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LAMB'S 
BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES 


EDITED BY 


JOHN HOWARD BROWN 


** Search for the truth is the noblest occupation of man; its publication a duty.” 
Madame de Staél. 


VotumeE VI. 


NEWTON — SEARS 





BOSTON, MASS. 
FEDERAL BOOK COMPANY OF BOSTON 
372 Boyuston STREET 


1908 





Copyright, 1903, 


By Feprrat Boox Company, oF Boston 





eee eet Our T eA Ss: 


PAGE 
JOHN SINGER SARGENT Artist Frontispiece 
OLIVER HAZARD PERRY Watat Officer Facing 223 
FRANKLIN PIERCE President 258 
JAMES Knox POLK President 288 
THEODORE ROOSEVELT President 542 


JACOB GOULD SCHURMAN Educator 643 





LAMB’S 
mriocRAPHICAL DICTIONARY 


OF THE 


ON eligi Dy dA IES. 
N. 


NEWTON, John Brockenbrough, coadjutor 
bishop of Virginia and 174th in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born at his father’s 
home *‘ Linden,” in Westmoreland county, Va., 
Feb. 7, 1839; son of Willoughby and Mary 
(Brockenbrough) Newton; grandson of Wil- 
loughby and Sally Bland (Poythress) Newton 
and of Judge William Brockenbrough of the Vir- 
ginia court of appeals, and his wife, Judith 
White, daughter of Rev. John White and grand- 
daughter of Carter Braxton, the signer. On his 
father’s side he was descended from Col. Rich- 
ard Bland of Revolutionary fame, who was 
the son of Theodorick Bland, one of the earliest 
settlers in Virginia. His earliest Newton ances- 
tor in America, John Newton, came to Virginia 
in 1670,and settled in Westmoreland county. He 
was a student at the Episcopal high school 
near Alexandria, and was graduated at the 
Medical College of Virginia, M.D., in 1860. 
He served as assistant and full surgeon in the 
Confederate States army, 1861-65, and after the 
close of the war practised his profession in West- 
moreland county until 1870, when he determined 
to enter the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal 
church. That his family might not suffer, he 
continued to practise medicine while studying 
the prescribed course at his home in Westmore- 
land, taking the regular examinations with the 
class at the Virginia Theological seminary. He 
was ordained deacon, June 25, 1871, and priest, 
June 29, 1872, by Bishop Whittle. He was 
rector of St. John’s and St. Paul’s churches, 
South Farnham parish, Tappahannock, Essex 
county, Va., 1871-76; of St. Luke’s church, 
Norfolk, Va., 1876-84, and of Monumental 
church, Richmond, Va., 1884-94. He was a 
delegate to the General convention at Chicago 
in 1886, at New York in 1889, at Baltimore in 
1892, and present as a member of the House of 
Bishops at Minneapolis in 1895. He was elected 


{1] 


coadjutor bishop of Virginia, Jan. 31, 1894, 
and was consecrated in Monumental church, 
Richmond, Va., May 16, 1894, by Bishops Whit- 
tle, Dudley, Peterkin, Randolph, Jackson and 
Capers. The degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by Washington and Lee university and by 
the University of the South, in 1896. He died in 
Richmond, Va., May 28, 1897. 

NEWTON, John Thomas, naval officer, was 
born in Alexandria, Va., May 20, 1793. He was 
appointed to the U.S. navy asa midshipman Jan. 
16, 1809, and served as acting lieutenant of the 
Hornet in the engagement with the Peacock, Feb. 
24, 1813. He was promoted lieutenant, July 24, 
1813, and first lieutenant of the Hornet during 
her action with the Penguin, March 23, 1815. 
He was promoted commander, March 8, 1827; 
captain, Feb. 9, 1837, and commanded the steamers 
Fulton and Missouri, and the navy yard at Pen- 
sacola, Fla., 1848-52. He was flag-ofticer of the 
home squadron, 1852-55, which gave him the title 
of commodore, and commanded the navy yard 
at Portsmouth, N.H., 1855-57. He died in Wash- 
ington, D.C., July 28, 1857. 

NEWTON, Richard, clergyman, was born in 
Liverpool, England, July 25, 1813 ; son of Richard 
and Elizabeth (Cluett) Newton. He immigrated 
to the United States with his parents in 1823, and 
settled in Philadelphia, Pa. He was graduated 
at the University of Pennsylvania, A.B. 1836, 
A.M. 18389, and at the General Theological semi- 
nary, New York city, in 1839. He was married 
July 31, 1834, to Lydia, daughter of Lawrence 
Greatorex of Philadelphia, Pa. He was ordered 
deacon in 1889, was rector of the Church of the 
Holy Trinity, West Chester, Pa., 1839; was or- 
dained priest in 1840, and was rector of St. Paul’s 
church, Philadelphia, 1840-62 ; of the Church of 
the Epiphany, Philadelphia, 1862-81, and of the 
Church of the Covenant, Philadelphia, 1881-87. 
He traveled in Europe, 1869-70. He was a 





NEWTON 


trustee of the University of Philadelphia, 1869- 
87, and received the degree of D.D. from Kenyon 
college in 1851. He contributed extensively to 
juvenile literature and many of his sermons pre- 
pared for children have been translated into 
French, German, Arabic and other languages. 
He is the author of: Rills from the Fountain of 
Life (1856) ; The King’s Highway (1858) ; Bible 
Jewels (1867); Nature’s Wonders (1872); Lhe 
King in His Beauty (1875); Bible Promises 
(1876) ; Natural History of the Bible (1877) ; 
Covenant Names and Privileges (1880) ; Leaves 
from the Tree of Life ; Giants and How to Fight 
Them: The Heath in the Wilderness ; Travels in 
Bible Lands ; Heroes of the Early Church ; Heroes 
of the Reformation; The Life of Christ for the 
Young; Bible Animals. He died at Chestnut 
Hill, Philadelphia, Pa., May 25, 1887. 

NEWTON, Richard Heber, clergyman, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 31, 1840 ; son of the 
Rev. Richard and Lydia (Greatorex) Newton. He 
attended the University of Pennsylvania and the 
Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal church 
in Philadelphia, 1857-62 ; was ordained deacon in 
1862; was assistant to his father at St. Paul’s, 
Philadelphia, 1862-63 ; 
assistant at the 
Church of the Epi- 
phany, Philadelphia, 
1863-64, and deacon 
in charge of Trinity 
church, at Sharon 
Springs, N.Y., 1864- 
66. He was married, 
April 14, 1864, to 
Mary E., daughter of 
Charles S. Lewis of 
Philadelphia, Pa. He 
was ordained priest 
in 1866, was rector of 
St. Paul’s church, 
Philadelphia, 1866-69, 
and of All Souls’ church, New York city, 1869- 
1902. He became special preacher at Leland Stan- 
ford university, Cal., in 1902, but resigned in May, 
1908, discouraged in his efforts to harmonize differ- 
ent creeds. He was charged with heresy as early as 
1883 and again in 1891, when he demanded a 
regular trial from his bishop, which was not 
granted. He was active in philanthropic and re- 
form movements and became known as a Chris- 
tian socialist. In 1890 he attempted with Father 
Ducey a municipal reform in New York city, be- 
ing largely instrumental in organizing the 
People’s Municipal league. His parish bought 
the building of the Church of the Holy Spirit, 
Madison avenue and 66th street, in 1890. He 
served as vice-president of the Liberal Congress 
of Religions and director of the New York State 


NEWTON 


Conference of Religions, also president of the In. 
ternational Metaphysical league. He received 
the degree of D.D. from Union college in 1881. 
He is the author of : Children’s Church, a hymn- 
book (1872) ; The Morals of Trade (1876) ; Woman- 
hood (1879) ; Studies of Jesus (1881) ; The Right 
and Wrong Uses of the Bible (1883) ; The Book of 
the Beginnings, a Study of Genesis ( 1884) ; Phil- 
istinism (1885) ; Social Studies (1886) ; Church 
and Creed (1891) ; Christian Science (1898), and 
magazine articles, reviews, sermons and ad- 
dresses. ; 
NEWTON, Robert Crittenden, soldier, was 
born in Little Rock, Ark., June 2, 1840; son of 
Thomas W. and Eliza (Allen) Newton ; grandson 
of Col. John Allen, who was killed while leading 
his regiment at the battle of River Raisin, Jan. 
22, 1813, and a descendant of Jared Newton, an 
Englishman, who immigrated.to Westmoreland 
county, Pa., in the 17th century. Thomas W. 
Newton was cashier of the Real Estate bank, 
clerk of Pulaski county, member of the state- 
legislature in both houses, U.S. marshal and rep- 
resentive in the 29th congress. Robert C. Newton 
was educated in the Western Military institute, 
Tyree Springs, Tenn., in the literary department 
of the University of Nashville, and studied math- 
ematics and languages under a private tutor. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1860, and practised in 
Little Rock. He entered the Confederate army 
as a private in 1861, was promoted lieutenant and 
assistant adjutant-general on the staff of Gen. 
Thomas C. Hindman, and took part in the battles 
of Woodsonville, Shiloh, Corinth, Prairie Grove, 
Helena, Little Rock, Jenkins’s Ferry and minor 
engagements. He was regularly promoted, be- 
coming colonel of the 5th Arkansas cavalry, and 
was acting brigadier-general in command of the 
Arkansas state troops at the close of the war. He 
was a commissioner from Arkansas to the authori- 
ties at Washington in 1866, to secure representa- 
tion for the state in congress; was appointed 
major-general of the state troops by Governor 
Baxter in 1878, and filled that position during the 
Brooks-Baxter controversy in 1874. Commodore 
Thomas Nelson, U.S.N., was his uncle, and his 
mother’s sister, Ann Maria Allen, married Henry 
Crittenden and was the mother of Gov. Thomas 
S. Crittenden (q.v.) of Missouri, and by a second 
marriage became the mother of Governor Eli 
Houston Murray (q.v.) of Utah. General Newton 
died at Little Rock, Ark., June 2, 1887. 
NEWTON, Thomas, representative, was born 
in Norfolk, Va., in 1769; son of Thomas and 
Martha (Tucker) Newton ; grandson of Thomas 
and Amy (Hutchins) Newton, and of Robert 
Tucker, and a great grandson of George and 
Aphie (Wilson) Newton. George Newton was 
mayor of the borough of Norfolk, Va., in 1736 


NEWTON 


and 1742. Thomas received a good education, 
studied law and settled in practice in Norfolk. 
He was a Republican representative in the 7th- 
20th and the 22d congresses, 1801-29 and 1831-33. 
He claimed election to the 2ist congress, but the 
house by a majority of thirteen gave the seat to 
George Loyall who had contested it. He retired 
the oldest member in point of service in the house, 
having also served for many years as chair- 
man of the committee on commerce and manu- 
factures. His son, John Newton (q.v.), was the 
distinguished soldier and engineer. He died in 
Norfolk, Va., Aug. 5, 1847. 

NEWTON, William Wilberforce, clergyman, 
was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 4, 1848; son 
of the Rev. Richard and Lydia (Greatorex) New- 
ton. He left the University of Pennsylvania 
with other students in 1863 to serve in Landis 
battery in the emergency corps for the defence 
of the state against Lee's invasion. He was 
graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 
A.B., 1865, A.M., 1868, and at the Divinity School 
of the Protestant Episcopal church, Philadelphia, 
in 1868. He was ordered deacon in 1868, and 
ordained priest, June 19, 1869, and was as- 
sistant at the Church of the Epiphany, Philadel- 
phia, during his father’s absence in Europe, 1869- 
70. He was married, Nov. 16, 1870, to Emily 
Stevenson, daughter of the Rev. James Welsh 
Cooke, of Philadelphia, Pa. He was rector of 
St. Paul’s, Brookline, Mass., 1870-75 ; of Trinity, 
Newark, N. J., 1875-77; of St. Paul's, Boston, 
Mass., 1877-81, and in 188i became rector of St. 
Stephen’s, Pittsfield, Mass. He was a member of 
the school committee while in Brookline, Mass., 
and held a similar office in Pittsfield, Mass., 1887- 
88. He organized the American congress of 
churches, which met at Hartford, Conn., in 1885, 
and at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1886. He received the 
degree of D.D. from the University of Pennsyl- 
vania in 1890. He is the author of: Little and 
Wise (1877) ; New Tracts for New Times (1877); 
The Wicket Gate (1878); Essays of To-day (1879); 
The Interpreter’s House (1879); The Palace Beau- 
tiful (1880); Great Heart (1881); The Voice of 
St. John (1881); Troublesome Children (1880); 
Priest and Man (1883); Summer Sermons (1885) ; 
Toyland (1885); The Vine Out of Egypt (1887); 
Prayers of the Ages (1887); A Father's Blessing 
(1888); Ragnar the Sea-King (1888); The Life of 
Dr. William A. Muhlenburg, D.D. (1890); The 
Child and the Bishop (1894); A Run Through 
Russia (1894) ; Philip McGregor (1895). His three 
poems in The Voice of St. Johu: Paradise, Tele- 
machusand Ragnar, were set to music in cantata 
form by Prof. F. J. Liddle, organist of St. 
Stephen’s church, Pittsfield. 

NIBLACK, William Ellis, representative, was 
born in Dubois county, Ind., May 19, 1822; son 


[3] 


NICHOLA 


of John and Martha (Hargrave) Niblack. He 
matriculated at Indiana university in the class of 
1844, but left at the close of his freshman year, 
studied law, was admitted to the bar and after- 
ward settled in practice in Vincennes. He rep- 
resented Martin county in the Indiana legislature 
in 1849 and 1853, and was a state senator, 1850-52. 
He was appointed circuit judge in January, 1854, 
and in October, 1854, was re-appointed for a term 
of six years, but resigned in October, 1857, hav- 
ing been elected to the 85th congress from the 
first Indiana district to fill the term of James 
Lockhart, who died Sept. 7, 1857. He served in 
the 85th, 36th and 89th-48d congresses, 1857-61, 
and 1865-75. He was a delegate at large from 
Indiana to the Democratic national conventions 
of 1864, 1868 and 1876; a member from Indiana 
of the Democratic congressional committee, 
1865-72, and a judge of the supreme court for the 
first district of Indiana, 1877-89, being defeated 
for re-election in 1888 by S. D. Coffey. He was 
married to Eliza A. Sherman of Cazenovia, N.Y., 
and of their sons, William Caldwell Niblack, a 
lawyer of Chicago, IIl., is the author of ‘‘Niblack 
on Benefit Societies and Accident Insurance ;” 
Mason Jenks Niblack, lawyer, Vincennes, Ind., 
was speaker of the house of representatives in 
the Indiana legislature, 1889-91, and Albert Par- 
ker Niblack, lieutenant U.S.N., was inspector of 
naval militia, 1895-96, naval attache at Berlin, 
Rome and Vienna, 1896-98, served. in Cuba, Man- 
illa and China waters, 1898-1901, and is the au- 
thor of ‘‘ Coast Indians of Alaska.” Judge 
Niblack died in Indianapolis, Ind., May 7, 1893, 

NICHOLA, Lewis, soldier, was born in Dublin, 
Ireland, in 1717, of Huguenot deséent. He fol- 
lowed the calling of his father and grandfather, 
entering the British army in 1740 as an ensign, 
and was promoted major. Hecame to America in 
1766 and settled in Philadelphia, Pa., where le 
was a surveyor. He established and edited the 
American Magazine in 1769, and edited the Travs- 
actions of the American Philosophical society 
of which he wasa member. He was appointed 
barracks-master-general of Philadelphia, in 1776, 
and was subsequently given command of the 
city guard. He was town-major, with the rank 
of major in the state militia, 1776-82. He 
planned a river defence boat and drew maps of 
the injuries done by the British while they oceu- 
pied the city. He offered to congress the sugges- 
tion that a regiment of invalid soldiers be re- 
cruited from men disabled in the service, and 
used as a camp of instruction or military school, 
His plan was acted upon, and in 1777 he was 
commissioned~*colonel and commandant of 
the school of instruction. He was brevetted 
brigadier-general’ in. November, 1788. He was 
an original member of the Pennsylvania branch, 


NICHOLAS 


Society of the Cincinnati. He favored a limited 
monarchical government, and even suggested to 
General Washington that he would best serve his 
country by assuming the title of king. For this 


suggestion he received a severe rebuke from 
Washington. He is the author of: A Treatise of 


Military Exercise Calculated for the Use of Amer- 
icans, in which Everything that is Supposed to be 
of Use to Them is Retained, and such Maneuvers 
as are only for Show and Parade are Omitted 
(1777). Hedied in Alexandria, Va., Aug. 9,1807. 

NICHOLAS, John, representative, was born 
in Williamsburg, Va., Jan, 19, 1761 ; son of Robert 
Carter (q.v.) and Ann (Cary) Nicholas. He was 
graduated at the College of William and Mary 
and became a planter. He was an Anti-Feder- 
alist representative from Virginia in the 3d--6th 
congresses, 1793-1801, removed to Geneva, NEY ay 
in 1803, where he cultivated a farm, was judge of 
the court of common pleas, 1806-19, and served 
as state senator, 1807-09. He died in Geneva, 
N.Y., Dec. 31, 1819. 

NICHOLAS, Robert Carter, statesman, was 
born in Hanover, Va., in 1715; son of Dr. George 
Nicholas, who immigrated to Virginia about 1700. 
His brother, John Nicholas, was the progenitor of 
the Nicholas family of the Seven Islands in the 
James river and was married to Martha, daughter 
of Col. Joshua and Mary (Micon) Fry. Robert 
Carter Nicholas was graduated from the College 
of William and Mary about 1733, and practised 
law in James City, Va. He was married to a 
daughter of Wilson Cary and had sons: George 
(1755-1799); Wilson Cary (q.v.); John (q.v.), 
and Philip Norborne (1778-1849), judge of the 
general court of Virginia, 1823-49. He was 
treasurer of the colony of Virginia, 1766-77, the 
member from James City in the house of bur- 
gesses until 1777, and a member of the house of 
delegates, 1777-79. He was opposed to the stamp 
act resolutions proposed by Patrick Henry, hold- 
ing that the act was void because unconstitu- 
tional. He was a member of the committee of 
correspondence, 1778, and of the various state 
conventions, being president pro tempore of the 
one of July, 1775, He was appointed judge of 
the high court of chancery in 1779 and subse- 
quently became judge of the court of appeals. 
He died in Hanover, Va., in 1780. 

NICHOLAS, Robert Carter, senator, was born 
in Hanover, Va., in 1790; son of Col. George 
and Mary (Smith) Nicholas, and grandson of 
Judge Robert Carter (q.v.) and Ann (Cary) 
Nicholas. His father was born in Hanover about 
1755 ; graduated at the College of William and 
Mary ; was colonel, 2d Virginia regiment, in the 
Revolution ; a member of the convention that rat- 
ified the Federal constitution ; a member of the 
house of delegates, and in 1790 removed to 


[4] 


NICHOLLS 


Kentucky where he was a member of the state 
constitutional convention, April 1, 1792, and 
author of the document; first attorney-gen- 
eral of the state, and died in 1799. Robert 
Carter Nicholas was graduated from the College 
of William and Mary in 1810; was appointed 
captain in the 25th U.S. infantry, March 12, 1812; 
was promoted major and assigned to the 12th 
U.S. infantry, March 3, 1813; lieutenant-colonel 
and assigned to the 44th U.S. infantry, Aug. 20, 
1814, and was transferred to the 30th U.S. infan- 
try, Nov. 14, 1814. He served in the war of 1812 
and on the Canadian frontier and was mustered 
out of service on the reduction of the army in 
June, 1815. He retired toa sugar plantation in 
Louisiana. He was U.S. chargé d’affaires to 
Naples; secretary of the state of Louisiana for 
several years; U.S. senator, 1836-41, and state 
superintendent of public instruction, 1851-57. He 
died in Terrebonne parish, La., Dec. 24, 1857. 
NICHOLAS, Samuel Smith, jurist, was born 
in Lexington, Ky., in 1796; son of George and 
Mary (Smith) Nicholas, and brother of Robert 
Carter Nicholas (1790-1857). He became a prom- 
inent merchant of New Orleans and subsequently 
removed to Louisville, Ky., where he engaged in 
the practice of law. He was appointed judge of 
the court of appeals in 1831 and was later elected 
a representative in the state legislature. He 
assisted in revising the code of Kentucky and is 
the author of Constitutional Law (1857). He 
died in Louisville, Ky., Nov. 27, 1869. 
NICHOLAS, Wilson Cary, governor of Vir- 
ginia, was born in Hanover, Va., in 1757; son of 
Robert Carter (q.v.) and Ann (Cary) Nicholas. He 
was graduated from the College of William and 
Mary in 1774, and served throughout the Revolu- 
tion as an officer in the Con- 
tinental army. He com- 
manded Washington’s | life 
guard ; was a member of the § 
Virginia convention that 
ratified the Federal constitu- 
tion, and was a friend and 
supporter of Thomas Jeffer- wae 
son. He was elected U.S. senator from Virginia 
in 1799 and resigned in 1804, to accept the collec- 
torship of the ports of Norfolk and Portsmouth, 
Va., where he served, 1804-07. He was a Demo- 
cratic representative in the 9th and 10th con- 
gresses, 1805-09, and was governor of Virginia, 
1814--17. He died in Milton, Va., Oct. 10, 1820. 
NICHOLLS, Francis Tillou, governor of Louis- 
iana, was born in Donaldsonville, La., Aug. 20, 
1854 ;son of Thomas Clarke and Louisa H.(Drake) 
Nicholls, and grandson of Edward Church and 
Wilhelmina (Hamilton) Nicholls. His father was 
a member of the general assembly of Louisiana ; 
judge of the district court and senior judge of 






































NICHOLS 


the court of errors and appeals, and his mother 
was a sister of Joseph Rodman Drake (q.v.). 
Francis was graduated from the U.S. Military 
academy and assign- 
ed to the 2d U.S. 
artillery, July 1, 1855, 
and served in Florida 
and at Fort Yuma, 
Cal., 1855--56. He was 
promoted 2d leuten- 
ant inthe 3d artillery, 
Oct., 19) 1855; re- 
signed his commis- 
sion, Oct. 1, 1856, and 
removed to Louisiana, 
where he was mar- 
ried in April, 1860, to 
a) . Caroline Z. Guion 
aa, Yule. of Lafourche parish. 

He__ practised law 
at Napoleonville, 1856-61. He was commissioned 
captain in the 8th Louisiana volunteer regiment 
early in 1861, becoming lieutenant-colonel on the 
organization of the regiment in the C.S.A ; was 
promoted colonel of the 15th Louisiana regi- 
ment in 1862,and shortly after brigadier-general in 
command of the 2d Louisiana brigade. He led 
his brigade in the battle of Winchester, Va.,where 
he lost his left arm, and at Chancellorsville, where 
he lost his left foot. He was superintendent of the 
conscript bureau, trans-Mississippi department, 
1864-65, and after the close of the war returned to 
Louisiana and practised law, 1865-76. He was 
Democratic governor of Louisiana, 1877-80 and 
1888-92, and after the expiration of his first term 
as governor, practised law in New Orleans. 
He was a member and president of the board of 
visitors to the U.S. Military dcademy in 1886, 
and after the expiration of his second term as 
governor, he was appointed chief justice of the 
supreme court of Louisiana for a term of twelve 
years, 1892-1904. 

NICHOLS, Edward Leamington, physicist, 
was born in Leamington, England, Sept. 14, 1854; 
son of Edward Willard and Maria (Watkinson) 
Nichols ; grandson of Rev. Noah and Mary H. 
(Low) Nichols of Rumney, N.H., and of Edward 
and Lavinia (Hudson) Watkinson of Hartford, 
Conn., anda descendant of David Nichols of Cohas- 
set, Mass, and of the Watkinsons of Black Notely 
Hall, England. His parents, who were Amer- 
icans. were at the time of his birth visiting Eng- 
land. He attended the Peekskill Military acad- 
emy and was graduated from Cornell university, 
B.S., 1875. He studied at the universities of 
Leipzig, Berlin and Géttingen (Ph.D. 1879) and 
was appointed a fellow in physics at the Johns 
Hopkins university in 1879. He was connected 
with Thomas A.° Edison at Menlo Park, N.J., 





wf. Chair! 


NICHOLS 


1880-81, where he was employed principally upon 
problems in testing incandescent light. He was 
married in 1881 to Ida Preston of South Dover, 
N.Y. He was professor of physics and chemistry 
in Central university, Richmond, Ky., 1881-83 ; 
professor of physics and astronomy at the Uni- 
versity of Kansas, 1883-87, and in 1887 became 
professor of physics at Cornell university. He 
was elected a fellow of the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science and of the Amer- 
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences ; member of 
the Kansas Academy of Science and its _presi- 
dent, 1885-86, member of the American Institute 
of Electrical Engineers; the American Physical 
society ; the Franklin Institute, and the National 
Academy of Sciences. He became editor of the 
Physical Review and is the author of : The Gal- 
vanometer (1894) ; Laboratory Manual of Physics 
and Applied Electricity (1894); The Elements of 
Physics (3 vols., 1895) ; Outline of Physics (1897), 
and numerous articles on experimental physics. 

NICHOLS, Edward Tatnall, naval officer, was 
born in Augusta, Ga., March 1, 1823. He was 
appointed midshipman, U.S.N., in December, 
1836; was promoted passed midshipman in 1842, 
and lieutenant in March, 1850. “He served in the 
Mediterranean squadron, 1853-56; in the Home 
squadron, 1858-60 ; commanded the U. S. steamer 
Winona of the Western Gulf blockading squad- 
ron, participating in the bombardment of Forts 
Jackson and St. Philip, and receiving the surren- 
der of Fort St. Philip, April 28, 1862. He also 
directed the Winona in both passages of the 
Vicksburg batteries and in the engagement with 
the Confederate ram Arkansas. He was pro- 
moted commander in July, 1862, commanded the 
U.S.S. Alabama of the West India squadron in 
1863, and the Mendota of the South Atlantic 
squadron, 1864-65. He successfully engaged a 
Confederate battery at Four Mile creek, James 
river, Va., June 16, 1864; was detailed on special 
duty in New York, 1866-68, and was chief-of- 
staff of the Asiatic squadron in 1870. He was 
promoted captain in 1866; commodore in 1872: 
rear-admiral in 1878, and was retired in March, 
1885. He made his home at Pomfret, Conn., 
where he died, Oct. 12. 1886. 

NICHOLS, Ernest Reuben, educator, was born 
in Farmington, Conn., Sept. 11, 1858; son of An- 
drew Frisbie and Jane Elizabeth (Crampton) 
Nichols, and grandson of Reuben and Jerusha 
(Frisbie) Nichols, and of Rufus and Naomi (Chid- 
zie) Crampton. He attended the public schools of 
Clayton county, Iowa, and was graduated from 
the Iowa state normal school, B.D., 1882; from 
the State University of Iowa, B.S., 1887, A.M., 
1890, and was a graduate student at the Univer- 
sity of Chicago, 1894-95. He taught school for 
two years; was principal of the high school at 


NICHOLS 


Charles city, Iowa, 1882-83, superintendent of the 
Nashua, Iowa, public schools, 1888-87 ; assistant 
professor of mathematics of the State University 
of Iowa, 1887-90; professor of physics at the 
Kansas State Agricultural college, 1890-99, and 
was elected president of the college in 1899. He 
was married, Dec. 20, 1888, to Marguerite Rae 
Nichols. 

NICHOLS, Francis, soldier, was born in Crieve 
Hill, Enniskillen, Ireland, in 1737. He immigrated 
to America in 1769 with his brother Wilham 
(1754-1804), who became captain and quarter- 
master in the American army. They settled in 
Cumberland county, Pa., and Francis enlisted in 
the patriot army in June, 1775; was pro- 
moted 2d lieutenant, and took part in the battle 
of Quebec, Dec. 81, 1775, where he was taken 
prisoner. He was released in August, 1776, and 
his sword was returned to him in the presence 
of all the American officers. He rose in the 
army to the grade of brigadier-general. At the 
close of the war he was elected first U.S. mar- 
shal of the eastern district of Pennsylvania. He 
died in Pottstown, Pa., Feb. 18, 1812. 

NICHOLS, George, educationist, was born in 
Northfield, Vt., April 17, 1827; son of James and 
Annis Aiken (Dole) Nichols, and grandson of 
Eleazer Nichols, a member of the body guard 
of Gen. Washington at Valley Forge, and a sol- 
dier during the entire Revolution. George as- 
sisted his father, a carpenter, when not attend- 
ing the district school. He attended the Orange 
county grammar school, 1840; taught in the 
Northfield district school, 1841-42; studied pri- 
vately, taught and attended Newbury, Vt., semi- 
nary, 1842-48, and was graduated with high 
honors from the Vermont Medical college, Wood- 
stock, in 1851, declining the position of de- 
monstrator of anatomy there. He wasstate libra- 
rian, 1848-53, and entered upon the practice of 
medicine, combining with it the drug business, in 
1854. In 1862-65 he served as surgeon of the 15th 
Vermont volunteers and had charge of the field 
hospitals of the 1st corps at Gettysburg. He 
was secretary of state of Vermont, 1865-84; 
president of the state constitutional conven- 
tion of 1870; a delegate to the Republican 
national convention at Philadelphia in 1872; 
a member of the Republican national com- 
mittee, 1872-84, and secretary and chairman of 
the state committee, 1872-84. He was an offi- 
cer in several railroad companies and director 
and president of the Northfield national bank, 
1875-1900. He was elected a trustee of the North- 
field institution, in 1865; was a director of the 
Northfield graded and high school for twelve 
years ; a trustee of the Vermont Episcopal insti- 
tute at Burlington, and for several years a mem- 
ber of the executive board. He took an active 


NICHOLS 


interest in the removal of Norwich university to 
Northfield, in 1866, and in that year was elected 
a trustee and treasurer of the institution. He 
was vice-president and acting president of the 
university, 1885-95, and contributed liberally 
toward the construction of the first university 
building, also rendering much subsequent aid. 
He was married in 1852 to Ellen Maria, daughter 
of Abijah Blake of Vergennes, Vt., and their 
two chiJdren died in infancy. Norwich univer- 
sity conferred upon him the honorary degree of 
LL.D. in 1881. 

NICHOLS, Herbert, psychologist and author, 
was born in Walpole, N.H., Feb. 7, 1852; son of 
Amos and Lydia (Nichols) Nichols ; grandson of 
Capt. Thomas and Tirzah (Lamson) Nichols, and 
a descendant of Lieut. John Nichols, who served 
in the Revolutionary war; also of John Nicol, the 
first ancestor in America, who landed in Boston 
about 1750, and of Alexandré (Lincon) Nicol, a Hu- 
guenot refugee. He was graduated from the Wor- 
cester Polytechnic institute, B.S., 1871, and took a 
special course in architecture and engineering. 
He was a civil engineer in the main office of the 
Pennsylvania railroad, 1874-84; studied in Ger- 
many and France, 1887-88 ; was instructor in 
psychology at Harvard university, 1891-93, and a 
lecturer at Johns Hopkins university in 1896. He 
was married, Oct. 1, 1900, to Jenny L., daughter 
of Franklin Ward, of North Orange, Mass. The 
honorary degree of Ph.D. was conferred on him 
by Clark university in 1891. He was elected a 
member of the American Psychological associa- 
tion, 1891; of the American Society of Natur- 
alists in 1892, and of the New York Philosophical 
club in 1900. He is the author of: The Psy- 
chology of Time (1891); Our Notions of Number 
and Space (1894); A Treatise on Cosmology (1902), 
and many monographs including: The Origin of 
Pleasure and Pain; How We Came to Have 
Minds ; The Feelings ; The Motor Power of Ideas, 
and Psychology of Education. 

NICHOLS, Matthias H., representative, was 
born in Sharpstown, N.J., Oct. 8, 1824. He 
learned the printers’ trade and removed to Ohio 
in 1842, where he was a printer. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1849, and settled in practice 
in Lima, Allen county, Ohio. He served as pros- 
ecuting attorney of Allen county and was a Re- 
publican representative from the fourth district 
in the 83d, 34th and 85th congresses, 1853-59. 
He died in Cincinnati, Ohio, Sept. 15, 1862. 

NICHOLS, Othniel Foster, civil engineer, was 
born in Newport, R.I., July 29, 1845; son of 
Thomas Pitman and Lydia (Foster) Nichols; 
grandson of William Stoddard and Eliza (Pitman) 


Nichols, and of Othniel and Eunice (Browning) 


[6] 


Foster, and a descendant of Sergt. Thomas 
Nichols, who emigrated from Wales to Newport, 


NICHOLS 


R.I., in 1660, and of John Foster of Salem, Mass., 
who settled in Rhode Island early in the seven- 
teenth century. He attended the public schools 
of Brooklyn, N. Y.; was apprenticed to a ma- 
chinist in 1862, and was graduated from the 
Rensselaer Polytechnic institute, C.E., 1868. He 
was employed on the laying out of Prospect park, 
Brooklyn, N.Y.; on the first elevated railway in 
New York city, and was a teacher of mathe- 
matics at the Cooper institute, N.Y. He was as- 
sistant engineer in the oftice of Cooper & Hewitt, 
1870-71, and was engaged in constructing the 
tunnel divisions of the Lima and Oroza and of 
the Chimbote railroad, Peru, 1871-76. He was 
married, Nov. 21, 1876, to Jennie Swasey, daugh- 
ter of Judge Samuel Sterne of Newport, R.I. 
He was in Brazil as resident engineer of an Eng- 
lish railway enterprise, 1878-79, and was em- 
ployed by Cooper & Hewitt in the New Jersey 
Steel and Iron company at Trenton, 1879-81, and 
by the Peter Cooper glue factory in Brooklyn, 
in 1882. He was resident engineer of the Hen- 
derson bridge over the Ohio river, 1882-86, and 
chief engineer of the Westerly, R.I. water works, 
1886. He was principal assistant engineer of the 
Suburban Rapid Transit company in New York, 
1887-88; city and chief engineer of the Brook-~- 
lyn elevated railroad company, 1888-92, and was 
elected general manager and chief engineer of 
the latter, 1892. He was chosen principal assist- 
ant engineer of the new East River bridge in 
February, 1896. He was elected a member of 
the American Society of Civil Engineers; the 
American Society of Mechanical Engineers: the 
Institution of Civil Engineers; a fellow of the 
American Geographical society, and a trustee of 
the Engineers’ club of New York city. 

NICHOLS, William Augustus, soldier, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., May 12, 1818; grand- 
son of Gen. Francis Nichols (q.v.). He was 
graduated from the U.S. Military academy, July 
1, 1888, and assigned to the 2dartillery. Hewas 
promoted 2d lieutenant, July 7, 1838, Ist lieuten- 
ant, June 1, 1844, and engaged in the battle of 
Monterey, Sept. 21-23, 1846. He was brevetted 
captain for gallant conduct in the several con- 
flicts at Monterey, Mexico ; served as aide-de- 
camp to General Quitman, Aug. 19 to Oct. 6, 
1846 ; as adjutant of 2d artillery, 1846-47, and at 
the same time as acting assistant adjutant-general 
of the 5th military department. He was acting 
assistant adjutant-general of Garland’s brigade, 
Worth’s division, and took part in the siege of Vera 
Cruz; the battle of Cerro Gordo; the skirmish of 
Amazoque; the capture of San Antonio, and 
battle of Churubusco. He was brevetted major, 
Sept. 8, 1847, for gallant and meritorious conduct 
in the battle of Molino Del Rey, and took part in 
the storming of Chapultepec and in the assault 


‘laity of Connecticut presented a 


NICHOLS 


and capture of the city of Mexico. He was 
brevetted captain of staff and assistant adjutant- 
general, July 29, 1852, and served in the 4th 
military department; in the adjutant-general’s 
office at Washington, D.C., and in the depart- 
ments of Texas and New Mexico. He was 
brevetted major of the staff, March 7, 1861, and 
was captured by the Texas secessionist and 
paroled. He served as adjutant-general of the 
Department of the East and of the Department 
of New York; was mustering and disbursing 
officer in New York city, 1861-62, and assistant in 
the adjutant-general’s office at Washington, D.C., 
1862-66. He was promoted colonel of staff, 
June 1, 1864, and was brevetted brigadier-general, 
Sept. 24, 1864, and major-general, March 13, 1865, 
for ‘‘ meritorious and faithful services during the 
rebellion.” He was adjutant-general of the 
military division of the Missouri and chief of 
staff to Lieut.-Gen. W.S. Sherman, 1868-69. He 
died in St. Louis, Mo., April 8, 1869. 

NICHOLS, William Ford, second bishop of 
California and 154th in succession in the Ameri- 
can episcopate, was born at Lloyd, N.Y., June 9, 
1849; son of Charles Hubert and Margaret 
Emilia (Grant) Nichols ; grandson of Josiah 
Morse and Delilah 
(Duncombe) Nichols 
and of Sweton and 
Hannah (Whiteley) 
Grant, anda descend- 
ant of Francis Nich- 
ols, an original settler 
and proprietor of 
Stratford, Connecti- 
cut,1639,. He was grad- 
uated from Trinity 
college, A.B., 1870, 
A.M., 18738, and from 
Berkeley divinity 
school in 1878. He 
was admitted to the 
diaconate by Bishop 
Williams of Connecticut in 1873 and to the priest- 
hood, in 1874, and was private secretary to Bishop 
Williams, 1871-76. He was married, May 18, 1876, 
to Clara, daughter of Edward Augustus and 
Mary (Gillespie) Quintard. He was assistant at 
Holy Trinity, Middletown, Conn., 1873-75, rector 
of St. James, West Hartford, Conn., and Grace 
church, Newington, Conn., 1875-77; 
Christ church, Hartford, 1877-87, and of St. 
James, Philadelphia, Pa., 1887-90. He was a 
delegate to the Seabury centenary at Aberdeen, 
Scotland, in 1884, and in behalf of the clergy and 
paten and 
chalice to the Scottish church. He was professor 
of church history at the Berkeley divinity school, 
1885-87, and was assistant secretary of the House 





rector of 


NICHOLS 


of Bishops in 1886. He decliried the election as 
bishop coadjutor of Ohio in 1888 ; was a deputy to 
the General convention from the diocese of 
Pennsylvania in 1889: was elected bishop coad- 
jutor of California with full charge in 1890, and 
was consecrated in St. James’ church, Philadel- 
phia, June 24, 1890, by Bishops Williams (Con- 
necticut), Quintard, Neely, Littlejohn, Whita- 
ker, Niles, Adams, Scarborough, Whitehead and 
H. C. Potter. Upon the death of Bishop Kip, 
April 6, 1893, he became the second bishop of the 
diocese. He founded and became dean of the 
Church Divinity School of the Pacific at San 
Mateo, Cal. On the organization of the domestic 
missionary district of Honolulu, Bishop Nichols 
was sent by the presiding bishop to act in his be- 
half in assuming jurisdiction and receiving the 
transfer of property from the Anglican bishop of 
the diocese of Honolulu, the Rt. Rev. Alfred 
Willis, D.D. On April 1, 1902, so commissioned 
by the presiding bishop, he assumed such juris- 
diction and was relieved of the charge by Bishop 
Restarick after the consecration of the latter, July 
2, 1902. The honorary degree of D.D. was con- 
ferred on him by Kenyon and Trinity in 1888. 
He is the author of: On the Trial of Your Faith 
(1895). 

NICHOLS, William Ripley, chemist, was born 
in Boston, Mass., April 30, 1847; son of Charles 


Carter and Betsey Foster Morton (Ripley) 
Nichols; grandson of Col. Israel and Esther 


(Gowing) Nichols, and of William Putnam and 
Elizabeth Foster (Morton) Ripley, and a descen- 
dant of George Morton, whocame over in the brig 
Ann, 1624, and of Elder Brewster, of the May- 
flower. He attended the Roxbury Latin school; 
studied abroad, 1863-65; was graduated from the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in- 1869, 
was instructor and assistant professor of chem- 
istry there, 1869-72, and professor of general 
chemistry, 1872-86. He was an authority on 
chemistry as applied to sanitation; was a mem- 
ber of the German Chemical society ; the London 
Society of Chemical Industry; the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences; the New York 
Academy of Science, and various other scientific 
associations and societies of art and industry, and 
was vice-president of the section of chemistry of 
the American Association for the Advancement 
of Science in 1885. He compiled a record of the 
Publication of the Officers, Students and Alumni 
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 
with the co-operation of the authors prepared 
an abridgment of Eliot and Storer’s Manual of 
Chemistry ; and by similar help revised Eliot and 
Storer’s Compendious Manual of Qualitative 
Analysis (1872). He is the author of : Water 
Supply mainly from a Chemical and Sanitary 
Standpoint (1888) with Lewis M. Morton ; Experi- 


NICHOLSON 


ments in General Chemistry (1884), anda Dic- 
tionary of Chenrical Synonyms. He died in Ham- 
burg, Germany, July 14, 1886. 

NICHOLSON, Alfred Osborn Pope, senator, 
was born in Williamson county, Tenn., Aug. 31, 
1801. He was graduated from the University of 
North Carolina in 1827 ; studied medicine, but re- 
linquished it for law ; was admitted to the bar 
in 1831, and practised at Columbia, Tenn. He 
edited the Western Mercury at Columbia, 1832- 
35; was a representative in the state legislature 
1833-39 ; succeeded Felix Grundy, deceased, as 
U.S. senator by appointment, serving in the 26th 
and 27th congresses, 1841-48; was editor of the 
Nashville Union, 1844-46 ; chancellor of the middle 
division of the state, 1845-51; president of the 
Bank of Tennessee, 1846-47; member of the 
Nashville convention of 1850; of the Democratic 
national convention of 1852, and in 18538 refused a 
cabinet position. He was printer of the U.S. house 
of representatives, 1853-55, and of the U.S. 
senate, 1855-57. He was a member of the Demo- 
cratic national convention, 1852, and edited the 
Washington Union, 1853-56. He was elected to 
the U.S. senate for a full term in 1857 and served 
until March 3, 1861. He was at Columbia, Tenn., © 
during the war, and was twice arrested and im- 
prisoned by the Federal authorities. He was a 
member of the convention to revise the constitu- 
tion of the state of Tennessee in 1870, and was 
chief justice of the supreme court of Tennessee, 
1870-76. He is the author of : Compilation of 
Laws of Tennessee ; Nicholson Letter (1848). He 
died at Columbia, Tenn., March 28, 1876. 

NICHOLSON, Eliza Jane, journalist, was born 
ona plantation on Pearl river, Miss., March 11, 
1849; daughter of Capt. John W. Poitevant. Her 
father was of French Huguenot descent and her 
maternal ancestors were from South Carolina. 
She early contributed poems and stories to the 
New York and New Orleans papers, under the 
pen name ‘‘ Pearl Rivers.” She became literary 
editor of the New Orleans Picayune in 1874 and 
was the pioneer woman journalist of the south. 
She was married to Col. A. H. Holbrook, the pro- 
prietor of the Picayune, and became conversant 
with all the details of journalism, and upon his 
death in 1876 assumed entire charge of his 
affairs, paid off a debt of $80,000 erected a large 
publishing house and owned the entire land 
building and plant. She was married secondly 
in 1878 to George Nicholson, the business manager 
of the Picayune, who had been her chief adviser 
after her husband’s death, and she retained en- 
tire editorial control of the Picayune, while Mr. 
Nicholson became financial manager. Her 
poems were published as Lyrics by Pearl Rivers. 
Mr. Nicholson died in New Orleans, La., in Febru- 
ary, 1896, and Mrs. Nicholson, Feb. 15, 1896. 


(8] 


NICHOLSON 


NICHOLSON, Isaac Lea, fifth bishop of Mil- 
waukee and 159th in succession in the American 
episcopate, was born in Baltimore, Md., Jan. 18, 
1844; son of John Johns and Jane (Ricketts) 
Nicholson; grandson of Christopher and Mary 
(Johns) Nicholson, and a descendant of an Eng- 
lish ancestry, from Appleby, England. He re- 
ceived his academic training at St. Timothy's 
Hall, Catonsville, Md., but ill health at this time 
prevented a college course. He engaged in com- 
mercial pursuits, including a partnership in his 
father’s banking house. He was graduated from 
Dartmouth college, A.B., 1869, A.M., 1872, com- 
pleting his studies at the Virginia Theological 
seminary, Alexandria, Va., in 1871. He received 
deacon’s orders in Grace church, Baltimore, Sept. 
24, 1871, and was ordained priest, Sept. 22, 1872. 
He served as curate at St. Thomas’s church, 
Hanover, N.H., 1871-72 ; at St. Paul’s, Baltimore, 
Md., 1872-75; rector of the Church of the Ascen- 
sion, Westminster, Md., 1875-79, and of St. 
Mark’s, Philadelphia, 1879-91. He declined the 
episcopate of Indiana in 1883 ; was elected to and 
accepted the bishopric of Milwaukee as successor 
to the Rt. Rev. Cyrus Frederick Knight, who died, 
June 8, 1891, and he was consecrated at St. Mark’s, 
Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 28, 1891, by Bishops Mc- 
Laren, Whittaker, Adams, Scarborough, White- 
head, Rulison, Paret, Worthington, Talbot, A. 
Leonard and Grafton. He received the degree of 
D.D. from Nashotah in 1890. 


NICHOLSON, James, naval officer, was born ~ 


in Chestertown, Md., in 17387. His father emi- 
grated from Berwick-on-Tweed, Scotland ; held 
a grant of land in Virginia, and was an officer 
under the crown. James shipped as a sailor 
when a boy and was rapidly promoted, serving as 
an officer on the fleet that captured Havana in 
762. He resided in New York city, 1763-71, 
and was married to Frances Witter. In 1775 he 
enlisted in the Maryland navy, on board the 
Defiance, and after recapturing a number of 
American trading crafts taken by the British, 
was appointed commander of the sloop Vir- 
ginia, 28 guns, in June, 1776. Upon the dismissal 
of Commodore Esek Hopkins (q.v.), Captain 
Nicholson, as senior captain, succeeded him as 
commander-in-chief of the continental navy and 
held the position until its dissolution. The Vir- 
ginia was prevented from escaping from Balti- 
more by the blockade maintained by the British, 
and Captain Nicholson, with his crew, joined Gen- 
eral Washington’s army at Trenton and took part 
in the battle at that place. He returned to his 
ship and in attempting to run the blockade she 
grounded on a bar and was captured, Captain 
Nicholson and most of his crew escaping to 
land. He was subjected to a court of inquiry by 
congress and acquitted of blame. He next 


[9] 


NICHOLSON 


commanded the frigate Trwmbull, 88 guns, and 
on June 2, 1780, captured the British frigate 
Watt, and in August, 1781, fell in with the Iris 
and the General Monk off the capes of Delaware. 
Of the 120 men on board the Trumbull, many 
were English sailors who had shipped in order to 
capture the vessel, and they on the first discharge 
of a broadside fled into the hold of the vessel, 
followed by the landsmen, who comprised part 
of the crew. This left but fifty men to fight the 
two British frigates and after a desperate con- 
flict, during which eighteen of the Americans 
were killed, Captain Nicholson was obliged to 
strike his colors. He was held a prisoner until 
near the close of the war. He returned to New 
York city, where he made his home, and was 
U.S. commissioner of loans, 1801-04. His 
brothers Samuel (q.v.) and John were both 
officers in the Continental navy, and his daughter 
Hannah married Albert Gallatin in 1798. He 
died in New York city, Sept. 2, 1804. 
NICHOLSON, James William Augustus, 
naval officer, was born in Dedham, Mass., March 
10, 1821; son of Nathaniel Dowse Nicholson, 
U.S.N., and grandson of Samuel Nicholson 
U.S.N. (q.v.). His father served tn the war of 
1812. James entered 
the U.S. navy as 
midshipman, Feb. 10, 
1838; was promoted 
passed midshipman 
in 1844, and served 
as acting master in 
the war with Mexico, 
1841-48. He was 
promoted lieutenant 
in 1852 and served 
on the sloop Van- 
dalia, on the expedi- = 
tion to Japan under | 
Commodore Perry, 
1853-55, and in the Chinese rebellion. He 
cruised along the coast of Africa in suppress- 
ing the slave trade, 1857-60, and in 1861 was 
on board the Pocahontas and went to the relief 
of Fort Sumter, but arrived after the surrender, 
April 13, 1861. He commanded the Isaac Smith 
in the Port Royal expedition and took part in 
the battle of Port Royal, S.C., Nov. 7, 1861, 
where he was commended by Admiral Dupont 
for his coolness and gallantry. He served in 
Florida in the capture of Jacksonville, Fernan- 
dina and St. Augustine, and was assigned to the 
command of St. Augustine. He repulsed a Con- 
federate flotilla on the Savannah river in 
February, 1862, was promoted commander, July 
16, 1862, and served as ordnance officer on the 
New York station, 1862-63. He commanded the 
Shamrock in the South Atlantic blockading 








“VANDALIA 


NICHOLSON 


squadron, 1863-64, and the monitor Manhattan, 
under Admiral Farragut, in the battle of Mobile 
Bay, where he engaged the Confederate ram 
Tennessee, Aug. 5, 1864. He bombarded Fort 
Powell for twelve days and after a siege of six 
weeks captured Fort Morgan. He commanded 
che U.S. steamer Mohican of the Pacific squadron, 
1865-66; was promoted captain in July, 1866; 
commanded the U.S. flag-ship Lancaster, of the 
Brazil squadron, 1871-72, and was promoted com- 
modore in 1873. He was commandant of the 
U.S. navy yard at Brooklyn, N. Y., 1876-80; was 
appointed to the command of the European 
station, Sept. 1, 1881, and was commissioned rear- 
admiral, Oct. 1, 1881. He was present at the bom- 
bardment of Alexandria, Egypt, by the British 
fleet, July 11, 1882, and on July 14th he landed 
100 marines to protect the U.S. consulate, thus 
incidentally affording protection to mary other 
refugees, and a medal was presented 
him by the king of Sweden in recognition of 
his services. He was retired, March 10, 1883. 
He died in New York city, Oct. 28, 1887. 
NICHOLSON, John Anthony, representative, 
was born in Laurel, Del., Nov. 17, 1827; son of 
Jacob Cannon and Susan Fauntleroy (Quarles) 
Nicholson ; grandson of Francis West and Lucy 
Dangerfield (Smith) Quarles, and a descendant of 
Moore Fauntleroy of Naylor’s Hole, who came to 
Virginia in 1643, and of Col. William Danger- 
field, and Merriwether Smith, both of Virginia. 
He attended an academy in Nelson county, Va., 
matriculated at Dickinson college in the class of 
1847, but left in 1845 to study law in Dover, Del., 
with Martin W. Bates. He began practice in 
1850, having married Angelica K. Reed of Dover 
in 1848. He was appointed superintendent of the 
free schools for Kent county, Del., in 1851, and 
was made brigadier-general of Kent county 
militia in 1861. He was a member of the Demo- 
cratic national committee, 1864-68, a representa- 
tive in the 39th and 40th congresses from the state- 
at-large, 1865-69, and opposed the impeachment 
measures. In 1902 he resided in Kent county, Del. 
NICHOLSON, John B., naval officer, was born 
in Richmond, Va., in 1783. He was appointed a 
midshipman in the U.S. navy, July 4, 1800; was 
promoted lieutenant, May 20, 1812, and was 
4th lieutenant on the frigate United States, 
when that vessel captured the British frigate 
Macedonian, near the Island of Madeira, Oct. 25, 
1812. He was ist lieutenant of the Peacock, 
under Captain Warrington, in the engagement 
with the brig Epervier, April 29, 1814, and was 
given command of the captured Epervier. taking 
her safely into port! He commanded the brig 
Flambeau, under Commodore Decatur, on the 
declaration of war with the Barbary powers, Feb. 
23,1815. He was promoted commander, March 


gold 


[10] 


NICHOLSON 


5, 1817; captain, April 24, 1828, and was subse- 
quently commissioned a commodore. He died in 
Washington, D.C., Nov. 9, 1846. 

NICHOLSON, John Reed, chancellor, was 
born in Dover, Del., May 19, 1849; son of John 
Anthony (q.v.) and Angelica Killen (Reed) 
Nicholson, and a descendant of William Killen, 
the first chancellor of the state. He was gradu- 
ated from Yale, A.B:, 1870, and from Columbia, 
LL.B., 1873. In 1870 he accompanied Prof. 
Ithniel C. Marsh (q.v.) on a paleontological ex- 
pedition through the Rocky Mountains and the 
great plains. He practised law in New York, 
1873-76, and in Dover, Del., after 1876. He was 
married, June 3, 1884, to Isabella Hayes Hager of 
Lancaster, Pa. He was attorney-general of Dela- 
ware, 1892-95; and became chancellor of the 
state, Nov. 23, 1895. He was a member of the 
board of electors for the Hall of Fame for Great 
Americans, New York university, October, 1900. 

NICHOLSON, Joseph Hopper, representative, 
was bornin Maryland in 1770. He was admitted 
to the bar and practised in his native state, where 
he was the Anti-Federalist leader and a repre- 
sentative in the legislature. In 1792 he intro- 
duced a bill to remove from the statutes of the 
state the property qualification for voters. He 
was a representative from Maryland in the 6th, 
7th, 8th, and 9th congresses, 1799-1806. He 
resigned, March 1, 1805, to accept the chief 
judgeship of the sixth judiciai district to which 
he had been appointed in 1805, and he was 
succeeded by Edward Lloyd (q.v.). He subse- 
quently became judge of the court of appeals of 
Maryland. He died in Anne Arundel county, 
Md., March 4, 1871. 

NICHOLSON, Samuel, naval officer, was born 
in Maryland in 1748. His father was proprietor 
of Nicholson Manor, Virginia, and his brothers 
James (q.v.) and John were officers in the Con- 
tinental navy. Samuel served under John Paul 
Jones, as a lieutenant on the Bon Homme Rich- 


























BATTLE OF THE BON HOMME RICHARD AND SERAPIS. 
ard ; was promoted captain, Sept. 17, 1779, and 
engaged in the celebrated sea fight with the 
Serapis, Sept. 23,1779. He commanded the frigate 
Deane, 32 guns, in 1782, and cruised with great 


NICHOLSON 


success, capturing three British sloops of war 
of heavier metal. Upon the reorganization of 
the navy in 1794 he retained his commission and 
was given command of the frigate Constitution, 
having superintended her construction. He died 
in Charlestown, Mass., Dec. 29, 1813. 

NICHOLSON, Somerville, naval officer, was 
born in New York city, Jan. 1, 1822; son of Major 
A. A. and Helen Bache (Lispenard) Nicholson. 
He was appointed a midshipman in the U.S. 
navy, June 21, 1839; was promoted passed mid- 
shipman, July 2, 1845; master, Sept. 9, 1853; 
lieutenant, May 5, 1854; lieutenant-commander, 
July 16, 1862; commander, Jan, 2, 1863; captain, 
June 10, 1870, and commodore, Jan. 22, 1880. He 
commanded the steam gunboat Marblehead and 
the steamer State of Georgia, and was engaged in 
blockading service during the civil war, 1861-65. 
After seventeen years’ sea service and twelve 
years’ shore duty, on his own application under 
the act of Aug. 3, 1861, he was retired, April 7, 
1881. He made his home in Washington, D.C. 

NICHOLSON, William Carmichael, navaj 
officer, was born in Maryland in 1800; son of 
Capt. John Nicholson, an officer in the Continen- 
tal navy during the Revolutionary war, and 
nephew of James and Samuel Nicholson(q.v.). He 
was commissioned a midshipman in the U.S. navy, 
July 18, 1812, and served on the President, under 
Decatur, during the action off Long Island in 
1815, where he was taken a prisoner to England 
and confined until the close of the war. He was 
promoted lieutenant in March, 1821, and served 
on the frigate United States, Pacific squadron, 
1827-34. In 1834 he was assigned to duty at the 
naval station. He was commissioned commander, 
Sept. 8, 1841, and commanded the sloop Preble 
in the Mediterranean squadron, 1843-45. He was 
on duty at the naval rendezvous at Boston, Mass., 
1845-46 ; served on the receiving ship in New 
York, 1847-48, and commanded the navy yard at 
Memphis, Tenn., 1852-53. He was promoted 
captain, Aug. 22, 1855; was fleet captain of the 
Pacific squadron in 1855; commanded the steam 
frigate  Missis- 
sipp?t in the East 
India squadron, 
1858-61; was in 
command of the 
United States 
2@ marine asylum 

in Philadelphia, 
= and commanded 

the steam fri- 

gate Roanoke 
when the civil 
war began. He served on special duty, 1861-66, 
and was commissioned commodore, July 16, 1862. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 25, 1872, 









_ = = SS 


= ~ 


USS. MISSISSIPPI 


{11] 


NICOLAY 


NICHOLSON, William Rufus, R.E. bishop, 
was born in Green county, Miss., Jan. 8, 1822; 
son of Isaac Rogelle and America (Gilmer) Nichol- 
son. He was graduated from La Grange college, 
Ala., in 1840; was ordained deacon and _ priest in 
the Protestant Episcopal church, and served as 
rector of Grace church, New Orleans, La. ; St. 
John’s, Cincinnati, Ohio; St. Paul’s, Boston, Mass., 
and Trinity, Newark, N.J. He joined the Re- 
formed Episcopal movement in 1874 and was 
rector of the Second R.E. (St. Paul’s) church in 
Philadelphia, 1874-76. He was elected and con- 
secrated bishop in 1876 and also assumed the 
duties of dean of the Reformed Episcopal Theolo- 
gical seminary in Philadelphia, Pa. The honorary 
degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Kenyon 
college, Ohio, in 1857. He was twice married ; 
first, on Nov. 27, 1845, to Jane, daughter of Dr. 
Franklin Shaw of Mobile, Ala., and secondly on 
Oct. 18, 1866, to Katharine Stanley, daughter of 
Charles Hamilton Parker of Boston, Mass. He 
isthe author of : The Blessedness of Heaven (1874); 
Reasons why I am a Reformed Episcopalian 
(1875); The Real Presence in the Bread and Wine 
of the Lord’s Supper (1877); The Call to the 
Ministry (1877), and The Bearing of Prophecy 
on Inspiration (1888). He died in Philadelphia, 
Pa., June 7, 1901. 

NICKLIN, Philip Holbrook, bookseller, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa.,in 1786. He was grad- 
uated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 
1804, A.M., 1807; studied law, and. engaged in 
business as a bookseller in Baltimore, Md., 1809- 
14, and in Philadelphia,- 1814-39. He was a 
trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, 1827- 
42; visited England in 1833, and on his return in 
1834 made a report before the board “of trustees 
on the educational advantages offered by the 
universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He 
wrote articles on conchology for Silliman’s Jour- 
nal; letters descriptive of the Virginia mineral 
springs and ofa journey through Pennsylvania ; 
articles on the rights of authors to literary prop- 
erty and papers, and on the tariff as affecting 
the trade in books. He died in Philadelphia, 
Pa., March 2, 1842. 

NICOLAY, John George, author, was born in 
Essingen, Bavaria, Feb. 26, 1882; son of Jacob 
and Helena Nicolay. He immigrated to the 
United States with his parents in 1838, 
settled first in Cincinnati, Ohio, and then suc- 
cessively in Indiana, Missouri and Illinois. He 
received a limited education and was employed 
as a clerk in a retail store in Whitehall, Ill., 1846- 
47; in the printing office of the Pittsfield, IIl., 
Free Press, 1848-56, becoming successively, pub- 
lisher, editor and proprietor. He was clerk of 
the secretary of state at Springfield, Il. , 1856-60 ; 
private secretary to Abraham Lincoln, 1860-65 ; 


who 


NICOLL 


U.S. consul to Paris, 1865-59, and marshal of the 
U.S. supreme court, 1872-87. He was a founder 
of the Literary society and the Columbia His- 
torical society of Washington, and a life member 
of the American Historical society. He was 
married in June, 1865, to Therena Bates of Pitts- 
field, Ill. She diedin November, 1885. In collabo- 
ration with John Hay, he is the author of: Abra- 
ham Lincoln, a history (10 vols. 1890), which first 
appeared in the Century, 1886-90, and in 1901 
was condensed by Mr. Nicolay, and Abraham 
Lincoln’s Complete Works (2 vols., 1894). He also 
wrote The Outbreak of the Rebellion (1881), being 
the first volume ofa series entitled : ‘* Campaigns 
of the Civil War’; the article on President 
Lincoln in the English edition of the ‘‘ Encylo- 
paedia Britannica,” and many articles in the 
leading magazines and periodicals. He died in 
Washington, D.C., Sept. 26, 1901. 

NICOLL, James Craig, painter, 
New York city, Nov. 22, 1846; son of John W. 
and Elizabeth Phillips (Craig) Nicoll, and grand- 
son of John and Anne (Williams) -Nicoll of 
Newburgh, N.Y., and of James Jefferson and Har- 
riet R. (Phillips) Craig of Craigsville, N.Y. His 
first ancestor in America was John Nicoll of 
Haddieweel, Scotland, who arrived in New York 
in 1711. He attended Quackenbos school, New 
York, and studied painting with Maurice F. H. 
de Haas. He exhibited in 1868 at the National 
Academy of Design; was elected an associate 
member in 1880, and an academician in 1885. He 
was secretary of the Etching club for several 
years; was elected president of the Artists’ Fund 
society in 1887; was one of the founders of the 
American Water-color society and its secretary 
for several years, and secretary of the National 
Academy. He received medals at the Paris ex- 
position ; the American Prize Fund; the New 
Orleans exposition of 1885, and at the Pan- 
American exposition, Buffalo, 1901. He was 
secretary of the International Jury of Award son 
Painting at the World’s Columbian exposition, 
Chicago. Among his water colors are: On the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence; Foggy Morning, Grand 
Menan (1876); Moonlight, Cape Ann (1877); Out- 
let of Lake Oscawana (1873); Moonlight at Nahant 
(1881); A Creek (1884), and Stormy Days at 
Block Island (1886). His paintings in oil include: 
Bass Rocks near Gloucester, Mass. (1879); Shower 
at Block Island (1880); On the Rocks near Port- 
land (1881); Harbor View (1882); Marblehead 
Rock (1883); Sunlight on the Sea (1884); Summer 
Morning (1885); Fog and Sunshine (1886); An 
August Evening (1886); Night (1900). 

NICUM, John, educator and clergyman, was 
born in Winnenden, Wirtemberg, Germany, 
Jan. 6, 1851. He attended the Latin school at 
Winnenden, was graduated from Muhlenberg 


was born in 


[12] 


NIEHAUS 


college, Allentown, Pa., in 1878, and from the 
Lutheran Theological seminary at Philadelphia, 
Pa., in 1876. He was pastor at Frackville, Pa., 
1876-78; at Frankfort, Philadelphia, Pa., 1878- 
80; at Syracuse, N.Y., 1880-87, and in 1887 was 
elected pastor of St. John? s Lutheran church at, 
Rochester, N.Y. In addition to his services as 
pastor he accepted the presidency of the Wagner: 
Memorial Lutheran college at first temporarily in 
1894, but which soon after became permanent. 
and included the professorship of mental and 
moral science and Hebrew. He served as presi- 
dent of the fourth conference of the New York 
Ministerium, 1884-89, secretary of the general 
council of the Evangelical Lutheran church in 
North America, 1886-97, and president of the 
general council’s board of German home missions, 
1888-97. He received the degree of D.D. from 
Muhlenberg college in 1893. He is the author of : 
Gleichniss-Reden Jesu (1884) ; Laws of the State 
of New York Relating to Churches (1884); Refor- 
mations Album (1885); The Doctrinal Develop- 
ment of the New York Ministerium (1887); the 
German edition of Wolf’s ‘‘The Lutherans in 
America” (1892) ; History of the New York Min- 
isterium (1888) ; Abwehr (1892) ; Confessional 
History of the Lutheran Church in the United. 
States (1892), 

NIEHAUS, Charles Henry, sculptor, was born 
in Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan. 24, 1855; son of John 
Conrad and Sophia W. (Block) Niehaus, natives. 
of Hanover, Germany, who came to the United 
States in childhood and settled in Cincinnati. 
Charles Henry Niehaus successfully engaged in 
wood engraving, casting and cutting marble, to. 
which latter trade he was apprenticed. He 
studied art at the McMicken school of design at. 
night and won the first prize in drawing and 
modeling. He studied at the Royal academy, 
Munich, 1877-80, where he was awarded a first 
prize diploma and medal in recognition of his 
group, ** Fleeting Time,” the first prize ever given 
to an American by a German academy. He 
traveled in Italy, France and England, 1880-81, 
and in 1881 executed a bust of Lord D’Israeli at. 
Manchester, England. He established a studio 
in Villa Strohl-Fern, Rome, Italy, where he exe- 
cuted ‘‘The Scraper” and ‘The Pugilist,” the 
former winning a fellow ship in the Société della. 
Artistica Internazienale di Roma, five medals and 
a special medal, Chicago, 1893. In 1885 he es- 
tablished his studio in New York city, where he 
was made a member of the council of the 
National Sculpture society, a member of the 
Architectural League of America, of the Muni- 
cipal Art society, of the National Arts club, of 
the Society for the Preservation of Historic and 
Science Places, of the Ohio society and of the. 
Players’ club, He executed statues of Garfield 


‘ 


Bremen, Germany, June 25, 1839. 


_ 


NIEMEYER 


and William Allen, placed in Statuary Hall, 
Washington, D.C., 1884; colossal statues of Gib- 
bon, typifying history, and Moses, representing 
religion, for the Congressional library at Wash- 
ington (1896) ; statues of Hooker and Davenport, 
and interpretative doors and tympanums for the 
capitol at Hartford, Conn. (1895); statue of 
Vice-President Tompkins for the senate chamber, 
Washington ; statue of Governor Morton of In- 
diana for Statuary Hall, Washington (1900) ; the 
memorial Hahnemann monument at Washing- 
ton, with a seated figure of Samuel Hahnemann 
and four illustrative panels (1900) ; the equestrian 
statues of Robert E. Lee and of William T. Sher- 
man ; the Astor bronze doors for Trinity church 
(1894) ; astatue of Andrew G. Curtin of Penn- 
sylvania (1897); heroic statues of Abraham 
Lincoln and Admiral Farragut for Hackley 
Square, Muskegon, Mich. (1900); an immense 
pediment, ‘‘ The Triumph of the Law,” for the 
Appellate Court House in New York city (1900) ; 
two colossal groups representing mineral wealth, 
being ‘The Story of Light” and ‘‘ The Story of 
Gold,’ Pan-American exposition (1901); the 
monument to General Forrest in Memphis, Tenn., 
from a design accepted June 6, 1901; a bust of 
President McKinley finished June, 1901, and an 
heroic seated figure of Lincoln for the Butfalo 
Historical society (1901). 

NIEMEYER, John Henry, artist, was born in 
About 1845 
his parents settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he 
received his primary education. Prom 1866 to 
1870 he studied painting in Paris at the Ecole des 
Beaux Arts under Léon Géréme, and drawing 
under Adolphe Yvon and subsequently under 
Louis Jacquesson de la Chevreuse and Sebastian 
Cornu. He became a painter of portraits and 
landscapes. In 1871 he was appointed professor 
of drawing in the Yale School of the Fine Arts. 
In 1869 he exhibited in the Paris Salon, the his- 
torical picture of ** Gutenberg Inventing Movable 
Types” and a full-length life-size portrait. His 
landscapes are principally of New England 
scenery. He also produced The Young Orator 
(1873); The Braid (1874); Where? (1875). He 
painted a portrait of Theodore D. Woolsey for 
the Woolsey Auditorium of Yale university 
and portraits of Professor T. R. Lounsbury, 
LL.D.; the Rev. T. T. Munger, D.D., and others. 
He modeled in bas-relief a portrait of William 
M. Hunt, the artist, in 1883-84, and after reading 
Rossetti’s ‘‘ Lilith,” modeled Lilith Tempting Eve. 

NIGHTINGALE, Augustus Frederick, educa- 
tionist, was born in Quincy, Mass., Nov. 11, 1843 ; 
son of Thomas J. and Alice (Brackett) Nightin- 
gale; grandson of Samuel B. and Mehitable 
(Brackett) Nightingale, and of Joseph G. and Char- 
lotte (Newcomb) Brackett, and a descendant of 


NILES 


John Nightingale, who settled in Hull, Mass., 
1634 or 1654. He was graduated from Wesleyan 
university, A.B., 1866, A.M., 1869, and was pro- 
fessor of ancient languages at Upper Iowa uni- 
versity, Fayette, lowa, 1867-68 ; acting president 
of Northwestern Female college, Evanston, II1., 
1868-71; professor of ancient languages and 
teacher of elocution in Simpson Centenary col- 
lege, Indianola, Iowa, 1871-72; superintendent 
of public instruction in Omaha, Neb., 1872-74; 
principal of Lake View high school, Ravens- 
wood, Ill., 1874-90 ; assistant superintendent of 
public instruction in Chicago, Ill., 1890-92 ; super- 
intendent of the public high schools of Chicago, 
1892-1901, and in March, 1902, was elected 
president of the board of trustees of the Univer- 
sity of Illinois. He was married, Aug. 24, 1866, 
to Fanny Orena, daughter of the Rev. C. H. 
Chase. He was elected president of the Nebraska 
State Teachers’ association in 1873; president of 
the Nebraska State Sabbath School association in 
1873 ; of the Illinois State Teachers’ association in 
1887; of the secondary department of the Na- 
tional Educational association in 1888, and presi- 
dent of the North Central association of colleges 
and secondary schools in 1898. He was a mem- 
ber of the National Educational association and 
chairman of the national committee on college 
entrance requirements, 1895-1899. He received 
from Wesleyan university the degree of Ph.D. in 
1891 and of LL.D.in 1901. He is editor of Twen- 
tieth Century Text Books (100 vols., 1899 et seq.), 
and theauthor of : A Hand Book of Requirements 
for Admission to the Colleges of the United States 
(1879) ; and with George Howland of Two Edu- 
cational Essays (1881), besides many reports and 
educational papers. 

NILES, Hezekiah, editor, was born in Chester 
county, Pa., Oct. 10, 1777. He was early appren- 
ticed to a printer, and in 1808 removed to Balti- 
more, Md., where he edited a daily paper, 1804-14. 
He founded and edited Niles’ Register, a weekly 
journal published in Baltimore, 1811-86, in which 
he advocated protection of American industries, 
The first 32 volumes (1812-27) were reprinted, 
and the Register was continued by his son, Miller 
Ogden Niles, and cthers, 1827-49. He is the 
author of: Principles and Acts of the Revolution 
(1822), and of a series of humorous essays, en- 
titled Quill Driving. The towns of Niles inMich- 
igan and Ohio were named in his honor. He 
died in Wilmington, Del., April 2, 1839. 

NILES, John Milton, senator, was born in 
Windsor, Conn., Aug. 20, 1787; son of Moses and 
Naomi (Marshall) Niles, and grandson of Benja- 
min and Lucy (Sill) Niles. His father was a 
native of Groton, Conn., and removed to Windsor 
prior to the Revolutionary war. John attended 
school at Windsor, studied law with John 


[13] 


NILES 


Sargent and was admitted to the bar ringlouler(e, «(iat 
January, 1817, he established and was manager of 
the Hartford Times, and obtained for that paper 
a large circulation. He was an associate judge 
of the county court, 1821-29; was a representa- 
tive in the general assembly in 1826, and was de- 
feated for the state senate in 1827. He sup- 
ported General Jackson for president, and upon 
his inauguration, in 1829, President Jackson ap- 
pointed Maj. H. B. Norton, editor of the Times, 
postmaster of Hartford, in recognition of the 
service rendered by the paper during the cam- 
paign. Against this appointment Niles pro- 
tested vigorously, and the President dismissed 
Norton and appointed Niles his successor, On 
the death of Nathan Smith, U.S. senator from 
Connecticut, Dec. 6, 1836, Niles was elected to 
complete the term expiring March 3, 18389. In 
1840 President Van Buren appointed him post- 
master-general in his cabinet, as successor to 
Amos Kendall, who resigned, May 9, 1840, and 
Niles held the office until the close of Van Buren’s 
administration, March 38, 1841. He was the Dem- 
ocratic candidate for governer of Connecticut in 
1839 and 1840, and was again U.S. senator, 1848- 
49. He was twice married, first June 7, 1824, to 
Sarah, daughter of William Robinson, and widow 
of Lewis Howe. She died, Noy. 23, 1842, and he 
was married secondly, Nov. 26, 1845, to Jane H. 
Pratt of Columbia county, N.Y., who died in 
September, 1850. He made several bequests, in- 
cluding $70,000 in trust to the city of Hartford, 
the income therefrom to be devoted to the worthy 
poor, and his large library to the Connecticut 
Historical society. Heis theauthor of: The Inde- 
pendent Whig (1816); Gazetteer of Connecticut 
and Rhode Island (1819); History of the Revolu- 
tionin Mexico and South America, with a View of 
Texas (1829); The Civil Officer (1840); Loss of 
the Brig Commerce upon the West Coast of Africa 
(1842). He died in Hartford, Conn., May 81, 1856. 

NILES, Nathaniel, representative, was born in 
South Kingston, R.I., April 3, 1741 ; son of Samuel 
Niles; grandson of the Rev. Samuel and Ann 
(Coddington) Niles of Braintree, Mass., and great- 
grandson of Nathaniel and Sarah (Sands) Niles of 
Block Island. He matriculated at Harvard col- 
lege and was graduated from the College of New 
Jersey, A.B., 1766, A.M., 1769. He studied the- 
ology under the Rev. Dr. Joseph Bellamy, and 
also studied law and medicine in New York city, 
where he taught school. He preached in Nor- 
wich and Torrington, Conn.; resided in Norwich, 
where he invented a process for making wire 
from bar iron, and added to the wire mill, which 
was run by water, a woolen cord manufactory, 
He served asasoldier throughout the Revolution, 
and subsequently removed to Vermont, where he 
purchased a large tract of land, founded the town 


NILES 


of West Fairlee and held religious services in 
his own house for nearly forty years. He was 
a representative in the Vermont legislature ; 
speaker and agent to congress in 1784; judge of 
the supreme court, 1784-88; a member of the 
council of censors in 1785, 1787 and 1789, and a 
member of the constitutional convention of 1791. 
He was a representative from Vermont in the 2d 
and 3d congresses, 1791-95 ; was a representative 
in the state legislature, 1800-02 and 1812-14; a 
member of the governor’s council, 1803-08; a 
presidential elector, 1805 and 1813, and a member 
of the constitutional convention of 1814. He led 
in formulating the demand of the state for a con- 
stitutional amendment prohibiting the importa- 
tion of slaves; was opposed to the bank bill 
schemes of 1800, but in 1806 voted for the estab- 
lishment of a state bank. He was twice married: 
first to a daughter of Rev. Dr. Lathrop of West 
Springfield, Mass., and secondly to Elizabeth, 
daughter of William Watson of Plymouth, 
Mass., and of his sons, Nathaniel was U.S. con- 
sul at Sardinia, acting plenipotentiary to Austria 
and secretary of legation at the court of St. 
James under U.S. Minister Cass. The honorary 
degree of A.M. was conferred on him by Har- 
vard in 1772, and by Dartmouth in 1791. He was 
trustee of Dartmouth college, 1793-1820. He is 
the author of : Four Discourses on Secret Prayer 
(1773); Two Discourses on Sin and Forgiveness 
(1773); Two Discourses upon Liberty ; The Per- 
fection of God (A777), and The Fountain of Good 
(1777). He also wrote an ode entitled The Amer- 
ican Hero, which was inspired by the news of 
the battle of Bunker Hill, was set to music by 
the Rev. Sylvanus Ripley, and became the war 
song of the New England soldiers. He died at 
West Fairlee, Vt., Oct. 31, 1828. 

NILES, Samuel, clergyman, was born on 
Block Island, R.I., May 1, 1674; son of Nathaniel 
and Sarah (Sands) Niles. He was graduated 
from Harvard college, A.B., 1699, A.M., 1709, and 
was a preacher on Block Island, 1699-1701; at 
Kingstown, 1702-10, and was ordained pastor of 
the Second church, Braintree, Mass., in 1711. 
He was twice married ; first, in 1716, toa daughter 
of Peter Thatcher of Milton, “Mass., and sec- 
ondly, in 1732, to Ann Coddington. He returned 
to Block Island in his latter years and became 
pastor of a church in Charleston, composed 
chiefly of the Niantic Indians. He is the author 
of: A Brief and Sorrowful Aecount of the 
Churches in New England (1745); A Vindication 
of Diverse Important Doctrines of Seripture (1752); 
Seripture Doctrines of Original Sin (1757); History 
of the French and Indian Wars (1760), and a diary 
kept by him for sixty years, which forms an in- 
teresting history of Braintree. He died in Brain- 
tree, Mass., May 1, 1762. 


{14} 


NILES 


NILES, William Harmon, geologist, was born 
in Northampton, Mass., May 18, 1838; son of 
the Rev. Asa and Mary Ann (Marcy) Niles, and 
grandson of Peter Niles. He attended the schools 
of Worthington, Mass., where in 1855 he began 
teaching. He prepared for his science education 
at Wilbraham, Mass., where he was with his 
uncle, Oliver Marcy, LL.D., of Northwestern 
university, Evanston, Ill., under whose encour- 
agement in 1862 he entered the Lawrence Scien- 
tific school, Harvard, and was graduated, S.B., 
in 1866. For a year he was a student at the 
Sheffield Scientific school, Yale, and graduated 
Ph.B. in 1867. He was married in 1869 to Helen 
M. Plympton of Cambridge, Mass. He was the 
statel lecturer in natural science at the Massa- 
chusetts State Teachers’ institutes, 1867-77. He 
delivered public lectures upon geological and 
geographical subjects, 1867-90, giving a number 
of full courses at the Lowell Institute, Boston, 
and at the Peabody Institute, Baltimore. He 
was appointed professor of physical geology and 
geography at the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology in 1871. He was also made professor 
of geology at the Boston university in 1875; 
stated lecturer at Wellesley college, 1882-87, and 
professor of geology at Wellesley, 1888. The 
honorary degree of A.M. was conferred on him 
by the Wesleyan university in 1870. He was 
president of the Boston Society of Natural His- 
tory, 1892-97; was three times president of the 
Appalachian Mountain club; president of the 
New England Meteorological society, and was 
elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts 
and Sciences, a fellow of the Geological Society 
of America, a member of the National Geographic 
society and corresponding member of the New 
York Academy of Sciences. In 1902 he was 
professor and head of the department of geology 
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and 
at Wellesley college, and professor of geology in 
Boston university. 

NILES, William Woodruff, second bishop of 
New Hampshire and 96th in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born in Hatley, Lower 
Canada (now Quebec), May 24, 1832; son of 
Daniel Swit and Delia (Woodruff) Niles. He was 
graduated from Trinity college. Hartford, Conn., 
A.B., 1857, A.M., 1860; was a tutor there, 1857-58, 
and was graduated from the Berkeley Divinity 
school in 1861. He was ordered deacon, May 22, 
1861 ; ordained priest, May 14, 1862, and was in 
charge of St. Philip’s church, Wiscasset, Maine, 
1861-64, He was married, June 5, 1862, to Bertha 
Olmsted of Hartford, Conn.; was professor of 
Latin language and literature at Trinity college, 
1864-70, editing the Churchman, 1866-67, and 
serving as rector of St. John’s, Warehouse Point, 
Conn., 1868-70. He was elected second bishop of 


(15] 


NINDE 


New Hampshire, as successor to Bishop Chase who 
died, Jan. 18, 1870, and was consecrated, Sept. 21, 
1870, at St. Paul’s church, Concord, N.H., by 
Bishops Smith, Williams, Neely, Bissell, Doane 
the time of his 


and Williams of Quebec. At 
consecration he was a 
British subject, and 
he became an Ameri- 
can citizen in Decem- 
ber, 1873. Trinity 
conferred on him the 
honorary degrees of 
Sl. Dresin 1870 -and 
LL.D. in 1896; Dart- 
mouth that of D.D. 
in 1879, and Bishops 
college, P.Q., that of 
D:C.i; vin, 1898; “He 
was made _ president 
of the corporation of 
St. Paul’s school, of 
Holderness schooland 
of St. Mary’s school, Concord, N.H., a visitor of 
Trinity from 1870, and a trustee from 1877. He 
was also a member of the board of managers of 
domestic and foreign missions; of the commis- 
sion for revising the prayer-book and of that to 
revise the marginal readings in the Bible. He is 
the author of many essays, sermons and addresses. 

NINDE, William Xavier, M.E. bishop, was born 
in Cortlandville, N.Y., June 21, 1832; son of the 
Rev. William Ward Ninde, a well known Metho- 
dist preacher. He was prepared for college at 
Rome academy, graduated from the Wesleyan 
university at Middletown, Conn., A.B., 1855, A.M. 
1858 ; was a teacher in Rome academy, N.Y., 
1855-56 ; joined the Black River conference in 
1856, and was stationed successively at Fulton, 
Theresa, Adams and Rome, N.Y., 1856-60; was 
transferred to the Cincinnati conference in 1861, 
and ministered at Mission chapel, Union chapel 
and Christian chapel; traveled in Europe and 
Asia, 1868-69 ; was transferred to the Detroit con- 
ference in 1870, and was pastor of the Central 
church, Detroit, Mich., 1870-72. He was profes- 
sor of practical theology at Garrett Biblical in- 
stitute, Evanston, IIll., 1873-76; was a delegate 
to the general conference of the Methodist Epis- 
copal church in 1876; was pastor of Central 
church, Detroit, 1876-79; president of Garrett 
Biblical institute, 1879-81; a delegate to the 
Methodist Ecumenical conference held in London 
in 1881, and was elected bishop of the Methodist 
Episcopal church, May 15, 1884. He was presi- 
dent of the Methodist conference in China, Japan 
and Korea, returning to the United States in the 
spring of 1895, having visited and ministered to 
the missions in the Orient for several years. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by 





NISBET 


Wesleyan university in 1874, and that of LL.D. 
by Northwestern university in 1892. He died in 
Detroit, Mich., Jan. 3, 1901. 

NISBET, Charles, educator. was born in Had- 
dington, Scotland, Jan. 21,1736; son of William 
and Alison Nesbit. He was graduated from the 
University of Edinburgh in 1754, having sustained 
the entire expense of his collegiate course by 
teaching. He studied theology in the Divinity 
Hall of Edinburgh, 1754-60, and was licensed to 
preach by the presbytery of Edinburgh, Sept. 24, 
1760. He was pastor of the Presbyterian church 
at Montrose, Scotland, and during the Revolu- 
tionary war sympathized with the colonists, 
which caused dissatisfaction in his parish. He 
was married in June, 1766, to Ann, daughter of 
Thomas Sweedie of Quarter, Scotland. In 17838, 
ent of Dickinson college, Car- 
lisle, Pa., he was chosen its 
first president. He arrived 
in Philadelphia, Pa., in June, 
41785, and took charge of 
the college, July 5, 1780: 
He resigned the office, Oct. 
18, 1785, on account of a 
severe illness which had 
afflicted himself and his family. Recovering, 
however, he was re-elected, May 10, 1786, and 
immediately resumed his duties. The financial 
state of Dickinson college, which had been but 
slenderly endowed, became greatly impaired and 
the attendance grew less and less, The plans 
of the president were not supported by the 
trustees of the college, and his salary was cut 
down from $1200 to $800. Even that sum was 
not paid in full and at the time of his decease 
the arrears amounted to four or five years’ salary. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by the College of New Jersey in 1783, to 
wnich institution he bequeathed his valuable 
library. He died in Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 18, 1804. 

NISBET, Eugenius Aristides, jurist, was born 
near Union Point, Greene county, Ga., Dec. 7, 
1803 ; son of Dr. James and Penelope (Cooper) 
Nisbet. His father was a member of the con- 
stitutional convention of 1798 anda representative 
in the state legislature, having moved to Georgia 
from Iredell, N.C., about 1791. -His parents set- 
tled in Athens, Ga., and he attended Powellton 
academy, Hancock county,Ga., 1815-17, and South 
Carolina college. Columbia, $.C., 1817-18, and was 
graduated from the University of Georgia in 
1521, with the first honor. He studied law in the 
oftice of Judge Augustin S. Clayton, Athens, 
1821-22, and under Judge Gould. Litchfield, Conn., 
1822-23. He was admitted to the bar of Greene 
county by special act of the legislature ir 
1823, and practised in Madison, Ga., where he 
was a representative in the state assembly for 





[16] 


NITSCHMANN 


three years; state senator for one term, and 
a Whig representative in the 26th and 27th con- 
gresses, 1839-43, resigning his seat in congress to 
meet obligations of $30,000, as surety for a relative. 
He moved from Madison to Macon, Ga., in 1837. 
He resumed his law practice in Macon, and upon 
the organization of the supreme court in 1845 
was appointed dne of its judges and served, 1845- 
53. He supported Harrison in 1840; Clay in 
1844, and Bell and Everett in 1860. He was a 
member of the state secession convention of 
1861 and of the Confederate provisional congress. 
In the secession convention he was chairman of 
the committee of eighteen which reported the 
ordinance of secession, and was the author of 
that ordinance. He practised law in Macon 
with a brother and son, 1865-71. He was a 
trustee of the University of Georgia, 1864-71, and 
received from there the honorary degree of LL.D. 
in 1868. He was married in 1824 to Amanda M. 
F. Battle of Powellton, Ga., and they had twelve 
children. Mrs. Nisbet died in 1865. Judge Nisbet 
was the author of the first fourteen volumes of 
Georgia Reports, and his decisions are frequently 
quoted as authority on the law, both in the 
United States and England. He died in Macon, 
Ga., March 18, 1871. 

NITSCHMANN, David, Moravian bishop, was 
born in Zauchtenthal, Moravia, Dec. 27, 1696. 
His parents were members of the church of the 
Ancient Brethren, and David, in May, 1724, fled 
from persecution to Herrnhut, Saxony, became 
an evangelist and was consecrated first bishop of 
the renewed Moravian church at Berlin, March 13, 
1735, by Bishop Jablousky, with the concurrence 
of Bishop Sitkovius of Poland. He led a colony 
of Moravians to Savannah, Ga., in 1735, and on 
Feb, 28, 1736, ordained Augustus G. Spangen- 
berg and Anthony Seifferth, presbyters of the 
church, probably the first ordinations by a Prot- 
estant bishop in the United States ; John Wesley, 
who was his fellow voyager to America, being 
present. In 1740 he again visited America and 
in 1741 purchased a tract of land on the Lehigh 
river in Pennsylvania, where he formed a small 
colony from the abandoned settlement in Geor- 
gia, which he named Bethelem. He returned 
to Saxony in 1744, but extended his labors to 
New York and North Carolina, and during his 
lifetime visited the chief countries of northern 
Europe and the West Indies, making probably 
fifty sea voyages. In 1755 he returned to Penn- 
sylvania. He resided in Weissport, Pa., 1755-56, 
at Lititz, Pa., 1756-61, and at Bethelem, 1761-72. 
He died in Bethlehem, Pa., Oct. 8, 1772. 

NITSCHMANN, John, Moravian bishop, was 
born in Schoenau, Moravia, in 1703. He was a 
descendant of the Ancient Brethren’s church, 
and in 1724, through religious persecutions, he 


NIXON 


relinquished his possessions in Moravia and with 
a number of followers immigrated to Herrnhut, 
Saxony, where he engaged in evangelical work 
and in 1741 was consecrated to the episcopacy. 
He immigrated to America in 1749, to fill the place 
of Augustus Gottlieb Spangenberg, as presiding 
bishop, who had established a Moravian colony 
at Savannah, Ga. He remainedin America until 
1751, when he returned to Europe. He died in 
Zeist, Holland, May 6, 1772. 

NIXON, John, soldier, was born in Framing- 
ham, Mass., March 1, 1727; son of Christopher 
and Mary (Sever) Nixon, and grandson of Joseph 
Sever. Christopher Nixon came to Framingham 
early in 1724, and John joined the troops under 
Sir William Pepperrell in 1745, in the expedition 
against Cape Breton and in the capture of Louis- 
burg. He served in the Colonial army, 1745-75, 
except 1752-55, when he was at his homein Fram- 
ingham. He wasa lieutenantin Capt. E. Newell's 
company in the expedition to Crown Point, 
1755-56 ; was commissioned captain in 1756, took 
part in the defence of Fort William Henry, Lake 
George, 1756; commanded a company in Col. T. 
Ruggles’s regiment at Half Moon, 1758, and was 
captain in command of 108 men, 1761-62. He 
led a company of minute men at the battle of 
Lexington and commanded a regiment at the 
battle of Bunker Hill, where he was seriously 
wounded. He was promoted brigadier-general 
in the Continental army, Aug. 9, 1776; com- 
manded the forces stationed at Governor’s Island 
in New York harbor, and in the battle of Still- 
water, commanded the 1st Massachusetts regi- 
ment, in the army of Gen. Horatio Gates. 
He resigned his commission in the Continental 
army, Sept. 12, 1780. owing to ill health occa- 
sioned by his wounds. He was married, first, Feb. 
7, 1754, to Thankful, daughter of Joseph Berry, 
and secondly, Feb. 5, 1778, to Hannah (Drury) 
Gleason, widow of Capt. Micajah Gleason and 
daughter of Josiah Drury. She died, Sept. 26, 
1831. General Nixon died in Middlebury, Vt., 
March 24, 1815. 

NIXON, John, patriot financier, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., in 1733; son of Richard and 
Sarah (Bowles) Nixon. Richard Nixon came 
with his parents from Wefford, Iveland, to Phila- 
delphia, when quite young, and married Sarah 
Bowles, Jan. 7, 1728, and in 1738 built Nixon’s 
wharf on the Delaware river. He was a 
member of the city council, 1742-56, and was 
chosen captain of the dock-yard company upon 
the organization of the ‘* Associators” dur- 
ing the French and Spanish war. John Nix- 
on inherited his father’s property; succeeded 
to his business in 1756; was chosen lieutenant 
of the dockyard company, and in 1765 was 
among those who signed the Non-Importation 


NIXON 


Agreement, thus establishing himself among the 
leaders of the patriot cause in Philadelphia. 
He was appointed a warden of the port in 1766 
and one of the signers of the Penn paper money 
in 1767, He was a member of the first committee 
of correspondence ; was a deputy to the provincial 
conventions, 1774-75 ; was commissioned lieuten- 
ant-colonel of the 3d battalion of the ‘* Associa- 
tors,” known as “ Silk became 
a member of the committee of safety on its re- 
organization, Oct. 20, 1775, and frequently pres- 
ided at its meetings, being chairman of the 
committee on accounts. He commanded the de- 
fences of the Delaware at Fort Island in May, 
1776, and was put in command of the city guard 
of Philadelphia. Heread to the assembled people 
the Declaration of Independence on July 8, 1776, 
and during July, 1776, his battalion saw service at 
Amboy, N.J. He succeeded John Cadwalader as 
colonel of the ‘‘ Associators ” and joined Wash- 
ington’s army at Trenton, taking part in the 
battle of Princeton. He was a member of the 
Continental navy board in 1776; in December, 
1778, was made one of a committee of three to 
settle and adjust the accounts of the committee 
and council of safety, and in August, 1778, was 
one of the auditors of public accounts. He 


stockings ” 


was an original subscriber to the Pennsylvania 

bank in June, 1780, to the amount of £5000, and 

with George Clymer became the custodian of 

the funds subscribed. 

BANK of-NORTHY AMERICA 
*1¢8l- 


They were known as 
directors and 
handed the cur- 
rency over to 
Tench Francis, 
the factor, to 
purchase provi- 
sions for the 
army. He was 
also a founder 
in 1781 of the 
Bank of North 
America, a di- 
rector, 1784— 
1808, and its sec” 
ond president, 
1792-1808,  suc- 
ceeding Thomas 
Willing, who re- 
signed Jan. 9, 1792, to become president of the 
Bank of the United States. He married in October, 
1765, Elizabeth, daughter of George and Jane 
(Currie) Davis. His son Henry, who died, Aug. 
18, 1840, married Maria, daughter of Robert Mor- 
ris, and was the fourth president of the Bank of 
North America, 1822-40. John Nixon was a trustee 
of the University of Pennsylvania, 1789-91. His 
wife died Aug. 31, 1795, and he died in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., Dec. 24, 1808. 














[17] 


NIXON 


NIXON, John Thompson, jurist, was born in 
Fairton, N.J., Aug. 31, 1820; son of Jeremiah 8. 
Nixon, who removed with his family to Bridgeton 
soon after his son’s birth. He was graduated from 
the College of New Jersey, A. B., 1841, A.M., 
1844, and was a tutor at the poliges a short time 
and in the family of Judge Pennybacker at 
Staunton, Va., where he studied law and was 
admitted to the barof Virginia in 1845. He had 
made arrangements to form a partnership with 
Judge Isaac 8S. Pennybacker, but upon the latter’s 
death, Jan. 12, 1847, returned to Bridgeton, N.J., 
where he practised law with Judge Charles E. 
Elmer, one of the justices of the state supreme 
court, recently retired. He was a representative 
in the state legislature, 1848-49, and speaker of 
the house in 1850. He was married in 1851 to 
Mary H., daughter of Lucius Q. C. Elmer (q. hs 
justice of the state supreme court, 1852-59. He 
was a Republican representative in the 386th and 
37th congresses, 1859-63, serving on the commit- 
tee on commerce, and failing to secure a desired 
appointment as judge of the U.S. district court 
from President Lincoln in 1863. President Grant in 
1870 appointed him as successor to Judge Richard 
S. Field, deceased, to whom President Lincoln 
had given the office in 1863. He was a trustee of 
the College of New Jersey, 1864-89. In 1875 he 
was one of the four residuary legatees chosen by 
John Cleve Green (q.v.) to distribute his estate, 
exceeding $7,000,000, for charitable and benevo- 
lent objects. He was active in the old-school as- 
sembly of the Presbyterian church in 1869, held 
for the purpose of re-uniting its two branches ; 
was a member of the committee of the general 
assembly to revise the form of government, and 
the book of discipline; was a delegate to the 
Pan Presbyterian council at Edinburgh, in 1877, 
and a director of the Princeton Theological semi- 
nary, 1883-89. The honorary degree of LL.D. 
was conferred on him by the College of New Jer- 
sey in 1877. Heisthe author of three revised 
editions of Elmer’s Digest of the Luws of New 
Jersey (1838), known as Nixon's Digest (1858, 
1861 and 1868), and of Forms of Proceeding 
under the Laws of New Jersey, an outgrowth of 
Elmei’s Book of Forms. He died in Stockbridge, 
Mass., Sept. 28, 1889. 

NIXON, Lewis, shipbuilder, was born in Lees- 
burg, Va., April 7, 1861; son of Joel Lewis and 
Mary Jane (Turner) Nixon; grandson of Joel and 
Hannah (Milburn) Nixon, and of George and 
Mary Pane (Beattie) Turner, and a descen- 
dant of John Nixon, who came to New Jersey 
from Inniskillern, Ireland, about 1710. He at- 
tended the common schools of Leesburg, and was 
appointed midshipman in the U.S. navy in 1878, 
He was graduated from the U.S. Naval academy 
at Annapolis in 1882, standing first in his class, 


[18] 


NIXON 


and wassent by the navy department to the Royal 
Navy college, Greenwich, England, in 1882. He 
was transferred to the construction corps of the 
U.S. navy in 1884, and in 1890 designed the 
battleships Oregon, Indiana and Massachusetts. 
He resigned from the navy in 1891 ; served as 
superintending constructor at the Cramp ship- 















































THE OREGON. 


yard, Philadelphia, 1891-95, and established the 
Crescent shipyard at Elizabeth, N.J., in 1895, 
where among other vessels he constructed the 
sub-marine torpedo boat Holland, the monitor 
Florida, the torpedo boat O’Brien and the cruiser 
Chattanooga. He was married, Jan. 29, 1891, to 
Sally Lewis, daughter of Col. Lafayette B. and 
Margaret (Robertson) Wood of Washington, 
D.C. He was appointed by Mayor Van Wyck 
president of the East River Bridge commission 
in January, 1898, and was appointed consulting 
naval architect of the Cramp Shipbuilding com- 
pany; president of the International Smokeless 
Powder and Dynamite company; of the U.S. 
Long Distance Automobile Co.; the Carbon Axle 
Co.; the New East River Bridge commission ; a 
trustee of Webb’s Academy and Home for Ship- 
builders; a director of the Idaho Exploration 
and Mining Co.; a delegate from New York to 
the Democratic national convention of 1900, 
and vice-president of the Democratic Club of New 
York. On Dec. 17, 1901, he was appointed one 
of twelve prominent citizens to represent capital 
on the board of arbitration of the industrial de- 
partment of the National Civic Federation, con- 
vened in New York city, Dec. 16, 1901, and on 
Jan. 11, 1902, succeeded Richard Croker (q.v.) 
as leader of the Tammany Hall organization in 
New York city, which position he resigned, May 
14, 1902. He isthe author of : Military Value of 
the Shipyard (1897), and Commercial Value of 
the Shipyard (1897), both of which appeared in 
the North American Review. 

NIXON, Oliver Woodson, editor, was born in 
Guilford county, N.C.; Oct. 25, 1825; son of 
Samuel and Rhoda (Hubbard) Nixon; grandson 
of Barnabas and Sarah (Hunnicutt) Nixon, and 
a descendant of Phineas and Mary Nixon. His 
grandfather, Barnabas Nixon, was a prominent 
mover in the antislavery question in Virginia 


NIXON 


and was among the first in the state to free his es 


slaves. His father removed to Indiana, where 
Oliver attended the common schools. He was 
graduated from Farmers college, Ohio, A.B., in 
1848, and from Jefferson Medical college, M.D., 
in 1854. He was married in 1854 to» Louise 
Elstun of Mt. Carmel, Ohio. During the civil 
war he was surgeon of the 39th Ohio volunteers, 
medical director of the Army of the Mississippi 
and a member of Gen. John Pope’s staff. Hewas 
treasurer of Hamilton county, Ohio, for two 
terms ; was one of the organizers of the Cincin- 
nati Evening Chronicle in 1870, and with his 
brother, William Penn Nixon, consolidated it 
with the Cincinnati Times. In 1878 he joined 
his brother in the purchase of the Chicago Inter- 
Ocean, disposed of it to a stock company and 
became literary editor and president of the corpo- 
ration of the Jnter-Ocean. He received the hon- 
orary degree of LL.D. from Whitman college, 
Walla Walla, Wash., in 1897. He is the author 
of: How Marcus Whitman Saved Oregon (1895). 

NIXON, William Penn, editor, was born at 
Fountain City, Ind., March 19, 1833; son of 
Samuel and Rhoda (Hubbard) Butler Nixon, and 
grandson of Barnaby Nixon, a Quaker preacher, 
and a resident of Virginia. His great grand- 
mother on his mother’s side was a Cherokee 
Indian. He was graduated from Farmers col- 
lege, Ohio, in 1853; taught school in Cincinnati, 
Ohio, 1858-55, and was graduated from the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, LL.B., 1859. He prac- 
tised law in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1859-68; was a 
Republican representative in the state legislature, 
1864-67 ; president of the Cincinnati Mutual Life 
Insurance Co., 1866-71, and in 1868, in connection 
with his brother, Dr. O. W. Nixon, established 
the Daily Chronicle, of which he was commercial 
editor and subsequently publisher and general 
manager. Upon the consolidation of the paper 
with the Daily Times, in 1872, he sold his interest 
and became business manager of the Chicago 
Inter-Ocean, serving until 1875, and as general- 
manager and editor-in-chief, 1875-97. In 1897 
he sold his controlling interest in the Jnter-Ocean, 
but retained his connection with the company of 
which he was secretary and treasurer, He was 
appointed a commissioner of Lincoln park in 1896, 
and its president in 1897; was president of the 
associated press for several years ; was a delegate 
at large for the state of Illinois to the Republican 
national convention of 1896, and was appointed 
collector of U.S. customs of Chicago in Decem- 
ber, 1897. He was twice married, first in Septem- 
ber, 1861, to Mary, daughter of Hezekiah and Ruth 
(Ferris) Stites. She died in 1862, and he was 
married secondly, June 15, 1862, to Elizabeth, 
daughter of Charles and Sarah E, Duffield of 
Chicago, Il. 


NOBLE 


NOAH, Mordecai Manuel, journalist, was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., July 14, 1785; son of Manuel 
and Zipporah (Phillips) Noah, and grandson of 
Jonas and Rebecca Mendes (Machado) Phillips. 
His mother died when he wasa child, and he was 
left in care of his maternal grandfather, who 
apprenticed him toa trade. He studied law in 
Charleston, 8.C., and engaged in political jour- 
zalism and dramatic writing. He declined the 
U.S. consulship at Riga, Russia, in 1811; was 
U.S. consul-general at Tunis, with a special mis- 
sion to Algiers, 1813-19, and during his term of 
service opposed the further payment of tribute 
for the security of our merchant marine, and also 
liberated a number of Americans held as slaves. 
He was recalled in 1819 by the government, who 
considered his being a Jew a drawback to the 
success of his mission, and he engaged in jour- 
nalism in New York city, where he aided James 
Gordon Bennett in establishing the New York 
Herald, and founded and edited in rapid succes- 
sion the National Advocate, the Courier and En- 
quirer, the Evening Star, the Union, and Noah's 
Times and Weekly Messenger, the latter becom- 
ing eminently successful. He was appointed 
sheriff of New York in 1821; served as surveyor 
of the port of New York, 1829-33, and as asso- 
ciate judge of the court of sessions in New York 
in 1841. He was also an officer of the New York 
militia, attaining the rank of major, and was 
president of the Hebrew Benevolent society, New 
York city, in 1842.- He originated the plan of a 
permanent city of refuge for the Jews on Grand 
Island in the Niagara river, in 1820, which 
proved unsuccessful. He was married to Rebecca 
Jackson of New York city. His playg include: 
The Fortress of Sorrento ; Paul and Alexis, or the 
Orphans of the Rhine; She Would Be a Soldier, 
or the Plains of Chippewa; Oh Yes! or the New 
Constitution ; Marion, or the Hero of Lake George; 
The Grecian Captive; Yusef Caramalli, or the 
Siege of Tripoli, and The Grand Canal. He is 
the author of: Travelsin England, France, Spain 
and the Barbary States (1819); Gleanings from 
a Gathered Harvest, newspaper essays (1845); 
Restoration of the Jews, address (1845), and a 
translation of the Book of Joshwa (1840). He 
died in New York city, May 22, 1851. 

NOBLE, Annette Lucile, author, was born in 
Albion, N.Y., July 12, 1844; daughter of Dr. 
William and Amelia Stiles (Denio) Noble ; grand- 
daughter of Elnathan and Mary (Weston) Noble, 
and of John and Harriet (Stiles) Denio. Harriet 
Stiles was a granddaughter of Ezra Stiles (q.v.). 
Annette Lucile Noble was graduated at Phipps 
Union seminary, Albion, N.Y., in 1863, and en- 
gaged in literary work, traveling extensively 
in Europe, Egypt, Palestine, Syria and other for 
eign countries. Her stories have been translate 


[19] 


NOBLE 


into several foreign languages and had a large 
circulation in Holland, She is the author of : 
Eleanor Willoughby (1870); St. Augustine’s Lad- 
der (1872); Judge Branard’s Infantry (1873); 
Under Shelter (1876); Out of the Way (1877); 
The Queer House in Rugby Court (1878); Silas 
Gower’s Daughter (1878); Uncle Jack’s Executors 
(1880); Eunice Lathrop, Spinster (1881); How 
Billy went up in the World (1883); Miss Janet’s 
Old House (1884); The Professor's Dilemma (1885) ; 
The Crazy Angel (1888), and many stories for the 
young. 

NOBLE, Frederick Alphonso, minister, was 
born in Baldwin, Maine, March 17, 1832; son of 
James and Jane (Cram) Noble; grandson of 
George and Sarah (Spencer) Noble, and of Joseph 
and Abigail (Pugsley) Cram, and a descendant of 
Christopher Noble, a soldier in the Revolution, 
whose ancestors came to America from England 
at a date not established. He was graduated 
from Yale in 1858; attended Andover Theological 
seminary, Mass., 1858-60, and Lane Theological 
seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1861, and was or- 
dained to the ministry by the presbytery of Min- 
nesota, July 16, 1862.- He was pastor of the 
House of Hope church, St. Paul, Minn., 1862-68 ; 
the Third church, Pittsburg, Pa., 1868-75 ; Center 
church, New Haven, Conn., 1875-79, and Union 
Park church, Chicago, Ill., 1879-1901. He re- 
signed his pastorate in 1901, and gave his time to 
literary work. He was twice married : first, Sept. 
15, 1861, to Lucy Augusta Perry of Dummerston, 
Vt., who died, June 7, 1895, and secondly, July 1, 
1897, to Leila Moss Crandon of Evanston, III. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by Western Reserve college in 1872, and that 
of LL.D. by Oberlin college in 1899. He was 
elected president of the American Missionary as- 
sociation in 1898 ; first president of the New West 
Education commission in 1882, and was a delegate 
to the missionary conference held at London, 
England, in 1888; to the International council of 
the Congregational churches, London, in 1891, 
and to the second council held at Boston, Mass., 
in September, 1899, of which last he was first 
vice-president. He isthe author of: Divine Life 
in Man (1896); Discourses on Philippians (1897); 
Our Redemption (1898); Typical New Testament 
Conversion (1901); The Pilgrims (1902). and many 
pamphlets on civil, educational and religious sub- 
jects. He was a resident of Phillips, Franklin 
county, Maine, in 1902. 

NOBLE, James, senator. was born near Berry- 
ville, Clarke county, Va., Dec. 16,1785: son of 
Thomas and Betty Clair (Sedgwick) Noble. His 
parents removed to Campbell county, Ky.. in 

795, and he studied Jaw under Richard South- 
gate of Newport, Ky., and was admitted to the 
bar in Lawrenceburgh, Ind. He was married, 


[20] 


NOBLE ' 


April 7, 1808, to Mary Lindsey of Cincinnati, 
Ohio. He settled in Brookville, Franklin county, 
Indiana Territory, in 1811; served as a member of 
the territorial legislature for several years, and 
on the admission of the state in 1816 was elected 
to the U.S. senate, and was re-elected in 1821 
and 1827, serving until his death, which occurred 
in Washington, D.C., Feb. 26, 18381. 

NOBLE, John Willcox, cabinet officer, was 
born in Lancaster, Ohio, Oct. 26, 1831; son of 
John and Catharine (McDill) Noble, and grand- 
son of Samuel and (Mary Patterson) Noble. He 
attended Miami university ; was graduated at 
Yale, 1851; studied law at Columbus, Ohio, and 
was admitted to the bar there in 18538, and in St. 
Louis!) Mos sins 18bo. : 

He practised in Col- 
umbus, Ohio. 1858, St. 
Louis, Mo., 1855-1856 ; Be 
bg tie ee Pee / (fg 
and in Keokuk, lowa, 4 
1856-1861; was city iG 
Ye 2 
\ 







attorney of Keokuk, 
1859-60, and in 1861 
enlisted in the 3d 
Iowa volunteer cav- 
alry, being mustered z 
1st lieutenant and ad- 
jutant in August, 
1861, and becoming 
major, lieutenant-col- 
onel and colonel in 
this regiment. He 
was judge advocate of the Army of the South- 
west and afterward of the department of the 
Missouri. He took part in the battle of Pea 
Ridge and the siege of Vicksburg, and served 
under Gen. Andrew J. Smith against Forrest, 
and under Gen. James H. Wilson in Alabama 
and Georgia. He was brevetted brigadier-gen- 
eral of volunteers to date, March 18, 1865, and 
was mustered out of the service in August, 1865. 
He was married, Feb. 6, 1864, to Lizabeth, 
daughter of Hatfield Halstead of Northampton, 
Mass. He resumed the practice of law in St. 
Louis, Mo., 1865; was U.S. district attorney 
for Missouri, 1867-70; received the thanks of 
President Grant before the cabinet in 1869, and 
declined the solicitor generalship offered by 
the President. He was secretary of the inte- 
rior in President Harrison’s cabinet, 1889-98. He 
received the honorary degree of LL.D. from 
Miami university in 1889 and from Yale uni- 
versity in 1891. 

NOBLE, Louis Legrand, clergyman, poet and 
author, was born in New Lisbon, N.Y., Sept. 26, 
1811; son of Sylvanus and Sally (Tuttle) Noble ; 
grandson of Elnathan and Johannah (Bostwick) 
Noble, and of Jeremiah Tuttle, and a descendant 
of Thomas and Hannah( Warriner) Noble. Thomas 






= 


NOBLE 


Noble wasa native of England, and located in Bos- 
ton, Mass., as early as 1653 ; removed to Springfield 
in that year,and to Westfield about 1666. Louis 
Legrand was graduated at Bristol college, Pa., in 
1837, and at the General Theological seminary, 
New York city, in 1840. He was admitted to the 
diaconate, June 28, 1840, and to the priesthood, 
June 4, 1844. He was curate at St. Peter’s, 
Albany, N.Y.,in 1840, and removed to Perquimans 
county, N.C., the same year, where he was 
planters’ chaplain and rector of Christ church, 
Elizabeth City, 1841-44. He was married, Oct. 
80, 1844, to Sarah Ann, daughter of Isaac and 
Sally (Nygatt) Hayes of Unadilla, N.Y. He 
was rector of St. Luke’s, Catskill, N. Y., 1845-54 ; 
of Grace church, Chicago, Il, in 1855; of the 
Church of the Messiah, Glen’s Falls, N.Y., and 
Trinity church, Fredonia, N.Y., 1856-57, and of 
Holy Trinity, Hudson City, N.J., 1858-72. He 
was professor of English eee in St. Stephen’s 
college, Annandale, N.Y., 1872-80, and rector of 
St. John’s church, Ionia, Mich., 1880-82. He was 
honored by Griswold with a place among the 
American poets, and is the author of: Ne-Ma- 
Min, an Indian Story (1852); The Course of 
Empire, Voyage of Life and other Pictures of 
Thomas Cole, N.A., with Selections from his Let- 
ters and Miscellaneous Writings, Illustrative of 
his Life, Character and Genius (1853) ; The Lady 
Angeline, a Lay of the Appalachians ; The Hours 
and Other Poems (1857); A Voyage to the Arctic 
Seas in Search of Icebergs with Church the Artist 
(1861). He died in Ionia, Mich., Feb. 6, 1882. 
NOBLE, Noah, governor of Indiana, was born 
near: Berryville, Clarke county, Va., Jan. 15, 
1794; son of Thomas and Betty Clair (Sedgwick) 
Noble, and brother of Senator James Noble. His 
parents removed to Campbell county, Ky., in 
1795, and he subsequently lo- 
cated in Brookville, Franklin 
county, Indian Territory. He 
was married, Nov. 18, 1819, 
} to Katharine Swearingen, a 
# native of Berryville, Va. 
Wf He was sheriff of Franklin 
— x county, 1820-24; represented 
Franklin Suny in the Indiana legislature, 1824— 
26; was receiver of public moneys, Indianapolis 
land district, 1825-29, and governor of Indiana, 
1831-87. He died in Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 7, 1844. 
NOBLE, Patrick, governor of South Carolina, 
was born in Abbeville district, S.C., in 1787; son 
of Alexander and Catharine (Calhoun) Noble ; 
grandson of John and Mary (Calhoun) Noble, 
and of Patrick Calhoun. John Noble, native 
of Donegal county, Ireland, settled in Pennsyl- 
vania about 1733, and removed thence to Augusta 
county, Va., where he died in 1753. His widow, 
with her sons, located in what became Abbeville 






NORCROSS 


district, S.C. Patrick Noble was prepared for 
college under Dr. Moses Waddell, graduated at 
the College of New Jersey in 1806, and studied 
law under George McDuffie and John C. Cal- 
houn. He was admitted to the bar in 1809; 
practised in Abbeville, in partnership with John 
C. Calhoun, 1809-10, and alone, 1810-40. He 
was married, Sept. 5, 1816, to Elizabeth Bonneau, 
daughter of Ezekiel and Elizabeth (Bonneau) 
Pickens of Pendleton district, S.C. He repre- 
sented Abbeville district in the state assembly in 
1812, 1818-24 and in 1832, and was speaker of 
the assembly, 1818-24 and 1832. He was presi- 
dent of the state senate, 1836-38, and the States’ 
Rights governor of South Carolina, 1888-40. He 
died in Abbeville district, 5.C., April 7, 1840. 

NOELL, John W., representative, was born 
in Bedford county, Va., Feb. 22, 1816. He re- 
ceived a limited education, and in 1833 removed 
with his parents to Perry county, Mo. He en- 
gaged in milling and store-keeping, and in the 
study of law, and became a_ noted lawyer 
especially in criminal courts of the state. He 
was clerk of the circuit court for Perry county, 
1841-50 ; a member of the state senate, 1850-54 ; a 
Democratic representative from the 8rd Missouri 
district in the 36th and 387th congresses, 1859-63, 
and was re-elected to the 38th congress in 1862, 
but died before that congress convened. In the 
40th congress his son, Capt. Thomas E. Noell, of 
the 19th U.S. infantry, represented the district, 
was re-elected to the-41st congress, but died, Oct. 
8, 1867, before taking his seat. John W. Noell 
died in Washington, D.C., March 14, 1863. 

NORCROSS, Amasa, representative, was born 
in Rindge, N.H., Jan. 26, 1824; son ef Capt. 
Daniel and Polly (Jones) Norcross ; grandson of 
Jeremiah and Lucy (Chaplin) Norcross and of 
Asa and Mary (Martin) Jones, and a descendant of 
Jeremiah Norcross, who emigrated from England 
and settled in Watertown, Mass., as early as 
1642. Amasa attended the public schools and 
Appleton academy, New Ipswich, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1847. He settled in practice in 
Fitchburg, Mass., and was married, June 1, 1852, 
to Augusta, daughter of Benjamin Wallis of 
Ashby. He was a representative in the Massa- 
chusetts legislature, 1858-59 and 1862; a state 
senator in 1874+; assessor of internal revenue for 
the 9th Massachusetts district, 1862, and first 
mayor of Fitchburg, 1873-74. He was a Repub- 
lican representative from the tenth Massachu- 
setts district in the 45th, 46th and 47th congresses, 
1877-838. He was a director of the Rollstone 
National bank; president of the Fitchburg Mu- 
tual Fire Insurance company ; of the Worcester 
North Savings institution, and of Cushing 
Academy, Ashburnham. He died in Fitchburg, 
Mass., April 1, 1898. 


[21] 


NORDHOFF 


NORDHOFF, Charles, author and journalist, 
was born in Erwitte, Westphalia, Prussia, Aug. 
81, 1880; son of Charles and Adelheid (Plate) 
Nordhoff. His father, an officer who won the 
Waterloo medal under Bliicher, resigned from the 
German army and immigrated to America in 
1835, in order to have his son educated under 
democratic institutions. Charles on the death of 
his father was left to the care of Dr. William 
Nast and Dr. J. H. Pulte (q.v.) of Cincinnati. He 
attended the public schools and Woodward 
college ; worked asa printer, 1843-44; served in 
the U.S. navy on the old ship Columbus, 1844-47, 
and in the merchant marine and whale and 
mackerel fisheries, 1847-53, where he collected 
material for his books. He was engaged in 
newspaper work in Philadelphia, Pa., and Indian- 
apolis, Ind., 1858-57, was editorially connected 
with Harper & Bros., New York city, 1857-61, 
and on the staff of the New York Evening Post, 
1861-71, where his vigorous editorials in that 
paper and subsequently in the New York Times 
were largely influential in the appointment of 
the committee of seventy and the overthrow of 
the Tweed ring. He traveled extensively in 
1871-72; visited the Sandwich Islands in 1873, 
and in 1874 became attached to the staff of the 
New York Herald as an editorial writer and 
also as the special Washington correspondent. 
Upon his retirement from that paper in 1891 he 
made his home in Coronado, Cal. He was 
married in 1857 to Lida, daughter of James and 
Martha (Fallon) Letford, and their daughter, 
Evelyn Hunter Nordhoff (1868-1898), was an 
artist and the first woman to become an expert 
in artistic book-binding. He edited an American 
edition of Kern’s ‘* Practical Landscape Garden- 
ing” (1855), and ‘‘ The Tin Trumpet,” and is 
the author of: Man-of-War Life: a Boy's Ex- 
perience in the U.S. Navy (1855); The Mer- 
chant Vessel (1855); Whaling and Fishing 
(1856) ; Stories from the Island World (1857); 
Secession is Rebellion: the Union Indissoluble 
(1860); The Freedmen of South Carolina: 
some Account of their Appearance, Character, 
Condition and Customs (1863); America for 
Free Working Men (1865); Cape Cod and 
All Along Shore ; « Collection of Stories (1868) ; 
California for Health, Pleasure and Residence 
(1872); Northern California, Oregon and the 
Sandwich Islands (1874); Politics for Young 
Americans (1875), which was written for his 
young son, and adopted as a text-book in schools 
and translated into Bohemian and Spanish ; 
The Communistic Societies of the United States 
(1875), which was translated into Russian and 
French; The Cotton States in the Spring and 
Summer of 1875 (1876). He died in San Fran- 
cisco, Cal., July 14, 1901. 


[22] 


NORDICA 


NORDICA, Lillian, prima donna, was born in 
Farmington, Maine, Dec. 12, 1859; daughter of 
Edwin and Amanda Elvira (Allen) Norton ; 
granddaughter of James Instance and Sarah 
(Smith) Norton, and of the Rey. John and Annah 
(Hersey) Allen, and a descendant of Nicholas 
Norton of English descent, born in Weymouth, 
Mass., and a resident of Duke’s county, Mass., as 
early as 1669. She removed to Boston, Mass., with 
her parents in 1863, was educated in the public 
schools and studied vocal culture under John 
O'Neil at the New England Conservatory of 
Music, graduating in 1875. She sang in choirs 
and concerts and with the Hindel and Haydn 
society, and studied for a short time under 
Madame Maretzek in New York. She went to 
Europe as the soloist of Gilmore’s band in 1878, 
and sang at the Crystal Palace, London, and at 
the Trocadero in Paris. She studied under San 
Giovanni in Milan, Italy, with the determination 
to become an opera singer, and in six months 
had a repertory including ten operas. She made 
her debut in Brescia, Italy, in ‘‘ La Traviata” in 
1879; appeared as Alice in ‘‘ Roberto” at Novara, 
Italy, in the same year, and sang the part of 
Marguerite in ‘‘ Faust,” 1880. She appeared in 
the operas ‘ Rigoletto,” ‘‘ Faust” and ‘‘ Lucia ” 
at Aquilla, Italy ; in ‘‘ Mignon,” ‘ L’Africaine,” 
‘Le Nozze di Figaro,” ‘‘Le Prophéte,” ‘‘ Don 
Giovanni” and ‘*‘ Les Huguenots” in St. Peters- 
burg, Russia, in 1880, and in 1881 before Ambrose 
Thomas and Van Corbeil, who engaged her for 
the grand opera in Paris. She sang the role of 
Marguerite in ‘‘ Faust,” in Paris in 1882 ; madea 
tour of the United States under Colonel Mapleson 
in 1883, and in Berlin and London in 1887, becom- 
ing a great favorite in the latter city, where she 
received the personal thanks of the Prince and 
Princess of Wales, and was commanded to sing 
before Queen Victoria. She appeared in the 
Wagnerian role of Elsa in ‘‘ Lohengrin” at Bey- 
reuth in 1894, joined the Abbey, Schéffel and 
Grau Opera company, with whom she made 
various tours of the United States, singing Elsa 
in ‘‘Lohengrin” and [solde in ‘Tristan und 
Isolde.” Her repertory in 1903 consisted of over 
forty operas and all the standard oratorios. She 
was decorated by the Duke of Edinburgh and the 
Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, and also 
received the title of royal chamber singer, a 
brooch of precious stones from Queen Victoria, 
and a tiara of diamonds from the stockholders of 
the Metropolitan Opera House of New York city. 
in 1896. She was married, Jan. 22, 1888, to Fred- 
eric Allen Gower, an aeronaut, who lost his life 
In 1886, in an attempt to cross the English chan- 
nel. In June, 1896, she was married to Zoltan 
Démé, a Hungarian. Madame Nordica was the 
first foreigner to sing at Beyreuth, and she 


NORRIS 


created there the rdle of Elsa. She was also 
chosen to open the new Prince Regent opera 
house in Munich, in May, 1901, and re-engaged 
for the following year for all the Brunhilde réles. 
NORRIS, Frank, author, was born in Chicago, 
Ill., March 5, 1870; son of Benjamin Franklin 
and Gertrude (Doggett) Norris; grandson of 
Samuel Wales Doggett. He was prepared for 
college in the high school of San Francisco, Cal., 
and attended the University of California, 1890- 
94, and Harvard, 1894-95. He studied art in 
Paris, 1887-89, and on his return to the United 
States settled in San Francisco, and there en- 
gaged in literary and journalistic work. He was 
war correspondent of the San Francisco Chronicle 
in South Africa during the Uitlander insurrec- 
tion, 1895-96 ; associate editor of the San Fran- 
cisco Wave, 1896-97, and war correspondent for 
MeClure’s Magazine in Cuba during the Spanish- 
American war, 1898. He settled in New York 
city in 1899, and was married, Feb. 12, 1900, to 
Jeanette, daughter of R. M. Black of San Fran- 
cisco. He is the author of: Moran of the Lady 
Letty (1898); McTeague (1899); Blix (1899); A 
Man's Woman (1900); The Octopus, an Epic of 
the Wheat (1901); The Pit (1903), and he was 
gathering material for The Wolf, the last of the 
wheat trilogy, at the time of his death, which oc- 
curred at San Francisco, Cal., Oct. 25, 1902. 
NORRIS, Isaac, merchant, was born in London, 
England, July 26, 1671; son of Thomas and Mary 
(Moore) Norris or Norrice, who with their family 
removed to Port Royal, Jamaica, W.I., 1678. 
In 1690 he was sent by his father to Philadelphia 
to secure a home for the family. On returning 
to Port Royal, he found that the earthquake of 
June 7, 1692, had destroyed the lives and property 
of his family, and he saved from the wreck bare- 
ly £100. He returned alone to Philadelphia in 
1$93, and engaged in merchandising. He was 
married, March 7, 1694, to Mary, daughter of 
Thomas and Mary (Jones) Lloyd, natives of 
Shropshire, London, who were converts to the 
faith of George Fox. He went to England about 
1706-8, when he visited his wife’s relatives, 
and while in England he persuaded the Fords 
to discontinue their persecution of William 
Penn. On his return to Philadelphia in August, 
1708, he again took an active part in governmental 
affairs, having already been a member of the 
assembly for five years, and he was a member of 
the governor’s council, 1709, and of the assembly 
for nine terms, being speaker for two terms. He 
was not a lawyer by profession, but was appointed 
a justice of Philadelphia county in 1717, and serv- 
ed for several years. On the organization of the 
High Court of Chancery he was made a master to 
hear cases with the lieutenant-governor. Hewas 


mayor of Philadelphia in 1724, and declined the 


we 


3] 


NORRIS 


appointment as chief justice of the supreme 
court of Pennsylvania, as successor to David 
Lloyd, deceased. He wasa trustee under William 
Penn’s will, and attorney for Hannah Penn. He 
died at Stanton, Pa.. June 4, 1735. 

NORRIS, Isaac, party leader, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 3, 1707; son of Isaac and 


Mary (Lloyd) Norris. He engaged in the 
business of merchandising, principally with 


Great Britain, first as clerk for his father, then in 
partnership until his father’s death, in 1735. He 
was a member of the Philadelphia common 
council, 1727-30; alderman, 1730-34, and member 
of the assembly with few interruptions, 1734-64. 
He was married in 1739, to Sarah, daughter of 
James Logan. He assumed the leadership of the 
peace party, which became known as the Norris 
party. When the assembly met in October, 1739, 
the measures for defence against threatened in- 
vasion by the French and Spanish troops recom- 
mended by Governor Thomas, were opposed by 
the Norris party as representatives of the Quakers, 
who conscientiously refrained from bearing arms 
or engaging in strife. The governor objected 
to the demands of the Quakers for compensation 
for the services of their indentured servants who 
were serving in the army, and Norris obtained 
from the assembly compensation to the masters 
for such service. In 1742 his seat in-the assembly 
was unsuccessfully contested by Mr. Allen, 
the wealthy recorder of Philadelphia ; but the 
contest called out a bitter controversy and charges 
of ‘‘fraud” and ‘* bulldozing,” and a riot in the 
streets which the recorder took no means to 
suppress. He was appointed by the governor in 
1745, and again in 1755, to treat with the Indians 
at Albany, who were the owners of the large area 
of lands in southwestern Pennsylvania, and he 
secured several million acres by purchase. He 
succeeded John Kinsey, deceased, as speaker of 
the assembly in 1751. In the same year the bell 
for the state house was ordered from England, 
and Norris directed the 
inscription ; | ‘‘ Proclaim 
liberty throughout the 
land unto all the inhabit- 
ants thereof,” to be placed 
around it, and when the 
bell was cracked in 1752, 
it was recast with the 
same inscription, and be- 
came the historic liberty 
bell that proclaimed the 
signing of the Declaration 
of Independence, July 4, 
1776. He resigned the 

when 
the 

government 





speakership in 1764, 
he found himself powerless to prevent 


passage of a 
of 


the 
the 


transfer 
from 


to 
province 


petition 
the 


NORRIS 


Proprietors to the crown, and was succeeded by 
Benjamin Franklin, who signed the petition, but 
in the election of the same year, Franklin failing 
re-election, Norris was elected, and made speaker, 
but resigned Oct. 24, 1764. He was a man of 
liberal education, and possessed a library, 1500 
volumes of which became the property of Dick- 
inson college, by gift from John Dickinson. His 
daughter Mary, who inherited his estates, married 
John Dickinson (q.v.). He died at Fair Hill, Pa., 
July 13, 1766. 

NORRIS, Mary Harriott, author, was born in 
Boonton, N.J., March 16, 1848; daughter of 
Charles Bryan and Mary Lyon (Kerr) Norris; 
granddaughter of Luther and Hannah (Stout) 
Norris; great-granddaughter of Capt. James 
Stout of the Revolutionary army, and a descen- 
dent from Richard and Penelope (Van Francis) 
Stout, from William Joseph Kerr, from Richard 
and Elizabeth (Hawley) Booth, from Thomas 
Trowbridge and from Maj.-Gen. Humphrey and 
Mary (Wales) Atherton, all immigrants. She 
was graduated from Vassar college, Poughkeep- 
esi, N.Y., in 1870; founded a private school in 
New York city, serving as its principal, 1879-91, 
and was dean of women at Northwestern univer- 
sity, 1898-99. She is the author of: Frdulein 
Mina (1872); Ben and Bentie Series (1873-76); 
Dorothy Delafield (1886); Those Good-for-Naughts, 
a serial (1877); A Damsel of the Eighteenth Cen- 
tury (1889); Phebe (1890); Afterward (1898); 
The Nine Blessings (1893); John Applegate, 
Surgeon (1894); Lakewood (1895); The Gray 
House of the Quarries (1898); The Grapes of 
Wrath (1901). She edited Silas Marner in 1890; 
Marmion in 1891; Evangeline in 1897; Kenil- 
worth in 1898, and Quentin Durward in 1899. 
She also wrote a number of short stories, letters 
from Europe and educational articles, as well as 
contributions to the Methodist Quarterly Review 
and The Christian Advocate. 

NORRIS, Moses, senator, was born in Pitts- 
field, N.H., Sept. 16,1799 ; son of Moses and Com- 
fort (Leavett) Norris; grandson of Moses and 
Susannah L. (Gordon) Norris, and of Benjamin 
and Esther (Towle) Leavett, and a descendant of 
Nicholas and Sarah (Coxe) Norris. Nicholas 
Norris, of English extraction, born in Ireland in 
1640, came to America as a stowaway about 1654, 
and settled in Hampton and subsequently Exeter, 
N.H. Moses was graduated at Dartmouth eol- 
lege in 1828; was admitted to the bar in 1832, 
and settled in practice in Barnstead, N.H. He 
removed to Pittsfield and from there to Manches- 
ter, N.H., in 1849, where he continued his prac- 
tice. He represented Pittsfield in the New 
Hampshire legislature, 1837-40 and 1842, and was 
speaker in 1840. He was a member of the gov- 
ernor’s council in 1841, and was state solicitor for 


NORRIS 


Merrimack county in 1843. He was a Democratic 
representative from New Hampshire in the 28th 
and 29th congresses, 1843-47, was again a repre- 
sentative in the state legislature, 1847-48, and 
speaker in 1847. He was elected to the U.S, 
senate as successor to ©. G. Atherton, whose . 
term expired, March 3, 1849, and he served until 


his death, J. S. Wells completing the term. 


‘He was married to Abigail Brown, daughter of 


Atkins and Rhoda (Choate) Todd of Portsmouth, 
N.H. He died in Washington, D.C., Jan. 11, 1855. 

NORRIS, William Fisher, ophthalmologist, 
was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 6, 1839; son 
of Dr. George Washington and Mary Pleasants 
(Fisher) Norris; grandson of Joseph Parker and 
Elizabeth Hill (Fox) Norris, and of William 
Wharton and Mary Pleasants (Fox) Fisher. He 
was a descendant of Isaac (1671-1735), the immi- 
grant (1693), and Mary (Lloyd) Norris, and of 
Thomas and Mary (Jones) Lloyd. He was grad- 
uated at the University of Pennsylvania, A.B., 
1857, A.M., 1860, and M. D., 1861: was resident 
physician of the Pennsylvania hospital, 1861-63 ; 
assistant surgeon in the U.S. army, 1863-65 ; was 
for over a year surgeon in charge of Douglas 
General hospital, Washington, D.C., and was 
brevetted captain for meritorious service during 
the war. He was an eye specialist in Philadel- 
phia, 1865-73; clinical professor of the diseases 
of the eye in the medical department of the 
University of Pennsylvania, 1873-91; honorary 
professor of ophthalmology, 1888-91, and in 1891 
became professor of ophthalmology. He was a 
surgeon to the Wills eye hospital, 1872-91; a fel- 
low of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 
and president of its ophthalmic section in 1894 ; 
a member of the Pathological Society of Philadel- 
phia, and its vice-president in 1877 ; a mem- 
ber of the Academy of Natural Science; of the 
American Philosophical society, and of the 
American Ophthalmological society, of which he 
was vice-president in 1879 and president, 1885-89. 
He was married, July 4, 1878, to Rosa (x 
daughter of Hieronymus Buchmann, and after 
the death of his first wife he married, June 12, 
1899, Annetta Culp, daughter of George A. Earn- 
shaw of Gettysburg, lieutenant-colonel of the 
138th Pennsylvania volunteers. He is theauthor 
of various papers on intraocular tumors, heredi- 
tary atrophy of the optic nerves, association of 
gray degeneration of the optic nerves with ab- 
normal patellar tenden reflexes, ivory exostoses 
of the orbit, administration of ether in Bright's 
disease of the kidneys, etc., and of: Medical Oph- 
thalmology in Pepper’s System of Medicine ; Ver- 
such uber Hornhaut Entziindung, with Prof. 8. 
Stricker, Vienna (1869); 4 Contribution to the 
Anatomy of the Human Retina (1893); A Teet- 
Book of Ophthalmology, with Dr. C. A. Oliver 


[24] 


NORTH 


(1893); A Contribution to the Anatomy of the 
Human Retina, with Dr. James Wallace (1894). 
He also edited: A System of Diseases of the Eye, 
by American, British, French, Dutch and Spanish 
authors (4 vols., 1897-1900), in which he himself 
contributed the article on cataract. 

NORTH, Caleb, soldier, was born in Chester 
county, Pa., July 15, 1753. He was a merchant 
in Coventry, Pa., at the outbreak of the Revolu- 
tionary war. He was commissioned captain in 
the 4th battalion, Jan. 5, 1776, was in the Canada 
and northern New York campaign ; was promoted 
major and transferred to the 10th Pennsylvania, 
March 12, 1777, and served under Gen. Anthony 
Wayne at Paoli, where he formed a rear guard, 
and saved the brigade from capture. He was 
present at the battle of Germantown; was pro- 
moted lieutenant-colonel and transferred to the 
1ith Pennsylvania, Oct. 22, served in the 
battle of Monmouth; was transferred to the 9th 
Pennsylvania, July 1, 1778, and to the 2d Penn- 
sylvania, Jan. 17, 1781, and took part in the 
southern campaign. Heconducted the prisoners 
of Cornwallis’s army from Virginia to York and 
Lancaster, Pa., and Tarleton’s legion to Phila- 
delphia. He was retired from the army Jan. 1, 
1783. He removed from Coventry to Philadelphia, 
where he was made high sheriff in 1819. He was 
president of the Pennsylvania branch, Society of 
the Cincinnati, 1828-40, and the last survivor of 
the field-officers of the Pennsylvania line. He 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 7, 1840. 

NORTH, Edward, educator, was born in Berlin, 
Conn., March 9, 1820; the fourth son of Reuben 
and Hulda (Wilcox) North; grandson of Simeon 
North, of Middletown, Conn., and a descendant 
in the eighth generation of John North (1615-1691), 
who came to Boston in 1635, on the ship Susan 
and Ellen ; was an original proprietor and settler 
of the town of Farmington, Conn. (1653), which 
was the first offshoot from the church of the Rey. 
Thomas Hooker of Hartford, Conn. He married 
Hannah, daughter of Thomas Bird, and had two 
sons, John and Samuel, who were with their 
father included in the eighty-four original land 
owners of Farmington. Edward North was pre- 
pared for college in Worthington academy, grad- 
uated at Hamilton college in 1841 and engaged 
in teaching, 1841-48. He was married, July 31, 
1844, to Mary Frances, only daughter of S. Newton 
Dexter of Whitesboro, N.Y. He was professor 
of Latin and Greek, and of Greek language and 
literature in Hamilton college, 1843-1901, necrol- 
ogist from 1855, a trustee from 1881, a member of 
the executive committee from 1891, and emeritus 
professor of Greek language and literature from 
1901. He was an active member of the conven- 
tion which organized the University Convocation 
in 1863, and was president of the New York 


eee, 
CLs 


25] 


NORTH 


state teachers’ association in 1865. He was act- 
ing president of Hamilton college from the death 
of President Darling, April 20, 1891, until the 
accession of President Stryker in 1892. He was 
elected to membership in the American Philo- 
logical association ; the American Philosophical 
association ; the New York Historical society ; the 
Oneida Historical society ; the Hellenic Physiolog- 
ical Society of Constantinople, and the Albany 
Institute. He received the degree of A.M. from 
Brown in 1844, of L.H.D. from the regents of 
the University of the State of New York in 1869, 
and of LL.D. from Madison (Colgate) university 
in 1887. He edited *‘Alumniana” in the Hamilton 
Monthly from 1856. 

NORTH, Elisha, physician, was born in Goshen, 
Conn., Jan. 8, 1768; son of Dr. Joseph and Lucy 
(Cowles) North; grandson of Joseph and Martha 
(Denny) Smith North ; and a descendant of John 
and Hannah (Bird) North, Boston, 1635, Farm- 
ington, Conn., 1653. Elisha North’s father was 
a self-taught physician and surgeon, and his 
grandfather was a farmer. He studied medi- 
cine under Lemuel Hopkins at Hartford, and 
Benjamin Rush at Philadelphia, Pa. He was 
admitted to practice and settled in Goshen, Conn., 
where he was married to Hannah Beach, and 
where his son Dr. Erasmus Darwin North (1806- 
1858) was born. In1812 he removed to New London, 
Conn. He made a special study of vaccination ; 
was among the first to practice it successfully in 
the United States, and he introduced vaccine 
matter in New York. He also devoted much 
study to diseases of the eye and established at New 
London the first eye infirmary in the United 
States, in 1817. tle was very successful in his 
treatment of the new disease called spotted fever 
which was epidemic in New England, 1806-10. 
He is the author of : A Treatise on a Malignant 
Epidemic conmonly known as Spotted Fever (1811); 
Outlines of the Science of Life (1829); and Uncle 
Toby's Pilgrim’s Progress in Phrenology (1836). 
He died in New London, Conn., Dec. 29, 1843. 

NORTH, Erasmus Darwin, microscopist, was 
born in Goshen, Conn., Sept. 4, 1806; son of Dr 
Elisha (q.v.) and Hannah (Beach) North. He 
was graduated from the University of North 
Carolina, A.B., 1826, A.M.. 1831, and from Yale, 
M.D., 1883. He was instructor in elocution at 
Yale, 1830-83 and 1837-54, and published a treatise 
on ‘‘ Practical Speaking ” that became recognized 
as authority on the subject. After his resigna- 
tion from Yale he devoted himself to scientific 
and literary studies and made notable investiga- 
tions in microscopy. Some of his scientific 
papers appeared in the American Journal of 
Science. He was married in 1836, to Phoebe Sum- 
merville, who died in 1841, leaving two children.. 
He died in Westfield, Mass., June 17, 1856. 


NORTH 


NORTH, Simeon, educator, was born in Berlin, 
Conn., Sept. 7, 1802; son of Col. Simeon North, 
and a descendant of John and Hannah (Bird) 
North, original proprietors and settlers in Farm- 
ington, Conn., in 1653. He was graduated at 
Yale college, A.B., 1825, A.M., 1828; attended 
the Yale Divinity school, 1825-28, and was a tutor 
at Yale, 1827-29. He was professor of ancient 
languages in Hamilton college, Clintons Nseys; 
1829-39, and was president of the college, succeed- 
ing the Rev. Dr. Joseph Penney, 1839-57, when 
he resigned and lived in retirement at Clinton, 
until his death. He was ordained to the Congre- 
gational ministry in 1842; was a trustee of Ham- 
ilton college, 1839-84, and of Auburn Theological 
seminary, 1840-49. He received the degree of 
LL.D. from Western Reserve college in 1842, 
and that of D.D. from Wesleyan university in 
1849. He was married April 21, 1835, to Frances 
Harriet, daughter of Professor Thomas Hubbard, 
M.D., of Yale. He was the century annalist of 
Hamilton college in 1872, and is the author of : 
The American System of Collegiate Education 
(1839) ; Faith in the World’s Conversion (1842); 
Anglo-Saxon Literatur2, an address (1847); The 
Weapons in Christian Warfare (1849); Obedience 
in Death (1849), and Half-Century Letter of 
Reminiscences (1879). See Memorial of President 

Jorth (1884). He died on his farm at Clinton, 
N. Y.. Feb. 9, 1884. 

NORTH, William, senator, was born in Fort 
Frederick, Pemaquil, Maine, in 1755; son of 
Capt. John and Elizabeth (Pitson) North ; grand- 
son of John North and of James Pitson of Boston, 
Mass. John North, the immigrant, was a native 
of West Meath, Ire- 
land.came to America 
in 1730, and settled 
in Pemaquid, Lincoln 
county Maine. Capt. 
John North com- 
manded Fort Fred- 
erick and Fort St. 
George during the 
French and Indian 
war; was the first 
surveyor of lands in 





™ SOs Pemaquid, and judge 
ui! LPS 3 a 
7 of the court of com- 
bk, mon pleas from the 
~s Vz - . . . 
29): organization of Lin- 


coln county in 1760 
until his death in 1763. William removed with 
his mother to Boston, Mass., where he was 
educated and placed with a merchant until the 
closing of the port in 1774. He entered the Revo- 
lutionary army in 1775. He was commissioned 2d 
lieutenant in Knox's regiment of Continental 
artillery in which he served from May 9, 1776, to 


NORTHEN 


Jan. 1, 1777. He was promoted captain in Col. 
Jackson’s Additional Continental regiment May 
10, 1777, and led his company at the battle of 
Monmouth. 1 
regiment April 22, 1779, which became the 16th 
Massachusetts, July 23, 1780, and was aide-de- 
camp to Baron Steuben from May, 1779, to No- 


vember, 1783. ‘Steuben made him one of his — 


sub-inspectors in introducing and perfecting his 
military system in the Continental army. He 
was promoted major of the 2d U.S. regiment Oct. 
20, 1780; transferred to the 9th Massachusetts 
regiment Jan. 1, 1781; to the 4th Massachusetts 
regiment Jan. 1, 1783, and attended Baron Steu- 
ben in the Virginia campaign and was present 


at the surrender of Cornwallis. He was bre- — 


vetted major Sept. 11, 1783. He served as in- 
spector of the army from April 15, 1784, to June 
25, 1788; was promoted major of the 2d U. 8. 
regiment Oct. 20, 1786; adjutant-general of the 
U.S. army, with the rank of brigadier-general, 
July 19, 1798, and was honorably discharged from 
the service June 15, 1800. He was married Oct. 
14, 1787, to Mary, daughter of James Duane, of 
New York city. He settled in Duanesburg, N.Y.; 
represented his district in the New York assem- 
bly several times ; served as speaker, and was ap- 
pointed by Governor Jay U.S. senator to fill the va- 
cancy caused by the resignation of John Sloss Ho- 
bart, May 5, 1798, serving from May 21, 1798, 


until the election of James Watson by the legis- 


lature in 1799. He was appointed adjutant-gen- 
eral of the U.S. army March 27, 1812, but declined 
to serve. Baron Steuben bequeathed the larger 
part of his property to him at his death, which he 
in turn divided among his military companions. 
He was one of the first canal commissioners of New 
York, and a member of the Society of the Cin- 
cinnati. He died in New York city, Jan. 8, 1836. 

NORTHEN, William Jonathan, governor of 
Georgia, was born in Jones county, Ga., July 9, 
1835; son of Capt. Peter and Louise M. (Davis) 
Northen ; grandson of William and Margaret 
Northen, who settled in North Carolina, and of 
Abner Davis, and a descendent of John Northen, 
of England, who settled on the eastern shore of 
Virginia in 1635. He was graduated at Mercer 
university in 1853; taught a high school, 1854-56 ; 
was an assistant instructor in the Mount Zion 
high school, 1856-57, and succeeded Dr. Carlisle 
Beeman as principal of the school, 1857-61. He 
was married Dec. 19, 1860, to Mattie M., daughter 
of Thomas Neel, of Mt. Zion, Ga. He served in 
the Confederate army as a private in the com- 


pany commanded by his father, 1861-65, was 


principal of the*high school at Mt. Zion, 1865-72, 
and engaged in farming in Hancock county, 
1874-90. He was a member of the’ Democratic 
state convention in 1867; a representative in the 


[26] 


He was transferred to Spencer's. 


| 
} 
; 





NORTHROP 


state legislature from Hancock county, 1887-7 

and 1880-81; a state senator, 1884-85, and served 
as chairman of the educational committee. He 
was governor of Georgia, 1890-94, and in 1894 be- 
came manager of the Georgia 
Immigration and Investment 
bureau. He was _ president 
of the Hancock County 
farmers’ club, vice-president 
of the State Agricultural 
society for several years, and 
president of the same, 1886- 
88, and Preiaent of the Young Farmers’ Club 
of the Southern States, 1884. He was elected a 
trustee of Mercer university in 1877 ; was president 
of the trustees of Washington institute for eight 
years, and received the degree LL.D. from Mercer 
university in 1892, from Richmond college, Va., 
in 1894, and from Baylor university, Texas, in 
1900. He contributed to leading agricultural and 
educational journals in the south. 

NORTHROP, Cyrus, educator, was born in 
Ridgefield, Conn., Sept. 30, 1834; son of Cyrus 
and Polly Bouton (Fancher) Northrop; grandson 
of Josiah and Rebecca (Olmstead) Northrop and 
a descendant of English ancestors. He was 
graduated at Yale, A.B., 1857, and LL.B., 1859 ; 
was admitted to the bar in 1860, settled in 
practice in Norwalk, Conn., and was clerk of the 
Connecticut house of representatives in 1861 and 
of the state senate in 1862. He was married, 
Sept. 30, 1862, to Anna Elizabeth, daughter of 
Joseph Davenport Warren of Stamford, Conn. 
He was editor-in-chief of the New Haven Daily 
Palladium, 1862-63 ; was professor of rhetoricand 
English literature in Yale college, 1863-84, and 
served as collector of the port of New Haven. In 
1884 he was elected president of the University 
of Minnesota. He was moderator of the Con- 
gregational National Council at Worcester in 
1889, and assistant moderator of the first In- 
ternational Congregational Council in London, 
England,in 1891. He received the degree of LL.D, 
from Yale in 1886, and published several ad- 
dresses. 

NORTHROP, Henry Pinckney, R.C. bishop, 
was born in Charleston, 8.C., May 5, 1842; son 
of Claudian Byrd and Hannah Eliza (Anderson) 
Northrop ; grandson of Amosand Mary (Bellinger) 
Northrop, and a descendant of Edmund Bellinger, 
landgrave, surveyor-general to his Majesty’s plan- 
tations in the Carolinas, and of Joseph Northrop, 
the English immigrant, Milford, Conn., 1639. 
He studied at Georgetown college, was graduated 
at Mount St. Mary’s college, Emmitsburg, Md., 
in 1860, and attended the theological seminary at 
Emmitsburg, 1860-64, and the American college 
at Rome, Italy, 1864-65. He was ordained priest 
at Rome, Italy, June 25, 1865; was assistant 





NORTHROP 


at the Church of the Nativity, New York city, 
1865-66 ; assistant pastor at St. Joseph’s, Charles- 
ton, 8.C., 1866-68, and missionary priest at New 
Berne, N.C., 1868-72. He was assistant rector of 
the pro-cathedral and pastor at Sullivan's island, 
Charleston, S.C., 1872—77, and was rector of St. 
Patrick’s, Charleston, §8.C., 1877-82. He was ap- 
pointed vicar-apostolic of North Carolina and 
was consecrated as titular bishop of ‘* Rosalia ” at 
Baltimore, Md., by Archbishop Gibbons, assisted 
by Bishops Keane and Becker. He was trans- 
ferred by papal brief to the see of Charleston, 
8.C., Jan. 27, 1883, as successor to Bishop Patrick 
N. Lynch, who died, Feb. 26, 1882, but continued 
the administration of the vicariate of North Caro- 
lina until July 1, 1888, when he was relieved by 
Bishop Leo Haid, O.8.B. He was a member of 
the third plenary council of Baltimore in 1884. 
NORTHROP, Lucius Bellinger, soldier, 
born in Charleston, 8.C., Sept. 8, 1811; son of 
Amos and Mary (Bellinger) Northrop. He was 
graduated at the United States Military acad- 
emy and brevetted 2d lieutenant in the 7th 
infantry, July 1, 1831. He served on frontier 
and scouting duty, 1831-34; was transferred to 
the Ist dragoons, Aug. 14, 1833, was promoted 2d 
lieutenant of the 1st dragoons, July 21, 1834, was 
stationed at Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, in 
18385, and on a sick leave of absence, 1835-37. He 
was promoted 1st lieutenant, July 4, 1836, and 
served on frontier duty at Fort Gibson, Indian 
Territory, 1837-39. He returned to Charleston, 
S.C., in 1839, attended Jefferson Medical college 
at Philadelphia, Pa., and practised occasionally 
on charity patents in his native city. He was 
dropped from the U.S. army for that reason, 
Jan. 8, 1848, but when Jefferson Davis became 
secretary of war, he was re-appointed with his 
former rank and promoted captain of the 1st 
dragoons, July 21, 1848. He practised medicine 
in Charleston, §8.C., 1853-61. He resigned from 
the U.S. army Jan. 8. 1861, was appointed 
commissary-general by President Davis, March 16, 
1861, and was head of the commissary department 
at Richmond, 
Va., until . Feb. 
16, 1865, when 
he was succeed- 
ed by Gen. I. M. 
Ph Jopn. re 


was 







SAPITOL, 
"RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 


Mie ARCO —eaearae Sete 
after the battle | 

of Bull Run, that officer charging him with de- 
laying the progress of the battle by failing to 
supply provisions, which charge he denied. He 
was also charged with treating Federal prisoners 
inhumanely and with being responsible for the 


[27] 


NORTHRUP 


law passed early in 1864 abolishing the office of 
commissary of prisons. His removal from office 
was unsuccessfully contested until Feb. 16, 1865, 
when he retired to North Carolina and engaged 
in farming, but was arrested by the government 
in July, 1865, and confined in Richmond until 
November of that year. He settled on a farm in 
Charlottesville, Va., in 1866, where he resided for 
many years. He isthe author of : The Confeder- 
ate Commissariat at Manassas in ‘‘ Battles and 
Leaders of the Civil War” (Vol. I., p. 261, 1887) in 
which he defends himself against the charges of 
General Beauregard. He died in asoldier’s home 
at Pikesville, Md., Feb. 9, 1894. 

NORTHRUP, Ansel Judd, lawyer and author, 
was born in Smithfield, Madison county, N.Y., 
June 30, 1833; son of Rensselaer and Clarissa 
(Judd) Northrup; grandson of Amos and Betsey 
(Stedman) Northrup, and of Ansel and Electa 
(Jones) Judd, and descended from Joseph North- 
rup, immigrant from England, one of the first 
settlers of Milford, Conn., in 1639. He was 
graduated at Hamilton college, A.B., 1858, A.M., 
1861, studied law at Columbia Law school, New 
York city, 1858-59, and settled in practice in 
Syracuse, N.Y., in 1859. He was U.S. circuit 
court commissioner, 1870-97 ; judge of Onondaga 
county, N.Y., 1882-94; commissioner to revise 
the statutes and codes of New York, 1895-1900, 
and in June, 1897, was made a U.S. commis- 
sioner. He was vice-president and president of 
the Loyal League during and after the civil war, 
and a lay commissioner to the general assembly 
of the Presbyterian church, at Saratoga, N.Y., in 
1890. He received the degree of LL.D. from 
Hamilton college in 1895. He was married Nov. 
24, 1863, to Eliza S., daughter of Thomas Brocka- 
way and Ursula Ann (Elliott) Fitch, of Syracuse, 
N.Y. He is the author of: Camps and Tramps 
in the Adirondacks, and Grayling Fishing in 
Northern Michigan (1880); Sconset Cottage Life 
(1881 and 1901); The Powers and Duties of Elders 
in the Presbyterian Church (1890); Slavery in 
New York, a Historical Sketch (1900); Northrup 
Genealogy, and other papers and addresses. 

NORTHRUP, Birdsey Grant, educationist, 
was born in Kent, Conn., July 16, 1817; son of 
Thomas G. and Aurelia (Curtis) Northrup, and 
grandson of Lieut. Amos Northrup, Yale, A.B., 
1762, A.M., 1765. He was graduated at Yale, 
A.B., 1841, and at Yale Theological seminary in 
1845. He was married Feb. 18, 1846, to Harriet 
Eliza Chichester. He was ordained pastor of the 
Congregational church, Saxonville, Mass., March 
10, 1847, and resigned in 1857. He was agent of 
the Massachusetts board of education, 1857-67, 
and secretary of the Connecticut board of edu- 
cation, 1867-83, where he directed the movement 
for educating Chinese and Japanese youth in 


[28] 


NORTHRUP 


American colleges andschools. In 1872 the gov- 
ernment of Japan_invited him to establish a sys- 
tem of public education in that country, which 
he declined, believing that he could serve them 
better in the United States. He went abroad 
in 1871, and again in 1877, to investigate the 
educational systems of Eurupe, and the schools 
for the study of forestry and those for industrial 
education. He devoted much time to tree-plant- 
ing; originated and introduced the observance of 
Arbor Day in the public schools, and for his at- 
tention to sanitary and esthetic home surround- 
ings he was called the “ Father of Village Im- 
provement Societies.” He was a member of the. 
board of visitors of the U.S. Military academy, 
1863-64; president of the American Institute of 
Instruction, 1864-66; of the National Association 
of School Superintendents in 1866, and of the 
National Educational association in 1873. It was 
through his influence that Daniel Hand, of Guil- 
ford, Conn., gave to the American Missionary 
society $1,500,000 for the education of the colored 
people in 1888. In 1895 he visited Japan, where 
he was received as the guest of the nation and 
was also presented with a set of china by the 
Japanese government in acknowledgment of his. 
services. He received the degree of A.M. from 
Yale in 1858, and the honorary degree of LL.D. 
from Williams college in 1872. He is the author 
of: Education Abroad; Forestry in Europe; 
Lessons from European Schools, and pamphlets. 
He died in Clinton, Conn., April 27, 1898. 
NORTHRUP, George Washington, educator, 
was born in Antwerp, Jefferson county, N.Y., 
Oct. 15, 1826; son of William Northrup; grand- 
son of Remington and Amy (Knowles) Northrup, 
and a descendant (through Nicholas, Nicholas and 
Stephen) of Stephen Northrup, immigrant, of 
Providence and Kingston, signer of the ‘‘ Origi- 
nal Compact” of the settlers ‘‘19th, 11mo., 
1645.” George W. Northrup was graduated at 
Williams college in 1854, and at Rochester Theo- 
logical seminary in 1857, remaining as instructor 
in church history, 1857-58, and professor of 
church history, 1858-67. He was ordained to the 
Baptist ministry at Rochester in 1857, was pastor 
of the First Baptist church, Rochester, 1857-58, 
and preached in neighboring churches, 1858-67. 
He was president and professor of systematic 
theology, Baptist Union Theological seminary, 
Morgan Park, Chicago, IIL, 1867-92, and pro- 
fessor of systematic theology at the University of 
Chicago, 1892-1900. He received the degree of 
D.D. from the University of Rochester in 1864, 
and that of LL.D. from Kalamazoo college in 
1879. He was twice married, and by his first wife 
he had one daughter and two sons, By his second 
wife, Naomi Sayles, of Chicago, he had one 
child. He died at Chicago, Ill, Dec. 30, 1900. 


NORTHWAY 


NORTHWAY, Stephen Asa, representative, 
was born in Christian or Lafayette Hollow, Onon- 
daga county, N.Y., June 19, 1833; son of Orange 
and Maria (Graff) Northway, and grandson of 
Zenas Northway. He removed to Orwell, Ashta- 
bula county, Ohio, with his parents in 1840, and 
they occupied a pioneer’s cabin in the woods 
where he assisted in clearing a farm. He at- 
tended and taught the district school; was a 
student at Kingsville and Orwell academies ; was 
admitted to the bar in 1859, and settled in prac- 
tice in Jefferson, Ohio. He was married in Jan- 
uary, 1862, to Lydia A., daughter of Anson and 
Harriet (Rockwell) Dodge, of Lenox, Ohio. He 
was prosecuting attorney for Ashtabula county, 
1861-65, and resigned in 1865, having been elected 
arepresentative in the state legislature for the 
term 1866-68. He resumed the practice of law in 
Jefferson in 1868, and was a Republican repre- 
rentative from the nineteenth Ohio district in the 
53d, 54th and 55th congresses, 1893-98, and on his 
death in 1898, Charles Dick, of Akron, was elected 
to complete the term. He died in Jefferson town- 
ship, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1898. 

NORTON, Andrews, theologian, was born in 
Hingham, Mass., Dec. 31, 1786; son of Samuel 
and Jane (Andrews) Norton; grandson of John 
and Anne (Belknap) Norton, and of Joseph 
Andrews, and a descendant of the Rev. William 
Norton, a native of Starford, Hertfordshire, 
England, who with his brother, the Rev. John 
- Norton, emigrated to America in 1634, William 
settled in Ipswich, Mass., and married Lucy 
Downing. Andrews Norton was graduated at 
Harvard, A.B., 1804, A.M., 1807; pursued a post 
graduate course, and studied theology. He was 
a tutor at Bowdoin college, 1809-10, at Harvard, 
1811-13, and editor of the General Repository, a 
theological publication, in 1812. He was Dexter 
lecturer on Biblical criticism at Harvard, 1813-19 ; 
librarian at Harvard, 1813-21, and Dexter pro- 
fessor of Biblical criticism, 1819-30. He was 
married in 1821 to Catherine, daughter of Samuel 
Eliot of Boston. In 1828 he visited England. 
He resigned his professorship in 1830 and thence- 
forth led the life of a retired scholar, residing at 
Cambridge, Mass., and making Newport, R.I., 
his summer home, 1849-52. He received the 
honorary degree of A.M. from Bowdoin college 
in 1815, and declined that of D.D. offered him by 
Harvard college. He edited the Miscellaneous 
Writings of Charles Eliot (1814); the Poems of Mrs. 
Hemans (1826); and in conjunction with Charles 
Folsom The Select Journal of Foreign Periodical 
Literature (4 vols.; 1833-34). He is the author 
of : A Statement of the Reasons for not Believing 
the Doctrines of Trinitarians concerning the 
Nature of God and the Person of Christ (1833, new 
edition with a memoir of the author, 1856); His- 


NORTON 


torical Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels 
(3 vols., 1887-44; The Latent Form of Infidelity 
(1839); Tracts concerning Christianity (1852); A 
Translation of the Gospels with Notes (2 vols., 
1855); The Internal Evidences of the Genuineness 
of the Gospels (1855) and several poems. He died 


in Newport, R.I., Sept. 18, 1852. 
NORTON, Asahel Strong, clergyman, was 
born in Farmington, Conn., Sept. 20, 1765; son 


of Col. Ichabod and Ruth (Strong) Norton ; grand- 
son of Thomas Norton, and of Asahel and Ruth 
(Hooker) Strong, and a descendant of John 
Norton, the founder of the family in Farmington, 
Conn., whose name first appears on the records 
of the town of Branford in 1646. He was grad- 
uated at Yale, A.B., 1790, studied theology under 
Dr. Strong of Haddam, and Dr. Smalley of 
Berlin, and was licensed to preach by the as- 
sociation of Hartford county, in 1792. He was 
ordained pastor of the Congregational church at 
Clinton, N.Y., in September, 1798. He was 
married Jan. 19, 1795, to Mary Clap, daughter of 
the Rev. Timothy and Temperance (Clap) Pit- 
kin, of Farmington, Conn. He was dismissed 
from his pastorate at his own request in Novem- 
ber, 1833, and devoted himself t6 agricultural 
pursuits. He was one of the founders of Hamil- 


HAMILTON COLLEGE 














a8 Z Seb. GF 
Sc Re iain ri po Ges 
ton college in 1812, delivered the Latin address 
at the See aise tice of the Rev. Azel Backus, its 
first president, and was a member of the cor- 
poration of the college, 1812-33. He received the 
honorary degree D.D. from Union college in 
1815. He died in Clinton, N.Y., May 10, 1853. 

NORTON, Charles Benjamin, publisher and 
author, was born in Hartford, Conn., July 1, 
1825; eldest son of Major Benjamin Hammatt 
and Augusta (Ware) Norton. He was educated 
in Boston and in Sanbornton, N.H., and was 
engaged in the-book business in Boston until 
1848, when he removed to New York city, where 
he was in the house of D. Appleton & Co. until 
1850, when he went into the publishing and 
bookselling business for himself... He made a 
special study of book collections for libraries, 
and in 1852 engaged in publishing Norton’s Lit- 
erary Gazette and Publishers’ Circular, and 
Norton's Literary Letter. He published many 
important works, including the first 
Poole’s ‘‘ Index to Periodicals,” and Stewart's 
** Naval Dry Docks” and ‘‘ Naval Steamships ” of 


WwW) ee ae We 


issue of 


[29] 


NORTON 


the United States. He was elected assistant 
secretary and librarian of the Book Publishers’ 
association upon its organization, turning over 
to the use of the association his Gazette and re- 
linquishing the editorial management in July, 
1855. He served throughout the civil war, attain- 
ing the rank of brevet brigadier-general U.S.V. 
He was a commissioner to the World’s Fair 
in London in 1851; a juror of the fair in 
New York in 1853, and United States and New 
York state commissioner to the Paris exposition 
1867, residing in Paris 1867-1870, where he pub- 
lished the Continental Gazette in English. He 
was the first to propose the Centennial exhibition 
of 1873-76, and the foreign exhibition held at 
Boston in 1883, of which he was manager. He 
removed to Chicago in 1890, on the invitation of 
the managers of the Columbian exposition, to 
aid inthe organization of that enterprise. He 
edited the Civil Service Chronicle in 1888; and is 
the author of Rifled Guns and Munitions of War 
(1869); History of the Centennial Exposition, 
illustrated in colors (1877); and World's Fairs 
(1891). He died in Chicago, Ill., Jan. 29, 1891. 
NORTON, Charles Eliot, literator, was born 
in Cambridge, Mass., Nov. 16, 1827; son of An- 
drews and Catherine (Eliot) Norton. He was grad- 
uated at Harvard, A.B., 1846, A.M. 1849. While 
employed in an East India house-in Boston, Mass., 
1846--49, he sailed to the East Indies as super- 
cargo. He travelled extensively in that portion of 
Asia, made a tour of Europe, returned to Boston 
in 1851, and was instructor in French at Harvard 
in the course of that year. He travelled in Europe, 
1855-57 and 1868-73; and edited, with Dr. Ezra 
. Abbot, Andrews Norton’s *‘ Translation of the 
Gospel with Notes” (2 vols., 1855) and his ‘* Inter- 
nal Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels ” 
(1855). He was married in 1862, to Susan, daughter 
of Theodore and Sara (Ashburn) Sedgwick of 
Stockbridge and New York. He edited the papers 
issued by the Loyal Publication society at Boston, 
1862-65, and was joint editor with James Russell 
Lowell of the North American Review, 1864-68. 
He was a university lecturer at Harvard, 1863-64 
and 1874-75, and in 1875 was made professor of 
the history of art. He became knownas a Dante 
scholar and as an authority on art. He resigned 
his chair in Harvard in 1898. He was a member 
of the Massachusetts Historical society, a fellow 
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 
and of the Imperial German Archeological 
society. He received the degrees: Litt.D. from 
the University of Cambridge, England, in 1884; 
LL.D. from Harvard in 1887; L.H.D. from 
Columbia in’ 1888, D.C.L. from the University of 
Oxford, England, in 1900 and LL.D. from Yale 
in 1900. He edited The Poems of Arthur Hugh 
Clough (1862); Philosophical Discussions by 


NORTON 


Chauncey Wright (1877); Correspondence of 
Carlyle and Emerson (1883) ; Correspondence of 


Goethe and Carlyle (1887); The Reminiscences | 


and the Letters of Thomas Carlyle (1886-87) ; 
Letters of James Russell Lowell (1893) ; Writings 
of George William Curtis (1894); Letters of 
Emerson to a Friend (1899); and (for the Grolier 
Club) The Poems of John Donne (1895) and Two 

Jote Books of Thomas Carlyle (1898). He is the 
translator of Dante’s Vitta Nuova (1867) and 
Divina Commedia (1891). He is the author ofa 
large number of books including ; Considerations 
of Some Recent Social Theories (1858); Notes of 
Travel and Study in Italy (1860) ; and Historical 


Studies of Church-Building in the Middle Ages: 


Venice, Siena, Florence (1880). 

NORTON, Charles Ledyard, soldier, author, 
was born in Farmington, Conn., June 11, 18387; 
son of John Treadwell and Elizabeth (Cogswell) 
Norton ; grandson of Romanta and Dolly (Tread- 
well) Norton and of Mason F, and Mary Ledyard 
Cogswell and a descendent of Col. Ichabod Norton, 
of Goy. Jonathan Treadwell of Connecticut and 
of Col. William Ledyard, killed in action at Ft. 
Groton, Conn., Sept. 7, 1781. He was graduated 
at Yale, A. B., 1859, and continued his studies in 
chemistry in the Yale Scientific school until 1861. 
He enlisted as a private in the 7th regiment of the 
New York National Guard in 1861, and served in 
Maryland. In September, 1862, he became a 
lieutenant in the 25th Connecticut volunteers. 
He served in Gen. N. P. Banks’s expedition to the 
gulf as aide to Gen. Henry W. Birge, was promoted 
captain in February, 1863, and was engaged in the 
Red River campaign and in the siege of Port 
Hudson. Hehelped to organize and was assigned 
to the 29th Connecticut volunteers in October, 
1863. He was married, Sept. 1, 1863, to Electa 
Mélanie daughter of Gustavus Mason Richards 
of New York. He was commissioned colonel of 
the 78th U.S. colored troops in December, 1863, 
and served mainly in garrison and outpost duty in 
the department of the Gulf until the close of the 
war. He commanded a district in western Louisi- 
ana and received and despatched the troops on 
their way north on the conclusion of peace until 
he was mustered. out of the service in January, 
1866. He conducted a cotton plantation near New 
Orleans, La., 1866-67, travelled in Europe for his 
health, 1867-68, and was a member of the staff of 
the Christian Union, New York city, 1869-76; 
and managing editor, 1876--79; an invalid, 
1879--81; managing editor of the Continent, 
1881--84; of the Domestic Monthly. 1884--86, of the 
American Canoeist, 1885--87, and of Outing, 
1892--93. He was one of the founders of the 
New York Canoe club, and became a member of 
the University, Authors and Quill clubs, of the 
American Canoe association and of the Military 


[30] 


NORTON 


Order of the Loyal Legion. He contributed to 
magazines on historical and out-of-door topics 
and is the author of: Canoeing in Kannuckia 
with John Habberton (1878); A Handbook of 
Florida (1890);  Politicul Americanisms (1890) ; 
Jack Benson's Log (1895) ; A Medalof Honor Man 
(1896) ; Midshipman Jack (1897) ; A Soldier of 
the Legion (1898) and The Queen's Rangers 
(1899). 

NORTON, Charles Stuart, naval officer, was 
born in Albany, N.Y., Aug. 10, 1836; son of John 
and Mary (Stuart) Norton; grandson of Lachlan 
and Margaret Stuart and of Jonathan Norton, and 
a descendant of the Stuarts of Inverness, Scotland, 
and the Nortons of 
Troy and Waterford, 
N.Y. He wasgradu- 
ated at the U.S. Naval 
academy, June 9, 
1855; was promoted 
passed midshipman, 
April 15, 1858, master, 
Nov. 8, 1858, and lieu- 
tenant, Nov. 24, 1860. 
He was married, 
March 29, 1872, to 
Mary, daughter of A. 
M. C. Smith, of New 
York city. Heserved 
on the European 
squadron, 1858-59, on 
the Brazil squadron, 1860-61; on the steamer 
Seminole, Charleston, 8.C., blockade, Potomac 
flotilla and at Hampton Roads, Va., 1861-62. He 
was promoted lieutenant-commander, July 16, 
1862; was attached to the North Atlantic block- 
ading squadron, 1862-64, and the West Gulf 
blockading squadron, 1864-65. He commanded 
the Maratusa, the Mercedita and the Albatross 
for various periods during the civil war, serving 
constantly during that period afloat, except for 
three months in hospital and waiting orders. 
He served on the Shamrock of the European 
squadron, 1866-68, the navy yard at Portsmouth, 
N.H., the receiving ship Vermont and the navy 
yard at New York, 1868-69, and served on iron- 
clad duty at New Orleans, La., 1869-71. He was 
promoted commander, July 1, 1870, was light- 
house inspector, 1872-75, commanded the sloop 
Shawmut and the iron-clad Pussaie of the North 
Atlantic squadron, 1875-76, was stationed at the 
torpedo station, Newport, R.I., in 1877; com- 
manded the receiving ship Passaic at Washington, 
D.C., 1877-78, was lighthouse inspector, 1878-81 ; 
was promoted captain, Oct. 12, 1881, commanded 
the receiving ship Independence at Mare Island, 
Cal., 1881-83, the Shenandoah of the South Pacific 
station, 1883-86, was a member of the board of 
inspection and survey, 1886-89 ; commanded the 





NORTON 


navy yard at Norfolk, Va., 1889-91 ; the receiving 
ship Vermont, 1891-92; and was a member of the 
naval examining and retiring board, 1892-94. He 
was promoted commodore, July 31, 1894, and 
served as acting rear-admiral, commanding the 
South Atlantic station, 1894-96, and commanded 
the navy yard and station at Washington, D.C., 
1896-98. He was promoted rear-admiral, Feb. 1, 
1898, and was retired Aug. 10, 1898, but remained 
on duty as a member of the board of promotion 
until April 17, 1899. 

NORTON, Daniel Sheldon, senator, was born 
in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, April 12, 1829; son of 
Daniel Sheldon and Sarah (Banning) Norton, 
and grandson of Anthony Banning of Knox 
county, Ohio. His father was a native of At- 
takapas, La., where his family weré among the 
first English-speaking settlers. He matriculated 
at Kenyon college with the class of 1846, but left 
before graduating, and served in the 2d Ohio 
regiment in the war with Mexico. He studied 
law under his brother-in-law, Judge Rollin C. 
Hurd, in Mt. Vernon; visited California and 
Nicaragua in 1850-52, was admitted to the bar in 
1852, and practised in Mt. Vernon until 1855, 
when he removed to Minnesota Territory, and 
settled in Winona. On the adoption of the state 
constitution, Oct. 13, 1857, he was elected a state 
senator, and served in the first legislature, 1857- 
58, in the third, 1861, and in the sixth, 1863, and 
seventh 1864 and 1865. He was elected in 1865 
by the Republican legislature to the U.S. senate, 
his term to expire March 3, 1871, and William 
Windom and O. P. Stearns completed his term. 
He was a conservative Republican, and on nation- 
al questions voted generally with the Democrats. 
He died in Washington, D.C., July 14, *870. 

NORTON, Frank Henry, author and journalist, 
was born in Hingham, Mass., March 20, 1836; 
son of Maj. Benjamin Hammatt and Augusta 
(Ware) Norton; grandson of Thomas Norton, 
ship-owner, of Edgartown, Martha’s Vineyard, 
and a descendant of Nicholas Norton, who emi- 
grated from near Bristol, Somersetshire, England, 
and settled on Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., in 16382. 
Maj. B. H. Norton was U.S. consul at Pictou, 
Nova Scotia, for twenty-one years. Frank was 
educated in the Dwight school, Boston, at a 
private school in Waltham, and at the academy 
in Pictou, N.S., and was engaged in the book 
business with his brother Charles B. Norton, in 
New York city, 1850-55. He was assistant libra- 
rian and assistant superintendent in the Astor 
library, 1855-65, chief librarian of the Brooklyn 
Mercantile library, 1866-67, and then engaged in 
newspaper work. He was connected with the 
editorial staff of Noah's Sunday Times, the New 
York Commercial Advertiser, and Frank Leslie’s 
publications ; was proprietor and editor of the 


[31] 


NORTON 


New York Era, 1879-81; and on the editorial 
staff of the New York Herald in New York, 
London and Paris, 1883-91, when he retired 
from active journalism and devoted himself to 
general writing, and to the study of mathematics 
and astronomy in their relation to astrology. 
He traveled in Mexico, California and Central 
America in 1870, and in Holland and Belgium 
for the Boston foreign exhibition in 1883. He 
was one of the founders and first president of 
the American Numismatic and Archeological 
society. He contributed to current literature 
and to eyclopedias ; wrote plays which were pro- 
duced in New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia 
and St. Louis. including: Leonie, or Love Wins 
(1873); Alhambra, a burlesque (1874); Azrael, 
a fairy spectacle (1874); Cupid and Psyche, a 
burlesque (1874); and Maude’s Faith (1874), 
melodrama. He is the author of: Illustrated 
Historical Register of the Centennial Exhibition 
(1876), and The Paris Exposition (1878); The 
Rights and Wrongs of Labor (1879); Life of 
Major-General Winfield Scott Hancock, with Rev. 
David K. Junkin, D.D. (1880); Life of Alexander 
H. Stephens (1883); Romance of the Life of 
Daniel Boone (1883); The Malachite Cross (1894). 
He edited, and published (privately), in 1867, 
from the original MS. which fell in his hands by 
a curious chance—Journal Kept by Hugh Finlay, 
Surveyor of the Post Roads on the Continent of 
North America, 1773-1774, of which only one 
hundred and twenty-five copies were printed. 
NORTON, George Hatley, clergyman, was 
born in Winchester, Va., May 7, 1824; son of the 
Rey. George Hatley and Catherine (Bush) Norton; 
grandson of John Hatley and Anne (Nicholas) 
Norton, and of Philip and Catherine (Clough) 
Bush, and a descendant of John Norton, a native 
of London, England, who settled in Yorktown, Va. 
He matriculated at Hobart college in the class of 
1843, left to study law in Virginia, but abandoned 
it for the ministry, and was graduated at the 
Theological seminary of Virginia in 1846. He 
was admitted to the diaconate in July, 1846, and 
ordained priest in May, 1848, by Bishop Meade; 
was rector of St. James’s, Warrenton, Va., 1846- 
48; of Trinity, Columbus, Ohio, 1858-59, and of 
St. Paul’s, Alexandria, Va., 1859-938. He was a 
delegate to the general council of the Protestant 
Episcopal church in the Confederate States ; 
deputy to the general conventions in the United 
States, 1868-86: a member of the standing com- 
mittee of the diocese, and a trustee of the Theo- 
logical Seminary of Virginia, 1865-98. He was 
elected professor of systematic divinity in the 
Theological Seminary of Virginia in 1874, and 
president of Kenyon college, Ohio, in 1876, but 
declined both. He received the degree S.T.D. 
from William and Mary college in 1869. He was 


[32] 


NORTON 


married June 1, 1854, to Ann Burwell, daughter 
of James Keith and Claudia Hamilton (Burwell) 
Marshall, of Fauquier county, Va. He contrib- 
uted to current religious literature and is the 
author of : Inquiry into the Nature and Extent of 
the Holy Catholic Church (1853). He died at 
Alexandria, Va., Sept. 15, 1893. 

NORTON, James, representative, was born in 
Marion county, 8.C., Oct. 8, 1848; son of John 
and Pennsy (Lewis) Norton ; grandson of James 
Norton and of Jonathan Lewis, and a descendant 
of the Nortons who first came from England to 
New England, thence to Virginia near Alexan- 
dria, and then to South Carolina after the Revo- 
lution ; and of the Lewises who came from the 
north of Ireland to Virginia and to South Carolina. 
He was attending an academy at Archadelphia 
when South Carolina seceded, and he entered 
the Confederate army, and served through the 
war in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was 
shot through the body and right lung, and was 
captured at the battle of Petersburg in 1864. He 
re-entered the academy in 1865, but did not finish 
his course, and engaged in merchandising and 
farming in Mullins, 8.C. He was married May 
18, 1870, to Rachel C., daughter of Col. W. W. 
Sellers, of Marion county. He was school com- 
missioner for Marion county in 1870-72; repre- 
sented Marion county in the South Carolina leg- 
islature, 1886-87 and 1890-91; was assistant 
comptroller-general, 1891-94, and comptroller- 
general of the state, 1894-97, and Democratic 
representative from the sixth district in the 
55th congress to fill the vacancy caused by the 
resignation of John L. McLaurin, and in the 
56th congress, serving to March 8, 1901. 

NORTON, James Albert, representative, was 
born in Seneca county, Ohio, Nov. 11, 1843 ; son 
of Dr. Rufus and Clarissa (Waters) Norton, 
pioneers of Seneca county. Dr. Rufus Norton 
was a native of Utica, N.Y.,and his father, Isaiah 
Norton, an immigrant from the North of England. 
James Albert Norton was educated in the public 
schools of Tiffin, Ohio, and in August, 1862. en- 
listed in the 101st Ohio volunteer infantry, where 
he attained the rank of sergeant. He was pro- 
moted Ist lieutenant and transferred to the 123d 
U.S. colored infantry in 1864, served the regi- 
ment as adjutant, and was mustered out in 1865. 
He was married July 19, 1865, to Adeline, daugh- 
ter of Thomas Hemming, of Tiffin, Ohio. He 
studied medicine, 1865-67, settled in practice in 
Tiffin in 1867, and continued in that until 1879, in 
the meantime studying law. He was admitted 
to the bar in 1879, and practiced at Tiffin. He 
represented Seneca county in the Ohio legislature 
for three terms, 1874-80, and was speaker pro 
tempore of that body, 1878-80. He was a mem- 
ber of the Seneca County Agricultural society ; 


a= 


NORTON 


a delegate to the Democratic national convention 
in 1888, and auditor of Seneca county, 1885-92. 
He was commissioner of railroads and telegraphs 
in Ohio during Gov. James E. Campbell’s admin- 
istration, having been appointed as successor to 
William S. Cappeller, removed, April, 1890, and 
held the office during a part of Gov. William 
McKinley’s term, resigning in 1892. He was a 
Democratie representative from the thirteenth 
Ohio district in the 55th, 56th and 57thcongresses, 
1897-1903. 

NORTON, Jesse O., representative, was born 
in Bennington, Vt., Dec. 25, 1812; son of Col. 
Martin Norton, a soldier in the war of 1812. He 
was graduated at Williams college, A.B., 1835; 
taught a school in Wheeling, Va., and in Potosi, 
Mo. He was married Dec. 25, 1887, to Phoebe 
Ann Sheldon, of Potosi. He was admitted 
to the Illinois bar in 1840, and settled in 
practice in Joliet. He was city attorney ; county 
judge, 1846-50; a member of the state con- 
stitutional convention, 1848; a representative 
in the state legislature, 1851-52; a Republican 
representative from the sixth district in the 
33d, 34th and 88th congresses, 1853-57 and 
1863-65, and judge of the eleventh judicial dis- 
trict of Illinois, 1857-62. He was district attor- 
ney of the northern district of Illinois, 1866-69, 
and in 1869 removed to Chicago, where he prac- 
-ticed law in partnership with J. R. Doolittle 
until 1871. He died in Chicago, Ill., Aug. 3, 1875. 

NORTON, John, clergyman, was born in Star- 
ford, Hertfordshire, England, May 6, 1606. He 
attended Cambridge university ; took orders in 
the Church of England, and became a curate in 
Starford. He joined the Puritans and came to 
Plymouth, Mass., in 1635, where he engaged in 
preaching. He removed to Boston in 1636, and 
became pastor of the Church at Ipswich during 
the same year. He took part in forming the 
** Cambridge Platform ” in 1648; became colleague 
of the Rev. John Wilson, first minister of the 
First Church at Boston in 1652, and in 1662 he 
returned to England with Governor Bradstreet 
as agent to present to the king a petition in be- 
half of the New England colonies. He was as- 
sured of the confirmation of the charter of the 
colony by Charles II., but the conditions attached 
were regarded by the colonists as arbitrary, and 
the agents were accused of having laid the 
foundation of ruin of the liberties of the colon- 
ists. Norton’s popularity greatly decreased and 
the charge was believed to have hastened his 
death. The following estimate of Mr. Norton’s 
work appears in Dr. Thomas Fuller’s ‘‘ Church 
History of Britain,” book II, section 51: ‘“ Of all 
the authors I have perused concerning the opin- 
ions of these dissenting brethren, none to me was 
* moreinformative than Mr. John Norton (one of no 


NORTON 


less learning than modesty), minister in New 
England, in his answer to Apollonius.” He com- 
posed the first Latin book in the colonies, Respon- 
sio ad Totum Queestionum Syllogen a Gwilielmo 
Apollonio propositam ad componendas Controver- 
sias ... tv Anglia (London, 1648), and he was 
also the author of : A Discussion on the Sufferings 
of Christ (1653); The Orthodox Evangelist (1654); 
Election Sermon (1657); Life of Rev. John Cotton 
(1658); The Heart of New England Rent by the 
Blasphemies of the Present Generation (1660), a 
catechism, and some writings in an unfinished 
state, including Body of Divinity. He died in 
Boston, Mass., April 5, 1663. 

NORTON, John Nicholas, clergyman, was 
born in Waterloo, N.Y. (or at Allen’s Hill, Rich- 
mond, Va.), in 1820; son of the Rev. George 
Hatley and Catherine (Bush) Norton, of Win- 
chester, Va. He was graduated at Hobart col- 
lege, Geneva, N.Y., A.B., 1842, A.M., 1845, and 
at the General Theological seminary, New York 
city, in 1845. He was ordained deacon in Trinity 
church, Geneva, N.Y., July 20, 1845, and priest in 
St. Paul’s church, Rochester, N. Y., Aug. 24, 1846, 
by Bishop Delancey. He was assistant rector of 
St. Luke’s church, Rochester, N.Y., and a mis- 
sionary in western New York, 1845-46. He was 
rector of Ascension church in Frankfort, Ky., 
1846-70, professor at the Kentucky Military 
institute, and rector of Christ church at 
Louisville, Ky., 1870-81. He was a member of 
the standing committee of the diocese of Ken- 
tucky ; a deputy to the general convention of 
the Protestant Episcopal church for nine years, 
and a trustee of the Theological Seminary of Ken- 
tucky. He received the degree §8.T.D. from Ho- 
bart college in 1862; was vice-president of the 
Association of Alumni of Hobart, and a bene- 
factor of the college library. He is the author of 
nearly forty books, including: The Boy who was 
Trained up to be a Clergyman (1854); Full Proof 
of the Ministry (1855); Lives of the Bishops of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church, beginning with 
Bishop White (1857); followed by Bishop Seabury 
and fifteen others (1857-59); Life of Bishop He- 
ber (1858); Life of George Washington (1860); 
Life of Benjamin Franklin (1861); Life of Arch- - 
bishop Cranmer (1863) Life of Archbishop Laud 
(1864); Short Sermons (1858); Sketches, Literary 
and Theological (1872); The King’s Ferry-Boat, 
sermons (1876), and Old Paths, sermons (1880). 
He died in Louisville, Ky., Jan. 18, 1881. 

NORTON, Sidney Augustus, educator, was 
born in Bloomingfield, Ohio, Jan. 11, 1835 ; son of 
Charles Hull and Caroline Brayton (Cornell) 
Norton; grandson of Dr. Herman and Sally 
(Gibbs) Norton, and of Benjamin Clarke Cor- 
nell; great-grandson of Zenas Gibbs and of John 
Brayton, anda descendant of John Norton, one of 


[33] 


NORTON 


the original proprietors of Farmington, Conn. He 
was graduated at Union college, N.Y., A.B., 1866, 
A.M., 1859, and taught natural science in Pough- 
keepsie, N.Y., 1856-57. He studied chemistry in 
Bonn, Leipzig and Heidelberg, Germany, in 1857, 
was a tutor at Union college in 1857; principal 
of the Hamilton high school, 1858; instructor in 
natural science in the Cleveland high school, 
1856-66 ; was graduated at Miami Medical college 
in 1869 ; was professor of chemistry there, 1867-72 ; 
acting professor of physics at Union college 
in 1873, and the same year became _ professor 
of chemistry in the Ohio State: university at Col- 
umbus, and served as professor of chemistry in 
Starling Medical college two years. He received 
the degree M.D. from Western Reserve col- 
lege in 1869; honorary Ph.D. from Kenyon col- 
lege in 1878, LL.D. from Wooster university in 
1881, and from Union university in 1899. He 
was married in 1864, to Sarah J. Chamberlin, of 
Cleveland, Ohio, who died in 1868, and secondly 
in 1876, to Jessie Carter, of Columbus, Ohio. He 
edited Weld and Quackenbos'’s English Gram- 
mer (1863), and is the author of: Elements of 
Natural Philosophy (1870); Essays and Notes 
(1874); Elements of Physies (1875); Elements of 
Inorganic Chemistry (1878); Organie Chemistry 
(1884), and of various scientific and educational 
papers. 

NORTON, Thomas Herbert, diplomatist and 
educator, was born in Rushford, N.Y., June 30, 
1851; son of the Rev. Robert and Julia Ann 
Granger (Horsford) Norton ; grandson of Lewis 
Mills and Laura (Foote) Norton, and of the Hon. 
Jerediah Horsford of 
Moscow, N.Y., and a 
descendant of Thomas 
Norton, who emigrat- 
ed from Oakley, Sur- 
rey, England, to 
America in 1639, 
settled at Guilford, 
Conn., and became 
the miller of the col- 
ony. His grandfather, 
Lewis Mills Norton, 
was a noted inventor 
and genealogist. 
Thomas Herbert was 
graduated at Hamil- 
ton college, A.B., and 
valedictorian in 1873, Sc.D. honoris eausa, 1875, 
and at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, 
Ph.D. in 1875, where he made a specialty of the 
study of chemistry. He was an assistant in 
chemistry at the University of Berlin in 1877, and 
manager of chemical works of the Compagnie 
Générale des Cyanures, Paris, France, 1878-83. 
He traveled 12,000 miles on foot through Europe 





[34] 


NORTON 


and Asia, engaged in scientific research. He was 
elected professor of chemistry and librarian of the 
University of Cincinnati in 1883. He was married, 
Dec. 27, 1888, to Edith Eliza, daughter of Col. 
James D. Ames of Lockport, Ye) Lr 1906 
President McKinley appointed him to establish a 
U.S. consulate at Harpoot in Asia Minor, where 
the American college had been destroyed and 
many Americans massacred. On his arrival in 
Constantinople the porte asserted that no consul 
was needed there, and the question was not 
settled until Oct. 9, 1901, when the exequatur of 
Consul Norton so long withheld was granted. 
He became a fellow of the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science and served as 
its secretary in 1893, vice-president in 1894, and 
librarian in 1897; was councillor of the American 
Chemical society, 1892-98, a member of the 
chemical societies of Berlin, St. Petersburg, 
London and Paris, and of numerous historical, 
patriotic and hereditary societies. He made im- 
portant discoveries in the metals of the ceriun 
group and in organic chemistry, and noteworthy 
researches and discoveries along the headwaters 
of the Euphrates, and is the author of scientific 
papers relating to these researches. 

NORTON, William Augustus, educator, was 
born in East Bloomfield, N.Y., Oct. 25, 1810; 
son of Herman and Julia (Strong) Norton, and 
grandson of Nathaniel and Mary (Beebe) Norton, 
and of Elisha and Mary (Beebe) Strong. He was 
graduated at the U.S. Military academy, seventh 
in the class of 1831, and was promoted 2d lieu- 
tenant, 4th U.S. artillery, July 1, 1831. He was 
assistant professor of natural and experimental 
philosophy at the academy, 1831-33. 
from the U.S. army Sept. 30, 1838, and was 
assistant in natural philosophy in the University 
of the City of New York, 1833-38. He was 
married, Jan. 15, 1839, to Elizabeth Emery, 
daughter of Samuel Bingham and Joanna (Val- 
som) Stevens of Exeter, N.H. He was professor 
of mathematics and natural philosophy in Dela- 
ware college, Newark, Del., 1839-50; president 
of Delaware college, 1850: professor of natural 
philosophy and civil engineering in Brown uni- 
versity, 1850-52, and professor of civil engineering 
at Yale, 1852-83. He was a member of the 
National Academy of Sciences, and of various 
other scientific societies, and received the honor- 
ary degree A.M., from the University of Vermont, 
in 1840, and from Yale in 1867. His scientific 
work includes researches in molecular physics, 
terrestrial magnetism, and astronomical physics, 
the results of which were published in the 
American Journal of Science ; and read before the 
American Association for the Advancement of 
Science and before the National Academy of 
Sciences. He is the author of: Elementary Treatise 


He resigned. 


NORVELL 


on Astronomy (1839); and First Book of Natural 
Philosophy and Astronomy (1858). He died in 
New Haven, Conn., Sept. 21, 1883. 

NORVELL, John, senator, was born near 
Danville, Garrard county, Ky., Dec. 21, 1789; 
son of Lipsocomb Norvell, a Virginian and an 
officer in the Revolutionary war. On the advice 
of Thomas Jefferson he learned the trade of 
printer in Baltimore, Md., and at the same time 
studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He 
became a journalist and political supporter of 
James Monroe and Andrew Jackson. He edited an 
Anti-Federalist paper in Philadelphia, Pa., 1816- 
32,andin May, 1832,removed to Michigan Terri- 
tory, having been appointed postmaster of Detroit 
by President Jackson. He was a delegate to the 
state constitutional convention that met at 
Detroit, May 11, 1835, and was chairman of eight 
committees. He went to Washington with 
Lucius Lyon in 1836, and on June 15 secured 
from congress the northern boundary line so as 
to include the mineral wealth and territory of a 
large portion of the upper peninsula in exchange 
for a small strip of land on the southern boundary 
of the state including the territory occupied by 
Toledo, Ohio, to which exchange the second 
convention of assent, December, 1886, agreed. He 
was elected, with Lucius Lyon, U.S. senator from 
Michigan, and he drew the long term expiring 
March 3, 1841. He resumed practice in Detroit, 
Mich., represented Wayne county in the state 
legislature in 1842, and was U.S. district attorney 
of Michigan, 1845-49. He supported the Polk 
administration in the prosecution of the Mexican 
war, to sustain which he sent three sons, and six 
of his seven sons served in the Federal army 
during the civil war. He was appointed on 
March 21, 1837, one of the twelve original regents 
of the Michigan State university and served 1837- 
39. He diedin Hamtramck, Mich., April 11, 1850. 

NORWOOD, Thomas Manson, senator, was 
-born in Talbot county, Ga., April 26, 1830; son 
of Caleb Merriman and Jeannette (Manson) Nor- 
wood ; grandson of John Norwood, of Maryland, 
and a descendant of John Norwood, of Norwood 
near London, who came to Baltimore, Md., be- 
fore the Revolution. He was graduated at Emory 
college, Oxford, Ga., 1850; taught school in 
Monroe county, Ga., 1850-51, and was admitted 
to the bar in March, 1852, and established a law 
- office in Savannah, Ga. He was married, June 
2, 1853, to Anna M., daughter of George Hendree, 
of Richmond, Va. He represented his county in 
the state legislature, 1861-62; served as a private 
in the Confederate army, 1861-65; was alternate 
elector on the Seymour and Blair ticket in 1868. 
He was elected to the senate as a Democrat in 
1871, his seat being unsuccessfully contested by 
Foster Blodgett, Republican, and he served, 


NOTT 


1871-77. He was the candidate of one of the two 
factions of the Democratic party for governor of 
Georgia in 1880, but was defeated in the election 
by Governor Colquitt, re-elected. He was repre- 
sentative in the 49th and 50th congresses from the 
first district of Georgia, 1885-89, and retired from 
the practice of law in 1896, upon being elected 
judge of the city court of Savannah. He is the 
author of : Plutocracy, or American White Slavery, 
a politico-social novel (1888); Mother Goose Carved 
by a Commentator (1900); Patriotism, Democracy 
or Empire: A Satire (1900), and, under the pen- 
name Nemesis, of a series of articles in 1870. 

NOTT, Charles Cooper, jurist, was born in 
Schenectady, N.Y., Sept. 16, 1827; son of Joel 
Benedict and Margaret Tayler (Cooper) Nott, and 
grandson of Dr. Eliphalet and Sallie (Benedict) 
Nott, and of Dr. Charles D. and Margaret (Van 
Valkenburg) Cooper. He was graduated at 
Union college in 1848, studied law under John V. 
L. Pruyn at Albany, N.Y., and began the prac- 
tice of law in New York city in 1851. He wasa 
trustee of public schools, notary public, loan 
commissioner, one of the commissioners ap- 
pointed by the governor to revise the school sys- 
tem of the city, and the unsuccessful Republican 
candidate for judge of the court of common pleas 
against Charles P. Daly, in 1858. In February, 
1860, he brought Abraham Lincoin to New York 
to deliver the ‘‘ Cooper Institute Address,” which 
resulted in Mr. Lincoln’s nomination for the 
presidency. (See letter in Nicolay and Hay’s 
‘*Life of Thincoln,” Vol. Il:, p. 217). He was 
captain in the Fremont Hussars in 1861; was 
transferred to the 5th Iowa cavalry ; to the 131st 
New York volunteers as lieutenant-colonel, and 
to the 176th New York volunteers as colonel. He 
was taken prisoner at the capture of Brashear, 
city, La., June, 1863, and was a captive in Texas 
until July, 1864. On Feb. 22, 1865, President 
Lincoln appointed him judge of the court of 
claims, and on Nov. 23, 1896, President Cleveland 
appointed him chief justice of the court. He was 
married Oct. 22, 1867, to Alice Effingham, daugh- 
ter of President Mark and Mary (Hubbell) Hop- 
kins, of Williamstown, Mass. He received the 
honorary degree of LL.D. from Williams college 
in 1874, and was a trustee of Union college, 1868— 
82. He annotated with Cephas Brainerd of New 
York, the ‘‘ Cooper Institute Address of Abraham 
Lincoln ” in 1860; contributed editorials to the 
press; wrote reviews and magazine articles, and 
is the author of: Mechanics’ Lien Law (1856); 
Sketches of the War (1863), translated into Ger- 
man (1883); Sketches of Prison Camps (1865), 
translated into German (1884); and compiled and 
edited: The Seven Great Hymns of the Medicval 
Church (1866, 8th ed. 1902), and the Court of 
Claims Reports (36 vols., 1867-1901). 


[35] 


NOTT 


NOTT, Eliphalet, educator, was born in Ash-° 


ford, Conn., June 25, 1773; son of Stephen and 
Deborah (Selden) Nott; grandson of the Rev. 
Abraham (1696-1756) and Phebe (Tapping) Nott, 
of Saybrook, and of Samuel Selden, of Lyme, and 
a descendant of John 
Nott, who emigrated 
from Nottingham, 
England, to America 
in 1640, and settled in 
Wethersfield, Conn., 
where he was a re- 
presentative at the 
general court for 
several years. He was 
educated by his 
“. mother and in the 
“: office of Dr. Palmer, 
at Ashford, until his 
mother’s death in 
1788, when he entered 
the family of his 
brother, the Rev. Samuel Nott, pastor of the Con- 
gregational church, Franklin, Conn,, 1781-1852. 
He was principal of the academy at Plainfield, 
Conn., 1793-95; studied theology under the Rev. 
Joel Benedict, pastor of the Plainfield Congrega- 
tional church, and was married in 1796 to Sallie 
Benedict, daughter of his preceptor in theology. 
Upon passing the senior examination at Brown 
university in 1795, he received the honorary de- 
gree A.M. He was licensed to preach, June 26, 
1796 ; went to Cherry Valley, N. Y., as a missionary 
in that year, where he established an academy and 
acted as both pastor and teacher. He was ordained 
by the presbytery of Albany, N.Y., Oct. 18, 1798, 
pastor of the First Presbyterian church, Albany, 
and served 1798-1804. He was elected a trustee of 
Union college, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1800, and 
president as successor to Dr. Jonathan Maxcy in 
1804. Through his efforts the state legislature 
passed a law in 1805 by which financial aid was 
secured through four lotteries to be drawn for 
the benefit of the college, the management of 
which lotteries was given to Dr. Nott and con- 
ducted by him for several years. The sum of 
$80,000 was the sum first agreed upon, but as the 
drawings did not take place until 1814, the legis- 
lature made a further grant of $200,000 for which 
Dr. Nott was made personally responsible. His 
government of the college was parental, for he 
had little regard for the obedience or studious- 
ness that was compulsory, and was as a result 
greatly loved by his pupils, 4000 of whom were 
graduated during his term of office. He advo- 
cated temperance, anti-slavery and civil and 
religious liberty throughout his life. He wasa 
student of the laws of heat and secured about 
thirty patents for stoves and other devices, among 





NOT? 


them being the first stove used for the burning of 
anthracite coal, which bore his name. He re- 
ceived the degree D.D. from the College of New 
Jersey in 1805, and LL.D. from Brown university 
in 1828. In 1855 he endowed Union college with 
property worth $500,000 known as the ‘‘ Nott 
Trust Fund” of which he was a visitor, 1855-66. 
He published several sermons and addresses, 
among them the famous address on the death of 
Alexander Hamilton, and is the author of: 
Couneils to Young Men (1845), and Lectures on 
Temperance (1847). See Memoir by Cornelius 
Van Santyoord, with a contribution and revision 
by Professor Tayler Lewis (1876). He died in 
Schenectady, N.Y., Jan. 29, 1866. 

NOTT, Henry Junius, educator, was born in 
Union district, S.C., Nov. 4, 1797; son of Judge 
Abraham and Angelica (Mitchell) Nott; grand- 
son of Josiah and Zerviah (Clark) Nott, and a 
descendant of John Nott, the immigrant, 1640. 
His father, a native of Saybrook, Conn., was 
graduated at Yale, 1781, taught school in Georgia, 
1781-91, was admitted to the bar in Camden, 8.C., 
1791 ; was a Federalist representative in the 7th 
congress, 1801-03; a judge of the state court, 
1810-24, and president of the court of appeals of 
South Carolina, 1824-80. Henry Junius Nott was 
graduated at South Carolina college in 1812. He 
visited Europe in 1866, studied law in Colum- 
bia, S.C., under William Harper (q.v.), and 
was admitted to the bar in 1818. He settled 
in practice in Columbia, in partnership with’ 
David J. McCord, but in 1821 abandoned his 
profession on account of ill health, visited Eu- 
rope, and engaged in literary work in Holland 
and France until 1825, when he returned to the 
United States. He was professor of the elements 
of criticism, logic and the philosophy of languages 
in South Carolina college, 1825-34, visited New 
York in 1887, with his wife, a French lady whom 
he had married in Paris, and on the homeward 
voyage the vessel was wrecked off the coast of 
North Carolina and both lost theirlives. He was 
an essayist and lecturer, and contributed a series 
of sketches in the Southern Review, which were 
afterward published in book form under the 
title Novelettes of a Traveller (2 vols., 1884). He 
also published Law Reports of South Carolina 
with David J. McCord (2 vols., 1818-20), He died 
at sea, Oct. 13, 1887. 

NOTT, Joel Benedict, educator, was born in 
Cherry Valley, N.Y., Dec. 14, 1797; son of the 
Rev. Dr. Eliphalet and Sallie (Benedict) Nott. 
He was graduated at Union college, A.B., 1817, 
A.M., 1820; was tutor there, 1820-22; lecturer in 
chemistry, 1822-23: professor of chemistry, 1823- 
31. In 1887 he retired to a farm in Guilderland, 
Albany county, where he continued to reside 
during his lifetime. He was married in 1826 to 


[36] 


‘ 


NOTT 


Margaret Tayler, daughter of Dr. Charles D. and 
Margaret (Van Valkenburg) Cooper. Margaret 
Van Valkenburg was a niece and adopted daugh- 
ter of Lieut.-Gov. John Tayler (q.v.). He wasa 
member of the state assembly, 1850. He was 
president of the State Agricultural society, 1841, 
when he directed the first state fair, at Syracuse. 
He died in Guilderland, N.Y., May 22, 1878. 

NOTT, John, educator, was born in Albany, 
N.Y., Dec. 14, 1801; son of Eliphalet and Sallie 
(Benedict) Nott. He was graduated at Union 
college in 1823, attended Andover Theological 
seminary, 1823-25, and Princeton Theological 
seminary, 1826-27. He was ordained by the pres- 
bytery of Albany, May 19, 1827, was tutor at 
Union college, 1830-39; assistant professor of 
rhetoric, 1839-54; assistant pastor of the Re- 
formed Dutch church, Rotterdam, N.Y., 1839-41, 
and pastor, 1841-54; pastor of Presbyterian 
churches at Goldsboro and Evansville, N.C., 1854- 
61, and assistant pastor of the Reformed Dutch 
church, Auriesville, N.Y., 1861-78. He died at 
Fonda, N.Y., May 12, 1878. 

NOTT, Josiah Clark, ethnologist, was born in 
Columbia, 8.C., March 24, 1804; son of Judge 
Abram and Angelica (Mitchell) Nott. He was 
graduated at South Carolina college, A.B., 1824, 
and at the University of Pennsylvania, M.D., 1827. 
He was a demonstrator of anatomy in the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, 1827-29 ; practised medi- 
cine in Columbia, S8.C., 1829-34, and studied in 
the hospitals of Paris, 1835-36. He practised in 
Mobile, Ala., 1836-57 ; was professor of anatomy 
in the University of Louisiana, 1857-58 ; estab- 
lished the medical school of the State university 
at Mobile, in 1858, and was professor of surgery 
there, 1859-61. He served on the medical staff 
of General Bragg, 1861-65, and in 1867 removed 
to New York city where he practised medicine, 
but subsequently returned to Mobile. He was 
married in March, 1832, to Sarah Chesnut, daugh- 
ter of James Sutherland and Margaret (Chesnut) 
Deas, and sister of Zachariah C. Deas (q.v.). 
Mrs. Nott died in New York city, April 17, 1883. 
Dr. Nott denied the theory of the unity of the 
human race and is the author of: Two Lectures 
on the Connection between the Biblical and Phys- 
ical History of Man (1849); The Physical History 
of the Jewish Race (1850) ; Types of Mankind 
(1854), and Indigenous Races of the Earth (1857). 
In an article published in the New Orleans Med- 
ical Journal (1848) ; relative to the contagion of 
yellow fever Dr. Nott demonstrates with remark- 
able clearness that the disease is spread by in- 
sects and not by germs, and suggests mosquitoes 
as one of the insects. This paper was published 
fifty-four years before the ‘‘ discovery ” was pub- 
lished by the U.S. war department in 1902. He 
died in Mobile, Ala., March 31, 1873. 


NOURSE 


NOTT, Samuel, educator, was born in Frank- 
lin, Conn., Sept. 11, 1788 ; son of the Rev. Samuel 
Nott, D.D. (1754-1852) , Yale, 1780, pastor of Con- 
gregational church, Franklin, Conn., 1781-1852, 
and known as the ‘* Patriarch of the New Eng- 
land Clergy.” Samuel Nott, Jr., was graduated 
at Union college in 1808, and at Andover Theo- 
logical seminary in 1810. He was ordained, Feb. 
6, 1812, and became one of the first missionaries 
of the A.B.C.F.M. sent to India, serving, 1812-16. 
His health becoming broken he returned to the 
United States in 1816, and was a school-teacher 
in New York city, 1816-23; pastor at Galway, 
N.Y., 1823-29, and at Wareham, Mass., 1829-49, 
and founder and proprietor of a private academy 
at Wareham, 1849-66. In 1866 he returned from 
active labor and resided at Wareham and at 
Hartford, Conn. He is the author of: Sixteen 
Years’ Preaching and Procedure at Warehain 
(1845) ; Slavery and the Remedy (1856); and 
various published sermons and addresses. He 
died in Hartford, Conn., June 1, 1869. 

NOURSE, Elizabeth, artist, was born in Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio; daughter of Caleb E. and Eliza- 
beth Le Breton (Rogers) Nourse ; and a descend- 
ant of an old Huguenot family, who settled in 
Massachusetts where her parents were born ; 
and of Rebecca Nourse, who was hanged as a 
witch near Salem, July 19, 1692. Elizabeth 
Nourse studied art in Cincinnati and then in 
Paris, under Boulanger, Lefebvre and Julian, 
where she opened a studio of her own. She then 
worked independently under the criticism of 
such men as Carolus-Duran and Dagnan-Bouveret. 
In the summer of 1901 she was elected sociétaire 
of the Société Nationale des Beaux Arts, which 
honor entitled her to exhibit in the annual 
salon without submitting her pictures to the jury. 
Ten of her works were shown in the New Salon 
of 1902, an honor never before conferred upon an 
American woman. She chose as subjects the 
rugged types of peasant life. 

NOURSE, Henry Stedman, civil engineer, was 
born in Lancaster, Mass., April 9, 1831; son of 
Stedman and Patty (Howard) Nourse ; grand- 
son of Oliver and Mary (Houghton) Nourse, and 
of George and Parnel (Ames) Howard ; and a 
descendant of Francis and Rebecca (Towne) 
Nurse (the latter judicially murdered as a witch 
on Gallows Hill, Salem, July 19, 1692) and of 
John Howard, immigrant to Duxbury before 1643, 
representative, 1678; also of John and Priscilla 
(Mullins) Alden, Mayflower pilgrims, through 
their daughter Ruth. He was graduated from 
Harvard college. A.B., 1858, A.M., 1856, and was 
professor of ancient languages at Phillips Exeter 
academy, 1853-55. During the civil war he served 
in the Federal army as captain in the 55th Illinois 
volunteer infantry and as commissary of musters 


[37] 


NOURSE 


of the 17th army corps, 1861-65. He was con- 
structional engineer and superintendent of the 
Bessemer steel works, Steelton, Pa., 1866-74. He 
was a Republican representative in the Massa- 
chusetts legislature in 1883; state senator, 1883- 
86; a trustee of the Worcester Insane hospital, 
1888-98 ; a member of the Massachusetts Free 
Public Library commission, 1890-1903 ; a member 
of the Massachusetts board of charity, 1898-1908, 
and became a member of the Massachusetts His- 
torical society, of the American Antiquarian soci- 
ety and of kindred organizations. He is the author 
of: Early Records of Lancaster, 1643-1725 (1884); 
The Story of the 55th Regiment of Illinois In- 
fantry (1887) ; The Military Annals of Lancaster, 
1740-1865 (1889) ; The Birth, Marriage and Death 
Register, etc., of Lancaster, 1843-50 (1890) ; His- 
tory of the Town of Harvard, Mass. (1891); The 
Ninth Report of the Free Public Library Comimis- 
sion (1899), and many pamphlets and: contribu- 
tions to historical and literary publications. 
NOURSE, Joseph, treasury official, was born 
in London, England, July 16, 1754. He immi- 
grated with his parents, who were Presbyterians 
(the family including his brother Michael who 
became a colonel in the American army), and 
they settled in Virginia in 1769. He reached his 
majority when the Revolution broke out, and he 
entered the army as secretary to Gen, Charles 
Lee in March, 1776, and served with that general 
while he was engaged in organizing the cavalry 
of Virginia. He was made assistant adjutant- 
general’s clerk and paymaster of the board of 
war, serving in that capacity, 1777-81, and as 
register of the U.S. treasury, 1781-1829. He was 
a vice-president of the American Bible society, 
1816-41, He died near Washington, Sept. 1, 1841. 
NOURSE, Joseph Everett, clergyman, was 
born in Washington, D.C., April 17, 1819; son of 
Col. Michael and Mary (Rittenhouse) Nourse. 
Col. Michael Nourse came from London, England, 
with his brother Joseph (q.v.) in 1769; settled in 
Virginia, served in the Revolutionary army, 
and afterward resided in Washington, D.C, 
Joseph attended the classical academy of Salmon 
P. Chase in Washington, D.C., and was graduated 
at Jefferson college, Pa., in 1837. He taught in 
Rittenhouse academy, Washington, D.C., 1837-40, 
and was principal of that institution, 1840-49, 
He was married Dee. 21, 1841, to Sarah, daughter 
of Thomas C. Wright. He was licensed to 
preach by the presbytery of Baltimore in May, 
1849 ; was professor of ethics and English studies 
and acting chaplain at the U.S. Naval academy, 
1850-64, and professor of mathematics, 1864-81. 
He was stated supply at Fort Adams, 1861-65 : on 
duty at the naval observatory, 1865-79, and on 
special duty in the U.S. Naval department, 
1879-81. He was also a stated supply at the 


NOYES 


Fifteenth Street Presbyterian church, Washing- 
ton, D.C., 1876-86, and at Clifton, Va., 1886-89. 
He represented the U.S. government at the Inter- 
national geographical congress that met in Paris 
in 1875. He is the author of: The Maritime 
Canal of Suez; Brief Memoir of the Enterprise 
and Comparison of its Probable Results with those 
of a Ship-Canal across Darien (1869); Astronom- 
ical and Meteorological Observations (1871); 
Memoir of the Founding and Progress of the U.S. 
Naval Observatory (1873); Medals Awarded to 
American Arctie Explorers by Foreign Societies 
(1876); Narrative of the Second Arctic Explora- 
tion by Charles F. Hall (1879); American Ea- 
ploration in the Ice Zones (1884): and The Mari- 
time Canal of Suez from its Inauguration Nov. 
17, 1869, to the Year 1884 (1884). He died in 
Washington, D.C., Oct. 8, 1889. 

NOVY, Frederick George, bacteriologist and 
chemist, was born in Chicago, Ill, Dec. 9, 1864; 
son of Joseph and Frances Novy. He was grad- 
uated at the University of Michigan, B.S.(chem- 
istry) 1886, Sc.D., 1890, M.D., 1891; was assistant 
in organic chemistry; 1887; instructor in hygiene. 
and physiological chemistry, 1887-91; assistant 
professor of the same, 1891-93,and in 1893 was. 
made junior professor. He was married in 1891, 
to Grace, daughter of Dr. V. D. Garwood of Ann 
Arbor, Mich. He studied in Koch’s laboratory, 
Berlin, 1888, in Prague, 1894 and in Pasteur In- 
stitute, Paris, 1897. He was U.S. commissioner 
to investigate the plague of 1901. In January, 
1902, with Professor P. C. Freer, he announced 
the discovery of the germicidal action of the or- 
ganic peroxides which under the designation of 
acetozone or benzozone have come to be widely 
known. He is the author of numerous papers 
besides the following works: Cocaine and its 
Derivatives (1887) ; Laboratory Work in Bacteri- 
ology (2 ed.) and Laboratory Work in Physiologi- 
eal Chemistry (2ed.),and joint author with 
Vaughan of Cellular Toxins (4 ed.), which became 
arecognized standard text-book in the universities 
of the United States. 

NOYES, Arthur Amos, chemist, was born in 
Newburyport, Mass., Sept. 18, 1866; son of Amos 
and Anna (Andrews) Noyes; grandson of David 
and Harriet (Cook) Noyes, and of James Henry 
and Ruth (Bott) Andrews, and a descendant of 
Nicholas Noyes, of Newbury, Mass., who came 
to America from England in 1635. He was grad- 
uated from the Massachusetts Institute of Tech-. 
nology, BS., 1886, M.S., 1887; was assistant and 
aS Une In organic chemistry at the institute, 
1887-88, and 1890-93; was graduated from the. 
University of Leipzig, Ph.D. in 1890, and was ap- 
Maseachueetiawahaie of ek tea 
7 ce se as itute of Technology in 1894. 

vew of American Chemical Re- 


NOYES 


search, published monthly by the American 
Chemical society, and is the author of: A De- 
tailed Course of Qualitative Chemical Analysis of 
Inorganic Substances (1895); The General Prin- 
ciples of Physical Science (1901); and, with S. P. 
Mulliken, Laboratory Experiments on the Class 
Reactions and Identification of Organic Sub- 
stances (1899); also of forty original papers de- 
scribing reseaches in theoretical and organic 
chemistry. 

NOYES, Edward Follensbee, governor of Ohio, 
was born in Haverhill, Mass., Oct. 3, 1882; son 
of Theodore and Hannah (Stevens) Greely Noyes. 
He learned the printer’s trade in Dover, N.H., 
prepared for college at Kingston academy, grad- 
uated at Dartmouth college in 1857, and studied 
law under William Wier Stickney and Amos 


Tuck, at Exeter, N.H. He was graduated at the | 


Cincinnati Law school in 1858, practised in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1858-61, and enlisted in the 
39th Ohio volunteer infantry. He was appointed 
major of the regiment, July’8, 1861, served in 
the Missouri campaign of that year; at the siege 
of New Madrid, Island No. 10, and Corinth, and 
was promoted lieutenant-colonel, July 8, 1862, 
and colonel, Oct. 1, 1862. He was with his 
regiment in the battles of Iuka, Parker’s Cross 
Roads, Resaca, Dallas, and Bluff Mills, Ga., where 
he lost a leg, while leading an assault upon the 
enemy’s works, July 4, 1864. He took command 
of Camp Dennison, Ohio, in the autumn of 1864; 
was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers, 
March 13, 1865, and left the army April 22, 1865. 
He was married, Feb. 15, 1863, to Margaretta, 
daughter of Benjamin Proctor of Kingston, Ohio, 
He was city solicitor of Cincinnati, 1865-67; 
judge of the probate court for Hamilton county, 
1867-70, and was elected governor of Ohio by 
the Republican party in 1871, 
serving, 1871-73. He was de- 
feated for re-election in 1873, 
by William Allen, Democrat, 
was appointed U.S. minister 
to France by President Hayes 
in 1877, and made several of- 
ficial visits to Turkey during 
the Russo-Turkish war, and was a special U.S. 
commissioner to the Paris exposition. He re- 
turned in August, 1881, resumed the practice of 
law in Cincinnati, and was elected judge of the 
superior court of Hamilton county for a term of 
five years in 1889. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
Sept. 4, 1890. 

NOYES, George Rapall, theologian, was born 
in Newburyport, Mass., March 6, 1798; son of 
Nathaniel and Mary (Rapall) Noyes; and a de- 
scendant of William Noyes who was instituted 
rector of Cholderton, Wiltshire, England, in 1602, 
and of his son Nicholas, who with his brother the 





NOYES 


Rev. James Noyes, came to Ipswich, Mass., in the 
Mary and John in 1604. He was fitted for college 
at Newburyport academy, and was graduated at 
Harvard, A.B., 1818, A.M., 1821. During his 
college course he taught school three winters and 
after leaving college took charge of the academy 
in Framingham for one year. He studied atthe 
Cambridge divinity school, 1819-22, and 
licensed to preach in 1822, but remained in 
Cambridge as a teacher until 1825, then as tutor 
in the college until 1827, devoting his spare time 
to the study of the Hebrew and Greek scriptures 
and literature. He was married, May 8, 1828, to 
Eliza Wheeler Buttrick, of Framingham, Mass. 
He was pastor of the First Congregational church 
at Brookfield, 1827-34; pastor of the First Uni- 
tarian society at Petersham, Mass., 1834-40; and 
Hancock professor of Hebrew and other oriental 
languages, and Dexter lecturer on biblical litera- 
ture at Harvard college, 1840-68. He received 
the honorary degree of S.T.D. from Harvard in 
1839, was chosen a fellow of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1844, and was 
generally recognized as an eminent Greek and 
Hebrew scholar. His published works include: 
An Amended Version of the Book of Job, with 
Introduction and Notes (1827); A New Transla- 
tion of the Book of Psalms (1881): A New 
Translation of the Hebrew Prophets arranged in 
Chronological Order (8 vols., 1883-87); A New 
Translation of the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and the 
Canticles (1846); Theological Essays from Various 
Authors (1856);anda The New Testament Translated 
from the Greek Text of Tischendorf (1869). He 
also published numerous tracts, sermons and 
periodical articles. A revised edition in. four 
volumes of his old testament translations was 
published in 1867-68. He died in Cambridge, 
Mass., June 3, 1868. 

NOYES, Stephen Buttrick, librarian, was 
born in Brookfield, Mass., Aug. 28, 1833; son of 
the Rev. George Rapall and Eliza Wheeler 
(Buttrick) Noyes. He wasgraduated at Harvard 
in 1853, and removed to Brooklyn, N.Y., in 1857 
to take charge of the library of the Brooklyn 
Athenzum which under his direction outgrew 
its home and became the Mercantile library and 
later the Brooklyn library. He assisted Ains- 
worth R. Spofford, the librarian of Congress, 
Washington, D.C., 1866-68, and in 1871-81 pre- 
pared a complete cross-reference catalogue of 
the 60,000 volumes in the Brooklyn library which 
was published in 1881 and accepted by librarians 
of the United States and England asa model. 
He died in Deland, Fla., March 8, 1885. 

NOYES, Theodore William, editor, was born 
in Washington, D.C., Jan. 26, 1858 ; son of Crosby 
Stuart and Elizabeth Selina (Williams) Noyes. 
He was graduated from Columbian university, 


was 


[39] 


NOYES 


A.M., 1877, and from the Columbian Law school, 
LL.B., 1882, LL.M., 1883. He was a reporter on 
the Washington Star, 1877-81; practised law in 
South Dakota, 1883-87, and assumed the editor- 
ship of the Washington Star in 1887. He was 
chosen a trustee of the Columbian university in 
1889 ; was elected president of the Alumni associa- 
tion in 1891; became president of the board of 
trustees of the Washington Public library in 
1896, and of the Washington board of trade in 
1897. He is the author of: The National Capital 
(1893); Newspaper Libels (1894); Notes of Travel 
(1894); War of the Metals (1899); and Conditions 
in the Philippines (1900). 

NOYES, William Curtis, jurist, was born in 
Schodack, Rensselaer county, N.Y., Aug. 19, 
1805; son of George and — (Friend) Noyes, 
and a descendant of the Rev. James and Sarah 
(Brown) Noyes. The Rev. James Noyes, a na- 
tive of Cholderton, Wiltshire, England, immi- 
grated to America in 1634, and settled in Newbury, 
Mass., in 1635. William Curtis Noyes studied 
law in Albany, N.Y., 1819, and with Judge 
S. B. Ludlow, in Nassau, N.Y., 1820-21. He re- 
moved to Whitesboro, Oneida county, with his 
parents, completed his law studies under Henry 
R. Storrs, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. 
He practised in Rome, N.Y., and afterward in 
Utica, was district attorney of Oneida county, 
and removed to New York city in 1838. He was 
a commissioner with Alexander W. Bradford and 
David Dudley Field to codify the laws of the 
state, 1857-64; wasthe defeated Republican can- 
didate for attorney-general of the state in 1857, 
and was appointed by the state legislature a 
membér of the Peace commission in 1861. He 
was one of the popular Republican candidates 
for the nomination to the U.S. senate in 1861, 
and was prominently supported as an available 
successor to Chief-Justice Taney in 1864. He 
was said to have no equal as an equity lawyer 
and as a cross-examiner. He served on the 
executive committee of the American Temperance 
union; wasa member of the charitable committee, 
and was also president of the New England 
society. Hamilton college gave him the honor- 
ary degree of LL.D. in 1856, and he bequeathed 
to that institution his valuable law library, 
containing over 5000 volumes. 
York city, Dec. 25, 1864. 

NUCKOLLS, William Thompson, representa- 
tive, was born near Hancockville, on the Pacolet 
river, Union district, S.C., Feb. 28, 1801; son of 
John and Nancy (Thompson) Nuckolls, and grand- 
son of Johnand Agatha (Bullock) Nuckolls of Vir- 
ginia, who removed to Spartanburg district, 8.C., 
about 1770 and made the settlement of Whig Hill. 
John Nuckolls, Sr., joined the patriots, and about 
1779 was killed by the Tories while at a mill, his 





He died in New 


[40] 


NUNNALLY 


young son John, who was with him, escaping. 
The family was of English origin. William 
Thompson Nuckolls was graduated at South 
Carolina college in 1820, and became a lawyer at 
Spartanburg C.H., S.C. He was admitted to 
the bar in 1823, and was a friend of John C. Cal- 
houn, who said of him that he was one of the 
best informed men in public life. He was a 
representative from the ninth South Carolina 
district in the 20th, 21st and 22d congresses, 1827— 
33. He married his cousin, Susan Dawkins, and 
they had no children, He died on his plantation 
near Hancockville, 8.C., Sept. 27, 1855. 

NUNN, David Alexander, representative, was 
born in Haywood county, Tenn,, July 26, 18383 ; 
son of David and Alice (Koonce) Nunn, both na- 
tives of North Carolina. David A. Nunn was a 
student at the College of West Tennessee, Jack- 
son: was graduated from the Lebanon Law 
school in 1853, and began practice at Browns- 
ville, Tenn. He was married in 1853 to Mary E. 
Thompson, who died in 1878, and secondly, in 
1875, to Tennessee Whitehead of Haywood 
county. He was a member of the Whig and Re- 
publican party, and was a presidential elector on 
the Bell and Everett ticket in 1860, and on the 
Lincoln and Johnson ticket in 1864. Immediately 
after the war he was elected state senator. He 
represented Haywood county in the state legisla- 
ture, 1866-67 ; was the Republican representative 
from the Memphis district in the 40th congress, 
1868-69 ; was defeated for the 41st congress in 
1868, and represented the ninth district of Tenn- 
essee in the 43d congress, 1873-75. He was ap- 
pointed by President Grant U.S. minister resi- 
dent to Equador in 1875. He was secretary of 
the state of Tennessee, 1881-85, and collector of 
internal revenue for the fifth district of Tenn- 
essee, 1889-93 and 1897-1901. He resigned in 1901, 
after the death of President McKinley, and re- 
sumed the practice of law at Brownsville, Tenn. 

NUNNALLY, Gustavus Alonzo, educator, was 
born in Walton county, Ga., March 24, 1841; son 
of William Branch and Mary Hale (Talbot) Nun- 
nally, and grandson of John Nunnally. His 
father and mother were born in Virginia and set- 
tled in Walton county, Va., in 1819. He was 
graduated at the University of Georgia in 1859, 
the youngest man to receive a diploma in the 
history of the university ; was married, Novy. 23, 
1859, to Mary, daughter of Ralph Briscoe, of Wal- 
ton county, Ga.; was professor of mathematics in 
Hamilton Female college, 1859-61, and principal 
of the Johnston institute, 1861-68. He was 
quartermaster of the 9th Georgia militia, Col. P. 
H. Mell; entered the Baptist ministry in 1865, 
and preached in Walton and the surrounding 
counties, 1865-76, also engaging in farming, in 
editing the Southern Witness and as superintend- 





NURSE 


ent of schools for Walton county. He was pastor 
at Rome, Ga., 1875-84, superintended the church 
building department of the Southern Baptist 
church, 1884-85, pastor at Eufaula, Ala., 1885-87, 
and at Anniston, Ala., 1887-89. He was presi- 
dent of Mercer uni- 
versity, Macon, Ga., 
as successor to Dr. 
Archibald J. Battle, 
1889-92, and during 
his term of service 
% yaised money for 
new buildings, which 
+, doubled the capaci- 
4 ty of the univer- 
Vy sity. He resumed 
‘y ministerial duties as 
4 pastor of the Baptist 
church at Memphis, 
Tenn., in 1892, and 
in 1895 at La Grange, 
Ga., where he also 
the Southern Female 
college. He received the degree of D.D. from 
Mercer in 1883, and was a trustee of the univer- 
sity for fifteen years. 

NURSE, Amos, senator, was born in Bolton, 
Mass., Dec. 17, 1794; son of Jonathan and Ruth 
(Barrett) Nourse ; grandson of David and Rebecca 
(Barrett) Nourse, and a descendant of Francis 
and Rebecca (Towne) Nourse, Salem, Mass., 
immigrants. He was graduated at Harvard, 
Ae eielem Ac Mi. Lolo, andi eM.D.,°.1817. “<He 
practised in Wiscasset, Me., in that year, and 
removed to Hallowell, where he was postmaster, 
and to Bath in 1845, He was a lecturer on obstet- 
rics in Bowdoin college, 1846-54, and professor of 
obstetrics there, 1854-66. He was collector of cus- 
toms at Bath, by appointment of President Polk, 
1845-46, and was elected U.S. senator to fill the 
unexpired term of Hannibal Hamlin, who re- 
signed, Feb. 6, 1857, to accept the governorship 
of Maine, and served to the close of the term, 
March 3, 1857. He was elected judge of probate 
of Sagadahoc county in 1860. He died in Bath, 
Maine, April 17, 1877. 

NUTT, Cyrus, educator, was born in Trum- 
bull county, Ohio, Sept. 4, 1814. He was grad- 
uated at Allegheny college, Meadville, Pa., in 
1831; was principal of the preparatory depart- 
ment of Allegheny college, 1831-87; of Indiana 
Asbury (now De Pauw) university, Greencastle, 
Ind., 1837-38; professor of Latin and Greek 
languages, 1838-42; of the Greek and Hebrew 
languages, 1842-43 ; of Greek language and litera- 
ture, 1846-49, and of mathematics, 1857-60. He 
was pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church at 
Bloomington Station, Ind., 1843-45, and at Salem, 
Ind,, 1845-47; president of Fort Wayne Female 





assumed the presidency of 


[41] 


NUTTALL 


college, 1849, and of Whitewater college, Wayne 
county, 1850-55. He resigned in 1855, and was 
presiding elder of the Richmond district, Ind., 
1855-57. He was acting president of De Pauw 
university, 1857-59, and a trustee of the corpora- 
tion, 1851-57, and president of Indiana university 
at Bloomington, 1860-75, being formally inau- 
gurated, June 7, 1861. He was married, April 
26,1838, to Amanda Standiford of Greencastle, Ind. 
He received the degree D.D. from Allegheny 
college and from Ohio Wesleyan university in 
1859, and LL.D. from the University of Missouri 
and from Hanover college, Indiana, in 1873. 
He died in Bloomington, Ind., Aug. 28, 1875. 
NUTTALL, Thomas, botanist, was born in 
Long Preston, Settle, Yorkshire, England, Jan. 
5, 1786. He was apprenticed to the printer’s 
trade, was a journeyman printer under his uncle 
in Liverpool for several years, and then went to 
London, where he 
was unsuccessful. He 
immigrated to Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., in 1807, 
where Prof. Benja- 


min Smith Barton 
encouraged him to 
engage in scientific 


study and became his 
instructor. He made | 
a trip along the coasts 
of Delaware, Mary- 
land, Virginia and 
North Carolina, and 
on his return visit- 
ed the region of the 
upper Missouri river 
with John Bradbury, the Scotch naturalist, on 
a collecting tour, 1809-11, when Bradbury was 
captured by the Indians, but effected his escape. 
Mr. Nuttall remained in Philadelphia during the 
winters of the next eight years, studying the 
collections made in his summer excursions east 
of the Mississippi, from the Great Lakes to 





Florida. He lectured on botany to classes in 
Philadelphia, 1820-22, and was lecturer on 


natural history and curator and director of the 
botanic garden, Harvard college, 1825-34. He 
made a journey over the Rocky Mountains 
to the Columbia river in 1834, spent two 
months in 1835 in the Sandwich Islands, and 
the spring and summer of 1835 on the Pacific 
coast, returning to the Sandwich Islands and 
reaching Philadelphia, October, 1835. He returned 
to England in December, 1841, and made a visit of 
six months in the United States, 1847-48. He 
received the honorary degree A.M. from Har- 
vard in 1826; was a fellow of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences ; a member of the 
American Philosophical society and Academy of 


NUTTALL 


Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and a fellow 
of the Linnzean Society of London. 
biographer, Elias Durand, said that he personally 
had made more discoveries in the botany of 
North America and described more new genera 
and species, with the exception of Prof. Asa 
Gray, than any other man. He contributed to 
the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 
and is the author of: 
American Plants and a Catalogue of the Species 
to 1817 (2 vols., 1818); A Journal of Travels into 
the Arkansas Territory during the Year 1819 
(1821); Manual of the Ornithology of the United 
States and Canada: I. Land Birds (1882), JI. 
Water Birds (1834), and The North American 
Sylva, or a Description of the Forest Trees of the 
United States, Canada and Nova Scotia, not 
described in the Works of Francois André 
Michaux (8 vols., 1842-49). He diedinSt. Helens, 
Lancashire, England, Sept. 10, 1859. 

NUTTALL, Zelia, archeologist, was born in 
San Francisco, Cal., Sept. 6, 1858; daughter of 
Dr. Robert Kennedy and Magdalina (Parrott) 
Nuttall, and granddaughter of John Parrott of 
Baltimore and San Francisco. Her father was 
anative of Tittour, Ireland, a scientist, and a 
naturalized citizen of the United States. She 
was educated in England, Germany and France, 
and was married in 1880 to Alphonse Louis Pinart 
of Paris, from whom she was separated in 1882 and 
divorced in 1885, when she resumed her maiden 
name. She traveled extensively and devoted 
herself to the study of Mexican antiquities, her 
first essay being published in 1886. In the same 
year she was appointed honorary special assistant 
at the Peabody Museum of American Archeology 
and Ethnology, Cambridge, Mass.,and was subse- 
quently elected fellow of the American Associa- 
tion for the Advancement of Science, member 
of the American Philosophical society and an 
honorary member of several other American and 
foreign scientific societies. She is the author of 
a number of papers on Mexican archeology, her 
publications including: The Fundamental Princi- 
ples of Old and New World Civilisations (vol. IL. 
Peabody Museum Papers), and the Codex Nuttall, 
the second important ancient Mexican manu- 
script brought to light and edited by her, and 
which was named for her by the Peabody 
Museum, in recognition of her scientific labors. 

NUTTING, Newton W., representative, was 
born in West Monroe, Oswego county, N.Y., Oct. 
22, 1840. He practised law in Oswego, 1861-89 ; 
was a school commissioner, 1864-67: district 
attorney, 1869-72 ; county judge, 1878-83, and was 
a Republican representative from the twenty- 
seventh New York district in the 48th and 50th 
congresses, serving, 1883-85 and 1887-89. Hedied 
in Oswego, N.Y., Oct. 15, 1889. 


His first , 


he Genera of North. 


[42] 


NYE 


NYE, Edgar Wilson, humorist, was born at 
Shirley, Maine, Aug. 25, 1850. He removed to 
St. Croix county, Wis., with his parents in 1852; 
attended the public schools and an academy at 
River Falls, Wis.; removed to Wyoming Ter- 
ritory ; studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1876. He was married, March 7, 1877, to 
Clara Frances Smith. He abandoned the law to 
enter journalism and wrote humorous articles 
for The Cheyenne Sun, under the pen name ‘*‘ Bill 
Nye.” He was a reporter on the Tribune, Den- 
ver, Col., and established The Daily Boomerang 
at Laramie city, Wyo., in 1881, which he edited, 
1881-85. He was a member of the territorial 
legislature, postmaster of Laramie city, a justice 
of the peace, superintendent of public schools and 
a commissioner. He removed to Hudson, Wis., 
in 1885, and thence to New York, where, with 
James Whitcomb Riley, he engaged in filling 
lyceum engagements, and in reading selections 
from his works, afterward making lecture tours 
throughout the United States and Canada and 
visiting Europe. He made his home near Ashe- 
ville, N.C., 1898-96. He is the author of: Bill 
Nye and the Boomerang (1881) ; The Forty Liars 
(1883) ; Baled Hay (1884); Bill Nye’s Blossom 
Rock (1885); Thinks and Remarks by Bill Nye 
(1886) ; Bill Nye’s Chestnuts Old and New (1889) ; 
Fun, Wit and Poetry, in conjunction with James 
Whitcomb Riley (1891) ; Bill Nye’s History of the 
United States (1894), and Bill Nye’s History of 
England (posthumous, 1896). He also contrib- 
uted a series of articles called his ‘‘ Autobiog- 
raphies” to The Century (1892), and produced 
a comedy, The Cadi (1891), and with Paul M. 
Potter The Stag Party (1895). He died near 
Asheville, N.C., Feb. 22, 1896. 

NYE, James Warren, senator, was born in De 
Ruyter, N.Y., Jane 10, 1815; son of James Nye, 
a pioneer settler of Madison county. He was 
educated in Cortland academy, Homer, N.Y., 
studied law in Troy, N.Y.,and practised in Madi- 
son county. He was district attorney, 1839, 
judge of Madison county, 1840-48, and was the 
defeated antislavery candidate for representa- 
tive in the 3lst congress in 1848. He practised 
law in Syracuse, N. Y., 1848-57, and was the first 
president of the Metropolitan board of police, 
New York city, 1857-60. During the presidential 
canvass of 1860 he made a tour of the west with 
William H. Seward, speaking for Lincoln and 
Hamlin. He was governor of Washoe (Nevada 
Territory), 1861-64, and assisted in preparing 
the territory for admission asa state in 1864. He 
was elected by the first legislature of Nevada, U.S. 
Senator with William M. Stewart. and drew the 
short term, serving, 1865-67. and was re-elected 
for a full term, serving, 1867-78. He died at 
White Plains, N.Y., Dec. 25, 1876. 


20, 


J 





OAKES 


OATES 


O. 


OAKES, Urian, educator, was born in England 
about 1631; son of Edward and Jane Oakes. His 
parents immigrated to America in 1634, and set- 
tled in Cambridge, Mass., where he fitted for 
college and engaged in preparing and publishing 
astronomical calculations. He was graduated at 
Harvard, A.B., 1649, A.M., 1652, and was a fellow 
of Harvard, 1650-52, pursuing a course in theology. 
He was ordained pastor of the church at Roxbury, 
Mass., but after ministering there for a short 
time, returned to England, where he was a minis- 
ter at Titchfield, Hampshire, until 1662. In the 
latter year he was deprived of his living and for- 
bidden to preach, by the Bartholomew act, and 
was made master of the school at Southwark. 
On the death of the Rev. Jonathan Mitchell, July 
9, 1668, he was called to the church in Cam- 
bridge, Mass., but the death of his wife and a 
personal illness delayed his return to America 
and his ordination until Nov. 8, 1671. He was 
made freeman in 1672, and preached the annual 
election sermon in 16738. He was a fellow of 
Harvard, 1672-73, resigned, 
Sept. 15, 1678, and took an 
important part in the contro- 
i | versy that led to the resigna- 
“i tion of President Leonard 
= Hoar in 1674. He declined 
re-election as a fellow until 
: March 15, 1674, the day on 
which President Hoar resigned, when he was ap- 
pointed to succeed him, and entered into office 
as acting president, April 7, 1675. He declined, 
however, to accept the full presidency until Feb. 
2, 1679-80, when he was inaugurated, serving 
until his death. He married Ruth, daughter of 
William Ames. He published: Astronomical Cal- 
culations (1650); An Artillery Sermon (1672); An 
Election Sermon (1673); An Elegy on the Death 
of the Rev. Thomas Shepard of Charlestown 
(1677), and other sermons. He died in Cam- 
bridge, Mass., July 25, 1681. 

OAKLEY, Thomas Jackson, jurist, was born 
in Duchess county, N.Y.,in 1783. Hewas gradua- 
ted at Yale in 1801, was admitted to the bar in 
1804, and settled in practice in Poughkeepsie, 
N.Y. He was surrogate of Duchess county, 
1810-12; a Federalist representative in the 13th 
congress, 1813-15; a member of the state assem- 
bly in 1816, 1818 and 1820; attorney-general of 
the state, 1819; was elected a Clinton Democratic 
representative to the 20th congress in 1826, and 
resigned his seat in congress in 1828, having 
been appointed judge of the newly-organized 
superior court of New York city. When the 
court was reorganized in 1846 under the new 
constitution, he was elected the chief-justice 











143] 


and held the office until his death. He received 
the degree LL.D. from Union college in 1853. 
He died in New York city, May 11, 1857. 
OATES, William Calvin, governor of Alabama, 
was born in Pike county, Ala., Dec. 1, 1835; son 
of William and Sarah (Sellers) Oates ; grandson 
of Stephen Oates and of Mathew Sellers, and 
a descendant of Welsh ancestors on the paternal 
side, and of Irish and French ancestors on the 
maternal side. His father, a native of South 
Carolina, removed to Montgomery, Ala., in 1828 
and soon after to Pike county, where be became 
a planter, and married in 1834. William led a 
roving life in Louisiana and Texas, 1851-55, en- 
gaged in teaching school in Henry county, Ala., 
attended the high school at Lawrenceville, and 
studied law in Eufaula, Ala., 1855-58. He was 
admitted to the bar in the winter of 1858-59, and 
practised in Abbeville, 1859-61. He edited a 
Democratic newspaper in 1860, and in 1861 entered 
the Confederate army, as captain in the 15th 
Alabama infantry. He served in twenty-seven 
of the forty engagements of this regiment and 
commanded the regiment from the battle of 
Sharpsburg until he was transferred to the 48th 
Alabama infantry, July 1, 1864, having been 
promoted colonel in April, 1863. He was 
wounded six times and lost his right arm at 
Fussell’s Mills, near Richmond, Va., Aug 16, 1864, 
which prevented his further advancement in the 
army. He resumed his law practice in Abbeville 
in 1865; was a delegate to the Democratic 
national convention in New York in 1868 ; a rep- 
resentative in the Alabama legislature, 1870-72, 
serving as chairman of the committee on ways 
and means, and was chairman of the judiciary 
committee of the state constitutional convention 
of 1&75. He was married, March 28, 1882, to 
Sallie, daughter of Col. Washington Toney of 
Eufaula. He was a Democratic representative 
from the third Alabama district in the 47th-53d 
congresses, 1891-94, resigning in November, 1894, 
on being elected governor of the state, which office 
he held, 1895-96. He was a 
candidate for U.S. senator in 
1897, but was defeated by the 
Free Silver wing of the party, 
was commissioned by Presi- 
dent McKinley brigadier-gen- 
eral of U.S. volunteers, May 
28, 1898, and served in the 
Spanish-American war. He 





from 


was elected 
the state at large a delegate to the Alabama 


constitutional convention in April, 1901, in 
which body he had a leading part during its 
four months’ session. He engaged in the practice 
of his profession in Montgomery, Ala. 


OBENCHAIN 


OBENCHAIN, William Alexander, educator, 
was born in Buchanan, Va., April 27, 1841; son 
of Thomas Jefferson and Elizabeth Ann (Sweet- 
land) Obenchain. His mother was a lineal 
descendant of William Sweetland, captain of 
the ship James trading between London, England, 
and New York, 1678-79, who settled in Salem, 
Conn., before the beginning of the eighteenth cen- 
tury,and the family intermarried with the Van 
Meterens, an old Knickerbocker family, and with 
the Bordens and Becks. On the paternal side he 
descended from Reinhold Abendschén from the 
Palatinate, Germany, who settled in Berks 
county, Pa., in 1749, and from the Goulds of New 
England. William was graduated at the 
Virginia Military institute with the first honors of 
the class of 1861. Heservedas instructor in ight 
artillery at Camp Lee, Richmond, Va., April, 
1861; was appointed 2d lieutenant of artillery in 
the Confederate army; was transferred to the 
corps of engineers in September, 1861, contrary 
to his wishes; was ordered to the Department of 
the Cape Fear, N.C., under Gens. S. G. French 
and W. H. C. Whiting, and to the Army of 
Northern Virginia in 1864. He served on the 
right flank of the Confederate army at Petersburg, 
and subsequently constructed the defence be- 
tween the Newmarket and Williamsburg roads, 
where he was promoted captain of the corps of 
engineers by General Lee, for ‘ efficiency and 
meritorious conduct.” He was professor of 
mathematics and of civil and military engineering 
in the Hillsboro Military academy, N.C., 1866-68 ; 
professor of mathematics and commandant of 
cadets in the Western Military acadamy, under 
Gen. E. Kirby Smith, at Newcastle, Ky., 1868-70, 
and professor of German and French and com- 
mandant of cadets in the University of Nashville, 
Tenn., 1870-73. He engaged in civil engineering 
and the real estate business in Texas, 1873-78, 
became professor of mathematics in Ogden 
college, Bowling Green, Ky., in 1878, and was 
elected president of that institution in 1883. He 
was married, July 8, 1885, to Eliza Hall, daughter 
of Thomas Chalmers and Margaret (Younglove) 
Calvert of Bowling Green, Ky., author of ‘ Sally 
Ann’s Experience ” and other short stories under 
the pen name ‘ Eliza Calvert Hall.” He was 
elected a member of the American Institute of 
Civics in 1887; of the American Academy 
of Political and Social Science in 1891; of the 
British Economic association in 1892; hon- 
orary member of the American Whig Society 
of the College of New Jersey in 1883, and one of 
the honorary vice-presidents and secretary of the 
Department Congress of Higher Education, 
World’s Columbian exposition, in 1893. He re- 
ceived the honorary degree A.M. from Centre 
college, Ky., in 1885. 


[44] 


O’BRIEN 


OBER, Frederick Albion, author, was born in 
Beverly, Mass., Feb. 18, 1849; son of Andrew K. 
and Sarah (Hadlock) Ober; grandson of Andrew 
and Sarah (Smith) Ober, and of Elijah and Hul- 
dah (Herrick) Hadlock, and seventh in direct de- 
scent from Richard Ober, who emigrated from 
England to Massachusetts and settled in Beverly 
in 1663. Frederick Albion Ober attended the 
public school, and in 1862 engaged in business. 
He attended the Massachusetts Agricultural col- 
lege for one year and thereafter devoted himself 
to the study of natural history, exploring the 
Lake Okeechobee region of Florida, 1872-74; 
making an ornithological exploration of the 
southern West Indies in 1876-78 and 1880, where 
he collected birds for the Smithsonian Institution, 
and discovered twenty-two new species. He 
visited Mexico in 1881, 1883 and 1885, gather- 
ing material for several books, and traveled in 
Spain and northern Africa in 1888, South America 
in 1889, and in the West Indies again in 1891-92, 
as commissioner for the Columbian exposition. 
He lectured on Mexico and the West Indies for 
nearly ten years in various parts of the country. 
He is the author of : Camps in the Caribbees (1879); 
Young Folks’ History of Mexico (1882); The Silver 
City (1882); Travels in Mexico (1888): Mexican 
Resources, A Guide to and Through Mexico 
(1885); Montezuma’s Gold Mines (1885); The 
Knockabout Club in the Antilles, Everglades, ete. 
(6 vols., 1887-92); In the Wake of Columbus (1898); 
Josephine, Empress of the French (1895); Under 
the Cuban Flag (1896); My Spanish Sweetheart 
(1897); Crusoe’s Island (1898); Puerto-Rico and 
Its Resources. (1899); A Brief History of Spain 
(1899); History of the West Indies (1900); The 
Last of the Arrawaks (1901); Tommy Foster's Ad- 
ventures (1901), and contributions to magazines. 

O’BRIEN, Fitz-James, author, was born in 
county Limerick, Ireland, in 1828. His father 
was an attorney-at-law. He was educated at the 
University of Dublin, and then went to London, 
where in the course of two years he spent his in- 
heritance amounting to about £8,000. While.in 
college he wrote verse, edited a paper in London, 
1851, and in 1852 came to the United States, where 
he contributed to the Lantern, edited by John 
Brougham, and to the leading literary magazines 
and newspapers. He wrote for J. W. Wallack “ A 
Gentleman from Ireland ;” prepared ‘‘ The Ty- 
coon” for Laura Keene's theater, and traveled as 
a literary assistant with H. L. Bateman. He 
joined the 7th regiment, N. G.S.N. Y., and 
marched with the regiment to Washington, D.C., 
returning to New York with the rank of captain 
after six weeks’ service. He then engaged in 
recruiting for McClellan’s volunteer rifles ; 
was appointed on the staff of General Lander 
with the rank of lieutenant, and served with him 





O*BRIEN 


in Virginia until fatally wounded in a skirmish 
with Col. Ashby’s Confederate cavalry, Feb. 26, 
1862. His poems Loch Ine and Irish Castles were 
published anonymously in Ballads of Ireland 
(1856). See The Poems and Stories of Fitz-James 
O'Brien with Personal Recollections by his Asso- 
ciates, edited by William Winter (1881). He 
died in Cumberland, Va., April 6, 1862. 
O’BRIEN, William Shoney, capitalist, was 
born in Abbeyleix, Ireland, about 1825. He im- 
migrated to New York city in his early youth 
and removed to California upon the discovery of 
gold in 1849. He engaged in mining, and in 1851 
established a liquor saloon in San Francisco, sub- 
sequently entering the ship chandlery business. 
In 1854 he formed a partnership with James C, 
Flood in the restaurant and saloon business, which 
he continued until 1867, when they engaged ex- 
clusively in mining. They soon acquired im- 
mense wealth, becoming two of the four ‘‘ Bo- 
nanza princes,” and with J. G. Fair and John W. 
Mackay controlled the ‘‘ Bonanza” mines of 
Nevada. His fortune was estimated as $20,000,- 
000. He died in San Rafael, Cal., May 2, 1878. 
OCHILTREE, Thomas Peck, representative, 
was born in Nacogdoches, Texas, Oct. 26, 1842 ; 
son of Judge William B. and Novaline (Kennard) 
Peck Ochiltree. When a boy he volunteered in 
Capt. John G. Walker’s company of Texas Rang- 
ers and marched 
to the frontier against 
the Apache and Co- 
manche Indians. He 
was admitted to the 
bar by special act of 
the legislature of 
Texas, being non-age ; 
was editor of the 
Jeffersonian at Jef- 
ferson, Texas; a de- 
legate to the Demo- 
cratic national con- 
vention at Charleston 
and Baltimore, 1860; 
witnessed the sur- 
render of Fort Sumter 
in 1861, and entered the Confederate service as a 
private in the Marshall guards, Ist Texasinfantry, 
which became a part of the Texas battalion, com- 
'manded by Lieut.-Col. Louis T. Wigfall. He was 
subsequently assigned to the Ist Texas infantry 
in Hood’s brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. 
He was on the staff of Gen. H. H. Sibley in 
the Army of New Mexico, and was mentioned 
for gallantry in official reports. He was sent to 
Richmond with important dispatches and joined 
the staff of General Longstreet as assistant 
adjutant-general, serving in the battle of Seven 
Pines and in the seven days’ battles around 


; <S 
RN 





[45] 


OCHS 


Richmond. On returning to the lower Missis- 
sippi, he was made chief of General Sibley’s 
staff, and afterward was assigned to Gen. Richard 
Taylor, taking part in the campaign that led to 
the capture of Brashear City, La. He was en- 
gaged under orders of Gen. S. B. Maxey in the 
battle of Poison Springs, Ark., and with General 
Raines in the defence of Richmond, Va., 1864. At 
Sailor’s Creek, Va., April 6, 1865, he was wounded 
and captured. He visited Europe, 1865-66; was 
editor of the Daily Telegraph, Houston, Texas, 
1866 ; visited Europe again, 1867, securing a line 
of direct steamers from Galveston, and was made 
commissioner of emigration for Texas. He was 
U.S. marshal under General Grant for Texas. 
He was a representative from the seventh dis- 
trict of Texas in the 48th congress, 1883-85, and 
at the end of his term removed to New York 
city, and became one of the counsel for the 
Mackay-Bennett cable company. 

OCHILTREE, William Beck, jurist, was born 
in Fayetteville, Cumberland county, N. C., Oct. 
11, 1811; son of David and Lucy (Beck) Ochil- 
tree; grandson of Malcolm Hugh Ochiltree, and 
a descendant of Malcolm Hugh Ochiltree, who 
was on the personal staff of Prince Charles Ed- 
ward, and who came to America after the defeat 
of the Stuarts, and settled in North Carolina 
about 1746. He was admitted to the bar. He 
went to Florida, and thence to Alabama, whére he 
was married in 1834 to Novaline, daughter of 
James Kennard, and widow of Thomas Peck, 
He became a distinguished lawyer, and in 1889 
removed to Nacogdoches, Texas. He was an 
associate judge of the supreme court, attorney- 
general and secretary of the treasury.of the 
Republic of Texas. He was a member of the 
constitutional convention of Texas in 1845, and 
was appointed one of the first district judges of 
the state in 1846. He was the leader for years 
of the Whig party in Texas and a representative 
in the state legislature, 1855-56; chairman of 
the judiciary committee and also of public debt, 
and made a famous speech on a bill to pay 
Samuel Swartout of New York the interest on 
$16,000 advanced by him in fitting out expedi- 
tions for the relief of Texas during her struggle 
for independence. He was elected a representa- 
tive to the Confederate States congress in 1861, 
and resigned therefrom to become colonel of the 
18th Texas infantry. He died at Marshall, Texas, 
in December, 1867. 

OCHS, Adolph S., journalist, was born in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, March 12,1858; son of Julius 
and Bertha (Levy) Ochs, both natives of Ger- 
many, who came to America in 1844, His father 
enlisted for the Mexican war, was a Federal 
officer in the civil war, was honorably discharged 
as captain in the 52d Ohio volunteers, and removed 


OCHS 


with his family in 1865 to Knoxville, Tenn. 
Adolph was given a common school education, and 
in 1869 when the Knoxville Daily Chronicle was 
established, went to work as newspaper carrier. In 
1871-72 he was employed in Providence, R.1., 
where he also attend- 
ed night school. Re- 
turning to Knoxville, 
he was a clerk in a 
drug store in 1872; 
was engaged in the 
office of the Chronicle, 
1872-75; was in the 
job office department 
of the Courier-Jour- 
nal, Louisville, Ky., 
1875-76 ; assistant 
foreman of the com- 
posing room of the 
Knoxville Daily Trib- 
wane, 1876-77, and in 
May, 1877, became 
connected with the Daily Dispatch, Chattanooga, 
where he filled successively every position, in- 
cluding that of editor-in-chief. In 1878 he 
published a city directory of Chattanooga and 
in July of that year purchased half interest 
in the Chattanooga Daily Times, established in 
1869, and assumed complete control, buying out 
the remaining half interest in 1871. In 1879 he 
established the Tradesman, which became the 
leading commercial paper of the southwest. 
Under his management the Chattanooga Times 
won the soubriquet of ‘*The Times that made 
Chattanooga.” In 1883 he married Iphegenia 
Miriam, youngest daughter of the Rev. Dr. Isaac 
M. Wise of Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1892 the Times 
building at Chattanooga, costing nearly $200,000, 
was erected. At the meeting of the National 
Editorial association at St. Paul, Minn., in 1891, 
he delivered an address on the subject of ‘‘ Interior 
Dailies,” which attracted much attention. He 
was for some years a member of the Chattanooga 
board of education. He organized the Southern 
Associated Press, and in 1883 became its sezretary 
and treasurer. In 1896 he became publisher and 
controlling owner of the New York Times, and 
changed his residence to New York city, but 
continued the ownership of the business at 
Chattanooga. In 190i he purchased and became 
the owner of the Philadelphia Times, which he 
placed under the management of his brother, 
George Washington Ochs, and in July, 1902, paid 
over $2,500.000 to the heirs of George W. Childs 
for the Public Ledger. During the Paris exposi- 
tion (1900) he published daily at the exposition 
a European edition of the New York Times. one 
of the most important and expensive American 
exhibits. 





O'CONNOR 


OCHTMAN, Leonard, artist, was born in 
Zonnemaire, Zeeland, Holland, Oct. 21, 1854; 
son of John and Hendricka (Fonteine) Ochtman. 
His father, a decorative painter, settled in 
Albany, N.Y., with his family in 1866. Leonard 
was a draughtsman in an engraving office, 1870- 
77, opened a studio in Albany in 1877, and in 
1879 removed it to New York city, where, in the 
winter of the latter year, he took a course of 
study at the Art Students’ league. He traveled 
in England, France and Holland, making studies 
of landscapes during the summer of 1885. He 
was married in 1891 to Mina Fonda, one of his 
pulpils, and the same year established a summer 
school of landscape painting at Mianus, Conn. 
He exhibited Harly Autumn at the National 
Academy of Design in 1882, becoming a regular 
exhibitor there as well as at the prominent art 
exhibitions throughout the country. He was 
elected an associate of the National Academy of 
Design ; a member of the Society of American 
Artists, the American Water-Color society, the 
New York Water-Color club, the Salmagundi 
club, the Brooklyn Art club and the Society of 
Landscape Painters; and received medals and 
other honors for his work. 

O’CONNELL, Eugene, R. C. bishop, was born 
in the Parish of Kings Court, county Meath, 
Treland, June 18, 1815. He attended the diocesan 
college at Navan, and was prepared for the 
priesthood in St. Patrick’s college at Maynooth, 
Ireland, where he was ordained in June, 1842. 
He was a professor in Navan college and after- 
ward in the missionary college of All Hallows. 
Later he came to the United States, where he 
engaged in missionary work in California, sub- 
sequently serving as president of Santa Ifiez 
college, Santa Barbara county, and then of St. 
Thomas’s theological seminary. He returned to 
Ireland in 1860. On Sept. 26, 1860, he was elected 
titular bishop of ‘* Flaviopolis” and vicar 
apostolic of Marysville, Cal., which included the 
territory of Nevada, and the upper half of Cali- 
fornia, and he was consecrated in the chapel of 
All Hallows college, Dublin, Feb. 38, 1861, by 
Archbishop Paul Cullen of Dublin, He arrived 
at Marysville, June 8, 1861, and was inducted in 
St. Joseph’s cathedral by Archbishop Alemany, 
June 9, 1861. THe was translated to the new see 
of Grass Valley, Cal., formed out of his vicariate, 
as bishop, Feb. 3, 1868, and resigned, March 17, 
1884, receiving the title ‘‘ Bishop of Joppa,” in 
partibus infidelium. He died at Los Angeles, 
Cal.. Dec. 4. 1891. 

O’CONNOR, James, R. ©. bishop, was born in 
Queenstown, Ireland. Sept. 10, 1823. He came to 
the United States in 1889, with his brother, 
Michael O’Connor, and was educated in the semin- 
ary of St. Charles Borromeo at Philadelphia, Pa., 


[46] 





O'CONNOR 


of which his brother was president. He took his 
theological course in the Urban college, Rome, 
Italy, where he was ordained by Cardinal Fran- 
soni, March 25, 1848. He was engaged in mis- 
sionary labors in the diocese of Pittsburg, Pa., 
1850-51; was superior of St. Michael’s theologi- 
eal and preparatory seminary at Pittsburg, Pa., 
1857-63, and was director and professor of phil- 
osophy, moral theology and ecclesiastical history 
in the seminary of St. Charles Borromeo in 1863. 
During his directorship he made a tour of Europe 
and on his return became rector of St. Dominic's 
ehurch at Holmesburg, Pa. He was elected bish- 
op of ** Dibona ” and vicar apostolic of Nebraska, 
June 30, 1876, and was consecrated, Aug. 20, 1876, 
at the seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, by Co- 
adjutor Bishop Ryan of St. Louis, Mo. He in- 
troduced the Jesuits and Franciscans into the 
vicariate apostolic, established Creighton college 
in 1879, and attended the plenary council in 
Baltimore, Md., in 1884. The vicariate apostolic 
of Nebraska had been established, Jan. 6, 1857, 
and was erected into the diocese of Omaha, 
Oct. 2, 1885, and through his efforts the diocese 
had eighty-seven priests, fourteen chapels and 
several religious and educational institutions. 
He died in Omaha, Neb., May 27, 1890. 
O’CONNOR, Michael, R. C. bishop, was born 
at Queenstown, county Cork, Ireland, Sept. 27, 
1810. He attended the grammar school of 


Queenstown, and was an altar-boy in the cathe- 
dral. 


He was prepared for the priesthood in 
France, and at the 
College of the Propa- 
ganda, Rome, where 
he was ordained, June 
1, 1833. He served as 
professor of sacred 
scripture and as vice- 
rector of the Irish 
Ecclesiastical college 
in Rome, 1838-384, 
and was placed at a 
small mission at Cove, 
county Cork, Ireland, 
in 1334. He was 
chaplain and confes- 
sor to the Presenta- 
tion convent, Done- 
raile, 1837-38. On the invitation of Bishop 
Kenrick he immigrated to the United States 
in 1839, taking with him his younger brother 
James. He was a professor in the ecclesiastical 
seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, Philadelphia, 
Pa., and afterward its president, with the 
care of the missions of Norristown and West 
Chester. He built the church of St. Francis 
Xavier at Fairmount. and in 1841 became rector 
of St. Paul’s church, Pittsburg, and vicar-general 





O’CONNOR 


of the western section of the see of Philadelphia, 
which during his service was augmented by sey- 
eral new schools, churches and charitable insti- 
tutions. In 1843 he went to Rome to gain the 
consent of Pope Gregory XVI to join the Society 
of Jesus, but instead he was chosen bishop of the 
newly created diocese of Pittsburg, established 
Aug. 8, 1848, and when he knelt before the pope 
was forbidden to rise until he accepted the bish- 
opric. He was consecrated bishop of Pittsburg, 
Pa., in the church St. Agatha at Rome, Aug. 15, 
1843, by Cardinal Filippo Fransoni, Prefect of the 
Propaganda, and on his way back to the United 
States passed through Ireland, where he obtained 
sandidates for holy orders and seven sisters of 
the order of Our Lady of Merey. Notwithstand- 
ing the fact that his diocese had a Roman Catho- 
lic population of 25,000, thirty-three churches 
and fourteen priests, there were but two religious 
institutions. In 1844 he established a chureh for 
colored Roman Catholics ; a school for boys and 
another for young ladies, and St. Michael's Theo- 
logical seminary. He also founded and became 
editor of the Cutholic in 1844. He went to Rome 
in 1845, and returned with four Presentation 
Brothers, who established the order of St. Bene- 
dict in the United States and took charge of the 
boys’ school. He visited Europe in 1852, and 
brought back a colony of Passionists, who opened 
their first house in the United States in Pittsburg. 
He was transferred to the see of Erie, established 
out of the diocese of Pittsburg, July 29, 1853, and 
was returned to Pittsburg, Feb. 20, 1854. In 1854 
he again went to Rome, where he took an impor- 
tant part in revising the definition of the dogma 
of the Immaculate Conception. He competed 
St. Paul’s cathedral, one of the largest in the 
United States, in 1855, and in May, 1860, he ten- 
dered his resignation as bishop, which was ac- 
cepted, May 23, 1860. He entered the Jesuit mon- 
astery of Gorheim, Germany, and after two years 
was permitted by special dispensation to take the 
four vows at once, when at his own request all 
episcopal faculties were withdrawn. He returned 
to the United States; was professor of theology 
in Boston college, Massachusetts ; socius of the 
Provincial ef the Jesuits, and preached and lec- 
tured in the principal cities of the country. He 
retired to the College of the Society of Jesus at 
Woodstock, Md., early in 1872, where he resided 
until his death. He published a series of letters 
addressed to the governor of Pennsylvania, on the 
Common School System (1853). He died in 
Woodstock. Md., Oct. 18, 1872. 

O’CONNOR, William Douglas, author, was 
born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 2, 1833. He attended 
the public schools; studied painting ; was asso- 
ciate editor of the Boston Commonwealth, 1852- 
54; of the Saturday Evening Post, Philadelphia, 


[47] 


O’CONOR 


1854-60; corresponding clerk of the light-house 
board, Washington, 1861-73, and chief clerk, 
1873-74; librarian of the U.S. treasury depart- 
ment, 1874-78; assistant general superintendent 
of the U.S. life-saving service, 1878-89, and wrote 
their annual reports. He was married in 1856 to 
Ellen M. Tarr of Boston. He was a radical in 
politics, religion and social ethics. When Walt 
Whitman’s ‘Leaves of Grass” was under ban 
in Boston, he vindicated him in The Good Gray 
Poet (1866). He also supported the claim of the 
Shakespeare plays being written by Francis Ba- 
con. He contributed to magazines and news- 
papers, is the author of poems: To Fanny ; To 
Athos; The Shadow on the Wall; Mabel; The 
Lost Land; Resurgemus, and Earl Lord, and also 
the author of: Harrington, an antislavery ro- 
mance (1860); Hamlet's Note-Book, a reply to 
Richard Grant White on the Bacon-Shakespeare 
controversy (1886); Mr. Donnelly’s Reviewers 
(1889), and of popular imaginative short stories 
published in the magazines. He died in Wash- 
ington, D.C., May 9, 1889. 

O’CONOR, Charles, lawyer, was born in New 
York city, Jan. 22, 1804; son of Thomas O’Con- 
nor (1770-1855), a native of county Roscommon, 
Treland, who came to the United States in 1801, 
married a daughter of Hugh O’Conor, who 
was not related to him, and became associated 
with William Kernan in establishing a settle- 
ment in Steuben county, N.Y.,on which he re- 
sided, 1805-06; and was editor, publisher and 
author in New York city, 1812-55. Charles re- 
ceived a classical education under direction of his 
father, and was a student at law, 1820-24, being 
admitted to the bar in 1824, although non-age. 
He changed the spelling of his name to conform 
to ancient usage. He became one of the most 
prominent lawyers in the United States, and his 
practice included cases involving, for the time in 
which he lived, the disposal of vast sums of 
money. In 1848 he became a member of the 
Directory of the Friends of Ireland, and he pre- 
sided at several of their meetings. He was the 
Democratic candidate for lieutenant-governor of 
New York in 1848, and at the election received 
3,000 more votes than the other candidates on the 
ticket, but failed of election. He was counsel for 
Mrs. Forrest in her suit for divorce against Edwin 
Forrest, the actor, and in token of his service in 
securing the divorce the friends of Mrs. Forrest 
presented him with a silver vase, as did also his 
fellow-members of the bar. He was counsel in 
the Parrish will case in 1862,and in the Jumel 
suit in 1871. He was U.S. district attorney for 
New York under President Pierce, 1853-54, and 
was married in 1854 to Mrs. Cornelia (Livingston) 
McCracken. He was a State-rights Democrat, 
and made a literal interpretation of the constitu- 


[48] 


O’CONOR 


tion as giving no power to the general suvern- 
ment to coerce a state. He defended Jefferson 
Davis as his senior counsel when he was tried for 
treason, and when the result of the trial enabled 
the court to accept bail, he went on the bail-bond 
with Gerrit Smith, Horace Greeley, Horace F. 
Clark and Augustus Schell. He was elected 
president of the Law institute of New York city 
in 1869, and in his will bequeathed to the institute 
the two vases presented to him in commemora- 
tion of his defence of Mrs. Forrest. He was 
one of the chief prosecutors of William M. Tweed 
in his trial in 1871, and was commissioned by 
Governor Hoffman, with W. M. Evarts, James 
Emott and Wheeler H. Peckham, a bureau of 
municipal correction to recover the money taken, 
The court of appeals in 1875 decreed that the 
county and not the state of New York should have 
brought suit, and Mr. O’Conor at once drafted 
the Civil Remedies act, which passed the legisla- 
ture, but the slow progress made discouraged him 
and called forth his book ‘ Peculation Tri- 
umphant.” He was nominated by the straight 
Democratic national convention that met at 
Louisville, Ky., Sept. 3, 1872, as the candidate for 
president of the United States, with John Quincy 
Adams of Massachusetts for vice-president ; and 
in the general election in November the ticket 
received 29,408 popular votes but secured no 
elector. In the contest for electors between 
Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B, Hayes in 
1877, each claiming a majority, Mr. O’Conor ap- 
peared before the electoral commission for Mr. 
Tilden, and always claimed that his client was 
cheated out of the election by fraud in the re- 
turns of Louisiana and Florida. He removed to 
Nantucket, Mass., in 1881, and retired from public 
life. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. 
from Union college in 1865, and from Columbia in 
1872. He is the author of : Peculation Triumph- 
ant, Being the Record of a Five Years’ Campaign 
against Official Malverism, A.D. 1871-75 (1875). 
He died in Nantucket, Mass., May 12, 1884. 
O’CONOR, John Francis Xavier, educator, 
was born in New York city, Aug. 1, 1852; son of 
Daniel and Jane (Lake) O’Conor, and a descendant 
of Gen. William Lake. He was graduated from 
the College of St. Francis Xavier in 1872, and 
joined the Society of Jesus the same year. He 
studied English in London, 1874, and philosophy 
in Louvain, Belgium, 1874-79 ; pursued oriental 
studies at Johns Hopkins university, 1879, and 
theology at Woodstock, 1888-87. He was profes- 
sor in West Park college, Georgetown university, 
1880-82, in Boston university, 1883, was made pro- 
fessor of philosophy and of rhetoric and literature, 
College of St. Francis Xavier, New York, in 
1800, and was vice-president of the college, 1887- 
88, and of Gonzaga college, Washington, D.C., 





ODELL 


1901-1902. He lectured extensively on Christian 
art, Greek art and the Wagner operas. He became 
an author of international reputation in learned 
circles; was widely known as preacher, lecturer 
and writer of classic English, and as an authority 
on libraries and the care of books, and translated 
the first Cuneiform inscription published in 
America. He is the author of : Lyric and Dramatic 
Poetry (1883); Babylonian Inscriptions of Nebu- 
chadnezzer (1885); Garruccis Christian Art (1885); 
Three Holy Lives (1888); Practice of Humility 
(1890); Life of St. Aloysius (1891); Jeswit Missions 
in America (1892); Reading and the Mind (1897); 
Rhetoric and Oratory (1898); Facts about Book- 
worms (1898); Sacred Scenes and Mysteries (1898) ; 
Autobiography of St. Ignatius (1900); Christ 
the Man of God (1900), and of dramas, music 
and poems. 

ODELL, Benjamin Barker, governor of New 
York, was born in Newburgh, N.Y., Jan. 14, 
1854; son of Mayor Benjamin Barker and Ophelia 
(Bookstaver) Odell; grandson of Isaac and Mary 
Ann (Barker) Odell and of Hiram and Catherine 
(Kinebark) Booksta- 
ver; great-grandson 
of Col. William (1762- 
1856) and Johanna 
(Willsea) Odell, and 
great?grandson of 
Jonathan Odell (q.v.). 
He attended the 
public schools of 
Newburgh, Bethany 
college in West Vir- 
ginia, 1873, and Col- 
umbia college, New 
York city, 1873-75, 
but was not gradu- 
ated. He entered 
business life in New- 
burgh in 1875, became vice-president of the 
Odell ice company, and president of an electric 
lighting enterprise, and was also interested 
in the banking business. He was defeated for 
supervisor and for state senator when quite 
young; represented the seventeenth New York 
district on the Republican state committee, 
1884-96, and was chairman of the state executive 
committee, 1898-1900. He was elected Republican 
representative from the seventeenth New York 
district in the 54th and 55th congresses, 1895-99, 
and was chairman of the committee on accounts 
in the 55th congress. He declined renomination 
to the 56th congress, 1898, proposed and sup- 
ported Theodore Roosevelt for governor of New 
York in 1899, and when Roosevelt was nominated 
for vice-president in 1900, became the Republican 
candidate for governor. He was elected by a 
plurality of 111,126, and was re-elected in 1902. 





[49] 


ODELL 


He was married, first, in 1877, to Estelle Crist 
of Newburgh, N.Y., who died in 1888; and 
secondly, in 1891, to Mrs. Linda (Crist) Trapha- 
gan, widow of Rensselaer Traphagan and sister 
of his former wife. 

ODELL, Jacob, soldier, was born in Green- 
burg, N.Y., July 25, 1756; son of Abraham and 
Rebecca (Dyckman) Odell ; grandson of Johannes 
and Johannah (Vermilye) Odell, anda descendant 
in the sixth generation of William Odell of Con- 
cord, Mass., 1639, Fairfield, Conn., 1644. Jacob 
Odell served during the war of the Revolution in 
Col. Samuel Drake’s regiment. On the return 
of peace he was commissioned brigadier-general 
of New York state militia by Maj.-Gen. Morris, 
and commanded the first brigade of horse artillery. 
He married Ann, widow of Abraham Brevoort, 
and daughter of David and Mary (Van Vleckeren) 
Devoor. He lived at Yonkers, N.Y., was member 
of the state assembly, 1812-13, a Monroe presiden- 
tial elector in 1821, and a Jackson elector 
1829. He died at Yonkers, N.Y., in 1845. 

ODELL, Jonathan, patriot, was born in Tarry- 
town, N.Y., Dec. 26, 1730; son of Johannes, Jr., 
and Johannah (Vermilye) Odell; grandson of 
John and Johanna (Turner) Odell; great-grand- 
son of William, Jr. (1634-1700) and (Vowles) 
Odell, and great-grandson of William Odell, 
who came from England to Concord, Mass., 1639, 
and to Fairfield, Conn., 1644. Jonathan Odell 
owned a large estate in the town of Greenburg, 
N.Y., and the stone house in which he lived was 
still standing in 1903. He served in Col. Samuel 
Drake’s regiment, Westchester county militia, 
and in Col. Lewis Dubois’s N.Y. state levies, and 
was for a time held a prisoner in the Old Sugar 
House prison, New York city. He married 
Margaret, daughter of Jacob and Jannetie 
(Kiersen) Dyckman, and had six sons and five 
daughters. His son, Col. John Odell (1756-1835), 
was an officer in Col. Morris Graham’s regiment 
in the American Revolution, and commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel of militia by Gov. John Jay; 
another son, Abraham Odell (1760-1820), was 
lieutenant in Col. Van Bergen’s regiment, and a 
member of the state assembly, 1801-05, 1807-10, 
and another son, William Odell (1762-1856), served 
in Van Bergen’s regiment and became colonel of 
Westchester militia. Jonathan Odell died in 
Tarrytown, N.Y., Sept. 23, 1818. 

ODELL, Moses Fowler, representative, was 
born in Tarrytown, N.Y., Feb, 24, 1818; son of 
William Dyckman and Susanna (Fowler) Odell, 
and grandson of William and Johanna (Willsea) 
Odell. He attended the public school, and engaged 
in mercantile pursuits until 1845, when he was 
appointed an entry clerk in the New York custom 
house. He was assistant collector of customs 
for New York, 1855-57, and public appraiser, 


in 





ODENHEIMER 


1857-61. He was a Democratic representative 
from New York city in the 87th and 388th congress- 
es, 1861--65, and was chairman of the committee 
on the treasury department. He was appointed 
navy agent for the port of New York by Presi- 
dent Johnson in 1865, and held the office until 
his death in Brooklyn, N.Y., June 18, 1866. 

ODENHEIMER, William Henry, third bishop 
of New Jersey and 66th in succession in the Amer- 
ican episcopate, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 
Aug. 11, 1817; son of John W. Odenheimer. He 

vas graduated from the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, A.B., 1835, A.M., 1838, and from the Gen- 
eral Theological seminary, New York city, in 
1838. He was admitted to the diaconate in 1838, 
and was ordained priest in 1841. He was as- 
sistant rector, St. Peter's, Philadelphia, in 1840, 
and rector, 1840-59. He visited Europe and the 
Holy Land in 1851, and was elected bishop of New 
Jersey in 1859, as successor to Bishop George W. 
Doane, deceased, and was consecrated, Oct. 138, 
1859, by Bishops Meade, McCoskry, Whittington, 
Lee, Chase, Potter and Williams. Upon the 
division of the diocese of New Jersey in 1874, he 
became bishop of the new diocese of Northern 
New Jersey and served until his death. It is es- 
timated that he confirmed 20,000 persons during 
his episcopacy. He was married to Anna Debo- 
rah.Randall, daughter of John B, Shaw, U.S.N. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by the University of Pennsylvania in 1856. 
He was joint editor of : Songs of the Spirit: Hymns 
of Praise and Prayer to God and the Holy Ghost 
(1871); made a special study of canon law, and is 
the author of: Origin and Compilation of the 
Prayer Book (1841); The Devout Churchman’s 
Companion (1841); The True Catholie no Ro- 
manist (1842); Thoughts on Immersion (1848); 
“The Young Churchman Catechised (1844); Bishop 
White's Opinions (1846); Essay on Canon Law 
(1847); The Clergyman’s Assistant in Reading the 
Liturgy (1847); The Private Prayer Book (1851); 
Jerusalen. and its Vieinity (1855). He died at 
Burlington, N.J., Aug. 14, 1879. 

ODIN, John Mary, archbishop, was born in 
Ambierle, France, Feb. 25, 1801. He joined the 
Lazarist brotherhood, and in 1822 was sent as 
a missionary to the United States and was ap- 
pointed to Missouri. He attended St. Mary’s 
seminary, Barrens, near St. Louis, Mo., and was 
ordained priest, May 4, 1823, at the seminary by 
Bishop Dubourg. He made a missionary journey 
through Arkansas and Texas during the year 
1823 ; was superior of St. Mary’s seminary ; theo- 
logian to Bishop Rosati during the second council 
held at Baltimore in 1833; was sent toEurope to 
obtain assistance for missions ; attended the gen- 
eral assembly of the Lazarist order at Paris, as 
deputy from the United States, and through his 


O'DONNELL 


intercession saved St. Mary’s seminary from 
suppression, He remained at the seminary till 
1836, when he was made pastor of St. Vincent's, 
Cape Girardeau, but in 1837 he again returned to 
the seminary, retaining his connection until his. 
appointment as vice- 
prefect of Texas in 
1840. He resided first 
at San Antonio and 
subsequently at Hous- 
ton, and obtained 
from the legislature 
large grants of land 
to be used for educa- 
tional purposes. He 
was consecrated 
vicar-apostolic of 
Texas and _ titular 
bishop of ‘* Claudiop- 
olis” at New Orleans, 
La., March 6, 1842, 4 

by Bishop Blanc of 

New Orleans, assisted by Bishops Portier and 
Chanche. He repaired the old church at San 
Antonio and established several schools, but 
in 1845 his financial resources failed him and 
he went to Europe to obtain help. He was pro- 
moted bishop of Galveston on the creation of 
that see, April 23, 1847; established a convent of 
Ursuline nuns at that place, and in November, 
1854, founded the College of the Immaculate 


Conception (St. Mary’s university) at Galveston. 


In 1857 he obtained a charter creating it St. 
Mary’s university. He was translated to New 
Orleans as archbishop in February, 1861, and 
went to Rome in 1869. He died while visiting 
his home at Ambierle, France, May 25, 1870. 

O’DONNELL, James, representative, was born 
in Norwalk, Conn., March 25, 1842; son of John 
and Anne O’Donnell. His parents settled in 
Jackson, Mich., in 1850. He wasan apprentice in. 
the office of the Citizen, 1854-55, and a journey- 
man printer in several of the western states, 
1856-61. He enlisted for three months’ service as. 
a private in the lst Michigan infantry and took 
part in the first battle of Bull Run. He was re- 
corder of the city of Jackson, 1863-67, and in 1864. 
purchased the Weekly Citizen, establishing it as. 
a daily in 1865. He was a presidential elector on 
the Grant and Wilson ticket in 1872, and mayor 
of Jackson, 1876-78. He was married, Aug. 15, 
1879, to Sarah, daughter of John George of Den- 
ver, Col. He was a Republican representative. 
from the third Michigan district in the 49th, 50th, 
5ist and 52d congresses, 1885-93, serving as 
chairman of the committee on education in the 
dist congress. At the close of his term, March 3, 


1893, resumed the management and editorship of 
the Citizen. 


[50] 





wes 








O'DONOVAN 


O’DONOVAN, William Rudolf, sculptor. was 


- born in Preston county, Va.. March 28, 1844; son 


of James Hayes and Mary (Bright) O'Donovan ; 
grandson of Jeremiah and Jenette (Dunbar) 
O'Donovan, who were forced to escape to Amer- 
ica in consequence of participation in the revolu- 
tion of 1798, anda descendant of the elder branch 
of the O’Donovans. He was self-taught in the 
sculptor’s art. As a boy he served in the Con- 
federate army, and in 1865 he removed to New 
York city, where he opened a studio as a sculptor. 
He was elected an associate of the National 
Academy of Design in 1878, and a member of the 
Society of American Artists in 1880, of the Archi- 
tectural League in 1887, and of the National 
Sculpture society at its formation in 1896. The 
subjects of his many portrait busts and bas reliefs 
include: The Hon. John A. Kennedy (1876); Wil- 
liam Page, N.A., Winslow Homer, N.A., and 
Thomas Eakins of Philadelphia (1877): Erminnie 
A. Smith and R. Swain Gifford, N.A. (1879); 
Edmund C. Stedman, Arthur Quartley, N.A., 
Walt Whitman (1892); Gen. Joseph Wheeler 
(1896); President Charles P. Daly, for the Amer- 
ican Geographical society (1899), and the Hon. 
Andrew H. Green (1900). He also executed a 
memorial tablet to Bayard Taylor, for Cornell 
university ; a statue of Archbishop Hughes, for 
St. John’s college, Fordham, N.Y.; a statue of 


’ General Wagner, for Charleston, 8.C.; statues of 


Washington, for the government of Venezuela 
(1880); for the monument commemorating the 
peace of Newburgh, N.Y. (1886-87), and for the 
Trenton battle monument, and also for the inter- 
ior of the latter; a bust of Gen. William S. 
Stryker, late president of the Trenton Battle 
Monument association; equestrian statues of 
Lincoln and Grant, for the soldiers’ and sailors’ 
arch, Prospect Park, Brooklyn, N.Y.; a monu- 
ment tothe captors of André at Tarrytown, N.Y.; 
two figures for the soldiers’ monument at Law- 
rence, Mass.: two bas-reliefs for the monument 
commemorating the battle of Oriskany (1883), and 
many other works of equal importance. He is 
the author of a series of papers on the Portraits 
of Washington. 

OERTEL, Johannes Adam, clergyman and 
artist, was born in Fiirth,near Niremberg, Ba- 
varia, Nov. 3, 1823; eldest son of Thomas Friedrich 
and Maria Magdalena(Mennesd6rfer)Oertel. His 
father was a skilful workerin metals. He visited 
the art department of the Polytechnic institute 
at Niiremberg as a boy, but deciding to become a 
missionary began preparatory studies under the 
Rev. Wilhelm Loehe at Merkendorf, Bay., who 
in turn persuaded him to follow art, and recom- 
mended him as a pupil to the noted engraver, J. 
M. Enzing-Miiller, in Niremberg, with whom he 
subsequently spent some years in Munich. In 


O’FARRELL 


the spring of 1848 they immigrated with some fel- 
low students to the United States, landing at 
New York, and Mr. Oertel was for a short time a 
teacher of art in Newark, N.J. He resided in 
Madison, N.J., until 1857, then in Brooklyn, 
N.Y., removing in 1861 to Westerly, R.I., where 
he built a commodious studio, which he occupied 
for seven years. In 1851 he was married to 
Julia Adelaide, daughter of Asa Torrey of New- 
ark, N.J. In 1867 he was admitted to the 
diaconate of the P. E. church at Christ church, 
Westerly, R.I., and in 1870 to the priesthood at 
Lenoir, N.C., in the parish church he served for 
seven years. Subsequently he was rector of 
Grace church, Morganton, N.C., for a year anda 
half ; was active both as a clergyman and artist 
for one year in Florida, and then at Sewanee 
and Nashville, Tenn., and St. Louis, Mo., until 
1891; for although he had no longer charge of 
any parish as rector, his services as a clergyman 
were almost constant, art constituting his means 
of support. His canonical residence remained in 
the diocese of Tennessee. For many years he 
was an associate member of the National Academy 
of Design, and he received the honorary degree of 
D.D. from the University of the South in 1899. 
For many years he devoted himself chiefly to 
Christian art, and his work is in numerous 
churches in New York, Glen Cove, L.I., Lenoir, 
N.C., St. Louis, Mo., Jackson, Tenn., Emmorton 
and Belair, Md.. and especially in Washington, 
D.C. To painting he joined elaborate carving in 
wood. The work by which heis widest known is 
The Rock of Ages, published in many ways, and 
painted at Westerly in 1862. But the principal 
labor of his life is a series of four elaborate com- 
positions, delineating the grand epic of man’s 
redemption, and embracing the whole scheme 
from after the Fall in Genesis to Revelation, of 
which the first painting is: The Dispensations of 
Promise and the Law; the second, The Redeemer ; 
the third, The Dispensation of the Holy Spirit, 
and the fourth, The Final Victory of Good over 
Evil (Rev. xx. from v. 11.), completed in 1901. 
This series on large canvasses, the artist donated 
to the University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., 
where there are also several other of his paint- 
ings. 

O’FARRELL, Michael Joseph, R.C. bishop, 
was born in Limerick, Ireland, Dec. 2, 1832. He 
attended the College of All-Hallows’, and the 
Seminary of St. Sulpice, Paris, and was ordained 
in the Limerick cathedral, Aug. 18, 1850. He 
joined the Order of St. Sulpice, and was at the 
end of his novitiate appointed professor of 
dogmatic theology in the College of St. Sulpice. 
He immigrated to Canada. was appointed pro- 
fessor in the Seminary of St. Sulpice, Montreal ; 
removed to the United States, entering the diocese 


[51] 


O’FERRALL 


of New York as a secular priest, and was placed 
in charge of St. Patrick’s church. He was assis- 
tant pastor of St. Peter’s church, New York city, 
1869-72; pastor of St. Mary’s, Rondout, N.Y., 
1872-73, and in 1873 he was returned to St. 
Peter's as its pastor. He also established a parish 
school in connection with the church. He was 
elected bishop of the newly erected see of Trenton, 
N.J., in 1881, and was consecrated inSt. Patrick’s 
cathedral, Nov. 1, 1881, by Cardinal McCloskey. 
He collected and prepared for Father Thomas 
Burke, the historical facts on which he based his 
argument on the oppression of Ireland. He was 
a member of the third plenary council at Balti- 
more. He bequeathed various sums to charitable, 
religious and educational institutions, and the 
bulk of his estate to the founding of an industrial 
school and orphan asylum at Hopewell, N.J. 
He died at Trenton, N.J., April 2, 1894. 
O’FERRALL, Charles Triplett, governor of 
Virginia, was bornat Brucetown, Va., Oct. 21, 
1840; son of John and Jane Lawrence (Green) 
O’Ferrall, and grandson of Dr. John C. Green. His 
father was of Irish descent, a soldier in the war of 
1812, justice of the 
peace, sheriff, repre- 
sentative in the state 
legislature, and clerk 


of the court. Upon 
his death in 1856 
Charles, who had 


already served as as- 
sistant clerk under his 
father, was appointed 
clerk pro-tempore of 
the Morgan county 
court, and in 1858 was 
elected to the position 
for the term of six 
years, three years 
of which term he was 
aminor. In May, 1861, he gave up his office, 
which exempted him from military service, 
and joined the Confederate cavalry, and soon 
after was made sergeant. He was elected 1st 
lieutenant of Company I, 12th Virginia cavalry 
in April, 1862, and captainin August following 
serving in Ashby’s brigade. He remained with 
the army four years, was wounded several times, 
was twice left on the field for dead, received 
repeated promotions, and when he held the last 
Confederate line in the Shenandoah Valley, after 
the surrender of Lee, was colonel of the 23rd 
Virginia cavalry, in command of his regiment, 
and several separate battalions constituting all 
the Confederate cavalry in the valley. He had 
two engagements with Federal cavalry, and 
captured the last Federal prisoner taken on 
Virginia soil after Lee’s surrender, of which he 





[5 


OGDEN 


learned some days thereafter. He studied law in 
Washington college, Lexington, Va., and was 
graduated, LL.B., 1869. He practiced law in 
Harrisonburg, and was a representative in the 
state legislature for Rockingham county, 1872; 
county judge, 1873-79 ; Democratic representative 
from the seventh district of Virginia in the 48th- 
52d congresses, 1883-93, serving as chairman of 
the committee on mines and mining in the 
49th congress and on the committee on elec- 
tions in the 53d and 54th congresses. He was 
governor of Virginia, 1893-97, and on Jan. 1, 1898, 
retired from political life to engage in the practice 
of law in Richmond, Va. He was twice married, 
first to Annie, daughter of Col. Robert McLean, 
of the 37th Mississipi regiment, killed at the 
battle of Corinth, 1862; and secondly to Jennie 
Wickliffe, daughter of Col. William C. Knight 
of Richmond, Va. 

OFFICER, Thomas, educator, was born in 
Washington, Pa., Dec. 28, 1822; son of Robert 
and Margaret (Scott) Officer, and a descendant 
of Thomas Officer. He was graduated at Wash- 
ington college, Pa., A.B., 1840, A.M., 1848; was 
ateacher in the Deaf and Dumb _ institute, 
Columbus, Ohio, 1840-45; principal of the Illinois 
Deaf and Dumb Institute, Jacksonville, 1845-55 ; 
president of the board of directors of the Iowa 
Deaf and Dumb institute, Council Bluffs. Iowa; 
ruling elder of the Presbyterian church, Council 
Bluffs, 1856-1900, and was engaged in banking, 
1857-1900. He was married, Aug. 8, 1848, to 
Elizabeth M., daughter of Nathan Pusey of 
Washington city, Pa. He died in Council Bluffs, 
Iowa, Sep. 12, 1900. 

OGDEN, Aaron, patriot, was born in Elizabeth- 
town, N.J., Dec. 3, 1756; son of Robert Ogden 
(1716-1787), and great-grandson of Jonathan 
Ogden, one of the original founders of Elizabeth- 
town. He was graduated from the College of 
New Jersey, A.B., 1778, A.M., 1776, and. was 
assistant instructor in the grammar school. He 
was a member of the expedition under Lord 
Stirling that captured the British supply-ship, 
Blue Mountain Valley, lying in New York harbor 
in the winter of 1775-76, and in 1777 was enlisted 
as captain in the ist New Jersey regiment, of 
which his brother Matthias was colonel. He 
took part in the battle of Brandywine, Sept. 11, 
1777; the battle of Monmouth, June 27, 1778, 
where he was brigade-major of the advance 
corps of Gen. Charles Lee, and assistant aide- 
de-camp to Lord Stirling: and the battle of 
Springfield, N.J.. June 23, 1780, where his horse 
was shot. He was included among the officers 
who received a vote of thanks from congress. 
In 1779 he was entrusted by Washington with 
the official account of the trial of André, the 


decision of the court, and the letter addressed by 
] 


OGDEN 


André to his commander, which he delivered to 
the commandant at Paulus Hook. When the 
communication with Sir Henry Clinton was 
established, the unofficial verbal offer of Wash- 
ington to Sir Henry Clinton to exchange Major 
André for Benedict Arnold was suggested and 
declined, as Sir Henry’s honor would not allow the 
surrender of Arnold. Ogden 
served in Virginia under 
Lafayette, and was present at 
the surrender of Lord Corn- 
wallis at Yorktown. He 
returned to New Jersey upon 
the close of the war, and 
: successfully practised law. 
He was married in October, 1787, to Elizabeth, 
daughter of John Chetwood. He was appointed 
lieutenant-colonel of the 11th U.S. infantry, Jan. 
8, 1799, and served as deputy quartermaster-gen- 
eral of the U.S. army from Feb. 26, to June 15, 
1800. He waselected to the U.S. senate, Sept. 28, 
1801,to fill the unexpired term of James Schureman 
resigned, Feb. 6, remaining in office until March 
4, 1803. He was a boundary commissioner. 1806 ; 
succeeded Joseph Bloomfield as governor of 
New Jersey by choice of the legislature, Oct. 29, 
1812, serving, 1812-13, and refused the commission 
of major-general in the U.S. army in 1812. In 
1813 he engaged in steamboating, and attempted 
to run a boat between Elizabethtown and New 
York. This scheme brought him in conflict with 
Robert Fulton and the Livingstons, who had 
exclusive patents to navigate the waters of New 
York state by steam for a number of years. As 
Ogden held the same privilege in New Jersey 
waters, the result was a state controversy in 
which Ogden was defeated, losing his entire 
fortune in litigation. He removed to Jersey City, 
N.J., in 1829, where he filled a position in the 
custom house. He was a charter member of the 
New Jersey branch of the Society of the 
Cincinnati in 1783, was its president, 1824-29, 
and president general of the organization, 1829-39. 
He was a trustee of the College of New Jersey, 
1817-39, and the honorary degree of LL.D. was 
conferred on him by that institution in 1816. 
He died in Jersey City, N.J., April 19, 1839. 
OGDEN, David, royalist, was born in Newark, 
N.J., about 1707. He was graduated from Yale, 
A.B., 1728, A.M., 1731, studied law in Newark, 
N.J., and became one of the most prominent 
lawyers in the province. He was made a member 
of the Royal council in April, 1751; was judge of 
the superior court, and served as judge of the 
supreme court of New Jersey, 1772-76. Upon 
the outbreak of the Revolution, being an avowed 
royalist, he was compelled to go to England. 
In 1779 he was a member of the board of refugees, 
and drew up a plan of government for the colo- 





[53] 


OGDEN 


nies in case they should submit to Great Britain. 
On the close of the war he returned to New Jer- 
sey, but was sent to England in 1783 as agent for 
the state royalists, to prosecute their claims for 
compensation. He obtained an allowance for his 
own estates, and in 1789 returned to the United 
States and settled at Whitestone, N.Y., where he 
died in June, 1800, 

OGDEN, Henry Warren, representative, was 
born in Abingdon, Va., Oct. 21, 1842; son of 
Elias and Louisa (Gordon) Ogden ; great-grandson 
of Elias and Maria (Anderson) Ogden, and great?- 
grandson of Robert Ogden, speaker of the Colo- 
nial house of representatives of New Jersey, and 
a descendant of John Ogden, an early settler of 
the island of Manhattan and the colony of New 
Jersey. His parents removed to Warrensburg, 
Mo., in 1851, where he worked on the farm and 
attended the district school in the winter. He 
entered the Confederate army in 1861, and served 
in the Trans-Mississippi department, first as a 
lieutenant in the 16th Missouri infantry, and 
afterward on the staff of Col. S. P. Burns, com- 
manding the 2d brigade, M. M. Parson’s Missouri 
division, in Price’s army in Louisiana. He was 
paroled at Shreveport, La., June 8, 1865, and en- 
gaged in farming at Benton, La. He was a mem- 
ber of the state constitutional convention in 1879, 
represented the parish of Bossier in the state 
legislature, 1880-88, being chairman of the com- 
mittee on ways and means in 1882, and speaker 
of the house, 1884-88. He was a Democratic 
representative from the fourth Louisiana district 
in the 58rd congress to fill the vacancy caused by 
the appointment of Representative N. C. Blanch- 
ard to the U.S. senate, March 12, 1894, and was re- 
elected to the 54th and 55th congresses, serving, 
1894-99. He was defeated for re-nomination in 
1898, and at the close of his term retired from 
public life. 

OGDEN, Matthias, soldier, was born in Eliza- 
bethtown, N.J., in 1755; son of Robert Ogden 
(1716-1787), member of the King’s council, and 
delegate to the Provincial congress in New York, 
Oct. 25, 1765. He enlisted in the patriot army at 
the outbreak of the Revolution, and joined Wash- 
ington at Cambridge. He accompanied Benedict 
Arnold in the march to Quebec and was severely 
wounded in the assault on that city, Dec. 31, 
1775. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel 
of the 1st battalion, established, March 7, 1776, 
and was subsequently promoted colonel of the 
1st New Jersey regiment, retaining the command 
till the close of the war. He was taken prisoner 
at Elizabethtown, N.J., in November, 1780, and 
was the originator of the unsuccessful attempt 
to capture Prince William Henry, in March, 
1782, which exploit he commanded in person. 
He was granted a leave of absence by congress 


OGDEN 


in 1783, visited Europe, and while in France was 
presented with the honor of le droit du tabouret 
by Louis XVI. He was brevetted brigadier- 
general, Sept. 20, 1783; was a representative in 
the state legislature in 1785, and a presidential 
elector in 1789. He died in Elizabethtown, N.J., 
March 31, 1791. 

OGDEN, Thomas Ludlow, lawyer, was born 
at Newark. N.J., Dec. 12, 1778; son of Abraham 
and Sarah (Ludlow) Ogden; grandson of David 
(born 1707) and Martha (Hammond) Ogden, and 
a descendant of John Ogden of Elizabethtown, 
N.J., (1610-1681), one of the founders of that 
place. Abraham Ogden (1748-1800) was owner 
of Washington’s headquarters in Morristown, 
N.J., and a friend of Washington. Thomas Lud- 
low Ogden was graduated from Columbia in 1791 ; 
studied law with his father and with Richard 
Harrison, and was admitted to the bar in 1796. 
He was associated with Alexander Hamilton in 
the practice of law in New York, and was the 
counsellor for many corporations, including the 
Holland Land company. He was a trustee of the 
Indian reservation lands ; of Sailors’ Snug Harbor, 
NewYork ; law officer of Trinity church corpora- 
tion; clerk, vestryman and senior warden of 
Trinity church; one of the original trustees of 





GENERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY -AN.Ys 


the General Theological Seminary of New York ; 
one of the founders and vice-president of the 
Protestant Episcopal Society for Promoting Re- 
ligion and Learning in the State of New York, 
and a trustee of Columbia college, 1817-44. He 
died in New York city, Dec. 17, 1844. 

OGDEN, Uzal, clergyman, was born in New- 
ark, N.J., in 1744; son of Uzal Ogden (who died 
in 1780); grandson of David and Abigail Ogden, 
and a descendant of John and Jane (Bond) 
Ogden. John Ogden, said to have been a native 
of Kent county, England, was settled at Stam- 
ford, Conn., in 1641; removed to Hempstead, 
L.I., in 1644; to Southampton, L.I., in 1647, and 
afterward became one of the founders of Eliza- 
bethtown, N.J., and prominent in its affairs until 
his death in 1681. Uzal Ogden was prepared for 
the ministry in Elizabethtown, N.J., under the 
Rev. Dr. Chandler and was ordained both deacon 


[54] 


OGILBY. 


and priest in the Established church, in the chapel 
of the Episcopal palace at Fulham, Middlesex, 
Sept. 21,1773, by the Bishop of London. He re- 
turned to New Jersey, where he labored all his 
life. He preached occasionally in Trinity church, 
Newark, N.J., 1779-88 ; was an assistant minister 
of Trinity parish, New York city, 1784-89, and 
was also connected with St. John’s church in 
Elizabethtown, N.J., and with a chapel at what 
is now Belleville, N.J. He was rector of Trinity 
church, Newark, N.J., 1788-1805; was elected 
bishop of New Jersey, Aug. 16, 1798, but conse- 
cration was refused him by the General conven- 
tion in June, 1799, on the grounds that doubts 
existed as to his qualifications in accordance with 
the canon. A special convention of New Jersey in 
October, 1799, asked that he be consecrated with- 
out delay, but nothing further is recorded until 
1804, when h~. was requested by the New Jersey 
convention to resign the rectorship of Trinity 
church, Newark, which he at first refused to do. 
Finally, however, he withdrew from the Protest- 
ant Episcopal church, but claimed the right to 
officiate as rector under his ordination to the 
priesthood in the Established church, and in con- 
sequence was suspended by the standing commit- 
tee from ministerial duty in New Jersey, with 
the consent of Bishop Moore of New York, on 
May 9, 1805. On Oct. 16, 1805, he joined the 
Presbyterian ministry, although he never held a 
stated charge. He received the degree of D.D. 
from the College of New Jersey in 1798. He was 
married to Mary, daughter of Samuel Gouver- 
neur of New Jersey, in 1774. He published nu- 
merous letters, sermons and addresses, and An- 
tidote to Deism (2 vols., 1795). He died in New- 
ark, N.J., Nov. 4, 1822: 

OGILBY, John David, clergyman, was born 
in Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 30, 1810; son of Leonard 
and Eliza (Darley) Ogilby. His parents immi- 
grated to the United States in 1816, and he was 
graduated at Columbia college, A.B., 1829, A.M., 
1833. He was the first rector of Columbia College 
grammar school, 1829-30 ; established and con- 
ducted a private school with Lorenzo L. Daponte, 
1830-32, and was professor of ancient languages 
in Rutgers college, New Brunswick, N.J., 1832-40. 
In the meantime he studied theology and was or- 
dained to the Protestant Episcopal ministry in 
1838. He served as substitute in various city 
churches, 1838-40, and during the absence of his 
brother, the Rev. Frederick Ogilby (born 1813-died 
1878), in Europe, had charge of his church, the As- 
cension, in Philadelphia. He was professor of 
ecclesiastical history in the General Theological 
seminary, New York city, 1841-49, visiting 
Europe for the benefit of his health in 1842, 1846 
and 1849. He accepted the rectorship of Grace 
church at Newark, N.J., in 1846, but on the urgent 


OGILVIE 


request of the faculty of the seminary, he re- 
tained his professorship. He purchased a resi- 
dence in Sing Sing, N.Y., and there founded All 
Saints’ church, Briar Cliff, which was not finished 
until after his death. He received the degree 
D.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 
1848. He was married first, April 15, 1834, to 
Cornelia D., daughter of Joseph Warren Scott of 
New Brunswick, N.J.; and secondly, Jan. 17, 
1839, to Anna Helena, daughter of Dr. F. R. 
Smith of New Brunswick, N.J. lie is the author 
of: An Outline of the Argument against the Va- 
lidity of Baptism (1842); The Catholic Church in 
England and America (1844), and edited Jacob’s 
Latin Reader, with notes partly translated from 
the German and partly gathered from other 
sources. He left an incomplete MS. of a large 
work on Ecclesiastical History. He died in Paris, 
France, Feb. 2, 1851, and his body was sent back 
to America and buried in the churchyard of 
Christ church, New Brunswick, N. J. 

OGILVIE, Clinton, painter, was born in New 
York city, Dec. 28, 1838; son of William Halsey 
Ogilvie. He was a pupil of James M. Hart (q. v.), 
in New York, and was in Paris, 1866-67. He es- 
tablished a studio in New York city in 1867, de- 
voting himself to landscape painting, and made 
asecond visit to Paris, 1872-73. He occupied 
his studio in New York, 1873-79; resided at 
Nice, Mentone and other art centers of Europe, 
1879-83, and Was again in New York, 1883-1900. 
In 1864 he was made an associate of the National 
Academy of Design, where he exhibited regularly. 
His subjects were mostly French and Swiss land- 
scape, his American pictures including: Among 
the Adirondacks (1874); The Sunny Summer- 
Time (1876); Summer Afternoon in the Adiron- 
dacks (1877); The Mountain Brook (1878). He 
’ died in New York city, Nov. 2, 1900. 

OGLE, Benjamin, governor of Maryland, was 
born in Annapolis, Md., Feb. 7, 1746; son of Gov. 
Samuel and Ann (Tasker) Ogle, and grandson of 
Samuel Ogle of Northumberland county, Eng- 
land, and of Goy. Benjamin Tasker. He was 
educated in England; was a 
member of the council prior 
to the Revolution, and served 
on the committee of observa- 
tion for Frederick county. 
He was the tenth governor of 
Maryland, 1798-1801, and on 
Feb. 11, 1800, issued a 
proclamation making the day of Washington’s 
death ‘‘a day of mourning, humiliation and 
prayer,” which custom continued to be observed 
by the succeeding governors of Maryland. He 
resided on the estate ‘‘ Belair” in Prince George 
county, which descended to him through Gov. 
Benjamin Tasker. He was married first to 





[55] 


OGLESBY 


Rebecca Stilley, and secondly to Henrietta Mar- 
garet, daughter of Henry and Mary (Thomas) 
Hill. He died at ‘‘ Belair,” Prince George county, 
Md., July 6, 1809. 

OGLE, Charles, representative, was born in 
Somerset, Pa., in 1798; son of Gen, Alexander 


’ Ogle, a native of Maryland, who removed to Som- 


erset county, Pa., where he was a member of 
both houses of the state legislature for many years 
from 1806; a representative in the 15th congress, 
1817-19; general in the state militia, and died, Oct. 
14, 1852. Charles Ogle studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1819. He settled in practice 
in Somerset ; was a general in the state militia ; 
a Whig representative from Pennsylvania in the 
25th and 226th congresses, 1837-41, and elected 
to the 27th congress, but did not live to take his 
seat. He died in Somerset, Pa., May 10, 1841. 

OGLE, Samuel, colonial governor of Maryland, 
was born in England about 1694; son of Samuel 
Ogle of Northumberland county, England. He 
was captain in a cavalry regiment in the British 
army, and was governor of Maryland under 
proprietary government from September, 1731, 
until the return of Lord Baltimore in 1732. He 
went back to England, was promoted in the army, 
was again governor of Maryland, 1735-42, and a 
third time, 1747-52. His third appointment in- 
duced him to take his wife with him, and he left 
England in the ship Neptune, March 12, 1747, and 
resided on a fine estate in Anne Arundel county. 
He was married in England to Ann, daughter of 
Benjamin Tasker, who was president of the 
Maryland council during his last administration 
and upon whom the government devolved at his 
death, until the arrival of Horatio Sharpe, the 
next governor appointed by the crown. He died 
in Annapolis, Md., May 8, 1752. 

OGLESBY, Richard James, governor of IIli- 
nois, was born in Oldham county, Ky., July 25, 
1824. His parents died in 1832, and he removed 
to Decatur, IIll., in 1836 with his uncle Willis 
Oglesby, working there as a farm-hand and car- 
penter. He studied law under Judge Silas W. 
Robinson at Springfield, Ill., 1844-45, and was 
licensed to practise in 1845. He joined the 4th 
Illinois volunteers for service in the Mexican war 
and was commissioned ist lieutenant. He saw 
service at Vera Cruz and at Cerro Gordo, resum- 
ing his law practice in Decatur, IL, in 1847. He 
was graduated at the Louisville, Ky., law school, 
LL.B., 1849; engaged in seeking gold in Califor- 
nia, 1849-51, and in 1851, having gained $4,500 
in California, he again took up the practice of 
law in Decatur. He traveled in Europe, Egypt 
and the Holy Land, 1856-57. In 1858 he was the 
unsuccessful Republican candidate for represen- 
tative in the 36th congress, was elected in 1860 
to the Illinois senate, resigning his seat, April 


OGLETHORPE 


25, 1861, to accept the coloneley of the 8th Illinois 
volunteers. He commanded the 1st brigade, Ist 
division, under General Grant, at Forts Henry 
and Donelson, and with his 
brigade was the first to enter 
Fort Henry. He was pro- 
moted brigadier-general of 
volunteers, March 21, 1862, 
for gallantry at the capture 
of Fort Donelson. He was in 

; : command of the 2d brigade, 
2d division, Army of West Tennessee, at the 
battle of Corinth, and was severely wounded, Oct. 
3, 1862. He was promoted major-general of vol- 
unteers in November, 1862, and returned to 
active service in April, 1863, when he commanded 
the left wing of the 16th Army corps. He resigned 
in May, 1864. He was three timeselected governor 
of Illinois on the Republican ticket, serving, 
1865-69, 1873 and 1885-89. He resigned in 1873 
to take his seat in the U.S. senate as successor to 
Lyman Trumbull, and served in that body until 
March 3, 1879, declining re-election, and retiring 
to private life, 1889. He died in Elkhart, IIL, 
April 24, 1899. 

OGLETHORPE, James Edward, founder of 
the colony of Georgia, was born at Westbrooke 
Piace, near London, England, Dec. 21, 1688; son 
of Sir Theophilus and Eleanor (Wall) Oglethorpe. 
He matriculated at Corpus Christi college, Ox- 
ford, in 1704, but entered military service about 
1706, being commissioned ensign in 1710. He was 
attached to the suite of the Earl of Peterborough, 
ambassador to Sicily, in 1713, and was promoted 
lieutenant in the Guards of Queen Anne in 1714. 
He was aide-de-camp to Prince Eugene at the de- 
feat of the grand vizier Ali at Peterwaradin, 
Austria, Aug. 5, 1716, and at the siege and cap- 
ture of Belgrade in August, 1717. He returned 
in 1719, and resumed his studies at Oxford. He 
succeeded to the Westbrooke estate in 1722, and 
was a member of Parliament from Haslemere, in 
Surrey, 1722-54. About 1728 he turned the atten- 
tion of Parliament to the relief of unfortunate 
debtors, large numbers of whom were imprisoned 
in London and cruelly treated, and was appointed 
chairman of a committee to visit the prisons, 
He proposed to establish a colony for the perma- 
nent relief of about 700 persons confined for debt, 
believing that on their liberation from prison, 
they would need new surroundings and oppor- 
tunities. The scheme found especial favor with 
the king, because it was proposed to make the 
new colony a refuge for the persecuted Protes- 
tants of Germany and other countries in Europe, 
and he granted to Lord Percival, James Ogle- 
thorpe, Edmund Digby and others on June 9, 
1732, a charter of incorporation, giving them title 
to the land on the coast of America between the 





[56] 


OGLETHORPE 


Savannah and Altamaharivers. The colony was 
named Georgia in the king’s honor, and Parlia- 
ment granted the proprietors £10,000. A large 
sum was also raised by subscription for provision- 
ing, arming, clothing and transporting such poor 
people as should be selected. Oglethorpe, with 
the power of a colonial governor, reached Charles- 
ton, 8.C., with the members of 35 families, num- 
bering 150 in all, Jan. 138, 1733. A settlement 
was made at Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah 
river, and shortly afterward a treaty of peace 
was concluded with the several tribes of Indians, 
Oglethorpe laid out the side of Fort Argyle in 
June, 17338, his object being to secure Georgia 
from invasion by the Spaniards of Florida. He 
returned to England in April, 1734, accompanied 
by the chief of the Yamacraws, together with his. 
wife and his nephew, the war captain of that 
tribe, five chiefs of the Creeks, and a chief from 
Palachicolas, alt of whom were presented to 
King George and Queen Caroline at Kensington 
Palace, Aug. 1, 1734. Oglethorpe sent the Indians 
back, with 150 Scottish Highlanders to protect 
the colonists, and they reached Georgia in De- 
cember, 1734. Oglethorpe came back to Georgia 
in December, 1785, bringing with him nearly 300 
immigrants, and John and Charles Wesley, who 
preached and established missions in the colony 
and among the Indians. The colony progressed 
rapidly under his management, but early in 1736 
was attacked by the Spaniards. Convinced that 
war was inevitable, Oglethorpe hastened to Eng 
land, raised a regiment of 600 men, secured the 
sum of £20,000, and was appointed colonel of a 
regiment to be raised in Georgia. He arrived in 
September, 1738, and in October, 1739, war was 
declared against Spain by England. In the mean- 


time Oglethorpe was diligently employed in erect- | 


ing defensive works, in training his men, and in 
strengthening his Indian alliances. In obedi- 
ence to orders received in January, 1740. he in- 
vaded Florida. He made an unsuccessful attack 
on St. Augustine in the summer of 1741, and in 
May, 1742, learned that the Spaniards planned to. 
drive the English from Georgia and South Caro- 
lina. He defeated the Spaniards at Frederica, 
St. Simons, Jekyl Island, St. Andrews, Fort Wil- 
liam and Fort Moosa, forcing them to retire. 
Oglethorpe went back to England in April, 1748, 
by order of the king and never returned to Georgia. 
He was married, Sept. 15, 1744, to Elizabeth, 
daughter of Sir Nathan Wright of Cranham Hall, 
Essex, England. He was commissioned major- 
general in 1745 and lieutenant-general in 1747, and 
was sent to Scotland to oppose Charles Edward, 
the pretender. He complained to the Duke 
of Cumberland of cruelties practised upon the. 
people of Scotland, who were adherents of Prince 


Charles, and was honorably acquitted by a court-_ 


O’GORMAN 


martial for his failure to pursue the Pretender’s 
retreating forcesat Carlisle. He resigned his char- 
ter of Georgia to the British government in 1752 ; 
withdrew from Parliament in 1754, and was com- 
missioned general of his majesty’s forces in 1760. 
He was placed on half pay in February, 1765, 
and in 1775, being the senior officer to Sir Wil- 
liam Howe, was offered the command of the 
British army in America, which he declined, be- 
cause authority to assure justice to the colonies 
was denied him. He was one of the first to pay 
his respects to John Adams, U.S. minister, and 
‘his family in London in 1783. He published: An 
Account of the St. Augustine Campaign (1742 
His New and Accurate Account of the Colonies of 
South Carolina and Georgia and his letters to the 
trustees of the colony are printed in the ‘‘ Collec- 
tions” of the Georgia Historical society. He 
died at Cranham Hall, England, July 1, 1785. 

O’GORMAN, James Michael, R.C. bishop, was 
born at Clauna, near Nenagh, county Tipperary, 
Ireland, in October, 1804; son of James and 
Alicia O’Gorman. He was baptized with the 
christian name Miles, and was educated for the 
priesthood, entering the Trappist order in 1838. 
He received the habit at Mt. Melleray, Ireland, 
Noy. 1, 1839 ; professed, March 25, 1841, and was 
ordained priest in January, 1843, in the Trappist 
cloister at Mount Melleray, Ireland, by Bishop 
Foran of Waterford, Ireland. Appointed to 
found a monastery of the Trappist order in the 
United States, he established New Melleray near 
Dubuque, Ia., and was made its prior. He was 
elected titular bishop of ‘‘ Raphanze” and vicar 
apostolic of Nebraska, Jan. 18, 1859; the election 
was confirmed, April 15, 1859, and he was con- 
secrated in the cathedral of St. Louis, May 
8, 1859, by Archbishop P. R. Kenrick, assisted 
by Bishops Miége and Juncker. He had only 
three priests when he entered upon the adminis- 
tration of his diocese, but several were sent to 
his assistance, and churches and schools were 
built. He established a hospital and an asylum, 
and founded academies, all of which were con- 
trolled by the Sisters of Mercy and _ the 
Benedictine Nuns. He also labored among the 
Indians and established several missions. He 
died in Omaha, Neb., July 4, 1874. 

O’GORMAN, Thomas, R.C. bishop, was born 
in Boston, Mass., May 1, 1848; son of John and 
Margaret (O’Keefe) O’Gorman ; grandson of James 
O’Gorman, and a descendant of the Leinster 
branch of the O’Gormans, originally of county 
Clare, Ireland. He removed to Chicago, IIL, 
with his parents, and was prepared for college in 
that city and in St. Paul, Minn., 1850-53. He 
took his theological course in France, 1853-65, 
and was ordained at St. Paul, Minn., on Nov. 5, 
1865. He was rector of St. John’s church, 


[5 


O'HAGAN 


Rochester, Minn., 1867-78; joined the Paulist 
community in New York city, remaining there, 
1878-82, and was rector of Immaculate Conception, 
Faribault, Minn., 1882-85. He was first president 
of the College of St. Thomas at Merriam Park, 
St. Paul, Minn., and professor of dogmatic 
theology in the same, 1886-90, and professor of 
modern church history in the Catholic university 
at Washington, D.C,, 1890-95. He was appointed 
bishop of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Dec, 29, 
1895, as successor to Bishop Marty, transferred to 
St. Cloud in 1894, and was consecrated at Wash- 
ington, D.C., April 19, 1896, by Cardinal Satolli, 
assisted by Bishop Marty and Bishop Keane, 
rector of the Catholic university. He received 
the degree D.D. direct from the hands of Pope 
Leo XIII in 18938. Heisthe author of: A History’ 
of the Roman Catholic Church in the United 
States. 

O’HAGAN, Joseph Bernard, educator, was 
born in parish Clogher, county Tyrone, Ireland, 
Aug. 15, 1826 ; son of Terence and Susan (O’Kelly) 
O'Hagan ; grandson of Edward and Sarah (Quinn) 
O’Hagan, and of John and Mary (O’Neil) O’Kelly, 
and a descendant of Sir Hugh O’Neil. He im- 
migrated to Digby, N.S., in 1844, and completed 
his classical course atSt. Mary’s college, Halifax, 
N.S. He was admitted to the seminary of the 
Eudist Fathers of Halifax, and in December, 1847, 
entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus. 
He was professor at Gonzaga college, Washing- 
ton, D.C., 1852-54, and professor of literature at 
Georgetown college, 1854-56. He completed his 
theological studies in France, and was ordained 
at Liége, Belgium, in 1860. In the civil war he 
was attached to the Excelsior brigade, New York 
volunteers, as chaplain, 1861-63. He pursued a 
course of ascetical theology at Frederick, Md., 
1863-64, and was made vice-president of George- 
town college in 1864, leaving the college to serve 
in the army of General Grant, operating against 
Richmond and Petersburg. After the surrender 
of Lee he returned to his professional duties, 
chiefly at St. Mary’s, and at the Immaculate 


-* HOLY CROSS COLLEGE :: 










11 x es : i in 
Wy VUE UPETERREEE Wet 





fet 

v ee’ Bey 
eo lacy a 
’ EP pp es 
Conception church, Boston, Mass. In July, 1872, 
he succeeded to the presidency of Holy Cross 


college, Worcester, Mass., and in 1878, by order 


7] 


O'HARA 


of his physician, started for California. He made 
the voyage until nearing Acapulco, Mexico, when 
he died at sea, and his remains were temporarily 
interred on reaching Acapulco. The body was 
subsequently brought back to Worcester, Mass., 
and buried in the college churchyard. The date 
of his death is Dec. 15, 1878. 

O’HARA, James, soldier 
born in county Mayo, Ireland, in 1752. 
educated in Ireland, England and France ; 
clerk in a Liverpool counting-house, 1770-71, and 
immigrated to America in 1772, landing in 
Philadelphia, and becoming an Indian trader at 
Kuskusky, an Indian town in what is now 
Lawrence county; Pa. He was a general agent 
among the Indians until 1776, when he was made 
captain of a company recruited for the Patriot 


and pioneer, was 
He was 
was 


army. In 1781 he was made assistant quarter- 
master, settled his accounts with the govern- 


ment at Philadelphia in 1788, and returned to 
‘* Officers’ Orchard” above Fort Pitt, with his 
newly-wedded wife Mary, daughter of William 
Carson, a Scottish gentleman of Philadelphia. 
Captain O’Hara was given a contract to provision 
the western army commanded by General Har- 
mon, and this brought him into contact with all 
the U.S. forts from Oswego, N.Y., to Natchez, 
Miss., 1783-90. He was commissioned quarter- 
master-general of the U.S. army in 1792, and 
resigned in 1796, but continued as an army con- 
tractor until 1802. He built a saw mill in 1796, 
and also, in company with Maj. Isaac Craig, the 
glass works at Allegheny, the first erected west of 
the Alleghanies, at a cost of over $30,000. Healso 
engaged in shipbuilding and trading in furs and 
cotton, extending his operations to Europe. In 
1816 he was interested with John Henry Hopkins, 
afterward bishop of Vermont, in the manufacture 
of iron at the Old Hermitage furnace, Ligonier, 
Pa., which venture proved disastrous to Hopkins. 
Asearly as Nov. 9,1773, he purchased 400 acres of 
land on Coalpit run, Pittsburg, and other exten- 
sive tracts of land in and about the future city. 
He entertained Louis Philippe, General Moreau 
and other famous French officers at his home, 
welcoming them in their native tongue, which 
he spoke fluently. His sons, William Carson, 
James and Charles, died without issue before the 
death of General O’Hara, and Mrs. O'Hara survived 
them all, dying, April 8, 1834, aged 73 years. 
He died at Pittsburg, Pa., Dec. 21, 1819. 
O’HARA, Theodore, poet, was born in Danville, 
Ky., Feb. 11, 1820; son of Kane O’Hara, the 
distinguished teacher, who was exiled from 
Ireland and came to Kentucky with his father 
and brothers late in the eighteenth century. He 
prepared for college under his father and was 
graduated at St. Joseph’s college, Bardstown, Ky., 
with first honors. He was professor of Greek in 


O’HARA 


St. Joseph’s college during his senior year; stud- 
ied law; was admitted to the bar, and settled in 
practice, but soon abandoned it for journalism. 
He was assistant editor of the Kentucky Yeoman 
at Frankfort and editor of the Tocsin or Demo- 
cratic Rally, a cam- 
paign paper of 1844. 
He served in the U.S 
treasury department 
at Washington, D.C., 
1845-46 and enlisted 
in the Mexican war as 
a volunteer. He was 
commissioned captain 
in the U.S. army and 
appointed assistant 
quartermaster of vol- 
unteers, June 26, 1846. 
He served on the staff 
of General Franklin 


Pierce, and was bre- a. Nava 


vetted major, Aug. 





ff 


20, 1847, for gallant and meritorious conduct in the ~ 


battles of Contreras and Churubusco. He was hon- 
orably discharged, Oct. 15, 1848 ; practiced law in 
Washington, D.C., fora time, and edited the Times 
and Sun in Louisville, Ky., 1854-55. He was 
employed by the Tehuantepec railroad company 
and met Narcisso Lopez, the Cuban liberator, in 
Mexico, from whom he accepted the commission 
of colonel. He joined the first Cuban expedition 
in 1851, and conamanded a regiment at the battle 
of Cardenas, where he was severely wounded and 
compelled to return to the United States. He 
assisted Col. William Walker in the organization 
of his expedition to Central America, and while 
trying to escape the vigilance of the U.S. 
authorities, was arrested and indicted with 
General Henderson at New Orleans, charged with 
violating the neutrality laws, but the government 
failed in the prosecution. He entered the U-S. 
army as captain in the 2d cavalry, March 8, 1855, 
and served on the Texas frontier untilhe resigned, 
Dec. 1, 1856. He was editor of the Mobile Register, 

1856-61, during the absence of John Forsyth as 
U.S. Minister to Mexico. He entered the Con- 
federate army in 1861, and was soon after 
commissioned captain and placed in command of 
Fort McRea, at the entrance of Mobile Bay, which: 
he defended until ordered to evacuate. He be- 
came colonel of the 12th Alabama regiment, and 
served at Shiloh on the staff of Gen. Albert 
Sidney Johnston, and then on the staff of Gen. 
John C. Breckinridge, He engaged in the cotton 
business in Columbia, Ga., after the w ar, but 
lost everything by fire aed retired to a planta- 
tion in Alabama. His two poems, The Bivouae 
of the Dead and A Dirge for the Brave Old 
Pioneer, established his fame as a poet. He died 


i ed ee 


O'HARA 


near Guerryton, Ala, June 6, 1867. By direction 
of the legislature of Kentucky, his body was re- 
interred in the state military cemetery in 
Frankfort, Ky., Sept. 15, 1874, and a monument 
erected to his memory. 

O’HARA, William, R. C. bishop, was born at 
Dungiven, county Derry, Ireland, April 14, 1816. 
He came to the United States with his parents in 
1820, and settled in Philadelphia, Pa. He at- 
tended Georgetown college, D.C., and took an ex- 


‘tended course of study at the Urban college of 


the Propaganda at Rome, Italy. He was or- 
dained priest at Rome, by Cardinal Fransoni, 
Dec. 21, 1842, and on his return to the United 
States served as rector of St. Patrick’s church in 
Philadelphia, 1848-56. He was afterward pro- 
fessor in the Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, 
and rector of the seminary. He was made vicar- 
general of the diocese of Philadelphia in 1860, 
and was appointed first bishop of Scranton, Pa., 
in 1868, which diocese was formed from a part of 
the diocese of Philadelphia. He was consecrated 
in the cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, Philadel- 
phia, July 12, 1868, by Bishop Wood, assisted by 
Bishop Elder of Natchez and Bishop Lynch of 
Charleston. He added 51 priests to the diocese, 
and built 24 new churches,12 convents, 46 stations, 
one college and several lesser educational institu- 
tions. He died in Scranton, Pa., Feb. 3, 1899. 
O’KANE, Michael Aloysius, educator, was 
born in county Clare, Ireland, July 12, 1849; son 
of Michael and Bridget (Casey) O’Kane. He 
was brought to America by his parents in 1852, 
and received his education in the public schools 
of Spencer, Mass. He entered Holy Cross col- 
lege, Worcester, Mass., in 1865, the year of its 
incorporation ; joined the Society of Jesus, July, 
1867, and went to Woodstock college, Md., where 
he pursued theological and philosophical studies, 
completing his course in 1876. He was professor 
of classics in Georgetown college, D.C., 1876-82 ; 
prefect of studies there, 1882-86, vice-president, 


1886-87; rector and master of novices in the 


Novitiate at Frederick, Md., 1887-89, and presi- 
dent of the College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, 
1889-93. He was then transferred to the Mission- 
ary Band, and became superior of the band, hay- 
ing his headquarters at St. Francis Xavier, New 
York city. 

O’KELLY, James, founder of the ‘ Chris- 
tian” church, was born in 1735. He first ap- 
pears in history as a member of the Methodist 
church in North Carolina and Virginia, where he 
was presiding elder, 1782-92. He was a member 
of the “ Christmas Conference ” of the Methodist 
church held in Baltimore in 1784, and also of 
the conference of presiding elders at Baltimore, 
Dec. 1, 1789, where he attempted the defeat of 
certain measures favored by Bishop Asbury, and 


OLDEN 


in consequence of which a second conference 
was called, but as only ten elders appeared, the 
point at issue remained unsettled pro tempore, 
O’Kelly secured the co-operation of Thomas Coke, 
Wesley’s ambassador, through correspondence, 
and Bishop Asbury finally consented to a general 
conference, which assembled, Nov. 1, 1792. To 
this conference O’Kelly introduced a resolution 
transferring the power of appointment from the 
bishop to the conference, to which also any 
minister dissatisfied with his assignment might 
appeal. This resolution being defeated, he with- 
drew from the Methodist conference with 
twenty or thirty other ministers and above a 
thousand members, and organized the Republican 
Methodist church, its members to be known as 
Christians or Christian Connection. This church 
gained a large following in the fields of his labor 
as presiding elder in North Carolina and Virginia, 
over which region he exerted a great influence, 
notwithstanding the fact that he denounced 
slavery. The first conference of the dissenters 
was held, Dec. 25, 1793, at Manakin, N.C., at 
which they adopted the name of Christians and 
agreed that they should acknowledge no head 
over the church but Christ, and no creed but the 
Bible. They held a second conference, Aug. 4, 
1794, and the great Cane Ridge revival occurred 
in 1801, which largely increased their members. 
Elder O’Kelly died, Oct. 16, 1826. 

OLCOTT, Simeon, senator, was born in Bol- 
ton, Conn., Oct. 1, 1735; son of Timothy and 
Eunice (White) Olcott; grandson of Timothy 
Olcott of Coventry and Bolton, Conn., and a des- 
cendant of Thomas Olcott of England, who im- 
migrated to America in June, 1635, and became 
an original proprietor of Hartford, Conn. 
Simeon Oleott was graduated at Yale, A.B., 
1761, A.M., 1765; studied law under Daniel 
Jones of Hinsdale, N.H., and settled in practice 
in Charlestown, N.H., in 1764. He was a select- 
man of Charlestown, 1769-71; a member of the 
general assembly at Portsmouth, 1772-75; a judge 
of probate in 1773; chief justice of the court 
of common pleas, 1784-90; judge of the superior 
court, 1790-95, and chief justice, 1795-1801. He 
was married in October, 1783, to Tryphena, 
daughter of Benjamin and Hannah (Olinsted) 
Terry of Enfield, Conn. He was elected by the 
Federalist legislature of New Hampshire in 1801, 
to complete the term of Samuel Livermore, 
U.S. senator, resigned, and served from Dec. 7, 
1801, till March 3, 1805. He received the honor- 
ary degree A.M. from Dartmouth college in 1773, 
and was a trustee of that institution, 1784-93. 
He died in Charlestown, N.H., Feb. 22, 1815. 

OLDEN, Charles Smith, governor of New 
Jersey. was born in Princeton, N.J., Feb. 19, 
1799; son of Hart and Temperance (Smith) 


[59] 


OLDHAM 


Olden; grandson of Thomas and Sarah (Hart) 
Olden, and a descendant of William and Eliza- 
beth (Giles) Olden; of John Hart, the Signer, 
and of James Giles, who came from England in 
1668, and settled in Boundbrook, N.J. William 
Olden was a member of the Society of Friends, a 
surveyor in Piscataway and removed to Stony- 
brook, near Princeton, in 1696. Hart Olden was 
a merchant in Trenton, Stonybrook and Prince- 
ton, N.J. Charles Smith Olden attended school 
at Princeton and the Lawrenceville academy ; 
was a clerk in his father’s store, and that of Mat- 
thew Newkirk in Philadelphia. He was mar- 
ried about 1832 to Phoebe Ann, daughter of Wil- 
liam and Rebecca (Wilson) Smith. In 1826 he 
established a business in New Orleans, La., and 
in 1832 retired with a competence. He engaged 
in agriculture in Princeton, was state senator, 
1844-50, Republican governor of New Jersey, 
1860-63, and during his administration, organized 
and equipped the full quota of troops under the 
President's calls. He was largely responsible for 
the erection of the state house at Trenton, and 
of the State Lunatic asylum. He was a judge 
of the court of errors and appeals, and member 
of the court of pardons, 1868-73 ; riparian com- 
missioner, 1869-75 ; presidential elector, 1872 ; was 
elected president of the electoral college of New 
Jersey, Dec. 4, 1872; was treasurer of the College 
of New Jersey, 1845-69, and trustee, 1863-76 ; and 
aided in extricating the college from financial 
embarrassment after the burning of Nassau Hall, 
March, 1855, when as treasurer he disbursed 
over $50,000 and personally advanced $20,000. 
He was also instrumental in securing the John 
C. Green School of Science, and in directing the 
attention of the Green family to the university. 
He died in Princeton, N.J., April 7, 1876. 
OLDHAM, Williamson Simpson, senator, was 
born near Winchester, Franklin county, Tenn., 
June 19, 1813. He was brought up on his father’s 
small farm and was entirely self-educated. He 
taught a country school, 1831-33; was deputy 
clerk of the county court, 1833-85, during which 
time he studied law under Judge Nathan Green, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1886. He re- 
moved to Arkansas in 1837, and settled in Fay- 
etteville, where he married a daughter of Col. 
James McKissick, director of the Branch State 
bank at Fayetteville. He was a representative in 
the state legislature, 1838 and 1842, and speaker 
of the house in 1842. In 1844 he was elected by 
the legislature associate justice of the supreme 
court. In 1846 he was defeated for representa- 
tive in the 30th congress by Col. Robert W. 
Johnson. He resigned from the bench in 1848, 
and removed to Austin, Texas, in 1849. In 1858, 
with Judge White, he prepared a digest of the laws 
affecting Texas and was prominent in the move- 


[60] 


OLDS 


ment leading to the secession of the state, Feb. 1, 
1861. He was elected to the provisional congress 
at Montgomery, Ala., and appointed by President 
Davis to carry out a confidential mission in Ar- 
kansas, which secured the secession of that state, 
May 6, 1861. On his return to Texas, he was. 
elected C.S. senator, and served throughout the ex- 
istence of the Confederacy. Onthe adjournment. 
of the Confederate congress, he returned to Texas. 
and went thence to Mexico, where he prepared 
‘‘ Last Days of the Confederacy,” and also engaged 
in the business of photography. In 1866 he went 
to Canada, where he learned that one W. 8. Old- 
ham had been pardoned, and on returning to New 
York, found that it did not refer to himself. He 
then proceeded to Washington, where he refused 
to take the oath of allegiance necessary to pro- 
cure a pardon, and asked for an indictment and 
trial before a jury, stating that if convicted he 
would then apply for a pardon. He returned to 
Texas where he practiced law, but took no part in 
public affairs. He died in Austin, May 8, 1868. 
OLDS, Edson Baldwin, representative, was. 
born in Burlington, Vt., in 1819; son of the Rev. 
Gamaliel Smith Olds (q.v.). He lived in Athens, 
Ga., with his parents, 1825-26, and in Sara-. 
toga Springs, N.Y., 1826-41, where he prepared 
himself for the medical profession. In 1841 he 
removed with his parents to Circleville, Ohio,. 
where he practiced as a physician and surgeon, 
and was married to Anna Maria Carolus. He 
was a Democratic representative from the ninth 
district of Ohio in the 81st, 32d and 33d con- 
gresses, 1849-55, and was defeated in 1854 for the 
34th congress by Samuel Galloway, candidate of 
the Antislavery party. He was a representative 
from Pickaway county in the Ohio legislature, 
1842-43 and 1845-46 ; a state senator from Fairfield 
and Pickaway, 1846-48, and speaker of the senate, 
1846-47, and representative from Fairfield county, 
1862-66, having removed to Lancaster. He was. 
accused of disloyalty to the government in 
1862, and was imprisoned in Fort Lafayette, but. 
the charge not being sustained he was released 
and took his seat in the state legislature. He 
built a church in Lancaster in 1865 with the un- 
derstanding that it ‘‘should be free from the 
heresy of regarding slavery and rebellion as. 
sins.” He died in Lancaster, Ohio, Jan. 24, 1869. 
OLDS, Gamaliel Smith, educator, was born 
in Granville, Mass., Feb. 11, 1777. He was grad- 
uated from Williams college, A.B., 1801, A.M., 
1804; was a tutor there, 1801-05, and professor of 
mathematics and natural philosophy, 1805-68. 
He studied theology under Dr. Stephen West, 
Stockbridge, Mass., and was graduated with the: 
first class at Andover Theological seminary in 
1810. He was ordained pastor in Greenfield, 
Mass., Nov. 19, 1818, serving, 1813-16, and de- 





OLIN 


clined a professorship of chemistry at Middlebury 
college in 1816. He was professor of mathe- 
matics and natural philosophy at the University 
of Vermont, 1819-21, and at Ambherst college, 
1821-25, and professor of natural philosophy at 
the University of Georgia, 1825-26, After residing 
for some years at Saratoga Springs, N.Y., he re- 
moved in 1841 to Circleville, Ohio, where his 
son, Edson B., was elected a representative in con- 
gress, serving 1849-55, and where his brother Jo- 
seph resided and served in the state legislature, 
1824-26 and 1841-42, as a state senator, 1827-31, 
andasa Henry Clay elector, 1844. Gamaliel S. Olds 
is the author of: An Inaugural Oration (1806); 
The Substance of Several Sermons on Episcopacy 
and Presbyterian Parity (1818); Statement of 
Facts Relative to the Appointment to the Ojice of 
Professor of Chemistry in Middlebury College 
(1818). He diedin Circleville, Ohio, June 13, 1848. 
OLIN, Abraham Baldwin, jurist, was born in 
Shaftsbury, Vt., Sept. 1, 1812; sonof Gideon and 
Lydia (Myers) Pope Olin. He was graduated at 
Williams college, 1835, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1888. He was married in December, 1838, 
to Martha, daughter of the Hon. Keyes Danforth 
of Williamstown, Mass. He settled in practice 
in Troy, N.Y., and was recorder of that city for 
three years. He was a Republican representa- 
tive in the 35th, 36th and 387th congresses, 1857- 
63, and was appointed judge. of the supreme 
court of the District of Columbia by President 
Lincoln in 1863, holding the office until his death, 
He received the degree LL.D. from Williams, 
1865. He died in Washington, D.C., July 7, 1879. 
OLIN, Gideon, representative, was born in 
East Greenwich, R.I., Oct. 22, 1748: son of John 
and Susannah (Pierce) Olin, and grandson of 
John (who came from Wales about 1678), and 
Susannah (Spencer) Olin, and of Jeremiah Pierce. 
He was educated in Rhode Island and settled in 
Shaftsbury, Bennington county, Vt., in 1776. 
He was a delegate to the Windsor convention of 
June 4, 1777; was made major of the 2d Vermont 
regiment in 1778, and served on the frontier dur- 
ing the Revolution. Herepresented Shaftsbury in 
the state legislature, and was speaker of the house, 
788-93 ; was assistant judge of the Bennington 
county court, 1781-98 and 1800-02, and one of the 
councillors of state, 1798-98. He was a delegate 
to the constitutional conventions of 1791 and 1793 ; 
was a representative in the 8th and 9th con- 
gresses, 1803-07, and was chief-justice of the Ben- 
nington county court, 1807-11. He was a 
founder of the University of Vermont, and one of 
the firmest friends and supporters of the state gov- 
ernment before the state conventions of 1791 and 
1793. He was married, Dec. 10, 1768, to Patience 
Dwinnell, and secondly to Mrs. Lydia (Myers) 
Pope. He died in Shaftsbury, Vt., Jan. 21, 1823. 


OLIN 


OLIN, Henry, justice, was born in Shaftsbury, 
Vt., May 6, 1768; sonof Justin and Sarah (Dwin- 
nell) Olin; grandson of John and Susanna 
(Pierce) Olin, and a descendant of John Olin, 
probably of Huguenot descent, who came from 
Wales to America about 1678, and to East Green- 
wich, R.I., about 1700. Henry Olin received a 
common school education ; was married in 1788 
to Lois Richardson, and became a resident of 
Leicester in 1788. He represented his town in 
the state legislature, 1799-1825, except while serv- 
ing on the governor's council, 1820-21; was as- 
sistant judge of the county court, 1801-09, and 
chief judge, 1809-24. He was a delegate to the 
state constitutional conventions of 1814, 1822 and 
1828. In 1824 he was elected a representative in 
the 18th congress to fill the unexpired term of 
Charles Rich, who died, Oct. 15, 1824, and served, 
1824-25. He was leutenant-governor of Ver- 
mont, 1828-31. He died in Salisbury, Vt., in 
August, 1837, 

OLIN, Julia Matilda, author, was born in New 
York city, Dec. 14, 1814; daughter of Judge 
James and Janet (Tillotson) Lynch; granddaugh- 
of Dominick Lynch and of Thomas Tillotson ; 
great-granddaughter of Robert R. Livingston 
(q.v.) (1718-1775), and a descendant of Col. Henry 
Beekman. She was married, Oct. 18, 1848, to the 
Rev. Dr. Stephen Olin (q.v.). She was a com- 
municant of the Protestant Episcopal church up 
to the time of her marriage, when she united 
with the Methodist church, and until her death 
was actively associated with its Sunday-school 
and missionary work. She was elected secretary 
of the New York Female Bible society in 1854 ; 
was the founder of Hillside chapel, Rhinebeck, 
N.Y., 1855, and upon the organization of the New 
York branch of the Woman's Foreign Missionary 
society in 1869, was chosen its first president. 
She edited her husband’s sermons, sketches, lec- 
tures and addresses under the title of The Works 
of Stephen Olin (1853), and his Greece and the 
Golden Horn (1854). She is the author of: 
Words of the Wise (1851); A String of Pearls 
(1855); Four Days in July (1855); Hillside 
Flowers (1856) ; A Winter at Woodlawn (1856) ; 
What Norman Saw in the West (1859) ; Hawk 
Hollow Stories (1863) ; The Perfect Sight, or Seven 
Hues of Christian Character (1865); Questions 
on Lessons (1865) ; Questions on the Natural His- 
tory of the Bible (1865) ; Biographical Sketches of 
Christian Women (1865) ; a series of books for 
Sunday-school instruction (1849, 1851, 1861), and 
many contributions to the Methodist Quarterly 
Review and other denominational publications. 
The Rev. Edward Brenton Otherman, her pastor 
at Hillside chapel, published a memorial volume 
as a tribute to Mrs. Olin in 1881. She died in 
New York city, May 1, 1879. 


[61] 


OLIN 


OLIN, Stephen, clergyman and educator, was 
born in Leicester, Vt., March 2, 1797; son of 
Judge Henry Olin (q.v.). He was graduated 
from Middlebury college with first honors, A.B., 
1820, A.M., 1823. On account of poor health he 
taught school in Cokesbury, Abbeville district, 
S.C., 1820-23, and while there joined the Metho- 
dist church and became a preacher. He con- 
nected himself with the South Carolina confer- 
ence in January, 1824, and was stationed at 
Charleston, 8.C., 1824-26. Hisstrength not being 
equal to the task of the itineracy, he accepted 
the professorship of ethics and metaphysics at the 
University of Georgia, where he served, 1824-26, 
1831-33. He was ordained deacon in the Metho- 
dist church, Jan. 13, 1826, and elder, Novy. 20, 1828. 
He was married, Aug. 10, 1827, to Mary Ann 
Bostick of Milledgeville, Ga. In July, 1882, he 
was elected the first president of the newly es- 
tablished Randolph-Macon college under the joint 
patronage of the conferences 
pie) Aw ‘ of Virginia, North and South 
toaipal Carolina and Georgia, and he 
eR accepted the office by letter 
* dated Athens, Ga., Jan. 9, 
1833. In December, 1833, 
he traveled from Athens to 
Virginia in his private carriage, accompanied by 
his wife, presented the needs of the college in 
Georgia and South Carolina on his journey, and 
secured the endowment of two professorships 
and other gifts for the college. He was also pro- 
fessor of mental and moral science, receiving $1500 
per annum, and served until 1886, when infirm 
health caused his retirement. He traveled in 
Europe, Egypt and the Holy Land with his wife 
until 1840, when he returned to the United States. 
He was president of Wesleyan university, Middle- 


NC 
arin Leg 










. ; =, i 
2 Se 
“WESLEYAN COLLEGES: te wil 
+ FROM HIGH STREET. only iby As 
, Y 


town, 1839-41 and 1842-51; declined the presi- 
dency of Genessee college, N.Y., in 1850; was ac- 
tive in the debates of the general conference of 
1844, and was prominent in the founding of the 
Evangelical Alliance, London, England, in 1846. 
He was married secondly, in October, 1843, to 
Julia Matilda, daughter of Judge James Lynch of 


[62] 


ful Piety (1853). 





OLIVER 


New York city, and cousin of the wife of Freeborn 
Garretson, the Methodist pioneer at whose home 
in Rhinebeck, N. Y., Miss Lynch met Dr. Olin, 
then a widower, Their oldest son and only surviv- 
ing child, Stephen Henry Olin, Wesleyan, 1866, 
ecame a prominent lawyer in New York city. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
Stephen Olin by Middlebury college in 1832, and 
by Wesleyan university and the University of _ 
Alabama in 1834, and that of LL.D. by Yale in | 
1845. The estimate of Dr. Olin’s character and 
attributes given by his friends appears extrava- 
gant, Theodore L. Cuyler (q.v.), who knew him 
less intimately and did not sympathize witb his 
religious creed, says: ‘‘ In physical, mental and 
spiritual stature combined, no Methodist in the 
last generation towered above Dr. Stephen Olin. 
He was a great writer, a great educator and pre- 
eminently a great preacher of the glorious gospel. 
Like all great men he was very simple and unas- 
suming in his manners; with his grand logical 
head was coupled a warm, loving heart. Valuable 
as were his writings, yet his imposing personality 
was greater than any of his published produc- 
tions.” He is the author of: Travels in Egypt, 
Arabia, Petreea and the Holy Land (1848) ; Youth- 
The Works of Stephen Olin 
(1853) ; Greece and the Golden Horn (1854), and 
College Life, its Theory and Practice (1867), were 
edited by his wklow. His name in ‘Class G., 
Preachers and Theologians,” received four votes 
for a place in the Hall of Fame for Great Amer- 
icans, New York University, October, 1900. He 
died in Middletown, Conn., Aug. 16, 1851. 
OLIVER, Andrew, representative, was born 
in Springfield, Otsego county, N.Y., Jan. 16, 1815; 
son of William Morrison and Eleanor (Young) 
Oliver, and grandson of the Rev. Andrew Oliver. 
His parents removed to Penn Yan, N.Y., in 1818, 
where he was prepared for college. He matricu- 
lated at Hamilton in 1831, left in 1833, and was 
graduated at Union college, A.B., 1835, A.M., 
1838. He studied law under his father and prac- 
tised with him in Penn Yan, 1838-44. He suc- 
ceeded his father as judge of the court of com- 
mon pleas of Yates county, serving, 1844-47 ; was 
county judge and surrogate under the constitu- 
tion of 1846, 1847-52, and a Democratic represen- 
tative from the twenty-sixth New York district 
in the 83d and 34th congresses, 1853-57, but on 
questions of national policy voted with the Whigs. 
He was defeated as the American candidate for 
representative in the 35th congress in 1856, and 
in 1857 resumed his law practice in Penn Yan. 
In 1871 he was elected county judge and surro- 
gate by the Democrats of Yates county for the 
term 1872-77 ; was defeated for county judge by 
William S. Briggs in 1877, and for state senator 
by George P. Lord in 1881: He was married in 





' Boston, Mass., in 1632. 


OLIVER 


June, 1873, to Mrs. Catharine C, Dusinbery, who 
died childless in 18386. He died in Penn Yan, 
N.Y.. March 6, 1889. 

OLIVER, Grace Atkinson, author, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Sept. 24, 1844 ; daughter of James 
Lovell and Julia Augusta (Cook) Little. Her 
father was a prominent merchant of Boston, 
where she was educated. She was married in 
1869 to John Harvard Ellis, a lawyer, who died 
in 1871, after which she engaged in literary work, 
contributing her first articles to Old and New. 
She traveled- in Europe, and spent a season in 
London in 1874; and in 1879 was married to Dr. 
Joseph Pearson Oliver, a Boston physician. She 
was a state trustee of the Danvers lunatic asylun ; 
a member of the Salem school board; president 
of the Salem Society for the Higher Education of 
Women ; president of the Visiting Nurse associa- 
tion of Marblehead, Mass. ; founder, vice-presi- 
dent and president of the Thought and Work club 
of Salem; a member of the New England 
Woman’s club; of the North Shore club of Lynn, 
of the Essex Institute, Salem, and an associate 
member of the New England Woman’s Press as- 
sociation. Sheis the author of : The Life and 
Works of Anna L. Barbauld (1873); Life of 
Maria Edgeworth, written with the help of Miss 
Edgeworth’s family (1882); Memoirs of Ann and 
Jane Taylor, with Selections from their Works 
(1888); Memoir of Dean Stanley (1885), and con- 
tributed to the ‘* Browning Concordance,” edited 
by Dr. J. W. Rolfe. She died at Marblehead, 
Mass., May 21, 1899. 

OLIVER, Henry Kemble, musician, was born 
in Beverly, Mass., Nov. 24, 1800; son of Daniel 
and Elizabeth (Kemble) Oliver; grandson of 
Nathaniel and Mercy (Wendell) Oliver, and of 
Thomas and Hannah (Thomas) Kemble, and a 
descendant of Thomas Oliver of Lewes, Sussex, 
England, who with his wife and children settled in 
At the ageof ten Henrv 
was boy soprano in Park Street church, Boston. 
He was graduated at Dartmouthin 1818. Hewas 
married, Aug. 30, 1825, to Sarah, daughter of 
Samuel and Sarah (Chever) Cook of Salem, Mass. 
He taught school, 1819-44, served as colonel of state 
militia and adjutant-general of the state, 1844-48, 
and as commander of the Ancient and Honorable 
Artillery Company of Boston in 1846. He was a 
member of the board of examiners at West Point 
in 1847; superintendent of the Atlantic cotton 
mills at Lawrence, Mass., 1848-58; mayor of 
Lawrence in 1859, and treasurer of the common- 
wealth of Massachusetts, 1860-66. He removed 
to Salem, Mass. ; was the first chief of the Mass- 
achusetts Bureau of the Statistics of Labor, 
1869-73, and mayor of Salem, 1877-80. He was a 
professional church organist, 1819-85; organized 
and managed a Mozart association, 1826-27; a 


OLIVER 
glee club, 1832-52, and conducted a choir of 
20,000 voices at the World's Peace Jubilee in 
Boston, June 25, 1872, in his choral Federal Streeé, 
set to his own words, Hail, Gentle Peace. He re- 
ceived the degrees of A.B. and A.M. from Har- 
vard in 1862, being placel among the graduates 
of the class of 1818, and the honorary degree of 
Mus.D. from Dartmouth in 1883. His musical 
compositions include the hymns: Federal Street ; 


Harmony Grove; Morning; Walnut Grove ; 
Elkton; Vesper; Hudson; Beacon Street; to- 


gether with motets, chants anda Te Deum. He 
prepared National Lyre in conjunction with 
Samuel P. Tuckerman (1849); Collections of 
Chureh Musie (2 vols., 1860); Original Hymn- 
Tunes (1875), and is the author of : Lectures on the 
Monitorial System, and Address at the Dedica- 
tion of the Broad Street School, Salem (1856). 
He died in Boston, Mass., Aug. 10, 1885, 
OLIVER, John Morrison, soldier, was born in 
Penn Yan, N.Y., Sept. 6, 1828; son of William 
Morrison (1792-1863) and Eleanor (Young) Oliver, 
and grandson of the Rev. Andrew Cliver, a native 
of Scotland, who settled in Londonderry. N.E., 
removed to Springfield, Otsego county, N.Y., 
about 1795, where he was pastor of the Associate 
Reformed church, and died there in 1833. 
William Morrison Oliver was judge of Yates 
county, state senator, president of the senate, 1830, 
chief judge of the court of errors, clerk of the su- 
preme court and representative in the 27th con- 
gress, 1841-43. John Morrison Oliver was educated 
at St. Paul's college, College Point, L.I., N.Y., of 
which the Rev. W. A. Muhlenberg was president, 
returned to Penn Yan and was married, Oct. 22, 
1848, to Joanna, daughter of David Wagener, and 
granddaughter of Abraham Wagener. He re- 
moved to Monroe, Mich., where he wasa druggist, 
and served as recorder of the court. On April 
17, 1861, he enlisted as a private soldier; was 
made ist lieutenant in the Ist Michigan in- 
fantry volunteers, and was the first to receive 
promotion in theregiment, being made captain 
of his company. Early in 1862 Governor Blair 
appointed him colonel of the 15th Michigan vol- 
unteers, which regiment wasordered to the front 
and engaged in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, 
April 6-7, 1862. He was commended by General 
McCook for conspicuous bravery and efficient ser- 
vice. He commanded the 2d brigade in McKean’s 
6th division, Army of West Tennessee, at the 
battles of Corinth, Iuka and at Grand Junction ; 
commanded his regiment in the 2d_ brigade, Ist 
division, 16th army corpsinthe Vicksburg cam- 
paign from June 12 to July 4, 1863 ; commanded 
the 8d brigade, 4th division, 15th army corps, in 
the Atlanta campaign until August 4, 1863, 
when his brigade was absorbed by the 1st brigade 
and he returned to the command of his regi- 


[63] 


OLIVER 


ment. He commanded the 3d brigade in Hazen’s 
2d division, Logan’s 15th corps, in the march to 
the sea, and was prominent in the capture of Fort 
McAllister, Dec. 13, 1864, where his brigade 
opened and carried the assault. He led his 
brigade through the Carolinas and until dis- 
banded at Washington after the surrender of 
Johnston’s army in North Carolina. He received 
his commission as brigadier-general of volunteers 
in January, 1865, while at Savannah, and was 
brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 15, 
1865. He was assigned to the command of the 
2d division, 15th army corps, Army of the Ten- 
nessee, and was stationed at Louisville, Ky., and 
ordered from there to Little Rock, Ark., where 
he was mustered out of the service and made 
assessor of internal revenue, meanwhile practic- 
ing law in Little Rock. He was appointed by 
President Grant superintendent of postal service 
in the southwest, and took up his residence in 
Washington, D.C. He resigned in 1871 on ac- 
count of ill health. He declined the office of 
associate justice of the supreme court of the Dis- 
trict of Columbia in 1869. He died in Washing- 
ton, D.C., March 80, 1872. 

OLIVER, Peter, jurist, was born in Boston, 
Mass., March 26, 1713 ; son of Daniel and Elizabeth 
(Belcher) Oliver; grandson of Peter and Sarah 
(Newdigate) Oliver, and of Andrew Belcher, and 
great-grandson of Thomas and Anne Oliver, 
the immigrants, 1632. Peter Oliver was graduated 
at Harvard, A.B., 1780, A.M., 1783, and made his 
home in Middleborough, where he owned an 
estate, and was married, July 5, 1788, to Mary, 
daughter of William and Hannah (Appleton) 
Clarke. He was an associate judge of the in- 
ferior court of common pleas of Plymouth 
county, 1747-56, and was judge of the superior 
court of judicature for the province of Massachu- 
setts, serving, 1756-71. He waschief justice of that 
court, 1771-75, succeeding Benjamin Lynde, Jr., 
and also served as one of the mandamus council- 
lors. In 1774, by a modification of the charter, 
the salaries of the judges were made payable by 
the crown, and the salary of chief justice in- 
creased to £4100. This displeased the colonists, 
who asked the judges to refuse money from the 
crown, and all save Oliver complied. He was 
impeached by the legislature, suspended from 
office, and when he tried to hold court under the 
protection of the militia, the jurors refused to 
serve. He defended the action of the crown in 
the Censor, and went to England when the British 
troops evacuated Boston in 1776, taking with him 
a copy of the MS. ‘‘ History of Massachusetts Bay 
Colony” by William Hubbard (q.v.,) and papers 
relating to the settlement of Plymouth colony. 
He received the degree D.C.L. from Oxford, 
England, in 1776. He published: A Speech on the 


OLIVER 


Death of Isaae Lathrop (1750); Poem on the 
Death of Secretary Willard (1757); Seriptural 
Levicon (178475), and the twenty-ninth poem in 
Pietas et Gratulatio (1761), is ascribed to him. 
He died in Birmingham, England, Oct. 13, 1791. 

OLIVER, Robert W., educationist, was born 
in Scotland, Oct. 9, 1815. He was a cavalry 
officer in the English army in Canada, and sub- 
sequently became a minister in the Presbyterian 
church, serving as pastor in Scotland and im- 
migrating to Butler, Pa., where he had charge of 
the Presbyterian church. Upon a change of his 
religious views he was admitted to holy orders 
in the P.E. church, Nov. 11, 1855, under the 
direction of the Rt. Rev. Alonzo Potter, bishop 
of Pennsylvania. He was a missionary in west- 
ern Pennsylvania, 1857-63, serving at Johnstown, 
Altoona and Huntington. He was chaplain in 
the Federal army, 1861-63 ; returned to St, Luke’s 
church, Altoona, in 1863, but the same year re- 
moved to Lawrence, Kan., where the Rev. Charles 
Reynolds, rector of Trinity church, had obtained 
a charter for the establishment of a university 
in 1861. Not receiving support from the American 
Church Missionary society, Mr. Reynolds resigned 
and entered the army as chaplain, being 
succeeded at Trinity church by Mr. Oliver, 
through whom Trinity parish donated to the 
state the material gathered for the building, on 
condition that the property be used for a state 
university. On March 1, 1864, the act of the 
state legislature chartering the University of 
Kansas was approved, and on March 21, 1865, a 


new board of regents was named, Mr. Oliver 
being elected chancellor and president. On Sept 


6, 1865, he applied to the city council of Lawrence 
for a formal transfer to the new corporation of 
the ground on Mt. Oread, on which the founda- 
tion for a college had been built. The transfer 
was granted on condition that the school should be 
in operation, Jan. 1, 1867. By September, 1866, 
Mr. Oliver had raised the money, built the north 
college building and secured a plot of land from 
Gen. James H. Lane, to complete the square of 
ten acres for the north campus. He visited the 
east and obtained considerable support for the 
university. He resigned the chancellorship of 
the university, which had been entirely of a 
business nature, was re-elected president of the 
board of regents and was made its general finan- 
cial agent. He also resigned the rectorship of 
Trinity church near the close of 1867, removing 
to Nebraska City, Neb., where he was rector of 
St. Mary’s church, 1867-83, and to Kearney, Neb., 
in 1883, where he was rector of St. Luke’s church. 
He also filled the chair of divinity for the diocese 
of Nebraska, 1883-95. He removed to Phila- 
delphia, Pa., in December, 1895, died there, June 
23, 1899, and was buried at Kearney, Neb. 


of Colorado and 207th 


OLMSTEAD 


OLMSTEAD, John Wesley, clergyman and 
editor, was born in Saratoga county, N.Y., Nov. 
13, 1816; son of Joshua and Salome (Arnold) 
Olmstead; grandson of Lemuel and _ Silence 
(Weed) Olmsted, and a descendant of Richard 
Olmsted, settler of Hartford, Conn., and of 
Thomas Arnold of Providence, R.I. After 
receiving an ordinary school training, his parents, 
who were Methodists, intended that he should 
enter that ministry, but he joined the Baptist 
church in Schuylerville, N.Y., in 1836, and at- 
tended Johnstown academy, 1836--37. He was 
pastor of the Baptist church in Little Falls, N.Y., 
1837-41, and of the Baptist church in Chelsea, 
Mass., 1841--46; and was editor of the Christian 
Reflector, Boston, Mass., 1846--48. When that 
paper was consolidated with the Watchman in 
1848, he retired, owing to ill health. He established 
and conducted The Watch Tower in New York 
city, 1878--81, and in the latter year returned to 
Boston, Mass., where he continued as editor-in- 
chief of the Watchman until his death. He was 
one of the executive committee of the Missionary 
union. He received the honorary degree A.M. 
from Yale in 1854, and D.D. from Rochester 
university in 1863. He died in Manchester, 
Mass., Aug. 31, 1891. 

OLMSTED, Charles Sanford, second bishop 
in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born in Olmstedville, 
N.Y., Feb. 8, 1853;’son of Levi and Maria 
(Beach) Olmsted; grandson of Zahnon and 
Rebecca (Barlow) Olmsted ; great-grandson of 
Lemuel and Silence (Weed) Olmsted, and a 
descendant of Richard Olmsted, first of Hartford, 
and afterward of Norwalk, Conn. He was 
educated at St. Stephen’s college, 1869--73; was 
graduated from the General Theological seminary, 
1876 ; was admitted to the diaconate by Bishop 
Horatio Potter in 1876, and advanced to the 
priesthood by Bishop Doane in 1877. He was 
rector of Trinity church, Morley, N.Y.; of Christ 
church, Cooperstown, N.Y.; archdeacon of Sus- 
quehanna in the diocese of Albany for ten years, 
and rector of St. Asaph’s, Bala, Pa., 1896-1902. 
He was deputy from the diocese of Pennsylvania 
to the General convention of 1901. He received the 
degree of DD. from Hobart in 1895, and from 
the General Theological seminary in 1901. He 
was elected bishop coadjutor of Colorado, Jan. 8, 
1902, and on the death of Bishop Spalding, March 
9, 1902, he became the diocesan designate and 
was consecrated at St. John’s cathedral, Denver, 
Col., May 1, 1902, by Bishop Tuttle of Missouri, 
assisted by Bishops Johnston, Leonard, Coleman, 
Graves, White, Brown, Williams and Taylor. 
He is the author of: December Musings and 
other Poems ; The Discipline of Perfection ; Ordin- 
ation Sermon (1902). 


[65] 


OLMSTED 


OLMSTED, Charles Tyler, bishop coadjutor 
of Central New York and 211th in succession in 
the American episcopate, was born in Cohoes, 
N.Y., April 28, 1842; son of Charles A. and 
Ardelia (Wilkinson) Olmsted; grandson of George 
W. and Mary (Tyler) Olmsted and of David and 
Martha (Sayles) Wilkinson, and a descendant of 
Richard Olmsted, who came to Cambridge, Mass., 
in the ship Lyon in 1632, and of Lawrence Wil- 
kinson, who came to Providence, R.I., about 
1636. He was graduated at Trinity college, Conn., 
A.B., 1865, A.M., 1868; was a tutor at St. Ste- 
phen’s college, Annandale, N.Y., 1865-66; pro- 
fessor of mathematics and natural philosophy, 
1866-68 ; was admitted to the diaconate in 1867 ; 
advanced to the priesthood in 1868; was assistant 
minister of Trinity parish, New York city, 1868- 
84, serving at Trinity chapel; rector of Grace 
church, Utica, N.Y., 1884-99; and vicar of St. 
Agnes’s chapel, Trinity parish, New York city, 
1899-1902. He was married April 25, 1876, to 
Catharine, daughter of Joseph and Rosette (Town- 
send) Lawrence of New York city. He was 
elected bishop coadjutor of central New York in 
1902 and was consecrated in Grace church, Utica, 
N.Y., Oct. 2, 1902, by Bishops Huntington, Potter 
and Walker, entering at once upon his duties as 
coadjutor to Frederic Dan Huntington (q.v.). 
He was deputy to the general conventions of 
1892, 1895 and 1898, and was a member of the 
Oneida Historical society. He received the hono- 
rary degree of D.D. from Hobart in 1893, 

OLMSTED, Denison, physicist, was born in 
East Hartford, Conn., June 18, 1791 ; son of Na- 
thaniel and (Kingsbury) Olmsted ; grand- 
son of Denison Kingsbury of Andover, Conn., 
and a descendant of James Olmsted of Essex, 
England, who settled in Cambridge, Mass., in 
September, 1632, removed with the earliest set- 
tlers to Hartford, Conn., in 1636, and was an origi- 
nal proprietor of that colony. Denison Olmsted 
was brought up in the family of Governor Tred- 
well, Farmington, Conn., where he was a clerk 
in the country store. He prepared for college in 
the school of James Morris and under the Rev. 
Dr. Noah Porter. He was graduated at Yale 
with highest honors, A.B., 1813, A.M., 1816; was 
a teacher in New London, Conn., 1813-15; tutor 
at Yale, 1815-17, and professor of chemistry, min- 
eralogy and geology in the University of North 
Carolina, 1817-25. He began the first geological 
survey of North Carolina under the direction of 
the state board of agriculture in 1821, publishing 
a report of his work, 1824 and 1825. He also be- 
gan researches to determine the practicability of 
obtaining illuminating gas from cotton in 1825, 
without definite results. He was professor of 
mathematics and natural philosophy at Yale, 
1825-36, and of natural philosophy and astronomy, 


OLMSTED 


1836-59. He published an elaborate theory of 
hailstones in 1880, which caused considerable dis- 
sent, but finally received the general endorse- 
ment of meteorologists. After the remarkable 
meteoric shower of November, 1833, he published 
a collection of observations that indicated their 
Priority in putting forth these 
whose 


cosmical origin. 
conceptions was disputed by Chladni, 
claims do not seem to have been so definitely 
established as those of Olmsted. With Professor 
Elias Loomis, he was the first of all observers 
to find Halley’s comet on its return in 1835. He 
carried ona series of observations of the aurora 
borealis for several years, the results of which 
were published in Vol. VIII. of the ‘* Smith- 
sonian Contributions to Knowledge” (1856). 
He invented the Olmsted stove which brought 
him considerable profit. and devised a prepara- 
tion of lead and rosin for lubricating machinery. 
He was a member of many scientific societies in 
America and Europe, and contributed to their 
Transactions, and to the leading periodicals of 
the day. He prepared the following text books, 
which were almost universally used in the higher 
schools: Students’ Commonplace Book (1828); 
Introduction to Natural Philosophy (2 vols., 
1831); Compendium of Natural Philosophy (1832) ; 
Introduction to Astronomy (1839); Compendium 
of Astronomy (1841); Letters on Astronomy Ad- 
dressed to a Lady (1841), and Rudiments of Nat- 
ural Philosophy and Astronomy (1844). He is the 
author of : Thoughts on the Clerical Profession, 
essays (1817), and Life and Writings of Ebenezer 
Porter Mason (1842) and other biographical works. 
He died in New Haven, Conn., May 18, 1859. 
OLMSTED, Frederick Law, landscape archi- 
tect, was born in Hartford, Conn., April 26, 1822 ; 
son of John and Charlotte (Hull) Olmsted ; 
grandson of Benjamin and Content (Pitkin) 
Olmstead, and of 
Samuel and Abigail 
(Doolittle) Hull, and 
a descendant of James 
Olmsted, Cambridge, 
Mass., 1632, Hartford, 
Conn., 1636. Frederick 
Law Olmsted shipped 
as a seaman for the 
East Indies and China 
in 1840; studied 
agricultural science 
and engineering at 
Yale, 1845-46, and 
engaged in practical 
farming, first as a 





Fu LavS ntled, 


laborer in central 
New York, and then as the manager of a 
farm of his own on Staten Island, N.Y. He 


made a pedestrian tour through Great Britain 


[66] 


OLMSTED 


and various continental countries in 1850, anda 
horseback trip through the southern and south- 
western parts of the United States, 1852-53, to 
study the art of landscape gardening. He made 
a second trip to Europe to investigate the park 
system in France, Italy and Germany, and in 
1856, in connection with Calvert Vaux, prepared 
the accepted plans for the laying out of Central 
Park in New York city, and superintended its 
construction, 1857-61. He was married, June 13, 
1859, to Mary Cleveland, daughter of Dr. Henry 
and Sarah (Jones) Perkins of Oswego, N.Y. He 
directed the working details of the U.S. sanitary 
commission and was its secretary, 1861-64 ; was 
one of the founders of the Union League club, 
New York city, in 1863, and was chairman of the 
Yosemite Park commission of California, 1864-66, 
where he directed the topographical survey of 
the reservation. He was engaged with Mr. Vaux 
in laying out and superintending the construc- 
tion of Prospect Park, Brooklyn, N.Y., in 1866, 
which contract was followed by similar work, 
among which were the Riverside and Morning- 
side parks and several parkways in Chicago, IL; 
the park and parkway of Buffalo, N.Y.; Seaside 
park at Bridgeport, Conn.; two parks in Roches- 
ter, N.Y.; one at Prantont N.J.; another at Wil- 
mington, Del.; the great terrace and grounds of 
the capitol at Washington, D.C., and in 1871, the 
parking system of its broad streets. He also laid 
out Mount Royal park, Montreal, Canada, and the 
park and parkway system at Boston, Mass. F. bh. 
& J.C. Olmsted, with Henry Sargent Codman, 
were the landscape architects of the World’s Col- 
umbian exposition at Chicago, Ill. He was con- 
sulting architect of the grounds of some of the 
larger universities and colleges of the United 
States and many notable private par ks. He re- 
ceived the honorary degree of A.M. from Harvard 
in 1864, and from Amherst in 1867, and LL.D. 
from Harvard and Yale in 1893. He is the author 
of: Walks and Talks of an American Furmer 
im Engiand (1852); A Journey in the Sea-board 
Slave States, with Remarks on their Economy 
(1856); A Journey through Texas, or a Saddle 
Trip on the Southwestern Frontier. with a Statis- 
tical Appendix (1857); A Journey in the Back 
Country (1860), and The Cotton Kingdom (2 vols., 
1861). a condensed edition of these works. 
OLMSTED, John Charles, landscape architect, 
was born in Geneva, Switzerland, Sept. 14, 1852; 
son of Dr. John Hull and Mary Cleveland Bryant 
(Perkins) Olmsted, He returned with his 
parents to the United States in 1853, and was 
graduated from the Sheffield Scientific school, 
Yale university, Ph. B., 1875; then studied land- 
Scape gardening andes Frederick Law Olmsted 
and O. C, Ballar d, and practiced his profession 
in partnership with the former. He was mar- 


~ 


OLMSTED 


ried, Jan. 18, 1899, to Sophia Buckland White 
of Brookline, Mass. He was elected vice-president 
of the American Park and Outdoor Art associa- 
tion in 1898, and president of the American So- 
ciety of Landscape Architects in 1899. He be- 
came a member of the Boston Society of Civil 
Engineers; an associate member of the Boston 
Society of Architects; a member of the New 
England Association of Park Superintendents ; 
and a non-resident member of the Century asso- 
ciation, the Reform club and the National Arts 
club of New York city. 

OLMSTED, Marlin Edgar, representative, 
was born in Ulysses, Potter county, Penn.; son of 
Henry and Evalena Theresa (Cushing) Olmsted ; 
grandson of Danieland Lucy (Schofield) Olmsted, 
and of Lucas and Chloe (Wood) Cushing; a de- 
scendant in the ninth generation from Richard 
Olmsted from Suffolk, England, an original pro- 
prietor of Hartford, Conn., and also from Mat- 
thew Cushing, who came from Hingham, Eng- 
land, in 1638, and commenced the settlement of 
Hingham, Mass. He was educated in the public 
schools and at the Coudersport academy ; was a 
corporation clerk, 1870-75; was admitted to the 
bar in 1878, at Harrisburg, Pa.; became attorney 
for many of the principal railroad and other cor- 
porations of the state; president and general 
counsel of the Beech Creek and the Buffalo and 


Susquehanna railroad companies ; was elected to 


represent Dauphin county in the proposed con- 
stitutional convention in 1891,and was a Republi- 
can representative from the fourteenth Pennsyl- 
vania district in 55th, 56th, 57th and 58th con- 
gresses, 1897-1905. 

OLNEY, Edward, mathematician, was born in 
Moreau, N. Y., July 24, 1827; son of Benjamin 
and Lucy (Emerson) Olney ; grandson of Stephen 
and Sarah (Irish) Olney, and a descendant of 
Thomas and Marie (Small) Olney. Thomas Olney, 
a native of Hertfordshire, England, immigrated 
to Salem, Mass., in the ship Planter, in 1635; 
settled at Manchester, near Salem, in 1636; was 
excluded from the colony in 1638, and was one of 
the thirteen proprietors of Providence, R.I. Ed- 
ward Olney removed to Michigan with his pa- 
rents, and by hard work and self-denial became 
a thorough mathematical scholar. He was a 
teacher in the Union school, Perrysburg, Ohio, 
probably 1845-53 ; was professor of mathematics 
in Kalamazoo college, Michigan, 1853-63, and in 
the State University of Michigan, 1863-87. He 
was president of the Baptist state convention, 
1875-79, and treasurer, 1879-87. He received the 
degree A.M. from Madison university in 1853 and 
that of LL.D. from Kalamazoo college in 1874. 
‘He was married, May 7, 1850, to Sarah E, Hun- 
tington. He is the author of Olney’s Arithmetic. 
He died in Ann Arbor, Mich., Jan. 16, 1887. 


OLNEY 


OLNEY, George Washington, journalist, was 
born in Charleston, S.C., June 5, 1885; son of 
George Washington and Olive (Bartlett) Olney ; 
grandson of Stephen Olney of North Providence, 
R.L., an officer of the army of the Revolution, 
anda descendant of Thomas Olney, one of the 
original settlers of Rhode Island with Roger 
Williams, and first colonial treasurer. He was 
educated in the private schools of Charleston and 
in the University grammar school, Providence, 
R.I., and was graduated from Harvard Law 
school in 1855, He was one of the publishers of 
the New York Daily Day Book, 1858-61, and. 
during the civil war was correspondent in the 
south for the Richmond Enquirer and the 
Charleston Courier; 1861-63. Returning to New 
York city, he was dramatic writer for the New 
York Herald in 1866; editorial writer for the 
New York World, 1868-76, and in 1873 engaged in 
insurance journalism as editor of the Spectator. 
He was managing editor of the Weekly Under- 
writer, 1878-99, and became editor-in-chief in 
1899. He became editor of the World Almanae 
in 1870; was elected vice-president of the Under- 
writer Printing and Publishing Co., New York, 
in 1899 ; secretary of the Society of The Cincin- 
nati in the state of Rhode Island in 1897; a fellow 
of the Royal Statistical society of Great Britain 
in 1897, and a fellow of the American Statistical 
association in 1893. He is the author of several 
statistical works. ‘ 

OLNEY, Richard, cabinet officer, was born in 
Oxford, Mass., Sept. 15, 1835; son of Wilson and 
Eliza (Butler) Olney; descendant of Thomas 
Olney, who came to Salem, Mass., in 1635, from 
Hertfordshire, England, and was the 
founders of the Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations in 1637-8, 
and also of Andrew 
Sigourney, a French 
Huguenot, who was 
one of the first settlers 
of Oxford, Mass., in 


one of 


1687. Richard Olney 
was graduated at 


Brown university in 
1856, and at Harvard 
Law school in 1858. He 
was admitted to the 
bar in 1859, practiced 
law in Boston with 
Benjamin F, Thomas, ] 

1859-78, and after the 

death of Judge ~~ 

Thomas in 1878, continued by himself. He was 
married, March 6, 1861, to Agnes Park, daughter 
of Judge Thomas. He was a Democratic repre- 
sentative in the Massachusetts legislature of 1874 ; 
served in the cabinet of President Cleveland as 





(671 


OLSSEN 


attorney-general from March 6, 1893, to June 8, 
1895, and assecretary of state from June 10, 1895, 
to March 4, 1897. In March, 1897, he resumed the 
practice of law in Boston. He received the hon- 
orary degree of LL.D. from Harvard in 1893, 
from Brown in 1894, and from Yale in 1901. 
OLSSEN, William Whittingham, educator, 
* wes born in New York city, May 11, 1827; son of 
Edward Jones and Abigail Ann (Cronin) Olssen, 
and grandson of James Olssen of Copenhagen, 
Denmark, and his wife Mary Ann Jones of Bristol, 
England. He was prepared for college by the 
Rev. Robert W. Harris, D.D., at White Plains, 
N.Y., and was graduated at Columbia college, 
A.B., 1846, A.M., 1850, and at the General Theolo- 
gical seminary in 1849. He was admitted to the 
diaconate in Holy Trinity church, Brooklyn, 
N.Y., by Bishop Whittingham, July 1, 1849; 
was a missionary at Prattsville, N.Y., 1849-50, 
and was ordained priest in Grace church, Brook- 
lyn, N.Y., by Bishop De Lancy, June 29, 1851. 
He was married, April 24, 1851, to Louisa, 
daughter of Richard and Mary Ann (Rollinson) 
Whittingham of New York city. He was rector 
of the church of St. James the Less at Scarsdale, 
N.Y., 1851--71; professor of mathematics in St. 
Stephen’s college, Annandale, N.Y., 1871--73; of 
Greek and Hebrew language and literature, 1873- 
90, of English literature and history, 1890--94, and 
of mathematics again from 1894. He received 
the degree 8.T.D. from Columbia in 1876. He is 
the author of : Personality, Human and Divine 
(1882); Revelation, Universal and Special (1885), 
and of contributions to church periodicals. 
OLSSON, Olof, educator, was born in Bjor- 
torp, Vermland, Sweden, March 31, 1841. He 
was graduated at Upsala in 1861, and from the 
theological department in 1863. He was ordained 
to the Lutheran ministry, Dec. 15, 1863; was 
assistant pastor at Karlstad, Sweden, 1863-64; 
pastor of a large mining district in Sweden, 
1864--66, and pastor in eastern Vermland, 1867- 
69. He immigrated with a large number of his 
parishioners to the United States in 1869, and 
settled in Smoky Hill Valley, McPherson county, 
Kansas, where he organized a colony and church 
of which he was pastor, 1869--76. He was a 
representative in the Kansas legislature, 1871- 
72; professor of theology in the Augustana 
Theological seminary at Rock Island, Ill., 1876-- 
88; pastor of the Swedish Lutheran church at 
Woodhull, Ill., 1890--91, and president of Augus- 
tana college, Rock Island, 1891--1900. He received 
the degree D.D. from Augustana college in 1892, 
and Ph.D. from the University of Upsala in 
1893. He edited Nytt Och Gammalt at Linds- 
borg, Kan., 1873, and Luther-Kalender at Rock 
Island, Ill., 1883, and is the author of the following 
books: Greetings from Afar, being Recollections 


[68] 


ONDERDONK 


of Travels in England and Germany (1879); At 
the Cross (1886); The Christian Hope (1887), and 
To Rome and Home Again (1890.) He died in 
Rock Island, Ill.. May 12, 1900. 

O’MEARA, Stephen, editor and publisher, was 
born in Charlottetown, Prinee Edward Island, 
July 26, 1854; son of Stephen and Maria (Meade) 
O’Meara. In 1864 he came to the United States 
with his parents, who settled first in Braintree 
and then in Charlestown, Mass. He was grad- 
uated at the grammar and high schools of 
Charlestown. In 1872 he became the Charles- 
town reporter for the Boston Globe, and was a 
member of the regular staff, 1873-74. He was 
state house and shorthand reporter on the Boston 
Journal, 1874-79 ; city editor, 1879-81, news and 
managing editor, 1881-91. On the retirement of 
William W. Clapp in 1891, he became editor-in- 
chief and general manager ; and publisher of the + 
paper in 1896. He was married, Aug. 5, 1878, to 
Isabella M., daughter of Henry Squire of Charles- 
town, Mass. He was the first instructor in 
phonography in the Boston evening high school, 
1880-84; president of the Boston Press club, 1886- 
88; auditor, treasurer and a member of the ex- 
ecutive committee of the New England Associated 
Press, 1888-95, and secretary and treasurer of 
the Boston Daily Newspaper association, 1892-94. 
In 1896 he became connected with the Associated 
Press, serving at different times asa vice-president 
or the New England director. He was elected 
a trustee of the Massachusetts state library in 
1890, and became a member of the Union, 
Exchange, St. Botolph and Algonquin clubs. He 
received the honorary degree A.M. from Dart- 
mouth college in 1888. In 1900 he delivered the 
annual Fourth of July oration before the city 
authorities of Boston. 

ONDERDONK, Benjamin Tredwell, fourth 
bishop of New York and 24th in succession in 
the American episcopate, was born in New York 
city, July 15, 1791; son of John and Deborah 
(Ustick) Onderdonk; grandson of Adrian and 
Maria (Hegaman) Onderdonk, and a descendant 
of Adrian Van der Donck, who emigrated from 
Breda, Holland, to New Castle, Del., in 1637, and 
removed to Flatbush, Long Island, N.Y., in 1672. 
He was graduated at Columbia college, A.B., 1809, 
A.M., 1816; was admitted to the diaconate by 
Bishop Hobart, Aug. 2, 1812, and was ordained 
priest at Newark, N.J., by the same bishop, July 
25, 1816. He was assistant rector of Trinity 
church, New York city, 1813-86 ; professor of ec- 
clesiastical history, 1821-22, and of ecclesiastical 
polity and law, 1821-61, in the General Theological 
seminary. He succeeded the Rev. Dr. Lyell as 
secretary of the Diocesan convention, serving, 
1816-30, and was elected bishop of New York in 
October, 1830, to fill the vacancy caused by the 


ONDERDONK 


death of Bishop Hobart, who had expressed a de- 
sire that Onderdonk might be hissuccessor. He 
was consecrated at St. John’s chapel, New York 
city, Nov. 26, 1830, by Bishops White, Brownell 
and Henry U. Onderdonk, and continued in his 
duties as assistant rector of Trinity. On Dee. 4, 
1844, he was brought to trial before an ecclesiasti- 
eal court composed of seventeen bishops, charged 
with immoral acts said to have been committed be- 
tween June, 1837, and July, 1844, and on Jan. 3, 
1845, was suspended from all exercise of his epis- 
copal and ministerial functions. Like his brother, 
the Bishop of Pennsylvania, he acknowledged 
the excessive use of intoxicating liquors, but 
asserted his innocence of all criminality from first 
to last, immediately after the trial, and even on 
his death-bed. He published ‘A Statement of 
Facts and Circumstances Connected with the 
Bishop of New York ” in which he denied every 
accusation, but made no personal effort to evade 
punishment. His friends labored zealously in his 
behalf, and the diocese of New York earnestly 
endeavored to obtain a remission of the sen- 
tence. Many pamphlets were issued for and 
against the bishop, and on Oct. 11, 1847, he ad- 
dressed a memorial to the General convention. 
A second memorial was introduced into the 
General convention of 1850, and a third in that 


of 1859, when the house of bishops was petitioned 


by a majority of the clergymen and laity, to re- 
instate the deposed bishop. The petition was 
not granted, and he died with the stigma at- 
tached to his name, although it was quite clearly 
proven that he was the victim of a band of or- 
ganized conspirators. He received the degree of 
§.T.D in 1826 from Columbia, was a trustee of 
Columbia college, 1824-53, and of Hobart college, 
1838-53. He made valuable contributions to the 
literature of the church, and isthe author of the 
preface to the republication, by the Protestant 
Episcopal press, of Dr. John Bowden’s Letters on 
the Apostolic Origin of the Episcopacy (1831). 
He died in New York city, April 30, 1861. 
ONDERDONK, Henry, historian, was born in 
North Hempstead, N.Y., June 11, 1804; son of 
Joseph and Dorothy (Montfort) Onderdonk, and 
grandson of Adrian and Maria (Hegaman) On- 
derdonk. He was graduated at Columbia col- 
lege, A.B., 1827, A.M., 1833, and succeeded the 
Rev. Dr. Eisenbradt as principal of Union Hall 
academy, Jamaica, Long Island, N.Y., serving, 
1832-65, when he retired and devoted himself to 
literary work. He was an accomplished classical 
scholar, and entered the General Theological 
seminary in the class of 1848; but left soon after 
matriculating on account of the troubles that 
had come upon his two uncles, the bishops of 
New York and Pennsylvania. He lectured ex- 
tensively on temperance and local history, and 


[69] 


ONDERDONK 


made important researches in history and gene- 
alogy. He was married in 1828 to his cousin, 
Maria Hegaman, daughter of George and Sarah 
(Rapelye) Onderdonk. He was a member of 
several learned societies, and received the degree 
A.B. from Harvard in 1878, being enrolled with 
the class of 1828. He is the author of : Documents 
and Letters Intending to Illustrate the Revolu- 
tionary Incidents of Queen’s County, N.Y. (1846); 
Correspondence with James Fenimore Cooper, on 
the Capture and Death of Major Woodhull 
(1848); Revolutionary Incidents of Suffolk and 
Kings County with an Account of the Battle of 
Long Island (1849); Long Island and New York in 
Olden Times, being Newspaper Extracts and His- 
torical Sketches (1851); The Annals of Hempstead 
from 1643 to 1832 (1878), and The Antiquities of 
the Parish Church, Hempstead, including Oyster 
Bay and the Churches in Suffolk County (1880), 
He died at Jamaica, L.I., N.Y., June 22, 1886. 
ONDERDONK, Henry Ustick, second bishop of 
Pennsylvania, and 2list in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born in New York city, 
March 16,1789; sonof John and Deborah (Ustick) 
Onderdonk. Hewas graduated at Columbia, A.B. 
1805, A.M. 1808; studied medicine at the Uni- 
versity of Edinburgh, where he was graduated 
M.D. in 1810. He settled in practice in New 
York city in 1810, and was associate editor with 
Dr. Valentine Mott, of the New York Medical 
Journal in 1815. He studied theology under 
Bishop Hobart, and was admitted to the diacon- 
ate in St. Paul's chapel, New York city, Dec. 8, 
1815, and ordained in Trinity church, April 11, 
1816. He served as missionary and rector of St. 
John’s church, Canandaigua, N.Y., 1816-20, and 
as rector of St. Ann’s church, Brooklyn, N.Y., 
1820-27. He was elected assistant bishop of 
Pennsylvania and was consecrated in Christ 
church, Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 1827, by 
Bishops White, Hobart, Kemp, Croes and Bowen, 
and on the death of Bishop White, July 17, 1836, 
succeeded as second bishop of Pennsylvania. 
Owing to his intemperate habits he was com- 
pelled to resign in 1844, which resignation was 
accepted by the house of bishops at the General 
convention of 1844, and he was suspended from 
all public offices and functions of the ministry 
and from those of the episcopacy. He was re- 
instated by the General convention of 1856, but 
never actively entered on his duties. He 
ceived the honorary degree D.D. from Hobart 
and Columbia in 1827. He contributed to medical 
and religious journals. He is the author of an 
Appeal to the Religious Public of Canandaigua 
(1818); Episcopacy tested by Scripture (1830), 
afterward enlarged and entitled Episcopacy Ex- 
amined and Re-Examined (1835); Essays on Re- 
generation (1835); Family Devotions from the 


25, 


re- 


O’NEAL 


Liturgy (1835); Sermons and Charges (2 vols. 
1851), andhymns, metre psalms, and poems. He 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 6, 1858. 

O’NEAL, Edward Asbury, governor of Ala- 
bama, was born in Madison county, Ala., Sept. 20, 
1818; son of Edward and Rebecca (Wheat) O'Neal. 
His parents, both natives of South Carolina, were 
of Irish and Huguenot ancestry. His father died 
when he was but four years 
old. He was graduated at 
La Grange college, Ala., and 
studied law in the office of 
James W. McClung. He was 
married, April 12, 1838, to 
Olivia, daughter of Dr. Alfred 
and Eliza (Jones) Moore of 
Alabama. He was admitted to the bar in 1840; 
settled in practice in Florence, Ala. ; was solicitor 
of the state, 1841-45, and an unsuccessful can- 
didate for representative in the 3lst congress in 
1848. Heenlisted acompany for the 9th Alabama 
regiment, of which he was commissioned major in 
1861 and lieutenant-colonel the same year. He 
was promoted colonel and transferred to the 26th 
Alabama regiment in March, 1862, and com- 
manded the regiment in Rains’s brigade, D. H. 
Hill’s division, Longstreet’s right wing of the 
Confederate army, in the battles of Yorktown, 
Williamsburg and Seven Pines, being severely 
wounded at the latter. He commanded Rodes’s 
brigade, D. H. Hill’s division, in the Maryland 
campaign until relieved to resume command of 
his regiment, two days before the battle of Boons- 
boro, when he was again severely wounded. He 
returned to the army in the winter of 18638 and 
succeeded to the command of Rodes’s brigade 
when that officer took charge of the division in 
the battle of Chancellorsville, and was wounded 
while leading the brigade. At the battle of 
Gettysburg he commanded the brigade during 
the entire three days’ fight and on the retreat in 
Virginia, andresumed the command of his regi- 
ment in the battle of Mine Run, May 5, 1864. His 
regiment was then sent to Alabama to recruit, 
and his next service was in northern Georgia, 
where he was assigned to Cantey’s brigade, 
Walthall’s division, Polk’s corps, Army of the 
Mississippi, and succeeded Gen, James C. Cantey 
to the command of the brigade when that officer 
took command of the division, being relieved 
soon after Gen. John B. Hood assumed command 
of the army. He was on detached service till 
the close of the war; was promoted. brigadier- 
general, but the interruption of mail communi- 
cation with Richmond prevented his receiving 
the commission, and he was mustered out as 
colonel, and resumed the practice of his profes- 
sion in 1865. He was a member of the state con- 
stitutional convention in 1875, and chairman of 





[70] 


O’NEALL 


the committee on education; a_ presidential 
elector on the Hancock and English ticket in 
1880, and governor of Alabama for two terms, 
1882-86. He died in Florence, Ala., Nov. 7, 1890. 
O’NEALL, John Belton, jurist, was born near 
Bobo’s Mills, Newberry district, S.C., April 10, 
1793; son of Hugh and Anne (Kelly) O’Neall ; 
grandson of William and Mary (Frost) O’Neall, 
and of Samuel and Hannah (Belton) Kelly, and a 
descendant of William O*’Neall, the immigrant, 
who landed in Wilmington, Del., in 1730. John 
Belton O’Neall was graduated at South Carolina 
college in 1812, and studied law in the office of John 
Caldwell. He was in military service for a short 
time during the war of 1812, and was admitted 
to the barin1814,_ He was married, June 25, 1818, 
to Helen, daughter of Capt. Sampson and Sarah 
(Strother) Pope of Edgefield, 8.C. He repre- 
sented the Newberry district in the South Caro- 
lina legislature in 1816, 1822, 1824 and 1826, and. 
was elected speaker of the house of representa- 
tives in 1824 and in 1826. He was an associate 
judge of the supreme court of South Carolina, 
1828-31; judge of the supreme court, 1831-50, and 
president of the court of law appeals and of the 
court of errors, and chief justice of the supreme 
court of the state, 1859-64. He was president of 
the Greenville and Columbia railroad, 1847-53, 
He was brought up as a Quaker, abandoned the. 
use of spirituous liquors and tobacco ; joined the 
Baptist church in 1832, and was president of the 
State Temperance society, 1841-63, of the Sons of 
Temperance of North America, 1852-54, and of the 
Southern Baptist convention, 1858-63. He was 
major-general of the state militia for several 
years, and also served as lieutenant-colonel on 
the staff of Governor Pickens in 1816. He wasa 
trustee of South Carolina college, 1817-21, and 
1822-63, and received the degree LL.D. from Col- 
umbian university, D.C.,in 1846, and from Wake 
Forest college, N.C. He is the author of: The 
Drunkard’s Looking Glass (1840) ; Digest of the 
Negro Law (1848) ; Annals of Newberry (1858), and 
Bench and Bar of South Carolina (2 vols. 1859). 
He died near Newberry, S.C., Dec. 27, 1863. 
O’NEALL, John Henry, representative, was 
born near Newberry, S.C., Oct. 30, 1887; son of 
Henry Miles and Betsy (Edmundson) O’Neall ; 
grandson of Henry and Mary (Miles) O’Neall, 
and of John Edmundson ; great-grandson of Wil- 
liam and Mary (Frost) O’Neall, and of Samuel 
Miles, and great?-grandson of Hugh and Anne 
(Cox) O’Neall. Hugh O’Neall came from An- 
trim, Ireland, to Christiana, Del., in 1730. John 
Henry O'Neall was left an orphan in 1844: was. 
reared in the family of his grandfather, Henry 
O’Neall, Newberry, Greene county, Ind.; attended 
the district schools, and worked on the farm 
until 1859. He was a ward of John Belton: 


sth 


O’NEIL 


O’Neall(q.v.), during his minority. THe was grad- 
uated at the University of Indiana, B.S., in 
1862; studied law under Judge William Mack 
of Terre Haute, Ind., and was graduated at 
the law department of the University of Mich- 
igan in 1864. He was married, July 5, 1866. 
He represented Daviess county in the Indiana 
legislature in 1856 ; was prosecuting attorney for 
the 11th judicial district of Indiana in 1873, and 
served part of a second term in 1874, when he 
resigned. He was a Democratic representative 
from the second district of Indiana in the 50th 
and 5lst congresses, 1887-91, and in 1891 resumed 
the practice of law in Washington, Ind. 
O’NEIL, Charles, naval officer, was born in 
Manchester, England, March 15, 1842; sonof John 
and Mary Ann O'Neil. He came to the United 
States in 1847, and was educated in Boston, Mass. 
He entered the U.S. navy as a master’s mate 
on board the frigate Cumberland in July, 1861, 
was engaged in the capture of Forts Hatteras 
and Clark, in August, 1861, and in the engage- 
ment with the Confederate ironclad Merrimac, 
March 8, 1862. He rescued Lieutenant Morris 
from drowning, for which he received favorable 
mention and was promoted acting master, May 1, 
1862. He was attached to the gun boat Tioga, 
from the fall of 1862 to July, 1864, and cruised 


_in her in Wilkes’s Special West India squadron 





the receiving ship Boston in 1872; 


and in the East Gulf blockading squadron. He 
was attached to the steamer Rhode Island of the 
North Atlantic blockading squadron, 1864-65, and 
participated in both attacks on Fort Fisher, for 
which he was favorably mentioned. He was pro- 
moted acting volunteer lieutenant, May 30, 1865 ; 
served on the receiving ship Princeton, and on 
the steam gunboat 
Shamrock of the Euro- 
pean squadron, 1866- 
67; was attached to 
the store ship Guard 
of the European 
squadron, 1866-68; 
was commissioned 
lieutenant in the reg- 
ular navy, March 11, 
1868, and lieutenant- 
commander, Dec. 18, 
1868. He was mar- 
ried, April 6, 1869, to 
Mary C., daughter of 
Richard Frothingham 
of Charlestown, Mass. 
He served on the ironclad 


She died, May 2, 1901. 
Dictator of the North Atlantic squadron, 1870-71 ; 


the Lancaster 
and Wasp of the South Atlantic squadron, 1878-76, 
and the training ship Minnesota, 1876-77. He 
commanded the Supply in 1877; was attached 


71] 


O'NEILL 


to the Swatara on the North Atlantic station, 
1877-78, and was on ordnance duty at the Boston 
navy yard, 1879-82. He was executive officer of 
the Richmond on the Asiatic station, 1882-84 ; 
was on special ordnance duty, 1884-86, and pro- 
moted commander, July 28, 1884. He served on 
ordnance duty at the New York navy yard, 1886- 
89; commanded the Dolphin on special service, 
1889-90, was stationed at the navy yard, Wash- 
ington, D.C., 1890-92; was general inspector of 
the building of the Marblehead, 1892-94: com- 
manded that vessel in the North Atlantic and 
European squadrons, 1894-96, and was superin- 
tendent of the naval gun factory in Washington, 
1896-97. He was appointed chief of the bureau 
of ordnance at Washington, D.C., with the rank 
of commodore, June 1, 1897; was promoted to 
the grade of captain, July 21, 1897; was commis- 
sioned rear-admiral, April 22, 1901, and was re- 
appointed chief of the bureau of ordnance, June 
1, 1902. 

O’NEIL, Joseph Henry, representative, was 
born in Fall River, Mass., March 23, 1853; son of 
Patrick Henry and Mary (Harrington) O’Neil. In 
1854 his parents removed to Boston, Mass., where 
he became apprenticed to the printer’s trade and 
afterward to the carpenter’s trade. He a 
member of theschool board, 1874-78 ; represented 
Boston in the Massachusetts legislature, 1878-82, 
and 1883-84; was a president of the Democratic 
organization of the house in 1880, using his in- 
fluence to secure the charter of incorporation for 
the Meigs elevated railroad system, which was 
granted in 1884; was president of the company. 
1888-89, and of the Federal Trust company of 
Boston, Mass., from its incorporation in 1899. 
He was married, July 1, 1884, to Mary Anastasia, 
daughter of Johnand Maria (Plunkett) Ingoldsby 
of Boston, Mass. He was president of the 
board of directors of public institutions of the 
city of Boston, 1885-86; clerk of the city, 1887- 
88; representative from the fourth district in the 
51st, 52d and 53d congresses, 1889-95; a founder 
of St. James Young Men’s Catholic Total Abstin- 
ence society of Boston in 1870, and an originator 
of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union. 

O’NEILL, Charles, representative, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., March 21, 1821; son of John 
and Mary Blakiston O’Neill; grandson of John and 
Susanah (Johnson) O’Neill; great-grandson of 
John and Susan (Ferguson) O’ Neill, and a descend- 
ant of John, Lord O’Neill, of Shanes Castle, county 
Antrim, Ireland. His father was an architect 
and died about 1832, and his grandfather was a 
Revolutionary soldier in Captain Helm’s company 
New Jersey Line. Charles was prepared for 
college at a Friends school conducted by 
John Sanderson; was graduated at Dickinson 
college in 1840; studied law under George M. 


was 


O’NEILL 


Dallas and was admitted to practice in 
1843. He was a Whig representative in the 
Pennsylvania legislature, 1850-52 and 1860; 
state senator, 1853-54; was defeated for repre- 
sentative in the 37th congress to complete the 
term of Edward Joy Morris (q.v.) in 1861; 
was a Republican representative from the sec- 
ond district of Pennsylvania in the 88th-4ist 
congresses, 1863-71; was defeated for the 42nd 
congress in 1870 and was again a representative 
in the 48d-53d congresses, 1873-93, becoming 
‘* father of the house” upon the death of Samuel 
J. Randall, April 12, 1890. He was a member of the 
committee on commerce in the 88th-42nd, 46th, 
48th-53d congresses, and of the committee on ap- 
propriations in the 43d-45th and 47th congresses. 
His last official act was to administer the oath to 
Speaker Crisp, Aug. 7, 1893. He never married, 
and died in the house which he had occupied for 
fifty-five years with his elder brother and niece 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 25, 1893. 

O’NEILL, John J., representative, was born 
in St. Louis, Mo., June 25, 1846. He was educated 
in public schools, was in the civil service, 1851-66, 
gaged in manufacturing gold pens in St. Louis, 
1867-71, and was a representative in the Missouri 
legislature, 1872-78, where he labored in behalf of 
the working classes and women, and was chair- 
man of the committee on emigration. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1878; was a member of the 
municipal assembly of St. Louis, 1879-83, and a 
Democratic representative from the 11th Missouri 
district in the 48th, 49th, 50th, 52d and 53d con- 
gresses, 1883--89 and 1891--95. His seat in the 53d 
congress was contested by Charles F. Joy, but Mr. 
O’Neill obtained it, April 8, 1894. He introduced 
and secured the passage of a bill providing for 
the arbitration of differences between employers 
and employees in the 49th congress, which gave 
him a national reputation. He was married, 
Noy. 30, 1872, toa daughter of Solomon H. Rob- 
bins of St. Louis, Mo. He died in St. Louis, 
Mo., Feb. 19, 1898. 

OPDYCKE, Emerson, soldier, was born in 
Hubbard, Ohio, Jan. 7, 1830; son of Albert (who 
served in the war of 1812) and Elizabeth(Harmon) 
Gilson Opdycke; grandson of Capt. Albert (a 
Revolutionary officer) and Martha (Hendrickson) 
Opdycke, and a descendant of Louris Jansen and 
Christina Opdyck of Holland, who settled in 
New Netherlands previous to 1653, and resided at 
Gravesend, Long Island, N.Y., 1655. He attended 
the district school, and was a saddle and harness 
maker in Warren, Ohio. He removed to Cali- 
fornia, and was a clerk in San Francisco, 1855--57, 
returning to Warren, Ohio, in 1857. He was 
married, March 3, 1857, to Lucy Wells, daughter 
of Benjamin Stevens of Warren, Ohio. He was 
mustered in the volunteer army in July, 1861; was 


[72] 


OPPER 


commissioned 2d lieutenant in the 4ist Ohio 
regiment, Aug. 26, 1861; was promoted captain 
in January, 1862, and was acting major of the 
regiment at Shiloh, where he led an important 
charge. He recruited the 125th Ohio volunteers 
and was commissioned its colonel, Jan. 1, 1868, 
serving in the movements against Chattanooga, 
1863, at Chickamauga, where he lost one-third of 
his regiment, and at Chattanooga, Nov. 25, 1863, 
where he led his command, ademi-brigade, in the 
storming of Missionary Ridge. He participated 
in the Atlanta campaign, where he was the firsé 
to reach the crest of Rocky Face Ridge; received 
a severe wound at Resaca, and in June, 1864, led 
three regiments in one of three unsuccessful 
assaults on Kenesaw Mountain. He commanded 
the 1st brigade, 2d division, 4th army corps, from 
August, 1864, and at Franklin, Tenn., Novy. 30, 
1864, and led his brigade without orders into a 
gap caused by the Federal forces falling back, 
thereby gaining a victory. In the battle of 
Nashville he pursued the enemy to the Tennessee 
river, and his brigade was prominent in repelling 
Hood’s invasion of Tennessee. He was promoted 
brigadier-general of volunteers, and brevetted 
major-general of volunteers, March 18, 1865, to 
date from Nov. 30, 1864, for gallant and meritor- 
ious services at the battle of Franklin. He 
commanded a division at New Orleans, La., until 
January, 1866, when he resigned and entered the 
wholesale dry goods business in New York city. 
He is the author of: Notes on the Chickamauga 
Campaign in Vol. III. ‘* Battles and Leaders of 
the Civil War,” pp. 668-71 (1884). He died in 
New York city, April 25, 1884. 

OPPER, Frederick Burr, cartoonist, was born 
in Madison, Ohio, Jan. 2, 1857; son of Lewis and 
Aurelia (Burr) Opper; grandson of Ernest and 
Anna (Hartman) Opper and of Charles and 
Polly (Bestor) Burr, and a descendant of 
Benjamin Burr, a native of England, who was an 
original settler of Hartford, Conn., in 1635. His 
father emigrated from Austria-Hungary and en- 
gaged in mercantile pursuits in Madison, Ohio. 
Frederick was educated in the public schools of 
Madison, and in 1871 entered the office of the 
Madison Gazette to learn the printer’s trade. He 
removed to New York city in 1872, and became 
a clerk in a mercantile house, devoting his 
leisure to drawing humorous sketches for which 
he obtained a ready market. He attended the 
drawing class of the Cooper Union evening school 
for one term and in 1876 left his clerical position 
to illustrate for Wild Oats and other publications. 
He was a member of the art staff of Frank 
Leslie’s publishing house, 1877-80, and a member 
of the staff of Puck, 1880-99, becoming a stock- 
holder in the corporation. He was married in 
1881 to Nellie Barnett. In May, 1899, he accepted 


ORCOTT 


an offer from the New York Journal, to become 
a cartoonist on the Journal, Chicago American 
and San Francisco Examiner. Three collections 
of his Puck drawings were published, entitled 
Puck's Opper Book, The Funny World, and Just 
for Fun; and acollection of his Journal cartoons 
was published, entitled Willie and His Papa, 
He also illustrated Bill Nye’s History of the U.S.; 
an edition of Mother Goose; Mr. Dooley’s -Philo- 
sophy, and many other books, besides a collection 
of his own verses and pictures entitled The 
Folks in Funnyville. 

ORCOTT, Samuel, author, was bornin Albany 
county, N.Y., April 12, 1824. He was educated 
in Cazenovia academy, taught school and entered 
the Methodist ministry. He was pastor of various 
Methodist churches, the last being in New York 
city; became a member of the Congregational 
church, and was pastor at Walcott, Conn., finally 
retiring to devote himself to historical writing. 
He is the author of: History of the Town of 
Waleott (1874); History of Torrington, Conn. 
(1878); History of Derby, Conn., with Dr. Am- 
brose Beardsley (1880); History of New Milford 
and Bridgewater, Conn. (1882); The Indians of 
the Housatonic and Naugatuck Valley (1883); 
History of the Old Town Stratford, and the City 
of Bridgeport (1884-86); Hawley Record (1890), 
and Henry Tomlinson and his Descendants in 
America (1891). He died in Bridgeport, Conn., 
Jan. 14, 1893. 

ORD, Edward Otho Cresap, soldier, was born 
in Cumberland, Md., Oct. 18, 1818; son of Lieut. 
James Ord, an officer in the war of 1812. He 
was graduated from the U.S. Military academy 
and promoted 2d lieutenant, 3d artillery, July 1, 
1839. He served in the Florida war against the 
Seminole Indians, 1839-42; was promoted 1st 
lieutenant, July 1,1841; was on garrison duty in 
North Carolina and Maryland, 1842-45; served in 
the war with Mexico, 1847-48; was in garrison 
in California and Massachusetts, 1849-52, and 
was promoted captain, Sept. 7, 1850. He served 
on frontier duty in California and Oregon, 1852- 
58; was in garrison at the artillery school for 
practice, Fort Monroe, Va., in 1859, and served in 
the expedition to suppress John Brown’s raid at 
Harper’s Ferry, Va., in 1859. He was commis- 
sioned brigadier-general, U.S. volunteers, Sept. 
14, 1861, and commanded a brigade forming the 
extreme right of the army of defence before 
Washington, D.C., November, 1861-May,1862 ; was 
promoted major, 4th artillery, Nov. 21, 1861, and 
was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for gallant and 
meritorious services in the battle of Dranesville, 
Va., Dec. 20, 1861. He was appointed major- 
general, U.S. volunteers, May 2, 1862; com- 
manded a division under General McDowell in 
the Shenandoah valley, opposing Jackson, May- 


. ORD 
June, 1862; wasin command of Corinth, Miss., 
June-August, 1862, and of the left wing of the 
Army of the Mississippi during General Grant’s 
operations, August-September, 1862. He was 
with General Grant at Burnsville, five miles 
from Iuka during the battle of Sept. 19, 1862, 
news of which did not reach them until the 20th, 
when he hurried forward his wing, composed of 
Davies, Ross and McArthur. He was in command 
of the district of Jackson, Tenn,, September- 
October, 1862, but did not join in the battle of 
Corinth until Oct. 5, when he came up to the 
Federal army in pursuit of the fleeing Confed- 
erates at Hatchie, and assuming command, drove 
back the head of the Confederate column. He 
was severely wounded, and the entire army 
escaped capture only through its superior knowl- 
edge of the country. He was brevetted colonel, 
Sept. 19, 1862, for gallant and meritorious conduct 
at the battle of Iuka, Miss. He was a member of 
the military commission investigating General 
Buell’s campaign in Kentucky and Tennessee, 
November, 1862-—May, 1863 ; commanded the 13th 
army corps, Army of the Tennessee, in the Vicks- 
burg campaign, June 18 to Oct. 28, 1863, as suc- 
cessor to General McClernand, and served on the 
staff of General Grant in the siege of Vicksburg, 
Miss., June 18—July 4, 1863. He took part in the 
capture of Jackson, Miss., July 16, 1863, was sent 
with the 13th corps and Herron’s division to 
report to Banks, and served with the Army of 
Western Louisiana from August to October, 1863, 
when he was placed on sick leave and Gen. C. C. 
Washburn was given command of his corps. 
He reported to General Grant in Virginia, and 
on March 29, 1864, to General Sigel at Cumber- 
land, who was ordered to supply 8000 infantry 
and 1,500 cavalry picked men to operate against 
Staunton, and with General Crooke directed the 
campaign. He was ordered to the Army of the 
James to take command of the 18th army corps, 
relieving Gen. William F, Smith, July 9, 1864, 
and he succeeded to the command of the 24th 
army corps. He took part in the operations 
before Richmond, and in the assault and capture 
of Fort Harrison, Sept. 29, 1864, where he was 
severely wounded. He succeeded Gen. B. F. 
Butler in command of the Army of the James 
and the department of North Carolina, Jan. &, 
1865. He engaged in the various operations of 
the siege of Petersburg, Va., and in the pursuit 
of the Confederate army, terminating in the 
capitulation of General Lee at the Appomattox 
court house, April 9, 1865. He was brevetted 
brigadier-general, U.S.A., for gallant and meritor- 
ious services at the battle of the Hatchie, Miss., 
and major-general, U.S.A., for the same at the 
assault of Fort Harrison, Va., March 13, 1865. 
He was in command of the Department of the: 


[73] 





ORD 


Ohio, July 5, 1865-Aug. 6, 1866; was promoted 
lieutenant-colonel, Ist artillery, Dec. 11, 1865, 
and brigadier-general, U.S.A., July 26, 1866. 
He commanded the Department of the Arkansas, 
Aug. 29, 1866 to March 11, 1867; was mustered 
out of the volunteer service, Sept. 1, 1866, and 
was placed in command of the 4th military 
district, including Arkansas and _ Mississippi, 
March 26, 1867. He was retired from the army 
in January, 1881, and accepted an appointment of 
engineer in the construction of a Mexican rail- 
road. On his way to New York from Vera Cruz 
he was seized with yellow fever, and taken ashore 
at Havana, Cuba, where he died, July 22, 1883. 

ORD, George, naturalist, was born in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., in 1781. He made a study of natural 
history and early devoted himself to ornithology. 
He accompanied Alexander Wilson in his scien- 
tific explorations, and was a co-executor of his 
will in 1813. He completed the eighth volume of 
American Ornithology (1814), and is the author 
of the concluding volume of that work, for 
which he wrote a sketch of Wilson’s life. He pre- 
pared a new edition of the last three volumes in 
1825, and published in a separate volume Life of 
Alexander Wilson (1828). He assisted in the prep- 
aration of dictionaries, contributed to scientific 
journals, and is the author of memoirs of Thomas 
Say (1884), and of Charles A. Lesuewr (1849). 
He was a member of the Linnean society of 
London ; a vice-president of the American Phil- 
osophical society and president of the Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1851-58. He 
left more than $16,000 to the Pennsylvania hospi- 
tal, for the benefit of the insane, and also 
bequeathed his scientific library to the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, Philadelphia. He died 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan 24, 1866. 

ORDWAY, Alfred, painter, was born in Rox- 
bury, Mass., March 9, 1821; son of Thomas and 
Jerusha (Currier) 
Ordway; grandson 
of Dr. Samuel Ord- 
way; and a descend- 
ant of James and 
Ann (Emery) Ord- 
way. Alfred Ordway 
attended the public 
schools of Lowell, 
Mass., and began the 
study of art at an 
early age. He open- 
ed a studio in Bos- 
ton, Mass., in 1845, 
where he was one of 
the founders of the 
Boston Art club in 
1854, its first secretary and treasurer, its president 
in 1859, and its corresponding secretary in 1866. 





74) 


ORDWAY 


He was also curator of the annual] exhibition 
of paintings at the Boston Atheneum, 1856-63. 
He resided in New York city, 1866-67, where he 
was officially connected with the National Acad- 
emy of Design, and he also spent a short time in 
Virginia. He was one of the founders of the 
Paint and Clay club, which organization gave 
him a banquet in March, 1896, on the occasion of 
his seventy-sixth birthday. His specialty was 
portraiture, but during the latter part of his life 
he devoted himself to landscape painting and 
was a frequent exhibitor in Boston. He was 
married March 19, 1860, to Annie Hill of Boston, 
Mass. He died at Melrose Highlands, Mass., Nov. 
17; 1897: 

ORDWAY, John Morse, chemist, was born in 
Amesbury, Mass., April 23, 1823; son of Samuel 
and Sally (Morse) Ordway, and a descendant of, 
James Ordway, a native of Wales, who emigrated 
from England to America in 1648, and settled in 
Newbury, Mass., where he married Ann Emery. 
John served an apprenticeship with a chemist, 
1836-89, was graduated at Dartmouth college 
A.B. 1844, A.M. 1847, and then engaged in the 
study of medicine. He was manager of chemi- 
cal works in Lowell, Mass., 1840-47 ; superintend- 
ent of the Roxbury Color and Chemical company 
at Roxbury, Mass., 1847-51, and 1854-58, and 
principal of Grand River colleges at Edinburg, 
Mo., 1851-54. He was chemist at the Hughesdale 
Chemical works, Johnston, R.I., 1858-60; 
chemist, manager and superintendent of the Man- 
chester Print works, Manchester, N.H., 1860-66 ; 
superintendent of the Bayside Alkali works, 
South Boston, Mass., 1866-74, and chemist to the 
Hughesdale Chemical works at Johnston, R.I., 
1866-69, spending alternate days at the two 
places. He was professor of industrial chemistry 
and metallurgy at the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology, 1869-84; chairman of the faculty 
1877-82, and performed most of the duties of 
president there, while continuing his regular 
work. He was also an instructor of biology in 
Boston university, 1876-80. He was professor of 
applied chemistry and director of the manual 
training department of Tulane university, New 
Orleans, La., 1884-97, organized and instructed 
the class in biology, 1886-90, and was an instructor 
in engineering, 1891-97. He became professor of 
biology in Neweomb college for women, a branch 
of Tulane university, on its organization in 1886, 
and held it from that year. He was elected a 
member of various scientific societies, and was 
chairman of the chemical section of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science in 
1880. His investigations were principally in the 
direction of original researches in various 
branches of industrial chemistry for private cor- 
porations. In 1882 he visited Europe and in- 





“7 


Ree 





O'REGAN 


vestigated the methods of industrial education. 
He was married, Jan. 26, 1854, to Virginia C., 
daughter of Milton Moore of Missouri. She died 
in 1860. He was married secondly tn 1864, to 
Mrs. Charlotte H. Mauross, daughter of Chauncy 
Royce of Connecticut. After her death in 1874, 
he was married thirdly to Evelyn M., daughter of 
John B. Walton of Massachusetts. She was his 
assistant at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
nology and subsequently became professor of 
chemistry in the H. Sophie Newcomb college, 
Tulane university, New Orleans, La. He con- 
tributed to the American Journal of Science, the 
Proceedings of the American Institute of Mechan- 
ical Engineers, and other scientific and educa- 
tional periodicals, and is the author of Plantarum 
Ordinum Indicator (1881). 

O’REGAN, Anthony, R.C. bishop, was born 
at Lavalleyroe, near Cloufad, diocese of Tuam, 
Ireland, in 1809. He attended Maynooth college, 
1826-34 ; was ordained sub-deacon, 1832, deacon, 
1833, priest in November, 1834. He was professor 
in the archiepiscopal college of St. Jarlith’s, at 
‘Tuam, 1834-44, and president of the college, 1844- 
49. At the invitation of Archbishop P. R. Ken- 
rick of St. Louis he came to America in 1849, 
and was superior and professor of theology and 
sacred scriptures in the Theological Seminary, of 
St. Louis, at Carondelet, Mo., 1849-54. In 1854 
he was appointed the third bishop of Chicago, Ill. 
He declined the appointment and returned the 
documents to Rome, but they were again sent to 
him and he was consecrated in the Cathedral of 
St. Louis, July.25, 1854, by Archbishop Kenrick 
assisted by Bishops Van de Velde, Henni and 


Loyas. The diocese of Chicago was established 
Nov. 28, 1843, 
and in 1854 
had but few 
churches and 
priests and no 
religious insti- 
tutions. His 
administration 
extended also 


over the diocese 
of Quincy, until 
it was transfer- 
red to Alton, 
(wee Jan. 9, 1857. 
%; He prudently 
purchased lands 
upon which the 
ecclesiastical 
structures of 
the diocese were afterward built, and intro- 
duced the Jesuit and Redemptorist fathers 
into the diocese ; but his administration was 
not successful, owing to a jealousy between 


CATHEDRAL OF THE HOLY NAME. 


[75] 


O'REILLY 


the Irish and French Catholics, who were at the 
time about equally divided in the diocese. In 
1856 he went to Rome and petitioned the pope 
to accept his resignation which was granted, 
May 3, 1858. He received the titular see of 
** Dora,” June 25, 1858, and resided at Michael's 
Grove, Brompton, London, England, until his 
death. He left his theological library to the 
diocese of Chicago on his resignation, and at 
his death $10,000 to the Roman Catholic Mis- 
sionary College of All Hallows, Dublin, to be 
used for educating young priests for the dioceses 
of Chicago and Alton, and $2,500 towards the 
erection of a hospital in Chicago, Ill. He died in 
London, England, Noy. 18, 1866. 

O’REILLY, Bernard, R.C. bishop, was born in 
the townland of Cunnareen, parish of Columb- 
lall, county Longford, Ireland, in March, 1803. 
He left Ireland for America, Jan. 11, 1825; pre- 
pared for the priesthood in the Seminarie de 
Théologie, Montreal, Canada, and at St. Mary’s 
college, Baltimore, Md., and was ordained priest 
in New York city, Oct. 18, 1831. His first mission 
was in St. James’s church, Brooklyn, where in 
1832 he was twice stricken with the cholera while 
attending the sick and dying. Hewas appointed 
pastor of St. Patrick’s church in Rochester, N.Y., 
in December, 1832, the parish extending from 
Auburn to Niagara Falls. In 1847 he was ap- 
pointed by Bishop Timon vicar-general of the 
diocese of Buffalo, where he was president of the 
Seminary of Our Lady of Angels, and director of 
the Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity. 
He answered several attacks made on the hospital 
by the Rev. John C. Lord, D.D., a Presbyterian 
clergyman, and_ his 
articles : ‘‘Catholicity 
the Friend of Civil 
and Religious  Lib- 
erty ;” ‘* Presbyter- 
ianism the Enemy of 
Civil and Religious 
Liberty,” and ‘‘The 
Catholic Church, the 
Church of Christ,” 
closed the discussion. 
He was appointed the 
second bishop of Hart- 
ford, Conn., to suce 





ceed Bishop Tyler, 
who died June 18, 
1849, was conse- 


crated in St. Patrick’s church, Rochester, N.Y., 
Nov. 10, 1850, by Bishop Timon, assisted by 
Bishops McCloskey and Fitzpatrick, and was in- 
stalled in St. Joseph’s cathedral, Nov 17, 1850. 
He built new churches and educational and char- 
itable institutions, introduced the Sisters of Mercy 
into the diocese and made rapid progress in spite of 


O’REILLY 


violent opposition. In 1855 when St. Francis 
Xavier's Convent of Mercy at Providence, R.L., 
was surrounded by a mob who threatened violence 
to the inmates, Bishop O'Reilly faced them, and 
by his determined attitude caused the mob to 
disperse without doing harm. He visited Europe 
in December, 1855, to secure a colony of brothers 
to take charge of his schools, and paid a last 
visit to his parents in Ireland. He embarked for 
the United States in the ship Pacific in January, 
1856, and was never heard from again. 
O’REILLY, Bernard, prothonotary apostolic, 
was born in the Parish of Cughall, near Westport, 
county Mayo, Ireland, Sept. 29, 1820. He im- 
migrated to Canada in boyhood, was educated for 
the priesthood in the Seminary of Quebec, and 
was ordained priest Sept. 11, 1842, in the parish 
church at Nicolet, Can., by Archbishop Joseph 
Signay of Quebec. For several years he was en- 
gaged in mission work in Canada, where he de- 
voted himself to the Irish families who immigra 
ted there during the famine of 1848, and also to 
promoting a plan for Irish colonization. He went 
to New York city, became professor of rhetoric 
in St. John’s college, Fordham, 1851, and after 
studying in Europe, became an assistant in 
St. Francis Xavier's church, New York city. 
He was nominated domestic prelate of the papal 
throne, Sept. 15, 1887, and prothonotary apostolic 
of the archdiocese of New York, Sept. 29, 1892. 
He traveled in Europe, and was selected by Pius 
IX. to write the official life of Pope Leo XIII. 
He is the author of Mirror of True Woman- 
hood (1876); Life of Pius IX. (1877); True Men 
(1878); Key of Heaven (1878); The Two Brides, 
a novel (1879); Life of Leo XIII. (1887). 
O’REILLY, John Boyle, author, was born at 
Dowth Castle, near Drogheda, county Meath, 
Ireland, June 28, 1844, son of William David and 
Eliza (Boyle) O’Reil- 
ly. He was educat- 
ed under his father, 
a noted mathemati- 
cian and master of 
the Nettleville In- 
stitute at  Dowth 
Castle for thirty-five 
years, aud in 1855 
entered the office of 
the Argus in Drog- 
heda, where he learn- 
ed the printer’s trade, 
He also learned short- 





AWS 
Rs Ba, to England served as 


(. 

a reporter. Becoming 
imbued with the revolutionary spirit then gaining 
ground in Ireland, he joined in 1863 the 4th Hus- 
sars, known as the ‘* Prince of Wales’s Own,” and 

[76] 


hand, and removing 


O’REILLY 


stationed in Dublin, Ireland, for the purpose of 
stirring up rebellion among the large proportion of 
Irishmen in that division of the English army. 
When his connection with the Fenian Brotherhood 
was discovered, he.was arrested, tried for treason 
June 26, 1866, and sentenced to be shot: but this 
sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and 
finally totwenty years’ penal servitude in English 
prisons. While at Dartmoor,from which he tried to 
escape, he helped to raise a crude pile of stones 
over the bodies of the French and American 
prisoners who had met their fate fifty years 
before. He was despatched to Australia with 
other political prisoners in November, 1867, and 
in 1868, through a young Maori girl, sent a letter 
to Father Patrick McCabe at Bunbury, West 
Australia, who labored for his escape. The priest 
arranged with Capt. Gifford, of the Gazelle of New 
Bedford, Mass., who after repeated adventures 
and escapes to save his passenger, had him trans- 
ferred to different vessels, until he was landed in 
Philadelphia, Pa., by the Bombay in November, 
1869. O’Reilly was admitted to citizenship in 
Philadelphia, removed to New York city, and 
later to Boston. He lectured extensively on the 
wrongs of Ireland. He resumed his journalistic 
career in connection with the Boston Pilot in 
1870, followed the Fenian raid into Canada for 
that periodical, and in 1874 purchased the Pilot 
with Archbishop Williams of Boston, and was 
the manager and editor-in-chief until his death. 
In 1877 he helped effect the rescue of six of his 
former fellows deported as felons to Australia, 
the effort costing him $25,000.. He was elected 
recording secretary of the Catholic Union of. 
Boston, from its beginning, and was a member 
of its executive committee; a founder of the 
Papyrus club, and a member of the St. Botolph 


club. He was married, Aug. 15, 1872, to Mary 
Agnes Smiley, daughter of John and Jane 


(Smiley) Murphy of Charlestown, Mass. She 
was a writer of ability, and died, Noy. 22, 1897. 
Ile received the degree LL.D. from the University 
of Notre Dame in 1881, and from the University 
of Georgetown, D.C., in 1889. He was poet at 
the dedication of the Pilgrim monument at 
Plymouth, Mass., Aug. 1, 1889. He contributed 
to the American magazines, and to the magazine 
of Oxford university, England, and is the author 
of: Songs of the Southern Seas (1873); Songs, 
Legends and Ballads (1878); Statues in the 
Block (1881); In Bohemia (1886), and had in 
preparation The Country with a Roof, an 
allegory dealing with certain faults in the 
American social system ; The Evolution of Straight 
Weapons, and a work on the material resources 
of Ireland. .A monument was erected to his 
memory in the Fenway, Boston, Mass., and 
unveiled by his daughter, Blanid O'Reilly, June 





O’REILLY 


20, 1896. Busts of the poet were also placed in 
the Catholic university of America at Washing- 
ton, D.C., and in the Boston public library, 
where an alcove of Celtic literature was also 
established to commemorate him. He died at 
his summer residence, Hull, Mass., Aug. 10, 1890. 

O’REILLY, Patrick Thomas, R.C. bishop, 
was born at Kill, county Caven, Treland, Dec. 24, 
1833, son of Philip and Mary O'Reilly. He came 
to the United States in 1847, wherea wealthy 
uncle in Boston, Mass., paid for his theological 
education in St. Charles college, Ellicott City, 
Md., 1852-53, and in St. Mary’s seminary, Balti- 
more, Md., 1853-57. He was ordained Aug. 15, 
1857, by Bishop Bacon, of Portland. He was 
pastor of St. John’s church, Worcester, Mass., 
1857-62 ; organized and served St. Joseph’s parish 
in Boston, Mass., 1862-64, and was pastor of St. 
John’s church in Worcester, 1864-70. He was 
elected bishop of the newly organized diocese of 
Springfield, Mass., June 28, 1870, and was con- 
secrated at St. Michael’s church (afterward 
cathedral) Springfield, Mass., Sept. 25, 1870, by 
Archbishop John McCloskey of New York, assisted 
by Bishops Williams and Conroy. The twentieth 
anniversary of his episcopate was celebrated in 
his cathedral in 1890. He died in Springfield, 
Mass., May 28, 1892. 

ORMAN, James Bradley, governor of Colorado, 
was born in Muscatine, Iowa, Nov. 4, 1849; son 
of John and Sarah Josephine (Bradley) Orman. 
He attended the common school, worked on his 
father’s farm and in 1869 engaged in business with 
his brother, William A. Or- 
man, as a contractor in rail- 
road building, his work 
z| extending through the whole 
oll western country, and em- 
5) bracing the most prominent 
railroads and _ irrigating 

—— canals of that region. He 
also Ronmilated valuable mineral and coal lands 
and real estate in Pueblo, Denver and Trinidad. 
He made his home in Pueblo, where he was mai- 
ried, Sept. 27, 1877, to Nellie, daughter of William 
P. Martin. He was president of the electric rail- 
way of that city ; a member of the city council ; 
a Democratic representative in the state legisla- 
ture, 1880-84; received twenty-seven votes on 
joint ballot for U.S. senate in 1883, there being 
only twenty-two Democratic votes; declined 
the Democratic nomination for governor of 
Colorado in 1888 and 1890; was a delegate to 
the Democratic national convention of 1892; and 
mayor of Pueblo, 1897-98. He was nominated 
for governor of Colorado by the Democratic party 
and endorsed by the Populists and Silver Repub- 
licans, being elected by a large majority in the 
fall of 1900 for the term expiring Jan. 10, 1903. 






(ef - ia 


yew Wi 










3 
tay 


ORMSBY 


ORMSBEE, Ebenezer Jolls, governor of Ver- 
mont, was born in Shoreham, Vt., June 8, 1834; 
son of John Mason and Polly (Willson) Ormsbee. 
He was educated in the academies at Brandon 
and South Woodstock, worked on his father’s 


farm and taught 
school. He studied 


law in the office of 
Briggs & Nicholson, 
Brandon, Vt., 1857- 
61; was admitted to 
the bar in 1861; 
enlisted in the Allen 
Grays of Brandon, in 
April, 1861; joined 
the 1st Vermont vol- 
unteers ; was commis- 
sioned 2d lieutenant, 
April 25, 1861, and 
served three months. 
He re-enlisted in the 
12th Vermont volun- 





EG Lonel 


teers for two years, was promoted captain, Sept. 


22, 1862, and served under Gen. George J. 
Stannard in the 38d_ brigade, 3d division, 1st 
army corps, Army of the Potomac, and distin- 
guished himself at Gettysburg. Hewas mustered 
out a second time, July 14, 1863, and in 1864 en- 
gaged in the practice of law at Brandon, Vt., in 
partnership with his preceptors. He was assistant 
U.S. internal revenue assessor for the district of 
Vermont, 1868-72; state’s attorney for Rutland 
county, 1870-74; a Republican representative 
from Brandon in the state legislature in 1872, 
and a state senator in 1878. He was a trustee of 
the Vermont Reform school, 1880-84; lieutenant- 
governor of the state, 1884-86, and governor of 
Vermont, 1886-88. In 1891 he was appointed by 
President Harrison, chairman of the commission 
to treat with the Paiute Indians at Pyramid Lake, 
Nev., for the cession ofa part of their reservation, 
and also U.S. land commissioner at Samoa, 
serving at the latter post until 1893, when he 
returned to Brandon and resumed his law _ prac- 
tice. He was married in 1862 to Jennie L., 
daughter of the Hon. E. N. Briggs of Brandon, 
Vt., and secondly in 1867 to Mrs. Frances Daven- 
port, daughter of William L. Wadhams of West- 
port, N.Y. 

ORMSBY,Stephen, representative, was born in 
Virginia in 1765. He received a liberal education, 
was admitted to the bar and settled in practice in 
Jefferson circuit, Kentucky. He served in the 
early Indian wars, and as a brigade-major under 
Gen. Josiah Harmar in the campaign of 1790, 
He was clerk of the circuit and county courts for 
several years, and became one of the first judges 
of the district court for Jefferson county, Dec. 
19, 1791, and of the circuit court, Dec. 24, 1802. 


[77] 


ORMSBY 


He was a presidential elector on the Adams and 
Jefferson ticket in 1797, and a representative in 
the 12th, 13th and 14th congresses, 1811-15, He 
was defeated for the 18th congress in 1812 by 
John Simpson, who was killed at the battle of 
the River Raisin, Jan. 22, 1813, before taking his 
seat, and Ormsby succeeded him. He was active 
in promoting the educational welfare of the state, 
and died in Louisville, Ky., Sept. 6, 1846. 

ORMSBY, Waterman Lilly, engraver, was 
born in Hampton, Windham county, Conn., in 
1809. He attended the public school of Hampton, 
removed to New York city, where he learned the 
engraver’s art and devoted himself to bank note 
engraving. Heinvented several ruling machines, 
transfer presses, and the grammagraph for en- 

_graving on steel. He was the founder of the 
Continental Bank Note company, executed large 
contracts for the U.S. treasury, and almost 
wholly designed the five-dollar note, intended to 
prevent counterfeiting. He is credited with 
having aided S. F. B. Morse in preparing the 
Morse telegraphic alphabet, and in transmitting 
messages at the first public exhibition of the 
telegraph in New York city. He is the author 
of: Ormsby Bank Note Engraving (1852). He 
died in Brooklyn, N.Y., Nov. 1, 1883. 

ORNE, Azor, patriot, was born in Marble- 
head, Mass., July 22,1781; son of Joshua and 
Sarah (Gale) Orne; grandson of Joshua and 
Elizabeth (Norman) Orne, and of Azor Gale, 
anda descendant of John Orne, or Horn, who 
emigrated from England, probably in the fleet 
with Winthrop, settled in Salem, Mass., in 1630, 
was made freeman in 1631, and was deacon of 
the First church of Salem for fifty years. Azor 
Orne was a prosperous merchant at the outbreak 
of the Revolution, and early joined the patriot 
cause. He was a representative to the General 
Court in 1773; a delegate to the Essex conven- 
tion and to the Provincial congress of 1774, and 
a member of the committees of safety, military 
affairs, organization of forces, and on the collect- 
ing of arms and ammunition. He was elected 
judge of the general court in 1775,and was 
appointed one of three major-generals of Massa- 
chusetts militia by the Provincial congress 
in January, 1776. He was a representative in the 
Hartford convention of Nov. 11, 1780, and was a 
member of the committee that prepared a circular 
to set forth the necessity of providing for revenue 
by a system of taxation. He also loaned the 
government a large amount of money, and was a 
member of the convention that framed the state 
constitution in 1780, and of the convention that 
adopted the Federal constitution in 1788: was a 
member of the council, 1788-96, anda presidential 
elector in 1792. He served in the state senate 
where he strongly advocated the public school 


ORR 


system. He was married first to Mary Coleman, 
and secondly to Mary (Lee) Orne, widow of his 
brother, Col. Joshua Orne, and sister of Col. Jere- 
miah Lee. Hediedin Boston, Mass., June 6, 1796. 

ORR, Alexander Dalrymple, representative, 
was born at Alexandria, Va., in 1765. He wasa 
pioneer settler of Kentucky, and at an early 
period settled in Bourbon, afterward Mason 
county, on the Ohio river, where he built the first 
brick house erected in the county. He repre- 
sented Bourbon county in the Virginia legislature 
in 1790, was elected with Cristopher Greenup to 
represent Kentucky on its admission as a state, 
in the 2d, 8d and 4th congresses, 1791-97. He 
was also elected to the Kentucky senate in 1792. 
He died in Paris, Ky., June 21, 1835. 

ORR, James Lawrence, governor of South 
Carolina, was born in Craytonville, Anderson 
county, §8.C., May 12, 1822 ; son of Christopher 
and Martha (McCann) Orr; grandson of Johnand 
Jane B.(Chickscale) Orr, and a descendant of 
Humphrey Orr, a native of Ireland, who settled 
in Plumstead, Bucks county, Pa.,in 1730. James 
Lawrence Orr served as a clerk in his father’s 
store ; was graduated at the University of Vir- 
ginia in 1842, studied law under Judge Whitner, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1848. He settled 
in practice in Anderson, §.C., was married to 
Mary J. Marshall, and became editor of the 
Anderson Gazette. He was a Democratic repre- 
sentative in the state legislature, 1844-46, anda 
representative in the 31st, 32d, 83d, 34th and 
35th congresses, 1849-59. Heserved as chairman 
of the committee of the whole on the state of 
the Union, and of the committee on Indian 
affairs, and was speaker of the house during the 
35th congress. He opposed secession and the 
compromise measures of Henry Clay, and in 1851, 
as a member of the Southern Rights convention 
in Charleston, 8.C., succeeded in defeating the 
secession ordinance framed by that body, al- 
though he maintained the right of a state to 


secede. He was a delegate to the state secession © 


convention of 1860, and finally cast his lot with 
his native state. He was one of the three com- 
missioners sent to Washington in December, 1860, 
to treat for the surrender of the U.S. forts in 
Charleston harbor and of 
other property to the state. 
On his return he raised a 
rifle regiment, and com- 
manded it in battle until 
1862, when he was elected 
to the Confederate States 
senate, serving until the close 
of the Confederate government. He was elected 
governor of South Carolina by the Republican 
party, under President Johnson’s plan of recon- 
struction in 1865, and served until 1868. He was 





[78] 





| 
: 





ORR 


a delegate to the Constitutional Union convention 
at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1866; judge of the 8th 
circuit of South Carolina, 1870-73, and a delegate 
to the Republican national convention in 1872. 
He was appointed U.S. minister to Russia by 
President Grant, as successor to Andrew G. Cur- 
tin, who resigned in August, 1872, and he served 
from March, 18738, until his death in St. Peters- 
burg, Russia, May 5, 1873. 

ORR, John, educator, was born in Chester 
district, S’C., Aug. 12, 1820; eldest of 
William and Isabella (Ervin) Orr ; and grandson 
of John and Rosanna (Cameron) Orr, John Orr 
being a graduate of Dublin university, Ireland. 
He was graduated at Miami university, Oxford, 
Ohio, A.B., 1845; A.M., 1848, and was professor 
of ancient languages in the Macon Masonie col- 
lege at Macon, Tenn., which was founded in 
Fayette county in 1849, transferred to Clarks- 
ville, Montgomery county, Tenn. soon after, 
became known as Stewart college in 1855 and 
as the Southwestern Presbyterian university in 
1875. He was president of the college, 1851-53. 
Prior to the civil war he removed to Greene 
county, Ohio, where he was elected principal of 
the schools at Cedarville, and he was clerk of 
courts of Greene county, 1864-82. He died at 
Xenia. Ohio, Dec. 30, 1883. 

ORR, John William, wood engraver, was born 
in Ireland, March 31,1815. He was brought to 
New York in 1816 by his parents, who settled 
in Buffalo, where he attended school. In 1836 
he removed to New York city and studied wood 
engraving in the studio of William Redfield, re- 
ceiving a silver medal from the Mechanics in- 
stitute for the best wood engraving in 1837. He 
engaged as an engraver in Buffalo, N. Y., 1837-42 ; 
in Albany, N.Y., 1842-44, where he made engrav- 
ings to illustrate the state reports on geology, and 
in New York city, 1884-87. He established an 
engraving business, which held front rank for 
over a quarter of a century, and brought the art 
of wood engraving to public notice by extensive 
advertising, new inventions and able assistants, 
who represented the most skilled English, French 
and German engravers. His first work of im- 
portance was the frontispieces for Harper’s J/lus- 
trated Shakespeare. He received a gold medal 
in 1842 from the New York State Agricultural 
society for the best wood cuts representing do- 
mestic animals. He edited The American Odd 
Fellow, 1862-71. He died in Jersey City, N.J., 
March 4, 1887. 

ORT, Samuel Alfred, educator, was born at 
Lewistown, Mifflin county, Pa., Noy. 11, 1843 ; son 
of Samuel and Christina Ort; grandson of Jolin 
Ort, and a descendant of German and Huguenot 
families. His grandparents immigrated to 
America from Germany and settled near Lewis- 


son 


ORTH 


town, Pa., in 1780. Samuel Alfred Ort was pre- 
pared for college in Kishacoquillas seminary, 
near Lewistown, 1853-56, and was graduated 
at Wittenberg college, Springfield, Ohio, A.B., 
1863: A.M., 1869. He studied at the Theological 
school of Wittenberg college ; was a tutor in the 
preparatory department, 1863-65 ; pastor of the 
Lutheran church at Findlay, Ohio, 1865-68, and 
teacher of Latin and literature in Hagerstown 
Female seminary, 1868-69. He returned to Wit- 
tenberg college as a tutor in 1869, and was pro- 
fessor of mathematics, belles lettres, English 
literature and logic, 1870-74. He had charge of 
the Lutheran mission at Louisville, Ky., 1874-79, 
where he erected a church, which was completed 
in 1875, and was pastor of St. James church, New 
York city, 1879-80. In 1880 he was elected pro- 
fessor of theology in Wittenberg college ; became 
president of the college and Frederick Gilbert 
professor of Christian theology and mental phil- 
osophy in 1882, and professor of systematic the- 
ology in the seminary in 1884. He retired from 
the presidency in 1900, being succeeded by the 
Rev. J. M. Ruthrauff; was elected dean but re- 
tained his professorships, and on the death of 
President Ruthrauff in 1902 became acting presi- 
dent of the college. Under his supervision a new 
college building was begun and built at a cost of 
$67,000, which stands as a monument to his per- 
severance and labor; also a young woman’s hall, 
a gymnasium and Hamma divinity hall. He 
was a delegate to the General synod of the Lu- 
theran church from 1873, secretary of the synod, 
1873-79, and president of that body at Omaha, 
Neb., in 1887. He received the degree D.D. from 
Wittenberg college in 1877, and LL.D. in 1893. He 
was married in 1875 to Anna, daughter of W. W. 
and Mary A. Senteny of Louisville, Ky. He was 
prominent as a lecturer, contributed to reviews 
and edited the Lutheran Evangelist at Spring- 
field, Ohio, 1881-85. He published several lec- 
tures and pamphlets, and is the author of: The 
Pre-eminence of the Spiritual (1884), and Christ, 
the Completeness of Man (1886). 

ORTH, Godlove Steiner, representative, was 
born in Lebanon, Pa., April 22, 1817; son of God- 
love and Sarah (Steiner) Orth; grandson of Bal- 
zer, Jr., and Rosina (Kucher) Orth, and great- 
grandson of Balzer Orth, a Moravian, who emi- 
grated from Germany to Lancaster county, Pa., 
with Count Zinzendorf, and was settled in Leba- 
non in 1730. Balzer Orth, Jr., served in the 
Revolutionary war, and had charge of the Hes- 
sian prisoners after the battle of Trenton. God- 
love Steiner Orth was graduated at Pennsylvania 
college; studied law in the office of James 
Cooper, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. He 
settled in practice in Lafayette. Ind.; was a mem- 
ber of the Indiana senate, 1843-48, and became 


ORTON 


president of that body. He was a candidate for 
elector on the Taylor and Fillmore ticket in 1848, 
and was appointed one of the five commissioners 
from Indiana to the Peace conference of 1861. 
He entered the U.S. army in 1862, as captain of 
the 76th Indiana volunteers, which he had re- 
cruited, and was placed in command of the U.S. 
ram Horner on the Ohio river. He was a Repub- 
lican representative from the ninth district of 
Indiana in the 838th, 39th, 40th and 41st con- 
gresses, 1863-71, and served on important com- 
mittees, including that on foreign relations. He 
was a representative from the state-at-large in 
the 45d congress, 1873-75; was instrumental in 
securing the right of expatriation ; active in be- 
half of the annexation of Santo Domingo, and in 
reorganizing the diplomatic and consular system. 
He was recommended by the entire senate and 
house as U.S. minister to Berlin, in 1871, but 
President Grant decided to make no change. He 
declined a commissionership of internal revenue 
and accepted the appointment as U.S. minister to 
Austria in 1875, having previously declined the 
mission to Brazil. He resigned his mission in 
1876, upon his nomination as Republican candi- 
date for governor of Indiana, Feb. 22, 1876, and 
made the canvass for that office, but on Aug. 2, 
1876, withdrew his name in favor of Benjamin 
Harrison, who was nominated and defeated. He 
received the votes of fifty-nine Republican legis. 
lators for U.S. senator, Jan. 24, 1879, when Danie] 
W. Voorhees was elected. He was a Republican 
representative from the ninth district in the 46th 
and 47th congresses, 1879-82, and was defeated 
for the 48th congress in 1882. He was married 
first, in 1840, to Sarah Elizabeth Miller of Gettys- 
burg, Pa., and secondly, Aug. 28, 1850, to Mary 
A, Ayers of La Fayette, Ind. He died in La Fay- 
ette, Ind., Dec. 16, 1882. 

ORTON, Edward Francis Baxter, educator, 
was born in Deposit, N.Y., March 9, 1829; son of 
the Rev. Dr. Samuel George and Clara (Gregory) 
Orton ; grandson of Miles Orton, a soldier in the 
war of 1812, and a descendant, through Samuel 
Orton, one of the fifty-one colonists who settled 
in Litchfield county, Conn., of Thomas and Mar- 
garet (Pratt) Orton. Thomas Orton came to 
Massachusetts Bay colony before 1641; settled in 
Windsor, Conn., and removed to Farmington, 
Conn., in 1655. Dr. Samuel G. Orton was gradu- 
ated at Hamilton college, 1822, and was a Pres- 
byterian minister in western New York for fifty 
years. Edward Orton was fitted for college 
by his father, and was graduated at Hamilton 
college, A.B., 1848, A.M., 1851. Hewas assistant 
in the academy at Erie, N.Y., 1848-49; private 
tutor, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1849-50; a student at 
Lane Theological seminary, 1849-50; assistant at 
Delaware Literary institute, Franklin, N.Y., 


ORTON 


1851-54; student at Lawrence Scientific school, 
Harvard, 1852, and at Andover Theological sem- 
inary, 1854-55. He was ordained to the Presby- 
terian ministry, Jan. 2, 1856; was professor of 
natural science, State Normal school, Albany, 
N.Y., 1856-59 ; princi- 
pal of the academy at 
Chester, N.Y., 1859- 
65; principal of. the 
preparatory depart- 
ment and professor of 
natural history, An- 
tioch college, Ohio, 
1865-69 ; assistant 
state geologist, Ohio, 
1869-75 ; president of 
Antioch college, 1872- 
73, and of the Ohio 
State Agricultural 
college (Ohio State 
university) 1873-81; 
professor of geology 
in Ohio State university, 
geologist of Ohio, 1882-99. 





1873-99, 
Orton Hall, one of 
the chief buildings of the university, was named 


and state 


for him. He was a member of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science, 
and its president, 1899, and corresponding and 
honorary member of various scientific associa- 
tions in the United States and Europe. He 
helped to organize and was president of the Ohio 
State Sanitary association, 1884-85, and of the 
Geological Society of America, 1896. The degree 
of Ph.D. was conferred on him by Hamilton in 
1876, and that of LL.D. by Ohio State university 
in 1881. He served on the U.S. geological survey, 
and his report appears in the ‘‘ Eighth Annual 
Report”; on the Kentucky State survey, and 
his report on the petroleum and gas fields of 
western Kentucky was published in a separate ~ 
volume. He was married first, in 1855, to Mary 
M. Jennings of Franklin, N.Y., who died in 1873, 
leaving two sons and two daughters; and sec- 
ondly, in 1875, to Anna Davenport Torrey of 
Millbury, Mass., and of the two children by this 
marriage the son was given the ancestral name 
of Samuel. He is the author of many scientific 
reports and addresses, and of : Economie Geology 
of Ohio(1883-88) ; Petroleum and Inflammable Gas 
(1887). He died in Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 16, 1899. 

ORTON, James, naturalist, was born in Seneca 
Falls, N.Y., April 21, 1830; son of the Rev. Azar- 
iah Giles and Minerva (Squire) Orton ; grandson 
of Azariah and Abigail (Jackson) Orton, anda de- 
scendant of Thomas and Margaret (Pratt) Orton. 
Azariah G. Orton, Williams, 1813; Princeton The- 
ological seminary, 1820; D.D., University of New 
York, 1847; Union college, 1850, was a Presby- 
terian minister, 1822-60, and died in Lisle, Na¥a4 


[80] 


aa - 


' crossing to the other side. 


ORTON 


Dec. 28, 1864. James Orton was graduated at 
Williams in 1855, and at Andover Theological 
seminary in 1858. He was married in 1859 to 
Ellen E. Foote of Williamstown, Mass. He 
traveled in Europe, 1859-60 ; was ordained pastor 
of the Presbyterian church, Greene, N.Y., July 
11, 1860; was pastor at Thomaston, Maine, 1861- 
63, and at Brighton, N. Y., 1863-69. He developed 
a strong interest in natural history, and while in 
college successfully conducted a students’ expedi- 
tion to Labrador. He was instructor in natural 
history at the University of Rochester, N,Y., 
1866-69; conducted a scientific expedition to 
South America under the auspices of Williams 
college in 1867; and was professor of natural hist- 
ory in Vassar college, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 1869- 
77. He made a second expedition to South Amer- 
ica in 1873, crossing the continent from Para to 
Lima by Lake Titicaca, and in 1876, owing to 
pulmonary trouble, returned to the high plateau 
regions of Peru and Bolivia, and in the spring of 
1877 undertook the exploration of the Beni river, 
a large tributary of the Amazon. He had in 
view a preliminary survey for a railroad to con- 
nect the navigable waters of the Amazons with 
the railroad that had been already built from the 
Pacific coast to La Paz, Bolivia. He was forced, 
however, to turn back, reaching the eastern shore 
of Lake Titicaca on Sept. 24, 1877, and died while 
He brought to the 
United States the first fossils ever reported from 
the stratified rocks of the Amazon valley, and 
became one of the highest authorities on the 
central region of South America. He was a 
member of numerous scientific societies in the 
United States and Europe, and his discoveries 
were second only to those of Alexander Von 
Humbolt. He contributed articles on the natural 
history of South America to scientific journals 
and to the transactions of societies, and is the 
author of: Miners’ Guide and Metullurgists’ 
Directory (1849); The Proverbalist and the Poet 
(1852); The Andes and the Amazon (1870); Un- 
derground Treasures and How to Find Them 
(1872); The Liberal Education of Women (1873), 
and Comparative Zodlogy (1875). He died on 
Lake Titicaca, Peru, Sept. 25, 1877, and was 
buried on an island in the lake. 

ORTON, William, publisher and financier, was 
born in Cuba, N.Y., June 14, 1826 ; son of Horatio 
and Sarah (Carson) Orton; grandson of John 
and Ruth (Norton) Orton; great-grandson of 
Samuel and Ruth (Mason) Orton, and a descen- 
dant of Thomas and Margaret (Pratt) Orton. 
William Orton was graduated at the State Normal 
school, Albany, N.Y., in 1847, and engaged in 
teaching school until 1850, when he was married 
to Agnes J. Gillespie of Buffalo, N.Y., and 
entered the employ of George Derby & Co., 


[81] 


OSBON 


publishers, taking charge of the business in 
Geneva, N.Y. On the death of George Derby in 
1852, the firm became Derby, Orton & Co. In 
1856 the business, as Miller, Orton & Co., was 
transferred to New York city and in 1857 went 
into liquidation. Mr. Orton subsequently became 
managing clerk for J. G. Gregory & Co., publish- 
ers ; was appointed collector of internal revenue 
for the sixth district of New York by President 
Lincoln in 1862, and U.S. commissioner of internal 
revenue, with headquarters at Washington, D.C., 
in 1865. He resigned this office after a few 
months, to accept the presidency of the United 
States Telegraph company, and after the consoli- 
dation of that corporation with the Western 
Union Telegraph company in 1866, was vice- 
president, 1866-67, and president from 1867 up to 
the time of his death. He established the Jour- 
nal of Telegraphy in 1867, and secured for the 
Western Union Telegraph company a monopoly 
of telegraph lines in the United States, making 
the earnings of the company very large. He died 
in New York city, April 22, 1878. 

OSBON, Bradley Sillick, naval officer, was 
born in Rye, N.Y., Aug. 16, 1828; eldest son of 
the Rev. Abiathar Mann and Elizabeth Esmond 
(Sillick) Osbon; grandson of William and Han- 
nah (Mann) Osbon and of the Rey. Bradley and 
Mary (Pattison) Sillick, and a descendant of 
the Osbournes, who came from Normandy to 
England in the time of William the Conqueror. 
Four Osborne brothers came to America’ shortly 
after the arrival of the Mayflower, and settled in 
Massachusetts. His father (1808-1882) was a 
Methodist clergyman. The son went to sea on a 
merchant vessel in 1838; visited a majority of 
the ports and islands of the globe and nearly all 
the islands in the Pacific ocean ; spent one sum- 
mer in the Antarctic and two winters in the 
Arctic ocean ; served in the Chinese navy as cox- 
swain, and in the Argentine navy as commander 
under Commodore Coe. He also served through- 
out the Argentine war, returning at its close to 
the merchant service. Upon the outbreak of the 
civil war, he joined the Harriet Lane under 
Capt. John Faunce; served as aide and signal 
officer; was at the fall of Fort Sumter, S.C. ; 
was temporarily attached to the flag-ship Wabash, 
North Atlantic squadron, under Dupont, and 
took part in the battle of Port Royal, S.C. He 
was appointed clerk and fleet signal officer to 
Farragut ; served on the flag-ship Hartford dur- 
ing the capture of the forts below New Orleans, 
and was personally commended for gallantry. 
He was sent north on the gunboat Cayuga as 
bearer of dispatches, arriving at Hampton Roads 
during the fight between the Monitor and the 
Merrimac, and acted as signal officer to President 
Lincoln, and as aide and signal officer to Com- 


OSBORN 


mander John L. Worden on the monitor Montauk 
in the engagements before Fort McAllister and 
in the destruction of the privateer Nashville. 
He was made admiral in the Mexican navy at 
the close of the civil war, and received a letter 
of marque giving him one half the prize money 
accruing from his captures and conferring upon 
him the power to issue *‘ letters of marque” and 
to commission ships under the Mexican flag. 
He sailed from Philadelphia for Brazos de 
Santiago in the steamer General Sheridan witha 
full complement of officers and men. The 
steamer, fitted out in New York, and carrying 
his guns and torpedo outfit, was lost off Hatteras, 
thereby obliging him to confine his operations to 
the Rio Grande, Texas. He married in Liverpool, 
England, Feb. 14, 1868, Eliza Balfour, one of 
the Balfours of Burleigh. In the war with Spain, 
while acting asa volunteer naval scout, lie was the 
first to discover Cervera’s fleet off the island of 
Curacoa, May 14, 1898, and after reporting to the 
department of state received a letter of thanks 
from that of the navy for his services. He was 
the first commander of the Farragut Naval 
Veteran Association of Philadelphia; a charter 
member of the Farragut Naval Association of 
New York ; captain, commodore and twice rear- 
admiral of the National Association of Naval 
Veterans, U.S.A.; twice commander of Naval 
Post 516, G.A.R.; chairman of the Associated 
Commanders and Quartermasters of the City cf 
New York; colonel of the Osbon cadets, composed 
of Sunday-School boys, and founder and flag- 
officer commanding the U.S. Veteran Navy with 
the rank of commodore. In 1902 he had been for 
several years interested in mining asphalt and sul- 
phur in the eastern part of Venezuela. He was de- 
corated with the Venezuelan order of ** del Busto 
del Liberator” in 1889 in recognition of services 
rendered in coast surveying in that republic. 
The United States hydrographic office published 
his survey of the harbor of Cartpano, Venez- 
uela. 

OSBORN, Henry Fairfield, educator, was born 
in Fairfield, Conn., Aug. 8, 1857; son of William 
H. and Virginia R. (Sturges) Osborn; grand- 
son of Jonathan Sturges of Fairfield, Conn., and 
New York, and a descendant of Nathan Gold. 
He was graduated at the College of New Jersey, 
A.B., 1877, Se. D., 1881; was assistant professor 
of natural science in the College of New Jersey, 
1882-83 ; professor of comparative anatomy there, 
1883-91, when he resigned and became Da Costa 
professor of biology in the newly established 
department at Columbia college, New York city. 
He was also dean of the faculty of pure science 
at Columbia, 1892-95 ; curator of vertebrate pale- 
ontology in the American Museum of Natural 
History in New York, 1891-1902; was active in 

[82] 


OSBORN 


the organization of the New York Zodlogical 
society, serving from its foundation as chairman 
of its executive committee, and helping to plan 
the zodlogical park in the Bronx. He was ap- 
pointed vertebrate paleontologist to the geological 
survey of Canada, and paleontologist to the U.S. 
survey in 1900. He was vice-president of the 
Academy of Science, 1894-98, president, 1898-1900, 
and elected a member of the National Academy 
of Sciences in 1900. He was married, Sept. 29, 
1881, to Lucretia, daughter of Gen. Alexander J. 
Perry, U.S.A. Heis the author of: From the . 
Greeks to Darwin (1894), and contributed exten- 
sively to educational and scientific periodicals. 

OSBORN, Henry Stafford, educator and 
author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 17, 
1823; son of Truman and Eliza (Paget) Osborn. 
He was graduated from the University of 
Pennsylvania, A.B., 1841, A.M., 1844, and from 
Union Theological seminary, New York city, 
1845. He was stated supply of the Presbyterian 
church, Coventry, R.I., 1845-46; traveled and. 
studied abroad, and while in London, England, 
attended the Father Mathew Temperance con- 
vention asa delegate. He studied at the University 
of Bonn, Germany, and at the Polytechnic insti- 
tution of London, and was ordained by the 
presbytery of Hanover, Va., April 9, 1846. He. 
was pastor at Hanover Court House, Va.. 1846-49 ; 
at Richmond, Va., 1849-53; at Liberty, Va.,. 
1855-58; stated supply at Salem, Va., while 
serving as professor of natural science at. 
Roanoke college, 1858-59, and was pastor at Belvi- 
dere, N.J., 1859-66. He was professor of mining 
and metallurgy at Lafayette college, Easton, Pa., 
1866-70 ; professor of chemistry at Miami univer-- 
sity, Oxford, Ohio, 1870-73, and pastor at Ox- 
ford, 1870-71. He was stated supply at Millville, 
Ohio, 1871-74, but resigned on account of failing 
health and subsequently devoted himself to. 
literature. He was married to Susan Paulina, 
daughter of G. Hampton Coursen of New York. 
The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred om 
him by Lafayette college in 1865. He was a 
member of the Pennsylvania and Virginia histori- 
cal societies and of tbe Victoria Philosophical 
society of London. He is the author of: Pales- 
tine, Past and Present (1855); Fruits and Flowers: 
of the Holy Land (1856); Pilgrims in the Holy 
Land (1857); Seientifie Metallurgy of Iron and 
Steel in the United States (1870); The New 
Descriptive Geography of Palestine (1877); Manual’ 
of Bible Geography and Ancient Egypt in the 
Light of Recent Discoveries (1885); Chart of 
Books of the Bible (1886); The Useful Minerals 
and Mining Architecture (1887); Biblical History 
and Geography (1888), and with the Rev. Lyman 
Coleman published a large map of Palestine. He 
died in New York city, Feb. 2, 1894. 





OSBORN 


OSBORN, Herbert, entomologist, was born in 
Lafayette, Wis., March 19, 1856; son of Charles 
Paine and Harriet Newell (Marsh) Osborn ; grand- 
son of Alpheus and Harriet (Paine) Osborn, and 
of Enos, Jr., and Rebeckah (Hawley) Marsh, and 
a descendant of John Marsh, who was born in 
England, 1618, landed in Boston, 1635, settled in 
Hartford, Conn., 1636, and married Anne, daugh- 
ter of John Webster, about 1642. He attended 
the public schools of Fairfax, Iowa, 1864-72 ; lowa 
college, 1872-73, and was graduated from the 
Iowa State college, B.Sc., 1879, M.Sc., 1880... He 
was assistant professor of zodlogy and entomology 
in Iowa State college, 1880-85, and professor, 
1835-98. He was married, Jan. 19, 1883, to Alice 
Isadore Sayles of Manchester, lowa. He became 
the entomologist of the experiment station in 
1890; state entomologist of Iowa in July, 1898, 
and was elected professor of zodlogy and entomo- 
logy and director of Lake Laboratory, Ohio State 
university in 1898. He was special agent of the 
division of entomology of the U.S. department of 
agriculture, 1885-94 ; was elected president of the 
Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1887; president of 
the Association of Economic Entomologists, 1898, 
and a fellow of the American Association for the 
Advancement of Science, 1884, the Biological 
society of Washington, 1885, the Entomological 
society of Washington, 1885, the Society for the 
Promotion of Agricultural Science in 18938, the 
American Entomological society of Philadelphia, 
1897, and of the Société Entomologique de France 
in 1888. He edited the Proceedings of the Iowa 
Academy of Sciences, 1890-98, and is the author 
of : Pediculi and Mallophagau of Man and Lower 
Animals (1891) ; Insects Affecting Domestic Ani- 
mals (1896) ; Contributions to Hemipterous Fauna 
of Iowa, with E. D, Ball (1897) ; Studies of North 
American Jassoidea, with E. D. Ball (1898) ; The 
Hessian Fly in the United States (1898); The 
Genus Scaphoideus (1900), and articles in scientific 
journals and transactions of scientific societies. 

OSBORN, Thomas Andrew, governor of Kan- 
sas, was born in Meadville, Pa., Oct. 26, 18386. 
He attended the public school and Allegheny 
college, and learned the printer’s trade. He 
studied law under Judge Derrickson of Meadville 

= in 1856, removed to Pontiac, 
; AON Mich., in 1857, where he was 
NON 











admitted to the bar, and in 
November of that year re- 
moved to Lawrence, Kansas 
Territory, being employed as 
a compositor on the Herald 
of Freedom. In 1858 he en- 
gaged in the practice of law in Elwood, Kansas ; 
was elected attorney of Doniphan county, and 
was a member of the state senate, 1859-62, serving 
as president pro tempore of that body in 1862. 


) 
4.2 9 
ak, 


[83] 


OSBORN 


He was lieutenant-governor of Kansas in 1863; 
U.S. marshal by appointment from President 
Lincoln, 1864-67, and Republican governor of 
Kansas, 1872-76. He was U.S. minister to Chile, 
by appointment from President Hayes, 1877-81, 
and conducted important negotiations between 
various South American governments, and in 
1881 was transferred to the Brazilian mission, 
where he served until 1886. He located in Topeka, 
Kan., on his return, and in 1888 was state sena- 
tor from Shawnee county. He was decorated 
with the Grand Cross of the Order of the Rose by 
the Emperor of Brazil for special services. He 
died at Meadville, Pa., Feb. 4, 1898. 

OSBORN, Thomas Ogden, soldier, was born in 
Jersey, Licking county, Ohio, Aug. 11, 1832; son 
of Samuel and Hannah (Meeker) Osborn. He 
attended Delaware college; was graduated from 
the University of Ohio, A.B. 1854, A.M. 1857; 
studied law with Gen. Lew Wallace at Craw- 
fordsville, Ind., and began practice in Chicago, 
Ill., in 1859. He organized the 89th Illinois regi- 
ment, of which he became lieutenant-colonel and 
colonel. He was detailed to guard the Baltimore 
and Ohio railroad and engaged Jackson's forces 
during the raid into Morgan county, Va., in 1861, 
and succeeded in delaying him for several hours, 
afterward making a successful retreat across the 
Potomac. He engaged in the battle of Winches- 
ter, Va., March 23, 1862, and commanded a bri- 
gade made up of the 39th Illinois, 13th Indiana and 
62nd and 67th Ohio regiments in the operations 
against the forts in Charleston harbor in 1863. 
In 1864 he accompanied General Butler up the 
James river, his regiment occupying the right of 
the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th army corps. 
He was wounded at Drewry’s Bluff, May 12, 1864, 
and commanded the 1st brigade, 1st division, 24th 
army corps at the siege of Petersburg, Va., 1864— 
65. On April 2, 1£65, his brigade was one of three 
to capture Fort Gregg. He was promoted briga- 
dier-general and brevetted major-general of vol- 
unteers for gallant services throughout the war. 
He returned to his law practice in Chicago, where 
he was treasurer of Cook county and a manager 
of the National Soldiers’ Home. He was ap- 
pointed a member of the international committee 
to settle disputed claims between the United 
States and Mexico, and was U.S. consul-general 
and minister-resident to the Argentine Republic, 
1874-85, subsequently engaging in railway enter- 
prises in Brazil, but continuing his residence in 
Chicago. He was elected a member of the Mili- 
tary Order of the Loyal Legion and of various 
other military associations. 

OSBORN, Thomas Ward, senator, was born 
in Seotch Plains, N.J., March 9, 1836. He was 
graduated from Madison university in 1860, 
studied law in Watertown, N.Y., and was ad- 


OSBORNE 


mitted to the bar in 1861. At the outbreak of the 
civil war he organized a company of artillery in 
Watertown, N.Y., was commissioned its captain 
and was assigned to the 11th army corps. He 
served through the war as chief of artillery in 
various army corps, and of the Army of the Ten- 
nessee and was three times wounded. He was 
commissioned colonel in 1865, and was appointed 
assistant commissioner of the Florida bureau of 
refugees, 1865-66. He practised law in Tallahas- 
see, Fla. ; was appointed register in bankruptcy 
in 1867 ; was a member of the state constitutional 
convention of 1867, and drew upthe constitution 
which was adopted. He was a Republican state 
senator and was elected June 30, 1868, by the 
Florida legislature, U.S. senator with A. S. 
Welch, drawing the long term expiring March 3, 
1873. He died in New York city, Dec. 18, 1898. 
OSBORNE, Edwin Sylvanus, representative, 
was born in Bethany, Wayne county, Pa., Aug. 
7, 1839; son of Sylvanus and Lucy (Messinger) Os- 
borne; grandson of Cooper and Hannah (Oakley) 
Osborne. His great-grandfather, Thomas Os- 
borne, was a soldier in the Continental army 
during the Revolutionary war and was mortally 
wounded in the battle of Monmouth, and his 
first ancestor in America, John Osborne, 
emigrated from England and settled in East 
Windsor, Conn., in 1645. Edwin 8. Osborne was 
graduated from the University of Northern Penn- 
sylvania, Bethany, Pa., in 1858 and from the 
National Law school of Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in 
1860. He was admitted to the bar at Wilkes- 
Barre, Pa., Feb. 26, 1861, and in April joined the 
8th regiment infantry, Pennsylvania volunteers. 
He served with General Patterson’s division and 
was honorably mustered out, July 29, 1861. In 
August, 1862, he recruited a company and joined 
the 149th Pennsylvania volunteers, being com- 
missioned captain, Aug. 30, 1862. In September 
he has appointed judge advocate and served as 
such for the command of General Wadsworth, 
Ist corps, Army of the Potomac, until February, 
1863, when, at his own request, he rejoined his 
regiment and participated in the battle of Get- 
tysburg. In the first day’s battle this regiment 
forming part of Stone’s ‘* Bucktail” brigade, 3d 
division, Ist corps, successfully held an advanced 
position for four hours against the repeated as- 
saults of greatly superior numbers, meanwhile 
executing the movement of ‘‘ changing front to 
rear” under heavy fire, and sustaining in the 
battle a loss of seventy-five per cent of its effec- 
tive strength. Captain Osborne was appointed 
brigade inspector, Aug. 27, 1863, and assigned 
to duty in General Wadsworth’s division. He dis- 
tinguished himself in leading a charge in the 
Wilderness, May 6, 1864, and again in the assault 


on Petersburg, June 18, 1864. He was commis- 


OSBORNE 


sioned major of the 149th Pennsylvania, March 2, 
1865, was several times mentioned in orders for 
gallantry and skillful handling of troops in battle 
and was three times brevetted for meritorious 
conduct. In April, 1865, Major Osborne was re- 
lieved from duty in the inspection department 
and appointed judge advocate at Washington. 
In June, 1865, he was sent to Andersonville 
and other Confederate prisons to investigate the 
charges of cruelty to prisoners on the part of 
those late in command. In July, 1865, he pre- 
ferred charges of murder against Capt. Henry 
Wirz of Andersonville prison and drew the spec- 
ifications of the indictment under which that 
officer was found guilty and executed. He was 
honorably mustered out, July 21, 1865. and re- 
turned to the practice of law. He was major- 
general of the 3d division, National Guard of 
Pennsylvania, 1870-78; was prominent in re- 
organizing the militia system of the state; com- 
manded the forces that quelled the riots in 
Scranton, Pa., in 1871, and Susquehanna Depot, 
Pa., in 1874, and prevented a similar outbreak at 
Hazleton, Pa. He was commander of the De- 
partment of Pennsylvania, G.A.R., in 1883, and 
was a delegate to the Republican national con- 
vention at Chicago in 1888. He was representa- 
tive-at-large from Pennsylvania in the 49th and 
50th congresses, and from the 12th congressional 
district’ in the 5ist congress, serving, 1885-91. 
During his service in congress he defended the 
policy of protection and. advocated the subsidizing 
of American ships. He was married to Ruth 
Ball of Pittston, Pa., Oct. 12, 1865, and their 
son, John Ball Osborne, born June 24, 1868, Yale, 
A.B., 1889, was U.S. consul at Ghent, Belgium, 
1889-94, and joint secretary of the reciprocity 
commission of the United States, Oct. 18, 1897. 
Their second son, Wiliam Headley Osborne, born 
in 1870, graduated from the U.S. Military 
academy in 1891, served in the campaign against 
Santiago in the war with Spain as lieutenant in 
the 1st U.S. cavalry, and died of typhoid fever in 
the military camp at Montauk Point, N.Y., Aug. 
23, 1898. General Osborne died in Washington, 
DIC Jane teelouOE 

OSBORNE, John Eugene, governor of Wyom- 
ing, was born in Westport, Essex county, N.Y., 
June 9, 1860; son of John C. and Mary E. Os- 
borne. His grandparents were English. He 
worked on a farm summers, attended the district 
and high school winters, was apprenticed to a 
druggist in Burlington, Vt., in 1876, and was 
graduated from the medical department of the 
University of Vermont in 1880, after having at- 
tended the winter course of lectures, 1877-80. In 
1881 he removed to Rawlins, Wyo., where he es- 
tablished a wholesale and retail drug store. He 
was appointed assistant surgeon of the Union 


[84] 


Connecticut, 1639. 


OSBORNE 


Pacific railway company. He engaged exten- 
sively in live-stock raising in 1884, and became 
the largest individual sheep owner in Carbon 
county. He was a Democratic representative in 
the territorial legislature in 1888; chairman of 
the territorial peni- 
tentiary building com- 
mission, and mayor of 
Rawlins, 1888 ; an al- 
ternate to the Demo- 
cratic national con- 
vention in 1892; was 
governor of Wyo- 
ming, 1892-94, having 

been elected, Novy. 8, 
» 1892, to fill the va- 

cancy caused by the 

resignation of Goy. 

F. E. Warren, and de- 

clined re-nomination 

in 1894. He was a 
c member of the bi- 
metallic Democratic national committee for the 
state of Wyoming in 1895; was chairman of the 
state delegation at the Democratic national con- 
vention, Chicago, 1896, and was the Democratic 
representative-at-large from Wyoming in the 55th 
congress, 1897-99. He was vice-chairman of the 
Democratic national congressional committee in 
1898 and the unsuccessful Democratic and Free 
Silver candidate for U.S. senator before the Wy- 
oming legislature of 1899. 

OSBORNE, Pheebe Ann Sayre, educator, was 
born in Madison, N.J., March 14, 1812 ; daughter 
of Baxter and Elizabeth (Kitchell) Sayre ; grand- 
daughter of Deacon Ephraim Sayre (born 1746) 
and of Aaron Kitchell (q.v.), and a descendant of 
Thomas Sayre, born in Bedfordshire, England, 
1597, a Puritan refugee to America about 1635, 
and of Robert Kitchell, born in England in 1604, 
and prominent in the Guilford settlement in 
Phoebe Osborne was well 
educated and in 1828, with her sister, Elizabeth 
Kitchell, born in 1814, removed to New York 
city, where they devoted their time and liberal 
means to charitable work. The sisters founded 
and became teachers in the charity mission 
known as the *‘ Ragged school,” established at 
Five Points in 1830, and conducted with marked 
success. In 1836 they were prominent in induc- 
ing the city council to open public schools, Num- 
ber 1 for boys and Number 2 for girls, the first 
public schools in the city, and they were engaged 
as the first teachers, Phoebe teaching the boys and 
her sister Elizabeth the girls. Phoebe continued 
to teach until 1835, when she was married to 
Milo Osborne of Lenox, Mass. and devoted herself 
to domestic life. In 1873 she removed to Chicago, 
Ill., where she died, Jan. 20, 1897. 





[85] 


OSBORNE 


OSBORNE, (Samuel) Duffield, author, was 
born in Brooklyn, N.Y., June 20, 1858; son of 
Samuel Smith and Rosalie Willoughby (Duftield) 
Osborne; grandson of Samuel and Abbie M. 
(Theall) Osborne, and of James Murdoch and 
Margaretha A. (Prince) Duffield, and a descen- 
dant of George Duffield, who emigrated from 
Ireland to Pequea, Penn., in 1720, and of Carel de 
Beauvais, who emigrated from France and set- 
tled in New York in 1659. He attended the 
Brooklyn Polytechnic institute and was gradu- 
ated from Columbia college, A.B., 1879, A.M., 
1882, and from the Columbia Law school, LL.B.. 
1881. He was admitted to the bar in 1881 and 
practised in New York city, 1881-92. He was as- 
sistant secretary of the Brooklyn department of 
city works, 1892-94; traveled in Europe, 1895-96, 
and on his return settled in New York city and 
engaged in literary work. He was elected a 
member of the Linnzean society in 1878; corres- 
ponding member of the Nuttall Ornithological 


club in 1879, and an associate member of 
the American Ornithological union in 1883. 
He edited: Livy's Roman History in the 


World's Great Books series (1898); Macaulay's 
Lays of Ancient Rome (1901), and became as- 
sociate editor of the Home Library of Litera- 
ture and Achievement, in 1901. He is the author 
of: The Spell of Ashtaroth (1888); The Robe of 
Nessus (1890); The Secret of the Crater (1900); 
The Lion’s Brood (1901), and of many short 
stories, essays and poems, . 

OSBORNE, William McKinley, consul-gen- 
eral, was born in Girard, Ohio, April 26, 1842; 
son of Abner and (Allison) Osborne. 
He attended the academy at Poland, Ohio, and 
Allegheny college, Meadville, Pa. He enlisted 
in the 23d Ohio volunteer regiment early in 1861 
and was discharged in 1862 owing to injuries re- 
ceives. He studied law at the University of 
Michigan, 1863-64; was admitted to the bar in 
June, 1864, and practiced at Youngstown, Ohio, 
1869-77, serving as mayor of the city, 1875-76; 
removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1877, and was 
married in April 24, 1878, to Frances Clara, 
adopted daughter of Walter Hastings of Boston, 
Mass. He practiced law in Cleveland, Ohio, 1877- 
80, and in 1880, after traveling and residing in 
Europe, he settled in Roxbury and opened a law 
office in Boston, Mass. He became a prominent 
Republican politician; was a common council 
man, 1884-85 ; a member of the board of police 
commissioners, 1885-93, and secretary of the 
Republican national committee of 1896. He was 
appointed, March 18, 1897, U.S. consul-general at 
London, by President McKinley, his maternal 
cousin, and held that office until his death, which 
occurred at Wimbledon, London, England, April 
29, 1902. 


OSGOOD 


OSGOOD, Frances Sargent, author, was born 
in Boston, Mass., June 18, 1811; daughter of 
Joseph Locke. She became acquainted with 
Mrs. Lydia Maria Childs, editor of the Juvenile 
Miscellany, and contributed articles and poems 
to that and other periodicals under the pen-name 
‘* Florence,” and also edited the Ladies’ Compan- 
jon for a short time. She was married in 1835 to 
Samuel Stillman Osgood (1808-1850), an artist ; 
accompanied him to England, and while there 
published two of her books and contributed to 
English magazines. They returned to Boston in 
1840, and shortly afterward settled in New York 
city, where she wrote under the pen-name 
‘‘ Fanny Forester.” She issued in London: The 
Casket of Fate (1838); A Wreath of Wild Flowers 
from New England (1839), and wrote at the re- 
quest of James Sheridan Knowles, a play The 
Happy Release, or the Triumph of Love. In New 
York she issued: Poetry of Flowers and Flowers 
of Poetry (1841); The Snowdrop, a book for chil- 
dren (1841); Poems (1846), and in Philadelphia, 
The Floral Offering (1847). An illustrated edition 
of Poems appeared in 1849; a 16mo edition in 
1861; a complete edition of her poems in 1850 ; 
Labor is Prayer. Rufus W. Griswold wrote a 
biographical sketch for a Memorial issued in 1890. 
She died in Hingham, Mass., May 12, 1850. 

OSGOOD, Howard, educator, was born at 


Magnolia plantation, Plaquemine, La., Jan. 4,. 


1831; son of Isaac and Jane Rebecca (Hall) Os- 
good; grandson of Timothy and Sarah (Farnham) 
Osgood, and a descendant of John Osgood, And- 
over, Mass., 1642. He was a student at Harvard 
college, 1846-49. He was married in 1893 to 
Caroline Townsend Lawrence, who died in 1898. 
He was ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1856 ; 
was pastor at Flushing, N.Y., 1856-58; traveled 
and studied in Europe, 1858-59; was pastor in 
New York city, 1860-65, and professor of Hebrew 
in Crozier Theological seminary, Chester, Pa., 
1868-73, and in Rochester Theological seminary, 
1875-1900. The degree of A.B. was conferred on 
him by Harvard in 1858, of D.D., by Brown in 
1868, and of LL.D. by the College of New Jersey, 
Princeton, in 1894. He served on the American 
committee on Bible revision, prepared the intro- 
duction for the Schaff-Lange Commentary, and is 
the author of numerous articles published in the 
Baptist Review, Biblotheca Sacra and Presbyter- 
ian and Reformed Review. 

OSGOOD, James Ripley, publisher, was born 
in Fryeburg, Maine, Feb. 22, 1836; son of Col. 
Edward Louis (1806-1864) and Abby R. (Dana) 
Osgood; grandson of Capt. James (1757-1815) 
and Abigail (Evans) Osgood, and a descendant 
through Samuel, James, Samuel and Capt. John 
from John Osgood, the immigrant. He was grad- 
uated from Bowdoin, A.B., 1854, A.M., 1857; was 


OSGOOD 


a clerk for Ticknor & Fields, publishers, at the 
Old Corner Book store, Boston, Mass., 1855-64 ; 
member of the firm, 1864-69; of the firm Fields, 
Osgood & Co., 1869-71 ; James R. Osgood & Co., 
1871-78; Houghton, Osgood & Co., 1878-80 ; 
James R. Osgood & Co., 1880-85; London agent 
for Harper & Brothers, 1885-90, and of the house 
of Osgood, McIIvaine & Co., London, 1890-92. He 
was elected a member of the Century association, 
New York city, in 1866. He never married. His 
sister, Katharine Putnam Osgood, born May 25, 
1842, was the author of : Driving Home the Cows 
and other poems. He died in London, England, 
May 18, 1892. 

OSGOOD, Samuel, delegate and postmaster- 
general, was born in Andover, Mass., Feb. 3, 
1748; third son of Capt. Peter and Sarah (John- 
son) Osgood; grandson of Timothy and Mary 
(Russell) Osgood; great-grandson of Timothy 
and Deborah (Poor) Osgood ; great?-grandson of 
John and Mary (Clements) Osgood; and great?- 
grandson of John and Sarah Osgood, who came 
from Wherwell, Hampshire, England, to Massa- 
chusetts, about 1637-388, sojourned at Ipswich, 
and settled at Newbury. John Osgood was 
admitted a freeman, May 23, 1637, and about 1645 
removed to Andover, Mass., where he died, Oct. 
24, 1651, leaving sons: John, born 16380, and 
Stephen, born 1638, Samuel Osgood was graduated 
from Harvard, A\.B., 1770) sASMee 7 io eed 
studied theology, but abandoned it to join his 
brother Peter in business. He wasa delegate to 
the Essex county convention in 1774; was a 
representative in the colonial legislature and 
served on many important committees in the 
provincial congress. He organized among his 
neighbors a company of minutemen and was 
made captain. On hearing of the conflict he 
marched to Lexington, and thence to Cambridge, 
where he joined the Continental army and was 
appointed aide-de-camp to Gen. Artemas Ward, 
serving, 1775-76. He was offered the command 
of a regiment in February, 1776, but resigned 
from the army to become a member of the 
Provisional congress of Massachusetts which body 
made him amember of the board of war. He 
was a delegate to the state constitutional conven- 
tion of 1779 and a member of the committee to 
frame the constitution. He was elected the first 
senator from Essex county in the Massachusetts 
legislature in 1780, and was a delegate to the 
Continental congress, 1780-84, where he served on 
the board of war, winning the confidence and 
esteem of General Washington. He was the first — 
commissioner of the U.S. treasury, 1785-89, and 
first postmaster-general of the United States, 
1789-91, the government being conducted in New 
York city at that time. He resigned the post- 
master-generalship on the removal of the national 


[86] 





“~ 


OSGOOD 


capital to Philadelphia, Pa.; was’ elected a 
member of the state assembly in 1800, serving for 
several years, and waselected speaker. He wasa 
supervisor of New York county, 1801-03, and U.S. 





1785-1788. 
GOVERNMENT HOUSE, NewYork. 

naval officer of the port, 1803-13. He was married 
first, Jan. 4, 1775,to Martha Brandon of Cambridge, 
Mass.. who died without issue, Sept. 18, 1778; and 
secondly, May 24, 1786, to Maria (Bowne) Frank- 
lin, widow of Walter Franklin of New York city, 
and daughter of Daniel Bowne of Flushing, Long 
Island, N.Y. Their daughter, Martha Brandon, 
married the Hon. Edmond C. Genet, French 
minister to the United States; Juliana married 
first her cousin, Samuel W. Osgood, and secondly 
the Rev. Dr. Israel W. Putman; Susan Kittredge 
married, May 17, 1821, Moses Field, and Walter 
Franklin Osgood (1791-1836) married Ellen and 
had one son, Samuel, who married Kate Bowling 
and died in Newbern, N.C., 1863. Samuel Osgood, 
the delegate, was a charter member of the 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is 
the author of: Letters on Episcopacy (1807), and 
other theological writings. He died in New 
York city, Aug. 12, 1813. 

OSGOOD, Samuel, clergyman and author, 
was born in Charlestown, Mass., Aug. 39, 1812; 
son of Thomas (1767-1818) and Hannah (Stevens) 
Osgood; grandson of Samuel (1714-1774) and 
Elizabeth (Abbott) Osgood; great-grandson of 
Ezekiel (1679-1741) and Rebecca (Wordwell) 
Osgood; great?-grandson of Christopher (1643- 
1723) and Hannah (Belknap) Osgood, of Amherst, 
and great®-grandson of Christopher (the immi- 
grant) and Margaret (Fowler) Osgood of Ipswich, 
Mass., who came from Marlborough, Wiltshire, 
England, in 1633-34. Samuel Osgood prepared 
for college under Willard Parker and was 
graduated from Harvard, A.B.. 1832, A.M., 1835, 
and from the Divinity school, Cambridge, in 1835. 
He traveled and preached, 1835-37, and while 
residing at Louisville, Ky., in 1836-37, assisted 
James Freeman Clarke in editing the Western 
Messenger. He was ordained pastor of the 
Unitarian church, Nashua, N.H., in 1837, and 
served there, 1837-41; was pastor of the West- 


OSSOLI 


minster church, Providence, R.I., 1841-49, and 
succeeded the Rev. Orville Dewey in the pastor- 
ate of the Church of the Messiah, New York city, 
1849-69. He resigned in 1869; was baptized, 
confirmed and ordered deacon, and advanced to 
the priesthood in the Protestant Episcopal church 
in 1870-71. He preached in New York city, but 
never took charge of a parish, devoting himself 
to missionary work and to literature. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him 
by Harvard in 1855 and that of LL.D. by Hobart 
in 1872. He was corresponding member of the 
Massachusetts Historical society and of the New 
England: Historic Genealogical society and mem- 
ber of the New York Historcial society, serving for 
many years as its domestic corresponding secre- 
tary. He was married, May 24, 1843, to Ellen 
Haswell, daughter of George and Mary (Haswell) 
Murdock of Boston. He edited in connection 
with the Rev. Henry W. Bellows, the Christian 
Inquirer (1850-54), and is the author of : Studies 
in Christian Biography (1851); God With Men, 
or Footprints of Providential Leaders (1853); 
The Hearth Stone: Thoughts Upon Home Life 
in our Cities (1854); Milestones in our Life 
Journey (1855); Student Life (1860); American 
Leaves (1861), and Thomas Crawford and Art in 
America (1875). He translated from the German 
of Olshausen : History of the Lord’s Passion (1839) ; 
De Wette’s Practical Ethies (2 vols. 1842), and 
published several addresses and sermons. He 
died in New York city, April 14, 1880. 

OSMUN, Thomas Embley (‘ Alfred Ayres”), 
orthoépist, was born at Montrose, Ohio, Feb. 26, 
1834 ; son of George and Mildred Washington 
(Ayres) Osmun, and a descendant of Ben jah 
Osmun, a colonel in the Revolution. His maternal 
grandfather, a justice of the peace of Akron, 
Ohio, removed from Vermont in 1813 and fourded 
the Ayres settlement. Thomas Osmun attended 
an academy in Cleveland and Oberlin college ; 
studied in Paris and Berlin, 1853-59, and after 
his return to the United States became a_pro- 
minent contributor to periodicals, teacher of 
elocution and dramatic critic. He was an editor 
of the Standard Dictionary, and under the pen 
name ‘‘ Alfred Ayres” is the author of: The 
Orthoépist (1880); The Verbalist (1881); The Men- 
tor (1884); Essentials of Elocution (1886); Acting 
and Actors; Elocution and Elocutionists (1894); 
The Essentials of Elocution (1897); Some Iil- 
Used Words (1901). He died in New York city, 
Oct. 26, 1902. 

OSSOLI, Sarah Margaret Fuller, author, 
was born at Cambridgeport, Mass., May 3, 1810; 
daughter of Timothy (q.v.)and Margaret (Crane) 
Fuller. Her younger sister, Ellen, married the 
poet, Ellery Channing of Concord, Mass. Mar- 
garet was educated at home and at the age of 


(87] 


OSSOLI 


fifteen was proficient in Latin, Greek, French and 
Italian. She removed to Groton, Mass., in 1833 
and upon the death of her father in 1835, taught 
school in Boston, Mass., and Providence, R.I., in 
order to support the 
younger children of 
the family. She re- 
moved to Jamaica 
Plain, Mass., in 1839 ; 
was a frequent visitor 
at Brook Farm and 
there met the famous 
patrons of that cele- 
brated colony, being 
recognized as the in- 
spiration of Haw- 
thorne’s ‘‘ Zenobia” 
in his ‘‘ Blithedale Ro- 
mance.” She formed 
a club of the bright- 
est and most distin- 
guished women in Boston and edited the Dila, a 
philosophical journal. In December, 1844, she re- 
moved to New York city and assumed the position 
of literary critic and philanthropic and artistic 
reporter on the Tribune, and became a member 
of the household of Horace Greely. In August, 
1846, she sailed for Europe and after an extended 
tour in which she met the foremost leaders in 
philanthropic, literary and reform movements, 
settled in Rome, Italy, in 1847. While there she 
was married in December, 1847, to Giovanni 
Angelo, Marquis Ossoli. During the siege of 
Rome, at the request of Mazzini, she was in 
charge of the Hospital of the Trinity to the 
Pilgrims and contributed much to the care of the 
wounded ; but upon the possession of the city by 
the French in June, 1849, she took refuge with 
her husband in Rieti, Italy, where her child had 
been placed for safety. After afew months the 
family returned to Florence and set sail from 
Leghorn, on the merchant ship Elizabeth bound 
for America. While off Fire Island, N.Y., the 
vessel was wrecked during a severe storm and the 
three were drowned, The body of tie child, the 
only one recovered, was taken to Boston and buried 
at Mt. Auburn cemetery by the New England 
relatives. A memorial to Margaret Fuller, con- 
sisting of a pavilion on the dunes overlooking 
the sea at Point 0’ Woods, opposite the site of the 
wreck, was unveiled on July 19, 1901, the 51st 
anniversary of the disaster. The idea of its 
erection originated with Mrs. Lillie Devereux 
Blake and the necessary money was raised by 
subscription. The interior of the pavilion con- 
tains a bronze tablet giving the name of Margaret 
Fuller and those of her husband and _ child, 
together with the facts of the shipwreck, and 
bearing an inscription by Mrs. Julia Ward Howe. 





[88] 


OSTERHAUS 


Margaret Fuller is the author of : Summer on the 
Lakes (1843); Woman of the Nineteenth Century 
(1844); Papers on Literature and Art (1846), of 
which a new edition was prepared by her brother, 
the Rev. Arthur B. Fuller (q.v.) (1855). The 
MS. of her proposed History of the Roman 
Republic was lost in the shipwreck. Her life 
was written jointly by William Henry Channing, 
R. W. Emerson and James Freeman Clarke in 
1852; Julia Ward Howe wrote a memoir in 
Eminent Women series (1883), and Thomas Went- 
worth Higginson in American Men of Letters 
(1884). See also correspondence of Emerson and 
Carlyle, and Life of Mazzini. She died at sea off 
Fire Island, Long Island, N,Y.,July 19, 1850. 
OSTERHAUS, Peter Joseph, soldier, was born 
in Coblentz, Germany, Jan. 4, 1823. He emigra- 
ted to the United States and settled in Belleville, 
ll, in 1849. Upon the outbreak of the civil war 
he was commissioned major of a battalion of the 
2d Missouri infantry and engaged in the battle of 
Wilson’s Creek, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861. He was pro- 
moted colonel of the 12th Missouri regiment. He 
commanded the 1st division of the corps under 
General Curtis at Pea Ridge, Ark., March 6-8, 
1862, and one of the three divisions in the Army 
of the Southwest in May, 1862. He was appointed 
brigadier-general of volunteers, June 9, 1862, and 
commanded the 9th division, 13th army corps, 
Army of the Tennessee, in the attack on Arkansas 
Post and in the Vicksburg campaign, May 1-July 
4, 1863. On May 2, 1863, he was stationed on the 
left branch of the road to Port Gibson and was 
repulsed by the Confederate force opposed to 
him ; but later in the day he was joined by Gen. 
John E, Smith’s brigade and made a successful 
attack, He commanded the 1st division, 15th 
army corps, of the army under Grant at Chatta- 
nooga, Nov, 28-25, 1863, and temporarily under 
General Hooker. At Lookout Creek he crossed 
the bridge, ascended the mountain, subsequently 
attacked the southern wing of the enemy on 
Missionary Ridge, making thousands of prisoners, 
and drove back the Confederate forces stationed 
at the summit. Hecommanded the Ist division, 
15th army corps, in the Atlanta campaign, May 
3 to Sept. 8, 1863, and during the absence of 
General Logan, the 15th army corps, Army of the 
Tennessee, Sept. 1, 1864, to January, 1865. He 
was chief of staff to Gen. E. R. S. Canby during 
the Mobile campaign and at the surrender of 
Gen. E. Kirby Smith’s army, after which he com- 
manded the military district of Mississippi until 
Jan. 15,1866. He was appointed U.S. consul to. 
France and resided at Lyons, 1866-77. He re- 
turned to New York city in 1877 and was engaged 
In manufacturing and exporting hardware for 
several years. He then removed to Mann- 
heim, Germany, where he continued the business. 





O’SULLIVAN 


O’SULLIVAN, John Louis, diplomatist, was 
born ona British man-of-war in the Bay of 
Gibraltar, during the outbreak of the plague in 
November, 1813; son of the U.S. consul to the 
Barbary states. He was astudentat the Military 
school of Soréze, France, and at the Westminster 
school, London, where he received a gold medal ; 
was graduated at Columbia college, A.B. 1831, 
A.M. 1834, and was tutor there, 1831-83. In 1841- 
42 he was a member of the New York state assem- 
bly, where he labored to secure a bill abolishing 
capital punishment; was a regent of the Univer- 
sity of the State of New York, 1846-54; and 
charge d’affaires and U.S. minister resident to 
Portugal, 1854-63. Atthe unveiling of Bartholdi’s 
Statue of Liberty in New York harbor, Oct. 28, 
1886, he addressed the French visitors. He died 
in New York city, March 24, 1895. f 

OSWALD, Eleazer, soldier, was born in Eng- 
land about 1755, and immigrated to America in 
1770. At the outbreak of the Revolution he 
entered the Continental army ; became secretary 
to Benedict Arnold, serving under him at Ticon- 
deroga, and commanded the patriot force at 
Quebec after Arnold was wounded. He was com- 
missioned lieutenant-colonel, Jan. 1, 1777, and 
served with Col. John Lamb’s regiment of artil- 
lery, distinguishing himself at Compo, where he 
fought under Arnold, and at the battle of Mon- 
mouth, where he was honorably mentioned in the 
official report. He left the service in July, 1778, 
and became connected with the Maryland Jour- 
nal, Baltimore, where he was unpopular on account 
of publishing an article by Gen. Charles Lee re- 
flecting on the military ability of Washington. 
He removed to Philadelphia, where he established 
the Independent Gazetteer, or the Chronicle of 
Freedom in 1782, began the publication of the 
Price Current in 1783, the first commercial jour- 
nal in the United States, and published the 
Independent Gazette, or the New York Journal 
Revived, in New York city, 1782-87. In 1792 he 
joined the Revolutionary army in France as 
colonel of artillery, served at Jemmapes and was 
sent by the Republican government on a secret 
mission to Ireland. He returned to the United 
States in 1795, and died of yellow fever in New 
York city, Sept. 30, 1795. 

OTERO, Miguel Antonio, delegate, was born 
in Valencia, N.M., June 21, 1829; son of Vicente 
and Maria Gertrudes (Chavez) Otero. His 
brother, Antonio Jose Otero, was appointed by 
Gen. Stephen Kearny one of the three district 
judges, on the acquisition of the territory in 1846, 
He was educated in St. Louis, Mo., and Fishkill, 
N.Y.; studied law in New York city and in 
Missouri under Gov Trusten Polk, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in St. Louis in 1852. He was 
private secretary to W. C. Lane, governor of New 


[89] 


OTEY 


Mexico, 1852-53; was elected to the territorial 
legislature from Valencia county in 1852; de- 
clined the appointment of U.S. attorney for the 
territory by President Pierce in 1853; was a del- 
egate to the 34th, 35th and 86th congresses, 1855- 
61, and delegate to the Democratic national con- 
vention at Charleston in 1860, where he supported 
Stephen A. Douglas for the presidency. He 
served as territorial secretary from June to Sep- 
tember, 1861, under appointment of President 
Lincoln, but his nomination was not confirmed 
by the senate. In 1864 he went to Leavenworth, 
Kansas, where he engaged in merchandising, and 
later removed with the progress of the Kansas 
Pacific railroad to Hays city. When the Atchi- 
son, Topeka and Santa Fé road was building he 
followed its progressive steps to Granada, La 
Junta, El Mora, Otero and Las Vegas. He helped 
to organize the New Mexico and Southern Pacific 
railroad and was its first vice-president. He also 
organized and was the first president of the San 
Miguel National bank at Las Vegas in 1880: was 
president of the Jamez Hot Springs company, 
and the unsuccessful candidate for delegate to 
the 47th congress in 1880. He was married in St. 
Louis, Mo., April 2, 1857, to Mary J. Blaékwood, 
and had four children ; Page Blackwood, Miguel 
Antonio, Gertrude V. and Mary J. He died at 
Las Vegas, N.M., May 30, 1882. 

OTERO, Miguel Antonio, governor of New 
Mexico, was born in St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 17, 1859 ; 
son of Miguel Antonio and Mary J. (Blackwood) 
Otero. He received his classical education at the 
University of St. Louis, Mo., and the University 
of Notre Dame, Ind., and was married, Dec. 19, 
1888, to Caroline V., daughter of Lafayette 
Emmett, chief-justice of Minnesota, 1858-65. 
He was cashier in his father’s bank at Las 
Vegas, 1880-85 ; city treasurer, 1883-84; clerk of 
San Miguel county, 1889-90; clerk of the U.S. 
district court, 1890-93 ; delegate to the Republican 
national convention, 1892; and on June 7, 1897, 
became by appointment of President McKinley 
governor of the territory of New Mexico for a 
four years’ term; was reappointed by President 
McKinley, June 15, 1901, during the vacation of 
congress, and by President Roosevelt, Dec. 18, 
1901, being confirmed, Jan. 22, 1902, for a second 
four year term. He was chairman of the New 
Mexico delegation to the Republican national 
convention at Philadelphia, 1900. 

OTEY, James Hervy, first bishop of Tennessee, 
and 30th in succession in the American episco- 
pate, was born at Liberty, Bedford county, Va., 
Jan. 27, 1800; son of Isaac Otey, and a descend- 
ant of John Otey, a soldier of the American Rev- 
olution. His father served for thirty years in the 
Virginia senate. He received an excellent pre- 
paratory education and was graduated with 


OTEY 


honors from the University of North Carolina, 
A.B., 1820, A.M., 1823. He was tutor in Latin 
and Greek at the university, 1820-21, and taught 
in a private school, Warrenton, N.C. Hestudied 
theology under Bishop Ravenscroft; was ad- 
mitted by him to the diaconate and to the priest- 
hood, and was rector of St. Paul’s, Franklin, 
Tenn., 1827-35, and of St. Peter’s, Columbia. He 
was elected the first bishop of Tennessee in 1834, 
and was consecrated by Bishops White, Onder- 
donk and Doane, Jan. 14, 1834. As pioneer 
bishop of the church in the southwest, he had 
missionary jurisdiction over Arkansas, Louisiana, 
Indian Territory, Mississippi and Florida. He 
made St. Peter’s church, Columbia, the cathedral 
church in 1835, and removed to Memphis, Tenn., 
where he erected St. Mary’s cathedral. At the 
outbreak of the civil war he opposed secession, 
and although he was a firm friend and co-worker 
with Bishop Polk, refused to attend the conven- 
tion of southern bishops held in Georgia, and re- 
mained loyal to the government. He established 
Columbia institute, a school for girls at Columbia, 
Tenn., while residing there, and was one of the 
first to propose the theological school which be- 
came the University of the South at Sewanee. 
The honorary degree of 5S.T.D. was conferred 
upon him by Columbia college in 1833 and that 
of LL.D. by the University of North Carolina in 
1859. He is the author of: The Unity of the 
Church (1852), and of many sermons. He died 
in Memphis, Tenn., April 23, 1863. 

OTEY, Peter Johnston, representative, was 
born in Lynchburg, Va., Dec. 22, 1840; son of 
John M. and Lucy Wilhelmina (Norvell) Otey ; 
grandson of Isaac Otey, for thirty years a state 
senator, and a descendant of John Otey of Revo- 
lutionary fame, and of Capt. Matthews, who 
served at Point Pleasant, Va., Oct. 10, 1774. He 
was graduated from the Virginia Military insti- 
tute, Lexington, Va., in July, 1860, and while a 
cadet took part in the defence of the state during 
the John Brown raid. He engaged as a civil en- 
gineer on the Virginia and Kentucky railroad, 
and in April, 1861, joined the Confederate army, 
serving throughout the war with the Army of 
Northern Virginia. He was severely wounded 
at the battle of New Market, Va., May 15, 1864, 
and as senior field officer commanded a brigade 
under General Early in the battle of Cedar Creek, 
Oct. 19, 1864. Upon the close of the war he re- 
turned to Lynchburg and engaged in the railroad, 
banking and insurance business. He was a 
Democratic representative in the 54th, 55th, 56th 
and 57th congresses, 1895-1902. He died 
Lynchburg, Va., May 4, 1902. 

OTIS, Eliza Henderson (Boardman), author, 
was born in Boston, Mass., July 27, 1796 ; daugh- 
ter of William H. and Elizabeth (Henderson) 


at 


[90] 


OTIS 


Boardman, and granddaughter of Joseph Hender- 
son, who read the proclamation announcing ‘‘ A 
Treaty of Peace between. Great Britain and 
America,” from the Old State House balcony, 
Boston, April 23, 1783. She was carefully edu- 
cated, and was married, May 6, 1817, to Harrison 
Gray Otis, 2d (1793-1827); Harvard, A.B., 1811, 
A.M., 1814. Shortly after his death she went to 
Europe, where she resided seven years and where 
her two sons were educated. While in Europe 
she was presented at several courts and after her 
return to Boston was prominent in society. She 
was interested in various charitable institutions, 
especially the Blind asylum and the Sailors’ Snug 
Harbor. She aided in the purchase of Mt, Ver- 
non, the home of Washington, and in the erection 
of the Washington equestrian statue, and was 
the first to celebrate regularly Washington’s 
birthday, throwing open her house to the public 
on each succeeding February 22. Through her 
appeal to the legislature the day was set aside as 
a legal holiday by Massachusetts, which was the 
first state to recognize it as such. Upon the out- 
break of civil war, she took charge of the Evans 
House aid committee, for which she was thanked 
by the mayor and council. Her portrait, painted 
by George P. A. Healy, is owned by the Bostonian 
society. She is the author of: The Barclays of 
Boston (1854), and articles in the Boston Trans- 
cript. She died in Baston, Mass., Jan. 21, 1873. 
OTIS, Elwell Stephen, soldier, was born in 
Frederick, Md., March 25, 1838; son of William 
and Mary Ann Catharine (Late) Otis; grandson 
of Elwell and Sallie (Evans) Otis, and of Michael 
and Maria Late, and descendant of John Otis, born 
at Barnstaple, Devon- 
shire, England, 1581, 
who came to this 
country in 1635 and 
settled in Hingham, 
Mass. He was gradu- 
ated from the Univer- 
sity of Rochester in 
1858, and from the 
Harvard Law school 
in 1861; practiced 
law in Rochester, N. 
Y., 1860-62, and join- 
ed the Federal army, 
Sept. 15, 1862, as cap- 
tain in the 140th New 
York volunteer in- 
fantry attached to Warren’s brigade, Sykes’s di- 
vision, and afterward to Ayres’s brigade, Griffin’s 
division, 5th army corps. He participated in the 
battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Get- 
tysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, the 
Wilderness, Spotisylvania, North Anna, Tolopo- 
tomy and Bethesda Chureh ; was promoted lieu- 





OTIS 


tenant-colonel, Dec. 23, 1863, and upon the death 
of Col. George Ryan at Spottsylvania, succeeded 
to the command of the regiment. He commanded 
the Ist brigade, 2d division, 5th army corps, dur- 
ing the early operations against Petersburg, Va., 
in 1864, but later in the year was severely 
wounded, and after a sick leave of absence was 
honorably discharged, Jan. 24, 1865. The brevets 
of colonel and brigadier-general of volunteers 
were conferred on him, March 18, 1865, for ‘* gal- 
lant and meritorious services in the battle of 
Spottsylvania and the battle of Chapel House, 
Va.” He was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 
221 U.S. infantry, July 28, 1866, which commis- 
sion he accepted, Feb. 7, 1867, and was brevetted 
colonel, U.S. army, March 2, 1867, ‘‘ for gallant 
and meritorious services in the battle of Spott- 
sylvania, Virginia.” He served on frontier duty, 
1867-74; was inspector-general of the Department 
of Dakota, 1874-75, and took part in the cam- 
paign against the Sioux Indians, 1876-77. Dur- 
ing the labor riots of 1877 he commanded his 


regiment, together with other troops, in Penn- 


sylvania; upon the death of Col. George Sykes, 
succeeded him as colonel of the 20th U.S. infan- 
try, Feb. 8, 1880, and organized and conducted 
the U.S. Infantry and Cavalry school, Leaven- 
worth, Kansas, 1881-85. He returned to the 
command of the 20th infantry at Fort Assini- 
boine, Montana, in 1885. He was detailed as su- 


perintendent of the recruiting service, Oct. 1, 


1890, which position he held until Jan. 21, 1893, 


and was commissioned brigadier-general, U.S.A., 


%s 


== 


Noy. 28, 1893. He was placed in command of 
the Department of the Columbia, including the 
states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho and the 
territory of Alaska, with headquarters at Van- 
couver barracks, Dec. 1, 1893, and remained there 
till 1896, when he was engaged in revising the 
**Army Regulations” at Washington, D.C. He 
was assigned to the command of the Department 
of the Colorado, including the state of Colorado 
and the territories of Utah, Arizona and New 
Mexico, in May, 1897. Upon the outbreak of the 
Spanish-American war he was engaged as presi- 
dent of a court-martial held at Savannah, Ga., 
and was delayed in entering active service until 
May 4, 1898, when he was commissioned major- 
general of volunteers and sent to San Francisco 
to organize troops destined for the Philippines. 
He sailed from San Francisco to Manila, July 23, 
1898, with re-inforcements for Gen. Wesley Mer- 
ritt, then commanding the U.S. army in the 
Philippines. In August, 1898, hesucceeded Gen- 
eral Merritt as commanding general of the Philip- 
pine army and governor-general of the province. 
Orders were issued prohibiting any acts of retali- 
ation on the part of the troops to the annoyances 
of the insurgent forces, and on Feb. 1, 1899, a de- 


OTIS 


tachment of U.S. troops was arrested and im- 


prisoned at Malolos for examining, as was alleged, 


[91] 


the Filipino intrenchments. On the same date 
the insurgents succeeded in drawing the fire of the 
outposts by attempting to break through the lines, 
and the ensuing battle lasted twenty-one hours, 
resulting in the utter rout of the Filipinos. On 
Feb. 4, 1899, he was brevetted major-general, 
U.S. army, for ‘‘ military skill and most distin- 
guished services in the Philippine Islands.” On 
Feb. 28, 1899, on the occurrence of another de- 
monstration the insurgents were defeated. Otis 
now followed up these engagements with the bat- 
tles of Caloocan, Luzon, Loilo, Island of Panay, 
and thereupon pressed Aguinaldo’s Luzon army 
north, captured his capital of Malolos and drove 
the insurgent forces beyond the Rio Grande De 
Pampanga. Later, by combined operations of 
U.S. forces lasting from September to January, 
he took possession of all important points in the 
Philippines, scattered and disintegrated the army 
of the insurgents, Aguinaldo being among the 
fugitives. At the same time he inaugurated muni- 
cipal governments, the supreme and some of the 
minor courts of the islands, and re-established 
trade and commerce throughout that archipelago. 
By his request he was relieved of the command 
of the U.S. forces in the Philippines, May 5, 1900, 
and was succeeded by General MacArthur, who 
also exercised the authority of military governor. 
He returned to San Francisco, May 25, 1900; on 
June 15, 1900. was publicly entertained at a cele- 
bration held in his honor at the city of Rochester, 
N.Y., and on June 16, 1900, his commission in 
the volunteer army was vacated. He was _ pro- 
moted major-general, U.S. army, June 16, 1900, 
to succeed Gen. Wesley Merritt, retired for age ; 
was given command of the Department of the 
Lakes with headquarters at Chicago, Ill., and on 
March 25, 1902, was retired, the war department, 
which issued a general order, reciting his distin- 
guished services not only through the civil war, 
but in his conduct of the campaign in the Philip- 
pines. He was twice married, first in 1870 to 
Louise, daughter of Henry R. Selden of Roches- 
ter, N.Y., and secondly in 1879 to Louise Bow- 
man, widow of Gen. Miles Daniel McAlester, 
U.S. army. He received the honorary degree of 
LL.D. from the University of Rochester in 1900. 
He is the author of: The Indian Question (1878), 
and contributions to periodicals, 

OTIS, Fessenden Nott, surgeon, was born at 
Ballston Spa, N.Y., March 6, 1825. He attended 
Canandaigua academy and Union college ; was 
graduated from the New York medical college in 
1852, was interne at Blackwell’s Island hospital, 
New York city, 1852-53 ; and surgeon to the U.S. 
Mail steamship company, 1853-60. He was mar- 
ried in 1859 to Frances H., daughter of Apollos 


OTIS 


Cook. He was surgeon to the New York city 
police department in 1861 ; lecturer at the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, New York city, 1862- 
71, clinical professor there, 1871-90, and professor 
emeritus, 1890-1900; superintendent surgeon of 
the Pacific Mail steamship company, 1869-73, 
and president of the medical board of the New 
York police department, 1870-72. He acted as 
consulting surgeon to several New York hospitals, 
1860-90. He made a trip around the world, 1890- 
91, and while in Japan gave a course of lectures 
at the medical university at Tokio, He was 
elected president of the American Association of 
andrology and syphilology in 1891: fellow of 
the American Academy of Medicine; the New 
York County Medical society ; the British associa- 
tion, and a member of the University club, the 
Century association and numerous medical socie- 
ties. The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred 
on him by Union college in 1851; that of M.D. 
by the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 
1864, and that of LL.D. by Columbia in 1892. 
He is the author of: Lessons in Drawing, Stucies 
of Animals and Landscapes (2 vols.. 1849-50); 
Tropical Journeyings (1856); History of the 
Panama Railroad and its Connections (1860), and 
of numerous important medical and surgical 
works. He also contributed to various foreign 
and American medical journals, and invented 
many surgical instruments. He died in New 
Orleans, La., May 24, 1900. 

OTIS, George Alexander, author, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Nov. 12, 1830; son of George 
Alexander (Harvard, 1821) and Anna (Hickman) 
Otis; grandson of George Alexander Otis, author 
of atranslation of Botta’s ‘*‘ History of the Ameri- 
can War for Independence ”; great-grandson of 
Dr. Ephraim Otis (Harvard, 1756), and a descend- 
ant from John Otis, Hingham, Mass., 1636. He at- 
tended the Boston Latin school and Fairfax in- 
stitute near Alexandria, Va., and was graduated 
from th College of New Jersey, A.B., 1849, A.M., 
1852; and from the University of Pennsylvania, 
M.D. in 1851. He was married, Sept. 19, 1850, to 
Pauline, daughter of the Rev. Alfred L. Baury 
of Newton, Mass. He studied in hospitals in 
London and Paris, 1851-52, and on his return to 
the United States settled in Richmond, Va. He 
was associate editor of the Virginia Medical and 
Surgical Journal, 1852-54, and in 1854 removed 
to Springfield, Mass. Upon the outbreak of the 
civil war he joined the Federal army as surgeon 
of the 27th Massachusetts regiment of volunteers 
and served throughout the war, receiving brevets 
as captain, major and lieutenant-colonel for 
faithful and meritorious services. He was ap- 
pointed curator of the U.S. Army Medical Mu- 
seum, July 22, 1864, and given charge of the sur- 
gical record department. His health failing in 


[92] 


OTIS 


1877, he was advanced to the rank of major and. 
surgeon in the U.S. army, March 17, 1880, and 
remained in charge at the Army Medical Museum 
until his death. He was a member of the Medi- 
cal Society of Norway ; corresponding member 
of the Surgical Society of Paris; an honorary 
member of the Massachusetts Medical society, a. 
member of the Philosophical Society of Washing- 
ton, D.C., and of the Academy of Natural Scien-. 
ces of Philadelphia, Pa. He is the author of 
Surgical History of the Rebellion (2 vols. 1881), on 
which he was engaged at the time of his death, 
and numerous reports for the Medical Museum. 
He died at Washington, D.C., Feb. 28, 1881. 

OTIS, Harrison Gray, senator, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Oct. 8, 1765; son of Samuel Al-- 
leyne and Elizabeth (Gray) Otis ; grandson of 
Col. James and Mary (Alleyne) Otis, and of Har-. 
rison Gray, a loyalist and receiver-general of 
Massachusetts before the Revolution, and a de-: 
scendant of John Otis, who emigrated from. 
Hingham, Norfolk county, England, to Hingham, 
Mass., in June, 1635. He was graduated at Har- 
vard, A.B., 1783, A.M., 1786; studied law under: 
Judge John Lowell in Boston, and became his. 
law partner in 1786. He was married, May 31, 1790, 
to Sarah, daughter of William Foster. Heserved. 
as captain in the Light infantry, 1787-98, his. 
company escorting Washington on his entrance 
into Boston in 1789. He was an aide-de-camp to- 
Gen. John Brooks during Shays’s rebellion. 
He delivered the Fourth of July oration in Boston. 
in 1788 ; represented Boston in the state legisla- 
ture in 1796 and 1803-05, and was speaker, 1803- _ 
05. He was a Federalist representative from — 
Massachusetts in the 5th and 6th congresses, 
succeeding Fisher Ames, and served, 1797-1801 ; 
was U.S. district attorney for Massachusetts, 
1801-08; and state senator and president of 
the senate, 1805-11. He was a delegate to 
the Federalist convention at Hartford, Conn., 
in 1814; judge of the court of common pleas of 
Massachusetts, 1814-18, and U.S. senator as suc- 
cessor to Joseph B. Varnum, 1817-22, resigning 
in 1822, when he was succeeded by James Lloyd, 
who completed the term. He was defeated as the — 
Federal candidate for governor of Massachusetts : 
by William Eustis in 1828, and was mayor of 
Boston, 1829-32. He delivered a eulogy on Alex-— 
ander Hamilton in 1804 and made an argument 
in the U.S. senate in 1820 on the admission of 
Missouri, which were extensively copied and 
quoted, He was a fellow of the American Acad- 
emy of Arts and Sciences, and was elected an 
honorary member of the New England Historie: 
Genealogical society, Jan. 6, 1846. He was an 
overseer of Harvard, 1810-25, a fellow, 1823-25, 
and received the degree LL.D. from there in 
1814. He died in Boston, Mass., Oct. 28, 1848. 


————— 

















OTIS 


OTIS, Harrison Gray, journalist, was born 
near Marietta, Ohio, Feb. 10, 1837 ; son of Stephen 
(born Litchfield, Conn., 784) and Sarah (Dyar) 
Otis; grandson of Barnabas (1756-1850) and 
Mehitable (Turner) Otis ; great-grandson of Joseph 
Otis, who was born 
in Plymouth, Mass., 
and married —— Lit- 
tle, and a descendant 
of James Otis (Hing- 
ham, 1635) from 
the Otis stock in 
America is descended, 
including James Otis, 
. the Revolutionary pa- 
“triot, and Harrison 
Gray Otis,the senator, 
for whom he was 
named. Barnabas Otis, 
his grandfather, sery- 
ed thirteen months 
ina New Hampshire 

battalion, and was wounded, discharged and 

pensioned; and Stephen Otis, his father, 
removed with the New England Colonization 
company to Ohio in 1800, built a block house at 

Marietta, and was joined by his father, Barnabas 

Otis, and family from East Poultney, Vt. Harri- 

son Gray Otis was partially educated in the 

common schools of Ohio, and learned the printer’s 
trade. He married Eliza A. Wetherby at Lowell, 

Ohio, Sept. 11, 1859. He enlisted as a private in 

the 12th Ohio yolunteers in 1861; was promoted 

four times and served in that regiment until 

1864, when he was transferred to the 23rd Ohio 

Veteran Volunteers, in which he was promoted 

captain. He was twice wounded in battle and 

was brevetted major and lieutenant-colonel for 
gallant and meritorious conduct, having partici- 
pated in fifteen actions during the war. 

Subsequently he was appointed 2d _ lieutenant 
in the U.S. army, but declined. He was official 

reporter of the Ohio house of representatives, 
_ 1866-67; was foreman of the U.S. government 
_ printing office, 1869-70, and later an employee of 
the U.S. patent office, resigning as chief of 

division in 1876. He removed to California in 
that year, edited the Santa Barbara Press, 1876-7 ; 
and was special U.S. treasury agent in charge of 

‘the Seal Islands of Alaska, 1879-81. He became 

editor of the Los Angeles Times in 1882. At the 

beginning of the Spanish-American war he 

‘Was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, 
May 27, 1898. He served against the Filipino 

insurgents in Luzon, commanding the Ist 

_ 2d division, 8th army corps, and led his 

igade at the capture of Caloocan, Feb. 10, 1899, 
being brevetted major-general for meritorious 
conduct there, March 25, 1899. - After taking 





oe 


TIS 


part in the campaign against Malolos, the Filipino 
capital, he resigned, was honorably discharged, 
returned to California and resumed his newspaper 
work, 

OTIS, James, orator and patriot, was born in 
West Barnstable, Mass., Feb. 5, 1725; son of 
James (1702-1778) and Mary (Allyne) Otis ; grand- 
son of Judge John Otis (1657-1725) and of Joseph 
Allyne of Plymouth, Mass., and great?-grandson 
of John Otis, who came from Hingham, England, 
in 1636 with his family and founded the town of 
Hingham, Mass. James Otis was tutored by the 
Rey. Jonathan Russell of Barnstable and was 
graduated from Harvard college, A.B., 1743, 
A.M., 1746. He studied law in the office of 
Jeremiah Gridley, 1745-48 ; was admitted to the 
bar in 1748, and began practice in Plymouth, 
Mass. He removed to Boston in 1750, soon attain- 
ing a high rank in his profession, and was 
appointed advocate-general under the crown. 
He was married in 1755 to Ruth, daughter of 
Nathaniel Cunningham, a Boston merchant. He 
was closely identified with the pre-Revolutionary 
movements and upon being asked to furnish the 
revenue officers with writs of assistance, refused 
and resigned his office, acting as counsel for the 
merchants in their protests against issuing writs, 
and accepting nofee, The case wasargued before 
Chief-Justice Hutchinson in 1761, Otis’s opponent 
being Jeremiah Gridley, his legal preceptor. He 
spoke for five hours in answer to Mr. Gridley’s 
defence of the measure, and in his speech, which 
has been characterized as one of the greatest of 
modern times, embodied all the relations bet ween 
the colonies and Great Britain. John Adams 
declared that on that day ‘‘ the child of Independ- 


ence was_ born,” 
that ‘‘the oration i 
breathed into the ail 
Nation the breath 
of life.” The court 


reserved its decision 







when it granted the has St 

om 7 vy \ . bi) 7 ifr 
writs. In May, 1761, (tig 
Mr. Otis was elected Rey i!h 
a representative in 
the Massachusetts ES 


legislature, where 
he served, 1761-70; 









Vea ey 


vs 
43) 








opposed the stamp - ==. of 
act in 1765; was OLD STATE HOUSE 
BOSTON. 


the mover for the 
stamp act congress and a delegate to the same in 
New York city in October, 1765, and was a mem- 
ber of the committee that prepared an address to 
parliament. He was elected speaker of the house 
in 1767, but his election was not confirmed by 
Governor Bernard, his political enemy. On 


[93] 


OTIS 


Sept. 5, 1769, he was badly beaten by one Robinson, 
a customs officer, supported by officers of the 
British army and navy, for having attacked the 
customs department in the columns of the Boston 
Gazette. He received a severe sword-cut on the 
head, and for the rest of his life was mildly 
insane. When he had received from Robinson 
a judgment for damages of £2,000, he refused to 
take the money awarded because Robinson had 
written anapology. In June, 1775, while residing 
at Watertown, Mass., on hearing of the assembly 
of troops at Breeds Hill, he borrowed a musket 
from one of his neighbors, joined the recruits 
and participated in the battle of Bunker Hill. 
He removed to Andover, Mass., and in 177 
argued a case in Boston, but his mental powers 
were inadequate for the exertion and he returned 
to Andover. Shortly after his return, while 
standing in his doorway, he was struck by 
lightning and instantly killed. He is the author 
of: Rudiments of Latin Prosody (1760); Vindica- 
tion of the Conduct of the House of Representatives 
(1762); Rights of the Colonies <Asserted (1765); 
Consideration in behalf of the Colonists (1765), 
and Power of Harmony in Prosaic Composition. 
The Massachusetts society, Sons of the Revolu- 
tion, placed a granite boulder holding a bronze 
inscription to his memory over his grave in the 
Old Granary Burying-Ground in Boston in 1898. 
He was named as eligible for a place in the Hall 
of Fame for Great Americans in 1900 in Class M, 
Rulers and Statesmen, and at the election in 
October received four votes. His daughter 
Elizabeth, on Oct. 4, 1776, married without his 
consent Lieut. Leonard Brown of the British 
army, who was wounded at Bunker Hill, and 
subsequently settled in Steaford, Lincolnshire, 
England. Her father, in his will, bequeathed to 
her ‘‘ five shillings”; to his other daughter, 
Mary, and to her mother, Ruth Otis (who died in 
1789), he bequeathed the residue of his estate and 
made them the executrices of his will. His only 
son, James, died when eighteen years of age, 
and his daughter Mary married Benjamin Lincoln, 
Jr. (1756-1784), eldest son of Gen. Benjamin 
Lincoln, James Otis died at the Osgood House, 
Andover, Mass., May 28, 1788. 

OTIS, James. See Kaler, James Otis. 

OTIS, Samuel Allyne, delegate, was born in 
Barnstable, Mass., Nov. 24, 1740; son of James 
and Mary (Allyne) Otis, and brother of James Otis 
the patriot. He was graduated from Harvard 
second in his class, A.B., 1759, A.M., 1762; studied 
law and engaged in business in Boston, Mass., as 
amerchant. He was a representative in the 
Massachusetts legislature, 1776-88, and speaker, 
1784; a member of the Massachusetts constitu- 
tional convention, 1780, and a member of the 
board of war. He was one of the commissioners 


[94] 


OTTENDORFER 













































that negotiated with the leaders of Shays’s rebel- 
lion in 1787; wasa delegate to the continental 
congress, 1787-88, and upon the meeting of the 
first U.S. congress, March 4, 1789, was made 
secretary of the senate, which office he held, 1789- 
1814. He was married to Elizabeth, daughter of © 
Harrison Gray, treasurer of Massachusetts. He 
died in Washington, D.C., April 22, 1814. 

OTJEN, Theobold, representative, was born in 
West China, St. Clair county, Mich., Oct. 27, — 
1851; son of John C. and Dorothea (Schriner) 
Otjen. He attended the academy at Marine City, 
Mich., and a private school in Detroit, Mich., 
under Prof. P. M. Patterson, and was employed 
as foreman in a rolling mill at Milwaukee, Wis., 
1870-72. He was graduated from the law de- 
partment of the University of Michigan in 1875 
and practiced law in Detroit until 1883, when he 
removed to Milwaukee. He was a member of 
the common council of the city, 1887-94 ; a trus- 
tee of the public library, 1887-91, and of the 
public museum, 1891-94; was defeated for 
city comptroller in April, 1892; was the un- 
successful Republican candidate for represen- 
tative in the 53d congress in 1892 and for the 
vacancy caused by the resignation of John 
Mitchell in 1893, and was a representative from — 
the fourth Wisconsin district in the 54th, 55th, 
56th and 57th congresses, 1895-1903. 

OTTENDORFER, Anna (Behr), philanthro- 
pist, was born in Witrzburg, Bavaria, Feb. 13, 
1815. She removed to the home of her brother in 
Niagara county, N.Y., in 1837, and in 1888 mar- 
ried Jacob Uhl, who opened a small printing 
office in New York city in 1844. He purchased 
the New Yorker Staats-Zeitung, a German weekly, 
in 1845, which, through the help of his wife, 
greatly prospered and became a daily in 1849. 
Upon the death of Mr. Uhl in 1852, his wife be- 
came proprietor of the Staats-Zeitung, managing 
it alone until July, 1859, when she married Os- 
wald Ottendorfer (q.v.), the latter assuming the 
position of editor-in-chief, while she remained the 
business manager. Whien the property of the paper, 
which had become the leading German journal 
in the United States, was turned into a stock 
company, Mrs. Ottendorfer gave the employees a 
ten per cent dividend on their annual salaries, 
subsequently raising it to fifteen per cent. Sh 
also bequeathed them $25,000 in her will. She 
built and endowed the Isabella Home for Aged 
Women at Astoria, L.I., in 1875, at a cost of $150- 
000, in memory of her daughter Isabella ; contrib- 
uted about $40,000 to a memorial fund in suppor 
of several educational institutions in 1881; buil 
and furnished the woman’s pavilion of the Ger 
man hospital in New York city at a cost of $75, 
000, and gave $100,000 anda library to the Ger 
man dispensary on Second avenue, New Yor 





OTTENDORFER 
































city. Her fortune was estimated at $3,000,000. 
‘She was awarded a gold medal by the German 
Empress in 1883, for her philanthropic work, 
She died in New York city, April 1, 1884. 
-OTTENDOREFER, Oswald, journalist, was born 
at Zwittau, Moravia, Feb. 26, 1826. His father, 
manufacturer, removed to Galicia, leaving Os- 
wald in the charge of a married sister at Brinn. 
He attended the gymnasium at Briinn until 1846 ; 
was graduated in jurisprudence from the Univer- 
sity of Vienna, and subsequently attended the 
‘University of Prague. In 1848 he returned to 
Vienna, joined the revolutionists and became a 
leader of the party in Saxony and Baden, and 
was subsequently commissioned a lieutenant in 
the battalion under Robert Blum. Upon the 
defeat of the revolutionists in October, 1848, he 
escaped to Switzerland and thence to the United 
States. He obtained employment in the counting 
room of the Staats-Zeitung, then owned by Jacob 
Uhl. Upon the death of Mr. Uhl in 1852 the 
management devolved on his widow, and Mr. 
Ottendorfer became an important factor in its 
publication. He was married in 1859 to Anna, 
widow of Jacob Uhl, and became the proprietor 
‘and editor-in-chief of the Staats-Zeitung, which 
rapidly increased in circulation. In politics he 
was a Democrat, but his paper was strictly non- 
partisan. He wasan alderman of the city, 1872-74, 
and was named as a candidate for mayor in 1874. 
He was a presidential elector on the Cleveland 
and Stevenson ticket in 1892. He retired from 
business in 1890, and part of his time was spent 
‘in travel in Europe. He donated $300,000 to build 
and endow an educational institution in Zwittau, 
Moravia; founded a home for aged and indigent 
men on Long Island, N.Y., and founded and con- 
tributed to the Ottendorfer Free library on Sec- 
ond avenue, New York city. In his will he 
bequeathed to the Isabella Hermath Home 
for Aged Women, named in memory of a de- 
el daughter of his wife, $100,000, supple- 
ting a gift of like amount made a few days 
before his death ; $20,000 to the New York Free 
ireulating library, and the same to the Charity 
Organization society, to the Cooper Union and to 
the German hospital and dispensary ; $25,000 to 
the American Museum of Natural History, and 
10,000 each to the Society for Ethical Culture 
ind bay German Ladies’ Society for the Relief of 
bitute Widows and Orphansand Sick Persons, 
Rach employee of the New Yorker Staats-Zeitung 
® bequeathed a share in proportion to his salary 
; a total bequest of $50,000. He died in New 
York Ae Dec. 16, 1900. 
0 » William Tod, jurist, was born in Phil- 
<) “ag Pa., Jan. 19, 1816; son of Dr. John 
rad (q. v.) and Eliza (Tod) Otto. He was 
sraduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 


cl 
7 


OVERSTREET 


A.B., 1838, A.M., 1886; studied law with Joseph 
R. Ingersoll, and practiced in Indiana, 1836-44. 
He was judge of the second judicial circuit, 1844— 
52; was professor of law in the Indiana univer- 
sity, 1847-52; assistant secretary of the interior, 
1863-71; was appointed the arbitrator on the part 
of the United States under the treaty between the 
United States and Spain in 1871, resigned in 1875, 
and was reporter of the decisions of the U.S. 
supreme court, 1875-84. He was U.S. represent- 
ative to the universal Postal congress at Lisbon, 
Portugal, in 1885, The honorary degree of LL.D. 


-was conferred on him by Indiana university in 


1852. He is the author of seventeen volumes of 
the Reports of the U.S. Supreme Court (1866-82). 

OUTHWAITE, Joseph Hudson, representa- 
tive, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, Dec. 5, 1841 ; 
son of George and Harriet (Hudson) Outhwaite, 
and grandson of John Outhwaite. He attended 
the public schools of Zanesville, Ohio, 1847-60 ; 
taught in the Zanesville high school, 1862- 
64; was principal of a grammar school in 
Columbus, Ohio, 1864-67, and practiced law in 
Osceola, Mo., 1867-71, and in Columbus, Ohio, 
after 1871. He was prosecuting attorney of 
Franklin county, Ohio, 1874-78; a trustee of the 
Franklin County Children’s home, 1879-838; a 
member of the sinking fund commission of the 
city of Columbus, 1883-89, and Democratic rep- 
resentative from the 18th and 12th districts of 
Ohio in the 49th, 50th, 5lst, 52d, and 53d con- 
gresses, 1885-95. He was a civilian member of 
the board of ordnance and fortification by ap- 
pointment of President Cleveland in 1895, 
resigning in 1900, and was a trustee of the 
Ohio State university in 1897. In 1896 he was 
elector-at-large on the ‘Gold Democracy ” 
ticket for the state of Ohio. He was 
dent of the Columbus board of trade, 
1901. 


presi- 


1900- 


OVERSTREET, Jesse, representative, was 
born in Franklin, Johnson county, Ind., Dec. 14, 


~ 1859 ; son of Gabriel Monroe and Sarah L. (Mor- 


gan) Overstreet ; grandson of Samuel Overstreet, 
who removed from Oldham county, Ky., to John- 
son county, Ind., in 1834, and of the Rev. Lewis 
Morgan. Jesse Overstreet attended the public 
schools and was graduated at Franklin college, 
Ind., in 1882. He studied law under his father, 
was admitted to the bar in 1886, settled in prac- 
tice in Franklin, and in 1891 associated himself 
in practice with his father on the death of the 
latter’s partner, Anderson B. Hunter. He subse- 
quently practiced in Indianapolis. He was a Re- 
publican representative from the seventh Indiana 
district in the 54th, 55th, 56th, 57th and 58th 
congresses, 1895-1905. He was married, June 7, 
1898, to Katharyne, daughter of F. T. Crump 
of Columbus, Ind. 


[95] 


OVERTON 


OVERTON, Edward, representative, was born 
in Towanda, Pa., Feb. 4, 1836; son of Edward and 
Eliza (Clymer) Overton; grandson of Thomas 
and Mary (Bleasdale) Overton of Wales, and of 
Henry and Mary (Willing) Clymer, and a great- 
grandson of George Clymer (q.v.). Edward 
Overton, Sr., a native of Clithers, Lancashire, 
England, was educated for the law in London, 
was admitted to the bar of Luzerne county, Pa., 
in 1818, and practiced in Wilkes Barre, Athens 
and Towanda, Pa. Edward Overton, Jr., was 
graduated at the College of New Jersey, A.B., 
1856, A. M., 1859, and was admitted to the bar in 
1858. He practiced in Towanda, and entered the 
Union army as major of the 50th Pennsylvania 
volunteers in September, 1861. He was promoted 
lieutenant-colonel in 1863, and commanded the 
regiment from that time until mustered out in 
October, 1864. Heresumed practicein Towanda ; 
served as U.S. register in bankruptcy, 1867-76, 
and as president of Citizens National Bank of 
Towanda, Pa., and was a Republican representa- 
tive from the fifteenth Pennsylvania district in 
the 45th and 46th congresses, 1877-81. 

OVERTON, John, jurist, was born in Louisa 
county, Va., April 9, 1766; a descendant of 
William and Mary (Waters) Overton. William 
Overton, a native of England, settled in Virginia 
previous to1670. John was self-educated ; taught 
school in Virginia, later went to Kentucky 
where'he was admitted to the bar in 1787, and in 
1789 removed to Tennessee, practicing at Nashville 
with Andrew Jackson, at thattime district attor- 
ney. He wasemployed as an expert in straighten- 
ing out complications in the land titles in the dis- 
trict, and in modifying the land laws of North 
Carolina in conformity with the acts of 1777 and 
1783. He was appointed judge of the superior 
court by Governor Sevier in 1804, te succeed An- 
drew Jackson, and was judge of the state supreme 
court, 1811-16. Hepurchased with Andrew Jack- 
son the Rice grant of land at the mouth of the 
Wolf river in 1794, and was influential in establish- 
ing the city of Memphis. He was active in promo- 
ting the election of General Andrew Jackson to 
the Presidency, and was consulted by the Presi- 
dent during his two administrations. He owned 
the largest estate in Tennessee. He was the 
author of Overton’s Reports 1791-1817 (1817), which 
contain the land laws of the state, and his de- 
cisions became the statute law of Tennessee. He 
died near Nashville, Tenn., April 12, 1833. 

OWEN, Alfred, educator, was born in China. 
Maine, July 20, 1829; son of Sewell and Jane 
(Maxfield) Owen. He was graduated at Water- 
ville college, A.B., 1853, A.M., 1856; was principal 
of the academy at Bridgton, Maine, 1854-56, and 
was graduated at the Newton Theological institu- 
tion in 1858. He was married, March 4, 1858, to 


OWEN 


Elizabeth C.-Stark of Waterville, Maine. He 
was ordained at China, Maine, Feb. 9, 1858; was 
pastor at Lynn, Mass., 1858-67 ; at Detroit, Mich., 
1867-77, and at Chicago, Ill., 1877-79. He was 
president of Denison university, Granville, Ohio, 
1879-86, and during his administration all debts 
were paid; the endowment was increased by 
$100,000; the publication of the Bulletin of the 
Scientific Laboratories of the University begun, 
and the admittance of the university to the Ohio 
branch of the Inter-State Oratorical association 
secured. He was president and professor of 
theology at Roger Williams university, Nashville, 
Tenn., 1887-95, resigning the presidency in 1895, 
but continuing to hold the chair of theology and 
metaphysics. He received the honorary degree 
D.D. from Kalamazoo college, Michigan, in 1871. 
He was a frequent contributor to reviews and to 
the denominational press, and an occasional 
lecturer at several theological seminaries and 
ministers’ institutes. 

OWEN, David Dale, geologist, was born at 
Braxfield House, near New Lanark, Scotland, 
June 24, 1807; son of Robert and Anne Caroline 
(Dale) Owen, and brother of Robert Dale Owen 
(q.v.). He was educated under a private tutor, 
and trained in the use of carpenters’ tools in the 
mechanical department connected with his 
father’s mills. He attended the academy at New 
Lanark, the school of Emanuel von Fellenberg at 
Hofwyle, Switzer- 
land, and the Ander- 
sonian Institution at 
Glasgow, Scotland, 
where studied 
science under Dr, 
Andrew Ure. He 
joined his father’s 
community at New 
Harmony, Ind., :in 
1828, and with his 
brother Richard con- 
tinued the study of 
chemistry and made 
geological researches. 
He went to Eng- 
land in 18381 to ; 
attend the lectures of Dr. Turner in the London 


he 





university, returned to the United States in 1832 


and was graduated at the Ohio Medical college 
in 1836. 
the state survey of Tennessee during the summer 
of 1836, and was appointed state geologist of 
Indiana in 1837. He was married, March 23, 
1837, to Caroline C., daughter of Joseph Neif 
who had been associated with Pestalozzi in his 
educational movement in Switzerland. He made 
a preliminary reconnaissance of the state of 
Indiana in 1837-38, and immediately published a 


He accompanied Dr. Gerard Troost on 














OWEN 


report which was re-issued in 1859. James 
Whitcomb, governor of Indiana and commissioner 
of the general land office, selected him to 
superintend a government survey of the Dubuque 
and Mineral Point districts, which comprised 
11,000 square miles of the Northwest territory, 
the object being to reservefrom sale the sections 
containing mineral wealth. This was one of the 
first surveys under the auspices of the national 
government. The results of his investigations 
were published in a Report of a Geological 
Exploration of a Part of Iowa, Wisconsin, and 
Illinois made under Instructions from the 
Secretary of the Treasury in 1839, with charts 
and illustrations (1844.) He was engaged in 
assorting the collection of minerals and fossils 
left by William McLure in 1840, was appointed 
U.S. geologist and directed to make a survey of 
the Chippeway district, a preliminary report of 
which was published in 1848. In 1849 the task 
was broadened and he was directed to undertake 
asurvey of the territory lying mainly within 
the states of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, 
~ for which the sum of $40,000 was reserved. This 
task required five years of field work and a final 
year of office and laboratory work, the results of 
which appeared in a Report of a Geological 
Exploration of a Part of Iowa, Wisconsin and 
~ Minnesota, and Incidentally a Portion of Nebraska 
Territory, with plates (1852). He was state 
geologist of Kentucky, appointed by Governor 
Powell, 1854-59, presenting four Reports of 
the Geological Survey in Kentucky, with an atlas 
(1836-61). He was also appointed state geologist 
of Arkansas by Governor Conway, serving, 1857- 
59, and publishing the results of his efforts in a 
Report of a Geological Reconnoissance of the 
Northern Counties of Arkansas (1858) and in the 
_ Report of the Middle and Southern Counties 
_ (1860). He was appointed geologist of Indiana in 
_ 1859, but owing to his impaired health, the work 
was done by his brother Richard, who published 
Report of a Geological Reconnoissance of Indiana 
. Seema His museum and laboratory were con- 
sidered among the finest in the United States, 
_ and his collection of specimens was purchased by 
the Indiana State university for $20,000. He 
died in New Harmony, Ind., Nov. 13, 1860. 
OWEN, Edwin lorwerth, educator, was born 
Wales in 1825, and immigrated to the United 
States in his early youth. He was graduated 
from Georgetown college, Ky., B.A., 1849, and 
became a Baptist clergyman in Kentucky. He 
Was pastor at Weston, Mo., 1857-59, and professor 
of ancient languages at William Jewell college, 
59-61. Atthe outbreak of the civil war the 
llege was suspended, reopening in 1863 as a 
Meetents school under the presidency of Dr. Wil- 


OWEN 


Professor Owen became his successor and held 


the office until his death. He received the hon- 
orary degree of LL.D. from William Jewell 


college in 1859. He died in Chicago, IIl., in 1867. 

OWEN, George Washington, representative, 
was born in Brunswick county, Va., in 1795, son 
of a planter, who removed his family to Davidson 
county, Tenn., in 1808. He was graduated at 
the University of Nashville, studied law under 
Felix Grundy and was admitted to the bar in 
1816. He practised in Claiborne, Monroe county, 
Ala., in partnership with John Gayle, represented 
Monroe county in the state legislature, 1819-20, 
and was speaker of the house in 1820. He was 
representative from Alabama in the 18th, 19th 
and 20th congresses, 1823-29 ; removed to Mobile ; 
was collector of that port, 1829-36, and mayor of 
Mobile, 1836-37. He was married to Miss Hollin- 
ger of Mobile, Ala. He died at his plantation 
near Mobile, Ala., Aug. 18, 1837. 

OWEN, John, governor of North Carolina, was 
born in Bladen county, N.C., in August, 1787; son 
of Col. Thomas and Eleanor (Portersfield) Owen. 
Colonel Owen was born in Chester county, Pa., 
in 1735; settled in North Carolina with his father 
in 1740; represented Bladen in the general assem- 
blies of 1775-76 and 1776-77; served as 2d major 
of a Bladen regiment in the Revolutionary war, 
and commanded a regiment in the brigade of 
Gen. Isaac Gregory. He was a descendant of 
Robert and Rebecca (Humphrey) Owen of Mer- 
ionethshire, Wales, who settled in Merion, Penn., 
about 1688. John Owen at- 
tended the University of 
North Carolina in 1804; be- ¢ 
came a planter, and was 
elected to the North Carolina § 
legislature, serving in the 
house and senate, 1812-28. * 
He was governor of North = 
Carolina, 1828-30, and was defeated as a can- 
didate for the U.S. senate by Willie P. Mangum 
in 1830, which contest produced an antagonism 
which very nearly resulted in a hostile meeting. 
He was a member of the state constitutional 
convention in 1835, and president of the Whig 
national convention at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 4, 
1839, at which William H. Harrison was nomi- 
nated President, and John Tyler Vice-President, 
he himself having declined the nomination for 
the latter office. He was married to a daughter 
of Gen. Thomas Brown of Bladen county, N.C., 
an officer of the Revolution. His brother, James 
Owen (1784-1865), was a representative in the 
18th congress, 1817-19. He died at Pittsboro, 
N.C., Oct. 14, 1841. 

OWEN, John Jason, educator and author, was 
born in Colebrook, Conn., Aug. 13, 1803. His 
parents removed to Johnstown, N.Y., where he 






f 


Yam Thompson, who retired after a few months. 
f [97] 


OWEN 


was prepared for college. He was graduated 
from Middlebury college, Vt., A.B., 1828, A.M., 
1831; from Andover Theological seminary in 
1831, and was ordained by the presbytery of New 
York city, Oct. 7, 1831. He was secretary of the 
Presbyterian Education society, 1831-35; princi- 
pal of Cornelius institute, New York, 1835-48 ; 
professor of Latin and Greek, and vice- -principal 
of the newly-organized Free academy, 1846-66, 
When the name was changed in 1866 to the Col- 
lege of the City of New York, he was made vice- 
president and served 1866-69, The honorary de- 
gree of D.D. was conferred upon him by the Uni- 
versity of the City of New York in 1848, and that 
of LL.D. by Ingham college in 1850, and by Mid- 
dlebury in 1864. He was a trustee of Middlebury 
college, Vt., 1863-69. He is the author of a trans- 
lation of ;: Xenophon’s Anabasis (1843); Homer's 
Odyssey (1844): Xenophon’s Cyropedia (1846); 
The Works of Thucydides (1847); also the Acts of 
the Apostles in Greek, with a Lexicon (1850); A 
Greek Reader (1852), anda Commentary, Critical, 
Expository, and Practical, on the Gospels (3 vols., 
1857-73). He died in New York city, April 18, 1869. 
OWEN, Joshua Thomas, soldier, was born in 
Caermarthen, Wales, March 29, 1821; son of 
David and Jane (Thomas) Owen, who immigrated 
to the United States in 1830 and settled in Balti- 
more, Md. He was graduated at Jefferson college, 
Canonsburg, Pa., in 1845; engaged in teaching ; 
studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1852, 
and in connection with his brother Robert 
founded a boys’ academy at Chestnut Hill, Phila- 
delphia. He combined the practice of law with 
the duties of teacher, and was a representative in 
the Pennsylvania legislature, 1857-59. He wasa 
private in the 1st city troop of Philadelphia in 
1861; was elected colonel of the 24th Pennsyl- 


vania volunteers, enlisted for three months’ 
service, and in July organized and became 


colonel of the 69th Pennsylvania 
organized for two years’ 
in the Army of the Potomac, holding the 
right of the 2d brigade, 2d division, 2d corps, and 
was present at every battle in McClellan’s Penin- 
sula campaign. He was promoted brigadier- 
general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious 
conduct at the battle of Glendale, June 30, 1862, 
and was again with McClellan in the Maryland 
campaign, September, 1862, where he succeeded 
Gen. O. O. Howard to the command of the 2d 
brigade, when Howard succeeded Sedgwick tothe 
command of the 2d division. He commanded 
the 2d brigade in Howard's division at Fredericks- 
burg, in Gibbon’s division at Chanceliorsville, 
and in Grant’s campaign against Richmond, in- 
cluding the battle of Cold Harbor. He was mus- 
tered out in 1864, and again took up his profes- 
sion. He,was recorder of deeds of Philadelphia, 


volunteers, 


service. He served 


OWEN 

















































1866-71, and in 1871 organized the New York 
Daily Register which published the official reports. 
of the New York courts in 1873, and was a mem- 
ber of its editorial staff until shortly before his 
death. He was married in 1862 to Annie J, 
Shendon. He died at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, — 
Pa., Nov. 7, 1887: 

OWEN, Richard, geologist, was born at Bran-_ 
field House, near New Lanark, Scotland, Jan. 6, 
1810; son of Robert and Anne Caroline (Dale) 
Owen, and brother of Robert Dale Owen (q.v.). 
He studied under private tutors and attended the | 
school of Emanuel Fellenberg at Hofwyl, Swit- 
zerland, three years, and the lectures of Dr. An- — 
drew Ure at the Audersonian Institution, Scot- 
land. He came to the United States with his 
father in 1824; settled at New Harmony, Ind., 
where his father founded a community and he 
engaged in teaching the settlers. He was next in 
business in Cincinnati, Obio, and afterward en- 
gaged in the management of a stock farm at — 
New Harmony. He was married to Annie, 
daughter of Joseph Neif. On the outbreak of © 
the Mexican war, in 1846, he was commissioned — 
captain in the 16th U.S. infantry, and served 
during the greater part of the war. With — 
his brother David he made a geological sur- 
vey of Minnesota, exploring in person the 
north shore of Lake Superior in 1849, and 
was professor of natural sciences in the West- 
ern Military institute of Kentucky, 1849-54. In 
1854 the school was removed to Tyree Springs, 
Tenn., and in April, 1855, became the literary de- — 
partment of the University of Nashville, with 
which department he was connected, 1855-59. He 
also shared the military training of the students 
with Bushrod R. Johnson (q.v.).’ He was assist- 
ant geologist and geologist on the Indiana sur-— 
vey, 1859-60 ; was appointed lieutenant-colonel of 
the 15th Indiana volunteers in 1861, and served in 
western Virginia, commanding a brigade under 
Gen, A. J. Smith. He recruited and commanded 
the 60th Indiana regiment and was taken pris-— 
oner at Munfordville, Sept. 17, 1862. He after- 
ward served with Generals Sherman and 
Banks in the Red River expedition, resigning in 
1863. He was professor of natural philosophy 
and chemistry in Indiana university, 1863-67 ; of 
science and chemistry, 1867-79, and also gave 
instruction in geology, mineralogy, French and — 
German.. He made a survey of the mineral re- 
sources of New Mexicoand Arizona; a geological 
survey of parts of North Carolina and of East Ten-_ 
nessee, while at Indiana university, and after his 
resignation, researches in terrestrial magnetism, ; 
and its effect on the formation of land on our 
globe. He received the degree M.D. from Nash- 
ville Medical college in 1858 and LL.D. from 
Wabash college in 1871. He contributed to sci- 


OWEN 





entific and literary periodicals. He died, from 

the effects of poison taken accidentally, at New 

Harmony, Ind., March 25, 1890. 

_ OWEN, Robert Dale, representative and 
author, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 7, 
1801; son of Robert and Anne Caroline (Dale) 
Owen, and grandson of Robert and 
(Williams) Owen, and of David Dale, a mill 
owner and lord provost of Glasgow. Scotland. 
His father (1771-1858), a prominent British social 
reformer and the author of many socialistic 
books, was in America, 1824-27, where he pur- 
chased 30,000 acres of land in Indiana and _ IIl- 
jnois,and made an unsuccessful attempt to found 
a colony, which he named New Harmony. 
Robert Dale Owen was educated by private tutors 
and at Emanuel von Fellenberg’s school at 

-Hofwyl, Switzerland, 1818-21. He came to the 
United States in 1824, and aided his father in es- 
tablishing the colony at New Harmony, Ind., 

_ but in 1$27, upon the failure of the enterprise, 

went back to England. Returning to America 

in the same year he settled in New York, where 

“he published the Free Inquirer, 1828-32. being as- 

sistedin the undertaking by Fanny Wright, the 

abolitionist. In 1832 he again went to New Har- 
mony, Ind. He was a representative in the 
ndiana legislature, 1835-38, and was influentialin 
securing one half of the appropriation from the 

‘surplus U.S. revenue allotted to Indiana for the 

support of the public schools of that state. He 

"was a Democratic representative from Indiana in 

the 28th and 29th congresses, 1843-47. While 

‘in congress he introduced a resolution relating 

‘to the Oregon dispute, which subsequently formed 

he basis upon which the question was settled in 

1846, and a resolution organizing the Smithsonian 

Institution. He was a member of the constitu- 

tional convention of Indiana in 1850, chairman of 

the committee on rights and privileges, and of 
the committee on revision. He was again a rep- 
resentative in the state legislature in 1851; ap- 
pointed by President Pierce chargé d’ affaires at 

Naples in 1853, and U.S. minister in 1855, serving 

until his return to the United States in 1858. 

He championed the abolitionist cause, and during 

the civil war was appointed by Secretary Stanton 

chairman of a committee to inquire into the con- 
dition of the freed slaves. The honorary degree of 

,.D. was conferred on him by the Indiana uni- 

versity in 1872, and he wasa trustee of the univer- 

ity, 1838-46 and 1849-51. He is the author of: 

C Dutline of the System of Education at New Lanark 

1824); Moral Physiology (1831); Discussion 

with Origen Bachelor, on the Personality of God 

and the Authority of the Bible (1832); Pocahontas: 

Drama (1887); Hints on Public Architecture 

geet); ; A Treatise on the Construction of Plank 

04 ie (1850); Footfalls on the Boundary of An- 



































[99] 


OWEN 


other World (1859); The Wrong of Slavery, the 
Right of Emancipation, and the Future of the 
African Race in the United States (1864); Beyond 
the Breakers (1870); Debatable Land Between 
this World and the Next (1872), and Threading 
My Way (1874). He died at Lake George, N.Y., 
June 17, 1877. 

OWEN, Thomas McAdory, historian, was 
born in Jonesboro, Jefferson county, Ala., Dec. 
15, 1866; son of Dr. William Marmaduke and 
Nancy (McAdory) Owen; grandson of Judge 
Thomas and Dolly Payne (Williams) Owen, and 
great-grandson of Marmaduke (q.v.) and Agnes 
(Payne) Williams. Agnes Payne wasa first cousin 
of Dorothy Payne, wife of President James 
Madison. His Owen and Williams ancestors 
were seated in Henrico and Hanover counties, re- 
spectively, in Virginia, as early as the beginning of 
the eighteenth century, and his MeAdory ances- 
tor was a Scotch-Irish immigrant from North 
Ireland to South Carolina prior to the Revolution- 
ary war. Hewas graduated from the University 
of Alabama, A.B. and LL.B., 1887, A.M., 1893. 
He was admitted to the bar in 1887 and practised 
in Bessemer, Carrollton and Birmingham, Ala., 
until March 1, 1901, when he retired from the 
active practice of law and devoted himself to 
literary pursuits. He was married, April 12, 
1893, to Marie, daughter of the Hon. John H. 
Bankhead (q.v.). He was elected secretary of 
the Alabama Historical society, Jnne 21, 1898; 
secretary of the Sons of the Revolution in Ala- 


bama, April 16, 1894, and a member of the 
American Historical association in 1894. He was 


one of the founders of the Southern History as- 
sociation of Washington, D.C., April 24, 1896; 
was instrumental in the establishment of the 
Alabama Department of Archives and History, 
located in the state capitol at Montgomery, Ala., 
ee 27,1901, and was elected its director, March 

, 1901, and in July, 1902, issued the first number 
of The Gulf States Historical Magazine, published 
bi-monthly. He edited the Transactions of the Ala- 
bama Historical Society (vols. 1 to 4, 1898-1902,) 
and the Report of the Alabama History Commis- 
sion (1901). He is the author of a City Code of 
Bessemer, Alabama (1888); Bibliography of Ala- 
bama (1897); Bibliography of Mississippi (1900), 
Annals of Alabama 1819-1900, being an addenda 
to Pickett’s History of Alabama (1900); separate 
genealogies of the Lester, Strother, Eaton, Stan- 
sel, Lacey, Kelly, Fisher and Ross families ; a Hist- 
ory of the Great Seal of Alabama, and a sketch of 
Ephraim Kirby, the first Superior Court Judge in 
what is now Alabama. 

OWEN, William D., representative, was born 
in Bloomingtom, Ind., Sept. 6, 1846; son of 
William D. and Priscilla (Rawlings) Owen ; 
grandson of David and Elizabeth (Dunn) Owen, 


OWENS 


and a descendant of David and Mary Jennings. 
He attended the Indiana State university in 1865, 
and studied law, which he relinquished in 1868 
to become a minister of the Christian church, 
serving assuch until 1878. He was married, Sept. 
8, 1869, to Mary, daughter of John P. and Ada 
2oss of Oxford, Ind. He edited the Western 
Journal, Logansport. Ind., and was a presi- 
dential elector on the Garfield and Arthur ticket 
in 1880. He was a Republican representative 
from the tenth Indiana district in the 49th, 50th 
and 5ist congresses, 1885-91. He is the author of 
Success, and The Genius of Industry. 

OWENS, James W., representative, was born 
in Springfield, Ind., Oct. 24, 1837. He was 
graduated at Miami university, Ohio, B.S., 1862, 
A.M. 1865; and served in the 20th and 86th Ohio 
volunteers respectively, 1862-64, rising to the 
rank of captain. He attended the law school of 
the University of Michigan, 1864-65, was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1865 and settled in practice 
in Newark, Ohio. He was married, July 23, 1867, 
to Martha, daughter of Elias Kumbler of Oxford, 
Ohio. He served as prosecuting attorney of 
Licking county, Ohio, 1867-71, was a member of 
the state senate, 1876-80, and president pro tem- 
pore of that body, 1878-80. He was a Democratic 
representative from the sixteenth and fourteenth 
Ohio districts in the 5ist and 52d congresses, 
1889-93. He was a trustee of Miami university, 
1878-1900. He died at Newark, O., March 30, 1900. 

OWENS, John Edward, comedian, was born 
in Liverpool, England, May 4, 1824, of Welsh 
parentage. He immigrated to the United States 
with his parents in 1827; settled first in Balti- 
more, Md., and in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1837 
where his father engaged in the drug business. 
Tle was educated in private schools, and after- 
ward assisted in his father’s store and as a clerk 
in a wholesale house in the same business. His 
first stage appearance wasasmall and gratuitous 
part in the support of Charlotte Cushman at the 
National theatre, Philadelphia, in 1841, of which 
William E. Burton was manager. In 1843 he 
quarreled with Burton, left the company and 
returned tothe drug business. He appeared in 
Baltimore at the Holliday theatre in 1844, and at 
Peale’s museum in 1845. In 1846 he accepted the 
role of Jack Humphries in ‘‘ Turning the Tables,” 
in a benefit to D. P. Bowers at the Philadelphia 
museum, and in 1847 an agreement with Burton 
having been effected, was seen as Jakey in ‘‘ A 
Glance at New York ” in Philadelphia and Balti- 
more, receiving $300 per week. He was associa- 
ted with Mr. Hann in the management of the 
Baltimore museum in 1849, and was sole proprie- 
tor, 1850-53. In New Orleans he made the ac- 
quaintance of Joseph Jefferson, with whom he 
afterward played in ‘‘ The Poor Gentleman.” He 


OWSLEY 


opened at Brougham’s Lyceum, New York city, 
in 1852, and made a professional tour of Europe, 
1852-53. He gave a panoramic entertainment il- 
lustrative of his ascent of Mount Blanc, in various 
cities in the United States, 1853, and in the same 
year became manager of the Charles Street 
theatre, Baltimore, where he personified Uncle 
Tom in Mrs. Stowe’s novel dramatized. He then 
starred for several seasons and was the principal 
comedian at the Varieties theatre in New Or- 
leans, La., in 1858, and manager, 1859-61.. He 
opened at Wallack’s theatre, New York city, in 
August, 1864, in ‘‘ Solon Shingle,” which had a 
run of eight months ; appeared in the same play 
at the Adelphi theatre, London, in July, 1865, 
where he attracted immense audiences, and re- 
turned to Wallack’s in 1866. He was repeatedly 
seen in all the leading cities of the United States 
in the roles of Dr. Ollapod, Caleb Plummer, 
Aminadab Sleek and Dr. Pangioss. He bought 
the Academy of Music at Charleston, 8.C., in 
1872; and while in California in 1880 lost a large 
proportion of his acquired fortune through spec- 
ulation. He accepted an engagement at the Madi- 
son Square theatre in ‘‘ Esmeralda,” 1882-83, and 
afterward traveled. He died at his country house 
Aigburth Vale, near Towson, Md., Dec. 7, 1886. 

OWSLEY, William, governor of Kentucky, | 
was born in Virginia in 1782; son of William and 
Catharine (Bolin) Owsley ; grandson of Thomas 
and Mary (Middleton) Owsley, and a descendant 
of the Rev. John and Dorothea (Poyntz) Owsley. 
He removed to Lincoln in 
1783 with his parents ; taught 
school and served as deputy / 
sheriff, his father being sheriff 
of Lincoln county; studied ¥ 
law under John Boyle, and es- 
tablished a successful practice 
in Lancaster, Garrard county. 
He served in both branches of the state legislature 
several terms, and wasa judge of the state supreme 
court, 1812-2 He maintained the principle of 
anti-repudiation advocated by Henry Clay in 1824, 
and remained firm when the majority in the state 
legislature tried to abolish the supreme bench, 
which act was declared unconstitutional by the 
U.S. supreme court. In 1828 he resumed the 
practice of law, again represented Garrard county 
in the state legislature and served on the bench — 
of the court of appeals. Retiring from the prac- — 
tise of law in 1843, he lived on a farm near Dan- 
ville, Ky., and in 1844 was elected by the Whig 
party governor of Kentucky, defeating Col. Wil- 
liam O. Butler, Democrat, and re-elected in 1846, 
serving, 1844-48. Owsley county, Ky..was named 
in his honor. Centre college conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1843. He died 
in Danville, Ky., Dec. 9, 1862. 





[100] 











~ 


PACA 


PACA, William, signer, was born at Wye Hall, 
Harford county, Md., Oct. 31, 1740; son of John 
and Elizabeth Paca. John Paca possessed large 
estates in Maryland, inherited from his father, 
and held office under the Proprietary governors. 
William Paca was 
graduated at Phila- 
delphia college, A. B., 
1759, A.M., 1762; 
studied law in the 
office of Stephen 
Bordley, Annapolis, 
Md., and was licensed 
to practise in the 
mayor’s court in 1761. 
He completed his 
legal studies in the 
Middle Temple, Lon- 
don, England, and 
was admitted to 
the provincial court, 
April 11, 1764. He 
opposed the ‘‘Stamp Act,” in 1765, and every 
subsequent measure of British oppression. He 
was a member of the provincial assembly of Mary- 
land, 1771-74, and a delegate to the Continental 
congress from Maryland, 1774-79, where he served 
on important committees. He was instructed by 
his constituents to agree to all measures that 
might be deemed necessary to obtain a redress of 
American grievances ; but was restrained from 
openly advocating independence until June 28, 
1776, when, the restrictions having been recalled, 
with his colleagues from Maryland he voted in 
favor of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 
1776, and on Aug. 2, 1776, signed the instrument. 
He contributed liberally to the patriot cause and 
asa member of the committee of safety assisted 
in planning a naval armament to defend the ap- 
proach to Philadelphia, and in organizing the 
army. He was a state senator, 1777-79; chief- 
justice of Maryland, 1778-80; chief-justice of the 





court of appeals of Maryland in prize and ad- 


-miralty cases, 1780-82, and president or governor 
of Maryland, 1782-85. He was influential in es- 
tablishing Washington college at Chestertown, 
Md., in 1786 ; was vice-president of the Maryland 
Branch Society of the Cincinnati, 1784-99; a 
member of the Maryland convention that ratified 
the U.S. constitution in 1788, and judge of the 
district court of the United States for Maryland, 
1789-99. He was married first, in May, 1761, to 
Mary, daughter of Samuel and Henrietta Maria 
(Lloyd) Chew of Anne Arundel county, Md., and 
‘Secondly, in 1777, to Anna Harrison of Philadel- 
phia. Pa. He died at Wye Hall, Queen Anne 
county, Md., in 1799. 


PACKARD 


ed 


PACHECO, Romualdo, governor of California, 
was born in Santa Barbara, Cal., Oct. 31, 1831. 
His father was a member of the staff of Echeau- 
dia, military governor of Alta California in 1825, 
and his mother was Romona Carillo of San Diego. 
After attending school in the 
Sandwich Islands, 1888-43, 
he studied under a private 
tutor. Later he went to sea 
with his father-in-law, John 
Wilson of Dundee, Scotland, 
a sea captain, and after his ~ wy ON 
return engaged in agriculture. Serene 
He was a state senator, 1851 and 1861; a repre- 
sentative in the state legislature, 1858-55 and 
1868-70 ; county judge, 1855-59; state treasurer, 
1863-66 ; Lieutenant-governor of the state, 1871- 
75, and acting governor in 1875, to succeed New- 
ton Booth, who was elected U.S. senator. He 
received the certificate of election as representa- 
tive to the 45th congress in 1876, but the seat 
was awarded to Peter D. Wigginton, Feb. 7, 1878. 
He was a representative in the 47th and 48th 
congresses, 1881-85, and in 1890 was appointed by 
President Harrison, U.S. minister to Guatemala 
and Honduras, retiring in 1898. He died in 
Oakland, Cal., Jan. 23, 1899. 

PACKARD, Alpheus Spring, educator, was 
born in Chelmsford, Mass., Dec. 23, 1798 ; son of 
the Rey. Hezekiah (1761-1849) and Mary (Spring) 
Packard ; grandson of Jacob and Dorothy (Per- 
kins) Packard, and of the Rev. Alpheus and 
Sarah (Frost) Spring, anda descendant of Samuel 
Packard, who emigrated from Windham, Nor- 
folk county, England, to America in the Dili- 
gence in 1638, with his wife and child, and set- 
tled first in Hingham and then in West Bridge- 
water, Mass. Alpheus removed to Wiscasset, 
Maine, with his parents, in 1802; was prepared 
for college at Phillips’ academy, Exeter, N.H.,and 
was graduated at Bowdoin, A.B., 1816, A.M., 1819. 
He taught school in Gorham, Wiscasset and 
Bucksport, and was the principal of Hallowell 
Academy, Maine,I816-19; was at Bowdoin as tutor, 
1819-24; professor of ancient languages and clas- 
sical literature, 1824-65, of rhetoric and oratory, 
1842-45, and of natural and revealed religion, 








1864-84. He was also librarian of Bowdoin, 1869- 
81, and acting president, 1883-84. He was first 


a 


married in 1827 to Frances E., daughter of Jesse 
Appleton, president of Bowdoin, and secondly in 
1844 to Mrs. C. W. McLellan of Portland, Me. 
He was ordained to the Congregational ministry, 
May 16, 1850, and was a frequent preacher at the 
college and the neighboring churches. He was 
an early member of the Maine Historical society, 
and its librarian and cabinet keeper for forty-five 


[101] 


PACKARD 


years. He also contributed to and jointly edited 
several volumes of its Collections, and was a 
honorary member of the Royal Historical society 
of London, of the New York Historical society, 
and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts 
and: Sciences. He received the degree of D.D. 
from Bowdoin in 1860. He contributed to the 
North American Review, the Bibliotheca Sacra, 
and to Annals of the American Pulpit. He edited: 
History of Bowdoin, with Biographical Sketches 
(1882) ; Works of the Rev. Jesse Appleton with a 
Memoir (2 vols., 1836-37) ; Xenophon’s Memora- 
bilia of Socrates with English notes (1839), and 
published several addresses. See ‘‘ Memorial : 
Alpheus 8. Packard,” by George T. Little (1886). 
He died at Squirrel Island, Maine, July 18, 1884. 
PACKARD, Alpheus Spring, naturalist, was 
born in Brunswick, Me., Feb. 19, 1839; son of the 
Rey. Alpheus Spring and Frances Elizabeth (Ap- 
pleton) Packard. He was graduated at Bowdoin, 
A. B., 1861, A. M., 1862, M. D., 1864; studied 
natural history under Louis Agassiz in the Law- 
rence Scientific school, Harvard university, 1861- 
64, receiving the de- 
gree §.B., 1864, and 
served for a time as 
an assistant in Agas- 
siz Museum. He made 
a summer voyage to 





y: S 


Hl 
¥ Ay 





Greenland expedition 
under Professor Chad- 
bourne in 1859, and 
inducted members of 
his class on a summer 
voyage to the Bay of 
Fundy in 1860. He 
was an assistant on 
the Maine geological 
and discovered a deposit 
determined the age of the 


1861-62, 
of fossils which 


survey, 


rocks in the Fish River region, and visited 
northern Labrador with William Bradford, 


the artist, during the summer of 1864, after- 
ward publishing various papers on the zodlogy 
and geology of that coast. He was assistant 
surgeon in the Ist Maine Veteran Volunteers, 
Army of the Potomac, 1864-65. He was married 
in October, 1867, to Elizabeth Derby, daughter of 
Samuel B. Walcott of Salem, Mass. He was act- 
ing custodian and librarian of the Boston Society 
of Natural History, 1865-66 ; one of the organiz- 
ers of the Peabody Academy of Science in Salem, 
Mass., of which he was one of the curators, 1868- 
76, and the director of its museum, 1877-78. 
He discovered in 1867 the traces (glacial stria) 
of glaciers in the White mountains, which radi- 
ated from Mount Washington; the morphology 


[102] 


Labrador with the. 
Wiiliams College 


PACKARD 


and mode of development of the ovipositor and. 
sting of insects; the nature of the spiral thread 
of the tracheze of insects; the structure of the 
eyes and brains of blind insects, ete., and the 
brick-red or renal glands of the king crab. He 
established a summer school of biology in Salem, 
and in 1868, with Hyatt, Morse, and Putnam, 
founded the American Naturalist, of which he 
was editor-in-chief, 1868-88. He made zodlogical 
collections on the Florida reefs and also at Beau- 
fort, N.C., 1869-70, at Charleston, S.C., in 1871, 
in Cuba in 1886, and in Mexico, ascending to the 
summit of Mt. Popocatepetl in 1885. In 1889 he 
traveled through Morocco, Algeria, and in Egypt 
up to the first cataract of the Nile. He was state 
entomologist of Massachusetts in 1871-73, and 
lectured on entomology at the Massachusetts. 
State college, 1869-77, and at the Maine State 
Agricultural college in 1871. He was an instruc- 
tor under Agassiz in the Anderson School of Nat- 
ural History, Penikese Island, near New Bedford, 
Mass., 1873-74, serving also for a timeas dean of 
the faculty, and was connected with the U.S. 
fish commission, for two seasons dredging off the 
New England coast. He was lecturer on natural 
history at Bowdoin, 1871-74, and was connected 
with the U.S. geological and geographical survey 
of the territories under Ferdinand V. Hayden, 
1875-77. He was a member of the U. 8. entomo- 
logical commission, 1877-82, and during the suim- — 
mers of 1877-80 made extensive tours in the 
western and Pacific states and territories ascer- 
taining the extent of the breeding grounds and 
distribution of the locust. He was elected pro- 
fessor of zodlogy and geology at Brown univer- 
sity in 1878. He received the degrees of Ph.D. 
in 1879 and LL.D. in 1901 from Bowdoin college. 
After 1870 he advocated a modern form of La- 
marckism, to which he gave the name of Neo- 
Lamarckism, and, with Hyatt and Cope, was 
one of the founders of that school of evolutional 
thought in America. He was elected a member 
of the National Academy of Sciences in 1872; 
was an honorary president of the International 
Zodlogical Congress of Paris in 1889 ; vice-presi-- 
dent, Section of Zodlogy, of the American Asso- — 
ciation for the Advancement of Science (1898), and 
became a member and correspondent of twelve 
European and many American scientific socie-— 
ties; among them the Linnean Society of Lon-— 
don, the British Association for the Advance-— 
ment of Science, the Natural History societies of 
Vienna and Moscow, and the Entomological soci- 
eties of London, Paris, St. Petersburg, Stock- 
holm and Brussels. His bibliography comprises 
more than 400 titles, and includes papers on the 
classification, anatomy and embryology of in- 
sects, on the anatomy of the king crab (Limu- 
lus), on fossil crustacea, on the eyes of trilo- 








PACKARD 


bites, the brain of crustacea, on alpine insect 
life, on blind or cave animals, and articles on 
organic evolution. His larger scientific memoirs 
include: Glacial Phenomena of Maine and Lab- 
rador (1866), Revision of the Fossorial Hymenop- 
tera of North America (1866-67); Development 
and Anatomy of Limulus Polyphemus (1871-95) ; 
Monograph of the Geometrid Moths (1876); The 
Brain of the Locust (1881); Monograph of the 
North American Phyllopod Crustacea (1883); 
The Cave Fauna of North America (1888); Mono- 
graph of the.Bombycine Moths (1895). His text- 
books include: <A Guide to the Study of Insects 


(1869), (1868-72); Owr Common Insects (1876); 


Life-Histories of Animals, itneluding Man, or 
Outlines of Comparative Embryology (1876); Half 
Hours with Insects (1877); Insects of the West 
(1877); Zodlogy for Students and General Read- 
ers, (1879, Briefer Course, 1883); First Lessons 
in Geology (1882); Lirst Lessons in Zodlogy 
(1886); Entomology for Beginners (1888); For- 
est and Shade-Tree Insects (1888), and Text-book 
of Entomology (1898). His general works are: 
A Naturalist on the Labrador Coast (1888); and 
‘Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution, His Life and 
Work (1901). For titles of papers on insects see 
“The Entomological Writings of Dr. Alpheus 
Spring Packard,” by Samuel Henshaw (1887). 
PACKARD, Hezekiah, educator and clergy- 
man, was born in North Bridgewater, Mass., 
December 6, 1761; son of Jacob and Dorothy 
(Perkins) Packard. He served in the Revolu- 
tionary war at Bunker Hill, and afterward at 
Castle William (Fort Independence) and at Har- 
lem Heights. He engaged in farming, but an 
injury preventing him from performing such 
labor, directed his thoughts to higher education, 
and he was graduated from Harvard college, 
A.B., 1787, A.M., 1790. He became principal of 
the Cambridge grammar school in 1788, was as- 
sistant librarian at Harvard college in 1789, 
and tutor in mathematics there, 1789-93. He 
was ordained to the Congregational ministry, 
1793, was pastor at Chelmsford, Mass., 1793-1802 ; 
at Wiscasset, Maine, 1802-80, and at Middlesex 
Village, Mass., 1830-36. He was married in Sep- 
tember, 1796, to Mary, daughter of the Rev. Al- 
pheus and Sarah (Frost) Spring of Kittery (now 
Eliot), Maine. He was the founder of the Bible 
society of Lincoln county, Maine, and of the 
Eastern Evangelical society, an overseer of Bow- 
doin college, 1802-18, and a member of the board 
of trustees, 1813-30. He wasa liberal Congrega- 
tionalist, being classed in Sprague’s ‘* Annals” as 
a ‘‘ Trinitarian-Unitarian.” He received the hon- 
orary degree of D.D. from Harvard in 1818. He 
is the author of : Federal Republicanism (1799) ; 
The Christian’s Manual (1801) ; Infant Baptism 
(1815). He died in Salem, Mass., April 22, 1849. 


PACKARD 


PACKARD, Jasper, representative, was born 
in Austintown, Mahoning county, Ohio, Feb. 1, 
1882, son of Thomas and Nancy Ann Packard; 
grandson of John and Mary Packard. He removed 
to Indiana with his father in 1835, and labored 
on the farm until 1850 ; attended Michigan Central 
college, and Oberlin college, Ohio; was graduated 
at the University of Michigan, A.B., 1855, and 
taught school, 1855-56. He was married Oct. 4, 
1855, to Harriet 8., daughter of George and 
Therina Tibbits of Farmington, Mich., and then 
settled in Laporte, lInd., where he edited the 
Union and studied law. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1861, and in the same year entered the 
Union army, rising from the rank of private to 
that of Ist heutenant in the 48th Indiana infantry. 
In the Vicksburg campaign, where he received a 
facial wound, he was promoted captain. He 
was in the march from Memphis to Chattanooga, 
and was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 128th 
Indiana infantry during the Atlanta campaign. 
He was brevetted brigadier-general of the 
volunteers, March 138, 1865, for meritorious ser- 
vices, and was mustered out of the army in 1866. 
He was auditor of Laporte county, Ind., 1866-68 ; 
was a Republican representative from the 
eleventh Indiana district in the 41st, 42d and 
43d congresses, 1869-75, and was chairman of the 
committee on privateland claims. He established 
and edited the Laporte Chronicle 1874-78 ; was 
U.S. internal revenue agent 1876-84, and pro- 
prietor and editor of the Laporte Daily Public 
Spirit, 1886-88. In 1888 he removed to New 
Albany, Ind., and was proprietor and editor of 
the New Albany Evening Tribune, and a represen- 
tative in the Indiana legislature 1896-98. He 
received the honorary degree of A.M. from Hills- 
dale college, Mich., in 18738. On June1, 1899, he 
was appointed commandant of the Soldiers’ Home, 
Lafayette, Ind., and he died there, Dec. 13, 1899. 

PACKARD, Joseph, educator, born in 
Wiscasset, Me., Dec. 238, 1812; son of the Rev. 
Hezekiah and Mary (Spring) Packard ; grandson 
of Jacob and Dorothy (Perkins) Packard and of 
Alpheus and Sarah (Frost) Spring, and a descen- 
dant of Samuel Packard, who settled first at 
Hingham, then in West Bridgewater, Mass., in 
1688. Joseph Packard attended the private 
school kept by his father, and Phillips academy, 
Andover, Mass., and was graduated from Bowdoin 
college, A.B., 1831, A.M., 1834. He taught in 
the academies at Walpole, N.H., and Brattle- 
boro, Vt., 1831-33; attended Andover Theological 
seminary, 1833--34; and was professor of Latin at 
Bristol college, Pa., 1834-36. He was ordained 
deacon in 1836 and advanced to the priesthood in 
1837; was professor of sacred literature at the 
P. E. Theological seminary, Fairfax county, 
Va., 1836-95 ; dean of the seminary, 1880-95, and 


was 


[103] 


PACKARD 


professor emeritus, 1895-1902. He was married in 
January, 1838, to Rosina, daughter of Gen. Walter 
Jones of Washington, Pa. The honorary degree 
of D.D. was conferred on him by Kenyon college, 
Ohio, in 1847. He wasa member of the American 
Oriental society, and of the American commis- 
sion for the revision of the Bible, 1872-85 ; prepared 
a commentary on Malachi for Lange’s commen- 
tary in 1874, contributed articles to the Bibliotheca 
Saera and other religious periodicals, and publish- 
ed several sermons and addresses, including 


Questions on the Gospels (1855). He died at 
Theological Seminary, Va., May 3, 1902. 
PACKARD, William Alfred, educator, was 


born in Brunswick, Maine, Aug. 26, 1830; son of 
the Rev. Alpheus Spring and Francis E. (Apple- 
ton) Packard. He was graduated at Bowdoin, 
A.B., 1851 ; A.M., 1854; was teacher at Phillips 
Andover academy, 1852-53, and tutor at Bowdoin, 
1853-54; was graduated at Andover Theological 
seminary in 1857, studied at the University of 
G6ttingen, Germany, 1857-58, and was instructor 
in modern languages at Bowdoin, 1859. He was 
married in 1861 to Susan Breese Gallagher of 
Bloomfield, N.J., who died in Princeton, N.J., 
Dec. 16, 1886. He was professor of modern 
languages at Dartmouth, 1859-63, and of Greek 
language and literature, 1863-70, and in 1870 was 
elected professor of Latin language and literature 
and of the science of language at the College of 
New Jersey, Princeton. He received the honor- 
ary degrees A.M. from Dartmouth, 1864, and 
Princeton, 1896, Ph.D. from Hamilton, 1868, and 
D.D. from Bowdoin, 1894. He revised with 
translations for later editions ‘‘ Curtius’s History 
of Greece,” prepared memorial sketches of the 
lives of earlier presidents and professors of the 
College of New Jersey, and articles, including the 
reviews of books, in the Princeton Review and the 
Presbyterian Review. 

PACKER, Asa, representative, was born in 
Groton, Conn., Dec. 29, 1805; son of Elisha and 
Desire (Packer) Packer, and grandson (matern- 
ally) of Joseph and Rebecca (Welles) Packer, 
His father and mother were cousins. Elisha 
Packer failed in business and the son had few 
educational advantages, working asa farmer and 
a carpenter. He was married Jan, 28, 1828, to 
Sarah M., daughter of Joseph Blakeslee of 
Springfield, Pa. In 1883 he removed to Mauch 
Chunk, Pa., and engaged with his brother, 
Robert W., in transporting coal to Philadelphia, 
and in mining, merchandising, boat building 
and canal construction. He was arepresentative 
in the Pennsylvania legislature, 1842-43 and 
thereafter irregularly for several terms; and 
associate judge of Carbon county, which county 
he was instrumental in forming, 1843-48. He 
owned a controlling interest in the Lehigh Valley 


PACKER 


railroad, was its president, 1851-79, and greatly 
extended its lines. Healsoowned the Bethlehem 
Iron Company works and was said to be the 
wealthiest man in Pennsylvania. He was a 
Democratic representative in the 83d and 34th 
congresses, 1853-57; a delegate to the Democratic 
national convention of 1868 and received the vote 
of the Pennsylvania delegates for President of 
the United States. He was the unsuccessful 
Democratic candidate for governor of Penn- 
sylvania in 1868. In 1865, after consulting with 
Bishop W. B. Stevens, he carried out a long 
cherished plan to found and endow Lehigh 
university at South Bethlehem, Pa., with 115 
acres of land and $500,000. At this 
time no sum so large had been 
proposed by a single individual for 
such a purpose. The buildings 
were also constructed by him, and 
the institution was incorporated % 
Feb. 9, 1866, formally opening Sept. 
1, 1866, with Bishop Stevens as the 
president of the board of trustees. At his death 
he left the university $1,500,000 for a permanent 
endowment and $500,000 to the library which 
made the institution self-sustaining. He built St. 
Luke’s hospital, South Bethlehem, and in his will 
endowed it with $300,000 with the single provision 
that the employees of the Lehigh Valley railroad 
should thereafter be cared for without charge. 
He also built and endowed several churches of 
various denominations, and his daughter and 
only surviving child, Mrs. Mary Packer Cum- 
mings, built a memorial church on the campus of 
Lehigh university to the memory of her family, 
which was dedicated Oct. 18, 1887. 
prominent in encouraging the commercial in- 
terests of Pennsylvania, and in 1876 was a 
commissioner to the Centennial exposition. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., May 17, 1879. 

PACKER, Horace Billings, representative, was 
born in Wellsboro, Pa., Oct. 11, 1851; son of Dr. 
Nelson and Mary (McDougall) Packer ; grandson 
of Capt. James Packer of Norwich, New York, 





and a descendant of James Packer of Groton, 


Conn, He attended Wellsboro academy and Al- 
fred university, N.Y., and studied law under 
Stephen F. Wilson and J. B. Niles. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar at Tioga county, Aug. 26, 1873; 


was district attorney of Tioga county, 1875-79; 
a Republican representative in the Pennsylvania — 


legislature for two terms, 1884-88, and senator, 
1888-92. 
conventions of 1893 and 1894, and was a repre- 
sentative from the sixteenth Pennsylvania dis- 
trict in the 55th and 56th congresses, 1897-1901. 
In 1901 he resumed the practice of law in Wells- 


boro, and engaged in the purchase and sale of 


timber and coal lands. 


[104] 


He was — 


i gen naire Pavia 


He presided over the Republican state — 





ae 


Mp Pela gy: RB ese! 





PACKER 


PACKER, John Black, representative, was 
born in Sunbury, Pa., March 21, 1824; son of 


Samuel Jones and Rachel (Black) Packer ; grand- , 


son of James and Rose (Mendenhall) Packer ; great 
grandson of Philip and Ann (Coates) Packer ; 
and great?-grandson of Philip Packer, who 
emigrated from England about 1700, settled near 
Princeton, N.J., and was married to Rebecca 
Jones, of Philadelphia. John attended the 
academy at Sunbury, and was attached to the 
state corps of engineers, 1839-42. He studied 
law with Ebenezer Greenough; was admitted to 
the bar in 1844, and practiced in Sunbury. He 
was deputy attorney-general of Pennsylvania, 
1845-48; district attorney of Northumberland 
county, 1849-50, and a representative in the state 
legislature, 1850-51. He was married May 22, 
1851, to Mary M., daughter of William Cameron, 
of Lewisburg, Pa. He wasa Republican represen- 
tative from the fourteenth Pennsylvania district 
in the 41st-44th congresses, 1869-77, and in 1876 
declined the appointment of postmaster-general 
of the United States, offered by President Grant. 
He died in Sunbury, Pa., July 7, 1891. 

PACKER, William Fisher, governor of Penn- 
sylvania, was born in Howard, Centre county, 
Pa., April 2, 1807; son of James and Charity 
(Bye) Packer; grandson of James and Rose 
(Mendenhall) Packer, and of Hezekiah and Sarah 
(Pettit) Bye, and a descendant of Philip and 
Ann (Coates) Packer. Philip Packer, an English 
Quaker, was among the first immigrants to West 
Jersey under the auspices of William Penn. His 
ancestors on both sides were Quakers. He at- 
tended the country school, and in 1820 apprenticed 
himself to his kinsman, Samuel J. Packer, editor 
of the Public Inquirer, at Sunbury, Pa. He worked 
in the office of the Patriot, at Bellefonte, Pa., and 
in the office of the Pennsylvania Intelligencer, pub- 
lished by Simon Cameron and David Krause, public 
printers at Harrisburg, where he remained until 
1827. He studied law in the office of Joseph B. 
Anthony at Williamsport, Pa., in 1827, and in 

the fall of that year purchased in connection 
with John Brandon the Lycoming Gazette, con- 
ducted jointly until 1829, when he continued it 
alone, 1829-36. He was married Dec. 24, 1829, to 
‘Mary W., daughter of Peter W. Vanderbilt, of 
Williamsport, Pa. He was a delegate to the 
Democratic national convention at Baltimore, 
Md., in 1835, and in 1836 united with O. Barrett 

_ and Benjamin Parke in establishing The Keystone, 
at Harrisburg, which became the organ of the 
emocratic party in that state, and from which 
he retired in 1841. He was a member of the 
board of canal commissioners, 1839-41 ; auditor- 
general of the state, 1842-45; a representative in 
the state legislature, 1847-48, and speaker of that 
body both terms. He was a state senator, 1849- 


PADDOCK 


51; introducing and carrying through the bill to 
incorporate the Susquehanna railroad company, 
the beginning of railroad connections with Balti- 
more, Md. He was made president of the Sus- 
quehanna railroad company on its organization 
in June 1852, and upon its consolidation under 
the title of the Northern Central railway 
company, continued as a member of the board 
of directors. He managed the Lake Shore 
railroad from 1854 until its difficulties were set- 
tled, and was a delegate to the Democratic na- 
tional convention at Cincinnati, Ohio, June 2, 
1856, when he urged the nomination of James 
Buchanan. He was governor of Pennsylvania, 
1858-61, and strongly opposed the 
of the southern states. He died in Williamsport, 
Pa., Sept. 27, 1870. 

PADDOCK, Algernon Sidney, senator, was 
born in Glens Falls, N.Y., Nov. 9, 18380; son of 
Tra A. and Lucinda (Wells) Paddock ; grandson 
“of Joseph Williamson Paddock, of Connecticut, 
and a descendant of John Faunce and Governor 
Bradford. He attended the academy at Glens 
Falls, N.Y., studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in Nebraska territory in 1857. He was 
married in 1859, to Emma L., daughter of Daniel 
and Lucinda (Perry) Mack, of Connecticut. He 
settled in practice in Omaha; was an unsuccess- 
ful candidate for the territorial legislature in 
1858, and a delegate to the first Republican terri- 
torial convention in 1859. He was a delegate to 
the Republican national convention at Chicago, 
May 16, 1860; secretary of the territory by ap- 
pointment from President Lincoln, 1861-67, most 
of the time acting as governor. He wasdelegate 
to the Republican national convention of 1864; 
defeated as an Independent Republican candidate 
for representative in the 40th congress in 1866; 
declined the appointment of governor of Wyo- 
ming territory in 1868; removed to Beatrice, 
where he engaged in manufacturing and agricul- 
tural pursuits, and was elected to the U.S. senate 
by both Republican and Democratic votes, serv- 
ing 1875-81. He was defeated by Charles H. 
Van Wyck in 1881; was a member of the Utah 
commission, 1882-86, and was re-elected to the 
U.S. senate for the term, 1887-93, where he was 
chairman of the committee on agriculture and 
forestry. Paddock, the county seat of Holt 
county, was named in his honor in 1875. He 
died in Beatrice, Neb., Oct. 17, 1897. 

PADDOCK, Benjamin Henry, fourth bishop of 
Massachusetts and 102d in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born in Norwich, Conn., 
Feb. 28, 1828; son of the Rev. Seth B. Paddock, 
rector of Christ church, Norwich, Conn. He was 
graduated at Trinity college, A.B., 1848, A.M., 
1851, taught in the Episcopal academy at Ches- 
hire Conn., 1848, and was graduated at the Gen- 


secession 


[105] 


PADDOCK 


eral Theological seminary in 1852. He was ad- 
mitted to the diaconate at, Christ church, Strat- 
Conn., by Bishop Brownell, June 29, 
and was ordained priest at Trinity 
chureh, Norwich, Conn., Sept. 27, 1853, by 
Bishop Williams. He assistant at the 
Chureh of the Epiphany, New York city, 
1852-53; rector of St. Luke’s church, Portland, 
Me., for three months in 1853 ; of Trinity church, 
Norwich, Conn., 1853-60, and of Christ church, 
Detroit, Mich., 1860-69. He was elected mission- 
ary bishop of Oregon and Washington Territory 
by the house of bishops in 1868, but declined, and 
was rector of Grace church, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1869- 
73. He was elected bishop of Massachusetts to 
succeed Bishop Eastburn, who died Sept. 12, 
1872, and was consecrated in Grace church, 
Brooklyn, N.Y., Sept. 17, 1878, by Bishops Smith, 
Lee, Williams, Stevens, Littlejohn and Hunting- 
ton. He was married to Anna Page, daughter of 
Col. Sanger, U.S.A. The Bishop Paddock lec- 
tureship, founded in 1880 by Mr. George A. Jar- 
vis in the General Theological seminary, was 
named for him by the founder, and he was to 
have been the eleventh lecturer in 1891, but died 
before the date appointed. He received the de- 
gree D.D. from Trinity college in 1867, was cura- 
tor there, 1870-91, and a member of the board of 
visitors, 1873-91. He contributed to reviews and 
periodicals, and is the author of: Ten Years in 
the Episcopate (1883); The First Century of the 
Protestant Episcopal Chureh in Massachusetts 
(1885); The Pastoral Relation, and canonical 
digests. He died in Boston, Mass., March 9, 1891. 

PADDOCK, John Adams, first bishop of Olym- 
pia and 127th in succession in the American 
episcopate, was born in Norwich, Conn., Jan. 19, 
1825; son of the Rev. Seth Birdsey and Emily 
(Flagg) Paddock, and elder brother of the Rt. 
Rev. Benjamin Henry 
Paddock (q. v.) He 
was graduated at 
Trinity college in 1845 
and at the General 
Theological seminary 
in 1849 ; was admitted 
to the diaconate July 
& 22, 1849; advanced to 
Ni the priesthood April 
}. 80, 1850 ; was rector of 
’ Christ church, Strat- 
ford, Conn., 1849-55, 
and of St. Peter's 
church, Brooklyn, N. 
Y., 1855-80. He was 
married A pril 23.1856, 
to Frances Chester, daughter of Patrick and Alada 
(Thurston) Fanning, who died April 29, 1881. He 
was a member of the standing committee of the 


ford, 
1852, 


was 





[106] 


PAGE 


diocese of Long Island from its organization, 
1868-80, and also served on the foreign commit- 
tee of the Board of Missions. He was elected first 
missionary bishop of Washington in 1880 and 
was consecrated at Brooklyn, N.Y., Dec. 15, 1880, — 
by Bishops Smith, Lee, Potter, Stevens, Tuttle, 
Paddock, Scarborough, Penick and Seymour. 
He founded several church and charitable institu- 
tions, among them the Fannie C. Paddock memo- 
rial hospital, Tacoma, and the Annie Wright 
Seminary for Girls, Tacoma, at a cost of $60,000, 
for which he obtained an endowment of $100,000. 
His jurisdiction was divided and his title changed 
to bishop of Olympia in 1892. He received the 
degree D.D. from Trinity college in 1870. He is 
the author of History of Christ Church, Strat- 
ford, Conn. (1854) and of sermons, addresses — 
and reports. He died at Santa Barbara, Cal., 
March 4, 1894, and is buried at Tacoma, Wash.” 

PADELFORD, Seth, governor of Rhode 
Island, was born at Taunton, Mass., Oct. 3, 1807; 
son of John and Mary (Heath) Padelford, and a 
descendant of Jonathan Padelford, the English — 
immigrant. He attended the common schools of 
Taunton; was employed in 
a wholesale grocery store at 
Providence and later estab- 
lished himself in business. 
He wasa member of the city 
council, 1837-41 and 1851-52 ; 
a member of the city school 
committee, 1837-41, 1851-53 
and 1864-73 ; a representative in the state legis- 
lature, 1852-53; lieutenant-governor of Rhode 
Island, 1868-65; was presidential elector on the 
Grant ticket in 1868, and was elected the twenty- 
seventh governor of Rhode Island in 1869 to 
succeed Ambrose E. Burnside, serving by repeated 
re-elections until 1873. He was one of the com- 
missioners of the sinking fund of Providence 
1873-77 ;, was vice-president of the New-England 
Emigrant Aid society ; a director of the Provi- 
dence Athenzum; a member of the R.I. 
Historical society and of many charitable socie- 
ties. He was twice married, first, Oct. 19, 1884, to 
Louisa Rhodes and secondly, Oct. 2, 1845, to Mary 
(Barton) Pierce. He died in Providence, R. I. 
Aug. 26, 1878. 

PAGE, Carroll Smalley, governor of Ver- 
mont, was born in Westfield, Vt., Jan. 10, 1843; 
son of Russell Smith and Martha Melvina 
(Smalley) Page: grandson of Francisand Martha 
(Hyde) Smalley and of James and Hannah 
(Cheney) Page, and a descendant of William — 
Page of Derry, New Hampshire, and of Capt. 
Jedediah Hyde of Norwich, Conn. He attended — 
the Lamoille county grammar school, Johnson, 
Vt., People’s academy, Morrisville, Vt., and La- 
moille Central academy, Hyde Park, Vt., and 











PAGE 


engaged in business, becoming an extensive 
dealer in raw calfskin. He was married in 1865 
to Ellen Frances, daughter of Theophilus and 
Desdemona Patch of Johnson, Vt. He was a 
representative from Hyde Park in the state legis- 
lature, 1869-72; state senator, 1874-76; county 
treasurer and register of the probate court ten 
years ; a member of the Vermont Republican State 
committee, 1872-90, and its chairman, 1884-90 ; 
delegate to the Republican national convention 
of 1880; inspector of finance of savings banks, 
1884-88, and was elected the forty-third governor 
of Vermont to succeed William Paul Dillingham, 
in 1890, serving till 1892. The honorary degree 
of LL.D. was conferred on him by Norwich uni- 
versity in 1894. 

PAGE, Horace Francis, representative, was 
born in Orleans county, N.Y., Oct. 20, 1833. He 
~ attended the common schools of the county and in 
1854 removed:to California where he engaged in 
business as a stage proprietor and mail contractor 
at Placerville. He was unanimously nominated 
for state senator by the Republican convention 
of El Dorado county, but was defeated. He was 
a Republican representative from the second 
district of California in the 43d-47th congresses, 
1873-83, and was defeated in1883 by James H. 
Budd of Stockton, Democrat. 

_ PAGE, Hugh Nelson, naval officer, was born 
at North End, Gloucester (now Matthews) coun- 
ty, Va., Sept. 1788; son of John and Elizabeth 
(Burwell) Page ; grandson of the Hon. John and 
Jane (Byrd) Page; and of the Hon. Mann and 
Judith (Carter) Page, and a descendant of Col. 
John and Alice (Luckin) Page. He entered the 
U.S. navy as a midshipman, Sept. 1, 1811, and 
the same year was ordered to Commodore 
Chauncey’s squadron on Lake Ontario, but later 
joined Commodore Perry on Lake Erie, respond- 
ing to the call for volunteers. He received a wound 
in the hand at the battle of Lake Erie, and had 
the honor of bearing to Gen. W. H. Harrison 
Commodore Oliver H. Perry’s famous dispatch. 
Young Page was 
voted a sword by 


ies) congress, and another 
Shoense enw Gop. = 
by the state of Vir- 


Se fA on S- ginia. He took part 
OMT"Y in the operations 
against Fort Mackinaw, and in the Mexican 
war against Monterey. He was promoted lieu- 
tenant 1, April 1818 ; commander, Feb. 28, 1838 ; 
captain, May 29, 1850; was placed on the reserve 
list, Sept. 13, 1855, and resigned his commission, 
April 19, 1861. He married first, in November, 
1838, Imogen, daughter of Guy Wheeler, and 
Secondly, duly. 13. 1848. Elizabeth P.. daughter 
of Holt Wilson, of Portsmouth, Va. He died in 
Norfolk, Va., June 3, 1871. 


Cf heuonal Re haem a Dhy ore) curt 
un Skips, We gun Crees 


PAGE 


PAGE, John, governor of Virginia, was born 
at ‘* Rosewell,” Gloucester county, Va., April 17, 
1744; son of Mann and Mary Mason (Selden) 
Page; grandson of Mann (1691-1730) and Judith 
(Carter) Page; great-grandson of Matthew Page 
(1659-1708), and great 2 grandson of John (1627- 
1692) and Alice(Luckin) Page. He was graduated 
from the College of William and Mary in 1763, 
and was married about 1765 to Frances Burwell. 
He was a member of the house of burgesses; of 
the colonial council, and the 
committee of safety, contri- _ ey i 
buting liberally to the prose- £/ & 
cution of the Revolutionary £ 
war; a delegate to the state ®| 
constitutional convention of &\ 
July, 1776 ; lieutenant-govern- 
or of the commonwealth; a 
representative from the seventh district of Vir- 
ginia in the 1st-4th congresses, 1789-97; a Jefferson 
elector in 1801, and governor of Virginia, succeed- 
ing James Monroe,1802-05. Being constitutionally 
ineligible for re-election in 1805 he was succeeded 
by William H. Cabell. He was U.S. commissioner 
of loans for Virginia by appointment of President 
Jefferson, 1805-08 ; and a visitor to the College of 
William and Mary, appointed in 1776. At one 
time he was urged to take orders in the church, 
his friends desiring that he should become the 
first bishop of Virginia. He is the author of: 
Addresses to the People (1796 and 1799). He 
died in Richmond, Va., Oct. 11, 1808. 

PAGE, John, governor of New Hampshire, 
was born in Haverhill, N.H., May 27, 1787; son 
of John and Hannah (Rice) Green Page, and 
grandson of the Rev. Samuel Rice of Landaff, 
N.H. His father was a native of Lunenburg, 
Mass., who removed to Rindge, N.H., with his 
parents in 1762, and finally settled in Haverhill, 
Mass. John Page was prepared for college but 
did not enter, owing to his father’s financial 
embarrassment which forced him to engage in 
farming. He was married in 1812 to Hannah, 
daughter of Nathaniel Merrill of North Haver- 
hill, Mass. He was appointed assistant U.S. 
tax assessor for Grafton county in 1813, and 
assessor in 1815; was a representative in the New 
Hampshire legislature, 1818-20 and in 1835, and 
register of deeds for Grafton county, 1828-34, 
with the exception of one year. He was elected 
to the state council in March, 1836, and in the 
following June to the U.S. senate as a Democrat 
to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
Isaac Hill, and served until the close of Senator 
Hill’s term, March 3, 1837. He was re-elected to 
the state council in 1888, and was governor of 
the state, 1839-42. He took an active part in 
buikling the Boston, Concord & Montreal rail- 
road. He died in Concord, N.H., Sept. 8, 1865. 







[107] 


PAGE 


PAGE, John Boardman, governor of Vermont, 
was born in Rutland, Vt., Feb. 25, 1826; son of 
William and Cynthia(Hickok) Page. He attended 
the public schools and Burr & Burton seminary, 
and was employed in the bank at Rutland in 
1842, succeeding his father as cashier and 
becoming president of the 
National bank of Rutland. 
He was interested in several 
railroad and transportation 
enterprises, as director, trus- 
tee and vice-president. He 
was treasurer of the Howe 
Scale Co.; a representative 
in the state legislature, 1852--54 and 1880, and state 
treasurer, 1860-66, distributing nearly four mil- 
lions of dollars for military expenses. He was 
elected the thirty-first governor of Vermont 
in 1867 to succeed Paul Dillingham, and served 
till 1869. He died in Rutland, Vt., Oct. 24, 1885. 

PAGE, Mann, delegate, was born at ‘* Rose- 
well,” Gloucester (now Matthews) county, Va., 
about 1749; eldest son of Mann and Ann Corbin 
(Tayloe) Page; grandson of Mann and Judith 
(Carter) Page, and of the Hon. Matthew and 
Mary (Mann) Page, and a descendant of Col. 
John and Alice (Luckin) Page. He was a half 
brother of Gov. John Page. He was graduated 
at the College of William and Mary ; removed to 
Mansfield, Spottsylvania county, and was a 
delegate from Virginia to the Continental con- 
gress in 1777, with Thomas Jefferson, Thomas 
Nelson and George Wythe. He was married, in 
1776, to Mary, daughter of John Tayloe of 
Fredericksburg, Va. He died at Mansfield, Va., 
but the date could not be ascertained. 

PAGE, Richard Channing Moore, physician, 
was born at Turkey Hill, Albemarle county, Va., 
Jan. 2, 1841; son of Dr. Mann and Jane Frances 
(Walker) Page; grandson of Maj. Carter and 
Mary (Cary) Page, and of Col. Francis and Jane 
(Byrd) Walker, and a descendant of Col. John 
and Alice (Luckin) Page. He attended the 
University of Virginia, 1860-61; entered the 
Confederate artillery in July 1861, and was 
promoted captain in April 1862. He commanded 
a battery in the principal battles of the Army of 
Northern Virginia and received a severe wound 
at Gettysburg. He was promoted major and 
assigned to duty as chief of artillery on the staff 
of Gen. John C. Breckinridge in October 1864, 
where he served until the close of the war. He 
was graduated M.D. from the University of 
Virginia in 1867, and from the University of the 
City of New York in 1868. He was house 
physician in Bellevue hospital, New York, house 
surgeon in the Woman’s hospital, New York, 
and professor of general medicine and diseases of 
the chest in the New York Polyclinic, 1885-98. 





PAGE 


He was vice-president of the New York Academy 
of Medicine and an active member of other 
medical and scientific societies. He was married 
April 380, 1874, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of 
Stephen Fitch of Norwich, Conn., and widow of 
the Hon. R. H. Winslow of Westport, Conn. 
He contributed to the New York Medical Record 
and other periodicals, and is the author of: 
Genealogy of the Page Family in Virginia (1882); 
Sketch of Page’s Buttery, Jackson’s Corps, Lee's 
Army (1885); Chart on the Diseases of the Chest, 
Chart of Physical Diagnosis (1885), and Practice 
of Medicine. He died in New York, June 19, 1898. 

PAGE, Richard Lucian, naval officer, was 
born in Fairfield, Clark county, Va., Dec. 20, 
1807; son of William Byrd and Anne (Lee) 
Page ; grandson of Mann and Mary Mason (Selden) 
Page and of Richard Henry and Anne H. 


(Carter) Lee, and a descendant of Col. John and 


Alice (Luckin) Page of Williamsburg, 1650. He 
attended the common schools of Clark county, 
and Alexandria, Va., and entered the U.S. navy 
in 1824. In 1861 he resigned from the Federal 
service and entered the Confederate army. He 


was appointed brigadier-general in 1863; took _ 


part in the fight at Port Royal and commanded 
Fort Morgan in Mobile bay at the time of its fall. 
In 1865 he retired to civil life and removed to 
Norfolk, Va. He was married Nov. 4, 1841, to 
Alexina, daughter of Richard and Elizabeth 
(Calvert) Taylor of Norfolk. He is the author 
of : The Defense of Fort Morgan in “ Battles and 
Leaders of the Civil War,” Vol. IV., pp. 408-10. 
He died at Blue Ridge, Summit, Pa., Aug. 9, 1901. 

PAGE, Thomas Jefferson, naval officer, was 
born at Shelley, Gloucester (now Matthews) 
county, Va., Jan. 8, 1808; son of Mann and Eliza- 
beth (Nelson) Page; grandson of Gov. Johnand 
Frances (Burwell) Page ; and of Gen. Thomas 
and Fannie Tinker (Houston) Nelson of York- 
town, Va., and a descendant of Col. John and 
Alice (Luckin) Page. He entered the U.S. navy 
as midshipman Oct. 1, 1827; was promoted lieu- 
tenant, June 10, 1833, and captain, Sept. 14, 1855. 
He was married Nov. 8, 1839, to Benjamina, 
daughter of Benjamin Price of Loudoun county, 
Va. For several years he was employed on the 
coast survey, and later he sailed around the world 
in the Dolphin. On his return he suggested a 
plan for the survey of the China seas, for which 
congress made an appropriation, and in 1852, 
when John P. Kennedy became secretary of the 
navy and the expedition was enlarged, Com. 
Matthew Perry being appointed to the command, 
Lieut. Page was offered the second place, which 
he declined. He was given command of an 
expedition for the exploration of the tributaries: 
of the Rio de la Plata and adjacent countries, in 
1853. While pursuing his mission he returned a 


[108] 


| 


| 


| 


ea ie a 





PAGE 


shot in response to one fired upon his ship, the 
Water Witch, from a Paraguayan fort on the 
Paraua river in February, 1855, the affair resulting 
in the loss of onesailor, killed, for which the U.S, 
government secured reparation in January, 1859. 
He returned to the United States in May, 1856. 
His surveys were completed in 1860, turning his 
charts, notes, and journals over to the navy de- 
partment. He resigned his commission April 18, 
1861, on the secession of Virginia. He was offered 
an admiral’s commission in the Italian navy to 
aid in its reorganization in 1861, but declined 
and entered the Confederate service. He com- 
manded the heavy batteries at Gloucester Point 
on the York river, and engaged in building gun 
boats at West Point, Va., which he burned upon 
the surrender and retreat from Yorktown. He 
was commisioned commodore in 1862, and sent 
to England to take command of an iron clad 
then being built inthe Mersey river. This vessel, 
however, was seized by the English government 
under threat of war from the U.S. minister, 
whereupon he took command of a small iron-clad 
at Copenhagen, Denmark, which he renamed 
Stonewull. This also being seized in a Spanish 
harbor, thereby cutting off his services to the 
Confederate States,he went to Argentine Republic 
and engaged in exploration. He was afterward 


-associated with ex-President Uzquiza in sheep 


and cattle raising. Subsequently he went to 
England to superintend the construction of two 
iron-clads and two gun-boats for the Argentine 
navy, in which institution his som was a fleet 
captain, and engaged in extending the explora- 
tion of the tributaries of the Plata. In 1880 he 
took up his residence in Florence, Italy. He is 
the author of : La Plata: the Argentine Confed- 
eration and Paraguay (1859); describing 38600 
miles of river, navigation and exploration on 
land extending over 4400 miles. He dicd in Rome, 
Italy, Oct. 26, 1899. 

PAGE, Thomas Nelson, author, was born at 
Oakland, Hanover county, Va., April 23, 1853 ; 
son of Maj. John and Elizabeth Burwell (Nelson) 
Page; grandson of Francis and Susan (Nelson) 
Page, and of Thomas and Judith Nelson, and a 
descendant of Col. John and Alice (Luckin) Page 
of the county of York in Virginia. He was 


brought up on the family plantation, attended 


ae # 


a Yale in 1901, 


_ Washington and Lee university for three sessions, 


taught school in Kentucky for one year and was 
graduated at the University of Virginia, LL.B., 
in 1874. He practised law at Richmond, 1875-93, 
when he removed to Washington, D.C. He re- 
ceived the honorary degree of Litt. D. from Wash- 
ington and Lee university in 1887, of LL.D. from 
Tulane university in 1899, and of Litt. D. from 
He was married in 1886 to Anne 
Seddon Bruce, who died in 1888; and secondly, in 


PAGE 


1893, to Florence Lathrop, widow of Henry Field 
of Chicago, Ill. He devoted his leisure to literary 
work, and is the author of : In Ole Virginia, Marse 
Chan and Other Sto- 
ries (1887); Two Little 
Confederates (1888); 
Befo’ De War (with 
Armistead C. Gordon, 
1890); On Newfound 
River (1891); Among 
the Camps (1891); 
Elsket and Other Sto- 
ries (1891); The Old 
South : Essays, Social 
and Historical (1892); 
Pastime Stories (1894); 
The Burial of the | 

Guns (1895); The Old ¥Z 

Gentleman of the Latin Hige 
Black Stock (1896); 

Social Life in Old Virginia (1897); Two Prisoners 
(1898); Red Rock, A Chronicle of Reconstruction 
(1898); Santa Claus’ Partner (1899). 

PAGE, Walter Hines, editor, was born in 
Cary, Wake county, N.C., Aug. 15, 1855; son of 
Allison F, and Katharine (Raboteau) Page 
grandson of Anderson Page, and a descendant of 
the Page family in Virginia. He attended the 
Bingham, N.C., military school; was graduated 
from Randolph-Macon college. Va., in 1876; was 
a fellow in Greek at Johns Hopkins university 
under Dr. Gildersleeve, 1876-78; and was a 
teacher at the Boys’ High school, Louisville, Ky., 
1878-79. He was editor of the St. Joseph, Mis- 
souri, Daily Gazette, 1880-81; later became book 
reviewer and editorial writer on the New York 
World, and returning to North Carolina founded 
the State Chronicle, at Raleigh, which he edited 
until 1883, when he was engaged on the staff of the 
New York Evening Post. He was manager of 
the Forum, 1887-91 ; its editor, 1891-95; literary 
adviser of Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1895-99; 
editor of the Atlantic Monthly,1896-99,and became 
editor of The World’s Work in November, 1899. 
He was a member of the publishing house of 
Doubleday, Page & Co., of New York city, and of 
the University club,in New York. He is the 
author of The Rebuilding of Old Commonwealths, 
a book of essays toward the better training of 
the masses of the population of the Southern 
States (1902). 

PAGE, William, painter, was born in Albany, 
N.Y., Jan. 23, 1811. His parents removed to 
New York city in 1819, and in 1821 he received a 
premium from the American Institute for a 
drawing in India ink. Heentered upon the study 
of law in the office of Frederick De Peyster in 
1825, but soon left and apprenticed himself to 
James Herring, the portrait painter, with whom 





[109] 


PAINE 


he remained nearly a year. He next became 
the pupil of Samuel I’. B. Morse through whom 
he was admitted as a student at the National 
Academy of Design, where he received a silver 
medal for his drawings from the antique. He 
settled in Albany, N.Y., as a portrait painter ; 
removed to New York city in 1831, was elected a 
member of the National Academy of Design, in 
1836, and painted the portrait of Gov. William L. 
Marcy for the New York City Hall, and that of 
John Quincy Adams, for Faneuil Hall, Boston, 
Mass. He resided in Boston, 1844-47, where he 
painted a large number of portraits ; returned to 
New York in the latter year, and in 1849 went to 
Europe, spending his time chiefly in Florence and 
Rome, where he painted the portraits of many 
distinguished persons, including Robert and Eliza- 
beth Barrett Browning, and Hiram Powers. He 
also produced his two ‘‘ Venuses”; ‘ Moses and 
Aaron on Mount Horeb”; the ‘Flight into 
Egypt,” and the “Infant Bacchus.” He made 
a study of the works of Titian, whose method 
of painting he professed to have discovered, and 
his copies were so admirable that one of them was 
seized by the authorities at Florence, under the 
belief that it was the original painting. He re- 
turned to New York in 1860, resided at Eagle- 
wood, near Perth Amboy, N.J., for four years, 
and then built a house on Staten Island. Hewas 
president of the National Academy of Design, 
1871-73, and in 1874 visited Germany to study 
the supposed death-mask of Shakespeare, from 
which he produced a bust and several portraits. 
He delivered several courses of lectures on art; 
was known as anexperimenter in colors, and pub- 
lished a New Geometrical Method of Measuring 
the Human Figure (1860). His work includes: 
The Holy Family (1837); The Last Interview 
(1838); portraits of Henry Ward Beecher, Wen- 
dell Phillips, Charles P. Daly (1848), owned by the 
New York Historical society ; James Russell 
Lowell, Gov. Reuben E. Fenton (1870); Charlotte 
Cushman (1880); General Grant (1880); Thomas 
Le Clear (1883): and Charles Sumner, incomplete 
(#885); Head of Christ (1870); Cupid (1880); and 
Ruth and Naomi. Healso executed a full-length 
painting of Admiral Farragut at the battle of 
Mobile Bay, which was presented to the Russian 
government in 1871. He died in Tottenville, 
Staten Island, N.Y., Oct. 1, 1885. 

PAINE, Albert Bigelow, editor, was born in 
New Bedford, Mass., July 10, 1861; son of Samuel 
E. and Mercy C. (Kirby) Paine; grandson of 
Elija and Cynthia (Brown) Paine, and of Nicho- 
las and (Ellis) Kirby, and a descendant 
of Stephen Paine, who came to America in 1638. 
He attended the public schools of Xenia, Il., and 
devoted himself to literary work. He contributed 
rhymes and stories to Scribner's, Century and 


PAINE 


other magazines, and became editor of the chil- 
dren’s department of the New York Herald in 
1898. He accepted the editorship of the League 
department of the St. Nicholas Magazine in June, 
1899. He is the author of: Rhymes by Two 
Friends, with William Allen White (1893); The 
Mystery of Eveline Delorme (1894); Gobolinks, 
with Ruth McEnery Stuart (1896); The Dumpies 
(1897); The Hollow Tree (1898); The Arkansaw 
Bear (1898): The Deep Woods (1899); The Beacon 
Prize Medals (1899); The Bread Line (1900); The 
Little Lady—Her Book (1901); The Van-Dwellers 
(1901); The Great White Way (1901). 

PAINE, Charles, governor of Vermont, was 
born in Williamstown, Vt., April 15,1799 ; son of 
Judge Elijah and Sarah (Porter) Paine, and’ 
grandson of Seth Paine, and of John Porter. He 
was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1820, A.M., 
1823, and engaged in manufacturing with his 
father. He was elected by the Whig party gov- 
ernor of Vermont in 1840, serving, 1841-43. As 
such he wasinfluential in securing the construc- 
tion of the Vermont Central railroad. He was af- 
terward alsoconnected with the Southern Pacific 
railroad, and went to Texas in the interests of that 
road. He gave to Northfield academy the land 
on which it was built, apparatus and $500 in 
money. He built the Congregational church at 
Depot village, Vt.; bequeathed to the Roman 
Catholic congregation of the village the land for 
its church, and was a lberal benefactor of the 
University of Vermont and other institutions of 
learning. He died in Waco, Texas, July 6, 1853. 

PAINE, Charles Jackson, soldier, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Aug. 26, 1833: son of Charles 
Cushing and Fanny Cabot (Jackson) Paine; 
grandson of Judge Charles Jackson of the Massa- 
chusetts supreme court, and great-grandson of 
Robert Treat Paine, signer. He attended the 
Boston Latin school and was graduated from 
Harvard, A.B., 1853, A.M., 1856. He studied law 
in the office of Rufus Choate in Boston, Mass.; 
was admitted to the bar in 1856, and practiced 
law until 1861. He was commissioned captain in 
the 22d Massachusetts volunteer infantry, Oct. 6, 
1861; major of the 80th Massachusetts infantry, 
Jan. 14, 1862, and colonel of the 2d Louisiana 
regiment, Oct. 2, 1862. He commanded the first 
brigade 19th army corps at Port Hudson, after 
the death of Col. E. P. Chapin, May 24-July 8, 
1863 ; resigned the command, March 4, 1864, and 
joined General Butler’s Army of the James, com- 
manding the 1st division, 25th army corps, all 
colored troops, at Petersburg; was promoted 
brigadier-general of volunteers, July 4, 1864, and 
led his division of colored troops in the attack on 
New Market Road, Va., Sept. 29, 1864. He also 
took part in the capture of Fort Fisher, Jan. 15, _ 
1865, where he commanded the 3d division 25th 


[110] 





and brigadier-general, 1845-48. 


the state legislature of Illinois, 1853-54. 


PAINE 


army corps, and was brevetted major-general of 
volunteers, Jan. 15, 1865. He served under Gen- 
eral Sherman in North Carolina in command of 
the 8d division 10th army corps, and after the 
surrender of General Johnston was placed in 
command of the district of Newbern until No- 
vember, 1865. He was mustered out of the vol- 
unteer service, Jan. 15, 1866. After 1866 he 
was connected with the management of railroad 
corporations, and was for many years a direc- 
tor of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, the 
Mexican Central and the Atchison, Topeka and 
Santa Fé railroads. He was married March 26, 
1867, to Julia, daughter of John and Mary Anna 
(Lee) Bryant. He headed the syndicate of 
yachtsmen that built the sloop-yacht Puritan in 
1885, and successfully defended the cup from the 
British sloop Genesta. He later became sole owner 
of the Puritan. In 1886 he built the Muyflower 
which defeated the Galatea, and in 1887 the Volun- 
teer which outsailed the Thistle. These yachts 
were designed by Edward Burgess. In February, 
1888, the New York Yacht club, of which he was 


a member, presented him with a silver-cup in 


recognition of his triple defence of America’s 
cup. In 1897 President McKinley appointed hin, 
together with Edward O. Wolcott and Adlai E. 
Stevenson, a special envoy to Great Britain, 
France and Germany, with a view to securing by 
international agreement a fixity of relative value 
between gold and silver as money. 

PAINE, Eleazer A., soldier, was born in Park- 
map, Geauga county, Ohio, Sept. 10, 1815; son of 
Hendrick E. and Harriet (Ellsworth) Paine ; 


grandson of Eleazerand Anne (Ellsworth) Paine, | 


and a descendant of Stephen Paine, of Hingham, 
Mass. He was graduated from the U.S. Military 
academy in 1839, and promoted 2d leutenant, Ist 
infantry, July 1, 1889. He served on General Tay- 
lor’s staff in the Florida war, 1839-40, and resigned 
his commission in the U.S. army, Oct. 11, 1840. 
He was U.S. deputy marshal for Ohio, 1842-45 ; 
lieutenant-colonel in the Ohio militia, 1842-45, 
He practised 
law in Painesville, Ohio, 1843-48, and in Mon- 
mouth, Ill., 1848-61, and was a representative in 
He was 
commissioned colonel of the 9th Illinois volun- 
teer regiment, July 3, 1861. He commanded a 
brigade at Paducah, Ky., Sept. 27-Dec. 24, 1861, 
and at Cairo, Ill., January-February, 1862; was 
in command of the 4th division of Pope’s army 
in the operations against New Madrid, Island No. 


10, Fort Pillow and Memphis, in March and April 
1862, and in the attack, and siege of Corinth in 


May 1862. He was on leave of absence, July 13, 
to Aug. 12, 1862; was in command of his divi- 
sion under Rosecrans, and was by him sent to 


‘Strengthen Buell’s army ; was subsequently in 


PAINE 


command of the district of west Tennessee, Au- 
gus:-September, 1862; of Gallatin, Tenn., and of 
the district of Western Kentucky, July 18-Sept. 
11, 1864, and on waiting orders September, 1864, to 
April, 1865. He resigned his commission April 
5, 1865. After the war he engaged in business. 
He died in Jersey City, N.J., Dec. 16, 1882. 

PAINE, Elijah, senator, was born in Brook- 
lyn, Conn., Jan. 21, 1757; son of Seth and Mabel 
(Tyler) Paine, and grandson of Seth Paine of 
Pomfret, Conn. He entered Harvard college in 
1774, left to enter the American army, and 
was graduated A.B., 1781, A.M., 1788. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1784; removed to Wind- 
sor, Vt., where, besides conducting a law busi- 
ness, he cultivated a farm. He subsequently 
opened a settlement at Williamstown, where he es- 
tablished a broadcloth factory employing 200 men, 
erected a saw and grist mill, and built a turnpike 
to Montpelier at a cost of $10,000, which he pre- 
sented to the state. He had at one time a flock 
of 1500 merino sheep on his farm, besides im- 
proved breeds of horses and cattle. He was a 
member and secretary of the convention to re- 
vise the state constitution in 1786, and was ap- 
pointed a commissioner to settle and close the 
controversy between Vermont and New York in 
1789. He was a representative in the Vermont 
legislature, 1787-1791 ; was judge of the superior 
court of Vermont, 1791-94; was elected to the 
U.S. senate by the Federalist legislature as suc- 
cessor to Stephen R. Bradley, taking his seat 
Dec. 7, 1795, serving till March 3, 1801, and was 
judge of the United States district court of Ver- 
mont, 1801-42. He was married, June 7, 1790, to 
Sarah, daughter of John Porter, a lawyer of Ply- 
mouth, N.H., and had four sons : Martyn (q.v.); 
Elijah (q.v.); Charles (q.v.), and George, a law- 
yer, who removed to Marsellon, Ohio, and died 
aged twenty-nine years. He was a member of 
the American Antiquarian society, a fellow of 
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 
president of the Vermont Colonization society ; 
a charter trustee of Middlebury college, 1800-09, 
a trustee of Dartmouth college, 1806-29, and a lib- 
eral benefactor of the University of Vermont. 
The honorary degree of A.B. was conferred upon 
him by Dartmouth in 1786 and that of LL.D. by 
Harvard in 1812 and by the University of Ver- 
mont in 1825. He made the speech of welcome 
when Lafayette visited Vermont. He died in 
Williamstown, Vt., April 28, 1842. 

PAINE, Ephraim, delegate, was born in Can- 
terbury, Conn., Aug. 19, 1780; son of Joshua and 
Rebecea (Sparrow) Paine; grandson of Thomas 
and Hannah (Shaw) Paine and of Jonathan Spar- 
row, and a descendant of Thomas Paine, the im- 
migrant, who settled in Eastham, Mass. Joshua 
Paine removed to Nine Partners, N.Y., and Eph- 


[111] 


PAINE 


raim became the manager of a large farm. He 
also studied medicine with Dr. John Adams, and 
practiced for a time in Amenia. He was a dele- 
gate to the Provincial congress of 1775, and was 
prominent during the Revolutionary struggle. 
He was county judge, 1778-81; a member of the 
council of appointment in 1780; a state senator, 
1780-84, and a delegate to the Continental con- 
gress, 1784-85, where he proposed that the num- 
ber of commissioners appointed to negotiate with 
the Indians be reinforced by one, and that the 
sum of $8.000 be presented to Baron Steuben. 
This latter bill failed in its passage, but was 
afterward affirmed and the sum increased to 
810,000. He was married, first, to Elizabeth 
Harris of Amenia, and, secondly, to Martha 
Thompson. He diedin Amenia, N.Y.,Aug. 10,1785. 

PAINE, Halbert Eleazer, lawyer, was born 
in Chardon, Geauga county, Ohio, Feb. 4, 1826 ; 
son of Eleazer and Jane Caroline (Hoyt) Paine ; 
grandson of Eleazer and Anna (Elsworth) Paine 
and of Noah and Rhoda (Waters) Hoyt, and a 
descendant of Stephen Paine, who emigrated 
from Norfolk county, England, in the ship Dili- 
gent in 1638, and settled in Hingham, Mass., and 
in 1643, in Seekonk, now Rehoboth, Mass. He 
was a miller by trade; a delegate to the general 
court, and with others bought the land from the 
Indians on which Attleboro, Mass., is situated. 
Halbert Eleazer Paine was graduated at Western 
Reserve college, A.B., 1845, A.M., 1848 ; was tutor 
there, 1847-49, and was admitted to the bar in 
Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849, where he practiced, 
1849-57, and at Milwaukee, Wis., 1857-61. He was 
major-general in the Ohio militia, 1856-7. He was 
married, Sept. 10, 1850, to Eliza Leeworthy, 
daughter of Harvey Brigham of Windham, Ohio. 
Ile entered the Union army as quartermaster of 
the 2d Wisconsin infantry ; was appointed col- 
onel of the 4th Wisconsin infantry in May, 1861; 
was stationed in Baltimore, Md., and left with 
General Butler on the New Orleans expedition in 
1862. He captured the town of Grand Gulf and 
burnt it, by order of General Butler. He was 
placed under arrest at Baton Rouge, La., by Gen. 
Thomas Williams for refusing to obey an order 
to return fugitive slaves in the camps to their 
masters, and remained in arrest, except when 
the troops went into action. On the death of 
Williams at the battle of Baton Rouge, Aug. 5, 
1862, he was released by General Butler and or- 
dered to command the forces at Baton Rouge, 
where he packed the statue of Washington and the 
books in the library at the state capitol, shipping 
them to New Orleans before evacuating the place 
on the 20th. He was transferred to the command 
of the 1st brigade, T. W. Sherman’s division, 
in September, 1862; afterward to the 3d brigade, 
Grover’s division, and finally to the 2d brigade of 


PAINE 


Emory’s division, 19th army corps. He was pro- 
moted brigadier-general of volunteers March 13, 
1863, and in May, 1863, succeeded to the command 
of the 3d division, 19th corps, and while leading 
in the assault on Port Hudson, lost a leg, June 
14,1863. He was appointed a member of General 
Augur’s military commission at Washington, 
D.C., Sept. 1, 1868; commanded the forces sta- _ 
tioned between Forts Stevens and Totten during 
General Early’s attempt to capture Washington 
in July, 1864, and commanded the military dis- 
trict of Illinois, August to October, 1864. He 
returned to Milwaukee, was brevetted major- 
general of volunteers, March 18, 1865, and resigned 
from the army May 15, 1865. He was a Repub- 
lican representative from the first Wisconsin 
district in the 39th, 40th and 41st congresses, 
1865-71: was a member of the committee on 
reconstruction, of that on soldiers’ and sailors’ 
bounties and chairman of the committee on elec- 
tions, and of that on militia. He framed and 
secured the passage of the bill organizing the 
U.S. signal service in 1869. He resumed the 
practise of law in Washington, D.C., in 1871; 
was U.S. commissioner of patents, 1878-90, and 
was still continuing his law practise at the 
national capital in 1902. He received the degree 
of LL.D. from Western Reserve college in 1875. 
He is the author of: Paine on Contested Elec- 
tions (1880). 

PAINE, Harriet Eliza, author, was born in 
Rehoboth, Mass., May 5, 1845; daughter of the 
Rev. John Chester and Eliza (Folger) Paine, and 
granddaughter of Hon, Elijah and ——(Pomeroy). 
Paine of Ashfield, Mass., and of Gideon and 
Eunice (Macy) Folger of Nantucket. She was 
graduated at Wheaton seminary, Norton, Mass., 
in 1862, where she was a pupil of Lucy Lar- 
com in literature and composition, and where 
she taught for several years. She was principal 
of Robinson seminary, Exeter, N.H., 1875-78, 
and taught in private schools in Boston, Mass. 
She is the author of: Bird Songs of New Eng- 
land (1882); Girls and Women (1890); Chats with 
Girls on Self-Culture (1891), and The Unmarried 
Woman (1892), the last three being written un- 
der the pen name ‘‘Eliza Chester.” 

PAINE, John Alsop, archeologist, was born 
in Newark, N.J., Jan. 14, 1840; son of Dr. John 
Alsop (1795-1871) and Amanda (Kellogg) Paine ; 
grandson of Ezra (1767-1828) and Elizabeth | 
(Weeks) Paine, and a descendant, in the eighth 
generation (through John®, Alsop*, John’, John?) — 
of Thomas Payne, 2nd (1586-1650), born in Wren- 
tham, Suffolk, England, who came to America 
about 1637 with six children and settled in Salem, 
Mass. John Alsop Paine, 2nd, was graduated 
from Hamilton college, A. B., 1859, A. M., 1862, 
and from Andover Theological seminary in 1862, 


[112] 











<i 





PAINE 


being ordained May, 29, 1867. He was employed 
by the regents of the University of the State of 
New York to enlarge the flora of the state, 1862- 
67: was professor of natural science at Robert 
college, Constantinople, 1867-69; traveled in 
Egypt and Palestine, and studied in Germany, 
1869-70, and was professor of natural history and 
German at Lake Forest university, Ill., 1870-71. 
He was associate editor of the Independent, 1871- 
72; was archeologist to the first expedition sent 
out by the Palestine exploration society, visiting 
the region east of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, 
1872-74; edited and published the Journal of 
Christian Philosophy, 1882-84; was chosen a 
member of the editorial staff of the Century Dic- 
tionary in 1887, and curator of the Metropolitan 
Museum of Art, New York city, in 1889. He 
received the degree of Ph.D. from Hamilton in 
1873. He contributed largely to scientific jour- 
nals, reported many discoveries of the Palestine 
Exploration society, and is the author of a Cata- 
logue of Plants found in Oneida County and 
Vicinity (1865); Fifth Statement Containing 
Identification of Mount Pisgah (1875); Pharaoh, 
the Oppressor and his Daughter in the Light of 
their Monuments (Cent. Mag., May, 1887); The 
Pharaoh of the Exodus and his Son in_ the 
Light of their Monuments (Sept., 1887). 

PAINE, John Knowles, musician, was born in 


- Portland, Maine, Jan. 9, 1839; son of JacobS. 


and Rebecca Beebe (Downes) Paine; grandson 
of John K. Paine, and a descendant of the Paines 
of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. He received his 
early musical edu- 
cation in Portland, 
writing a composition 
for a string quartette 
at the age of sixteen, 
and made his first 
public appearance as 
an organist in 1857, 
He studied the organ 
* in Germany under 
Y My Vg Haupt, Wieprecht and 
others, 1858-61, and 
made a tour of Ger- 
many in 1865-66, giv- 
ing several organ 
recitals. He was lec- 
turer on music at 
Harvard, 1863-64; assistant professor, 1873-75; 
and in 1875, having gradually built up the depart- 
ment of music, was given the title professor of 
music, being the first to hold that position in any 
American university. In 1867 he directed his 
Mass at the Sing-academie in Berlin. He was 
elected a fellow of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences, and received the honorary 
degree of A. M. from Harvard in 1869 and that 


a 
PTL ines = 
an Ny WN) ; ee 
: x ANK \ ess 
\ \S 
xh \ ee 4 


PAINE 


of Mus. D. from Yale in 1890. He is the com- 
poser of a Mass in D (1867); the oratorio St. 
Peter, first presented in Portland, Maine, in 1873; 
a Symphony in C minor given by Theodore Tho- 
mas in Boston Music Hall, Jan. 6, 1876; the Cen- 
tennial Hymn (words by Whittier) sung at the 
opening of the exposition in Philadelphia, 
1876; Overture to As You Like It (1876); Sym- 
phonic Poem to The Tempest (1877); Spring 
Symphony (1880); CAsdipus Tyrannus, performed 
in Greek in Cambridge, May, 1881; a cantata 
Phebus Arise, words by Drummond of Haw- 
thornden (1882); Keats’s Realm of Faney, for 
chorus, quartet and orchestra (1882); Milton’s Na- 
tivity, composed for the Handel and Haydn 
festival in Boston (1883); Symphonie Poem, an 
Island Fantasy (1887); A Song of Promise, can- 
tata composed for the Cincinnati festival (1888); 
Columbus March and Hymn, composed by invit- 
ation for the opening ceremonies of the Chicago 
World’s Fair (1893); Azara, an opera in three 
acts, the libretto being written by the composer 
(1901); Birds of Aristophanes, presented by the 
Harvard Classical club (May, 1901), and many 
lesser pieces, including songs, piano and organ 
compositions and chamber music. 

PAINE, Levi Leonard, church historian, was 
born in Holbrook, Mass., Oct. 10, 1832; son of 
Levi and Clementina Maria (Leonard) Paine; 
grandson of Silas and Lydia (White) Paine and 
of Caleb F. and Nancy (Thompson) Leonard, and 
a descendant of Peregrine White. 


He was gra- 
duated from Yale, A. B., 1856, B. D., 1861, and 


was at once ordained to the Congregational 
ministry. He was married, July 29, 1861, to Jen- 
nette H., daughter of George and Julia A. 
Holmes of Norwalk, Conn. He was pastor at 
Farmington, Conn., 1861-70; president of the 
Maine Missionary society, 1888-94, and dean of 
the faculty of the Bangor Theological seminary, 
1870-1902. He is the author of: The Critical 
History of the Evolution of Trinitarianism (1900), 
and The Hthnie Trinities (1901), both of which 
attracted wide attention. He died at Bangor, 
Maine, May 10, 1902. 

PAINE, Robert, M. E. bishop, was born in 
Person county, N.C., Nov. 12, 1799 ; son of James 
and Mary A. (Williams) Paine of Oxford, N.C.; 
grandson of Robert Paine, an officer in the Con- 
federate army, and great-grandson of Dr. James 
Paine, a native of London, England. Robert 
Paine attended school near Leasburg, N.C., and 
later studied at the school of the Rev. Dr. D. C. 
Weir and Professor Alexander, near Lynnville, 
Tenn. He joined the M. E. church, Oct. 9, 1817, 
and was ordained deacon and elder in 1821; was 
a missionary preacher; presiding elder of the 
Nashville district, and president of LaGrange col- 
lege, Ala., 1830-46. He was a leader of the mov- 


[113] 


PAINE 


ement in the Louisville conference of 1844 for the 
division of the church, north and south, and was 
elected bishop of the M.E. church, south, at the 
first general conference held at Petersburg, Va., 
1846, of which he was presiding officer. He con- 
tributed ably to the support of the church during 
the embarrassments incident to the civil war. He 
was a member of the Connecticut Academy of 
Arts and Sciences. The honorary degree of A.M. 
was conferred on him by the University of Nash- 
ville, and that of D.D. by Wesleyan university in 
1842. He is the author of: Life and Times of 
Bishop McKendree (2 vols., 1859). He died in 
Aberdeen, Miss., Oct. 18, 1882. 

PAINE, Robert Treat, signer, was born in 
Boston, Mass., March 11, 1781; son of the Kev. 
Thomas and Eunice (Treat) Paine. His father 
was pastor of the church at Weymouth, Mass., a 
merchant in Boston after 1730 and the author of 
several published sermons and lectures. His 
mother was the granddaughter of Gov. Robert 
Treat of Connecticut and of the Rev. Samuel 
Willard, vice-president of Harvard college. His 
grandfather, James Paine, was a member of the 
expedition against Canada in 1694; his great- 
grandfather, Thomas Paine, emigrated to Cape 
Cod with his father, Thomas, and subsequently 
settled in Eastham, Mass., and was a representa- 
tive in the colonial court. Robert Treat Paine 
was graduated from Harvard college, A.B., 
1749, A.M., 1752. After his father’s loss of prop- 
erty in 1759, he taught school one year, made 
three voyages to North Carolina as master of a 
vessel, calling on one voyage at Cadiz and Fayal, 
and next was master of a whaler to the coast 
of Greenland. He studied law and theology; was 
chaplain of a northern frontier regiment at Lake 
George, 1755; preached at Shirley, Mass. ; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1757 and practised in Boston, 
1757-61, removing to Taunton, Mass., in 1761. He 
was a delegate to the convention of 1768 held at 
Boston to consider the condition of the country, 
and conducted the prosecution against Captain 
Prescott and his soldiers for the Boston Massacre 
of 1770. He married in 1770 to Sally, 
daughter of Thomas Cobb and sister of Gen. 
David Cobb. In 1773-74 he was chairman of the 
Taunton committee to remonstrate against public 
wrong, writing the address for the governor's 
removal, and was chairman of the committee on 
the impeachment of Chief-Justice Peter Oliver. 
He was a delegate to the first Continental con- 
gress, 1774; to the second Provincial congress at 
Cambridge, 1775, and one of the committee on 
the state of the Province; a delegate to the 2nd 
and subsequent Continental congresses, 1775-76, 
where he served on many important committees 
and as chairman on the committee of supplies, 
and voted for the adoption of the Declaration of 


was 


PAINE 


Independence, July 4, 1776, of which instrument. 
he was a signer. He was re-elected to the Con- 
tinental congress for 1777 and 1778, but did not. 
again attend. He was a member of the committee 
of three that visited Gen. Philip Schuyler’s army 
on the northern frontier ; was elected a repre- 
sentative in the Massachusetts legislature in 1777, 
being part of the time speaker, and was unanimous- 
ly elected attorney-general of the state. He was 
a member of the committee appointed from Mas- 
sachusetts to confer with members from the other 
colonies on the regulation of the price of labor, 
provisions and manufactures in 1778; of the 
executive countil of Massachusetts, 1779-80, and 
a delegate to the convention that adopted the 
state constitution. He was attorney-general of 
Massachusetts, 1777-90, covering the period of 
Shays’s rebellion; judge of the supreme court, 
1790-1804, and a member of the executive council 
in 1804. The honorary degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred on him by Harvard in 1805. He was one 
of the founders of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences in 1780. He died in Boston, 
Mass., May 11, 1814. 

PAINE, Robert Treat, philanthropist, was. 
born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 28, 1835, son of 
Charles Cushing and Fanny Cabot (Jackson) 
Paine; grandson of Charles and Sarah Sumner 
(Cushing) Paine and of Judge Charles Jackson, 
and great-grandson of Robert Treat Paine, the. 
signer. He attended 
the Boston Latin 
school; was graduated 
from Harvard in 
1855; studied law at 
Harvard Law school 
the following year ; 
traveled and studied 
in Europe for two 
years, and then re- 
sumed his law studies 
under Richard H. 
Dana and Francis E. 
Parker of Boston. He 
was admitted to the 
bar in 1859 and 
practised in Boston, 
1859-70. He was married, April 24, 1862, to Lydia. 
Williams, daughter of George Williams and 
Anne (Pratt) Lyman of Boston. In 1870 he 


retired from business and devoted himself to 


philanthropical work. He was a member of the 
sub-committee which had charge of the building 
of Trinity church, Boston, 1872-77, and was. 
prominent in organizing the Associated Charities 
of Boston, being elected its first president in 
1879. In 1887 he gave $10.030 to endow a 
fellowship at Harvard college for the study of 
sociology, and in 1890 he endowed a trust of 


[114] 








PAINE 

















































$200,000, called the Robert Treat Paine associa- 
tion, for charitable work. He wasa representative 
in the general court from Waltham in 1884 and 
was unsuccessful Democratic and Independent 
candidate for representative in the 49th congress 
in 1884. He was elected president of the Wells 
Memorial Workingmen’s institute, which he 
organized in 1879 and which included a co- 
operative bank and building association. He 
also organized the Workingmen’s Loan associa- 
tion and served as president of the congress of 
workingmen’s clubs. In 1891 he became presi- 
dent of the Peace association. 

PAINE, Thomas, author and diplomatist, was 
born in Thetford, Norfolk county, England, Jan. 
29, 1737; son of Joseph Paine, a Quaker, and by 
occupation a staymaker. He attended the Thet- 
ford grammar school until 1750, when he learned 
the trade of staymaking and engaged in that 
business until 1755, when he went to sea on a 
privateer. He soon returned to Thetford, and in 
1757 obtained employment with a London stay- 
‘maker, becoming interested in the philosophical 
Jectures of Martynand Ferguson. He removed to 
Dover in 1858, and the following year established 
himself as a master staymaker in Sandwich, 
Kent county. He was married in 1759 to Mary 
Lambert, an orphan, who was a servant in a 
woolen draper’s family, and in 1760 they removed 
to Margate, where she died. He abandoned his 
trade and prepared himself for a position as 
excise officer, returning to Thetford in 1761 as a 
supernumerary officer of excise. In 1764 he was 
appointed to watch smugglers, was discharg- 
ed from office in August, 1765, and engaged in 
eaching English in an academy in London, 1765- 
,andina school in Kensington in 1767. He 
was re-appointed to the excise service in 1768, 
ind deputed as officer in Lewes, Sussex county. 
In 1771 he was married to Elizabeth Ollive of 
Lewes. When the excisemen united in signing 
plea to parliament for an increase of salary, 
ne was entrusted with the prosecution of the 
tter,and in 1772 prepared his petition, but 
unable to get a hearing. He was again dis- 
from the excise service in April, 1774, 
ndin June of the same year became formally 
sparated from his wife. He removed to London, 
nd made the acquaintance of Benjamin Frank- 
in, in whose electrical experiments he was 

terested. In consequence of this acquaintance 
ve left England in 1774, with letters from 
Franklin to Richard Bache in Philadelphia, where 
e obtained employment as a tutor and was 
hosen by Robert Aitkin to assist in publishing 
he Pennsylvania Magazine or American Museum, 
hich he edited for eighteen months. In its 
wumns he urged the extension of independence 
the enslaved negro, was the first to advocate 


PAINE 


international arbitration and to propose national 
and international copyright. During the Revolu- 
tion he published political pamphlets, including 
“Common Sense” (1775), of which half a million 
copies were distributed, and donated the copy- 
right to the colonies for the cause of independence, 
In July, 1776, he published a pamphlet, entitled ‘*A 
Dialogue between the Ghost of Gen. Montgomery, 
Just Arrived from the Elysian Fields, and an 
American Delegate ina Wood Near Philadelphia.” 
In November, 1776, he joined the Pennsylvania 
division of the flying camp, and while in the 
army composed the first number of. ‘ Crisis,” 
writing only by night, and publishing the paper, 
Dec. 19, 1776, just before the battle of Trenton. 
The opening words, ‘‘These are the times that 
try men’s souls,” became a familiar watchword 
in the camp. He was appointed secretary to the 
commission sent by congress to treat with the 
Indians at Easton, Pa., Jan. 21,1777, and was 
elected secretary of the committee of foreign 
affairs, April 17, He resigned his position 
of secretary on account of a controversy with 
Silas Deane, and was reduced toa clerkship in 
Owen Biddle’s law office. He was appointed 
clerk of the Pennsylvania assembly in 1780, and 
in February, 1781, accompanied Col. John Laurens 
to France, for the purpose of procuring a loan. 
Their mission was entirely successful and on 
their return to Philadelphia, Paine became a 
social lion, but was without means and suffered 
for want of food. Upon the earnest solicitation 
of General Washington congress ultimately paid 
Paine a salary of $800 a year for secret services. 
After the conclusion of the treaty of peace, upon 
his endeavor to obtain some recognition of his 
services, New York state presented him with 
277 acres of land at New Rochelle ; Pennsylvania 
voted him £500, and congress paid him $3,000. 
He had been engaged on designs for an iron 
bridge over the Schuylkill, and in April, 1787, he 
sailed for France to obtain the approval of his 
work by the French engineers. The plans were 
sanctioned by the French Academy and sent to 
the Royal Society. While in France he drew up 
a proposal for friendship between France and 
England, and acted as arbitrator. Visiting 
London, heat once became a social and diplomatic 
feature of that metropolis. In November, 1790, he 
began his reply to Edmund Burke’s ‘* Reflections 
on the Revolution in France,” entitled ‘* Rights. 
of Man,” which he dedicated to George Washing- © 
ton, and which reached a large circulation, 
The Democratic views set forth in this publica- 
tion exposed him to punishment for sedition and 
on the conferment of the title of French citizen 
by the National Assembly on Aug. 26, 1792, lie 
returned to France. He was elected president 
of the Constitutional society of Calais, and a 


ledadaed 
ade 


[115] 


PAINTER 


member of the convention of France. While in 
the convention he tried to save the life of Louis 
XVI. by voting for his detention until the close 
of the war, and upon the accession of the 
Jacobin party he was denounced, shut out of the 
convention and was arrested, Dec. 27, 1793, 
narrowly escaping the guillotine. While daily 
expecting arrest, he wrote the third of his 
famous books, ‘‘The Age of Reason.” He was 
released in 1794, and in September, 1802, left 
France for the United States. Although anticipa- 
ting a cordial welcome in the States, his ‘“‘Age of 
Reason” had stirred up a strong feeling against 
him. He took no active part in politics after his 
return and resided in New York at the home of 
Madame Bonneville until his death. By his own 
request, his body was buried on his farm at New 
Rochelle. It was subsequently removed to Eng- 
land by William Cobbett, the English radical, 
and finally found sepulture in France. He died 
in New York city, June 8, 1809. 

PAINTER, Franklin Verzelius Newton, 
author, was born in Hampshire county, Va., 
April 12, 1852 ; son of Israeland Juliana (Wilson) 
Painter, and grandson of John Painter and of 
Isaac N. Wilson, the former of German and the 
latter of Scotch descent. His boyhood was spent 
at West Union, now Aurora, W.Va. He was 
graduated with first honor from Roanoke college, 
Salem, Va., A.B., 1874, A.M.. 1877, and from the 
Theological seminary, Salem, in 1878, and was 
ordained to the ministry of the Lutheran church 
in 1878. He was married, Aug. 9, 1875, to Laura 
Trimble Shickel of Salem. He studied in Paris 
and Bonn, 1882, and was appointed professor of 
modern languages at Roanoke college in 1882. 
He was a member of the Modern Language 
Association of America, and his paper advocat- 
ing a modern classical course in American 
colleges was formally approved by that organiza- 
tion in 1884. The degree of D.D. was conferred 


on him by Pennsylvania college in 1895. He 
established the Virginia Teachers’ Reading 
association in 1885, and is the author of: A 


History of Education (1886); Luther on Educa- 
tion (1889); History of Christian Worship (with 
Prof. J. W. Richard, 1891); Introduction to 
English Literature (1894); Introduction to Ameri- 
can Literature (1897); A History of English 
Literature (1900); Lyrical Vignettes (1900); 
The Reformation Dawn (1901), and contributions 
to periodicals. 

PALFREY, John Gorham, historian, was born 
in Boston, Mass., May 2, 1796; son of John and 
Mary (Gorham) Palfrey; grandson of William 
(1741-1780) and Susan (Cazneau) Palfrey, and a 
descendant. probably, of Peter Palfrey, Salem, 
1626. His grandfather was a paymaster-generalin 
the Continental army, and was appointed consul- 


[116] 


PALFREY 


general to France in 1780 by the unanimous vote 
of congress. but weS lost on the voyage out. 
John Gorham Palfrey fitted for college at Phillips 
academy, Exeter, N.H., and was graduated from 
Harvard, A.B., 1815, A.M., 1818. He studied 
theology at Harvard, and was ordained pastor of 


— 


the Brattle Square Unitarian church in Boston in — 


1818 to succeed Edward Everett. 
his pastorate in 1830 to accept the Dexter chair 
of sacred literature at Harvard. 
with his professorship, he became editor of the 
North American Review, with which he was con- 


He resigned — 


In conjunction — 


nected until 1843; was dean of the theological — 


faculty, and one of the preachers in the university 
chapel. 


give more attention to the North American Re-— 


He resigned his professorship in 1839 to — 


view, and removed to Boston, returning to Cam- — 


bridge in 1843. 
state legislature, 1842-43 ; secretary of the com- 
monwealth, 1844-48 ; a representative in the 30th 
congress, 1847-49, and postmaster of the city of 
Boston, 1861-67. He represented the United 


He was a representative in the ~ 


* 


‘ 


States in the Antislavery congress held at Paris — 
in 1867, and on his return to his home, Cambridge, ~ 


Mass., devoted himself to literary pursuits. He 
delivered a series of eight lectures on the Evi- 
dences of Christianity before the Lowell Institute, 
1840-42 ; 
articles to the Boston Whig, and was a member 
of the editorial staff of the Boston Commonwealth. 
The honorary degree of §.T.D. was conferred on 
him by Harvard in 1834, and that of LL.D. in 
1839, and by St. Andrews, Scotland, 1888. He 
was at one time a member of the Massachusetts 
Historical society. He is the author of two dis- 


courses on the ‘‘History of Brattle Street Church,” 


and ‘Oration at Barnstaple Centennial, 1831” ; 
papers on slave power; ‘‘ Life of Col. William 
Palfrey, in Vol. VII., 2d series, Sparks’s ‘*‘ Amer- 
ican Biography;” a ‘‘ Review of Lord Mahon’s 
History of England,” in North American Re- 
view; Academical Lectures on the Jewish 
Scriptures and Antiquities (4 vols., 1833-52); Hle- 
ments of Chaldee, Syriac, Samaritan and Rab- 
binical Grammar (1835); Evidences of Christian 
ity (Lowell lectures, 2 vols., 1848); Relation be- 


tween Judaism and Christianity (1854); History 
He was married | 
in 1823 to Mary Ann Hammond (1799-1897), and | 
their children, Francis Winthrop Palfrey (1831-__ 
1889), and John Carver Palfrey, born in 1838, be- | 
came brigadier-generals by brevet in the volunteer — 
army, 1861-65, each contributing valuable papers 
on the history of the civil war; their daughter, — 
Sara Hammond Palfrey (q.v.), resided in Cam-_ 
His name in ‘ Class A,” res) 
ceived one vote for a place in the Hall of Fame | 
for Great Americans, New York university, Oc- 


of New England (5 vols., 1858). 


bridge in 1902. 


tober, 1900. He died in Cambridge, April 26, 1881. 


. . . ' 
contributed a series of antislavery 











A 


PALFREY 


PALFREY, Sara Hammond, author, was born 
in Boston, Mass., Dec. 11, 1823; daughter of John 
Gorham and Mary Ann (Hammond) Palfrey. 
She attended private schools in Boston and Cam- 
bridge, and devoted herself to literary work. 
Some of her best known works were written 
under the pen-name of *‘ E. Foxton.” She is the 
author of: Prémices, verse (1850); Herman, or 
Young Knighthood, novel (1866); Sir Pavon and 
St. Pavon, verse (1867); Agnes Wentworth, novel 
(1869); The Chapel, verse (1880); The Blossoming 
Rod, verse (1887); Old Times and New (1900); King 
Arthur in Avalon and Other Poems (1900); Kathe- 
vine Morne, novel, and contributions to the <At- 
lantie Monthly and other magazines. 

PALMER, Alice Freeman, educator, was born 
in Colesville, N.Y., Feb. 21, 1855; daughter of 
Dr. James Warren and Elizabeth (Higley) Free- 
man, and granddaughter of John and Elizabeth 
(Knox) Freeman, and of Isaac and Elvira (Frost) 
Higley. Her father, originally a farmer, studied 
at the Medical college, Albany, N.Y., 1864-66, 
and in 1866 removed his family to Windsor, N.Y., 
where he practised medicine. Alice Freeman 
was graduated at the University of Michigan, A.B., 
1876, and while there helped to organize the Stu- 
dents’ Christian association for young men and 
women, and was also engaged in teaching. She 
taught in the high school at Ottawa, II., 
1875; at Geneva Lake, Wisconsin, 1876-77; at 
East Saginaw, Mich., 1877-79; was professor of 
history in Wellesley college, Massachusetts, 1879- 
81; acting president of Wellesley, 1881-82, and 
president, 1882-87. 
During her adminis- 
tration she raised the 
standard of scholar- 
ship, regulated the 
granting of degrees, 
established the aca- 
demic council to legis- 
late upon intellectual 
matters, reorganized 
"the departments of 
instruction and_ in- 
troduced the ‘‘ home 





idea.” Several new 
a a. buildings were also 
Liber Fritucae Close. completed during her 


term of office. She 

became prominent as a lecturer and writer on 

educational subjects; served as a Massachusetts 

commissioner of education to the World’s Colum- 

bian exposition, 1893, and as dean of the 
Women’s department of the University of 

Chicago, 1892-95. She received the degrees: 

Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1882, 

L.H.D. from Columbia university in 1887, and 

LL.D. from Union college in 1895. She was 


PALMER 


amember of the Massachusetts State Board of 
Education ; president of the Woman’s Educa- 
tional association of Boston, of the Massachu- 
setts Home Missionary association, of the Asso- 
ciation of Collegiate Alumne and of the corpor- 
ation of the Institute for Girls in Spain, and a 
trustee of Wellesley college. She was married, 
Dec. 23, 1887, to George Herbert Palmer (q.v.). 
In September, 1902, they started on a European 
trip, and Mrs. Palmer died suddenly in Paris. 

PALMER, Anna Campbell, author, was born 
in Elmira, N.Y., Feb. 8, 1854; daughter of James 
Barbour and Sally (Carpenter) Campbell. In 
1868 she was left an orphan and taught school in 
Elmira. She was married, Sept. 28, 1880, to 
George Archibald Palmer. She was a member of 
the editorial staff of the Elmira Evening Star, 
1895-99, a correspondent to Buffalo Express, and 
on the staff of the Elmira Advertiser, 1901. She 
wrote under the pen-name of ‘‘ Mrs. George 
Archibald”: Verses from a Mother's Corner (1889) ; 
The Summerville Prize (1890); Little Brown Seed 
(1891); Lady Gay and Her Sister (1891); Lady 
Gay (1898); A Dozen Good Times (1898); Three 
Times Three, in collaboration (1899); Joel Dor- 
man Steele, a biography (1900), and in 1901 she 
began to use her full married name on all her 
books and articles in periodicals. 

PALMER, Benjamin Morgan, clergyman, 
was born in Charleston, S.C., Jan. 25, 1818; son 
of the Rev. Edward (1788-1882) and Sarah 
(Bunce) Palmer, and grandson of Job Palmer 
(1747-1845), a native of Falmouth, Mass., who 
removed to Charleston, 8.C., before the Revolu- 
tion. He was graduated at the University of 
Georgia, A.B., 1838, and at the Theological semi- 
nary at Columbia, §8.C., in 1841; was married, 
Oct. 7, 1841, to Mary Augusta, daughter of Dr. 
Robert and Sarah McConnell of Liberty county, 
Ga. He was ordained by the presbytery of Geor- 
gia in 1841, and was pastor of the First Presbyte- 
rian church, Savannah, Ga., 1841-43; of the 
Presbyterian church, Columbia, §.C., 1848-56, and 
became pastor of the First Presbyterian church, 
New Orleans, La., in 1856. He was professor of 
church history and polity in the Theological sem- 
inary at Columbia, 8.C., 1853-56 ; moderator of 
the first southern assembly of the Presbyterian 
church at Augusta, Ga., in 1861, and a commis- 
sioner to ten general assemblies of the church. 
He was one of the founders of The Southern Pres- 
byterian Review in 1847, and one of its editors 
and contributors from that year. He was a di- 
rector of the Theological seminary, Columbia, 
S.C., 1842-56; of the Southwestern Presbyterian 
university at Clarksville, Tenn., from 1873, and 
of Tulane university at New Orleans, La., from 
1882. He received the degree of D.D. from Ogle- 
thorpe university, Ga., in 1852, and LL.D. from 


(117) 


PALMER 


Westminster college, Fulton, Mo., in 1870. He 
published several addresses and pamphlets, and 
is the author of: The Life and Letters of Rev. 
James Henley Thornwell, D.D., LL.D. (1875); 
Sermons (2 vols., 1875-76); The Family in tts 
Civil and Churehly Aspects (1876); Formation of 
Character (1889); The Broken Home (1890); The- 
ology of Prayer (1894); Three-fold Fellowship (1902). 
He died in New Orleans, La., May 28, 1902. 

PALMER, Bertha Honoré, was born in Lou- 
isville, Ky.; daughter of Henry H. and Eliza 
(Carr) Honoré. She was graduated from the 
Convent of the Visitation in Georgetown, Ky. ; 
was married in 1871 to Potter Palmer (q.v.), 
a merchant of Chicago, Il., and became the social 
leader of that city. She was associated with 
many charitable organizations and clubs, and in 
1891 was elected president of the board of lady 
managers of the World’s Columbian exposition, 
and visited Europe in order to interest foreign 
governments in the fair. She was appointed by 
President McKinley the only woman member of 
the National commission for the Paris exposition 
of 1900, and was made a chevalier of the Legion 
of Honor by the French government in 1891. 

PALMER, Erastus Dow, sculptor, was born 
in Pompey, N.Y., April 2, 1817; son of Erastus 
Dow and Laurinda (Ball) Palmer, and grandson 
of Uriah C. and Diantha (Dow) Palmer and of 
Jonathan and Lydia (Eastman) Ball. He re- 
ceived a limited education and engaged as a car- 
penter until 1846, when he took up the engraving 
of cameo portraits. In 1851 he exhibited a mar- 
ble bust of the ‘‘ Infant Ceres” at the Academy 
of Design. He settled in Albany, N.Y., and de- 
voted himself to sculpture. The honorary degree 
of A.M. was conferred on him by Union college 
in 1873. Among his bas-reliefs are: Niglit, 
Morning, Faith, The Spirit’s Flight, Mercy, Sap- 
pho, Peace in Bondage, and among his statues 
are: The Indian Girl (1856), in the Metropoli- 
tan Museum, N.Y.; The White Captive (1858); 
The Sleeping Peri; The Little Peasant, and a mon- 
ument, The Angel at the Sepulchre (1868). He 
also executed many ideal busts, notably : Resig- 
nation, Spring, June and The Infant Flora ; and 
portrait busts of Alexander Hamilton, Commo- 
dore Perry, Edwin D, Morgan, Washington Irv- 
ing, Moses Taylor and Dr. James H. Armsby. 
A large group of sixteen figures, entitled ‘The 
Landing of the Pilgrims ’'(1857) designed to oceu- 
py a pediment in the capitol at Washington, 
was refused, but his statue of Robert R. Liy- 
ingston, modeled in 1873, received a gold medal 
at Philadelphia, 1876, and was placed in Statu- 
ary Hall by the state of New York. 

PALMER, Francis Asbury, educationist, 
was born at Bedford, N.Y., Nov. 26, 1812; son of 
Lewis and Mary Palmer. He was graduated at 


[118] 


PALMER 
















































Bedford academy ; was married, Oct. 31, 1834, to 
Susannah Shelden, who died childless. He was 
founder and president of the National Broudway 
bank (1849-1901); president of the Broadway Sa-_ 
vings bank ; chamberlain of New York city, 
1871-72 ; gave $10,000 to build a home for aged 
ministers at Castile, N. Y.; founded the chair of 
Christian ethics at Antioch college, Ohio, with — 
$50,000; gave $20,000 to Palmer Christian college, 
Legrand, Iowa, in 1867 and $30,000 by his will ; 
$100,000 toward founding Palmer university, 
Municie, Ind., of which Dr. L. B. McQuinney was 
made chancellor; founded the Orphan Home, Lake 
Mount, N.Y.; left by will, among other bequests, 
$5000 to Hamilton college ; $30.000 to Elton col- 
lege, N.C.; $30,000 to Union Christian college, © 
Ind., and $500,000 to the Francis Asbury Palmer 
Fund. He died in New York city, Nov . 2, 1902, 
PALMER, Frank Wayland, representative, 
was born in Manchester, Ind., Oct. 11, 1827; son 
of Zacheus Marshall and Selina (Strong) Palmer. 
His parents removed to Jamestown, N.Y., during — 
his early boyhood, and in 1841 he was appren- 
ticed to the Jamestown Journal. He worked one 
year as journeyman in New York city, and was 
joint and sole proprietor of the Jamestown Jour- 
nal, 1848-58. He was a member of the state 
assembly for two terms, and in 1858 removed to 
Dubuque, Iowa, where he became editor and one 
of the proprietors of the Times. In 1861 he was 
elected state printer and served as such eight 
years, taking up his residence during the same 
year in Des Moines, where he purchased the Jowa 
State Register, weekly, and soon after issued the 
paper daily. In 1868 he sold the paper, but re- 
tained its editorship. He was a representative 
from the fifth district of Iowa in the 41st and 42d 
congresses, 1869-73 ; removed to Chicago in 1873 
and purchased one-third interest in the Inter 
Ocean, and was editor-in-chief, 1873-76. He was 
one of the commissioners appointed by President 
Grant to report upon the most equitable mode 


service, and in 1877 was appointed postmaster of 
Chicago. He was re-appointed by President 
Hayes in March, 1877, and by President Arth 
in 1881, serving, 1877-85. In 1897 he was ap 
pointed by President McKinley public printer in 
the government printing office and was retained 
by President Roosevelt. 

PALMER, George Herbert, educator, was 
born in Boston, Mass., March 19, 1842; son 
Julius Auboynean and Lucy (Peabody) Palmer, 
and grandson of Thomas Palmer and of Jacob 
Peabody. He was graduated at Harvard, A.B. 
1864, A.M., 1867; studied in the University of 
Tibingen, 1867-69, and was graduated at Andover 
Theological seminary in 1870. He was married 
in 1871 to Ellen Margaret Wellman of Brookline 


PALMER 


y 


- Mass., who died in 1879 ; andsecondly, in 1887, to 
Alice Freeman, president of Wellesley college. 
He was tutor in Greek at Harvard, 1870-72; in- 
structor in philosophy, 1872-73; curator of the 
Gray collection of engravings, 1872-76 ; assistant 
professor of philosophy, 1873-83; professor of 
philosophy, 1883-89, and in 1889 became Alford 
professor of natural religion, moral philosophy 
and civil polity. He received the degree of LL.D. 
from the University of Michigan in 1894, and 
from Union college in 1895, and that of Litt.D. 
from Western Reserve university in 1898. He 
translated ‘* The Odyssey” into rhythmic prose 
(1884), and ‘‘ The Antigone of Sophocles ” (1899); 
and is the author of : The New Educution (1887); 
Self Cultivation in English (1897); The Glory of 
the Imperfect (1898), and The Field of Ethies (1901). 

PALMER, Innis Newton, soldier, was born in 
Buffalo, N.Y., March 30, 1824; son of Innis Brom- 
ley and Susan (Candee) Palmer; grandson of 
Job and Hannah (Bromley) Palmer of Danby, 
Vt., and a descendant of Lieut. William Palmer, 
of the Fortune, 1621. He was graduated at the 
US. Military academy, brevet 2d lieutenant in 
the Mounted Rifles, July 1, 1846 ; served in the 
Mexican war, being wounded at Chapultepec : was 
promoted 2d lieutenant, July 20, 1847 ; brevetted 
ist lieutenant, Aug. 20, 1847, for Contreras and 
Churubusco, and captain, Sept. 18, 1847, for Cha- 
pultepec. He took part in the assault and capture 
of the City of Mexico, Sept. 13-14, 1847 ; was in 
garrison, and on recruiting and frontier duty, 
1847-51. He also served as adjutant of the 
Mounted Rifles, 1850-51 ; was promoted 1st lieu- 
tenant, Jan. 27, 1853; captain, March 3, 1855, 

and transferred to the 2d cavalry, and major, 
April 25, 1861, and transferred to the 5th cavalry, 
Aug. 3, 1861. He served in the defence of Wash- 
ington, D.C., April to July, 1861 ; commanded the 
battalion of U. 8. cavalry in the Manassas cam- 
paign of July, 1861, and was brevetted lieutenant- 
colonel for gallantry at Bull Run. He was ap- 

inted brigadier-general of volunteers, Sept. 23, 
Beier commanded the 3d brigade, 3d division, 
4th corps, at Yorktown and Williamsburg. Va. ; 
3d brigade, 2d division, 4th corps, at Seven Pines, 
and the 3d brigade, 1st division, 4th corps, in the 
Seven Days’ battles. He was engaged in organ- 
izing and forwarding to the field New Jersey and 
Delaware volunteers; in superintending camps 
of drafted men at Philadelphia, Pa., 1862, and 
in commanding the first division of the 18th army 
corps in North Carolina, January to July, 1863 ; 
the department of North Carolina, February to 
March, 1863; the district of Pamlico. the 18th army 
corps and the defences of Newbern, N.C., March, 
1863, to April, 1864, and the districts of North Car- 
olina, and Beaufort. N.C.. successively, April,1864, 
to June, 1865. At Beaufort he joined in General 


PALMER 


Sherman’s movements and in the action at Kins- 
ton, N.C. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel 
and transferred to the 2d cavalry, Sept. 23, 1863 ; 
brevetted colonel and brigadier-general in the 
regular army, and major-general of volunteers, 
March 13, 1865. He was mustered out of the vol- 
unteer service, Jan. 15, 1866 ; commanded the 2d 
cavalry at Fort Ellsworth, Kan., 1866; a regiment 
at Fort Laramie, Dak., 1867-68, and wasa member 
of the board on a system of Cavalry tactics from 
July, 1868, to April, 1869. He was promoted 
colonel, June 9, 1868, and commanded a regiment 
at Omaha Barracks, Neb., and at Fort Sanders, 
Wyo., interspersed with special board service, 
1869-76. He was on sick leave of absence, 1876- 
79, and was retired fron active service upon his 
own application, March 26, 1879. He died at 
Chevy Chase, Md., Sept. 10, 1900. 

PALMER, James Croxall, naval surgeon, was 
born in Baltimore, Md., June 29, 1811; son of 
Edward and Katherine (Croxall) Palmer. He 
was graduated from Dickinson college, A.B., 1829, 
and from the University of Maryland, M.D., 1833. 
He was commissioned assistant-surgeon in the 
U.S. navy, 1834; ordered to the Relief store-ship 
of Wilkes’s exploring expedition, July 17. 1838; 
subsequently transferred tothe Peacock, and when 
that vessel was wrecked at the mouth of the 
Columbia river, Oregon, July 19, 1841, was placed 
in command of the shore party assembled at Asto- 
ria. He was promoted surgeon, Oct. 27, 1842, and 
was in charge of the U.S. navy-yard at Washing- 
ton when the wounded from the Princeton were 
brought to the yard for surgical assistance. He 
served in Mexican waters, 1845-47, and in 1857 
was ordered to the steam-frigate Niagara, when 
that vessel laid the first Atlantic cable. He or- 
iginated the idea of making the splice in mid- 
ocean. He had medical charge of the U.S. Naval 
academy, while that institution was located at 
Newport, during the early part of the civil war. 
He was fleet-surgeon under Admiral Farragut at 
the battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864, leaving 
the Hartford on the admiral’s steam-barge, and 
by Farragut’s orders notifying the iron-clads 
to attack the Tennessee. He aided the surgeons 
of the iron-clads and did not return to the Hart- 


ford until the battle had ended, when he was 


ordered to the Tennessee to attend to Admiral 
Franklin Buchanan of the Confederate navy, 
whose shattered leg he saved from amputation. 
Surgeon Palmer was instrumental in procuring an 
agreement by which Confederate surgeons were 
not detained as prisoners of war. He was in 
charge of the U.S. Naval hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y., 
1867-71; on March 3, 1871, he was commissioned 
medical director ; on June 10, 1872, surgeon-gen- 
eral of the U.S. navy, and was retired, June 29, 
1878. He died in Washington, D.C., April 24, 1883. 


[119] 


PALMER 


PALMER, James Shedden, naval officer, was 
born in New Jersey in 1810. He was warranted 
midshipman in the U.S. navy, Jan. 1, 1825, was 
promoted passed midshipman, June 4, 1831, and 
lieutenant, Dec. 17, 1836. In the Mexican war 
he commanded the Flirt on blockading duty ; 
was promoted commander, Sept. 14, 1855 ; com- 
manded the Iroquois of the Mediterranean squad- 
ron in 1861, and was transferred to Dupont’s 
Atlantic blockading fleet. His failure to capture 
the Confederate privateer Sumter in West Indian 
waters in 1861 called for an investigation, through 
which he was exonerated and restored to his 
command. He was promoted captain, July 16, 
1862, and commanded the Jroquois, which led 
the advance in the passage of the Vicksburg bat- 
teries, forcing the surrender of Baton Rouge and 
Natchez, and taking part in the fight with the 
ram Arkansas. In the passage of Vicksburg, 
when the admiral’s flagship stopped her engines 
to enable the vessels following to close up, Cap- 
tain Palmer, fearing that the Hartford was dis- 
abled, stopped the Iroquois, which led the line, 
in order to draw the fire from the forts, and thus 
relieve the admiral’s ship. This action at first 
called for the censure of the admiral, but when 
he comprehended the motive, he accepted the 
courtesy and Captain Palmer became his close 
friend. He was promoted commodore, Feb, 7, 
1863, and in March, 1863, served as Farragut’s 
fleet captain in the passage of the Port Hudson 
batteries. He was naval commander at New 
Orleans, La., in 1864, and afterward commanded 
the West Gulf squadron in the capture and de- 
struction of blockade runners. He conducted 
the movement that resulted in the fall of Mobile 
and led the first division in the final attack on 
the city. He was promoted rear-admiral, July 
25, 1866, for services during the war, and was 
placed in command of the West India squadion, 
In the ‘‘ Life and Letters of Farragut” he is 
warmly praised as an officer. He died of yellow 
fever at St. Thomas, W.I., Dec. 7, 1867. 

PALMER, John McAuley, senator, was born 
at Eagle Creek, Scott county, Ky., Sept. 13, 1817; 
son of Louis D. and Ann (Tutt) Palmer, both 
natives of Virginia, and great-grandson of Charles 
McAuley, who emigrated from Ireland. His great- 
grandfather, Thomas Palmer, came to Virginia 
from England, and his grandfather, Isaac Palmer, 
was a soldier in the American Revolution, 1776— 
84, His father was a soldier in Col. John Allen’s 
regiment in the war of 1812. He escaped the 
massacre at Raisin River and was married in 
1813, The family removed to Christian county, 
Ky., during John’s boyhood, and in 1831 to within 
ten miles of Alton, I. He received his first in- 
struction from Isaiah Boone; learned the trade 
of plasterer ; attended Alton college in 1834, but 


[120] 




































PALMER 


leaving for lack of means to pay his tuition, was 
employed as a cooper, peddler and school teacher ; 
studied law, 1835-88 ; was admitted to the bar in 
1839, and practised in Carlinville, Ill., 1839-61, 
He was the defeated Democratic candidate for 
county clerk in 1839, 
and in 1840 he sup- 
ported Martin Van 
Buren for président. 
He was judge of pro- 
bate for Macoupin 
county, Ill., 1843-47 ; 
amember of the state 
constitutional con- 
vention of 1847; judge 
of probate, 1848; coun- 
ty judge, 1849-51, and 
a member of the Illi- 
nois senate, 1852-54. 
Asa Democrat he did 
not agree with his 
party on the slavery _ 
question, resigned from the senate in 1854, and was — 
elected by the anti-Nebraska faction in 1855. He 
was president of the Republican state convention | 
of 1856, resigned his seat in the senate a second 
time in 1856, and was a delegate to the Republi- 
can national convention at Philadelphia, June 
17, 1856, where he supported the nomination of 
Judge McLean for the presidency, although he 
preferred Fremont and worked privately for his 
nomination. He was defeated as Republican 
candidate for representative in the 36th congress” 
in 1858; was an elector at large from Illinois on 
the Lincoln and Hamlin ticket in 1861 : a delegate 
to the Peace congress at Washington, D.C., in Feb- 
ruary, 1861, and was elected colonel of the 14th Ili 
nois infantry in April, 1861. He accompanied 
Gen. John C. Fremont in his expedition to Spring- 
field, Mo.; was promoted brigadier-general of 
volunteers, Dec. 20, 1861; assigned to the com- 
mand of the 3d division under Gen. John Pope 
and took part in the capture of New Madrid, 






MSN 7 
SSQ_°oHll 
SYyp 





Ss 


of the Mississippi, during the siege of Corinth 
April 30-May 30, and was ordered home May 29, 
on account of sickness. He organized the 122d 
Illinois volunteers in August, 1862, and in the 
following September was assigned to the com 
mand of the 4th (afterward the 1st) division 
Crittenden’s left wing, Rosecrans’ Army of the 
Cumberland, at the battle of Stone River, Noy. 
29, 1862, where he was promoted major-genera 
of volunteers, and in the battle of Chickamauga 
commanded the 2d division, Ist army corps. 
Sept. 19-20, 1863. He commanded the 14th army 
corps in the Chattanooga campaign and in the 
Atlanta campaign until August, 1864, when he 


3 
PALMER 


was assigned to the military division of Ken- 
tucky, where he was military governor and had 
charge of the Freedman’s bureau, and was mus- 
tered out of the service, Sept. 1, 1866. He was 
the Republican governor of Illinois, 1869-73, de- 
clined renomination in 1872, and returned to the 
Democratic party. He was active in the can- 
vass of 1876, speaking in all parts of the coun- 
try for Tilden and Hendricks. He was the de- 
feated Democratic candidate for U.S, senator in 
1877, when John A. Logan was elected, and in 
1883, when Governor Cullom was elected. He was 
defeated for governor of Illinois in 1888 by Jo- 
seph W. Fifer, and was elected to the U.S. senate 
by the Democratic legislature in 1891, serving 
1891-97. In 1896 he refused to indorse the plat- 
form adopted by the Democratic national con- 
yention at Chicago, and when the national con- 
vention of the Gold Democrats met at Indianapo- 
lis, Sept. 2, 1896, General Palmer accepted the 
nomination for President, with Simon B. Buck- 
ner of Kentucky for Vice-President. In the elec- 
tion of November, the Palmer and Buckner 
electors received 133,148 popular votes, but none 
in the electoral college. In the presidential can- 
yass of 1900, General Palmer supported the Re- 
publican nominees and announced his intention 
to vote for McKinkley and Roosevelt electors. 
He was married in December, 1842, to Malinda, 
daughter of Julius Neely. Mrs. Palmer died in 
1886. They had ten children, and at Senator 
Palmer’s death, two sons and four daughters sur- 
vived. His eldest son, John Mayo Palmer, was 
his law partner, and his youngest son, L. J. Pal- 
mer, was a lawyer at Rock Springs, Wyo. In 
1888 he married as his second wife Mrs. Hannah 
M. Kimball, daughter of J. L. Lamb of Spring- 
field, Ill. In 1899 congress voted him a pension 
of $100 per month. His personal recollections, 
The Story of an Earnest Life, were published in 
1901. He died in Springfield, Ill., Sept. 25, 1900. 
PALMER, John Williamson, author, was 
born in Baltimore, Md., April 4, 1825 ; son of Ed- 
ward and Katherine (Croxall) Palmer; grandson 
of John and Mary (Preston) Palmer, and of 
James and Eleanor (Gittings) Croxall, all of the 
Maryland colony, and a descendant of Edward 
Palmer (1572-1625), of Warwickshire, England, 
Oxford scholar and antiquary, who purchased 
and gave his name to ‘* Palmer’s Island,” in the 
mouth of the Susquehannah river (1622), and 
was “Projector there of the first College and 
School of Arts in North America” (1624). John 
W. Palmer was graduated from the University 
of Maryland, M.D., in 1847, and went to San 
Francisco, Cal., in 1849, where he was city 
physician, 1849-50, He was surgeon of a war- 
steamer of the East India company, and served 
in the second Burmese war, 1851-52, having vis- 


PALMER 


ited Hawaii, China, Malacca, Burmah, Aracan 
and Hindostan. He returned to the United 
States in 1853; wrote for the leading magazines, 
and was married in 1855 to Henrietta Lee of Bal- 
timore, Md., who was later known as a writer for 
several periodicals and as the author of The 
Stratford Gallery (1859), and Home-Life in the 
Bible (1881). Dr. Palmer was the Confederate 
war-correspondent of the New York Tribune, 
1862-64. In 1870 he returned to New York city, 
where he resumed literary work, and was an edi- 
tor on the original staffs of the Century and 
Standard dictionaries. He translated Michelet’s 
““L’Amour ” and ‘‘La Femme” (1859), and Le- 
gouve’s ‘‘ Histoire Morale des Femmes” (1860), 
and isthe author of: The Queen’s Heart, comedy 
(1858); The New and the Old (1859); Up and Down 
the Irrawaddi (1860) ; Epidemic Cholera (1866); 
The Poetry of Compliment and Courtship (1867); 
The Beauties and Curiosities of Engraving (1879) ; 
A Portfolio of Autograph Etchings (1882); After 
His Kind, novel (1886); For Charlie’s Sake, and 
Other Lyrics and Ballads (1901). 

PALMER, Nathaniel Brown, discoverer, was 
born in Stonington, Conn., Aug. 8, 1799; son of 
Nathaniel (1768-1812) and Mercy (Brown) Pal- 
mer; grandson of Nathaniel (1740-1818) and 
Grace (Noyes) Palmer, and of Peleg and Mercy 
(Denison) Brown, and a descendant in the 
seventh generation from Walter and Rebecca 
(Short) Palmer, who came from England -to 
Stonington, Conn., in 1653, and in the sixth gen- 
eration from the Rev. Chad Brown (q.v.). He was 
also a direct descendant through Mercy Denison, 
of John Howland of the Mayflower, and through 
Dorothy Noyes, of Governor Peleg Sanford. His 
father was a lawyer and afterward a shipbuilder. 
The son went to sea in 1813; was second mate of 
the brig Herselia, Capt. J. P. Sheffield, in 1818, 
and returned from the south seas to Stonington 
with 10,000 seal skins. He was made captain of 
the sloop Hero in 1819, and in company with the 
Herselia made a second voyage to the south seas 
where he discovered Palmer’s land in latitude 67’ 
longitude 70%. He next commanded the James 
Monroe in an expedition under Capt. W. A. Fan- 
ning to the South Shetland Islands, and the Cadet 
in several voyages to Cartagena on the Spanish 
main, where he was employed by the Colombian 
government in transporting a portion of General 
Bolivar’s army from Cartagena to the river Cha- 
gres and prisoners to Santiago de Cuba. In 1826 
he took the brig Tampico to Cartagena. He was 
married Dec. 7, 1826, to Eliza Thompson, daugh- 
ter of Paul Babcock, she died in 1872, having 
had no children. He took the brig Francis to 
the south seas in 1827, and the Anawan on a voy- 
age of discovery in 1829, east of Cape Horn. On 
his next voyage he touched at Juan Fernan- 


[121] 


PALMER 


des island for water and was captured by Chilian 

convicts. His identity asa Mason saved his life, 

but the convicts forced him to carry them out of 

captivity. In December, 1833, he assumed com- 

mand of the packet ship Huntsville between New 

York and New Orleans ; in 1835 the Hibernia to 

Rio Janeiro ; in 1837 the ship Garrick of the Collins 

line to Liverpool; in 1838 the Siddons to the same | 
port, and in 1841 the Paul Jones to China. He 

modeled the clipper ship Hoqua for Brown & 

Bell, of New York, and made a voyage in her to 

Canton. He next modeled the Sam Russell, Ori- 

ental, David Brown and N, B. Palmer for A. A. 

Low, and commanded the Oriental and Sam 

Russell in the China tea trade, making the cele- 

brated passage from Hong Kong to London in 

ninety-seven days. In 1848 he took the steamer 

United States to Germany, and in 1849 retired 

from active sea-service. He was the seventh 

charter member of the New York Yacht club, 

and held his menjbership over thirty years. He 
modeled and owned seventeen yachts. He was 
a member of the Currituck Gun club; a director 
of the Fall River line of steamers, and was in- 
strumental in building the Bristol and the Provi- 
dence. He bought the Great Republic for Low 
Brothers, and was in charge of that vessel for 
three years in London, until she was chartered by 
the French government. He corrected the U.S. 

coast survey of Stonington harbor. His brother, 

Alexander Smith Palmer, a famous sailor and 

commander and several years his junior, was pre- 
sented a silver cup for saving the passengers and 
crew of the English ship Dorothy, July 4, 1833, 

and a gold medal from Queen Victoria for rescu- 

ing the survivors of the Hugenia in 1840. Capt. 

Alexander’s son, Nathaniel Brown Palmer 2d, 

left San Francisco, Cal., for China on a sailing 

vessel, with his uncle, Capt. Nathaniel, in 1876, 

for the benefit of the health of the younger man. 

They left Hong Kong on the return voyage on 

board the City of Peking, May 15, 1877, and the 
nephew died when one day out, and Capt. Na- 
thaniel Brown Palmer died in San Francisco, 

Cal., June 21, 1877. Both were buried in Ston- 

ington, Conn. 

PALMER, Potter, capitalist, was born in 
Potts Hollow, Albany county, N.Y., in 1826. His 
parents were Quakers. He was brought upon his 
father’s farm; attended the district school, and 
was a clerk in Lockport, N.Y., 1844-47. He en- 
gaged in business in Oneida, N.Y., 1847-49, and 
in Lockport, N.Y., 1849-52, and in 1852 removed 
to Chicago, Ill, when the city had a population 
_ of 38,000. He established a dry goods store, 
which subsequently became Field, Palmer & 
Lieter, and from which he retired in 1867, invest- 
ing his large fortune in real estate and its im- 
provement, and becoming one of the largest real 


[122 


PALMER 




















































estate owners in the city. The fire of 1871 swept 
away his improvements which were valued a 
several million dollars. He was active in re- 
building the burned district, erected a new hotelon 
the ruins of the Palmer house, and soon recovered 
his entire loss and largely augmented his fortune, 
He was married in 1871, to Bertha, daughter of 
Henry H. Honoré, of Chicago, Ill. He declined the 
position of secretary of the interior in President 
Grant's cabinet in 1870. He was an early mana- 
ger of the Young Men’s Christian association of 
Chicago, and was interested in the World’s Col- 
umbian exposition of 1893, to which enterprise 
he gave the sum of $200,000 to erect the Woman’s 
building, his wife being president of the board of 
lady managers. He died in Chicago, May 3, 1902. 
PALMER, Ray, poet and author, was born a 
Little Compton, R.I., Nov. 12,1808 : son of Thomas 
and Susanna (Palmer) Palmer. He prepared for 
college at Phillips Andover academy, was gradu- 
ated from Yale A.B., 1830, A.M., 1833; taught 
in a New York city school, 1830-31, and at the 
Young Ladies’ institute, New Haven, Conn. 
1831-34. He was married Oct. 3, 1832, to Ann 
Maria, daughter of Marmaduke and Maria (Ogden) 
Ward, of Newark, N.J. Mrs. Palmer died March 
8, 1886. Mr. Palmer was ordained to the Congre- 
gational ministry July 22, 1835, at Bath, Maine, 
and was pastor there, 1835-50, and at Albany, 
N.Y., 1850-66. He was secretary of the American 
Congregational union, 1866-78, and after 1870 re 
sided in Newark, N.J.. where he was acting asso 
ciate pastor of the Bellevue Avenue church, 1881 
84. He was a visitor to Andover Theological 
seminary, 1865-78; a corporate member of the 
A.B.C. of F.M., 1854-87, and a director of the 
American Home Missionary society, 1862-83. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by Union college in 1852. His first hymn, 
My Faith Looks up to Thee, written in 1831, be- 
came widely known and was translated into over 
twenty languages. He is also the author of: 
Memoir of Charles Pond (1829); Memoir of C. L. 
Watson (1889); Doctrinal Text-Book (1889); 
Spiritual Improvement (1839); Hints on the 
Formation of Religious Opinions (1860); Hymns 
and Sacred Pieces (1865); Hymns of My Holy 
Hours (1866); Remember Me (1865); Home (1868 
Earnest Words on True Success in Life (1878); 
Complete Poetical Works (1876) and Voices ©, 
Hope and Gladness (1880). His name received 
one vote for a place in the Hall of Fame, New 
York university, October, 1900. He died in 
Newark, N.J., March 29, 1887. 
PALMER, Thomas Witherell, senator, was 
born in Detroit, Mich., Jan. 25, 1830; son ol 
Thomas and Mary Amy (Witherell) Palme 
grandson of Thomas and Hannah (Barber) Pal 
mer, and of Judge James and Amy (Hawkins 


PALMER 


= 


Witherell, and a descendant of Walter Palmer, 
who emigrated from England with John Endicott 
in 1629, and became an original founder of Charles- 
town, Mass. He after- 
ward removed to Paw- 
catuck (afterward 
Stonington), Conn., 
where he died in 
1661. Thomas Palmer 
was a native of Wind- 
ham county, Conn., 
and one of the pioneer 
' American merchants 
of Detroit. Thomas 
Witherell Palmer ma- 
triculated at the Uni- 
versity of Michigan 
in the class of 1849, 
but was not grad- 
uated owing to the 
weakness of his eyes. He traveled in Europe, 
made a pedestrian tour in Spain, and a tour of 
South America and the southern part of the 
United States, 1848-50. He was engaged as the 
agent of a transportation company and as a mer- 
chant in Appleton, Wis., 1850-52, and in the real 
estate business in Detroit, Mich., 1853-55. In 
1855 he was married to Lizzie Pitts, daughter of 
Charles and Francis (Pitts) Merrill. Mr. Merrill 
was a lumber merchant and mill owner in Sagi- 
naw, Mich., and Mr. Palmer became a partner in 
the business. On the death of her father in 1872, 
Mrs. Palmer inherited his interest and became a 
partner with her husband. He was a member of 
the Michigan board of estimates from Detroit in 
1873; president of the waterways convention at 
Sault Sainte Marie, in August, 1887; a Republican 
state senator in 1878; was defeated for nomina- 
tion for governor of Michigan in 1880 ; elected to 
the U.S. senate in 1883, and at the expiration of 
his term, March 38, 1889, was nominated and con- 
firmed as U.S. minister to Spain, which office he 
resigned in 1890, He was president of the World’s 

~ Columbian commission, 1890-93; became a direc- 
_ tor in the American Exchange National bank, 
_ and was also interested in several other important 
enterprises. He was president of the Detroit 
_ Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 
He received the honorary degree of A.B. from 

_ the University of Michigan in 1876, as of the class 
of 1849. He conducted a large stock farm near 
Detroit, and imported valuable horses and cattle. 
PALMER, Walter Launt, artist, was born in 
Albany, N.Y., Aug. 1, 1854; son of Erastus Dow 

_ Palmer (q. v.). He was a pupil of Frederic E. 
_ Church, Hudson, N.Y., 1870-72, and studied with 
Carolus Duran in Paris in 1873 and 1876. After 
returning to the United States in 1877 he painted 
in New York until 1882, when he removed to 





PALTSITS 


Albany. He was elected a member of the 
Society of American Artists in 1881; an associate 
of the National Academy of Design in 1887, and 
Academician in 1897; amember of the American 
Water-Color society, the Society of American 
Landseape Painters and the Pastel club. He re- 
ceived the second Hallgarten prize. National 
Academy of Design, 1887 ; medal, World's Fair, 
Chicago, 1893; gold medal, Philadelphia, 1894 ; 
Evans prize, New York, 1895; first prize, Boston, 
1895 ; second prize, Nashville Centennial, 1897; 
honorable mention, Paris, 1900 ; and gold medal, 
Pan-American exposition, 1901. Among his 
works are: Dining Room at Appledale (1879); 
An Editor’s Study (1880); Waving Grain (1881); 
Venice (1882); The Out Field (1884); The Inlet 
(1885); An Early Snow (1887); January (1887); 
The Vale of Tawasentha (1895); and The Senator's 
Birthplace (1900). 

PALMER, William Adams, governor of Ver- 
mont and senator,was born in Hebron,Conn., Sept. 
12,1781; son of Joshua and Susanna Palmer, and 
a descendant of Walter Palmer, the immigrant, 
1629. He attended the public schools with seven 
brothers and sisters, and being debarred from 
manual work on account of an accident to his 
hand, studied law in Hebron under Judge Peters. 
and in Chelsea, Vermont, 
under Daniel Buck. He was 
admitted to the bar about 
1802, practising at St. Johns- 
bury until September, 1818, 
when he was married to 
Sarah, daughter of Capt. 
Peter and Sarah Blanchard, 
of Danville, to which place he removed. He was 
clerk of Caledonia county, judge of probate for 
eight years, and judge of the supreme court in 
1816. He served as a_ representative from 
Danville in the state legislature for six terms ; 
was elected by the Democratic legislature to 
the senate in 1818 to fill out the unexpired 
term of James Fisk, resigned, and 
re-elected to a full senatorial term, serving from 
Noy. 16, 1818, to March 8, 1825. He was a repre- 
sentative from Danville in the state legislature, 
1826-27; a delegate to the state constitutional 
convention of 1828 and 1835, and governor of 
Vermont, 1831-35, being elected by the Anti-mas- 
onic party four successive terms in closely con- 
tested elections. - His last public service was as 
a member of the state senate in 1837. He con- 
ducted his farm at Danville until his death. He 
received the honorary degree A.M. from the 
University of Vermont in 1817.. He died in 
Danville, Vt.. Dec. 3, 1860. 

PALTSITS, Victor Hugo, librarian, was born 
in New York city, July 12, 1867 ; son of William 
Thomas and Sidonia Ida (Loose) Paltsits, and 





was 


[123] 


PANCOAST 


grandson of Thomas Matthias and Theresa (LO6w) 
Paltsits, and of John Samuel and Adeline Rosa- 
munde (Schultze) Loose. He attended the com- 
mon schools of New York, 1872-81; took a 
scientific course at the Cooper Institute, N.Y., 
1882-86, and studied Latin, German, Greek, 
Spanish and French in high schools and under 
private tuition. He became connected with the 
Lenox library, Jan. 1, 1888 ; was made assistant 
in the reading room in March, 1890, and sub or 
assistant librarian in the spring of 1893. He 
edited: The Journal of Capt. Willian Pote, Jr., 
1745-47 (1896); Papers relating to the Siege of 
Charleston, S. C., in 1780 (1898); 
Capt. John Gyles, 1689-97 (1902). 
graphical adviser on the editorial staff of Jesuit 
Relations and Allied Documents (73 vols); com- 
piled a bibliography of the Lettres Edifiantes, 
Cleveland, Ohio (1900) and contributed to cyclo- 
peedias, magazines and reviews. He delivered 
the historical address on Capt. Nathan Hale at 
East Haddam, Conn., June 6, 1900. 

PANCOAST, Henry Spackman, author and 
teacher, was born in Germantown, Pa., Aug. 24, 
1858; son of Charles Stacy and Mary Anne 
(Shelmerdine) Pancoast, and grandson of Stacy 
and Eliza (Hatton) Pancoast and of Edward 
and Martha Mitchell (Roberts) Shelmerdine. 
He attended Germantown academy and studied 
under a private tutor, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1882. He was married, June 2, 1897, to 
Dorothea Napier, daughter of Herman Marcus of 
New York. He was a founder of the Indian 
Rights association. and is the author of: Impres- 
sions of the Siowe Tribes in 1882, with some first 
principles in the Indian Question (1882); The In- 
dian beforethe Law (1884); Representative Eng- 
lish Literature (1892); Introduction to English 
Literature (1895); Introduction to American Lit- 
erature (1898); and edited a voluine of Standard 
English Poems (1900). 

PANCOAST, Joseph, surgeon, was born in 
Burlington, N.J., Nov. 23, 1805; son of John and 
Anne (Abbott) Pancoast. His first maternal an- 
cestor in America emigrated from England to 
Pennsylvania with William Penn. He was grad- 
uated at the medical department of the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania in 1828, and settled in prac- 
tice in Philadelphia, Pa., where he married, in 
1829, Rebecca, daughter of Timothy Abbott of that 
city. He taught classes in practical anatomy and 
surgery, was one of the physicians to the Blockley 
hospital in 1834, head physician of the Children’s 
hospital for several years, and one of its visiting 
surgeons, 1838-45. He was professor of surgery 
in Jefferson Medical college, 1838-47, succeeding 
Dr. George McClellan, and was transferred to the 
chair of anatomy, serving 1847-74, when he 
resigned and was succeeded by his son, Dr. Wil- 


He was biblio- 


Captivity of 


PANCOAST 


liam H. Pancoast. He was surgeon to the Penn- — 
sylvania hospital, 1854-64. He performed many — 
novel and skilful operations which are recorded 
in medical works. He was a member of the Amer- 
ican Philosophical society ; the College of Phar- 
macy ; The Philadelphia County Medical society ; 
the Medical Society of Pennsylvania, and other 
scientific institutions. He contributed to the 
American Journal of the Medical Science, The 
American Medical Intelligencer and the Medical 
Examiner; translated J. Frederick Lobstein’s: 
Treatise on the Structure, Functions, and Dis- — 
eases of the Human Sympathetic Nerve from the — 
Latin (1831); edited Manec on the Great Sympa- 
thetic Nerve (1841): Manec on the Cerebro-Spinal. 
Axis of Man (1841); and Quain’s Anatomical 
Plates (1852); and is the author of: Treatise on 
Operative Surgery,with Descriptions of all the New: 
Operations (1844, revised edition, 1852); A System 
of Anatomy for the Use of Students, based on the- 
work of Casper Wistar (1844), and several essays.. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 7, 1882. 
PANCOAST, William Henry, surgeon, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 16, 1835; son of — 
Dr. Joseph and Rebecca (Abbott) Pancoast. 
He was graduated at Haverford college, A.B., 
1853; at Jefferson Medical college, M.D., 1856; 


studied in the hospitals of London, Paris, Vienna, 


and Berlin, 1856-59, and while in Paris was a 
pupil and assistant of the discoverer of the opera- — 
tion of lithotrity. He began practice in Phila- 
delphia in 1859 and soon became: prominent as a 
hospital and private surgeon. In 1861 he entered. 


the army as surgeon-in-chief and second officer — 


in charge of the military hospital in Philadelphia. 
He was demonstrator of anatomy at Jefferson — 
Medical college, 1862-74 ; adjunct professor of ana-. 
tomy during his father’s absence in Europe, 1867— 
68, and 1873-74, and professor of anatomy , 1874— 
97. He was also first president of and professor in 
the Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia, 
1886-96. He was married first, Nov. 18, 1878, to 
Mary Anna Gertrude Lewis; and secondly, to 
Matilda Robb. He secured the bodies of the Sia- 
mese twins in 1874,and conducted the autopsy 
under the auspices of the College of Physicians — 
and Surgeons of Philadelphia, proving that the 
band could not have been safely cut except in — 
childhood. He was a member of the American 
Philosophical society ; the Academy of Natural | 
Sciences ; fellow of the College of Physicians and — 
Surgeons of Philadelphia ; president of the Phila-. 
delphia County Medical society; vice-president of 
the Pennsylvania State Medical society; a member 
of the American Medical association, of the In- — 
ternational Medical congress, 1876 ; corresponding 
member of the Société Clinique de Paris ; first. 
president of the Red Cross Soviety in Pennsyl- 
vania, and of a section of the Pan-American 


[124] 





PAPE 









































Medical congress. He received from Haverford 
‘the honorary degree of A.M., 1876. He died in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 5, 1897. 

PAPE, Eric, artist, was bornin San Francisco, 
Cal., Oct. 17, 1870; son of Friederich Ludwig 
~ Moritz and Maria (Meier) Pape, born in Zeven, 
Province of Hanover, Germany. His father 
~ eame to California and Idaho in the early fifties, 
engaged in mining and prospecting, and was 
married in San Francisco, 1868, to Maria Meier, 
also a native of Zeven, Hanover, Germany. Eric 
‘Pape was educated at the San Francisco School 
of Design, under Boulanger, Lefebvre and others 
in Paris, and at the Ecole des Beaux Arts under 
Gérdme. He traveled in Egypt, 1891-92, and 
subsequently through remote sections of Mexico, 
giving much time and study to the antiquities 
of those two countries. He opened a studio in 
New York city in 1893, where he illustrated 
“The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte,” ‘‘ The 
Building of the Mahomedan Empire,” Life of 
Mahomet” and *‘The Incas of Peru” and exe- 
cuted portraits of *‘ Famous Men and Women” 
for the Century magazine, 1893-95. He was 
married, Aug. 16, 1894, in Dublin, N.H., to Alice, 
daughter of Lewis Baxter, and Adeline Frances 
(Osgood) Monroe. He removed to Boston in 
1897, teaching during that year at the Cowles 
Art school, and founded the Eric Pape school of 
Art in 1898, of which he became the director. 
He illustrated ‘The Fair God” by Gen. Lew 
Wallace, 1898-99, and ‘The Scarlet Letter” by 
Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1901. He exhibited twenty- 
one pictures and one gold bas-relief at the Salon 
Champ de Mars, 1890-1900; and several pictures 
at other exhibitions, including: Exposition du 
Cavie, Egypte, 1892; World’s Columbian exposi- 
tion, Chicago, 1893; Munich Kunst Anstellung, 
1897; Paris exposition, 1900, and Pan-American 
exposition, Buffalo, 1901. His most important 
paintings are: The Spinner of Zeven (1889); The 
eat Sphinx by Moonlight (1891); The Two 
Great Eras (1892); The Angel with the Book of 
Life (1897); Approaching Storm, The Great 
Dune and Early Morning (1900), and Foam 
urges (1902). He-received medals at five exhi- 
bitions. 

4 PARDEE, Ariovistus, philanthropist, was 
born in Chatham, N.Y., Nov. 19, 1810; son of 
Ariovistus and Eliza (Platt) Pardee ; grandson of 
Di Calvin Pardee, who served in the Continental 
army as a surgeon, and of Capt. Israel Platt, 
who served in the New York line, and married 
Abigal Scudder; and a descendant of George 
ee, of Huguenot descent, who settled in New 
ven, Conn., in 1644, and of Martha Miles his 
. Ariovistus Pardee, Jr., was brought up on 
rm , attended the district school, and was a 
employed as rodman and assistant engineer on the 


A 
“7 
e 


PARDEE 


Delaware and Raritan canal in New Jersey, 1830- 
33. He was chief engineer in the survey of the 
Beaver Meadow rail- 
road, Pennsylvania, 
1888-37, and builder 
and superintendent of 
the Hazelton railroad, 
1837-40. He founded 
the city of Hazelton, 
Pa., in 1836; settled 
there in 1840, bought 
anthracite coal prop- 
erties in the Jeddo 
district, and in a few 
years became the 
largest shipper of 
anthracite coal in 
the state. He also 
engaged with Asa 
Packer in the development of coal mines, 
manufactures and railroads in the Lehigh 
Valley. He built a gravity railroad to Penn 
Haven in 1848, as an outlet to the product of 
the mines, which was abandoned in 1860 for 
the improved facilities of the Lehigh Valley 
railroad. He became interested in iron manu- 
factures, and acquired control of the blast furnaces 
in Stanhope, N.J., and subsequently of others in 
New York, Virginia and Tennessee. He purchased 
a tract of forest land in Canada, as large as the 
state of Rhode Island, and another tract ini North 
Carolina, He was president of the Secaucus and 
the Musconetcong fron Works in New Jersey ; 
the Allentown Rolling Mills, and the Union Iron 
Works of Buffalo, N.Y., and a director of the 
Lehigh Valley, and other railroads. He fitted out 
at his own expense a company of U.S. volunteers 
commanded by his eldest son Ario Pardee, who 
attained the brevet rank of brigadier-general, 
Jan. 12, 1865. Through the influence of William 
C. Cattell, president of Lafayette college, he 
contributed in 1864 the sum of $20,000, which 
prevented the college from closing its doors for 
want of funds. He endowed the professorship 
of mathematics in 1864, and the Pardee scientific 
department in 1866. This was followed by 
further donations amounting in 1869 to $200,000. 
He afterward gave $250,000 for Pardee Hall, the 
corner stone of which he laid in 1873, and for the 
scientific equipment of which he gave $50,000 in 
all. The building was destroyed by fire in 1879, 
when it was rebuilt. He was president of the 
board of trustees of Lafayette college, 1882-92 ; 
president of the state board controlling the 
second geological survey of Pennsylvania, and a 
presidential elector in 1876. His benefactions 
extended to various charitable organizations of 
which he was an officer. He was married, first, to 
Elizabeth, daughter of John and Ellen Jacobs of 





(125] 


PARDEE 


Luzerne county, and secondly, in 1849, to Anna 
Maria, daughter of William Robinson of Blooms- 
bury, Pa. He died while on a visit to Rock Ledge, 
Indian River, Fla., March 26, 1892. 

PARDEE, Don Albert, jurist, was born in 
Wadsworth, Ohio, March 29, 1837; son of Aaron 
and Eveline (Eyles) Pardee ; grandson of Ebenezer 
and Anna (Minon) Pardee and of William and 
Polly (Duthick) Eyles, and a descendant of 
George Pardee, settled in New Haven, Conn., 
between 1637 and 1642. He was appointed to the 
U.S. naval academy in 1854, but left in 1857 to 
study law with his father,and was admitted to 
the bar in 1859. He entered the volunteer army 
in 1861 as major of the 42d Ohio regiment, was 
promoted lieutenant-colonel, and took part in 
the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Port, 
Port Gibson, Raymond, Champion’s Hill, and in 
two assaults on Vicksburg, serving during the 
siege as inspector-general of the 18th corps. He 
was mustered out in December, 1864, and on 
March 138, 1855, was brevetted colonel and briga- 
dier-general. He practised law in New Orleans, 
1865-67; was registrar in bankruptcy for the 
third congressional district of Louisiana, 1867-68 ; 
judge of the 2d judicial district ; 1868-81 ; member 
of the state constitutional convention of 1879; 
Republican candidate for attorney-general of 
Louisiana, 1880, and in 1881 was appointed circuit 
judge for the fifth judicial circuit embracing 
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana 
and Texas. In June, 1898, he removed from New 
Orleans to Atlanta, Ga. 

PARET, William, sixth bishop of Maryland, 
and 137th in succession in the American episco- 
pate, was born in New York city, Sept. 23, 1826; 
son of John and Hester (Levi) Paret ; and grand- 
son of Stephen Paret, a native of Tricolet, France, 

who immigrated to 

POT Em America and settled 

in New York about 
1765. William Paret 
was prepared for col- 
lege in the grammar 
school of Columbia 
college, and gradua- 
ted at Hobart in 1849 
and the same year 
was married to Maria 
G., daughter of Isaac 
and Agnes Peck of 
Flushing, L.L., N.Y. 
He was prepared for 
holy orders under 
Bishop William H. 
Delancey ; was admitted to the diaconate by 
Bishop Chase in 1852 and was ordained priest in 
1858. He was rector of St. John’s church, Clyde, 
N. Y., 1852-54; Zion church, Pierrepont Manor, 





PARK 


N.Y., 1854-64; St. Paul’s church, Saginaw, Mich., 
1864-66 ; Trinity church, Elmira, N.Y., 1866-68 ; 
Christ church, Williamsport, Pa., 1868-76, and 
Church of the Epiphany, Washington, D.C., 1876- 
84. He was elected bishop of Maryland in 1884 to 
succeed Bishop William Pinkney who died July 
7, 1883, and he was consecrated in the Church of 
the Epiphany, Washington, D.C., Jan. 8, 1885, by 
Bishops Lee, Lay, Stevens, Neely, Howe, Lyman 
and Whitehead. By his counsel and influence 
the new diocese of Washington was created out 
of the diocese of Maryland in 1895, but he con- 
tinued from choice to administer in his old dio- 
cese. He received from Hobart college the de- 
gree of D.D. in 1867, and LL.D. in 1886. He was 
married secondly, in 1900, to Mrs. Sarah Hayden 
Haskell, daughter of Levi G. and Mary E. (Belden) 
Hayden. He is the author of St. Peter and the 
Primacy of the Roman See ; Our Freedom and 
Our Catholic Heritage, and The Method and Work 
of Lent. 

PARK, Edwards Amasa, theologian, was 
born in Providence, R.I., Dec. 29, 1808: son of the 
Rev. Dr. Calvin (1774-1847) and Abigail (Ware) 
Park; grandson of Nathan and Ruth (Bannister) 
Park, and a descendant on his maternal side of 
the Rev. Samuel Ware of Wrentham, Mass. He 
was graduated from Brown university in 1826, 
and from the Andover Theological seminary in 
1831. He was ordained to the Congregational 
ministry in 1831, and was pastor of the First 
church, Braintree, Mass., 1831-33: and professor 
of mental and moral philosophy and Hebrew 
literature at Amherst college, 1835-36. He was 
married in 1836 at Hunter, N.Y., to Ann Maria, 
daughter of: William and Rebecca (Tappan) Ed- 
wards, and great-granddaughter of the Rey. Jon- 
athan Edwards. He was professor of sacred rhe- 
toric at Andover Theological seminary, 1836-47 ; 
professor of Christian theology, 1847-81, and pro- 
fessor emeritus, 1881-1900. He was one of the 
foremost upholders of the Andover creed, and 
became involved in a controversy with several 
fellow professors, in which he held that their 
teachings were inconsistent with the creed. The 
case was brought before an ecclesiastical court, 
by which Dr. Park was not sustained. The hon- 
orary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by 
Harvard in 1844, and by Brown in 1846, and that 
of LL.D. by Brown in 1886. He was a member- 
of the Massachusetts Historical society, the New 
England Historic Genealogical society, and the 
Victoria Institute of England ; a fellow of Brown 
university, 1863-1900 ; a trustee of Smith college ; 
president of the board of trustees of Abbot acad- 
emy for thirty-six years, anda charter member 
of the A.B.C.F.M. He founded and edited the 
Bibliotheca Sacra (4 vols., 1844-84), and was a 
member of the staff of the Sabbath Hymn Book. 


[126] 


¥ 





PARK 
















































He contributed articles to the American Quarterly 
Register, The Spirit of the Pilgrims, and the 
Congregational Quarterly, also to Smith’s ‘* Dic- 
tionary of the Bible ;” Cyclopedia of Biblical 
J Eeeereture,” and the ‘‘ Schaff-Herzog Encyclope- 
ia.” Heis the author of : memoirs of The Rev. 
Ch arles B. Storrs (1833), William Bradford 
Homer (1842), Prof. B. B. Edwards (1852), Pro- 
fessor Moses Stuart (1852), The Rev. Samuel Hop- 
a ins (1854), The Rev. J. M. Manning (1855), The 
. Nathanael Emmons (1861), The Rev. Joseph 
g. Clark (1861), Dr. Samuel H. Taylor (1871), 
I ichard S. Storrs (1874), The Rev. Samuel C. 
Jackson (1878), Leonard Woods (1880), and 
William G. Schauffler (1887), and he ‘also pub- 
lished Duties of a Theologian (1839); Selections 
from German Literature (1839); Unity and Diver- 
sity of Belief (1851); Theological Education (1865) ; 
Ess ay on the History of Laura D. Bridgman 
“4 1878); Associate Creed of Andover Theological 
Se inary (1883); Discourses on Some Theological 
Doctrines as Related to the Religious Character 
(1885), and many essays, addresses and sermons. 
i He died at Andover, Mass., June 5, 1900. 
PARK, Milton, journalist, was born’ in 
Augusta, Ga., Jan. 1, 1846; son of the Rev. Dr. 
John Thompson Sankey and Tabitha Ann Park ; 
grandson of Joseph Littlejon and Sarah Owen 
- (Musgrove) Park, and a descendant of John Park, 
of Donegal, Ireland. He attended the Orion, 
Ala., Institute and was graduated from Mercer 
n iversity, Penfield, Ga. He served in the Con- 
federate army from March 13, 1862, until Dec. 
1864, participating in all the battles of the Army 
of Tennessee. On Feb. 5, 1875, he married Alice 
‘Valeria, daughter of Mack Wimberly of Green- 
ville, Ala. He was president of South Ala- 
bama Female college, Greenville, Ala., 1883-85, 
and of Kyle (Texas) seminary, 1890-91, and in 
1891 became editor of Southern Mereury, Dallas, 
He was chairman of the Populist national 
aaa committee, 1896-1900 : and presidential 
lector at large on the Populist ticket in 1900. 
P ARK, Roswell, educator, was born in Leba- 
1, Conn., Oct. 1, 1807 ; son of Avery and Betsey 
ech) Park ; grandson of Roswell and Eunice 
lewenther) Park, and of Daniel and Zerviah 
(Witter) Meech, and a descendant of Robert 
Parke, who emigrated from Preston, England, to 
nerica in 1630, settled in Roxbury, Mass., re- 
moved to Wethersfield, Conn., in 1639; from 
there to New London, in 1649, and was repre- 
tative to the general court, 1641-42 and 1652. 
_ parents removed to Burlington, Otsego 
nty, N.Y., where he prepared for college. He 
iculated at Hamilton college, N.Y., but left 
27 before graduating to enter the U.S. mil- 
academy, where he was graduated first in 
the ‘class of 1831, and promoted 2d lieutenant in 


. fret, Conn.. 


lor, 1859-63. 


PARK 


the U.S. corps of topographical engineers, July 1, 
1831. The same season he passed the final ex- 
amination at Union college and was graduated 
with the class of 1831, He was assistant engin- 
eer at Fort Adams, 1831-33, at Fort Warren, 
1833-36, at the Delaware Breakwater, 1836, and 
resigned from the army, Sept. 30, 1836. He was 
professor of chemistry and natural philosophy in 
the University of Pennsylvania, 1836-42. He 
prepared for holy orders under Bishgp G. W. 
Doane in Burlington, N,J., 1842-48 ; was admitted 
to the diaconate, Sept. 10, 1843 ; ordained priest 
May 28, 1844; was rector of Christ church, Pom- 
1843-52, and conducted the school 
known as Christ Church Hall, 1845-52. He de- 
clined the presidency of Norwich university, Vt., 
in 1850; spent six months in Europe, 1852; 
founded and was the first president of Racine 
college, Racine, Wis., 1852-59, and its chancel- 
He was instrumental in having 
St. John’s school, Delafield, Wis., unite with 
Racine college, and in introducing the elec- 
tive course of study, and discontinuing the two- 
year scientific course. He was rectdr of St. 
Luke’s church at Racine, Wis., 1859-63, and rector 
and proprietor of Immanuel Hall, a literary and 
scientific school near Chicago, Ill., 1863-69. He 
received the degree A.M. from Union college in 
1836, and from Hamilton college in 1837, and that 
of D.D. from Norwich university in 1850. He 
was an original member of the American Associ- 
ation for the Advancement of Science, and held 
various offices of trust. He was married first, 
Dec. 28, 1836, to Mary Brewster, daughter of Ben- 
jamin F. and Mary C. (Coolidge) Baldwin, of 
Woburn, Mass., and secondly, April 25, 1860, to 
Eunice Elizabeth, daughter of Gardner and Eliza- 
beth Niles. He is the author of: Juvenile and 
Miscellaneous Poems (1836); Sketch of the History 
of West Point (1840); Pantology (1841); Handbook 
for Travelers in Europe (1853); Jerusalem and 
other Poems (1857) and text-books for his pupils’ 
use. He died in Chicago, IIl., July 16, 1869. 
PARK, Trenor William, financier, was born 
in Woodford, Vt., Dec. 8, 1823; son of Luther 
and Cynthia (Pratt) Park, and a descendant of 
Richard Park, who came from Hadleigh, Suffolk, 
England, to Cambridge, Mass., about 1655. He 
removed to Bennington, Vt., with his parents 
about 1826, and was admitted to the bar in 1844, 
and conducted a law office. He was married, 
Dec. 15, 1846, to Laura, daughter of Gov. Willard 
Hall, of Bennington. In 1852 he removed with 
his father-in-law to California and became a 
member of the law firm of Halleck, Peachy & 
Billings of San Francisco. He also engaged in 
real estate operations in that city, and acquired 
a large fortune. He assisted James King in 
establishing the San Francisco Bulletin in 1855, 


[127] 


PARKE 


and after the assassination of Mr. King became 
attorney of the vigilance committee, which deliv- 
ered the city from the power of lawless ruftians. 
In 1857 he was defeated by D. C. Broderick for 
the U.S. senate. He was associated with John 
C. Frémont in the Mariposa estate and in gold 
mines. His wife having died, he married, sec- 
ondly, Elia, daughter of O. C. Nichols of San 
Francisco. He returned to Bennington, Vt., in 
1863, established the First National bank, and 
was a representative in the state legislature. 
He assisted in the reorganization of the Ver- 
mont Central railroad ; purchased the Western 
Vermont railroad, and began the construction of 
the Lebanon Springs railroad, hoping to make 
Bennington a great railroad centre, but receiv- 
ing no support, he abandoned the plan, after 
losing a large fortune in the venture. He was 
associated with General Baxter in Nevada in the 
ownership of the Emmamine in 1872, was a di- 
rector of the Pacific Mail Steamship company for 
several years, and owned a controlling interest in 
the Panama railroad, of which he was president, 
1874-82. He was a trustee of the University of 
Vermont, 1865-67, to which he gave the Park Art 
Gallery ; contributed liberally to the New York 
Tribune ‘‘Fresh Air Fund”; established the 
Bennington Free Library, and was a member of 
the committee on the design of the Bennington 
battle monument. He died at sea on his way to 
Panama, Central America, Dec. 13, 1882. 
PARKE, Benjamin, jurist, was born in New 
Jersey, Sept. 2, 1777. He removed to Lexington, 
Ky., in 1797, studied law with James Brown, sec- 
retary to Governor Shelby, and was admitted to 
the bar. He married Eliza Barton of Lexington, 
and in 1801 removed to Vincennes, Ind. Ter. 
He was attorney-general of the territory, 1804— 
08, succeeding John Rice Jones; a representative 
in the first territorial legislature in 1805; and 
on Noy. 9, 1806, with William Henry Harrison 
and others, he became a trustee of the proposed 
University of Vincennes within the borough of 
Vincennes. He was the first territorial delegate 
to the 9th and 10th congresses, 1805-08, resign- 
ing to accept the appointment as territorial 
judge of Indiana by President Jefferson, serving 
1808-17. He was a member of the state constitu- 
tional convention at Corydon, June 10, 1816, and 
was a member of the committee appointed by 
that body July 19 to designate the township to be 
set apart by the President of the United States 
for the use of a seminary of learning; Perry, 
Monroe county, being selected and named for the 
President and Commodore Perry. He was judge 
of the U.S. district court for Indiana, March 6, 
1817-35. In 1811 he raised a company of dra- 
goons and went to the relief of the frontier set- 
tlers. Heserved on Governor Harrison’s staff in 


PARKE 


his treaty with Tecumseh and in the battle of 
Tippecanoe, was promoted major, and com- 
manded the cavalry after the death of Major 


Daviess. He lost his fortune in a bank venture 


at Vincennes, and subsequently removed to Sa-- 


lem, Ind. He founded the law library of the 
supreme court of Indiana, was instrumental in 
establishing the public library at Vincennes, and 
was a promoter and trustee of Vincennes univer- 
sity, 1806-35. He also organized and was first 
president of the Indiana Historical society. He 
died in Salem, Ind., July 12, 1835. 

PARKE, John Grubb, soldier, was born in 
Chester county, Pa., Sept. 22, 1827 ; son of Francis 
and Sarah (Gardner) Parke, and a descendant of 
John Parke, one of the early settlers of Chester 
county. He entered atthe University of Pennsy!- 
yania with the class 
of 1847.) buts letimab 
the close of his sopho- 
more year and was 
graduated from the 
U.S. Military aca- 
demy second in the 
class of 1849, being 
assigned to the topo- 
graphical engineers. 
He engaged in various 
surveys, including 
that of the boundary 
line between Iowa 
and Minnesota, 1849- 
50, and was secretary 
of the board for 
the improvement of lake harbors and western 
rivers, 1852-53. He was promoted 2d heutenant 
April 18, 1854, engaging in the second survey of 
Southern California, 1854-56, and ist lieutenant 
July 1, 1856, and was chief astronomer and sur- 
veyor in settling the northwest boundary, 1857- 
61, under the treaty of 1846. He was commis- 
sioned captain of the 13th U.S. infantry in 1861, 
but declined to serve, was promoted captain of 
topographical engineers Sept. 9, 1861, and briga- 
dier-general of volunteers Nov. 28, 1861. He ac- 
companied General Burnside on the expedition 
to North Carolina, 1861-62, being assigned to the 
command of the 38d brigade, with which he en- 
gaged in gaining possession of Roanoke Island, 
Sept. 7, 1862, Newbern, March 14, 1862, and Fort 
Macon, April 25, 1862. He was brevetted lieuten- 
ant-colonel, U.S.A., April 26, 1862, for services 
in the capture of Fort Macon, and major-general, 
U.S. volunteers, July 18, 1862. He was engaged in 
the movement to Newport News, Fredericksburg 
and Washington, D.C., in 1862, and was chief of 
staff of the 9th army corps, Army of the Poto- 
mac, commanded by General Burnside, during 
the Maryland campaign, at South Mountain and 





[128] 





- 


CaS Ra 5 nla) 


‘ne oe et te enna a hit ab ate. tee 


oy ear ee Paty halal 8 


oe 


SP tt 








" PARKE 


Antietam, and in the pursuit of the enemy to 
Warrenton, Va., September-November, 1862. 
When Burnside assumed command of the 
Army of the Potomac, Noy. 10, 1862, he became 
his chief-of-staff, and in the Rappahannock cam- 
paign engaged in the battle of Fredericksburg, 
Dec. 13, 1862. He was promoted captain of the 
corps of engineers, U.S.A., March 3, 1863. When 
Burnside took command of the Department of the 
Ohio in 1863, General Parke was transferred with 
the 9th army corps to Kentucky in March, 1863, 
and to Grant’s army before Vicksburg, June 14- 
17, 1863. He commanded the corps during the 
siege, and at the surrender of that city, July 4, 
1863, was brevetted colonel, U.S.A., July 12, 1863, 
for “gallant and meritorious services” in the 
capture of Jackson, Miss., and commanded the 
left wing of General Sherman’s army in the re- 
occupation of that city, July 16, 1863. He com- 
manded the corps in the Department of the Ohio 
during the East Tennessee campaign, being en- 
gaged in the action of Blue Spring, Oct. 10, 1863 ; 
the defence of Knoxville, Nov, 17-Dec. 4, 1868 ; 
and in the operations against General Longstreet, 
January-February, 1864. When General Burn- 
side resumed command of the 9th corps he ac- 
companied him in the march to Virginia, 
March 17-May 8, 1864, and acted as chief-of-staff 
_ toGeneral Burnside in the Wilderness and Spott- 
 sylvania campaigns. On May 24, 1864, the corps 
was regularly assigned to the Army of the 
Potomac. He was promoted major in the corps 
of engineers, June 17, 1864, was on sick leave 
July-August, 1864, and commanded the 9th army 
corps, Army of the Potomac, during the Rich- 
mond campaign, Aug. 13, 1864—-April 2, 1865 ; was 
engaged in the siege of Petersburg, the combat 
at Peeble’s Farm, Sept. 3; at Hatcher's Run, Oct. 
27,1864; the assault on Fort Stedman, March 25, 
_ 1865, and the final surrender of Lee at Appomat- 
tox. He was brevetted brigadier-general, U.S.A., 
~ March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious serv- 
ices in the defence of Knoxville and major-gen- 
dea U.S.A., for the repulse of Fort Stedman, 
_ Va. He commanded the district of Alexandria, 
May-July, 1865, and the southern district of New 
York, 1865-66. He was mustered out of the vol- 
_ unteer service Jan. 15, 1866, and resumed charge 
of the northwestern boundary survey, Sept. 28, 
1866. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel in the 

_ corps of engineers, March 4, 1879 : colonel, March 
17, 1884; was superintendent of the U.S. Military 
academy, 1887-89, and was retired at his own re- 
quest, after forty years’ service, July 2, 1889. He 
_ Was married to Ellen, daughter of George Blight 
of Philadelphia. He compiled Laws of the Uni- 
ted States Relating to Publie Works for the Im- 
provement of Rivers and Harbors (1877, new ed. 


1887); Laws Relating to the Construction of 


PARKER 


Bridges Over Navigable Waters (1882, new ed. 
1887); Opinions of <Attorneys-Generul Relative 
to Acquisition of Lands, Bridges, Contracts, ete. 
(1882), and is the author of various reports in 
Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route 
from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. 
He died in Washington, D.C., Dec. 15, 1900. 

PARKER, Abraham X., representative, was 
born in Granville, Vt., Nov. 14, 1831: son of 
Isaac and Amanda (Patrick) Parker ; grandson 
of Abraham (1768-1829) and Sarah (Whitney) 
Parker ; great-grandson of Joseph (4th) Parker, 
a minute man and soldier at Bunker Hill, and a 
descendant of Joseph Parker, who came from 
Newbury, England, to Newbury, Mass., in 1638, 
at the age of twenty-four, removing later with 
his brother Nathan to Andover, Mass., where his 
descendant, Joseph (4th) was born, 1735. Abra- 
ham Parker’s maternal grandfather was Joseph 
Patrick, of Scotch-Irish extraction, who was 
town clerk of Granville, Vt., for more than forty 
years. Isaac Parker served in the Vermont leg- 
islature, moved to Potsdam, N.Y., in 1840, and 
there became a farmer, town superintendent of 
schools and supervisor. Abraham X. Parker at- 
tended St. Lawrence academy, Potsdam, and 
the Albany Law school, and was admitted to the 
bar in Albany, 1854, returning to Potsdam to 
practice. He was married in 1857, to Mary J., 
daughter of Alpheus Wright, of Potsdam. He 
was a member of the assembly, 1863-64, refusing 
re-nomination in 1865. He was elector-at-large on 
the Republican presidential ticket in 1876, and a 
representative from the nineteenth and twenty- 
second districts in the 47th, 48th, 49th and 50th 
congresses, 1881-89. He served on the judiciary 
and other important committees, and in the 50th 
congress was a member of the special committee 
appointed to investigate the coal and railroad 
employee strikes and other labor difficulties 
affecting the commerce of four states which were 
visited and inspected by the committee. After 
this public service he returned to Potsdam and 
resumed his Jaw practice until his appointment 
by President Harrison as assistant U.S. attorney- 
general. Sept. 8, 1890. With the change of ad- 
ministration, March 4, 1898, he resigned, but was 
retained in office upon the request of Attorney- 
General Olney, to complete important work, un- 
til the adjournment of the supreme court in May. 
He took active interest in the educational institu- 
tions of Potsdam, and became president of the 
Thomas §S. Clarkson Memorial School of Tech- 
nology. 

PARKER, Alton Brooks, jurist, was born in 
Cortland, N.Y., May 14, 1852; son of John Brooks 
and Harriet F. (Straton) Parker; grandson of 
John and Elizabeth (Brooks) Parker, and great- 
grandson of John and Olive (Temple) Parker, of 


: [129] 


PARKER 


Massachusetts. He was educated in the academy 
at Cortland, and at the Cortland Normal school ; 
studied law in the office of Schoonmaker & Har- 
denburgh, at Kingston, N.Y., and taught school 
in Ulster county. He was graduated at the 
Albany Law school in 1872. He was married 
Oct. 16, 1873, to Mary L., daughter of M. I. and 
Phebe (Decker) Schoonmaker, of Rochester, U1- 
ster county, N.Y. He practiced law in Kingston, 
N.Y., in partnership with W.5. Kenyon, 1872-78, 
and afterward alone until November, 1885. He 
was surrogate of Ulster county, 1€77-85, a dele- 
gate to the Democratic national convention in 
1884, and declined the office of first assistant 
postmaster-general, in 1885. He was chairman 
of the Democratic state executive committee in 
1885; was appointed a justice of the supreme 
court of New York in 1885, and the year follow- 
ing was elected to that office without opposition, 
serving, 1886-98. He was a member of the court 
of appeals, 2d division, 1889-92, and on the disso- 
lution of the court in 1892, became a member of 
the general term of the supreme court of New 
York, serving 1893-96, and of the appellate divi- 
sion of the supreme court, 1896-97, and on Jan. 1, 
1898, became chief judge of the court of appeals 
of New York. 

PARKER, Amasa Junius, jurist, was born in 
Ellsworth, Conn., June 2, 1807; sonof the Rev. 
Daniel and Anna (Fenn) Parker; grandson of 
Armasa Parker, of Wallingford, Conn., and a de- 
scendant of William Parker, of Hartford, Conn. 
His parents removed 
to Hudson, Ney.) in 
1816, and he received 
a good education 
under the tutelage of 
his father. He was 
principal of the Hud- 
academy, 1823- 
graduated 
from Union college, 
Schenectady, N.Y., 
on examination, in 
1825; was admitted 
to the bar in October, 
1828, and became a 
partner of his uncle, 


son 
oy 


Wks 


was 





QrivateS bavi 


Amasa Parker. at 
Delhi, N.Y. He was married Aug. 27, 1834, 


to Harriet Langdon, daughter of Edmund and 
Catharine Whipple (Langdon) Roberts, of 
Portsmouth, N.H. He was a member of the 
state assembly, 1883-34 ; was district attorney of 
Delaware county, N.Y., 1834-87; was a Demo- 
cratic representative in the 25th congress, 1837- 
39, and was vice-chancellor and circuit judge of 
the third circuit, 1844-47. He presided at the 
anti-rent trials of 1845, and disposed of 240 cases 


PARKER 


in three weeks. He was judge of the supreme 


court, 1847-55, during one year of which he was — 


on the bench of the court of appeals. In 1856 he 
was the Democratic nominee for governor of 
New York, John A. King, Republican, being 
elected. Erastus Brooks, Native American, was. 
also his opponent. In 1858 he was again defeated 
for governor, Edward D. Morgan, Republican, be- 
ing elected. He was appointed U.S. district at- 
torney for the southern district of New York, by 
President Buchanan, in 1854, but declined the 
position and also that of U.S. minister to Russia, 
He was a delegate to the state constitutional con- 
vention of 1867 and 1868. He was a member of the 
board of regents of the University of the State 
of New York, 1835-44, the youngest regent ever 
elected in the state ; was president of the board 
of trustees of Albany Female college for many 
years ; trustee of Cornell university, 1871-90, and 


a trustee of the Albany Medical college, and — 


president of the board of trustees, 1875-90. In 
1851, in conjunction with Amos Dean and Ira 
Harris, he founded the Albany Law school in 
which he filled an important professorship. 
was a corresponding member of the Buffalo His- 
torical society for twenty-one years. The honor- 
ary, degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by 
(Geneva) Hobart college, in 1846. He edited: 
Reports of Criminal Cases (6 vols., 1855-69), and 
assisted in editing the Revised Statutes of 1859 
(3 vols.), and was a commissioner of revision of 
the New York statutes. He died in Albany, N.Y., 
May 13, 1890. 

PARKER, Amasa Junius, lawyer, was born in 
Delhi, N.Y., May 6, 1843; son of Judge Amasa 
Junius and Harriet Langdon (Roberts) Parker. 
He attended the Albany academy, and was gradu- 
ated at Union college, A.B., 1863, A.M., 1866, 
and at the Albany Law school, 1884; and was a 
law partner with his father, 1865-90. He was 
major and aide-de-camp, 8d division, N.G.S. 
N.Y., 1866 ; ieutenant-colonel, 1875 ; colonel, 10th 
regiment, 1877, and brigadier-general command- 
ing the 31 brigade, 1886-91. He was president of 
the National Guard association, 1878-80 ; member 


of the state assembly, 1882, and state senator, — 


1886-87, 1892-93 and 1894-95. He compiled the 
new military code adopted by the state legisla- 
ture in 1883. 


the board of trustees of the Albany Law school ; 


trustee of the Albany Medical college ; trustee of 
Union college, 1878-82 ; president of the board of — 


trustees of the Young Men's association of Albany; 
trustee of the Union Trust company of New York 
city, and president of the board of managers of 
the Hudson River State Hospital for the Insane, 
Poughkeepsie, N.Y., for sixteen years. After 
1890 he continued the practice of law alone. 


[130] 


Hew 


He served as president of the | 
Albany Young Men’s association; president of 









































PARKER 


PARKER, Cortlandt, lawyer, was born at 
Perth Amboy, N.J., June 27, 1818; son of James 
and Penelope (Butler) Parker ; grandson of James 
Parker, who was one of the Proprietors of the 
colony of New Jersey. He bore off the honors of 
his class at Rutgers college; delivered the vale- 
; dictory, and was gra- 
duated A. B., 1836, 
A.M., 18389. He stu- 
died law under Theo- 
dore Frelinghuysen 
and Amzi Armstrong, 
and established him- 
self in practice at 
Newark, N.J., in 1839. 
His practice contin- 
ued to increase for 
some eight years and 
in September, 1847, 
he was married to 
Elizabeth Wolcott, 
daughter of Richard 
5 W. Stites of Morris- 
town, formerly of Savannah, Ga. He was pros- 
-ecutor of pleas for Essex county, 1857-67. He de- 
clined a seat on the supreme bench of New Jersey 
in 1867, the judgeship of the court of Alabama 
claims offered by President Grant in 1874; the 
mission to Russia offered by President Hayes in 
1877, and that to Austria offered by President 
Arthur in 1882. He was named by Governor 
Newell with others to the legislature, for the 
office of chancellor during the vacancy in that 
court in 1888, and was twice a prominent candi- 
date before the legislature for U.S. senator. He 
also declined the nomination by the Republican 
convention, after it was made, for representative 
in congress. During the civil war and the re- 
eonstruction period he was a leader for the 
Union and for the civil rights of the freedmen. 
He was one of the revisors of the statutes of New 
Jersey in 1875; was sent to Louisiana in 1876 by 
President Grant to witness the count of electoral 
votes ; was commissioner to establish the bound- 
ary line between New Jersey and Delaware, and 
was largely instrumental in the forming and pas- 
sage of the general railroad law which removed 
ay | abundant source of corruption. He acted for 
the defense in no less than thirteen homicide 
bases, several of them very celebrated, and was 
concerned either for the paintiff or the defend- 
ant in almost all civil suits of great importance 
occurring in the state during his active practice. 
His power over a jury was phenomenal. He tried 
cases in every county in the state, as well as in 
New York and Philadelphia, and in the supreme 
eourt of the United States. He was the counsel 
of the Erie Railway company, and president of 
the American Bar association, of the State Bar 


Pra 


PARKER 


association and of the Essex County Bar associa- 
tion. The College of New Jersey and Rutgers 
college conferred upon him the honorary degree 
of LL.D. in 1866. He was influential in the coun- 
cils of the Protestant Episcopal church, as 4 del- 
egate.to the Diocesan convention yearly for about 
forty years, and as a representative of his diocese 
in five general conventions, 

PARKER, Ely Samuel, soldier, was born in 


the Indian reservation, Tonawanda, N.Y., in 1828; 


grandson of Red-Jacket, chief of the Wolf tribe, 
Seneca Indians, Six Nations. He was a full- 
blooded Indian, and chief in turn of his tribe, his 
Indian name being ‘ On-E-Don-E-Wag-Wa.” 
He was educated in the public schools; took a 
course at the Rensselaer Polytechnic institute at 
Troy, N.Y., and studied law, but as Indians had 
no claim to citizenship at that time, he could not 
be admitted to the bar. Hesubsequently entered 
the employ of the U.S. government as an engin- 
eer and in that capacity superintended the erec- 
tion of the U.S. custom house and marine hospi- 
tal at Galena, Ill., 1858-61. He there became the 
intimate friend of Ulysses 8. Grant. When Gen. 
C. F. Smith assumed command at Paducah Parker 
was appointed on the engineer corps, and when 
Grant was before Vicksburg Parker was commis- 
sioned captain and assistant adjutant-general on. 
his staff, May 25, 1863, and served as lieutenant- 
colonel and military secretary to Grant from 
Aug, 30, 1864, to July 25, 1866, succeeding Gen. 
W. R. Rowley. He wrote from Grant’s dictation 
the terms of capitulation at the surrender of Lee, 
and was mustered out of the volunteer service 
July 1, 1866. He was appointed 2d lieutenant in 
the 2d cavalry March 22, 1866, served as colonel 
and aide-de-camp to General Grant from July 25, 
1866, to March 4, 1869, was promoted Ist lieuten- 
ant of the 2d cavalry, June 1, 1867, and resigned 
April 24, 1869. He was brevetted colonel of vol- 
unteers, Feb. 24, 1865, for faithful and meritori- 
ous services; brigadier-general of volunteers 
April 9, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services 
during the cam paign terminating in the surren- 
der of the army under General Lee, and 1st lieu- 
tenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel 
and brigadier general in the U.S. army March 2, 
1867, for faithfuland meritorious services during 
the civil war. He served as U.S. commissioner 
of Indian affairs, 1869-71; then resumed the pro- 
fession of civil engineering, and was appointed 
on the police department of New York city, 
where he superintended repairs in department 
buildings and the purchase of supplies, 1876-99. 
He died at Fairfield, Conn., Aug, 31, 1895. 
PARKER, Foxhall Alexander, naval officer, 
was born in New York city, Aug. 5, 1821: son of 
Foxhall Alexander and Sara ( Bogardus) Parker : 
grandson of William Harwar and Mary (Sturman) 


(131] 


PARKER 


Parker, and of Gen. Robert Bogordus ; great- 
grandson of Judge Richard and Elizabeth (Beale) 
Parker, great?-grandson of Alexander and 
(Harwar) Parker, anda descendant of Thomas 
and Elinor, Parker, who settled in Rappahannock 
county, Va., in the 17th century. He was ap- 
pointed midshipman in the U.S. navy in 1839, 
attached to the Lavant of the West India squad- 
ron in 1840, served in Florida against the Indians, 
and was graduated at the naval school, Philadel- 
phia, Pa., and promoted passed midshipman June 
29,1843. He served on the Michigan on the lakes, 
1844-45, on the coast survey in 1848, and on the 
St. Lawrence, Mediterranean squadron, 1849-50. 
He was promoted leutenant Sept. 28, 1850; served 
on the Susquehanna in the East India squadron, 
1851-53, on the coast survey, 1854-55, and in the 
Pacific squadron, 1859-61. His brother William 
Harwar Parker (q.v.) resigned from the U.S. navy 
in 1861 and joined the Confederate navy. Foxhall 
Alexander Parker was executive officer at the navy 
yard, Washington, D.C., 1861-62, and served with 
the navy on the Potomac at Alexandria, Va., 
where he manned Fort Ellsworth July 23, after 
the battle of Bull Run, with 250 seamen and ma- 
rines to protect Washington. He was promoted 
commander July 16, 1862, and was given com- 
mand of the U.S. gunboat Mahaska. He com- 
manded the Wabash off Charleston, §.C., and the 
naval battery on 
Morris Island, 
at the bombard- 
ment of Fort 
Sumter, Aug. 17- 
23, 1863, and en- 
gaged the batter- 
eee i2s on the Poto- 
=>~—~~ ac and Rappa- 
sl sannock rivers 

and the Confed- 
erate forts off Wilmington, N.C. Hecommanded 
the Potomac flotilla after September, 1863. He was 
promoted captain July 25, 1866, and was employed 
in the bureau of navigation at Washington, D.C. 
He commanded the Franklin on the European 
squadron, 1870-71 ; was chief of staff to the North 
Atlantic fleet in 1872, and drew up a code of sig- 
nals for steam tactics September, 1872. He was 
promoted commodore Noy. 25, 1872; served as 
chief signal officer of the U.S. navy, 1873-76; 
and in December, 1874, was detached to act as 
chief of staff of the united fleets under Admiral 
.Case, assembled for instruction in tactics in the 
Florida waters. He commanded the navy yard 
at Boston, Mass., 1876-78, and in 1878 was made 
superintendent of the U.S. naval institute, Annap- 
olis, Md., of which he was one of the organizers, 
Oct. 9, 1873. He prepared by order of the navy 
department, systems of Fleet Tactics under Steam 








ca 


USS. WABASH. 


PARKER 


(1863), Squadron Tactics under Steam (1863), The 
Naval Howitzer Afloat (1865), and The Naval 
Howitzer Ashore(1866), all text books at the naval 
academy. He is the author of: The Fleets of the 
World, The Galley Period (1876), and The Battle 
of Mobile Bay, and the Capture of Forts Powell, 
Gaines and Morgan, under the Command of 
David G. Farragut and Gordon Granger (1878). 
He died in Annapolis, Md., June 10, 1879. 
PARKER, Francis Wayland, educator, was 
born at Piscataquog, N.H., Oct. 9, 1837; son of 
Robert and Mille (Rand) Parker; grandson of 
William and Nabby (Parker) Parker, and of 
Deacon Jonathan and Sarah (Abbott) Rand ; and 
a descendant of Thomas Parker, the immigrant, 
1635. He was brought up on a farm, and in 1850 
entered the academy at Mt. Vernon, where he 
paid his tuition by working on a farm during the 
summers. He taught school in New Hampshize, 
1854-58 and then in Carrollton, Ill., until 1861, 
when he entered the 4th New Hampshire volun- 


teers as a private, subsequently attaining the 


rank of lieutenant-colonel. At Deep Bottom, 
Va., July 26, 1864, he was severely wounded and 
taken prisoner and was not released till April 
1865. He was brevetted colonel, Aug. 16, 1864, 


ten =i sill 


w 


7” 


and mustered out in August, 1865. He was prin- 


cipal of the grammar school in Manchester, N.H., 
1865-68 ; of the district schools in Dayton, Ohio, 
1868-71, and studied psychology, philosophy, 
history and pedagogy at King William’s univer- 
sity, Berlin, 1871-73. He was superintendent of 
the schools at Quincy, Mass., 1873-80, where he 
applied his methods begun in Dayton, Ohio, 
founded on the theories of Comenius, Pestalozzi, 
and Frébel, and his influence soon extended all 
over the country. He was supervisor of schools 
in Boston, Mass., 1880-83; principal of the Cook 
county, Ill., normal school, 1883-95,and of the 


Chicago, Ill., normal school, 1895-99, and in the ~ 


latter year became president of the Chicago In- 
stitute, founded by Mrs. Emmons McCormick 
Blaine in 1899 and affiliated with the University 
of Chicago, 1901. He was married Dec. 1, 1864, to 
Phene H., daughter of Gilbert Perry Hall of 
Bennington, N.H., who died in 1871; and second- 
ly, Noy. 28, 1882, to Mrs. Frank Stuart, daughter 
of Calvin and Dorothy Stuart of Boston, Mass. 
The twenty-fifth anniversary of the inauguration 
by him of the ‘* Quincy movement” was cele- 
brated at Quincy, Mass., April, 1900. He was one 
of the founders and the first president of the 
Illinois Society for Child Study, the first organi- 
zation of its kind in the United States: and 
editor of: The Elementary School Teacher and 
Course of Study, a publication begun at the Cook 
County normal school and continued at the 
Chicago Institute and the University of Chicago. 


Dartmouth conferred upon him the honorary — 


[132] 





: 
PARKER 


degree of A M. in 1886, and Lawrence university 
gave him that of LL.D. He is the author of: 
“Talks on Teaching (1883); The Practical Teacher 
(1884); Course in Arithmetic (1884); How to Teach 
Geography (1885); Outlines in Geography (1885) ; 
How to Study Geography (1889); Talks on Peda- 
gogics (1894); Unele Robert's Geography (1898). 
He died at Pass Christian, Miss., March 2, 1902. 

PARKER, Helen Eliza Fitch, author, was 
born in Auburn, N.Y., Dec. 20, 1827; daughter 
of Abijah (1799-1883) and Lanah (Nelson) Fitch ; 
granddaughter of Stephen Fitch of Otsego, N.Y., 
and of Colonel Neilson, from county Armagh, 
Ireland, a member of the family whose history is 
in “Sunrise and Sunset,” infra. She attended 
the female seminary at Auburn and engaged in 
literary work. She was married April 20, 1852, to 
the Rev. Dr. H. Webster Parker (q.v.). She is the 
author of : Sunrise and Sunset (1854); Morning 
Stars of the New World (1854); Ramblers after 
Land Shells (1863); Missions and Martyrs of Mad- 
agascar (1864); Frank's Search for Sea Shells 
(1866) ; Constance of Aylmer (1869) ; Blind _Florette 
(1871); Arthur's Aquarium (1872). She died in 
Amherst, Mass., Dec. 4, 1874. 

PARKER, Henry, president of Georgia, was 
born at Savannah, Ga., in 1690. He was bailiff of 
Savannah in 1734, and in 1741, upon the division 
of the colony into Frederica and Savannah coun- 
ties, was chosen assistant president of Savannah 
county. In 1750 he succeeded President Wil- 
liam Stephens, resigned, as colonial president 
or governor, holding the office till the appoint- 
ment of John Reynolds in 1754. Governor Parker 
organized the colonial militia and called the first 
meeting of the colonial assembly, Jan. 15, 1751. 
He settled a colony at Isle of Hope about eight 
miles south of Savannah, to which place he retir- 
ed in 1754, and he died there subsequent to 1777. 
PARKER, Henry Webster, author, was born 
in Danby, N.Y., Sept. 7, 1822; son of the Rey. 
Samuel (1779-1866) (q.v.) and Jerusha (Lord) 
Parker. He attended the schools of Ithaca, N.Y., 
and was graduated from Amherst college A.B.. 
1848, A.M.,1847, and from the Auburn Theolo- 
gical seminary in 1846: He was ordained by 
the presbytery of Cayuga in 1847 and was pastor 
at Aurora, N.Y., 1847-50; at Dansville, N.Y., 
1850-52; at Bedford and Central Congregational 
churches (founding the latter), Brooklyn, N.Y., 
1852-56, and at North Congregational church, New 
Bedford, Mass., 1856-63. After a course of study 
in the Lawrence Scientific school, Harvard uni- 
Versity, 1863-64, he was Dodge professor of 
chemistry and natural science at Iowa col- 
lege, 1864-70; professor of mental and moral 
Science in the Massachusetts Agricultural college, 
Amherst, Mass., 1870-79, and Stone professor of 
natural history at Iowa college, 1879-89. He 


PARKER 


removed to New York city in 1889, devoted him- 
self to cyclopedia work, was on the editorial 
staff of the Standard Dictionary, vol. II, and 
became editor of Popular Science News in 1896. 
He was married, first, to Helen E. Fitch (q.v.), of 
Auburn, N.Y., April 20, 1852, and secondly to 
Susan M. Winkley of Amesbury, Mass., Nov. 6, 
1876. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred 
on him by Jowa college in 1886. He is the author 
of: Poems (1848); The Story of a Soul (1851); 
a volume of verse (1862); The Spirit of Beauty 
1888); and The Agnostic Gospel (1896). 
PARKER, Horatio William, musician and 
composer, was born in Auburndale, Mass., Sept. 
15, 1863; son of Charles Edward and Isabella 
Grahame (Jennings) Parker; grandson of Elijah 
and Sally (Hall) Parker, and of John and Susan 
Cornelia (Keyes) Jennings, and a descendant of 
Thomas Parker, who sailed from London in the 
Susan & Ellen March 11, 1635. He was gradu- 
ated from the Royal Conservatory of Music, 
Munich, in 1885, and was married in 1886 to Anna, 
daughter of Franz and Rosa (Hitibrich) Ploessl, 
of Munich. He was professor of music at the 
Cathedral School of St. Paul, Garden City, Long 
Island, N.Y., 1845-87 ; organist of Holy Trinity, 
N.Y., 1887-93; and organist of Trinity, Boston, 
1893-1901., In 1894 he was appointed Battell pro- 
fessor of the theory of music at Yale, receiving 
the honorary degree of A.M. from Yale in 1894, 
and that of Mus. Doc. from Cambridge (England) 
University in 1902. He composed the oratorio 
Hora Novissima which was performed at the Fes- 
tival of the Three Choirs, Worcester, England, 
September, 1899; and at the Chester, England, 
Festival in July, 1900 ; the oratorio St. Christopher; 
the cantatas King Trojan and The Kobolds ; 
and A Wanderer’s Psalm, which last was given 
under his direction at the Hereford festival, Eng- 
land, in 1900. He conducted St. Christopher at 
the Three Choirs Festival, in Worcester, Sep- 
tember 1902, and in Bristol, Oct. 9, 1902. 
PARKER, Hosea Washington, representative, 
was born in Lempster, N.H., May 30, 1833 ; son of 
Benjamin Parker, a farmer, and Olive (Nichols) _ 
Parker; and a descendant of Capt. Joseph 
Parker. He prepared for college at the Green 
Mountain Liberal institute at South Woodstock, 
Vt., attended Tufts college, 1855-56 ; studied law 
at Newport, N.H., 1856-59, and began practice in 
Claremont, N.H., im 1860. He was married in 
1861 to Caroline Lovisa, daughter of Mark and 
Lovisa (Curtis) Southgate of Bridgewater, Vt. 
He represented Sullivan county in the state 
legislature, 1859-60 ; was a member of the Demo- 
cratic state committee for many years; a delegate 
to the Democratic national conventions of 1868, 
1880 and 1884; a representative from the third 
district of New Hampshire in the 42d and 43d 


[133] 


PARKER 


congresses, 1871-75, and held several local offices. 
He was nominated by acclamation for U.S. 
senator by the Democratic caucus of the state 
legislature on Jan, 14, 1897. He received the 
honorary degree of A.M. from Tufts college in 
1883. 

PARKER, Isaac, jurist, was born in Boston, 
Mass., June 17, 1763; son of Daniel and Margaret 
(Jarvis) Parker. His father, a Boston merchant, 
was a native of Charleston, 8. C. Isaac Parker 
prepared for college at the Boston Latin school, 
was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1786, A.M., 
1789; taught for a time at the Latin school, and 
completed his law studies under Judge Tudor of 
Boston, practising at Castine, Maine. He was 
married to Rebecca Hall of Boston. He was a 
Federal representative in the 5th congress, 1797- 
99; and was appointed U.S. marshal for the 
district of Maine by President Joln Adams in 
1799, being removed on the accession of President 
Jefferson in 1801. He was chief justice of the 
supreme court of Massachusetts, 1814-30; Royall 
professor of law at Harvard, 1816-27, and an 
overseer, 1810-30. He was a trustee of Bowdoin 
college, 1799-1810, and president of the Massa- 
chusetts constitutional convention of 1820. The 
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by 
Harvard in 1814. He is the author of: Oration 
on Washington(1800), and Sketch of the Character 
of Chief Justice Parsons (1818). He died in 
Boston, Mass., May 26, 1830. 

PARKER, Isaac Charles, jurist, was born in 
Belmont county, Ohio, Oct., 15, 1838; son of Joseph 
and Jane (Shannon) Parker. His father was a 
native of Maryland, whose English ancestors 
were among the early settlers in Massachusetts 
Bay Colony, and his mother wasa niece of Wilson 
Shannon (q.v.). He worked on his father’s farm, 
attending the country school in winter, until 
1855, when for four years he divided his time 
between teaching and studying law at Barnes- 
ville academy, Ohio. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1859, settled in practice in St. Joseph, 
Mo., was mayor and alderman, 1859-62, and city 
attorney, 1862-64. In 1861 he raised a company 
for the Ist Nebraska infantry, served with the 
Missouri troops as corporal, and was also provost 
marshal. He was a presidential elector on the 
Lincoln and Johnson ticket in 1864; circuit 
attorney of the 9th district of Missouri, 1864-66 ; 
circuit, judge 1868-70, and Republican represen- 
tative from Missouri in the 42d and 48d congresses, 
1871-75, Ile was appointed by President Grant 
chief justice of Utah, and confirmed by the 
senate, but at the President’s request declined in 
order to become judge of the U.S. court for 
Western Arkansas in 1875, and held the office 
until his death. His name became a terror to 
outlaws and fugitives who ran over the Indian 


[134] 

































PARKER 


Territory and adjoining states, for he enforced — 
the law to the letter, and imposed the death 
penalty upon more criminals than any other 
jurist in the United States. He also made a 
record of attendance on court without missing 
day for twenty-one years, and in that time 
sentenced 160 murderers to be hanged. He was. 
probably the only subordinate judge that eve 
overruled a decision of the U.S. supreme court, 
which he accomplished in November, 1894, with- 
out receiving judicial reproof from the higher 
court. He died at Fort Smith, Ark., Nov. 17, 1896, 
PARKER, James, representative, was born in 
Bethlehem, Hunterdon county, N.J., March a 
1776; son of James and Gertrude (Skinner) 
Parker; grandson of Col. John (1693-1782) and 
Janet (Johnstone) Parker, and of the Rev. Wil- 
liam Skinner, and great-grandson of Elisha and 
Hannah (Rolph) Parker. Elisha Parker removed 
from Staten Island, N.Y., to Woodbridge, N. J., 
previous to 1675, and was high sheriff’ of the 
county of Middlesex, and a member of the 
Provincial Assembly. James Parker, Sr., served — h 
in the French and Indian war, was one of the | 
proprietors of the colony and a member of the 
council of Gov. William Franklin. James 
Parker, Jr., was graduated at-Columbia college — 
in 1793, entered a counting house in New York 
city, where he remained until his father’s death — 
in 1797, when he returned to the family estate at. 
Perth Amboy, N.J. He engaged in mercantile 
pursuits there for a few years, was a representa- 
tive in the New Jersey legislature, 1806-10, 181 
18, 1815-16, 1818 and 1827; a presidential elector 
on the Jackson ticket in 1824, and collector o 
customs at Perth Amboy, 1829-33. He presented 
to the trustees of Queen’s (afterward Rutgers) col 
lege the site for the college buildings. He was one 


bs 


QUEEN'S COLLEGE 


of the commissioners appointed in 1807, 1827 and 
1833 to obtaina settlement of the boundary 
question between New York and New Jersey, 
which was accomplished in 1833, and was pro- 
minent among the originators of the Delaware 
and Raritan canal. He was married first, January 
5, 1803, to Penelope, daughter of Anthony Butler 


PARKER 


of Philadelphia, and secondly, Sept. 20, 1827, 
to Catherine Morris, daughter of Samuel Ogden, 
of Newark, N.J. He was a Democratic represen- 
tative in the 23d and 24th congresses, 1833-37, 
and a member of the state constitutional conven- 
tion of 1844. While in the state legislature he 
drew up and secured the passage of several laws, 
including that prohibiting local slavery in 1819, 
and that establishing the school fund. He 
was a vice-president of the New Jersey Historical 
society and its president, 1864-68, 
Perth Amboy, N.J., April 1, 1868. 

PARKER, James Cutler Dunn, musician, was 
‘born in Boston, Mass., June 2, 1828; son of Sam- 
uel Hale and Sarah (Parker) Parker, and grand- 
son of the Rt. Rev. Samuel and Annie (Cutler) 
Parker. He was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 
'1848., A.M., 1856; read 
law in the office of 
Samuel Dunn Parker, 
attorney of Suffolk 
county, 1848-51, aban- 
doning it for mu- 
sic and studying in 
Leipsic, 1851-54. He 
made a six months’ 
tour of Europe in 
, ‘. 1854, and on his re- 
WA.’ turn to Boston be- 
came professor of pi- 
anoforte in the Bos- 
ton University Col- 
lege of Music, accept- 
ing a similar position 
in the New England Conservatory of Music in 
1871. He was organist of the Handel and Haydn 
society, 1857-59, and of Trinity church, Boston, 
1864-91. He was made the examiner of the New 
England Conservatory of Music in 1891. He re- 
ceived the degree of A.M. from Harvard in 1856 
and Mus. Doc. from Alfred university in 1887. He 
Was married, Sept. 6, 1859, to Maria, daughter of 
John and Rebecca (Punchard) Derby of Boston. 
He translated Ernst F. E. Richter’s Manual of 
Harmony, and is the author of Manual of Har- 
mony (1855). His compositions include: Re- 
demption Hymn (1877); Blind King (1883); St. 
John (1890); Life of Man, oratorio (1895), and 
solos, choruses, orchestra pieces and several 
church services. 

PARKER, Jane Marsh, writer, was born in 
Milan, N.Y., June 16, 1836; daughter of the Rev. 
Joseph and Sarah (Adams) Marsh ; granddaugh- 
ter of Lemuel Marsh of Vergennes, Vt., and of 
Jonathan Adams of Sennett, Cayuga county, 
N.Y., and a descendant of Captain James Marsh 
of Kent, England. a royalist who was slain at 
Marsden Moor, 1644. Joseph Marsh was a Camp- 
hellite minister, who became a disciple of Will- 





He died at 


PARKER 


iam Miller, and was aleader in the Second Ad- 
vent movement, 1843-50. His daughter was 
educated in Rochester, N. Y., and in 1856 married 
George T. Parker, a lawyer of Rochester. She 
became a regular writer for many leading New 
York daily and weekly newspapers, both relig- 
ious and secular. Sheis the author of : Toil- 
ing and Hoping, novel (1856); The Boy Mission- 
ary (1859); The Morgan Boys (1859); Losing the 
Way (1860); Under His Banner (1862); Roches- 
ter, a Story Historical (1884); The Midnight Cry, 
a novel founded on the Millerite movement 
(1886); Life of S. F. B. Morse (1887); Papers Re- 
lating to the Genesee Country (1888), and histor- 
ical articles for leading magazines. 

PARKER, Joel, jurist, was born in Jaffrey, 
N.H., Jan. 25, 1795; son of Abel and Edith (Jew- 
ett) Parker; grandson of Samuel and Mary Rob- 
bins (Proctor) Parker, and sixth in descent from 
Samuel Parker, who emigrated from England pri- 
or to 1643, first settled in Woburn, Mass., in 1644, 
and was one of the first settlers at Chelmsford. 
Abel Parker was a native of Westford, and served 
in the Revolutionary war as 2d lieutenant of the 
Middlesex and Worcester brigade under Gens. 
Gates and Heath. Joel Parker attended Groton 
academy, and was graduated from Dartmouth 
college, A.B., 1811, A.M., 1814. He studied law 
with his brother Edmund of Amherst, N.H., was 
admitted to the bar in Cheshire county in 1817 ; 
practised at Keene, 1817-21, and at Columbus, 
Ohio, after 1821. He was a representative in the 
state legislature, 1824-26 ; associate. justice of the 
superior court of New Hampshire, 1833-388, and 
chief justice, 1838-48. While associate justice he 
originated the bill abolishing the court of com- 
mon pleas and providing that trial terms should 
be held by a single judge, empowered to try all 
causes except murder and treason, and giving 
the court full chancery powers. He was chiair- 
man of the committee appointed to revise the 
laws of the state in 1840; professor of medical 
jurisprudence at Dartmouth college, 1847-57, and 
professor of law, 1869-75. He removed to Cam- 
bridge, Mass., in 1847, and practised law in Bos- 
ton with his brother-in-law, Horatio G. Parker. 
He was married, Jan. 20, 1848, to Mary Morse, 
daughter of Elijah Parker of Keene, N.H. He 
was Royall professor at Dane Law School, Har- 
vard university, 1847-75. He was a representa- 
tive from Cambridge in the constitutional con- 
vention of 1853 and a member of the commission 
for the revision of Massachusetts statutes in 1855. 
In his will he made provisions for founding the 
professorship of law at Dartmouth college, of 
which he was a trustee, 1843-60. He was president 
of the New Hampshire Medical society and of the 
Northern Society of Artsand Sciences. The hon- 
orary degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by 


[135] 


PARKER 


Dartmouth in 1837 and by Harvard in 1848, He is 
the author of : Progress (1840); Daniel Webster as 
a Jurist (1853); A Charge to the Grand Jury on the 
Uncertainty of Law (1854); The Non- Extension of 
Slavery (1856); Personal Liberty Laws and Slavery 
in the Territories (1861); The Right of Secession 
(1861); Constitutional Law ( 1862); Habeas Corpus 
and Martial Law (1862); The War Powers of Con- 
gress and the President (1863); Revolution and 
Construction (1866); The Three Powers of Gov- 
ernment (1869), and Conflict of Decisions (18795). 
He died in Cambridge, Mass., Aug. 17, 1875. 

PARKER, Joel, clergyman and educator, was 
born in Bethel, Vt., Aug. 27, 1799. He was grad- 
uated at Hamilton college in 1824, and attended 
Auburn Theological seminary, 1824-26. He was 
married, May 9, 1826, to Harriet Phelps of Lenox, 
N.Y. He was pastor of the Third Presbyterian 
church in Rochester, N.Y., 1826-30, being or- 
dained in February, 1827. He organized and was 
pastor of the Dey Street Presbyterian church, 
New York city, 1830-33; was pastor of the First 
Presbyterian church, New Orleans, La., 1883-88, 
and of the Broadway Tabernacle, New York 
city, 1838-40. He was the second president of 
Union Theological seminary, New York city, and 
its first professor of sacred rhetoric, 1840-42 ; pas- 
tor of the Clinton Street Presbyterian church, 
Philadelphia, Pa., 1842-52; of the Bleecker Street 
church, New York city, 1852-62, and of the Park 
church, Newark, N.J., 1862-68. He retired from 
the ministry in 1868 on account of age. He re- 
ceived the degree of D.D. from the College of New 
Jersey in 1839. He was a frequent contributor 
to the religious press, served at one time as asso- 
ciate editor of the Presbyterian Quarterly Review 
and edited Sermons of the Rev. John W. Adams, 
With a Memoir (1851). He is the author of: 
Lectures on Unitarianism (1829); Morals for a 
Young Student (1832); Invitation to True Happi- 
ness (1843); Reasonings of a Pastor (1849); Notes 
on Twelve Psalms (1849); Sermons (1852), and 
Pastor's Initiatory Catechism (1855). He died in 
New York city, May 2, 1873. 

PARKER, Joel, governor of New Jersey, was 
born near Freehold, N.J., Nov. 24, 1816; son of 
Charles and Sarah (Coward) Parker ; grandson of 
Thomas and Sarah (Stout) Parker, and of Capt. 
Joseph Coward of the Continental army, and a 
descendant of Joseph Parker, who was settled in 
Monmouth, N.J., about 1668. Charles Parker 
was sheriff of Monmouth county ; a member 
of the New Jersey assembly; state treasurer 
for thirteen years, and also state librarian. 
His parents removed to Trenton in 1821. Joel 
Parker was prepared for college at Trenton acad- 
emy and the Lawrenceville high school, and was 
graduated at the College of New Jersey, A.B., 
1839, A.M., 1842. He studied law under Henry 


[136] 


66, and was active 


PARKER 








































W. Green at Trenton, was admitted to the bar in 
1842, and practised in Freehold, N.J., 1842-80. He 
was married in 1843 to Maria M., daughter of 
Samuel R. Gummere of Trenton, N. J. He can- 
vassed the state for Van Buren and Johnson 
in 1840 and for Polk and Dallas in 1844; wasa 
Democratic member of the state assembly in 
1847 ; prosecuting attorney of Monmouth county, 
1852-57 ; a presidential elector on the Douglas and 
Johnson ticket in 1860, and was commissioned 
brigadier-general of the state militia in 1857 and 
major-general in 1861. He supported the war 
measures of the administration of President Lin- 
coln on constitutional grounds ; was Democratic ) 
governor of New Jersey, 1863- Zane 
in the 
organization of volunteers. 
On the invasion of Pennsyl- 
vania by Lee’s army in 1863 \ 
Governor Parker supplied ° 
Governor Curtin with several 
organized regiments of New Jersey Tolunteda 
He kept the quota of New Jersey for the army — 
up toits full number, and so successfully man- 
aged the finances of the state during the civil 
war that not a bond of New Jersey was sold be 
low par, and in 1865 there was a surplus of $200,-_ 
000 in the treasury. At the Democratic national 
conventions of 1868, 1876 and 1884 he received 
the unanimous vote of the New Jersey delega- 
tion for President. He was the candidate of the 
National Labor Reform convention of 1872 for 
Vice-President on the ticket with David Davis 
for President, but he declined to accept. He was 
again governor of New Jersey, 1872-74; was at- 
torney-general of the state January to April, 
1875; a presidential elector on the Tilden and 
Hendricks ticket in 1876 ; a justice of the supreme — 
court for the second district of the state, 1880-88, — 
and declined a fourth nomination for governor in — 
1888. He was influential in the erection of the 
monument commemorating the battle of Mon 
mouth, which was unveiled Nov. 18, 1884. He 
received the degree LL.D. from Rutgers college 
in 1872, and was an honorary member of the 
New Jersey state branch, Society of the Cincin- 
nati. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 2, 1888. 

PARKER, John, delegate, was born in Charles-_ 
ton, S.C., Jan, 24, 1749; son of John Parker. He 
was educated in England ; graduated in law at 
the Middle Temple, London, in 1775; practiced 
law in Charleston, 8.C., and cultivated a rice 
plantation near that city. He was elected a 
delegate to the Continental congress, serving 

786-88. He was married Dec. 24, 1776, to Susan. 
nah, daughter of Henry and Mary (Williams) — 
Middleton, of South Carolina, and sister 0 
Arthur Middleton, the signer. He died on his 
plantation, near Charleston, 8.C., April 20, 1822. 


és PARKER 


PARKER, John Adams, landscape painter, 
was born in New York city, Nov. 27, 1827. He 
was educated in the University of the City of New 
York, and in 1850 engaged in mercantile pursuits, 
which he abandoned in 1857 to study art. He 
first exhibited at the National Academy of 
Design in 1858, from which time he was a regular 
contributor. He was elected an associate of the 
National Academy in 1864. He settled in Brook- 
lyn, N.Y., in 1856, and was a founder of the 
Brooklyn Art association and of the Brooklyn 
Art club. His best paintings are those of moun- 

tain scenery in the White Mountains, Catskills 
and Adirondacks, his summer studio being in 
Keene Valley, in the Adirondacks. His works 
include: Twilight in the Adirondacks (1876); 
Winter (1879); Winter Twilight (1880); Land- 
_seape in the Adirondacks—Twilight (1882); Win- 
ter Evening (1884); The Gothics—Adirondacks 
(1885), and Close of a November Day, Ausable 
Pond, Adirondacks (1886). He died in Brooklyn, 
N.Y., in March, 1900. 
_ PARKER, John Mason, jurist, was born in 
Granville, N.Y., June 14, 1805; son of John Clark 
Parker and Susan (Mason) Parker; grandson of 
Peter and Esther (Clark) Parker; and a descend- 
ant of Edward Parker, who settled in New 
Haven in 1644. He was prepared for college at 
Granville academy; graduated at Middlebury 
college, Vt., in 1828, and studied law under John 
P. Cushman, at Troy, N.Y. He was admitted to 
the bar in 1833, settled in practice in Owego, 
N.Y., and was a Whig representative from the 
twenty-seventh New York district in the 34th and 
85th congresses, 1855-59. He was a justice of 
‘the supreme court of New York, 1859-73, and a 
justice of the general term of the third depart- 
ment, 1867-78. He also sat as a member of the 
court of appeals for a part of the time. He was 
married first, in September, 1835, to Catherine 
Ann, daughter of Charles Pumpelly, of Owego, 
7. Y., and secondly, March 1, 1854, to his deceased 
wife’s sister, Stella A. Pumpelly. He received 
the degree LL.D. from Middlebury college, in 
1865. He died in Owego, N.Y., Dec. 6, 1873. 
g PARKER, Josiah, representative, was born in 
_ Macclesfield, Va., May 11, 1751; son of Nicholas 
and Ann (Copeland) Parker; grandson of Nathaniel 
and Ann Parker, and a descendant of Thomas 
Parker, who settled on Smith’s Neck, Isle of 
Wight county, Va., in 1650. Josiah Parker was 
married May 6, 1773, to Mary Pierce, widow of 
Col. Joseph Bridger. He was a member of the 
county committee of safety in 1775, and of the 
Virginia convention that met in March, July and 
December, 1775. He was commissioned major in 
the 5th Virginia regiment, Feb, 13, 1776; was 
promoted lieutenant-colonel, July 28, 1777, and 
colonel, April1,1778. His regiment served under 


PARKER 


Gen. Charles Lee in Virginia, until the latter 
part of 1776, when it was transferred to Washing- 
ton’s army. He rendered distinguished service 
at the battles of Trenton, Princeton and the 
Brandywine, and resigned from the army July 12, 
1778. He commanded the militia on the south 
side of the James river in Virginia, 1778-82 ; 
a member of the Virginia house of delegates 
1780-81; naval officer at Portsmouth, Va., 1786, 
and a candidate for election to the Virginia con- 
vention of 1788, but was defeated because he was 
opposed to the adoption of the Constitution. He 
was a representative in the Ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th 
and 6th congresses from the Norfolk district, Va., 
1789-1801, and was chairman of the committee on 
naval affairs. He was a member of the Virginia 
Society of the Cincinnati. He died in Maccles- 
field, Isle of Wight county, Va., March 18, 1810. 

PARKER, Leonard Fletcher, educator, was 
born in Arcade, N.Y., Aug. 3, 1825; son of Elias 
and Dorothy (Fletcher) Parker ; grandson of Leo- 
nard and Mary (Foster) Parker, and of Gershom 
and Sarah (Robinson) Fletcher, and a descendant 
of Abraham Parker, of Chelmsford, Mass., about 
1640, and of Robert Fletcher, of Concord, Mass., 
1630. He was graduated from Oberlin college, 
Ohio, in 1851, and finished two years in the theo- 
logical department of Oberlin college in 1853. He 
was married Aug. 21, 1853, to Sarah Candace, 
daughter of Timothy and Harriet (Wilder) 
Pearse, of Oberlin, Ohio, formerly of Sudbury, 
Vt. He taught in public schools, 1841-53; was 
superintendent of schools at Brownsville, Pa., 
1853-56, and at Grinnell, Iowa, 1856-60. He was. 
Carter professor of ancient languages at Iowa 
college, 1860-70 ; and in 1864, with all the students 
of the college of military age, enlisted in the 46th 
Iowa infantry, Col. D. B. Henderson (q.v.), and 
was Ist lieutenant of his company, declining the 
captaincy in favor of a veteran invalid soldier. 
He was a Republican member of the Iowa house: 
of representatives, 1868-70; professor of Greek 
or of history at the State University of Iowa, 
1870-87; Parker professor of history at Iowa col- 
lege, 1888-98, and was elected professor emeritus, 
in 1898, when he retired from active teaching. 
He was a member of the American History asso- 
ciation, and received the degree of A.M., in 1860, 
and the honorary degree D.D. in 1895, from Ober- 
lin. He is the author of: History of Education 
in Iowa, in No. 17 of state monographs (published 
by the U.S., 1893), and of pamphlets and maga- 
zine articles on literary, political and historical 
subjects, including Address at the Semi-Centen- 
nial of Iowa college ; The College on the Campus 
and Beyond It; Puritan Faith, not French Athe- 
ism, the Foundation of American Liberties, and 
The Abuse of Grant's Des Moines Speech (1875), 
in which he exposed the falsification of the 


was 


PARKER 


report of the speech which made the President 
seem to oppose all education by the state except 
in common schools. 

PARKER, Linus, M. E. bishop, was born near 
Vienna, Oneida county, N.Y., April 25, 1829; son 
of John and Alvira (Wadham) Parker, both of 
Connecticut, and grandson of Eri and Joana 
(Stoddard) Parker. His first ancestor in Amer- 
ica, William Parker, emigrated from Bristol, 
England, and located in Saybrook, Conn., in its 
early settlement. Linus Parker removed to New 
Orleans, La., in early youth, engaged asa clerk, 
and also attended college at Lewisburg, La., be- 
coming proficient in Latin and Greek. He served 
in the Mexican war in Captain Girault’s company 
from Louisiana; entered the Louisiana confer- 
ence of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, 
Dec. 26, 1849, and was stationed at Lake Provi- 
dence in 1850; at Shreveport in 1851-52, 
was ordained deacon, December, 1852, and elder 
December, 1853, and was stationed in New Or- 
leans, Jan. 5, 1858. He served as pastor in 
principal stations until 1870, when he was elected 
editor of The Christian Advocate, holding this 
position until May, 1882, also acting as presiding 
elder at various times. He was a delegate to 
the General conference of the Methodist Episco- 
pal church, South, in 1866, and sat in its quad- 
rennial sessions, 1866-82. He was elected bishop 
of the M. E. church, South, May, 1882, and filled 
this office until his death. He was married June 
7, 1853, to Sallie Fitzgerald, daughter of the Rev. 
Alexander and —— (Burruss) Sale. She 
died Sept. 18, 1853, and he was married secondly, 
Jan. 20, 1858, to Ellen K., daughter of the Rev. 
John Crenshaw and Emily L. (Nutting) Burruss. 
She died Sept. 8, 1900. Bishop Parker died in 
New Orleans, La., March 5, 1885. 

PARKER,Nahum, senator, was born in Shrews- 
bury, Mass,, March 14, 1760; son of Amos and 
Anna (Stone) Parker; grandson of Andrew and 
Sarah (Whitney) Parker; great-grandson of 
John Parker and a descendant of Thomas Parker, 
who emigrated from England in the Susan and 
Ellen in 1635 and settled first in Lynn, and then 
in Reading, Massachusetts Bay colony. Nahum 
Parker was a soldier in the Continental army 
under General Gates and took part in the battles 
that resulted in the capture of Burgoyne’s forces 
at Saratoga in 1777. He settled in Fitzwilliam, 
N.H., in 1786, was a member of the board of 
selectmen, 1790-94, and clerk and treasurer of 
the town, 1792-1815. He was a representative in 
the state legislature, 1794-1804 and 1806-07; a 
member of the governor’s council, 1804-05. and 
was U.S. senator from New Hampshire, 1807-10, 
resigning in 1810 when he was succeeded by 
Charles Cutts (q.v.). He was justice of the court 
of common pleas for Cheshire county, which 





[138] 


PARKER 
















































included Sullivan county, 1807-13; an associate 
justice of the Western circuit, 1813-16; judge of 
the court of sessions of Cheshire county in 1821 
and of the court of common pleas for Hillsborough 
county in 1822. He was also a member of the 
New Hampshire senate and its president in 1828. 
He was married, Aug. 11, 1783, to Mary Deeth of — 
Gerry, Mass., and their son, Amos Andrew 
Parker (born Oct. 8, 1791, University of Ver- 
mont, 1818, lawyer, editor of New Hampshire 
Statesman, author of Recollections of Lafayette | 
(1879)) celebrated the hundredth anniversary of — 
his birth, and died in Fitzwilliam, N.H., May 12, 
1893. Nahum Parker died in Fitzwilliam, N.H., 
Nov. 12, 1839. 
PARKER, Peter, missionary and diplomat, | 
was born in Framingham, Mass., June 18, 1804; . 
son of Nathan and Catharine (Murdock) Parker, 
grandson of Peter and Ruth (Eaton) Parker, 
great-grandson of John and Experience ‘(Cloyes) | 
Parker, and a descendant of Hananiah Parker of _ 
Reading, Mass. He was a student at Amherst 
college, 1827-30, was graduated at Yale, A.B., 
1831, M.D., 1834; and attended Yale Divinity 
school, 1832-84. He was appointed by the A.B. 
C. F. M., a missionary to China; was ordained 
May 16, 1834, and embarked for Canton in June, 
1834. In October, 1835, he opened an ophthalmic 
hospital in Canton, which soon became a general 
hospital, and not only attended over 2,000 sick, 
but preached to his patients in their own language 
and trained several in medicine and surgery. — 
He came back to the United States at the out- — 
break of the opium war between China and Eng- _ 
land in 1840, and was married, March 29, 1841, 
to Harriet Colby, daughter of John Ordway 
Webster, of Augusta, Maine. He returned to 
China in 1842, accompanied by his wife, who 
was the first foreign woman to reside in Canton, — 
Dr. Parker continued the hospital 1842-55. He 
was appointed secretary and interpreter to the — 
U.S. legation to China in 1844; and in 1845 
resigned his connection with the American — 
board to serve as charge d’affaires in the absence — 
of the U.S. minister. In 1853 he made a brief 
visit to the United States, where he was appointed 
U.S. commissioner to China with plenipotentiary 
powers for the revision of the treaty of 1844, and 
served as such, 1855-57. In this capacity he was _ 
again in China, 1855-57, and then settled in 
Washington, D.C. He was founder and for 
several years president of the Medical Missionary 
Society of China, became a regent of the Smith 
sonian - Institution in 1868, a corporate member 
of the A.B.C. of F.M. in 1871, and in that— 
year a delegate of the Evangelical Alliance +o 
petition the Emperor of Russia to permit freedo 
of worship in the Baltic provinces. He was 
president of the Washington branch of the 


PARKER 






































etuetical Alliance in 1887. Yale conferred 
upor him the degree of A.M. in 1858. He is the 
withor of: Journal of an Expedition from 
ngapore to Japan (1838); A Statement respect- 
q Hospitals in China (1841); Eulogy on Henry 
Wilson (1880). He died in Washington, D.C., 
Jan. . 10, 1888. 

PARKER, Richard Elliott, senator, was born 
_ Rock Spring, Westmoreland county, Va., 
Dec 27, 1783; son of Capt. William Harwar and 
? y (Sturman) Parker, and,grandson of Judge 
Richard and Elizabeth (Baale) Parker. He studied 
: w at Lawfield, Va., under his grandfather, Judge 
Richard Parker, wasadmitted to the bar and set- 
in practice in his native county, which he re- 
snted in the Virginia legislature for several 
s. He was colonel of the militia in West- 
land county at the outbreak of the war of 
12, and served as colonel of the 35th Virginia 
sximent, with which he defended the Northern 
eck from British attacks, 1813-14. He was 
unded in the action at White House, Sept. 16, 
returning after the war to the practice of 
aw, and was elected a judge of the general court, 
26, 1817. He was elected to the U.S. senate 
l the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
jamin Watkins Leigh, serving from Dec. 15, 
36, to Feb. 13, 1837, when he resigned to accept 
ton the bench of the Court of Appeals of 
yirg inia, to fill the vacancy caused by the death 
f Dabney Carr, Jan. 8, 1837. He declined the 
osition of attorney-general in the cabinet of 
ident Van Buren, in 1840, as successor to Felix 
idy. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. 
iam Foushee, of Richmond, Va. He died at 
c ome * Snickersville, Va., Sept. 9, 1840. 
ARKER, Richard Wayne, representative, 
ein Newark, N.J., Aug. 6, 1848 ; son of 


7 nO 
Be 
Ay 
a 


€ ae New Baieay, A. B. ae ra 1870, 
Columbia Law school LL.B., 1869. He 
mitted to the bar in 1870, and practiced 
s father in Newark. He was married, 
1884, to Eleanor, daughter of Gen. Wil- 
(q.v.) and Eleanor (Kinzie) Gordon, of 
in h, Georgia. He was a representative in 
Ne w Jersey legislature 1885-86; was the 
publican candidate for congress from the 
th New Jersey district in 1892, and was elected 
presentative in the 54th, 55th, 56th, 57th and 
ongresses, 1895-1905. 
RKER, Samuel, second bishop of Massachu- 
fsand 10th in succession in the American 
ppate, was born in Portsmouth,N.H., Aug. 17, 
4 “son of Judge William and Elizabeth 
n) Parker ; grandson of William and 
ih (8 tanley) Parker, of England, who fled 


PARKER 


to America and settled in Portsmouth, N.H., in 
703. Zerviah Stanley, a daughter of the Earl of 
Derby, married without her father’s consent and 
abandoned her claims to nobility. Samuel Parker 
was graduated at Harvard, A.B. 1764; A.M., 1767. 
He was married in 
November, 1766, to 
Annie, daughter of 
John Cutler of Bos- 
ton, Mass. He pre- 
pared for holy or- 
ders while teaching 
school, and was q 
elected assistant of 
Trinity church in $ 
Boston, Mass., in 
October 1773. He 
was ordered deacon 
in the chapel of 
Fulham palace, 
London, Eng., Feb. 24, 1774, and ordained priest 
three days later by Dr. Terrich, Lord Bishop of 
London. He assumed the duties of assistant in 
November, 1774, and during the Revolution was 
the only Anglican clergyman to remain at his 
post and support the cause of the colonists. He 
was elected rector of Trinity church, June 27, 
1779, and after the war went about trying to re- 
organize and establish the scattered churches and 
to reinstate the Society for the Propagation of 
the Gospel. He was elected bishop of the Eastern 
diocese to succeed Bishop Bass, deceased, in 1803, 
and was consecrated at Trinity church, New York 
city, Sept. 14, 1804, by Bishop White, assisted by 
Bishops Claggett, Jarvis, and Moore. He never 
discharged the duties of the office, being pros- 
trated with gout on his return from New York 
from which he did not recover. Hereceived the 
degree D.D. from the University of Pennsylvania 
in 1789. He published an Annual Election Ser- 
mon before the Legislature of Masschusetts (1793) ; 
a Sermon for the Benefit of the Boston Female 
Asylum (1808), and several occasional discourses. 
He died in Boston, Mass., Dec. 6, 1804. 
PARKER, Samuel, missionary explorer, was 
born in Ashfield, Mass., April 28, 1779; son of 
Elisha and Thankful (Marchant) Parker, and a 
descendant of Robert Parker, the immigrant,who 
settled in Barnstable, Mass. Elisha Parker, a 
native of Yarmouth, Mass., was a member of the 
coast guard at the beginning of the Revolution, 
and after ward a soldier in the engagements from 
Ti5-77 Samuel Parker 
was LEN at Williams ailldes: A.B., 1806, 
A.M., 1809; was principal of the academy at 
Brattleboro, Vt., and was graduated at Andover 
Theological seminary in 1810, going as a mission- 
ary to Steuben and Allegany counties, N.Y. He 
was ordained, Dec. 24, 1812, and was pastor of 





OLD TRINITY CHURCH — BOSTON 


‘ [1 39] 


PARKER 


the Congregational church at Danby, N.Y., 1812- 
27, He was agent for the Auburn Theological 
seminary ; was pastor at Fabius, N.Y., 1827-32 ; 
at Middlefield, Mass., 1832-33 ; conducted a young 
women’s school at Ithaca, N. Y., 1833-35, and was 

sent to Oregon by the 


First Presbyterian 
church, Ithaca, un- 
der the auspices of 


the A.B.C.F.M., 1835, 
to explore and locate 
missions, returning 
by the way of the 
Sandwich Islands in 
1837. He lectured in 
the eastern states on 
the character of Ore- 
gon Territory, enlist- 
¥ ed Dr. Marcus Whit- 
man and other mis- 
Sin 6 er toe sionaries to work 
there, and did much 
to set forth the value of that territory, then 
in strenuous dispute. He was the first missionary 
of the A.B.C.F.M. beyond the Rocky Mountains, 
and the discoverer of an easy grade for a rail- 
road through the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific 
ocean. He was married first toa Miss Sears of 
Ashfield, Mass., and secondly, in 1815, to Jerusha 
Lord (1790-1857) of Salisbury, Conn., a niece of 
Noah Webster. He is the author of Exploring 
Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains (1838), which 
was republished several times, and of which a 
London edition was issued. He died in Ithaca, 
N.Y., March 24, 1866, and in 1901 a tablet to his 
memory was placed in the First Presbyterian 
Church of Ithaca. 

PARKER, Samuel Parker, clergyman and 
educator, was born in Boston, Mass., Sept. 10, 
1805; son of John Rowe and Mary (Hamilton) 
Parker ; grandson of the Rt. Rev. Samuel and An- 
nie (Cutler) Parker. He prepared for college at the 
Boston Latin schooland was graduated at Harvard 
in 1824. He was usher and sub-master of the Bos- 
ton Latin school, 1824-30, and prepared for holy 
orders under Bishop Griswold of the Eastern 
diocese. He was ordered deacon in 1834 and 
priested in 1835 by Bishop Griswold, He was 
married, April 20, 1836, to Eliza Pomeroy, grand- 
daughter of Judge Theodore Sedgwick and niece 
of Catherine M. Sedgwick, the authoress. He 
went asa missionary to Stockbridge, where he 
erected St. Paul’s church and built up a flourish- 
ing parish. He was assistant to Dr. Muhlenberg 
in the Church of the Holy Communion, New 
York city ; rector of St. Mary’s church, Staten 
Island, where he erected a stone church ; return- 
ed to St. Paul’s, Stockbridge, and succeeded Dr, 
Huntington at Grace church, Amherst, where he 






ar ao 
ra 


Z2 
Le 
aia 





ZZ 





<n is ON : } 


[140] 































PARKER “a 
also built a fine church. He next labored in 
New York city; was rector of St. Paul’s, Stock- 
bidge, and of Trinity, Lenox, and conducted a 
preparatory school at Stockbridge. He was rec- 
tor at Christ church, Exeter; Epiphany, Win- 
chester; and Trinity, Melrose, and officiated in 
vacant churches in western Massachusetts, includ-. 
ing Christ church, Sheffield, making his home in 
Stockbridge and devoting much of his time to 
the public library, of which he largely selected the 
books purchased and procured funds for its en- 
largement. He received the honorary degree of 
D.D. from Union college in 1861. He died in 
Stockbridge, Mass., Nov. 16, 1880. 
PARKER, Theodore, clergyman, was born in 
Lexington, Mass., Aug. 24, 1810; son of John and 
Hannah (Stearns) Parker ; grandson of Capt. John 
Parker, an officer at the battle of Lexington, and 
a descendant of Thomas Parker, the immigrant, 
Lynn, 1635. Theodore worked on his father’s 
farm and in hisshop; was a student at the public 
school; attended a day school in Lexington one 
term in 1826, where he took up algebra, Latin 
and Greek ; from 1827 was self-instructed, mak- 
ing rapid progress, and in 1830 was examined and 
admitted to Harvard, ’ 
where he passed his 
successive examina- 
tions in each class, 
but under the rules of 
the college was not 
allowed to receive a 
degree. He taught 
in a private school in 
Boston in 1831, in a 
private school in 
Watertown, Mass., 
1882-42, and _ prose- 
cuted his post-grad- 
uate studies, includ- 
ing theology, in 1884, 
The honorary degree . 
of A.M. was conferred upon him by Harvard in 
1840. He was ordained pastor of the Unitarian 
society at West Roxbury, Mass., June 21, 1837, 
remaining minister of that society until February 
1845, when he was excommunicated by the Uni- 
tarian association on account of alleged heret- 
ical teachings, and resigned his pastorate. £ 
formed and was installed as pastor of a nev 
society, Jan. 4, 1846, and preached in Boston at the 
Melodeon, 1846-52, and at Music Hall, 1852-59. 
The new society, aided by the reform movement 
in Massachusetts which had reached its height 
grew rapidly. Mr. Parker was a leader in effect 
ing the escape of runaway slaves in Boston and 
defended and helped the revolutionary movement 
of John Brown in the West. He accepted the 
editorship of the Massachusetts Quarterly and 


PARKER 






























-onducted it, 1847-50. During the winter of 1857, 
while on a lecturing tour in central New York, he 
contracted a severe cold which settled on his 
ungs, and in January, 1859, he made a voyage to 
Santa Cruz for the benefit of his health. In May, 
ed, he went to Southampton and thence to 
§ Switeorland and Rome, where he suffered a relapse 
during the wet season, and was taken to Florence, 
where he died and was buried in the cemetery 
outside the walls, the Rev. Mr. Cunningham, an 
old friend, conducting the funeral service. Busts 
were made by William W. Story and Robert 
Hart, and in January, 1902, a bronze statue by 
Robert Kraus was erected on the lawn of the 
First Parish (Unitarian) church at West Rox- 
bury by the society. He is the author of : A 
Discourse of Matters Pertaining to Religion 
49); Occasional Sermons and Speeches (2 vols., 
18 ay, Ten Sermons on Religion (1853); Sermons 
om Theism, Atheism and the Popular Theology 
es Additional Speeches and Addresses (2 vols., 
55); Trial of Theodore Parker for the ‘ Misde- 
meanor of a Speech in Faneuil Hall against 
. dInapping ” (1855); Two Christmas Celebrations 
and Experience as a Minister (1859); a volume of 
P ayers (1862), and Historic Americans (1870). 
His complete works were edited by Frances P. 
bbe (14 vols., 1863-71), and also Lessons from 
World of Matter and the World of Man, selec- 
s from his unpublished sermons by Rufus 
Mighton (1865). His biography was written by 
d Scho Weiss (1854), and O. B. Frothingham (1874). 
— 1900, his name received twenty-one 
votes for a place in the Hall of Fame for Great 
Americans, New York university, being fifth in 
“Class G, Preachers and Theologians,” number- 
ing twenty-six names, of which but three, 
Beecher, Channing and Edwards, received a 
He died in Florence, Italy, May 10, 1860. 
‘PARKER, Willard, surgeon, was born at Hills- 
borough, N.H., Sept. 2, 1800; son of Jonathan 
Hannah (Clark) Parker ; grandson of Capt. 
eter Clark, anda descendant of Abraham Parker, 
ho emigrated from England to Massachusetts 
Bay colony in 1640, and settled first in Woburn 
id afterward in Chelmsford, Mass. His parents, 
ho were farmers, removed to Chelmsford in 
305, and he worked on the farm and attended 
he public school winters until 1829. He taught 
n the district schools, 1819-22, and was graduated 
t Harvard, A.B., 1826, A.M., 1829. He taught 
hool in Charlestown, Mass.: attended the lec- 
of Dr. John C. Warren, 1826-27; was 
tant in the U.S. Marine hospital at Chelsea, 
1827-29 ; studied surgery under Dr. Warren 
the winter of 1828-29, and was graduated 
arvard, M.D., in 1830, and at Berkshire 
college (Mass.) M.D.. 1831. He delivered 
irse of lectures on anatomy in the Vermont 






















PARKER 


Medical school at Woodstock, 1829-30; was pro- 
fessor of anatomy and surgery, Colby university, 
1830-33, and in the Berkshire Medical college, 
1830-33 ; of anatomy and physiology in Geneva 
college, 1834-36; professor. of surgery in the 
Cincinnati university, 1836-37 ; visited Europe in 
1837; settled in New York city in 1839, where he 
was connected with the College of Physicians 
and Surgeons as professor of surgery, 1839-69, 
professor of clinical surgery, 1870-80, and profes- 
sor emeritus, 1880-84. He was twice married ; 
first, in 1839, to Caroline Allen of Massachusetts, 
and secondly, to Henriette Bissell. He instituted 
college clinics in 1840, became a visiting surgeon 
to Bellevue hospital in 1847, and to the New York 
hospital in 1856, in the meantime establishing 
a large practice. He became president of the 
New York state inebriate asylum in 1865, suc- 
ceeding Dr. Valentine Mott, and was a consulting 
surgeon to the Roosevelt, St. Luke’s and Mt. Sinai 
hospitals. He was active in the organization of 
the New York Pathological society in 1843; of 
the hospital for the relief of widows and orphans 
of medical men in 1846, and of the New York 
Academy of Medicine in 1847, becoming its pres- 
ident in 1856. He was also influential in estab- 
lishing the New York city board of health, 1864~ 
66, and served as a member of the board... He was 
amember of several scientific societies of the 
United States and Europe. He received the 
degree LL.D. from the College of New Jersey in 
1870. The Willard Parker hospital for contagious 
diseases was erected and named jin his honor, 
His discoveries in practical surgery include the 


_operation of cystotomy, for the relief of chronic 


cystitis, an operation for the cure of abscess of 
the appendix vermiformis and one for the la- 
ceration of the perineum during parturition, 
He was also the first in the country to call atten- 
tion to the phenomena of the concussion of the 
nerves, as distinguished from that of the nerve- 
centres, and to report cases of malignant pustule. 
His monographs include: Cystotomy (1850) ; 
Spontaneous Fractures (1852); Concussion of 
Nerves (1856); On the High Operation for Stone 
in the Female (1855); Ligature of the Subclavian 
Artery (1864), and a lecture on Cancer (1873). 
He died in New York city, April 25, 1884, 
PARKER, William Harwar, naval officer, was 
born in New York city, Oct. 8, 1826; son of Fox- 
hall Alexander and Sara (Bogardus) Parker. He 
was graduated at the U.S. Naval academy in 
1748, and was promoted leutenant in 1855. His 
brother, Foxhall Alexander Parker (q.v.), was a 
commander in the U.S. navy during the civil 
war. William Harwar Parker was dismissed from 
the U.S. naval service, April 20, 1861, having 
joined the secession movement in Virginia and 
accepted a commission as lieutenant commander 


[141] 


PARKHURST 


in the Confederate States navy. He commanded 
the gunboat Beaufort in the fleet of Commodore 
Lynch, C.S.N., in protecting the sounds of North 
Carolina, opposed the landing of the expedition 
of General Burnside at Roanoke Island, and sup- 
ported Fort Huger against the Federal assault. 
The Confederate fleet retreated to Elizabeth City, 
followed by the Federal fleet under Commander 
Rowan, and there made a stand. The North Caro- 
lina militia having evacuated the fort, Com- 
mander Lynch ordered Lieutenant-Commander 
Parker to reman it with men from the fleet, and on 
the destruction of the Confederate fleet Lynch 
and Parker escaped to Norfolk through the canal 
with the Beaufort. Parker joined in the attack 
on the Federal fleet at Hampton Roads, March 8, 
1862, where he ordered Lieutenant Pendergast, 
commanding the U.S. frigate Congress, after 
the surrender of his sword and the colors, to 
return to the Congress and aid in rescuing the 


crew. The fire from the Merrimac prevented 
Pendergast’s return to the Beaufort and he escap- 


ed to the shore. In 1863 Parker was promoted 
captain and established a naval academy on 
board the Patrick Henry, moored in the James 
River, from which were graduated junior officers 
who rendered efficient service to the Confederacy 
during the last year of the war. Captain Parker 
is theauthor of: Instructions for Naval Light Ar- 
tillery (1862); and Recollections of a Naval Officer 
(1883). He died in Washington, D.C., Dec. 30, 1896. 
PARKHURST, Charles Henry, clergyman and 
eine was born in Framingham, Mass., April 
, 1842; son of Charles F. W. and Mary (Goodale) 
es khurst, and grandson of Jolin Parkhurst (Har- 
vard, 1811). He pre- 
pared for college at 
Lancaster academy 
and was graduated at 
Amherst, A.B., 1866, 
A.M., 1869. He was 
principalof the Am- 
herst high — school, 
1867-69; studied theo- 
logy in the Univer- 
sity of Halle, 1869- 
70; was married, 
; . Noy. 23, 1870, to Nel- 
He” fff lie, daughter of 
Luther and Philena 

Cheas. 9. bi Mhurdt (Hawks) Bodman of 
Williamsburg, Mass.; 

taught Greek and Latin in Williston seminary, 
Easthampton, Mass., 1870-71 ; completed his theo- 
legical studies at Leipzig, 1872-73; was pastor of 
the Congregational church at Lenox, Mass., 1874— 
80, and was called to the Madison Square Presby- 
terian church, New York city, in 1880. He became 
interested in social reform, preaching the same 





{142] 


PARKINSON 































































“ 


from the pulpit, was a director in the Society for ~ 
the Prevention of Crime, 1890, and its president 
in 1891, succeeding Dr. Howard Crosby. He 
claimed that those entrusted with the enforce- 
ment of the laws were derelict of duty and often 
corrupt, and in 1892 delivered a sermon for which 
he was summoned before the grand jury, which 
pronounced the sermon without foundation. He 
then personally investigated the truth of the — 
matter, preached a second sermon, and was again 
summoned before the grand jury, which, on his— 
testimony followed by investigations, charged the — 
police authorities with incompetency or crite 
ality. Believing that municipal politics could be 
reformed he continued to work to that end, but 
his positions did not always conform with those 
of other reformers, notably with those of Mayor 
Low, 1901-02. Dr. Parkhurst charged the reform 
mayor of New York city with ‘*‘ having sworn to 
enforce all the laws to the best of his ability, and — 
reserving to himself the privilege of making an 
exception of the Excise Law.” He received from 
Amherst the honorary degree of D.D. in 1880 and — 
that of LL.D. in 1892, and was trustee of that 
institution, 1892-1902. He is the author of: 
Forms of the Latin Verb, Illustrated by the San- 
skrit (1870); The Blind Man’s Creed and Other 
Sermons (1833) The Puttern in the Mount 
and Other Sermons (1885); Three Gates on aq 
Side (1887); What Would the World be With-— 
out Religion ? (1888); The Swiss Guide (1889); 
Our Fight with Tammany (1895); The Sunny 
Side of Christianity (1901); and many sermons q 
and magazine articles. ; 
PARKHURST, Howard Elmore, composer and — 
ornithologist, was born at Ashland, Muss., Sept. 
18, 1848; son of Charles Ferdinand and Mary 
(Goodale) Parkhurst ; grandson of Ephraim Wel- 
lington Parkhurst, and a descendant of George 
Parkhurst, the first of the family to settle in 
America. He prepared for college at Clinton, 
Mass., and was graduated from Amherst college 
in 1873. He studied music under Speidel, Rhein- 
berger, Haupt and Kellerman and became known 
as an organist and composer, devoting his leisure 
to the study of ornithology and other sciences. 
He was married, Nov. 17, 1885, to Marie S., daugh- 
ter of George J. and Sophie (Holden) Huss of 
New York city. His more important composi- 
tions include: Nobiscum Deus, an oratorio; Fall 
of Jerusalem, cantata; a symphony, and church 
music. His published books include : The Birds 
Calendar (1894) ; Songbirds and Waterfowl (1897); 
How to Name the Birds (1898). 
PARKINSON, Daniel Baldwin, educator, was 
born near Highland, Madison county, Ill., Sept. 
6, 1845; son of Alfred Jackson and Mary Emeline 
(Baldwin) Parkinson; grandson of Zera and 
Mary (Westmore) Baldwin, and of Scotch and 


bal 











PARKMAN 

English ancestry. His father served as state 
senator, 1878-82. He was graduated from Mc- 
Kendree college, B.S., 1868; was superintendent 
of schools in Carmi, Il., 1869-70; teacher of 
mathematics and natural science in Jennings 
seminary. 1870-73, and post graduate student in 
Northwestern university, 1873-74. He was pro- 
fessor of chemistry and physics in Southern Illi- 
nois State Normal university, 1874-97, secretary 
of the faculty, 1874-92, and in 1897 was elected 
president of the university. He was twice mar- 
ried ; first, Dec. 28, 1876, to Julia Fuller Mason, 
who died Aug. 6, 1879 ; and secondly, July 30, 1884, 
to Mary Alice Raymond. He was an active 
member of several educational and religious or- 
ganizations. He received from McKendree col- 
lege the degree of A.M. in 1874 and that of Ph. 
D. in 1897. 

PARKMAN, Francis, clergyman, was born in 
Boston, Mass., June 4, 1788; son of Samuel and 
Sarah (Rogers) Parkman ; grandson of the Rey. 
Ebenezer Parkman, and a descendant of Thomas 
Parkman of Sidmouth, Devonshire, England, and 
of Elias Parkman, who settled in Dorchester, 
Mass., 1633. Ebenezer Parkman was first minister 
at Westborough, Mass., 1724-82, and the author of 
* Reformers and Intercessors ” (1752); ‘*‘ Conven- 
tion Sermon” (1761), and a short sketch of West- 
borough. Samuel Parkman was a wealthy Bos- 
ton merchant and a liberal benefactor of Harvard 
college. Francis Parkman was graduated from 
Harvard, A.B.,1807,A.M., 1810, and studied theol- 
ogy under the Rev. William E. Channing in 
Boston, and at Edinburgh university. He was 
ordained to the Unitarian ministry in December, 
1813, and was pastor of the New North church, 
Boston, Mass., 1813-49. He was married to Car- 
oline, daughter of Nathaniel Hall of Medford. 


He founded the professorship of pulpit eloquence 


and pastoral care at Harvard in 1829; was vice- 
president of the Society for Relief of Aged and 
Indigent Unitarian Clergymen, 1849-52, and was 
president of the convention of Unitarian ministers 
held at Baltimore in 1852. His brother, Dr. 
George Parkman, Harvard professor, was mur- 
dered by Prof. John G. Webster. The honorary 
degree of A.B. was conferred on Francis Parkman 
by Yale in 1807 and that of D.D. by Harvard in 
1834. He is the author of The Offering of 
Sympathy (1829), and of contributions to the 
North American Review and the Christian Ex- 
aminer. We died in Boston, Mass., Nov. 12. 1852. 

PARKMAN, Francis, historian, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Sept. 16, 1823: son of the Rev. 
Francis (q.v.) and Caroline (Hall) Parkman. He 
attended the school of John Angier, Medford, the 
Chauney Hall school in Boston. and was graduat- 
ed from Harvard. A.B., 1844, LL.B., 1846. During 
his freshman year he formed a plan of writing 


PARKS 


the history of the French and English rivalry in 
America and their relation with the Indian tribes, 
and made many journéys in the forests of Maine 
and Canada, visiting the places made famous by 
the French and Indian war. In 1846 he went to 
the Rocky mountains and resided with the west- 
ern Sioux and other Indian tribes. The exposure 
and fatigue experienced in this research caused 
congestion of the brain and threatened blindness, 
which followed him through life. He visited 
France in 1858, 1868, 1872, 1880-81, in connection 
with his historical research. He was professor 
of horticulture at Harvard, 1871-72 ; an overseer, 
1868-71, and a fellow, 1875-88. He was married in 
1850 to Catherine, daughter of Dr. Jacob Bigelow 
of Boston, who died in 1858, leaving two daugh- 
ters. He was vice-president of the Massachusetts 
Historical society, to which society he bequeathed 
his valuable MSS.; a fellow of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences ; honorary mem- 
ber of the Society of Antiquity, London ; a mem- 
ber of the Royal Historical Society of Great 
Britain ; of the Literary and Historical Society 
of Quebec, and a corresponding member of the 
Royal Society of Canada. The honorary degree 
of LL.D. was conferred on him by McGill in 1879, 
by Williams in 1885 and by Harvard in 1889. He 
is the author of: The Oregon Trail; Sketches of 
Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life (1849); The 
Conspiracy of Pontiae and the Indian War of 
Conquest in Canada (1851); Vassall Morton, a 
novel (1858); Book of Roses (1866); and a series 
of books entitled France and England in North 
America, comprising: Pioneers of France in 
the New World (1865); The Jesuits in North 
America in the Seventeenth Century (1867); La 
Salle and the Discovery of the Great West (1869); 
The Old Regime in Canada (1874); Count Fronte- 
nae and New Franee under Louis XIV. (1877): 
Montcalm and Wolf (1884). and A Half Century 
of Conflict (1892). His life was written by Charles 
Haight Farnham (1901). He died at Jamaica 
Plain, Boston, Mass., Nov. 8, 1893. 

PARKS, Leighton, clergyman, was born in 
New York city, Feb. 10, 1852; son of the Rev. 
Dr. Martin Phillips and Georgiana Clough 
(Mabry) Parks, and grandson of Richard Parks 
of North Carolina and of Louis and (Clough) 
Mabry of Richmond, Va. He was graduated at 
the General Theological seminary, New York city, 
with the Seymour prize for extemporaneous 
preaching, 1876. receiving his bachelor degree in 
1879: was admitted to the diaconate in 1876; 
advanced to the priesthood in 1877, and in 1878 
became rector of Emmanuel church, Boston, 
Mass. In 1902 the membership of the church 
and its had increased sixfold. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon him 
by St. John’s college, Md., in 1892 and by Harvard 


missions 


(143] 


PARLANGE 


university in 1900. He is the author of : His Star 
in the Eust ; Winning of the Soul (1893), and 
numerous other sermons and addresses. 
PARLANGE, Charles, jurist, was bornin New 
Orleans, La., July 23, 1851. He studied under 
private tutors, and attended Centenary college, 
Jackson, La. He was appointed an honorary 
U.S. commissioner for Louisana to the Paris ex- 
position of 1878; was a delegate to the constitu- 
tional convention of 1879; a member of the state 
senate, 1880-85, and U.S. attorney for the eastern 
district of Louisiana, 1884-89. He was lieutenant 
governor of the state, 1892-93 ; associate justice of 
the supreme court of Louisiana, 1893-94, and was 
appointed judge of the U.S. district court for the 
eastern district of Louisiana, Jan. 15, 1894. 
PARMENTER, William, representative, was 
born in Boston, Mass., March 380, 1789; son of 
Ezra and Mary (Ellison) Parmenter; grandson of 
Samuel Parmenter of Sudbury, Mass., and a 
descendant of John Parmenter, the immigrant, 
who came from England about 1638; was original 
proprietor of Sudbury, and afterward removed to 
Roxbury, Mass. William Parmenter was grad- 
uated at the Boston Latin school, where he re- 
ceived a Franklin medal; served as a clerk in the 
mercantile house of Pratt & Andrews, Boston, 
and was chief clerk to Amos Binney, navy agent, 
during the war of 1812 and for several years 
thereafter. He resided at East Cambridge, Mass., 


1824-66, and was manager of a glass manufactory, a 


1824-36. He wasa member of the state senate in 
1836, and was a Democratic and Anti-Mason 
representative from the fourth Massachusetts 
district in the 25th, 26th, 27th and 28th congresses, 
1837-45, being chairman of the commitee on naval 
affairs during part of his term. He was president 
of the Middlesex bank, 1832-36; naval officer of 
the port of Boston, Mass., by appointment from 
President Polk, 1845-49, and from that year until 
his death lived in retirement, occasionally super- 
intending some of the county institutions. He 
was married in 1815 to Mary, daughter of Thomas 
Parker of Boston, Mass. Their son, William E]- 
lison (Harvard, 1886), was associate justice of the 
municipal court of Boston, 1871-838, and chief 
justice, 1883-1902; and William Ellison’s son, 
James Parker (Harvard, 1881), was appointed as- 
sociate justice of the same court in 1902. Ezra, 
another sonof William, was mayor of Cambridge, 
1867. William Parmenter died in East Cam- 
bridge, Mass., Feb. 25, 1866. 

PARRIS, Albion Keith, governor of Maine, 
was born in Hebron, Maine. Jan. 19, 1798; son of 
Samuel and Sarah (Pratt) Parris; grandson of 
Jenjamin and Millicent (Keith) Parris, and a 
descendant of Thomas Parris, the immigrant, who 
came from London, England, to Long Island, 
N.Y., in 1683, removed to Boston, Mass., and then 


[144] 


PARRISH 


to Pembroke, Mass, Samuel Parris served as an 


& 
2 


officer both on land and sea during the Revolalll 
tion, and was afterward judge of the court of 
common pleas for Oxford county, a representa-— 


tive in the general assembly 
and a presidential elector on 
the Clinton ticket in 1812. 
Albion Keith Parris was grad- [/ 
uated at Dartmouth college, \\ 
A.B., 1806, A.M., 1809, studied \J 
law under Chief-Justice Whit- 
man in New Gloucester and SSS 
Portland, and was admitted to the Ree in 1809. 
He was married in 1810 toSarah, daughter of the 
Rev. Levi Whitman of Wellfleet, Mass. 
tled in practice in Paris, was prosecuting attorney — 
for Oxford county in 1811, represented Paris in 
the general court in 1813, and was a state senator 
in 1814. He was a Democratic representative 
from Massachusetts in the 14th and 15th con- 
gresses, 1815-18; judge of the district court of 
the United States for Maine, 1818-20: a delegate 





He set- — 


to the state constitutional convention in 1819; _ 


judge of probate for Cumberland county, Me., 
1820-21 ; governor of Maine, 1822-26; U.S. sena- 
tor from Maine, 1827-28, resigning in June, 1828, 
and associate justice of the supreme court of 
Maine, 1828-36. He was appointed second comp- 
troller of the U.S. treasury by President Van 
Buren in 1836 and held the office until 1850, when 
he resumed practice in Portland. He was elected 
mayor of Portland in 1852, declined a second 
nomination in 1853 and was the defeated candi- 
date for governor in 1854, Anson P. Morrill being” 
elected the first Republican governor of Maine, 
He died in Portland, Maine, Feb. 11, 1857. 
PARRISH, Celestia Susannah, educator, was 
born in Pittsylvania county, Va., Sept. 12, 1853; 
daughter of Perkins and Jane (Walker) Parrish; 


granddaughter of Abram and Susannah (Giles) — 


Parrish and of Joseph and Susannah (Muse) 
Walker, anda descendant of William Walker, 


who settled in Virginia about 1678. She was — 


graduated from Roanoke Female college, 1879; 
from the Virginia State Normal school, 
from Cornell university, Ph.B., 1896, and pur- 
sued a post-graduate course at the University of 
Chicago in the summer terms of 1897-99. She 
was a teacher in the public schools of Pittsylva- 
nia county, Va., 1871-75; in the city schools of 


Danville, Pa., and in Roanoke Female college, | 


1875-84; teacher of mathematics in the State 


Normal school of Virginia, 1884-98, with a year’s , 
leave of absence to study in the University of © 


Michigan : 
gogy in Randolph-Macon Woman’s college, 1893- 
99; professor of philosophy in the same college, — 


1899-1902, and on Feb. 4,:1902, became principal © 
of the department of psychology in the State | 


1885 ; 


professor of mathematics and peda-— 


| 


} 


; 
} 


ie 





; 
: 


| 
| 


PARRISH 


Normal school, Athens, Ga. She was instructor 
in the summer Normals of Virginia, 1885-89 ; in 
the Virginia Summer School of Methods, 1889- 
1901; and in the Summer School of the South, 
June-July, 1902. She organized the Virginia 
branch of the Association of Collegiate Alumne, 
the first branch organized in the Southern states, 
and was its president, 1899-1902, and was made one 
of the vice-presidents of the General Association 
of Collegiate Alumnz in October 1901. She 
published two original investigations in psychol- 
ogy in the American Journal of Psychology, and 
contributed to educational periodicals. 
PARRISH, Edward, educator, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., May 31, 1822; sonof Dr. Joseph 
Parrish (1779-1840), an eminent physician of 
Philadelphia, and Susanna (Cox) Parrish. He 
attended a Friends school and entered the drug 
store of his brother Dillwyn. He was graduated 
from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 
1842, conducted a drug store adjoining the 
University of Pennsylvania, 1843-50, and in 1849 


established a school of practical pharmacy. He 


took a course of instruction in analytical chem- 
istry under Professor Booth and a course in 
materia medica at the University of Pennsylva- 
nia. He was professor of materia medica at the 


College of Pharmacy, 1864-67, and professor of 


practical pharmacy, 1867-72. He was one of the 
— founders of Swarthmore col- 

lege, its secretary, 1864-68,and 
president, 1868-72. He was a 
\} member of the American 

} | Pharmaceutical society, 1852- 
72, and its president, 1868-72 ; 
a member of the Great Britain 
: and Berlin societies, and was 

a delegate tothe International pharmaceutical 
congress which met in London in 1858. In 1872 
he was sent by the U.S. government as one of the 





_ peace commissioners to settle the Indian difficul- 


ties in the west, where he was stricken with 
malarial fever from which he died. He is the 


- author of : An Introduction to Practical Pharma- 


micy (1855); The Phantom Bouquet, a Popular 
Treatise on the Art of Skeletonizing Leaves and 
Seed Vessels, and Adapting them to Embellish the 
Home of Taste(1863), and An Essay on Education 
(1866), besides many contributions to the Journal 
of Pharmacy. We died at Fort Sill, Indian Ter- 
ritory, Sept. 9, 1872. 

PARRISH, Joseph, physician, was born in 


Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 2, 1779; son of Isaac and 


Sarah (Mitchell) Parrish ; grandson of John and 


Elizabeth (Roberts) Parrish, and of Abraham and 


Sarah (Robins) Mitchell, and fifth in descent from 
Capt. Edward Parrish (1600-1679) of Yorkshire, 


England, who immigrated to Maryland about 


1640, and was surveyor-general of the province 


. the practice of his 


PARRISH 


under Lord Baltimore, whose colonists he is said 
to have brought to Maryland in the ship he com- 
manded. He was converted to the Quaker faith 
by George Fox in 1672. Joseph Parrish received a 
classical education ; began the study of medicine 
with Dr, Caspar Wistar in 1800, and was gradu- 
ated from the University of Pennsylvania, M.D., 
in 1805. MHewas prominently connected with the 
principal hospitals and dispensaries in Philadel- 
phia as physician, surgeon or manager throughout 
his active life. During the winter of 1807-08 he 
delivered a course of popular lectures on chemis- 
try, which were subsequently twice repeated. In 
1808 he was married to Susanna, daughter of 
John and Ann (Dillwyn) Cox. During the epi- 
demic of typhus fever of 1812-13 he rejected 
predecessors and _ totally 
abandoned bleeding in his treatment. He was 
president of the board of managers of the 
Wills hospital for the relief of the indigent blind 
and lame, 1832-40; a member of the Medical 
society and College of Physicians of Philadelphia ; 
long a member and ultimately president of the 
Pennsylvania Abolition society, and a prominent 
member of the Society of Friends. He is the 
author of many serial books and pamphlets on 
medical subjects and of contributions to the 
North American Medical and Surgical Journal. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 18, 1840. 
PARRISH, Joseph, physician, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 11, 1818; sonof Dr. 
Joseph (q.v.) and Susanna (Cox) Parrish. He 
attended a Friends school, and was graduated 
from the University of Pennsylvania, M.D., 1844. 
He practised in Burlington, N.J.; founded the 
New Jersey Medical Reporter, which he removed 
to Philadelphia, Pa.; was physician to Burling- 
ton college and St. Mary’s hall, and professor of 
obstetrics in the Philadelphia Medical college, 
1856-67. Failing health caused his resignation in 
1857, and he traveled in England, France, Ger- 
many, Switzerland and Italy. While at Rome 
his attention was called to the mismanagement 
of the insane hospital, and by intercession with 
the pope he caused the abuses to be abated. He 
was superintendent of the state training school 
for idiots and feeble-minded children at Media, 
Pa., 1857-63. He entered the service of the U.S. 
Sanitary commission in 1863, and visited the camps 
and army hospitals with orders for hospital sup- 
plies. Heestablished the Pennsylvania Inebriate 
asylum in 1865, and conducted the institution, 
1865-72. In 1866 he started a reform movement 
which resulted in the establishment of the Ameri- 
can Association for the Study and Cure of In- 
ebriety, of which he was chosen president in 1872. 
In the same year, in company with Dr. Dodge of 
New.York, he was summoned by a commission 
appointed by the British Parliament for the study 


(145] 


PARRISH 


of inebriety, to give the result of his experience 
in regard to its cure. His testimony, showing 
that in cases under his care for ten years one- 
third were permanently cured, one-third were 
subject to occasional relapse, and one third re- 
ceived no benefit, was followed by the founding 
of several hospitals in Great Britain for the treat- 
ment of the victims of intemperance. He was 
among the first, if not the first, toadvocate the 
free use of fresh air in affections of the lungs, 
with interesting employment for the mind, 
thus ante-dating by more than half a century 
the general practice of physicians at the present 
day. He was in temporary cliarge of the Mary- 
land Inebriate asylum, 1872-84, and opened a 
private Inebriate asylum at Burlington, N.J., 


in 1876. He was a member of the Neurological 
Society of Philadelphia; the Jurisprudence 


Society of Philadelphia; the Obstetric Society 
of Philadelphia; the American Climatological 
society; a life member of the Franklin In- 
stitute, Philadelphia; corresponding member of 
the Medico-Legal Society of New York; permanent 
member of the American Medical association ; 
an honorary member and fellow of the New 
Jersey Medical society ; a member of the British 
Medical association and vice-president of the 
colonial and international congress, on inebriety 
of London. He was married in February 1840, 
to Lydia, daughter of Caleb Gaskill of Burling- 
ton, N.J. He is the authorof: Inebriety from 
a Medical Standpoint (1888). He died in Burling- 
ton, N.J., Jan. 15, 1891. 

PARRISH, [laxfield, artist, was born in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., July 25, 1870; son of Stephen 
and Elizabeth (Bancroft) Parrish. He matricu- 
lated at Haverford college in 1888, but left in 
1891 to enter the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine 
Arts, where he remained until 1895, when he be- 
came a pupil of Howard Pyle at the Drexel Insti- 
tute. He won almost immediate recognition as 
an artist, doing much work in text illustrations, 
posters and cover designs for Harper’s, Scribner's, 
and the Century publications. He was married, 
June 1, 1895, to Lydia, daughter of Henry W, 
and Anne Austin of Woodstown, New Jersey. 
He was elected a member of the Society of Amer- 
ican Artists in 1898, and received honorary men- 
tion upou recommendation of the judges at the 
Universal exposition, Paris, France, in 1900. 
Among his noteworthy work in book illustration 
may be mentioned Mother Goose in Prose (1898); 
Kenneth Grahain’s Golden Age (1898),and Dream 
Days (1902); and twenty-five illustrations for 
Ray Stannard Baker’s The Great Southwest. His 
more important pictures exhibited at the Phila- 
delphia Academy of Fine Arts; the Society of 
American Artists and elsewhere, include: Bul- 
detin Board (1895), and The Sandman (1895). 


[146] 


* (1886); The Road to Perry’s Peak. Among his. 


PARROTT 













PARRISH, Stephen, artist, was born in Phil 
adelphia, Pa., July 9, 1846; son of Dillwyn and q ; 
Susanna (Maxfield) Parrish ; grandson of Dr, | 
Joseph and Susanna (Cox) Parrish, and a de- 
scendant of Capt. Edward Parrish (1600-1672), the 
immigrant. He followed mercantile pursuits — 
until 1876, when he began the study of art. In 
1878-79 he exhibited paintings at the Pennsylvya- 
nia academy, Philadelphia, and at the National 
Academy of Design, New York city, took up. 
etching, and produced his first plate in 1879. He 
also exhibited in London, Vienna, Paris and in ~ 
Germany, and was elected a member of the New d 
York Etching club and cf the Royal Society of 
Painter-Etchers of London. His paintings in- 
clude: November (1880); In Winter Quarters 
(1884); Low Tide (1885); On the Rance, Brittany — 


etchings are: Northern Moorland (1882); Low 
Tide, Bay of Fundy (1882); Coast of New Bruns- 
wick (1884); Winter Evening, Windsor, N. S. 
(1884); Bethlehem (1884); London Bridge (1886); — 
On the Thames (1886), and A Gloucester Wharf 
(1887.) , 4 
PARROTT, Enoch Greenleaf, naval officer, 
was born in Portsmouth, N. H., Dec. 10, 1814. — 
He entered the U.S. navy as midshipman in 
1831; served on the Bower and the Natchez of the _ 
Brazil squadron, 1832-35, and was promoted 
passed midshipman, June 15, 1837. He was at- 
tached to the Consort on surveying duty in 1840, 
was promoted lieutenant, Sept. 8, 1841, and served 
under Com. Matthew C. Perry on the west coast — 
of Africa in 1848. He served on the Saratoga on 
the coast of Africa in 1843; on the Congress of 
the Pacific squadron, 1846-48, and with Fré- 
mont’s expedition from Monterey to Los Angeles, 7 
and at the capture of Guaymas and Mazatlan, — 
during the Mexican war. He was on the St. 
Louis of the Mediterranean squadron, 1852-53 ; — 
the St. Mary’s of the Pacific squadron, 1854-55 ;._ 
at the Naval observatory, Washington, D.C.,. 
1857-58, and was promoted commander, April 24, 
1861. He was a member of the expedition that, 
destroyed the Norfolk navy yard in April, 1861, 
and commanded the brig Perry, that captured 
the Confederate privateer Savannah, for which — 
he received the thanks of the department. He 
commanded the Augusta, 1861-63, taking part in 
the battle of Port Royal, and engaged with the — 
Confederate rams in Charleston harbor, Jan. 13, — 
1863, while under the fire of their batteries. He 
commanded the iron-clad Canonicus of the North _ 
Atlantic blockading squadron, 1864-65, and took — 
part in the engagement with Howlett’s battery 
and the iron-clads on James river, June 21, 1864, 
and in subsequent engagements with Howlett’s. 
battery. He commanded the iron-clad Monad- 
nock in the attacks under Admiral Porter on Fort. — 





PARROTT 
















































Fisher in December, 1864, and January, 1865; 
w $ presen’ at the surrender of Charleston, 8.C. 

and commanded the receiving ship Boston, 1865- 
He was promoted captain, July 25, 1866; 
-ommanded the navy yard at Portsmouth, N.H., 
in 1869 : was promoted commodore, April 22, 1870 ; 
~ commanded the navy yard at Mare Island, Cal., 
1871-72; the Asiatic station, 1872-738, and was 
4 p promoted rear-admiral, Nov. 8, 1873. He was 
Jaced on the retired list, April 4, 1874, and died 
n New York city, May 10, 1879. 

PARROTT, John Francis, senator, was born 
ir in Greenland, N.H., in 1768. He attended the 
district school. He was a representative in the 
New Hampshire legislature in 1811; was de- 
aa ed asa war candidate for representative in the 
13th congress in 1812; was a representative in the 
15th congress, 1817-19; U.S. senator, 1819-25, and 
was appointed postmaster at Portsmouth, N.H., 
by President Adams in 1826. He was the father 
of Robert P. Parrott (q.v.). Senator Parrott 
d ied.in Greenland, N.H., July 9, 1836. 

_ PARROTT, Robert Parker, inventor, was 
porn in Lee, N.H., Oct. 5, 1804; son of John 
Francis Parrott (q.v.). He was graduated from 
the U.S. Military academy in 1824 and was pro- 
moted brevet 2d lieutenant and 2d lieutenant, Ist 
ai jillery, July 1, 1824. He served as assistant 
professor of natural and experimental philosophy 
at the U. S. Military academy, 1824-26 ; assistant 
professor of mathematics, 1826-28, and as princi- 
pal assistant professor of natural and experi- 
mental philosophy, 1828-29. He was promoted 
Ist lieutenant, 3d artillery, Aug. 27, 1831 ; was in 
garrison and on ordnance duty, 1831-35, and dur- 
ing the Creek Indian war in 1836 served on staff 
aay. He was promoted captain of ordnance, 
Jan. 13, 1836, resigning Oct. 31, 1836, to accept 
th e position of superintendent of the West Point 
iron and cannon foundry at Cold Spring, N.Y. 
invented a rifled cannon and projectile which 
r his name. The Parrott gun was made of 
st-iron, strengthened by successive hoops of 
rought-iron, which were shrunk over the cast- 
ig. This gun was adopted by the U.S. govern- 
ment and was first used at the battle of Bull 
Run. He was judge of the court of common 
s of Putnam county, 1844-47. He severed 
is connection with the cannon foundry in 1867 
il became associated with various manufac- 
turing enterprises. He died in Cold Spring, 
N.Y., Dec. 24, 1877 

PARSONS, Albert Ross, musician, was born 
n Sandusky, Ohio, Nov. 16, 1847; son of Brev. 
L -Col. John Jehiel Preston and Sarah Vol- 
la (Averill) Parsons ; grandson of Aaron and 
mily (Stow) Parsons, and of Samuel and Chris- 
bel (Kibbe) Averill, and a descendant of Joseph 
id he (Bliss) Parsons. Joseph Parsons, a 


PARSONS 


native of England, immigrated to Massachusetts 
in 1685; became cornet, or 3d in command, in the 
Hampshire company of cavalry, in 1678; was 
partner of Pynchon in the fur trade ; a founder 
of Springfield, in 1636, and of Northampton, 
Mass., in 1645, and was for fifty years the richest 
man in the Connecticut valley. Albert Ross Par- 
sous began the study of the pianoforte in 1853, 
and in 1856 appeared in concert in Buffalo, N.Y. 
He removed to Indianapolis, Ind., with his par- 
ents in 1858; was a church organist there until 
1863, and studied harmony and counterppint 
under Frederick Louis Ritter in New York city, 
1863-67. He was graduated at the Leipzig Con- 
servatory of Music in 1870, and at the Berlin 
academy in 1872, and in the latter year settled in 
New York city where he engaged in teaching, 
and became prominent in musical affairs, being 
organist of Holy Trinity and the Fifth Avenue 
Presbyterian churches, 1874-95. He was mar- 
ried, April 23, 1874, to Alice Eva, daughter of 
Cornelius Henry and Deborah Schuyler (Bradt) 
Van Ness of New York city. He was a member 
of the New York Historical society, the New 
York Genealogical and Biographical society, the 
Society of the Sons of the Revolution, the Mili- 
tary Society of the War of 1812 in New York, 
and an honorary member of the Society of the 
Cincinnati in the State of Rhode Island and 
Providence Plantations; president of the Music 
Teachers’ National association in 1889, and a 
charter member, incorporator, examiner and 
fellow of the American College of Musicians, of 
which he was elected president at the World’s 
Fair in Chicago, 1898, and annually re-elected. 
He was also vice-president and director of the 
pianoforte department of the Metropolitan Col- 
lege of Music, New York city; pianoforte ex- 
aminer at Evelyn college, Princeton, N.J., and 
president of the American Society for the Promo- 
tion of Musical Art, M.T.N.A., in 1890. He trans- 
lated Wagner’s philosophic study entitled Beetho- 
ven (1870); edited Benham’s Review (1872), and 
is theauthor of: Parsifal the Finding of Christ 
through Art, or Richard Wagner as a Theologian 
(1888); New Light from the Great Pyramid (1896) , 
which was cordially commended by Prof. Dr. 
George Ebers; a Garrard-Spencer Chart (1899); 
Cornet Joseph Parsons, a sketch, with Parsons 
Genealogies (1901). His musical compositions in- 
clude: The Night Has a Thousand Eyes (1878); 
Break, Break (1880); Crossing the Bar (1901); 
Humoresque-Tarantelle and The Lion and Lizard 
(1900), and a new national anthem My Country 
*tis of Thee (1902). 

PARSONS, Andrew, governor of Michigan, 
was born at Hoosack, N.Y., July 22, 1817; son of 
John Parsons of Newburyport, Mass., and grand- 
son of Andrew Parsons, a Revolutionary soldier. 


[147] 


PARSONS 


He removed with his parents to Oswego county, 
N.Y., where he was educated and engaged in 
teaching school in 1838. He removed to Michigan 
in 1835, taught school at Ann 
Arbor, and in 1836 settled in 
ag \2\ Corunna, Shiawassee county. 
; He was county clerk, 1836-38 ; 
register of deeds, 1840-46; a 
AY state senator from the sixth 
district, 1847-48, and was 
elected prosecuting attorney 
of the county in 1848. He was elected lieutenant- 
governor of the state on the Democratic ticket 
with Robert McClelland for governor in 1852, and 
on the appointment of McClelland as secretary of 
the interior in President Pierce’s cabinet, he be- 
came the second governor of Michigan, March 8, 
1853, and served until Jan. 8, 1855. He represented 
his county in the state legislature in 1855. He 
was elected regent of the University of Michigan 
from the seventh circuit for six years, and served, 
1852-54. Hedied in Corunna, Mich., June 6, 1855. 
PARSONS, Charles, artist, was born in Row- 
land’s Castle, Hampshire, England, May 8, 1821. 
He came to the United States with his parents in 
childhood ; was educated in the public schools of 
New York city; studied art in the National 
Academy of Design, and engaged in drawing on 
stone for lithographing. He was the director of 
Harper & Brothers’ art department, New York 
city, 1861-89, and during his leisure hours and 
after 1889 devoted himself to landscape and 
marine painting in oil and water color, He be- 
came an associate of the National Academy of 
Design in 1850 or 1851, and a member of the New 
York Water-Color society. He exhibited at the 
National Academy, and his works include: An 
Old Orehard, Long Island (1884); Amagansett, 
Long Island (1889), and many others. 
PARSONS, Charles Carroll, soldier, was born 
in Elyria, Ohio, in 1838. After his father’s death 
in 1839, he was adopted by his maternal uncle, 
and appointed to the U.S. Military academy by 
his cousin, Judge Philemon Bliss (q.v.). He was 
graduated in the class of 1861, and promoted 1st 
lieutenant, 4th artillery, June 24, 1861; wason duty 
in Washington, D.C., and West Virginia, 1861, 
and commanded a company in the Army of the 
Ohio, in the Tennessee and Mississippi campaign, 
at the battle of Shiloh and at the-siege of Cor- 
inth, 1862. He commanded the artillery that 
covered the retreat of the army from the battle 
of Richmond to Louisville in September, 1862; 
was brevetted captain for gallant and meritorious 
services at Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862, and marched 
to the relief of Nashville in October. 1862. He 
commanded in the Tennessee campaign from 
October, 1862, to January, 1863, including Stone 
river, where he was brevetted major for gallant 





PARSONS 


and meritorious services, Dec. 31, 1862. He was 
principal assistant professor of geography, history 
and ethics at the U.S. Military academy, 1863-64; 
was stationed at Fort Columbus, N.Y., November, 
1864, to January, 1865, and at Camp Barry, D.C., 
January to May, 1865. He was brevetted lieu- 
tenant-colonel, March 13, 1865, for gallant and 
meritorious services during the war, served on 
the staff of General Hazen, commanding the 15th 
army corps, May to November, 1865, and was 


stationed at Fort McHenry, Md., November, 1865, 


to March, 1866. He was promoted captain, 4th 
artillery, July 28, 1866 ; commanded a battery at 
Fort Leavenworth, Kan., until March, 1867; was 


chief of artillery and ordnance on Gen. Winfield — 


S. Hancock’s Indian expedition, March to May, 
1867, and was stationed at Forts Riley, Harker 
and Leavenworth, 1867-68. He was principal as- 
sistant professor of geography, history and ethi¢s 
at the U.S. Military academy, 1868-70, and was 
honorably discharged from the service at his own 
request, Dec. 31, 1870. He was ordained to the 
Protestant Episcopal ministry in 1871, and was 
rector of churches in Memphis, Tenn., Cold 
Spring, N.Y., Hoboken, N.J., 1871-78. He was 
also associate editor of the Banner of the Church 
at Memphis, 1871-72. He died of yellow fever at 
Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 7, 1878, 

PARSONS, Frances Theodora, author, was 
born in New York city, Dec. 5, 1861; daughter 
of N. Denton and Harriet (Shelton) Smith, and 
granddaughter of Benjamin and Sarah (Street) 
Smith and of Theodore and Harriet (Emmons) 
Shelton. The Smiths were early settlers of Long 
Island, N.Y., and the Emmonses were of Con- 
necticut stock. Frances was educated at Miss 
Comstock’s school in New York city, where she 
spent eight years. She was married first, May 20, 
1884, to Commander William Starr Dana, U.S.N. 
(q.v.), and secondly, Feb. 19, 1896, to James 
Russell Parsons, jr. (q.v.). During her private 
study of flowers, she discovered the lack of 
untechnical works on nature study, and her first 
book, written to supply the deficiency, became 
immediately popular. She wrote under the name 
Mrs. William Starr Dana until 1896, after which 
she used the name Frances Theodora Parsons. 
She is the author of: How to Know the Wild 
Flowers (1893); According to Season, describing 
flowers found in New Jersey, Connecticut, the 
Berkshire Hills and the Adirondacks (1895) ; 
Plants and Their Children; for young children 
(1896); How to Know the Ferns (1899). 

PARSONS, Frank, economist, was born at 
Mt. Holly, N.J., Nov. 14, 1854; son of Edward 
and Alice B. 


oe 


(Rhees) Parsons; grandson of | 


Richard and Elizabeth (Huchens) Parsons and of — 


John Loxley and Rebecca (McElwee) Rhees, and 
a descendant of the Rev. Morgan John and Anna 


[148] 





PARSONS 
(Loxley) Rhees and of Col. Benjamin Loxley, a 
Revolutionary patriot. He was graduated from 
* Cornell, B.C.E., 1873; engaged in railway en- 
gineering, 1873 ; worked in a rolling mill, 1874; 
taught a district school, and afterward French, 
mathematics and drawing in the high school, 
Southbridge, Mass., 1874-81. He was admitted to 
the Massachusetts bar, 1881; was in New 
Mexico in the railroad business, 1881-84; was 
employed as chief clerk by a leading Boston law 
firm, and engaged as a legal text writer for 
Little, Brown & Co., 1885-97. In 1890 he obtained 
a leetureship in Boston University Law school, 
and was a member of the faculty of the Boston 
Y.M.C.A., lecturing on English literature. He 
lectured on economics and sociology, and was 
professor of history and political science in the 
Kansas Agricultural college, 1897-99,and in 1899 as- 
sumed thesame chairin Ruskin college, Trenton, 
Mo. In1900he wascalled to testify on railways 
before the U.S. senate committee on interstate 
commerce, and the next year the U.S. Industrial 
commission sent for him to testify on railways, 
telegraphs, telephones and municipal monopolies. 
In 1901-02 he spent_about eight months traveling 
in Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Italy, 
Austria, Germany, Belgium and through the 
United States, studying railways, codperative 
industry, municipal monopolies, government and 
labor conditions in preparation for works on trans- 
portation, codperation and municipal govern- 
ment. In 1962 he lectured in the leading cities 
of the west under the auspices of the Chicago 
University association. He was elected to 
membership in the American Academy of Poli- 
tical and Social Science, the American Social 
Science association and other organizations; 
became president of the National Public Owner- 
ship league and of the National Referendum 
league ; director of the Co-Workers’ fraternity, 
and vice-chairman of the National Non-Partisan 
Federation for Majority Rule. He is the author 
of : The World’s Best Books (1892); Our Country's 
Need (1894); The Drift of Our Time (1898); 
Rational Money (1899); The New Political Eeonomy 
(1899); The Power of the Ideal (1899); The City 
for the People (1900 and 1902); Direct Legislation 
(1900); The Bondage of Cities (1900); Great 
Movements of the Nineteenth Century (1901); 
Public Ownership (1902), and many contributions 
to periodicals. 

PARSONS, James Russell, ir., educationist, 
was born in Hoosick Falls, N.Y., Feb. 20, 1861; 
son of James Russell and Ellen Edgerton 
(Hinsdill) Parsons ; grandson of Seth and Carolina 
Althea (Edgerton) Parsons, and a descendant of 
Dr. Jonas Fay (q.v.). He was prepared for 
college at Bede Hall, Cooperstown, N.Y.; was 
graduated as valedictorian at Trinity college, 


PARSONS 


Conn., A.B., 1881; A.M., 1884; was secretary to 
Bishop Williams of Connecticut, 1882-85; school 
commissioner in Rensselaer county, N.Y., 1885- 
87; U.S. consul at Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany, 
1888-90; inspector of academies, University of 
the State of New York, 1891; of teachers’ train- 
ing classes, New York department of public 
instruction, 1892; director of examinations, Uni- 
versity of the State of New York, 1892-97; 
director of high school and college departments 
from 1898, and secretary of the university from 
1900. He was married, Feb., 18, 1896, to Frances 
Theodora (Smith) Dana (q.v.). Trinity gave 
him the degree LL.D. in 1902. He is the author 
of: Prussian Schools through American Eyes 
(1891); Academic Syllabus ; or, Outlines of Work 
for New York Secondary Schools (1891); Freneh 
Schools through American Eyes (1892); Revised 
Academie Syllabus (1895); Professional Educa- 
tion in the United States (1900). 

PARSONS, Lewis Eliphalet, governor of 
Alabama, was born in Broome county, N.Y., April 
28, 1817. He was a great-grandson of Jonathan 
Edwards (1703-1758). He studied law under 
Frederick Tallmadge of New York, and G. W. 
Woodward of Pennsylvania, settled in practice 
in Talladega, Ala., in 1840, and in 1841 associated 
himself with Alexander White. He was a presi- 
dential elector on the Fillmore : 
and Donelson ticket in 1856, , 
and representative in the Ala- / 
bama legislature in 1859. He/ 
was a delegate to the Demo-\ 
cratic national convention at \ 
Charleston, 8.C., and Balti- 
more, Md., in 1860, and a rep- 
resentative in the state legislature in 1863, where 
he opposed the militia system of the state, as the 
Confederate government had full power of con- 
scription, He wasappointed provisional governor 
of Alabama by President Johnson, June 21, 1865, 
and devoted himself to the work of reconstruc- 
tion until Dec. 20, 1865, when he was elected to 
the U.S. senate ; but not being allowed to take 
his seat, he resumed the practice of law. He 
served several terms as a representative in the 
state legislature, and was speaker of the house in 
1872. He died in Talladega, Ala., June 8, 1895. 

PARSONS, Mosby Monroe, soldier, was born 
in Charlottesville, Va., May 21,1822. Heremoved 
to Cooper county, Mo., with his parents, in 1835, 
and subsequently settled in Jefferson City. He 
completed his education in St. Charles college, 
and was admitted to the Missouri bar in 1846. 
He practised in Jefferson City, and at the out- 
break of the Mexican war raised a company ; 
joined the regiment of General Doniphan, and 
seryed under General Kearny in New Mexico, 
receiving honorable mention for his conduct at 





[149] 


PARSONS 


Sacramento. He wasattorney-general of Missouri, 
1853-57, represented Cole county in the state 
legislature in 1857, and was a state senator 1n 
1859. He joined the Confederate army at the out- 
break of the civil war, and was appointed by Gov- 
ernor Claiborne F. Jackson brigadier-general in 
the Missouri state guards, commanding a brigade 
in Sterling Price’s state guards in the action at 
Carthage, July 5, 1861, battle of Wilson’s Creek, 
Aug. 10, 1861, the siege of Lexington, Sept. 18- 
20, 1861, and the action at Springfield, Oct. 25, 
1861. After the engagement at Helena, July 4, 
1863, he was promoted major-general, and com- 
manded a division in the detachment engaged in 
the Red River campaign, and the Missouri division 
in General Price’s army in Arkansasafter April 20, 
1864, He took part in Price’s raid in 1864 ; sur- 
rendered with the trans-Mississippi army May 
26. 1865, and went to Mexico intending with 
other Confederate officers to found a colony 
there, but while camping at China near the 
San Juan river, and on the neutral ground 
between the French and Liberal forces, they 
were attacked by Mexicans and killed, and their 
bodies thrown into the river, Aug. 14, 1865. 
PARSONS, Samuel, landscape architect, was 
born in New Bedford, Mass., Feb. 7, 1844; son of 
Samuel Bowneand Susan (Howland) Parsons. He 
was astudent in Haverford college, Pa. 1857-60, but 
did not graduate, and attended Sheffield Scientific 
school, Yale, 1860-62, receiving the Ph.B, degree 
in 1862. He was married, Oct. 25, 1865, to Martha 
E., daughter of William and Thamsin (Butter- 
worth) ‘Francis. He engaged in the nursery 
business with his father in Flushing, L.I., N.Y.; 
became a member of the firm of Vaux & Co., 
landscape architects, and as superintendent of 
‘parks managed the construction and plant- 
ing of the parks of New York city, 1882-97, and 
in 1897 became a member of the landscape 
architect firm of Parsons & Pentecost, after- 
ward Samuel Parsons & Co., New York city. He 
founded the Society of American Landscape 
Architects, of which he became president, and 
designed an extensive system of parks for the 
city of Washington, D.C., under an act of con- 
gress,June 6, 1900, entitled : ** Plans for Treatment 
of that portion of the District of Columbia, south 
of Pennsylvania avenue, and north of B Street, 
S.W., and for a connection between Potomac 
and Zodlogical Parks.” He also designed and 
planted parks and gentlemen’s country places in 
twenty-two states of the union. He contributed 
articles on landscape art to the leading magazines 


and newspapers, the article on ‘ Parks” to 
Johnson’s Cyclopedia, and is the author of: 
Landscape Gardening (1891); Homes in City 


and Country in ‘*Woman’s Book” (1894), and 
How to Plant the Home Grounds (1899). 


PARSONS 


PARSONS, Samuel Holden, soldier, was 
born in Lyme, Conn., May 14, 1737; son of the 
Rey. Jonathan and Phoebe (Griswold) Parsons ; 
grandson of Ebenezer and Margaret (Marshfield) 
Parsons; great-grandson of Dea. Benjamin and 
Sarah (Vose) Parsons, the immigrants, 1630, who 
settled in Springfield, Mass., 1636, and great?- 
grandson of Sir Thomas Parsons of Great Tor- 
rington, near Essex, England. The Rev. Jona- 
than Parsons was minister at Lyme, 1731-45; 
resigned his charge in 1745, removed to Newbury- 
port, Mass., and became the first pastor of the First 
Presbyterian church, serving, 1746-76. He wasin- 
strumental through a sermon preached in 1775 in 
recruiting the first company of volunteers for the 
army of the American Revolution. Whitefield, 
who induced him to adopt the Presbyterian faith, 
died at his home in 1770, four years before Par- 
sons’ demise, and the two divines, with their 
friend, the Rev. Joseph Prince, were given sepul- 
ture in a crypt under the pulpit of the Presbyte- 
rian church, Newburyport. Samuel Holden Par- 
sons was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1756, A.M., 
1759 ; studied law with his uncle, Gov. Matthew 
Griswold (q.v.); wasa practicing lawyer in Lyme; 
deputy to the general assembly of Connecticut, 
1762-74; king’s attorney ; member of the commit- 
tee of correspondence, and in 1773 wrote to Samuel 
Adains suggesting the calling of a Continental 
congress. He served in the Colonial militia, was 
elected major of the 3d regiment in 1770, lieuten- 
ant-colonel in 1774, and colonel of the 6th regi- 
ment in 1775. He marched with this regiment to 
Roxbury, Mass., and on the evacuation of Boston 
was ordered to New York. On the way he met 
Benedict Arnold at Hartford, April 27, 1775, whe 
informed him of the extent of the armament 
at Ticonderoga, and with Col. Samuel Wyllys 
and Silas Deane he formed a plan for taking the 
fort and its large number of brass cannon, so 
much needed by the Continental army at Cam- 
bridge, Mass. These men with three others 
pledged their personal security for the money 
borrowed to fit out the expedition. Col. Parsons 
informed Ethan Allen of the project, and Allen 
met the Connecticut troop at Bennington, took 
command and captured the fort, May 10. 1775. 
Parsons took part in the battle of Long Island, 
and for his services was promoted to the rank of 
brigadier-general, Aug. 9, 1776. He also served 
at Harlem Heights, White Plains, and in the re- 
treat through New Jersey. He projected the 
expedition from Connecticut to Sag Harbor, 
aided Col. Israel Putnam in the construction of 
the forts in and about West Point, and com- 
manded the operations during Colonel Putnam’s 
absence in Connecticut from February 14 to June, 
1778. General McDougall assumed chief com- 
mand by order of General Washington, March 


[150] 


» ae ae Lean 





nw 


PARSONS 


16. 1773, General Parsons sucee ling to the com- 
mand of the troops April 22, 1778, when McDou- 
gall was ordered to Valley Forge. Parsons com- 
mandel the troops in the Highlands of the 
Hudson until June 23, when, McDougall retreat- 
ing, he proceeded to Connecticut, where he en- 
gaged the British forces at Norwalk and forced 
them to abandon their project to override the 
state. In 1780 he returned to the Hudson, and 
was the ranking brigadier-general of the board 
of general officers that tried Majo André at Tap- 
pan, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1780. On Oct. 23, 1780, he 
was commissioned major-general and succeeded 
Gen. Israel Putnam in the command of the Con- 
necticut line. He madeasuccessful attack on the 
British forces near New York, which won for him 
the thanks of congress, Feb. 5, 1781. He resigned 
from the army, July 18, 1782, and resumed the 
practice of law at Middletown, Conn.* In 1785 
he was appointed a commissioner to treat with 
the Miami Indians, and in 1758 was a member of 
the Connecticut convention to act upon the rati- 
fication of the Federal constitution, the conven- 
tion voting to ratify that instrument on his 
motion. He was appointed by President Wash- 
ington the first chief justice of the supreme 
court of the Northwest Territory in 1788. He 











Pa ey) Y ii 
lle) i) Cadpuwter, \ 
i UZ, We | % 





MARIETTA~-1788 
settled with other New England soldiers near 
Marietta, Ohio, and in 1789 was sent by the state 
of Connecticut to treat with the Indian tribes on 


*In Winsor’s * Narrative and Critical History of Amer- 
iea,” Vol. VI., p. 460, General Parsons is branded “as acting 
as a spy for the British general,’ an error that has also 
found its way into cyclopedias, and is based on Sir Henry 
Clinton’s * Record of Private Intelligence,” printed in the 
Magazine of American History, Vols. X. & XI., where Clin- 
ton seems to implicate Parsons as a party to a plot con- 
cocted by William Herron, a professional spy, who appar- 
ently tried to make Clinton think Parsons purchasable. 
See “A Vindication of General Parsons.” by George B. 
Loring (1888); ‘‘ An Examination of the Charge of Treason 
against Gen. Samuel Holden Parsons” (an address by 
Joseph Gurley Woodward, Connecticut Historical society, 
May 5, 1896), and ‘* Centennial Oration at Marietta, 1888,” 
by George F. Hoar. 


PARSONS 


Lake Erie for a transfer of the aboriginal title to 
the western reserve lands ceded to the state. On 
his return journey to Marietta the boat convey- 
ing his party was swamped in the rapids of the 
Big Beaver river and he was drowned. He re- 
ceived the honorary degree of A.M. from Yale in 
1781, and he is the author of : Antiquities of the 
Western States, published in the second volume 
of Transactions of the American Academy of Arts 
and Seiences, and of History of the Tully Family 
of Saybrook. The date of his death is Nov. 7, 1789. 

PARSONS, Theophilus, jurist, was born in 
Byfield, Mass., Feb. 24, 1750; son of the Rev. 
Moses and Susan (Davis) Parsons; grandson of 
Ebenezer and Lydia (Haskell) Parsons, and of 
Abraham and Ann (Robinson) Davis, and a great- 
grandson of Jeffrey and Sarah (Vinson) Parsons. 
Jeffrey Parsons immigrated to the West Indies 
from England about 1645 and settled at Glouces- 
ter, Mass., in 1654. Theophilus Parsons was pre- 
pared for college at Dummer academy, and grad- 
uated at Harvard, A.B., 1769, A.M., 1772. He 
studied law with Theophilus Bradbury at Fal- 
mouth, was admitted to the bar in 1774, and 
practised there until the British destroyed Fal- 
mouth in 1775. He then pursued the study of 
law under Judge Edmund Trowbridge of Cam- 
bridge, Mass., 1775-77, and opened a law office in 
Newburyport, Mass., in 1775. In 1778 he was a 
delegate to the convention at Ipswich, Mass., 
that opposed the adoption of the state constitu- 
tion, and was the author of the pamphlet known 
as the ‘‘Essex Result,” which contributed so 
largely to the rejection of that instrument. He 
was a delegate in 1779 to the convention that 
framed the state constitution finally adopted ; in 
1788 to the convention to ratify the Federal con- 
stitution, and was the author of the proposition 
effered by John Hancock, ratifying the instru- 
ment and recommending certain amendments 
known as the ‘‘Conciliatory Resolutions.” He 
was married, Jan. 18, 1780, to Elizabeth, daugh- 
ter of Judge Benjamin Greenleaf of Newbury, 
Mass. He devoted himself to his law practice in 
Newburyport, 1788-1800, and served as a repre- 
sentative in the state legislature several times. 
He removed to Boston, Mass.,in 1800; was ap- 
pointed attorney-general in the cabinet of Presi- 
dent Adams as successor to Charles Lee in 1801, 
but declined to serve, and was chief-justice of 
the supreme court of Massachusetts, 1806-18, suc- 
ceeding Francis Dana. He received the degree 
of LL.D. from Harvard in 1804, Dartmouth in 
1807, and Brown in 1809; was a fellow of Har- 
vard, 1806-12, and of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences. A collection of his opinions 
were published under the title of ‘‘ Commenta- 
ries on the Laws of the United States ” (1836.) 
He died in Boston, Mass., Oct. 30, 1813. 


(151] 


PARSONS 


PARSONS, Theophilus, author, was born in 
Newburyport, Mass., May 17, 1797; son of Judge 
Theophilus (q.v.) and Elizabeth (Greenleaf) Par- 
sons. He was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1815, 
A.M., 1818, studied law under William Prescott 
and was admitted to the bar in 1819. He traveled 
in Europe, and on his return settled in practice 
in Taunton, Mass., and then in Boston, and sub- 
sequently devoted himself to literary pursuits, 
founding and editing the United States Free 
Press. He was Dane professor of law at Har- 
yard, 1848-70 ; a fellow of the American Academy 
of Arts and Sciences; a member of the Massa- 
chusetts Historical society, and president of the 
Magazine club. He received the degree LL.D. 
from Harvard in 1849. He was an early convert 
to Swedenborgianism, and is the author of the 
following works on Swedenborgianism: Essays 
(1845); Deus Homo (1867); The Infinite and the 
Finite (1872), and Outlines of the Religion and 
Philosophy of Swedenborg (1875). His legal 
writings include: The Law of Conscience (2 
vols., 1853, 5th ed., 3 vols., 1864); Elements of 
Mercantile Law (1856); Laws of Business for Bus- 
iness Men (1857); Maritime Law (2 vols., 1859); 
Notes and Bills of Exchange (2 vols., 1862); Ship- 
ping and Admiralty (2 vols., 1869); and The Po- 
litical, Personal and Property Rights of a Citizen 
of the United States (1875). He also published 
Memoir of Judge Parsons, his father (1859). He 
died in Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 26, 1582. 

PARSONS, William Barclay, civil engineer, 
was born in New York city, April 15, 1859 ; son of 
William Barclay and Eliza (Livingston) Parsons; 
grandson of William Burrington and Ann (Bar- 
clay) Parsons and of Schuyler and Eliza (Glass) 
Livingston, and a descendant of Henry Barclay, 
D.D., and of Cadwallader Colden. He was grad- 
uated from Columbia college, N.Y., A.B., 1879; 
C.E. 1882, and was married, May 20, 1884, to Anna 
DeWitt, daughter of Sylvanus and Caroline (Gal- 
lup) Reed of New York city. After service on 
the Erie railway he engaged in business in New 
York as a civil engineer and was appointed chief 
engineer of the Rapid Transit commission of New 
York and chief of engineers of the National 
Guard of the State of New York with the rank 
of brigadier-general. He was elected trustee of 
Columbia university in 1898, a member of the 
American Society of Civil Engineers in 1881 and 
of the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great 
Britain. He is theauthor of : Track (1885); Trrn- 
outs (1885); An American Engineer in China 
(1900). 

PARTON, Arthur, artist, was born in Hudson, 
N.Y.. March 26, 1842 ; son of George and Elizabeth 
(Woodbridge) Parton, and brother of Ernest Par- 
ton (q.v.). He studied art with William T. Rich- 
ardsin Philadelphia, Pa., 1859-61, and at the Penn- 

{1 


A 


PARTON 


sylvania Academy of Fine Arts; removed to New 
York city in 1865 and established a studio, and 
studied in Paris, 1870-71. He was chosen a mem- 
ber of the American Water-color society and of 
the Artists’ Fund society ; was elected an associate 
of the Academy of Design in 1871, and academi- 
cian in 1884. In 1886 he was awarded a gold 
medal by the American Art association, and in 
1888 the Temple medal of the Pennsylvania Ac- 
ademy of Fine Arts. Among his most famous 
pictures are: November (1867); On the Road 
to Mt. Marcy (1873); A Mountain Brook (1874); 
Sycamores of Old Shokam (1876); The Delaware 
River near Milford (1879); Nightfall (1880); The 
Morning Ride (1884); Winter on the Hudson 
(1885); The Evening after the Rain (1886), and 
Evening on the Harlem River (1887). He received 
honorable mention at the Paris exposition (1889), 

PARTON, Ernest, artist, was born in Hudsen, 
N.Y., March 17, 1845. He was educated at Hud- 
son academy and by private tutors and devoted 
himself to art at an early age. He studied art 
under his brother Arthur and in 1865 opened a 
studio in New York city and engaged in oil 
painting. In 1873 he visited Scotland and Wales, 
and later established himself in London. He 
visited New York in 1884-86. He was electeda 
member of the Royal Institute and of the Artists’ 
Fund, New York, and exhibited his paintings in 
the Royal Academy, the Academy of Design, N.Y. 
city, the Grosvenor academy, and the Boston Att 
institute. Among his paintings are: Morning 
Mist (18738); Papa’s Luncheon (1875); Placid 
Stream (1876); Sunny September (1877); The Silent 
Pool (1878) ; Aw Bord de l Eau (1878) ; The Wan- 
ing of the Year (1879); Silver and Gold (1882); Fall- 
ing Leaves and Fading Trees (1883) ; Where Mem- 
ory Dwells (1884) ; Streatley-on-Thames (1885) ; 
Last of October (1886). In 1902 he was residing 
in London, England. 

PARTON, James, biographer, was born in Can- 
terbury, England, Feb. 9, 1822. He immigrated 
to the United States with his parents in 1827, at- 


‘tended the public schools of New York city, and 
a private school at White Plains, N.Y., continu- _ 


ing his education in Europe. He taught school 
in Philadelphia and New York city, engaged in 
literary work, became an editorial contributor to 
the Home Journal New York city, and devoted 
himself principally to biographical writing. He 
was married in January, 1856, to Sara Payson 
(Willis) Eldredge (Fanny Fern) (q.v.), who died 
Oct. 10, 1872, and he married secondly in 1874, 
Ellen W., daughter of Charles H. and Sara Pay- 
son (Willis) Eldredge. Under the laws of Massa- 
chusetts, this marriage was shown to be illegal, 
and they lived apart until, on his petition, the 
legislature amended the law. He removed from 


New York city to Newburyport. Mass., in 1875; lec- — 
2] 


it yall 








es 








PARTON 


* 

tured successfully on literary and political topics, 
and contributed to the New York Ledger and 
various periodicals. It is estimated that the sale 
of his books brought 
him $8000 annually 
in royalties for many 
years. He is the au- 
thor of: The Life of 
Horace Greeley (1855); 
Humorous Poetry of 
the English Language 
from Chaucer to Saxe 
(1856); The Life and 
> Times of Aaron Burr 

* (1857); Life of Andrew 
Jackson (38 vols., 
1859); General Butler 
in New Orleans (1864) ; 
Life and Times of Ben- 
jamin Franklin (1864); 
Famous Americans of 
Recent Times (1867); The People’s Book of Bio- 










graphy (1868); Smoking and Drinking, an essay 


(1868) ; The Danish Islands: Are We Bound to 
Pay for Them ? (1869); Topies of the Time (1871) ; 
Triumphs of Enterprise, Ingenuity and Public 
Spirit (A871); The Words of Washington (1872); 


Fanny Fern, A Memorial Volume (1873); Life of 


Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United 
States (1874); Taxation of Church Property 
(1874); Le Parnasse Francais, a Book of French 
Poetry from A.D, 1550 to the Present Time (1877) ; 
Caricature and other Comic Art in All Times and 
Many Lands (1877); Lifeof Voitaire (1881); Noted 
Women of Europe and America (1883); Captains 
of Industry; or, Men of Business who did Something 
besides Making Money (1884); Some Noted Princes, 
Authors and Statesmen of Our Time (1885), and 
Captains of Industry, second series (1891). He 
died in Newburyport, Mass., Oct. 17, 1891. 
PARTON, Sara Payson (Willis), author, was 
born in Portland, Maine, July 9, 1811; daughter 
of Nathanieland Hannah (Parker) Willis; grand- 
daughter of Nathaniel and Lucy (Douglas) Willis, 
and of Solomon Parker, and a descendant of 
George and Jane (Palfrey) Willis. George Willis 


_ emigrated from England to America, and settled 


in Cambridge, Mass., 1626. She was educated in 
the public schools of Boston, and in Catherine 
Beecher’s Young Ladies’ seminary at Hartford, 
Conn. She was married, May 4, 1837, to Charles 
H. Eldredge of Boston, Mass., who died, Oct. 6, 


1846, leaving her with two children and without 


property. Shesewed for a livelihood and tried to 
Secure a position as a public school teacher, but 
Was not successful. In 1851 she began to write 
for the Olive Branch and the True Flag, Boston 
periodicals, and her articles were copied into 
Newspapers in all parts of the country. She 


PARTRIDGE 


received only fifty cents for her first contribu- 
tion. Derby and Miller, New York publishers, 
brought out a collection of her stories in one 
volume in 1858, as Fern Leaves from Fanny's 
Portfolio, of which 80,000 copies were sold. She 
removed to New York city in 1854, continuing to 
use the pen-name-of Fanny Fern, and began to 
write for the New York Ledger, and for sixteen 
years furnished that periodical with an article 
every week, and for one story from her pen 
tobert Bonner paid her $100 a column. She was 
married secondly toa Mr. Farrington, a merchant 
of Boston, but the union was brief, and in Jan- 
uary, 1856, she became the wife of James Parton, 
the biographer. She is the author of: Fern 
Leaves from Fanny’s Portfolio (1853, 2d ser., 
1854); Little Ferns for Fanny's Little Friends 
(1854); Ruth Hall, novel (1854); Fresh Leaves (1855); 
Rose Clark, novel (1857) ; A New Story-Book for 
Children (1864); Folly as it Flies (1868) ; The Play- 
Day Book (1869); Ginger Snaps (1870), and Caper 
Sauce ; A Volume of Chit Chat (1872). Most of 
her books were republished in England. See 
‘*Life and Beauties of Fanny Fern” (London, 
1855). She died in Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 10, 1872. 

PARTRIDGE, Alden, educator, was born in 
Norwich, Vt., Jan. 12,1785; son of Samuel and 
Elizabeth (Wright) Partridge, and grandson of 
Samuel and Ruth (Woodwood) Partridge. His 
father, a soldier in the Revolution, was present 
at the capture of 
Burgoyne at Sarato- 
ga. He entered Dart- 
mouth in August, 
1802, but left before 
graduating to accept 
the appointment as 
cadet at the U.S. 
Military academy and 
was transferred to 
the artillery corps in 
July, 1806 ; promoted 
first leutenant of en- 
gineers, Oct. 30, 1806 ; 
captain in the engi- 
neer corps, July 23, 
1810, and in Novem- 
ber, 1806, was appointed assistant professor of 
mathematics, serving as full professor with 
the pay and emoluments of major, 1812-13, 
and as professor of engineering, 1813-16. He 
was acting superintendent of the academy, 
1808-15, in the absence of Colonel Williams, and 
superintendent, 1815-17. On Jan. 17, 1817, he 
was relieved of the superintendency and on April 
15, 1817, resigned his. commission in the U.S. 
army. He then instructed a volunteer corps and 
gave lectures on fortifications and military science 
in New York city, and in 1819 engaged in the sur- 





[153] 


PARTRIDGE 


vey of the north-eastern boundary. In the latter 
part of 1819 he founded in Norwich, Vt., the 
American Literary Scientific and Military acad- 
emy of which he was superintendent and pro- 
fessor of mathematics, philosophy and military 
science. The first class of one hundred students 
entered Sept. 4, 1820, and on Aug. 22, 1825, the 
institution was removed to Middletown, Conn., 
and had an attendance of two hundred and ninety- 
seven students. Failing to obtain a charter from 
Connecticut he removed the military school back 
to Norwich, Vt., in 1829, where he had conducted 
a flourishing seminary, 1825-29, as a preparatory 
school for his military academy. In November, 
1834, he obtained a charter from the legislature 
of Vermont for the Norwich university with full 
power to confer degrees and to possess all other 
powers and immunities belonging to the colleges 
and universities of the United States. He was 
elected its first president, which office he resigned 
in 1843, owing to differences with the other 
trustees as to the management of the university, 
and Truman B. Ransom was elected president. 
He was married in April, 1887, to Ann Elizabeth, 
daughter of John Swasey of Claremont, N.H., 
who with their son, Capt. Henry V. Partridge, 
U.S.V., survived him. Capt. Alden Partridge 
was surveyor general of Vermont, 1822; a repre- 
sentative from Norwich to the state legislature, 
1833, 1834, 1837 and 1839; the unsuccessful Demo- 
cratic candidate for representative in the 22d, 24th 
25th and 26th congresses, and the unsuccessful 
Independent candidate for representative in the 
31st congress in 1848. He established a military 
school at Portsmouth, Va., 1839, known asthe Vir- 
ginia Literary, Scientific and Military institute, 
and others at Bristol, Pa., 1842, at Pembroke, 
N.H., 1847, and at Harrisburg, Penn., 1850; was 
camp instructor of Pennsylvania volunteer militia 
at Reading in 1842, and in 1853 opened at Brandy- 
wine Springs, Del., what he hoped to make a 
National school of education in the arts of peace 
The buildings burned in the autumn 
of 1853 and he planned to remove to Bristol, 
Penn. He returned to his family at Norwich, 
Vt., where he was stricken with what proved a 
fatal illness. He is the author of: An Hxeur- 
sion (1822); Lectures. on Education (1825); 
Lectures on National Defence (1827); Journal 
of a Tour of Cadets (1827). He died in Nor- 
wich, Vt., Jan. 17; 1854. 

PARTRIDGE, Frederick William, soldier and 
diplomatist, was born in Norwich, Vt., Aug. 19, 
1824; son of Capt. Cyrus (1786-1842) and Mary 
(Loveland) (1786-1866) Partridge; grandson of 
Capt. Isaac Partridge of the Revolution and of 
Joseph and Mercy (Bigelow) Loveland; great- 
grandson of Capt. Samuel Partridge of the Colon- 
ial wars, and of David and Mercy (Lewis) Bige- 


and war. 


PARTRIDGE : 
low, anda descendant of Thomas Bigelow, the 
immigrant, and of Elisha and Lucy (Sparks) 
Lovel, who immigrated to Glastonbury, Conn, 
Frederick William Partridge attended the dis- 
trict school; the Norwich Literary, Scientific 
and Military academy, and Dartmouth college 
one year; studied law at Albany, N.Y., and in 
the office of Franklin Pierce of Concord, N.H., 
and had charge of the Harrisburg Military col- 
lege, Pa., established by his cousin, Capt. Alden 
Partridge (q. v.), 1845-47. In January, 1847, he 
enlisted in the U.S. army and went to Mexico 


as special commissioner of President Polk to visit | 


the seat of war and report his impressions of the 
conduct and progress of the campaign to the 
secretary of war. Having no credentials, as his 
mission was secret, he was captured by the Amer- 
ican army asa spy, ordered to be imprisoned at 
San Juan de Ulta, commanded by his cousin, 
Lieut. Henry 8. Burton, Ist artillery, and after 
his release returned to Washington without ac- 
comphshing his mission. He resigned from the 
army in 1847 and was located on a farm in Ken- 
dall county, IlL., 1847-55, during part of which 
time he was captain of a company of militia. 
He was married in 1852 to Mary, daughter of 
William Pauline of East Aurora, N.Y. He con- 


tinued his law studies under Isaac N. Arnold in 


Chicago, 1853-57. In 1857 he removed to Sand- 
wich, Ill., and in 1861 became senior captain in 
the 18th Illinois volunteer regiment. He was 
made major of the regiment in June, 1861, lieu- 
tenant-colonel in December, 1862, and colonel, 
June 18, 1864, for gallantry at Lookout Mountain, 
and was brevetted brigadier-general for acts at 
Missionary Ridge. He was wounded at Chick- 
asaw Bayou, Miss., at Chattanooga, and at Ring- 
gold Gap. He was mustered out with his regi- 
ment, July 18, 1864, practised law in Sandwich 
and had an office in Chicago. He was postmaster 
of Sandwich ; 
U.S. consul-general at Bangkok, Siam, 1869-76, 
when he saved the life of the son of the king and 
did much to promote the safety of Christian mis- 
sionaries in the kingdom. He returned to the 
United States in 1876 by way of Singapore and 
the Suez Canal, visiting the chief cities of Europe. 
He served as U.S. examiner of pensions at Rush- 
ville, Ind., and Tiffin, Ohio; 1882-89, He died at 
Sycamore, IIl., Jan. 22, 1899. 

PARTRIDGE, George, delegate, was born in 
Duxbury, Mass., Feb. 8, 1740; son of George and 
Hannah (Foster) Partridge: grandson of John 
and Hannah (Seabury) Partridge and of Dea- 
con Foster of Plymouth, Mass.,and a_ great- 
grandson of George and Sarah (Tracey) Par- 
tridge. George Partridge came to America from 
Kent county, England, about 1636, and receiv- 
ed a grant of land at Powder Point, Dux- 


[154] 


clerk of the circuit court, and — 


Awdry of the Anglican church. 


PARTRIDGE 


bury, Mass., where he settled. George Partridge 
was prepared for college under the Rev. Charles 
Turner, was graduated at Harvard A.B.. 1762, A. 
M., 1765, and engaged in teaching school in Kings- 
ton, Mass. He fitted for the ministry, but 
abandoned it, and returned to teaching school in 
1770 ; was a delegate to the Provincial congress, 
1774-75; a representative in the general court, 
1775-79, and sheriff of Plymouth county as suc- 
cessor to Gen. Joseph Warren, 1777-1812. He 
was a delegate to the Continental congress, 1779- 
82, and 1783-85; a representative in the Mas- 
sachusetts legislature in 1788, and a represent- 
ative in the first and second sessions of the Ist 
congress, 1789-90, resigning his seat, August 14, 
1790. He endowed Partridge seminary at Duxbury, 
Mass., and left a large part of his estate to reli- 
gious and charitable purposes. He was a fellow 
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 
He died in Duxbury, Mass., July 7, 1828. 

PARTRIDGE, Sidney Catlin, first missionary 
bishop of Kyoto, Japan, and the 195th in succes- 
sion in the American episcopate,was born in New 
York city, Sept. 1, 1857; son of George Sidney, 
Jr,, and Helen Derby (Catlin) Partridge ; grandson 
of George Sidney and Mary (Tew) Partridge, 
and a descendant of George Partridge of Ply- 
mouth, 1621. He was graduated at Yale in 1880, 
and at Berkeley Divinity school in 1884. He was 
admitted to the diaconate by Bishop Williams, 
June 4, 1884, and went as missionary to Shanghai, 
China, where Bishop Boone assigned him to St. 
John’s college as teacher and to St. Mary’s hall as 
chaplain. He was advanced to the priesthood by 
Bishop Boone in 1885, and in 1887 became rector 
of Boone school, Wu-chang, and missionary in 
charge of neighborhood work. At a special meet- 
ing of the House of Bishops in 1899, he was 
elected bishop of the newly created see of Kyoto, 
Japan, and was consecrated at the cathedral in 
Tokyo, Feb. 2,1900, by Bishops McKim, Graves 
and Schereschewsky of the American missions, 
assisted by Bishops Foss, Evington, Tyson and 
He received the 
honorary degree of D.D. from Berkeley Divinity 
school in 1900. 

PARTRIDGE, William Ordway, sculptor, was 
horn in Paris, France, April 11, 1861; brother of 
Sidney C. Partridge. He returned to the United 
States with his parents ‘in 1868, and was a student 
at Cheshire Military academy, Adelphi academy, 
Brooklyn, N.Y., and Columbia college successive- 
ly. In 1882 he wassent to Europe, where he studied 
sculpture in Naples, Florence, Rome and Paris 
until 1885, when he returned to the United States. 
He appeared at Wallack’s theatre, New York, as 
“Steerforth ” in David Copperfield, devoting his 
leisure to modeling in clay and to the study of 
Greek art with Thomas Davidson, and subse- 

[155] 


PARVIN 


quently gave his entire attention to sculpture. 
He was married in 1887 to Mrs. Augusta Merriam 
of Milton, Mass. They went to Rome, where Mr. 
Partridge entered the studio of Pio Welonski. 
Upon his return to the 
United States in 1889 he 
became professor of fine 
arts in Columbian univer- 
sity, Washington, D.C., 
and a lecturer before the 
National Social Science 
association, the Concord 
School of Philosophy and 
the Brooklyn institute. 
He had studios in Paris 
and in Anvers, Belgium, 
1893-94, and in 1894 set- 
tled in Milton, Mass. He 
held membership in the 
Sons of the American 
Revolution, in the Au- 
thors, Cosmos and Press 
clubs and exhibited fre- Ye 
quently at the Paris Salon jad. an = 
and at the Royal acade- 
mies of London and Ber- 





‘ STATUE OF 
lin. He is the author of? ALEXANDER HAMILTON 


Art for America; The Song Life of a Sculptor ; 
The Technique of Sculpture The Angel of Clay 


(1900) and Nathan Hale (1992.) His sculpture 
includes: heroic statues of Shakespeare in Lin- 
coln Park, Chicago, Ill. (1879), and of Alexander 
Hamilton, Brooklyn, N.Y. (1880); Kauffmann 
memorial, Washington, D.C.; bust of Edward 
Everett Hale, Union League club, Chicago, IIL. ; 
bust of Whittier in Boston Public library (1896); 
colossal equestrian statue of Grant for Union 
League club, Brooklyn, N.Y. ; marble Madonna ; 
an heroic figure of Christ ; heroic statue of John 
Reese (1897) ; heroic equestrian statue of Fight- 
ing Joe Hooker (1897) ; and a second ideal head 
of Christ (1901). 

PARVIN, Theodore Sutton, educationist, was 
born in Cedarville, N.J., Jan. 15, 1817; son of 
Josiah and Lydia (Harris) Parvin. Josiah Parvin 
served as an aide to General Odgen in the war of 
1812, and his father was a Revolutionary soldier. 
Theodore Parvin removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
with his parents in 1829, was graduated at Wood- 
ward college in 1836, and at the Cincinnati Law 
school in 1837. He began practice in Burlington, 
Towa, in 1838, and was private secretary to Gov. 
Robert Lucas and territorial librarian, purchas- 
ing the first books that formed the nucleus of the 
Towa state library with an appropriation of $5,000 
made by congress. He was district attorney 
for the middle district of Iowa, 1839-41. He 
removed to Muscatine in 1840; was secretary of 
the legislative council, 1840-41; probate judge 


PASCHAL 


1841-47, and clerk of the U.S. district court, 1846- 
56. He was county judge, 1848-50; register of 
the state land office, 1857-59 ; librarian and cur- 
ator of the Iowa State university, 1858-70 ; 
professor of natural history, 1860-70, and pro- 
fessor of political economy there, 1867-70. In 
1844 he founded the Iowa Masonic library, and 
was its first librarian, the building being erected 
in 1884. He was secretary of the Iowa State 
Historical society, 1864-66; organizer of the 
Iowa State Teachers’ association in 1854, and 
its president in 1867; president of the school 
board of Muscatine in 1855, and later of the 
school board of Iowa City. He was also a founder 
of the state library society in 1890, and its pre- 
sident, 1892-94, and a member of the Pioneer 
Law Makers’ association. He was married, May 
17, 1843, to Agnes, daughter of George and 
Nancy (Barton)McCully of Muscatine, lowa. He 
received the honorary degree of A.M. from Miami 
university in 1861, and that of LL.D. from the 
Iowa State university in 1894. He edited the 
Historical Annals of Iowa, the Annals of Iowa 
Masonry, the Western Freemason (1859-60) : the 
Evergreen (1871-72), and the Transactions of the 
Knights Templar (1871-86). He is the author of : 
The Newspaper Press of Iowa, 1836-46 ; History of 
Towa (1877); History of Templary in the United 
States (1877); History of the Early Schools of 
Iowa, 1830-59 (1889). 

PASCHAL, George Washington, jurist, was 
born in Skull Shoals, Greene county, Ga., Nov. 
23, 1812, probably of Hebrew origin. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1832, and practised in 
Wilkes county, Ga., 1832-36. He was a heutenant 
in the volunteer service, engaged in the removal 
of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Indian 
Territory, and served as aide-de-camp to General 
John E. Wool, 1834-35. He married Sarah, 
daughter of John Ridge, the Cherokee chief. She 
was a full-blooded Indian, descended from a long 
line of chiefs, was well educated, a famous beauty 
and a fine conversationalist. She was an aunt of 
Elias C. Boudinot (q.v.). They removed to Van 
Buren, Ark., in 1836-37, where he engaged in the 
practice of law and was joined by his brother, who 
had assumed the name of Brewer. They had an 
extensive practice as Paschal & Brewer. He was 
justice of the supreme court of Arkansas, 1842-44 ; 
was defeated for representative in congress, and 
in 1848 removed with his brother to Texas. It 
was largely through his influence that Sam Hous- 
ton was elected governor of Texas in 1859. In 
1861 he opposed the doctrine of secession and 
published his opinions in the Southern Intelli- 
gencer, a paper which he had founded at Austin 
in 1856. He removed to Washington, D.G., in 
1869 where he was prominent in founding the 
law department of Georgetown university and 


[156] 


PASCO 





was professor of jurisprudence at that institution 
for many years. The honorary degree of LL.D, 
was conferred on him by Georgetown univ ersity — 
in 1875. He is the author of : Annotated Digest of — ¢ 
the Tots of Texas (1866, new ed. 1873); Anno-— 
tated Constitution of the United States (1868, new ; 
ed., 1876); Decisions of the Supreme Court of — 
Texas (5 vols., 1869-71); Digest of Decisions of the . 
Supreme Court of Texas (1871-78) ; a sketch of 
the last years of Sam Houston in Harper’s Mag- 7 
azine in 1866, and many contributions to maga- 
zines. He died in Washington, D.C., Feb. 16, 1878. _ 

PASCO, Samuel, senator, was born in London, ; 
England, June 28, 1834; son of John and Amelia — 
(Nash) Pasco, and grandson of Samuel Pasco of — 
Launceston and of Edward Nash of London. — 
His father brought him to Prince Edward Island — 
in 1842, and thence in 1844 to Charlestown, Mass. — 
He was graduated at the Charlestown high school 
in 1854; at Harvard college, A.B., 1858, and was. 
principal of the Waukeenah academy, Jefferson — 
county, Fla., 1859-61. He enlisted in the Con- — 
federate service, Aug. 10, 1861, as a private in the © 
3d Florida volunteers, which regiment in 1862 — 
formed a part of Bragg’s army in the Kentucky — 
campaign, and was later in Breckinridge’s divi- — 
sion in Tennessee, Mississippi and Georgia. At | 
the battle of Missionary Ridge he was left on the 
field severely wounded and remained a prisoner 
until a few weeks before the war closed when he — 
returned to Florida. He was again principal of _ 
the Waukeenah academy, 1865-66 ; clerk of the 
circuit court, Monticello, 1866-68, and was ad- — 
mitted to the bar in 1868, forming a partnership — 
with Col. William 8. Dilworth, his preceptor, — 
who died in 1869, leaving a large practice. He 
was married, Oct. 28, 1869, to Jessie, daughter of | 
William and Elizabeth “oa Denham. He — 
elected a mem- , 






ocratic 
committee 


fe 
7 
] 
1872, was _ its i : 
chairman, 1876- 

88, and a Demo- BEAR ARS att dT Rd 
cratic presiden- nH meses OL} 4 i m . | 
tial elector in ®t nan 
1880. He rep- | 
resented his state on the Democratic national 
committee, 1880-1900, and in the Democratic state: 
convention of 1884 received for a time a plurality 
of votes as the nominee for governor, but with- 
drew his name to prevent a deadlock, and upon 
his motion Edward A. Perry, his leading com- 
petitor, obtained the nomination. He was un- 
animously chosen president of the state constitu- 
tional convention in 1885, and was a representa- 
tive in the state legislature, 1886-87, being speaker | 
of the house. He was elected U.S. senator in April, 











PASKO 


1887, and took his seat, Dec. 5, 1887, his term ex- 
piring March 3, 1893, when he was appointed by 
Governor Henry L. Mitchell to fill the office ad 
interim. When the legislature met in April, 
he was renominated by acclamation and un- 
animously re-elected for the term expiring March 
8, 1899. Being again appointed to fill the office 
ad interim by Governor William D. Bloxham, he 
served until the election of James Piper Taliaferro 
by the legislature, April 19, 1899. In the 58rd 
congress he was chairman of the committee on 
claims. On June 10, 1899, he was appointed a 
member of the Isthmian Canal commission. 
PASKO, Wesley Washington, typographist, 
was born in Waterloo, N.Y., Jan. 4, 1840; son of 
Jeremiah and Martha (Van Osdol) Probasco and 
a descendant of colonial families of New York. 
He did not adopt the surname of Pasko until 
after 1872. Hewas graduated at the public school 
‘of Waterloo, was employed in a cotton and 
woolen factory until 1855, when he entered a 
printing office in Utica, N.Y., and in 1859 went 
to the office of the New York Tribune, removing 
to Charleston, 8.C., in 1860. He was arrested as 
an abolitionist by the vigilance committee, and 
on failure to prove the charge he was ordered to 
leave the city. He was married, Oct. 21, 1860, to 
Elizabeth Theresa Jarret. He published a paper 
‘in Trumansburg, N.Y., 1860-61, and returned to 


the Tribune in 1861. He enlisted in the 16th 


N.Y. Heavy Artillery, and served in the army 
under Gen. B. F. Butler. He returned to New 
York at the close of the war and served on the 
editorial staff of newspapers both in Albany and 

Troy. He was an editor in the department of 

miblic instruction, assisted in codifying the N.Y. 
ci laws in 1867, and on his return to New 
York city in 1868, edited the Albion and subse- 
quently a newspaper in Lancaster, N.H., again 
‘turning to New York to engage in the printing 
usiness. He was literary advisor for a Cin- 
nnati publishing house, 1879-83, and in 1883 
ublished the New York Typothetz, being 
ule its secretary and librarian in 1885. He 
invented the Pasko Press in 1886, capable of 
producing 60,000 impressions of small financial 
nd stock exchange bulletins in one hour. He is 
editor of : Menwho Advertise (1868) ; Old New 
wk (1870) ; author of : Biographical History of 
Indiana (1881); History of Buller County, Ohio, 
(1883) >A Dictionary of Printing and Book Mak- 
ing and History of Printing in New York from 
its Beginning to the Present Time. He died in 
New York city, Dec. 15, 1897. 

_ PATERSON, John, patriot, was born in Farm- 
ington, Conn., fn 1774; son of Maj. John and 
Ruth (Bird) Paterson. His paternal grandfather, 
a native of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, emigrated to 

merica during the latter part of the seventeenth 











‘Continental army. 


PATERSON 


century. His father, Maj. John Paterson, an 
officer in the British army, served in the 
French and Indian wars, was with Wolfe at 
Quebec and died at Havana, Cuba, Sept. 5, 1762. 
Gen. John Paterson was graduated from Yale in 
1762, taught school, and studied and practised 
law. He was justice of the peace of Farmington 
and was married, June 2, 1766, to Elizabeth, 
daughter of Joseph and Hannah (Warren) Lee. 
In 1774 he removed to Lenox, Berkshire county, 
Mass., and the same year was elected clerk of the 
propriety of Lenox, selectman and assessor. He 
was a member of the Berkshire convention held 
at Stockbridge, Mass., in 1774 and was a repre- 
sentative in the Ist and 2d provincial congresses 
at Salem and Cambridge respectively. He or- 
ganized the Stockbridge Indians for military ser- 
vice and raised a regiment known as the 15th 
foot in the Continental service, of which he be- 
came colonel. It marched to Boston the third 
day after the battle of Lexington and threw up 
the first redoubt along the lines around Boston, 
which placed the city in a state of siege by 
blockading the highways. During the battle of 
Bunker till he held Fort No. 3, Prospect Hill, 
Charlestown Heights, and engaged in the de- 
fence of Lechmere’s Point, Nov. 9, 1775, for 
which he was complimented by Washington. 
He joined Arnold in Canada and took part in the 
battle of the Cedars near Montreal in June, 1776, 
where seventy-nine of his men were taken 
prisoners. He was engaged in the battles of 
Trenton and Princeton, N.J. ; promoted brigadier- 
general, Feb. 21,1777 ; sent to Ticonderoga, being 
present at the evacuation, July 5, 1777; fought at 
the battle of Hubbardton, July 7-11, and was with 
General Gates at Saratoga in October, 1777. He 
was with Washington at Valley Forge, 1777-78, 
and participated in the battle at Monmouth, June 
28,1778. He was a member of the board that 
tried Major André; was in command at West 
Point, 1780-81, and was commissioned major- 
general, Sept. 30, 1783, being with the exception 
of Lafayette the youngest of that rank in the 
In December, 1783, he retired 
from the army and resumed his law practice in 
Lenox. Upon the outbreak of Shays’s rebellion 
in 1785, he was appointed major-general of the 
state militia and commanded the Berkshire 
militia. For his services in this rebellion he was 
tendered the thanks of the legislature. He was 
one of the organizers of the Society of the Cin- 
cinnati, his name standing second on the list 
after General Washington. He removed to Tioga 
county, N.Y., in 1791 ; was a member of the state 
assembly, 1792, 1793, 1798 and 1801; was chief 
justice of Tioga and Broome counties, 1798-1808, 
and was a representative from New York in the 
8th congress, 1803-05. He received his master’s 


(157) 


PATERSON 


degree from Yale in 1779. His house was burned 
soon after his death, destroying all his papers, 
memoranda and portraits. A tablet to his 
memory was erected in Trinity church, Lenox, 
Mass., in 1887, and a granite monument was 
erected in the town by his great-grandson, 
Thomas Egleston (q.v.) in 1892, and Dr, Egleston 
also wrote his memoir in 1899. Gen. John Pat- 
erson died suddenly at Whitney’s Point, Lisle, 
N.Y.. July 19, 1808. 

PATERSON, William, associate justicé, was 
born in the north of Ireland in 1745; eldest son 
of Richard Paterson, who with his wife and son 
came to Philadelphia in 1747; settled first in 
Trenton, in Princeton in 1750, and in 1779 in Rar- 
itan, where he died in 1781. William Paterson 
prepared for college at the grammar school and 
was graduated at the College of New Jersey, A.B., 
1763, A.M., 1766. He read law with Richard 
Stockton, afterward the signer, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1769, He was a deputy to the New 
Jersey Provincial congress that met May 11, 1775, 
and was secretary of that body. He was an officer 
of the Somerset battalion of minute men in 1776, 
and in June of that year was appointed, with 
John Witherspoon, William Livingston and John 
Mehelm, the committee to arrest and depose the 

{Wry royal gov- 

wesc ernor. He 

a a the 

ewes first attor- 








~ 76; amem- 
@ ber of the 

legislative 

council, 17- 
76; a delegate to the Continental congress, 1780- 
81, and to the constitutional convention of 1787. 
He was elected U.S. senator on the organiza- 
tion of the first state legislature in 1789, and 
drew the long term. He served in the senate 
as one of the tellers to count the electoral 
vote, was chairman of the committee on election 
certificates and a member of the judiciary com- 
mittee. He resigned his seat in the senate in 
1790, having been elected by the legislature gov- 
ernor of New Jersey, as successor to Governor 
Livingston, the first governor of the state. Fis 
term of service expired, Jan. 1, 1793, and he was 
appointed by President Washington associate 
justice of the United States supreme court, tak- 
ing his place on the bench in 1793 and serving 
up to the time of his death. He presided over 
several of the Whiskey Insurrection trials, and 
over the trial of Ogden and Smith for aiding 
Miranda in his South American expedition. He 
was married in 1779 to Cornelia Bell of Perth Am- 


1785-1788. 
GOVERNMENT HOUSE, NewYork, 


(158] 





PATRICK 


boy, N.J., who died, Nov. 15, 1785, leaving two 
children, William Bell and Cornelia, and he mar- 
ried secondly in 1785, Euphemia, daughter of Col, 
Anthony White of New Brunswick, N.J. She 
died Jan. 29, 1822, childless. He declined the 
appointment of secretary of state in President 
Washington’s cabinet, as successor to Thomas 
Jefferson, and also that of attorney-general. He 
received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the 
University of the State of New York in 1792, 
from Dartmouth and the College of New Jersey 
in 1805, and from Harvard in 1806. He was a 
fellow of the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences, and the author of Laws of New Jersey — 
(1798-99). On his way to the springs in Saratoga — 
county, N.Y., for the benefit of his health, he 
died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Stephen 
Van Rensselaer, in Albany, N.Y., Sept. 9, 1806. 
PATRICK, George Thomas White, educator, — 
was born in North Boscawen, N.H., Aug. 19, 
1857: son of John and Harriet (White) Patrick; 
grandson of William and Mary (Gerrish) Patrick, 
and of Thomas and Mary (May) White, and a 
descendant of Matthew Patrick, of Scotch-Irish 
stock, who settled in Western (Warren), Mass., 
about 1731, and of William White, who came ; 
from Norfolk county, England, to Massachusetts 
in 1610. He was graduated from the State Uni- 
versity of Iowa, A.B., 1878, and from Yale uni- 
versity, B.D., 1885, took a post-graduate course in 
philosophy and psychology at Johns Hopkins, 
1885-87, and received from there the degree of | 
Ph.D. in 1888, having been twice appointed toa 
fellowship in philosophy in that institution. In 
1887 he became professor of philosophy in the 
State University of Iowa; in 1902 was the editor 
of the university’s Studies in Psychology, and be- | 
came the head of its department of philosophy | 
and psychology. He was married, Nov. 28, 1889, 
to Maud, daughter of William and Jeannette 
(Buck) Lyall. He wasa student at Leipzig uni- 
versity, 1894. He is the author of: The Frag- 
ments of the Work of Heraclitus of Ephesus (1889), 
and many contributions to scientific periodicals, 
notably the Popular Science Monthly. ‘ 
PATRICK, Marsena Rudolph, soldier, was_ 
born in Houndsfield, N.Y., March 15, 1811. He 
was graduated from the U.S. Military academy in 
1835, and was promoted brevet 2d lieutenant, 2d_ 
infantry, U.S.A., July 1, 1835. He was promot 
2d lieutenant, Oct. 31, 1836; took part in 
Florida war, 1837-42 ; was promoted 1st lieutenant, 
March 1, 1839; engaged in the war with Mexico, | 
1846-48 ; served as chief of commissariat of Gen- 
eral Wool’s column in northern Mexico, 1846-47, 
and was =f eee captain in the 22d infantry, 
Aug. 22, 1847. He was stationed at Vera Cruz, 
Maxton: 1847-48, and was brevetted major, May. 
30, 1848, for meritorious conduct while serving in 


7 
| 





4 


vies 








— ° 


‘ PATRICK 


’ the enemy’s country. He was assistant in the 
‘commissary-general’s oftice, Washington, D.C., 
1848-49, and resigned from the army, June 20, 

4850. He engaged in farming at Sacket Harbor, 
N.Y., 1850-59; was president of the Sacket Har- 
bor and Ellisburg railroad, 1853-54; general 
superintendent of the New York State Agricul- 
tural society, 1856-61, and president of the New 
York State Agricultural college, Ovid, N.Y., 
1859-61. He was brigadier-general of staff and 
inspector-general of New York state volunteers, 
1861: a member of the staff of General McClel- 

~ Jan, 1862; was promoted brigadier-general of U. 
S. volunteers, March 17, 1862, and commanded a 
brigade in the defence of Washington, D.C., 

_ March-May, 1862. He was military commandant 
of Fredericksburg ; took part in McDowell's pur- 
suit of Jackson, May 7-Aug. 9, 1862; in the 
Northern Virginia campaign in command of 
the 3d brigade, 1st division, 3d army corps, 
Aug.-Sept., 1862, and was present at the second 
battle of Bull Run and in the 1st army corps in 
the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. 
He was provost-marshal-general of the Army of 
the Potomac, 1863-65, and of the armies opera- 
ting against Richmond, 1864-65. He ‘was bre- 
vetted major-general, U.S. volunteers, March 13, 
1865, for ‘‘ faithful and meritorious services dur- 
ing the rebellion,” and was provost-marshal-gen- 
eral of the department of Virginia, commanding 
the district of Henrico, Va., May 25-June 9, 1865. 
He resigned, June 12, 1865, and resided at Geneva, 
N.Y. He was president of the New York State 
Agricultural society, 1867-68 ; commissioner for 
New York state, 1868-69 and 1879-80; removed 
to Dayton, Ohio, and was governor of the cen- 
tral branch of the National Home for disabled 
volunteer soldiers in Ohio, 1880-88. He died in 
Dayton, Ohio, July 27, 1888. 

PATRICK, Mary Mills, educator, was born in 
Canterbury, N.H., March 10, 1850; daughter of 
John and Harriet (White) Patrick ; granddaugh- 
ter of William and Mary (Gerrish) Patrick, and 
John and Mary (May) White, and great-grand- 
daughter of John Patrick, her first ancestor in 
America, who came from the north of Ireland 
and settled in Warren, Mass. She attended 
Franklin and Boscawen academies, New Hamp- 
shire ; Lyons college, Iowa; studied privately at 
Heidelberg and in the universities of Zirich, 
1893-94, Leipzig, 1894, Berlin, 1895, and Berne, 
1896-97. She received the honorary degree of 
A.M. from the University of Iowa, 1890, and the 
degree of Ph.D. from the University of Berne, 
1897. She made special language study in 
ancient and modern Armenian, ancient and mod- 
ern Greek, French, German and Turkish, and 
Studied in several libraries in Europe, making 
research on the subject of Pyrrhonism. She was 


PATTEN 


elected president of the American College for 
Women, in Constantinople, Turkey, 1890, and 
member of the psychological congresses, Munich, 
1896, Paris, 1900, and Philosophical congress, 
Paris,1900. She isthe author of: Armenian Trans- 
lation of Text Book on Physiology (1876); Sextus 
Empiricus and Greek Scepticism (1899), and popu- 
lar articles, including: Education of Women in 
Turkey (Forum, June, 1896); Women’s Struggle 
for Liberty in Germany (Popular Science Monthly, 
January, 1900); Ethics of the Koran (International 
Journal of Ethies, April, 1901.) 

PATTEE, Fred Lewis, educator, was born in 
Bristol, N.H., March 22, 1863; son of Lewis and 
Mary P. (Ingalls) Pattee; grandson of Moses 
Pattee, and a descendant of Peter Pattee, who 
settled in Haverhill, Mass., about 1640. He was 
graduated at Dartmouth, A.B., 1888, A.M., 1891. 
He was principal of Coe’s Northwood academy, 
New Hampshire, 1890-94, and in 1894 became 
professor of English language and literature at 
the Pennsylvania State college. He was married, 
March 9, 1889, to Anna L., daughter of Charles L. 
and Louisa P. (Simons) Plumer of Bristol, N.H. 
He is the author of : The Wine of May and other 
Lyrics (1893); Pasquaney, a Study (1894); A His- 
tory of American Literature (1896); Reading 
Courses in American Literature (1897); The Foun- 
dations of English Literature (1900); Mary Gar- 
vin: The Story of a New Hampshire Summer 
(1902); The Poems of Philip Freneau (2 vols., 
1902). He also edited Macbeth and contributed 
frequently to periodicals. 

PATTEE, William Sullivan, jurist, was born in 
Jackson, Maine, Sept. 19, 1846 ; son of Daniel and 
Mary Ann (Bixby) Pattee; grandson of Daniel 
and Ann (Putnam) Pattee and of Willard and Ab- 
bie (Ferguson) Bixby of Monroe, Maine. He was 
graduated from Bowdoin, A.B., 1871; A.M. 1874; 
was married Noy. 30, 1871, to Julia E., daughter of 
Jacob and Hannah Tuttle of Plymouth, Maine ; 
taught school and studied law, 1871-78 ; was_pro- 
fessor of natural science at Lake Forest university, 
Ill., 1872-73 ; was admitted to the bar June 28, 1878, 
at Faribault, Minn., and practiced in Northfield, 
Minn., for ten years. He was a Republican 
representative in the Minnesota legislature in 
1885, and became dean of the college and pro- 
fessor of the law of contracts and equity 
jurisprudence at the University of Minnesota, in 
1888. Iowa college conferred upon him the 
honorary degree of LL.D. in 1891. He is the 
author of: Pattee’s Illustrative Cases in Con- 
tracts, in Realty, in Equity, in Personalty, and 
author of the Elements of Contracts, and the 
Elements of Equity. 

PATTEN, John, delegate, was born in Kent 
county, Del., in 1746. He was commissioned 
first lieutenant in the Delaware regiment, Jan. 


[159] 


PATTEN 


15, 1776, and major in the Delaware line or 
‘‘ Blue Hen’s Chickens,” Dec. 14,1779. He fought 
in almost every battle from Long Island to 
Camden, where he was taken prisoner, Aug. 16, 
1780, and was on parole until the close of the 
war. He was a delegate to the Continental 
congress from Delaware, 1785-86, and was a 
representative in the 3d congress, 1793-94, when 
his seat was successfully contested by Henry 
Latimer, who served the remainder of the term. 
He was re-elected to the 4th congress, serving 
1795-97, and died at Dover, Del., June 17, 1801. 
PATTEN, Simon Nelson, political economist, 
was born at Sandwich, Ill., May 1, 1852; son of 
William and Elizabeth(Pratt) Patten ; grandson of 
James and Mary (Robertson) Patten and of Simon 
and Deborah (Nelson) Pratt, and a descendant of 
William Pratt of Saybrook, Conn, (1632), and 
of William Patten, New York, 1794. He was 
prepared for college at Jennings seminary, 
Aurora, Ill. ; attended Northwestern university, 
Evanston, Ill., 1874-76; and was graduated at 
the University of Halle, Germany, A.M. and 
Ph.D., 1878. He was principal of public schools 
in Illinois and Iowa, 1882-88, and in 1883 became 
professor of political economy in the Wharton 
School of Finance and Economy, University of 
Pennsylvania. He contributed to the Annals of 
the American Academy of Political and Social 


Science, the Political Science Quarterly, the 
Journal of Economics, Conrad’s Jahrbucher, and 
other periodicals, and is the author of: The 


Stability of Prices (1888); The Consumption of 
Wealth (1889); The Economic Basis of Protection 
(1890): Principles of Rational Taxation (1890) ; 
The Educational Value of Political Hconomy 
(1891); The Theory of Dynamic Economies (1892) ; 
The Theory of Prosperity (1892); Theory of Social 
Forces (1896); The Development of English 
Thought (1899). 

PATTERSON, Daniel Todd, naval officer, was 
born on Long Island, N.Y., March 6, 1786. In 
August, 1800, he was appointed midshipman in 

the U.S. 
navy, being 
attached to 
the Phila- 
delphia,un- 
der Cap- 
tain Bain- 
bridge, and 
when in Oc- 
, 1803, 

=a = that ca Bee 
surrendered to a fleet of Tripolitan gunboats he 
was taken prisoner, and confined till 1805. He 
was promoted lieutenant in 1807; master com- 







THE FRIGATE 
CONSTITUTION, 


mandant in 1813, and commanded the naval 
forces at New Orleans, La., in 1814, receiving 


| 
PATTERSON ; 


the thanks of congress for his able co-operation — 
with the land force under General Jackson. He 
commanded the expedition against the pirate 
Lafitte, on the island of Barataria ; destroyed the 
forts and other defences, and carried to New 
Orleans, as prizes, the pirate ships and a rich 
booty. He was promoted captain in 1815; com- 
manded the frigate Constitution in the Mediter- 
ranean, 1826-28; was navy commissioner, 1828-32; 
was in command of the Mediterranean squadron, 
1832-36, and was commandant of the U.S. nayy 

yard, Washington, 1856-39. He died in Washing- 
ay D.C., Aug.15, 1839. 

PATTERSON, David Trotter, senator, was — 
born in Greene county, Tenn., Feb. 28, 1819. — 
He attended Greenville college, Tenn. ; engaged 
in business as a paper maker and as a miller; 
was admitted to the bar in 1841, and was judge 
of the circuit court of Tennessee, 1854-63. ‘He | 
was married in 1857, to Martha, daughter of 
Andrew and Eliza (McCardle) Johnson. Mrs. 
Pattersoa was mistress of the White House, 
1866-69, and died in Greenville, Tenn., July 10, 
1901. Judge Patterson was elected U.S. senator 
from Tennessee under the reconstruction measure 
of July 24, 1866, and drew the short term expiring 
March 3, 1869. He afterward practised law in 
Tennessee, and died in Greenville, in 1891, 

PATTERSON, Francis Engle, soldier, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 24, 1827; son of 
Gen. Robert and Sarah Ann (Engle) Patterson. 
He was graduated from the University of Penn- 
sylvania, A.B., 1841, A.M., 1844, and engaged in 
business asa merchant. He served in McCul- 
lough’s ‘‘ Texas Rangers” in the Mexican war; 
was appointed 2nd lieutenant of 1st U.S. artillery 
in 1847; was promoted 1st lieutenant in 1848, 
and captain of 9th U.S. infantry in 1855, He 
resigned his commission in May, 1857, and 
returned to his mercantile business until 1862, 
when he was given command of the 115th 
regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers. He was 
promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, April 
11, 1862, and commanded the 38rd_ brigade, 
Hooker’s division, Heintzelman’s corps at Wil-_ 
liamsburg and Seven Pines. He was killed by 
the accidental discharge of his own revolver, and 
died at Fairfax Court House, Va., Nov. 22, 1862. 

PATTERSON, George, clergyman, was born 
in Boston, Mass., July 18, 1828; son of George 
Papathakes, a Greek merchant of Boston, who 
wrote his name Patterson. He was admitted to 
the diaconate by Bishop Ives of North Carolina” 
April 9, 1852, and advanced to the priesthood, — 
April 27, 1856, by Bishop Atkinson, of North 
Carolina. He served as assistant to the Rev. 
G. A. Watson in Grace church parish, Plymouth, | ; 
N.C., and in neighboring parishes and missions, | 
including the plantation on Lake Scuppernoaa 


[160] 


= Saal 





e 


PATTERSON 


of the late Josiah Collins, 1852-61; was chaplain 
in the C.S. army 1861-65; again assistant to the 
Rev. G. A. Watson in St. James parish, Wil- 
mington, N.C.,1865-70 ; rector of St. John’s, Wil- 
mington, 1870; finance agent of the University 
of the South, 1881-82; missionary in Texas, 1881- 
86, and rector of Grace Church parish, Memphis, 
Tenn., 1886-1901. He served as dean of the con- 
yocation of Memphis, was a member of the 
standing committee of the diocese, deputy to the 
general convention, and an examining chaplain 
for Bishop Gailor at the time of his death. He 
received the honorary degree of D.D. from the 
University of North Carolina in 1847, and from 
the University of the South in 1895. He con- 
tributed to The Diovese of Tennessee and other 
periodicals. He died in Memphis, Dec. 10, 1901. 
PATTERSON, George Herbert, educator, was 
born in Buffalo, N.Y., Dec. 26, 1836; son of the 
Rev. Albert Clarke and Juliet Content (Rath- 
bone) Patterson; grandson of Enoch and Mary 
(Adams) Patterson, of Boston, Mass., and of 
Samuel and Mary (Turner) Rathbone, of Buffalo, 
N.Y., and a descendant of James Patterson, of 
Lyme Regis, England, who came to America in 
the Jane and Sarah,in 1652. Albert Clarke 
Patterson (1809-1874), Harvard A.B., 1830; A.M., 
1833; graduate of Harvard Divinity school, 1833 ; 
honorary A.M., Hobart, 1857, was rector and 
missionary in western New York, New Jersey 
and Massachusetts, 1857-74. George Herbert 
Patterson was graduated at Hobart, valedictorian, 
A.B., 1858, A.M., 1861, and from Harvard, LL.B., 
1863. He taught school: was admitted to the 
bar in 1864; returned to academic work, 1866 ; 
headmaster, St. Martin’s school, Southborough, 
Mass., 1866-69 ; was admitted to the diaconate in 
1870, ordained to the priesthood in 1877; was 
president of the DeVeaux college, N.Y., 1869-81, 
and rector of St. Mary’s church, South Ports- 
mouth, R.I., 1887-1901. He was principal of 
Berkeley school, Providence, R.I., 1883-88, and 


“was made a corresponding member of the New 
England Historic Genealogical society in 1883. 


PATTERSON, James Kennedy, educator, 
was born in Glasgow, Scotland, March 26, 1833 ; 
son of Andrew and Janet (Kennedy) Patterson, 
and grandson of James and Ann (Langwill) Pat- 
terson and of William and Helen (McFarland) 
Kennedy. He attended school in Alexandria, 
Scotland; immigrated with his parents to the 
United States in 1842, and settled in Bartholo- 
mew county, Ind. He was graduated at Han- 


‘Over college, Ind., A.B., 1856, A.M., 1859, and 


was principal of the Presbyterian academy at 
Greenville, Ky., 1856-59. He was married, Dec. 
27, 1859, to Lucelia, daughter of Capt. Charles F. 
Wing of Greenville, Ky. He was professor of 
Latin and Greek in Stewart college, Clarksville, 


PATTERSON 


Tenn., 1860-61; principal of the Transylvania 
high school, Lexington, Ky., 1861-65; became 
professor of history and metaphysics in Ken- 
tucky university at Lexington, Ky., in 1865, and 
in 1869 was also elected president of the Agricul- 
tural and Mechanical college of the same univer- 
sity. When the legislature detached the Agri- 
cultural and Mechanical college from Kentucky 
university in 1878 he continued to be president 
of the former, which was given the name of 
State college. He was a delegate from Kentucky 
to the International Geographical congress at 
Paris, France, in 1875, and to the British associa- 
tion at Bristol, 1875, and at Leeds, 1890. In 1889 
he was elected a fellow of the Royal Historical 
society of Great Britain and a fellow of the Society 
of Antiquaries of Scotland. He was successful 
in his endeavor to maintain the constitutional 
act of levying a tax for the support of the State 
college, 1881-82, and bequeathed by will his 
library and all his estate to the State college to 
found and endow a library in memory of his 
son, William Andrew Patterson, who was born 
in 1868 and died in 1895, He received the degree 
of Ph.D. from Hanover college in 1875 and that 
of LL.D. from Lafayette college in 1896. He 
wrote editorials for the Courier-Journal of Lou- 
isville, Ky., 1871-74, and contributed to the 
Scottish-American. 

PATTERSON, James Wiliis, senator, was born 
in Henniker, N.H., July 2, 1823; son of William 
and Frances M. (Shepard) Patterson ; grandson of 
Joseph and Susannah (Duncan) Patterson, and a 
descendant of Alexander Patterson, who came 
from the north of Ireland in 1721 and settled in 
Londonderry, N.H. He was graduated from 
Dartmouth, A.B., 1848, A.M., 1851; taught in 
Woodstock academy, Conn.; read the elements 
of law, and on the advice of Beecher began to 
study theology at New Haven. He was a tutor 
at Dartmouth, 1852-54 ; professor of mathematics, 
1854-59 ; professor of astronomy and meteorol- 
ogy, 1859-65, and Willard professor of oratory, 
1893. He was school commissioner for Grafton 
county, N.H., and secretary of the state board of 
education, 1858-61; was a representative in the 
New Hampshire legislature, 1862; in the 38th 
and 39th congresses, 1863-67, and was U. S. sen- 
ator, 1867-73. With Garfield and Boutwellhe se- 
cured the passage through the house of the bill es- 
tablishing the department (afterward the bureau) 
of education. He was also the author of the bill 
authorizing consular clerkships and the bill for 
the establishment of colored schools in the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, and was chairman of the com- 
mittees on retrenchment and reform andthe Dis- 
trict of Columbia. He was accused of complic- 
ity in the Crédit Mobilier, and a resolution to 
expel him from the senate was considered Feb. 


[161] 


PATTERSON 


27, 1873, but the resolution was not adopted, and 
after his term expired an investigation showed 
him to be blameless. He was regent of the 
Smithsonian Institution, 1863-66; a delegate to 
the Philadelphia Loyalists’ convention, 1866 ; was 
again a representative in the state legislature in 
1877-78, and state superintendent of public in- 
struction, 1880-93. He delivered the oration at 
the unveiling of the soldiers’ monument at Mari- 
etta, Ohio, in 1880. The honorary degree of 
LL.D. was conferred on him by Iowa college in 
1868. He died in Hanover, N.H., May 4, 1893. 

PATTERSON, John James, senator, was born 
in Waterloo, Pa., Aug. 8, 1830; son of William 
Hart and Mary Ann Moore (Wilson) Patterson ; 
grandson of John and Isabella (Lyon) Patterson, 
and of George and Isabella (White) Wilson ; and 
a descendant of John Patterson, who came from 
the north of Ireland in 1701 and settled at Trappe, 
Pa.,and of Samuel Wilson who settled in Chester 
county, Pa., about 1680. He was graduated from 
Jefferson college, Pa.,in 1848. He was a Whigin 
politics and an editor by profession; edited the 
Juniata Sentinel at Mifflintown, Pa., during the 
presidential campaign of 1852; the Harrisburg 
Telegraph, 1853-63, and became a banker and rail- 
road president. He was a Republican representa- 
tive in the Pennsylvania legislature, 1859-61, and 
served in the Federal army on the staff of Gen. 
E. C. Williams. In 1869 he removed to South 
Carolina. He wasa Republican U.S. senator from 
South Carolina, 1873-79, and was not a candidate 
for re-election. He subsequently removed to 
Mifflintown, Pa., where he engaged in rail- 
roading. He was married first, Jan. 30, 1855, 
to Leucretia Eliza Moore, who died Jan. 8, 1884 ; 
secondly, Nov. 21, 1887. to Mildred May Franks 
of Wisconsin, who died Nov. 19, 1889, and thirdly, 
Feb. 15, 1893, to Flora Marcella Warford of Phil- 
adelphia, Pa. 

PATTERSON, Josiah, representative, was 
born in Morgan county, Ala., April 14, 1837; 
son of Malcolm and Mary (Dealoach) Patterson, 
and grandson of Alexander Patterson, a soldier in 
the Ravolutionary war, and of John Deloach. He 
attended the academy at Somerville, Ala., taught 
school, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. He 
was married in 1859 to Josephine, daughter of 
Judge Green P. and Ann Eliza (Turner) Rice of 
Alabama. He practised in Morgan county, 1859- 
61, and in 186! entered the Confederate army as 
1st lieutenant in the 1st Alabama cavalry. He 
commanded a company at the battle of Shiloh ; 
was promoted captain in May and colonel of the 
5th Alabama regiment in December, 1862; ope- 
rated in middle Tennessee and northern Alabama 
in 1863; commanded the district of North Ala- 
bama in 1864 and the post at Corinth in Decem- 
ber, 1864. He addressed the people of northern 


PATTERSON 


Alabama after the retreat of the army from Ten- 
nessee, and induced thousands to rejoin the Con- 
federate army. Hewas captured at the battle of 
Selma, but escaping, reorganized his regiment 
and served until forced to surrender, April 19, 
1865. He resumed the practice of law in Morgan 
county in 1865, removed to Florence, Ala., in 
1867, and to Memphis, Tenn., in 1872. He was a 
representative in the state legislature in 1882; a 
presidential elector from the state at large on the 
Democratic ticket in 1888, and was defeated as 
candidate for governor in 1890. He was a Demo- 
cratic representative from the tenth Tennessee 
district in the 52d, 53d and 54th congresses, 
1891-97. 

PATTERSON, Malcolm Rice, representative, 
was born in Somerville, Ala., June 7, 1861; son 
of Josiah (q.v.) and Josephine (Rice) Patterson. 
He was graduated from the Christian Brothers 
college, Memphis, Tenn., A.M., and took a special 
library course at Vanderbilt university, Nash- 
ville. He was admitted to the bar in 1883 ; prac- 
ticed in Memphis, and was elected district attor- 
ney for Shelby county in 1894, for aterm of eight 
years. He resigned, Sept. 10, 1900, on being 
nominated for congress, and was a Democratic 
representative from the tenth Tennessee district 
in the 57th and 58th congresses, 1901-05. 

PATTERSON, Robert, educator, was born in 
county Down, Ireland, May 30, 1748. He imuini- 
grated to the United States in 1768 and settled in 
Pennsylvania, where he was employed as a 
teacher. 
Wilmington, Del., in 1774, and upon the out- 
break of the Revolutionary war volunteered in 
the patriot army. He served as military instruc- 
tor, adjutant, assistant surgeon, and _ brigade 
major. He was married to Anne Hunter Ewing 
of Philadelphia ; was professor of mathematics 
in the University of Pennsylvania, 1782-18138, and 
served as vice-provost of the university, 1810-13. 
He was a member of the select council of Phila- 
delphia and was elected its president in 1799. He 
was appointed in 1805 by President Jefferson di- 
rector of the U.S, Mint, and served in that 
capacity until his death. He was elected a mem- 


He was principal of the academy at 


iyi 


ber of the American Philosophical society in~ 


1783 and was its president, 1819-24. The honor- 


ary degree of A.M. was conferred on him by the — 


University of Pennsylvania in 1787 and that of 
LL.D. in 1819. Heisthe author of: The New- 
tonian System (1808); A Treatise on Arithmetic 


(1819), besides many articles in the Transactions — 


of the American Philosophical Society ; and ed- 
ited James Ferguson’s Lectures on Mechanics (% 
vols., 1806); Ferguson’s Astronomy (1809), and 
John Webster’s Natural Philosophy. with a me- 
moir of the author (1809). He died in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., July 22, 1824. 


[162] 








PATTERSON 


PATTERSON, Robert, soldier, was born in 
Cappagh, county Tyrone, Ireland, Jan. 12, 1792. 
His father immigrated to the United States in 
1789 to escape punishment for complicity in the 
Irish rebellion, and settled in Delaware county, 
Pa. Robert attended the public schools and was 
employed in a Philadelphia counting house. 
Upon the outbreak of the war of 1812 he was 
commissioned Ist lieutenant of infantry and 
toward the end of the war served on Gen. Joseph 
Bloomfield’s staff. He returned to Philadelphia, 
was married to Sarah Ann Engle, and engaged in 
mercantile pursuits and in establishing cotton 
mills. He was a member of the convention that 
met at Harrisburg March 4, 1824, and was com- 
missioner of internal improvements in Pennsyl- 
vania, 1827. In 1836 he was the Democratic 
elector for the first congressional district of 
Pennsylvania, and in 1837 was president of the 
electoral college that declared Martin Van Buren 
the President elect. He was commissioned major- 
general of volunteers in 1847, and served through- 
out the war with Mexico. He commanded a di- 


-yision at the battle of Cerro Gordo, April 17-18, 


1847 ; led the advance brigades in the pursuit, and 
entered and captured Jalapa. He was honorably 
mentioned in Gen. Winfield Scott’s reports. He 
was major-general of the Pennsylvania militia, 
and on April 15, 1861, volunteered for three 
months’ service, was mustered in as major-gen- 
eral of volunteers, and was given command of 
the military department composed of the states 
of Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and the 
District of Columbia. He crossed into Virginia 
June 15, 1861, at Williamsport, and was instructed 
to watch the troops under Gen. Joseph E. John- 
ston at Winchester, Va. When McDowell was 
preparing to engage the enemy at Bull Run, July 
21, 1861, Patterson, not receiving promised orders 
from Gen. Winfield Scott, failed to detain John- 
ston by giving him battle, and Johnston marched 
to the assistance of Beauregard, Patterson tak- 
ing no part in the battle of Bull Run. He was 


_ honorably mustered out of service on the expira- 


tion of his commission, July 27, 1861, and resumed 
thecharge of hisimportant cotton manufactures. 
He was a member of the original board of trus- 
tees nominated in the charter of Lafayette col- 
lege; was senior member of the board, 1826-35 ; 
again a trustee, 1874-81, and president of the 
board of trustees, 1876-81. He is the author of : 
Narrative of the Campaign in the Shenandoah 
(1865.) Hediedin Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 7, 1881. 

PATTERSON, Robert Maskell, educator, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 23, 1787; son of 
Robert and Amé Hunter (Ewing) Patterson. He 
was graduated from the University of Pennsyl- 
vania A.B., 1804; A.M., 1807; M.D., 1808. He 
studied the physical sciences in London and 


PATTERSON 


Paris, and was appointed acting U.S. consul- 
general at Paris in 1809. He was professor of 
natural philosophy and mathematics at the 
University of Pennsylvania, 1813-28 ; succeeded 
his father as vice provost of the university 
1814-28 ; was professor of natural philosophy at 
the University of Virginia, 1829-35, and a trustee 
of the university, 1836-54. He was director of 
the U.S. mint, 1835-51. He was a founder of 
Franklin Iustitute of Philadelphia, and one of 
its vice-presidents ; a founder of the Musical 
Fund society of Philadelphia, and its president, 
1838-53 ; a member of the American Philosophical 
society, Philadelphia, 1809-54 ; delivered the dis- 
course at its centennial celebration in 1848, and 
was its president, 1849-54; and a member of 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1839-54. 
He was married to Helen Hamilton, daughter of 
Thomas Leiper, of Philadelphia, and their son 
Robert (1819-1854) became a successful banker, 
and the pioneer trust safe deposit and insurance 
organizer in Philadelphia. He is the author of: 
Early History of the American Philosophical So- 
ciety: a Discourse atits 100th Anniversary (1848). 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 5, 1854. 
PATTERSON, Robert Mayne, clergyman, 
editor and author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 
July 17, 1832; son of John and Margaret (Mayne) 
Patterson, who were of Scotch extraction, and 
born near Belfast, Lreland, coming to America 
early in the nineteenth century. He completed 
the public and high school course, being gradu- 
ated with the first honor in 1849, and was an 
official reporter of the U.S. senate, 1850-55. He 
was graduated from Princeton Theological sem- 
inary in 1859, and was ordained by the _ pres- 
bytery of Philadelphia, Aug. 25, 1859. He was 
married in 1861 to Margaret Baxter Maclay, 
daughter of the Rev. James and Sarah Nourse, 
of Washington, Pa., and his wife died in 1863, 
He was married secondly, in 1867, to Rebecca 
Thomas, daughter of Joseph and Amy Malen, of 
Chester Valley, Pa. He was pastor at Great 
Valley, Pa., 1859-67 ; of the South church, Phila- 
delphia, 1867-81: and in 1881 returned to the 
Great Valley church, uniting with his pastoral 
duties the editorship of the Presbyterian Journal 
which he conducted, 1881-94. He was a member 
of the committee to revise and publish the 
** Digest of the Acts of the Assembly ” (1871) ; a 
member of the council that met in London in 
1875 to form an international Presbyterian alli- 
ance; a delegate to the pan-Presbyterian coun- 
cils in Philadelphia, 1880, Belfast, Ireland, 1884, 
Edinburgh, 1888; moderator of the synod of 
Pennsylvania 1890, and member of fourteen 
General Assemblies. The honorary degree of 
D.D.. was conferred on him by the College of 
New Jersey in 1875, and that of LL.D. by La- 


[163] 


PATTERSON 


fayette college in 1881. He is the author of: 
What is Our Duty ? (1868) ; Character of Abraham 
Lincoln (1864) ; Revival Councils (1871) ; Counsel 
to Young Converts (1871); Total Abstinence (1872) ; 
Presbyterianism in Philadelphia (1878); Which 
is the Apostolic Church ? (1874) ; Paradise: the 
Place and State of Saved Souls Between Death 
and the Resurrection (1874) ; History ofthe Synod 
of Philudelphia (1876) ; Visions of Heaven for the 
Life on Earth (1877) ; Elijah, the Favored Man 
(1830): Proceedings of the Pan-Presbyterian 
Council of 1880 (1881); American Presbyterianism 
in its Development and Growth (1896) ; The Angels 
and their Ministrations (1900) ; Short Method with 
Skeptics (1900) ; and editor of The Presbyterian, 
1868-80. 

PATTERSON, Robert Wilson, educator, was 
born near Maryville, Blount county, Tenn., Jan. 
21, 1814 ; son of Alexander and Sarah E. (Steven- 
son) Patterson, both natives of South Carolina 
and a descendant of Scotch Presbyterians, who 
immigrated to America to escape persecution. 
He removed to Illinois with his parents in 1824, 
was graduated at Illinois college in 1837, and 
attended Lane Theological seminary at Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, 1837-39 and 1840-41. He was ordained 
by the presbytery of Ottawa, Sept. 14, 1842, was 
pastor of the second Presbyterian church, Chi- 
cago, Ill., 1842-73, and declined the chair of 
didactic theology in Lane Theological seminary 
in 1854. He was moderator of the new school 
Presbyterian church in 1859, and a member of 
the conference union of the two schools. He 
was professor of Christian evidences and ethics 
in McCormick Theological seminary, Chicago, 
Ill., 1873-81 ; president of Lake Forest university, 
Tll., 1876-78, and a lecturer on apologetics and 
Christian evidences in Lane Theological semi- 
nary, 1881-84. He received the degree D.D. from 
Hamilton college in 1856, and that of LL.D. from 
Lake Forest university in 1884. He retired to 
Evanston, Ill., where he died Feb. 28, 1894. 

PATTERSON, Robert Wilson, editor, was 
born in Chicago, Ill., Nov. 30, 1850; son of the 
Rev. Dr. Robert Wilson (q. v.) and Julia (Quigley) 
Paterson. Heattended the public schools of Chi- 
cago, the Chicago University preparatory school 
and Lake Forest academy, and was graduated 
from Williams college in 1871. He began the 
study of law which he abandoned for journalism, 
being employed during the great fire of 1871 as a 
reporter on the Chicago Times. He was on the 
staff of the Interior, 1872-73, and in 1873 began his 
connection with the Chicago Tribune, serving as 
night editor, Washington correspondent, editorial 
writer, managing editor, and in 1899 succeeding 
Joseph Medill (q. v.) as editor-in-chief. He was 
married, Jan. 17, 1878, to Elinor, daughter of 
Joseph and Katherine (Patrick) Medill. 


PATTERSON 


PATTERSON, Thomas, representative, was 
born in Lancaster county, Pa., Oct. 1, 1764; son 
of William and Rosanna (Scott) Patterson, and 
grandson of James and Mary (Montgomery) Pat- 
terson. James Patterson immigrated from the 
north of Ireland, andsettled in Lancaster county, 
Pa., in 1728. Thomas resided at West Middle- 
town and was a Republican representative in 
the 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th congresses, 1817-25. 
He died in West Middletown, Pa., Nov. 17, 1841. 

PATTERSON, Thomas Harmon, naval officer, 
was born in New Orleans, La., May 10, 1820; was 
warranted acting midshipman in the U.S. navy 
April 5, 1886; was made midshipman in March 
1837, and served on the Falmouth, of the Pacific 
squadron, 1887-40. He attended the naval school 
at Philadelphia in 1842; was promoted passed 
midshipman, July 1, 1842; master, Oct. 31, 1848, 
and lieutenant, June 23, 1849. He served on the 
eastern coast of Africa, 1849-54, in 1861 was given 
command of the Chocura, Hampton Roads, Va., 


and was senior officer of the naval forces on the 


York and Pamunky rivers, co-operating with the 
Army of the Potomac. He was promoted com- 
mander, July 16, 1862, and commanded the steamer 
James Adger of the South Atlantic squadron 
November—June, 1862, taking part in the block- 
ade of Wilmington and Charleston and in an 
attack on a flying battery near Fort Fisher, Aug. 
23, 1863. 
runners Cornubia and Robert EH. Lee in Novem- 
ber, 1863. He was commissioned captain, July 
25, 1866 ; was stationed at Washington navy yard, 
1867-70 ; was promoted commodore, Novy. 2, 1871, 
and rear-admiral, March 28, 1877. He was presi- 
dent of the naval board of examiners in 1876-77, 
was in command of the Asiatic squadron, 1880- 
82, and was retired May 10, 1882. He died in 
Washington, D.C., April 9, 1889. 

PATTERSON, Thomas MacDonald, senator, 
was born in county Carlow, Ireland, Nov. 4, 1840: 
son of James and Margaret (Montjoy) Patterson. 
He immigrated to the United States with his par- 
ents in childhood and after a short residence in 
New York removed to Indiana, where he attended 
Asbury (now De Pauw) university and Wabash 
college. He was married in 1863 to Kate Graf 
ton of Watertown, Mass. He was admitted to 
the bar in 1868. He settled in practice at Den- 


ver, Col.; was city attorney of Denver in 1874; 
a delegate to the 44th congress from Colorado 


Territory, 1875-77, and was elected a represen- 
tative to the 45th congress. 
of election was given his opponent, James L. 


Belford, who was unseated, and Mr. Patterson — 


took his seat Dec. 13, 1877, and served until March 
1879. He was a delegate to the Democratic nat- 
ional conventions of 1876, 1880, 1888 and 1892; a 
member of the Democratic national committee, 


[164] 


He captured the Confederate «blockade 

















The certificate — 








her brother-in-law, 





PATTI 


1874-80, and the Democratic nominee for governor 
of Colorado in 1888. He purchased and edited 
the Rocky Mountain News at Denver, Col., 1890, 
and continued to practise law. As a member of 
the Democratic committee on resolutions in 1892 
he brought in a minority report, being the only 
member to favor the free coinage of silver, which 
was adopted in 1896. He repudiated Cleveland’s 
nomination in 1892 and led the movement which 
gave the electoral vote of Colorado to James B. 
Weaver. He was a presidential elector on the 
Bryan and Sewall ticket in 1896 and the Bryan 
and Stevenson ticket in 1900, and was elected to 
the U. S. senate as a Democrat in 1901, for the 
term ending March 8, 1907. His wife died July 
16, 1902, in Denver, Col. a 
PATTI, Adelina, prima donna, was born in 
Madrid, Spain, Feb. 19, 1843; daughter of Sal- 
yatore and Catherine (Cheisa) Barilli Patti, both 
singers of repute. She came to the United States 
with her parents in early childhood, and studied 
music under her step-brother, Ettore Barilli, and 
Maurice Strakosch. She 
made her début at a concert in New York city in 
1850, then toured Great Britain with Strakosch 
and Ole Bull, singing the songs of Jenny Lind, 
re-appeared in New York city, and in 1854 accom- 
panied Gottschalk, the pianist, to the West Indies. 
She retired from the concert stage, 1855-58, and 
continued her musical education, besides studying 
the French, German, Italian and English lan- 
guages. She made her first appearance in Italian 
opera at the Academy of Music, New York city, 
Noy. 24, 1859, in ‘‘ Lucia;” in London, May 14, 
1861, in ‘‘ La Sonnambula ” and in Paris, Nov. 16, 
1862. She subsequently visited Holland, Belgium 
Austria, Prussia and Russia. In St. Petersburg 
she received the Order of Merit and the title of 
“ first singer of the Court” from the Emperor in 
1870, and sang ‘‘ Aida” in the Apollo theatre, 
Rome, 1874. She made a concert tour of the 
United States, 1881-82, and appeared in opera 
there in the seasons of 1882-83, 1884-85 and 1886- 


_ 87. She made a tour of South America, Mexico, 


and the United States, 1887-88. Her voice, a so- 


_ prano of exceptional range, was especially adapted 


to pathos and coquetry. She married, July 29, 
1868, the Marquis de Caux, from whom she was di- 
vorced in 1885; secondly, in 1886, Ernesto Nicolini, 
an Italian tenor, who died in 1898 ; and thirdly, 
Jan. 25, 1899, Baron Rolf Cederstrom of Sweden, 
and made her home at Craig y Nos Castle, 
Wales. 

PATTISON, Robert Emory, governor of Penn- 
sylvania, was born in Quantico, Somerset county, 
Md., Dec. 8, 1850; son of the Rev. Robert Henry 
and Catherine Priscilla (Woolford) Pattison ; 
grandson of Judge Samuel and Ann (Skinner) 
Pattison and of Dr. Thomas and Margaret (Le 


PATTISON 


Compte) Woolford, of Cambridge, Dorchester 
county, Md., and a descendant of James Pattison 
of James Island, Md., who arrived in America, 
1640, and of Roger Woolford who came to Vir- 
ginia prior to 1662, and in that year settled in 
Somerset county, Md., 
the county for five 
years between 1676- 
94. Robert Emory 
Pattison Was gradu- 
ated at the Philadel- 


where he was justice of 


phia High — school, 
A.B., 1870; studied 


law with Lewis Cas- 
sidy, 1870-73, and was! 
admitted to the bar 
in 1878. He was city 
comptroller, 1877-82, 
and at once began a 
reform movement 
which resulted in his 
election as governor 
of Pennsylvania in 
1882 by a plurality of 40,202 over his Republican 
opponent, Gen. James A. Beaver. At the end 
of his term in 1886, he resumed his law practice 
in Philadelphia. In April, 1887, he was elected 
president of the Chestnut Street National bank 
and was a member and president of the U.S. 
Pacific railroad commission, 1887-90. He was 
re-elected governor of Pennsylvania in 1891 on 
the reform platform, his term expiring in 1895, 
and was again the Democratic nominee for gov- 
ernor in 1902. 

PATTISON, Robert Everett, educator, was 
born in Benson, Vt., Aug. 19, 1800 ;son of the Rev. 
William and Sarah (Everett) Pattison ; grandson 
of Capt. Robert and Elizabeth (Cochrane) Patti- 
son and of the Rey. Dr. Jeremiah and Elizabeth 
(Warren) Everett. Capt. Robert Pattisonand his 
wife were both,Scotch, but living in the north of 
Ireland, whence they immigrated to America, and 
settledin Vermont. Their son, the Rev. William 





Pattison, was the first male child born in Halifax, 
COLBY UN'VERSITY 





Vt. Robert Everett Pattison graduated from 
Amherst A.B., 1826, A.M., 1829; was tutor at 
Columbian college, Washington, D. C., 1826-27; 
professor of mathematics and natural philosophy 


[165] 


PATTISON 


at Waterville college, Maine (which institution 
became Colby university, Jan. 23,1867), 1827-29 ; 
pastor at Salem, Mass., and Providence, R.I., 
1829-36 ; president and professor of intellectual 
and moral philosophy, Waterville college, 1836- 
39; pastor at St. Louis, Mo., 1840-41, and at Provi- 
dence, R.I., 1841-42; secretary of the Baptist Mis- 
sionary Union, 1842-45; president of the Western 
Baptist Theological institute, Covington, Ky., 
1815-48 ; professor of Christian Theology at the 
Newton Theological institution, 1848-54 ; again 
president of Waterville college, 1854-57 ; proprie- 
torof Oread institute, Worcester, Mass., 1859-64 ; 
professor of systematic theology and history of 
doctrines at Shurtleff college, 1865-69, and pro- 
fessor of theology at the Union Baptist Theolog- 
ical seminary, Chicago, Ill., 1870-74. Brown uni- 
versity conferred on him the honorary degrees 
A.M., 1832, and D.D., 1888. He is the author of 
‘Commentary on the Epistle to the Ephesians” 
(1859). He died at the home of his eldest son, Ever- 
ett Wilson Pattison, St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 21, 1874. 

PATTISON, Thomas, naval officer, was born 
in Troy, N.Y., Feb. 8, 1822. He was appointed 
a midshipman in the U.S. navy, March 2, 1839, 
and served on the St. Louis of the Pacific 
squadron, 1839-42. He attended the naval school 
at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1845, was promoted passed 
midshipman July 2, 1845, and served on the 
steamers Scorpion and Princeton, the frigates 
Raritan and Columbia, the ordnance ship 
Electra and the gunboat Referee, of the home 
squadron, during the Mexican war. He. served 
with the coast survey, 1850-51; was promoted 
lieutenant, Sept. 12, 1854, and served on the 
Portsmouth of the Pacific squadron, 1852-55. 
He was the first American naval officer to enter 
Tokyo, Japan. He was stationed at the Boston 
navy yard in 1857, and was an officer on the 
Mississippi of the East India squadron, 1857-60. 
He was commissioned lieutenant-commander in 
1861, and served as executive officer of the sloop 
Perry. During a night engagement off Charles- 
ton, 8.C., June 4, 1861, he assisted in the capture 
of the Savannah, the first Confederate privateer 
takeninthe war. He commanded the Philadel- 
phia of the Potomac flotilla in October, 
1861, and engaged the Confederate batteries 
on the Potomac river and Aquia creek. He 
was transferred to the Swmter of the South 
Atlantic squadron, in 1862, and to the Sarah 
Dolson of the Mississippi squadron, in 1863. He 
was in charge of the naval station at Mem- 
phis, Tenn., 1863-65; was promoted commander, 
March 38, 1865, and was in charge of the Muscota, 
of the Atlantic squadron, 1865-67. He was on 
duty at the Norfolk navy yard, 1867-69; was 
promoted captain in June, 1870, and commanded 
the Richmond in the West Indies, 1871-72; the 


PATTON 


Saranac and the receiving ship Independence, 
1872-78. He was promoted commodore, Dec. 11,. 
1877, and commanded the naval station at Port. 
Royal, 8.C., 1878-80. He was transferred to the 
navy yard at Washington, D.C., in 1880, and 
served until July, 1883, when he was detached. 
He was commissioned rear-admiral, in November, 
1883, and was retired Feb. 8, 1884. He died at. 
New Brighton, N.Y., Dec. 19, 1891. 

PATTON, Francis Landey, educator, was. 
born in Warwick parish, Bermuda, Jan. 22, 
1848. He attended Warwick academy, the 
University of Toronto, Knox college, Toronto, 
and was graduated from the Princeton Theolo- 


gical seminary in 
1865. He was mar- 
ried, Oct. 10; 1865; 


to Rosa Antoinette, 
daughter of the Rev. 
John M. Stevenson, 
of New York city. 
He was ordained by 
the presbytery of 
New York, June 1, 
1865; was pastor of 
the Highty-fourth 
Street church, New 
York city, 1865-67 ; 
the Presbyterian 
ehurch, Nyack, N.Y., 
1867-70; the South 
church, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1871; Cyrus H. Mc- 
Cormick professor at Northwest (now McCor- 
mick) seminary, Chicago, 1872-81; pastor of 
Jefferson Park church, Chicago, Ill., 1874-81, 
and moderator of the general assembly, 1878. 
He was Stuart professor of the relations of 
philosophy and science to the Christian religion 
(endowed for him by Robert L. Stuart) at 
Princeton Theological seminary, 1880-88. He 
was made professor of ethics at the College of 
New Jersey in 1886, and in 1888 succeeded James. 
McCosh to the presidency of the College of New 
Jersey which in 1896 became Princeton university. 
During his presidency he doubled the number of 
students, of buildings, of members of the faculty, 
and the endowment of the university. He 
resigned the presidency of Princeton university 
in June, 1902, and on Oct. 14, 1902, was elected 
president of Princeton Theological seminary. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon 
him by Hanover college in 1872, and by Yale in 
1888, and that of LL.D. by Wooster university 
in 1878, by Harvard in 1889, by the University of 
Toronto in 1894, by Yale in 1901, and by Johns 
Hopkins in 1902. He edited the Chicago Interior 
(1873-76), and is the author of : Inspiration of the 
Seriptures (1859); Summary of Christian Doc- 
trine (1874), and numerous articles and reviews. 






[166] 











state Republican league, 1890 and 1891. 


PATTON 


PATTON, Jacob Harris, teacher and author, 
was born in Fayette county, Pa., May 20, 1812; 
son of Thomas and Anna (Harris) Patton ; grand- 
son of Joseph and Sarah (Weir) Patton and of 
Jacob and Rebecca (Mofford) Harris. He was 
graduated at Jeffer- 
son college, Pa., A.B., 
18389, A.M., 1842; was 
a tutor in the Uni- 
versity of Nashville, 
Tenn., 1840-43, and 
at Union Theological 
seminary, New York 
city, 1843-46, and was 
graduated there in 
1846. He was princi- 
pal of a private clas- 
sical school in New 
York city, 1846-82, 
and was licensed to 
. preach by the pres- 
 bytery of New York 
in 1846, but chose the profession of teaching. 
He was married in 1854 to Caroline, daughter 
of Oliver Chear; she died in 1880. He received 
the degree of Ph.D. from Washington and Jef- 
ferson college in 1884. He devoted the latter 
part of his life to literary work, and is the 
author of: A Concise History of the American 
People (2 vols. 1860-1901); Yorktown Memorial 
1781-1881 (1881); Political Parties of the United 
States, their History and Influence (1884-1902); 
A Popular History of the Presbyterian Church in 
the United States (1901); The Natural Resources 
of the United States (1888-1894); Which Religion 
Satisfies the Wants of the Soul ? (1902), and con- 
tributions to periodicals. 

PATTON, John, senator, was born at Curwens- 
ville, Pa., Oct. 30, 1850; son of the Hon. John 
and Catherine (Ennis) Patton ; grandson of Lieut, 
John (U.S. navy) and Susan (Antes) Patton; 
and great-grandson of Col. John Patton of the 
16th colonial regiment of Pennsylvania in the 
war ofthe Revolution. His father was a represen- 
tative from Pennsylvania in the 87th and 50th 
congresses, 1861-63, and 1887-89. John Patton, 
Jr., was prepared for college at Phillips Andover 
academy ; and graduated from Yale, A.B., 
1875, and from Columbia, LL.B., 1877; and in 
1878 engaged in the practice of law at Grand 
Rapids, Mich. In 1884 he was a member of the 
Republican state central committee, and gained 
prominence as an orator in national and state 
campaigns. He was president of the Michigan 
He was 
married, Oct. 1, 1885, to Frances S.. daughter of 
the Hon. Wilder D., and Fanny L. Foster. On 
the death of Senator Francis B. Stockbridge, he 
Was appointed his successor by Governor John 





PATTON 


T. Rich, May 5, 1894, and served until the meet- 
ing of the legislature in January, 1895, when 
Julius C, Burrows was elected to fill out the 
unexpired term. 

PATTON, John Mercer, representative, was 
born in Virgina in 1796. He graduated from 
the University’ of Pennsylvania, M.D., 1818; 
studied law, was admitted to the bar, and 
practiced in Fredericksburg, Va. He was married 
to P. French Williams, daughter of Isaac H. 
and Lucy (Slaughter) Williams, and grand- 
daughter of John Williams, and of Capt. Philip 
Slaughter. He was elected a representative in 
the 21st congress in 1850 to fill the vacancy 
caused by the resignation of John Taliaferro, 
and was also a representative in the 22d, 23d, 
24th and 25th congresses, 1831-39. He removed 
to Richmond, Va., and resumed his law practice, 
and was judge of the court of appeals at the time 
of his death, in Richmond, Va.. Oct. 29, 1858. 

PATTON, Robert Miller, governor of Ala- 
bama, was born in Monroe county, Va., July 10, 
1809 ; son of William and Martha (Hays) Patton. 
William Patton, a native of Ireland, immigrated 
to Virginia in early manhood, and in 1818 re- 
moved with his wife and chil- 
dren to Huntsville, Ala., be- 
coming one of the founders 
of one of the first cotton mills 
in the state. Robert was ed- 
ucated in the public schools 
and at an early age entered 
commercial life, removing in 
1829 to Florence, Ala., where he became a mer- 
chant. He was elected a representative in the 
state legislature in 1834, and in the special legisla- 
ture, 1837, called for the relief of those affected by 
the financial panic of that year, and served almost 
continuously in the legislature until 1861, being 
president of the senate in that year. He wasa 
delegate to the Democratic national convention 
at Charleston, 8.C., in 1860, and to the state con- 
vention that passed the ordinance of secession, 
where he opposed the movement, but afterward 
devoted himself wholly to the southern cause. 
He spent his own fortune in aiding it, and asa 
commissioner of the Confederate government, 
raised several million dollars to keep the armies 
in the field. He was a member of the Alabama 
constitutional convention of 1865, and was elected 
governor of the state, serving from December, 
1865, to July, 1868, when he was displaced through 
the reconstruction measures of congress. He 
obtained the capital for building the railroad to 
connect Chattanooga, Mobile, Ala., and New 
Orleans, La., and was president of the road from 
Chattanooga to Meridian. He was a trustee of 
the Missouri State university ; the State Normal 
college of Alabama, and the Synodical Female 





[167] 


PATTON 


college at Florence, Ala. He was married Jan. 
23, 1832, to Jane, daughter of Gen. John and Mary 
(Brahan) Locke, of Huntsville, Ala. Three sons 
served in the Confederate army, two of whom 
were killed. Governor Patton died at Sweet- 
water, near Florence, Ala., Feb. 29, 1885. 
PATTON, William, author, was born in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., Aug. 23, 1798; son of Col. Robert 
and Cornelia (Bridges) Patton and a descendant of 
Robert Patton of Scoteh Irish descent, who came 
to America in 1762 and served as an officer in the 
Revolution. William Patton was graduated from 
Middlebury college, Vt., in 1818, and wasa student 
at Princeton Theological seminary, 1819-20. He 
was married in 1819 to Mary, daughter of Zachariah 
and Mary (Fisk) Weston of Lincoln. He was stated 
supply and pastor of the Central Presbyterian 
church, New York city, 1821-34; secretary of the 
American Educational society, 1834-37 ; and was 
pastor in New York city, 1837-52. He removed to 
New Haven, Conn.,in 1854. He was one of the 
organizers of the World’s Evangelical Alliance in 














UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 


1846 ; and was a founder of the University of the 
City of New York in 1831, and of Union The- 
ological seminary, New York, in 18386. He was a 
member of the executive committee of the Amer- 
ican Home Missionary society, 1830-70; vice 
president of that society, and of the American 
Missionary association, and a corporate member 
of the A.B.C.F.M. He was married secondly to 
Mrs. Mary Bird of Philadelphia, and thirdly to 
Mrs. Emily T. Hayes of New Haven. The hon- 
orary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by 
the University of the City of New York in 1836. 
He edited President Jonathan Edwards’s work on 
Revivals, and Charles G. Finney’s Lectures on 
Revivals (1889); prepared the American editions 
of the Cottage Bible, and theVillage Testament 
(1833), and was assistant editor of the Christian 
Psalmist (1836). He is the author of : The Laws 
of Fermentation and the Wines of the Ancients 
(1871); The Judgment of Jerusalem, Predicted in 
Scripture, Fulfilled in History (1879); Jesus of 
Nazareth (1878) ; Bible Principles and Characters 
(1879). He died in New Haven, Conn., Sept. 9, 1879. 


PAUL 


PATTON, William Weston, educator. was born 


in New York city, Oct. 19, 1821; son of William 
and Mary (Weston) Patton. He was graduated 
from the University of the City of New York, 
A.B., 1839, A.M., 1842, and from the Union Theo- 


logical seminary, 1842, and was ordained in 1843, | 


He was pastor of the Phillips Congregational 
church, Boston, Mass., 1848-46; at Hartford, 
Conn., 1846-57, and at Chicago, Ill., 1857-67; 
editor of Advance, Chicago, Ill., 1867-72; west- 


ern secretary of the American Missionary asso- — 


ciation, 1873-74 ; lecturer at Oberlin and Chicago 
theological seminaries, 1874-77, and president of 


Howard university, Washington, D.C., 1877-89, | 


He was married Jan. 11, 1848, to Sarah Jane, 
daughter of Horatio and Maria (Pettit) Mott of 
New York, who died in 1850; and secondly, in 


1851, to Mary Boardman, daughter of Norman 


Smith. She died in 1880. He was a corporate 
member of the A.B.C.F.M., 1869-89 ; a member 
of the Society of the Cincinnati; vice-president 
of the Sanitary Commission of the Northwest, 
and an honorary member of the Society of 
Sciences, Literature and Art, London, England. 


The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on | 
him by Indiana Asbury university in 1862, 


and by the University of the City of New York 
in 1882. 
Christians to Suppress Duelling (1844); The Amer- 


ican Board and Slave Holding (1846); Pro-Slav-_ 


ery Interpretation of the Bible Productive of 
Infidelity (1846); The Young Man's Friend (1847); 
Conscience and Law (1850); Piety and Military 
Services (1861); Spiritual Victory (1874) ; Prayer 
and Its Remarkable Answers (1875); Count Tolstoi 
and the Sermon on the Mount (1887). 
Westfield, N.J., Dec. 31, 1889. 
PAUL, Gabriel Rene, soldier, was born in St. 
Louis, Mo., March 22, 1813; son of Col. René and 
Eulalie (Chouteau) Paul, and grandson of Eus- 
tache and Marie Anne Scholastique (Masse) Paul, 
and of Auguste and Marie Therese (Cerre) Chou- 
teau. 
at Cape Frangais, Santo Domingo, and Col. René 
Paul was colonel of engineers under Napoleon, 


serving on the French flag ship at Trafalgar. He — 


immigrated to Philadelphia, Pa., engaged in mer- 


cantile pursuits in St. Louis, Mo., 1808-13, and was — 
afterwardasurveyor of government lands. Gabriel — 


was graduated at the U.S. Military academy and 
brevetted 2d lieutenant in the 7th infantry, July 
1, 1884; was promoted 2d lieutenant, Dec. 4, 
1834, and Ist lieutenant, Oct. 26, 1886. He served 
in the Florida war, 1889-42; was promoted 
captain, April 19, 1846, and served in the war 
with Mexico, being engaged in the defence 
of Fort Brown, the battle of Monterey, the siege 
of Vera Cruz, battles of Cerro Gordo (where he 
was wounded), Contreras, Churubusco, Molino 


[168] 


He is the author of: The Duties of © 


af 
ee 


He died ab 


Eustache Paul, a native of France, settled 


—— 











PAUL 


del Rey, and the storming of Chapultepec, where 
he was brevetted major for gallant and merit- 
orious conduct. He served on the Rio Grande 
expedition, where he captured Caravajal and his 
gang of desperadoes in April, 1832, was in garrison, 
and in Texas and Missouri, 1852-58. He particip- 
ated in the Utah expeditions of 1858-60, captur- 
ing a band of hostile Indians on Spanish Fork, 
was promoted major and transferred to the 8th 
infantry, April 22, 1861; was acting inspector- 
general of the department of New Mexico, July to 
December, 1861; was appointed colonel, 4th New 
Mexico volunteers, Dec. 9, 1861 ; and commanded 
Fort Union and the Southern military district of 
New Mexico respectively.1862, participating in the 
skirmish at Peralta,New Mexico, April 15,1862. He 
was promoted lieutenant-colonel, April 25, 1862 ; 
served as brigadier-general of volunteers, Sept. 5, 
1862. to March 22, 1863, and in the Rappahannock 
campaign with the Army of the Potomac, being 
engaged in the battles of Fredericksburg and 
Chancellorsville. He was appointed brigadier- 
general of volunteers, April 18, 1863 ; was severely 
wounded at Gettysburg bya rifle ball, which 
deprived him of the sight of both eyes, and was 
promoted colonel and transferred to the 14th 
infantry, Sept. 14, 1863. He was retired from 
active service Feb. 16, 1865, was deputy 
governor of the Soldiers’ Home, near Washing- 
ton, D.C., February to June, 1865, and conducted 
the Military asylum at Harrodsburg, Ky., from 
June, 1865, to December, 1866. He was brevetted 
brigadier-general U.S. A., Feb. 23, 1865, for gallant 
and meritorious services at Gettysburg and was 
mustered out of the volunteer service, Sept. 1, 
1866. In recognition of his services in Mexico 
the citizens of St. Louis, Mo., presented him with 
a sword in November, 1863; the 29th New Jersey 
volunteers gave him a jeweled sword for his 
services in the battle of Gettysburg; and on Dec. 
10, 1886, a monument was erected over his grave 
in the cemetery at Arlington, Va., by his com- 
rades of the Grand Army. He was married March 
24, 1835, to Mary Anne, daughter of Col. William 
Whistler, U.S.A.,and secondly to Louise, daugh- 
ter of John and Elizabeth (Neland) Doxon, and 
widow of Alfred H. Rogers of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
He died in Washirgton, D.C., May 5, 1886. 
PAUL, Henry Martyn, astronomer and civil 
engineer, was born in Dedham, Mass., June 25, 
1851 ; son of Ebenezer and Susan (Dresser) Paul; 
grandson of Samuel and Martha (Crane) Paul, 
and of David and Hannah (Farnsworth) Dresser, 
and a descendant of Richard and Margery (Tur- 
ner) Paul. Richard Paul emigrated from Eng- 
land to Boston, Mass., in 1635; was a soldier in 
the fort in Boston, in 1636, and one of the original 
proprietors of Cohannet (now Taunton), Mass., 
in 1637. Henry Martyn Paul was graduated at 


PAUL 


Dartmouth A.B., 1873, A.M., 1878, and at the 
Thayer School of Civil Engineering in 1875, He 
was principal assistant to Professor Quimby in 
the triangulation of New Hampshire, 1872-75: 
assistant astronomer in the naval observatory at 
Washington, D.C., 1875-80; observed the transit 


ae, Milt iz 44 





UNITED STATES NAVAL, OBSERVATORY, WASHINGTON, D.C 


of Mercury at Dartmouth college in May, 1878, 
aud the total solar eclipse at West LasAnimas, 
Col., in the following July. He was married Aug. 
27, 1878, to Augusta Anna, daughter of the Rev. 
Dr. Edgar Harkness and Mary Jane (Rice) Gray, 
of Washington, D.C. He was professor of astron- 
omy in the Imperial university, Tokyo,. Japan, 
1880-83 ; assistant astronomer at the U.S. Naval 
observatory, Washington, 1883-97, and in 1897 
was made professor of mathematics in the navy. 
He became a fellow in the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science; one of the 
council of the Philosophical Society of Washing- 
ton; a member of the Washington Academy of 
Sciences, and of the Cosmos club, and president 
of the Choral Society of Washington, 1896-98. 
He made researches in the phenomena of variable 
stars, and is the author of astronomical papers, 
published as appendices to the volumes of the 
Washington Observations. After 1899 he was in 
the bureau of yards and docks, navy department. 

PAUL, John. See Webb, Charles Henry. 

PAUL, John, jurist, was born in Rockingham 
county, Va., June 30, 1839; son of Peter and 
Maria (Whitmore) Paul; grandson of Nicholas 
Paul, who came to America early in the eight- 
eenth century, and a descendant of a Huguenot 
family who removed from France to Holland. 
He attended Roanoke college, Salem, Va., and 
upon the breaking out of the civil war enlisted 
in the Confederate army as a lieutenant in the 
1st Virginia cavalry. He was graduated from 
the law department of the University of Virginia 
in 1867; was attorney for the commonwealth of 
Virginia, 1870-77 ; a member of the state senate, 
1877-81 ; a Democratic representative in the 47th 
congress, 1881-88; and judge of the U.S. court 
for the western district of Virginia, 1883-1901. 
He married, Nov. 19, 1874, Katharine Seymour, 
daughter of Charles Green, of Warren county, 
Va. He died at Harrisonburg, Va., Nov. 1, 1901. 


[169] 


PAULDING 


PAULDING, Hiram, naval officer, was born 
near Peekskill, Westchester county, N.Y., Dec. 
11, 1797; son of John Paulding. He attended 
the public schools until 1811, when he was com- 
missioned a midshipman in the U.S. navy and 
began the study of mathematics and navigation. 
He was ordered to join Capt. Isaac Chauncey on 
Lake Ontario, in 1813, and was transferred to the 
President, the flagship of Commander Macdon- 
ough, in August, 1814. The American squadron 
being short of officers, he was commissioned 
acting lieutenant, and for his gallantry while in 
charge of the second heavy gun division on board 
the Ticonderoga, Lieut. Stephen Cassin, during 
the battle of Lake Champlain, was highly com- 
plimented, and received a vote of thanks from 
congress. After the close of the war he joined 
the squadron of Commodore Decatur and served 
with distinction during the Algerian difficulty. He 
was promoted leutenant, April 27, 1816; served on 
the Independence and the brig Prometheus, 1816- 
17, and cruised on the Macedonian, of the Pacific 
squadron, 1817-20. On his return to the United 
States he procured a leave of absence, and attended 
the American Literary, Scientific and Military 
academy, Norwich, Vt., where he was graduated 
in 1823. He joined Commodore Porter's squadron 
as first lieutenant on the Sea Gull, in 1823, was 
ordered to the frigate United States in 1824, and 
cruised in the Pacific ocean on board the Dolphin, 
1824-28. He was on the frigate Constitution, 
1828-30, and commanded the schooner Shark, 
1834-837. In 1837 he was promoted commodore, 
and was assigned to the command of the sloop of 
war Levant, Feb. 9, 1837, cruising in the West 
Indies, 1887-41. He was executive officer of the 
U.S. navy yard at Brooklyn, N.Y., 1841-44; was 
promoted captain in 1844, and cruised on the 
Vincennes in the East Indies, 1844-47. Hewas in 
command of the East Indian station, 1847-48 ; 
was transferred to the frigate St. Lawrence, and 
cruised in the Baltic, North and Mediterranean 
seas, 1848-51. He took charge of the U.S. navy 
yard at Wash- 
ington, D.C., in 
1852, and com- 
manded the 
home squadron, 
1854-57. While 
in South Ameri- 
eee CAN «waters in 
2==~~ command of the 
Se |) r 
eee PT CF "frigate Wabash, 
May 1, 1857, he 
came into port at the mouth of the San Juan 
river, Nicaragua, where William Walker (q.v.), 
having captured the town with 200 men a short 
time before, had established his camp. Commo- 
dore Paulding demanded the surrender of Walker, 





PAULDING 


and backed up his demand by landing 350 armed 
men, and by bringing the guns of the Wabash to 
bear on the camp. Walker surrendered and was 
paroled, but on reaching Washington, D.C., was 
not acknowledged by the U.S. government as a 
prisoner. His action was pronounced by President 
Buchanan in a message to congress, a grave error, 
which, if unrebuked, might give serious trouble 
to the government. Paulding was also warned not 
to exceed his instructions or legal authority in the 
future. Paulding’s action began the subject of 
congressional investigation, and the committee 
of foreign affairs in the house reported against 
the legality of Walker’s arrest, which called out an 
extended debate in both houses of congress and be- 
came a sectional issue. Paulding was presented 
with a sword and a large tract of land as a re- 
ward for his services, by the President of Nicar- 
agua, but was not allowed by the U.S. govern- 
ment to receive the land. He was appointed in 
September, 1861, by President Lincoln, to serve 
on the board to examine plans of iron-clad vessels. 
He was ordered to take command of the U.S. 
navy yard at Norfolk, Va., and set out on the 
Pawnee with 600 men. Upon his arrival he 
found that he could not hold the yard against the 


Confederates, and after transferring the arms — 


and munitions from the Pennsylvania and other 
vessels stationed there, he scuttled the ships and 
taking the Cumberland in tow, he set fire to the 
yard and went to Hampton Roads. He was 
relieved by law, Dec. 21, 1861, being over sixty- 
two years old, and in July, 1862, was one of the 
ten retired officers to receive the newly created 
grade of rear-admiral. 
naval asylum at Philadelphia, Pa., 1866-69, and 
port admiral of Boston, Mass., 1869-74. He is 
the author of : The Cruise of the Dolphin (1881). 
He died at Huntington, N.Y., Oct. 20, 1878. 
PAULDING, James Kirke, cabinet officer and 
author, was born in Great Nine Partners, N.Y., 
Aug. 22, son of William and Catharine 
(Ogden) Paulding, and a descendant of Joseph 


BRO. 
dices 


Paulding, who settled in New Amsterdam before | 


1640, William Paulding was a wealthy ship- 
owner and storekeeper at Tarrytown-on-the- 
Hudson, and at the outbreak of the Revolutionary 
war gave his entire fortune to the patriot 
cause and was himself appointed state commissary 
to the Continental forces. After 


He was governor of the — 


the war hee | 


returned to Tarrytown, where he lived in actual — 


want. James received but little schooling, and 


York city. 
city and became intimate with such men as 


Gouverneur Kemble, Henry Brevoort, Jr., and — 


Washington Irving. He joined the Calliopean 


society, one of the foremost literary institutions 


in New York. He began his literary career by 


[170] 


in 1797 obtained employment in an office in New | 
He entered the best society of the 














- 











PAULDING 


contributions to the Morning Chronicle. He was 
associated with Washington Irving in the publi- 
eation of the humorous fortnightly periodical 
known as Salmagundi, or the Whim-whams and 
Opinions of Launcelot Longsta ff, Esq., and Others, 
Jan. 24, 1807. The paper was discontinued Jan. 
25, 1808, after twenty numbers had been issued. 
He was appointed secretary of the newly-created 
board of naval commissioners at Washington, 
D.C., in April, 1815, and served until 1823, when 
he returned to New York city to accept the ap- 
pointmentof navy agent of the port of New York. 
He was married in 1818 to Gertrude, sister of 
Gouverneur Kemble. He was appointed secretary 


















































THE OLD NAVY DEP’T. BUILDING WASHINGTON D.C 
of the navy in Martin Van Buren’s cabinet, in 
1838, and ended his public career March 4, 1841, 
retiring to his country home at Hyde Park-on- 
the-Hudson, where he devoted himself to litera- 
ture and the care of his estate. He began a 
second edition of Salmagundi in 1819, which also 
failed. He is the author of: The Diverting His- 
tory of John Bull and Brother Jonathan (1812); 
The Lay of the Scotch Fiddle: a Tale of Havre de 
Grace (1813); The United States and England, a 
defence against articles in the Quarterly Review 
(1814); Letters from the South by a Northern 
Man (1817); The Backwoodsman (1818) ; A Sketch 
of Old England by a New England Man (1822); 
Koningsmarke, or the Long Finne (a satirical 
novel in which the lines ‘‘ Peter Piper picked a 


‘peck of pickled peppers” occur (1823); John Bull 


in America, or the New Munchausen (1824); The 
Merry Tales of the Three Wise Men of Gotham 
(1826); New Mirror for Travellers (1828); Tales of 
the Good Woman (1829); Chronicles of the City of 
Gotham (1830); The Dutchman’s Fireside, a novel 
(1831); The Lion of the West (a drama produced 
1831); Westward Ho ! (1832); Lifeof Washington 
(1835); Slavery in the United States, in which he 
defended the institution on social, economical 
and physiological grounds(1836); The Book of St. 
Nicholas (1837); A Gift from Fairy Land (1838); 
The Old Continental (1846); American Comedies 
(1847), and The Puritan and His Daughter (1849). 
See life and works by William Irving Paulding 
(1867). He died in Hyde Park, N.Y., April 6, 1860. 


PAULDING 


PAULDING, John, patriot, was born in New 
York, probably in Westchester county, in 1758. He 
was brought up ona farm, and while ascout in the 
American army under General Arnold, operating 
in the highlands of the Hudson river, was taken 
prisoner by the British. He was confined in the 
old sugar house on Duane street, New York city, 
whence he escaped. In order to prevent re-cap- 
ture he exchanged his farmer’s garb for a British 
uniform, and upon reaching the Harlem river 
swam the stream and crossed the Hudson river 
in a canoe from Spuyten Duyvil to the west 
bank. He then journeyed on foot to Stony 
Point, and there was rowed by friends across the 
river to Verplank’s Point. On his way home he 
met Isaac Van Wort and David Williams near 
the present village of Tarrytown, and the three 
joined in a game of cards. While thus engaged 
ahorseman in civilian’s clothes paused at a 
stream by the wayside to enable his horse to 
drink, Paulding, whose experience in the army 
and in prison made him the most alert of the 
party, approached the stranger and asked him to 
which party he belonged. The horseman, notic- 
ing Paulding’s uniform and supposing that he was 
speaking with a friend, replied ‘‘To your party.” 
‘“*How do you know which party I belong to?” 
asked Paulding. ‘‘I can tell by your dress,” said 
the horseman. ‘‘I suppose, then, that you be- 
long to the lower party.” ‘‘ Yes,” replied the 
horseman, ‘‘ 1am a British officer out on particu- 
lar business and do not wish to be detained.” 
Paulding ordered him to dismount, and the pris- 
oner, who afterward proved to be Maj. John 
André, produced Arnold’s pass for John Ander- 
son, saying, ‘‘ By detaining me you will hinder 
the general’s business.”” This proceeding, taken 
in connection with his first assurance that he 
was a British officer, aroused Paulding’s suspi- 
cions, and he searched his prisoner, but found 
nothing to identify him. This led André to de- 
clare that he carried no letters, which Paulding 
disbelieving, they thereupon pulled off his boots 
and found three parcels under each stocking, all 
of which subsequently proved to be in Arnold’s 
handwriting. Williams then proposed to bar- 
gain for his release, and asked if he would give 
his horse and equipments, his watch and 100 
guineas if they would let him go. André not 
only agreed to this, but proposed any larger sum 
of money his captors might name. Paulding 
then interfered, exclaiming: ‘‘ No, by God, if 
you would give us 10,000 guineas you should not 
stir a step;” and the three men took André to 
the post at North Castle, delivered him to the 
lieutenant-colonel in command, and went away 
claiming no reward, and not even leaving their 
names. Washington, however, sought them out 
and presented each with a silver medal, bearing 


171] 


PAXSON 


on one side the word ‘‘ Fidelity,” and on the 
other ‘‘ Vincit armor patria.” He also ordered 
an annuity of $200 to each, and the government 
further rewarded each of the three men (neither 
of whom was in active army service at the time) 
with a farm of 200 acres, Paulding’s farm being 
two miles from Peekskill, N.Y. He was twice 
married, his children by both marriages number- 
ing twenty-one. Samuel D. Paulding was the 
last survivor of the children, and died in New 
York city, June 8, 1898. A monument to the 
three captors of André was erected on upper 
Broadway, Tarrytown, at the point where the 
famous meeting occurred. John Paulding, the 
patriot, died in Peekskill, N.Y., April 30, 1818. 

PAXSON, Edward M., jurist, was born in 
Buckingham, Bucks county, Pa., Sept. 8, 1824; 
son of Thomas and Ann (Johnson) Paxson; 
grandson of Jacob and Mary (Shaw) Paxson, and 
a descendant of James Paxson, who emigrated 
from the parish of Marsh Gibbon, Bucks county, 
England, and settled in Middletown, Bucks 
county, Pa., in 1682, and maternally of William 
Johnson, a native of Ireland, who settled in New 
Jersey before the Revolution and subsequently 
was professor in a South Carolina college. He 
attended the Friends schools, learned the trade 
of printer, and in 1843 became editor of the Newton 
Journal, which he established. He founded and 
was editor of the Philadelphia Daily News, 1847, 
and after conducting it one year sold it and stud- 
ied law. He was admitted to the bar of Bucks 
county, Pa., April 24, 1850, and practised in Phil- 
adelphia. He was judge of the court of common 
pleas of Philadelphia, 1869-74; judge of the su- 
preme court of the state, 1874-95, and chief jus- 
tice of the supreme court, 1889-93. He resigned 
his seat on the bench Feb. 20, 1893, to accept the 
appointment as one of the receivers of the Phila- 
delphia and Reading railroad company by order 
of Judge George M. Dallas. He completed 
his task as receiver April 20, 1897, when he re- 
signed. He gave to the committee of the Bucks 
County Friends Quarterly Meeting on March 8, 
1901, deeds for a large and handsome building 
erected by him in Newton as a memorial to his 
parents as a home for aged and infirm members 
of the Society of Friends of his native county. In 
1902 he erected an infirmary for the ‘‘ Home for 
Aged and Infirm Colored Persons” in Phila- 
delphia, the building being opened early in Jan- 
uary, 1903. He was married, April 30, 1846, to 
Mary C., daughter of Nathaniel Newin of Dela- 
ware county, and after her death, June 7, 1885, 
secondly, December 1, 1886, to Mary Martha S., 
widow of Samuel A. Bridges of Allentown, Pa., 
representative in the 45th congress. He is the 
author of: Brown's Collection Laws and Me- 
moirs of the Johnson Family. 


PAXTON 


PAXTON, Elisha Franklin, soldier, was born 4 
in Rockbridge county, Va., March 4, 1828; son of 
Elisha and Margaret (McNutt) Paxton; grand- — 





son of William and Ellen (Hay) Paxton, and a ; 


descendant of the Paxton family who immigrated _ 
to America from the north of Ireland with the 
Houstons and others in 1730 and settled in Penn- | 
sylvania. He was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1847; 

attended the Virginia Military institute at Lex-— 
ington, Va., but was not graduated, and was 
president of a bank in Lynchburg, Va. He en- 4 
tered the Confederate army as colonel of a Vir- — 
ginia regiment ; was promoted brigadier-general, _ 
and commanded the 1st brigade, Jackson’s divis- 
ion, at Fredericksburg, and his brigade in Trim- 


. AA we eS ee Oe eee 


ble’s division, commanded by Gen. R. E. Colston 


at the battle of Chancellorsville, where he fell, — 
May 3, 1863. He was married to Lizzie White. 
He died on the battlefield near Chancellor's — 
House, May 38, 1863. 

PAXTON, William Miller, educator, was born 
at Maria Furnace, Adams county, Pa., June 7, 


1824; son of James Dunlop and Jane Maria (Mil- 


ler) Paxton ; grandson of William Paxton and of 
William Miller, and great-grandson of John 
Paxton of the Revolutionary army and pastor of 
Lower Marsh Creek, Adams county, Pa. Another 
great-grandfather, James Dunlop, was an officer 
in the Revolutionary army, and subsequently 
member of the Pennsylvania legislature for 
twenty-seven years. 
Millerstown, now Fairfield, and at Gettysburg, 
William M. Paxton was graduated from Penn- 
sylvania college, Gettysburg, Pa., in 1843; stud- 
ied law for two years, but decided to enter the — 


ministry, and was graduated from the Princeton | 


Theological seminary in 1848. He was ordained 
by the presbytery of Carlisle, Oct. 4, 1848,” 
was pastor at Greencastle, Pa., 1848-50, and be- | 
came pastor of the First church, Pittsburg, Pa | 
in 1851. He was married, first, in July, 1852, to’ 
Hester V. B., daughter of Colonel Wickes of 
Chestertown, Md., and, secondly, Nov. 8, 1855, to. 
Caroline Sophia Denny of Pittsburg, Pa.; was — 
professor of sacred rhetoric at the Western Tha 
logical seminary, Allegheny, Pa., 1860-67, and — 
pastor of the First Presbyterian church, New | 
York city, 1866-83. He was instructor in sacre M 
rhetoric at Union Theological seminary, Xow ) 
York, 1872-75 ; became a member of the board o 
foreign missions in 1866, and served as its es . 
dent, 1881-83 ; wasa member of the Presbyteria 
Board of Home Missions, 1866-80, and president 
1876-78. He was chosen professor of ecclesiastical 
homiletical and pastoral theology at the Prince- _ 
ton Theological seminary in 1883, and became © 
president of the faculty in 1900. The honorary | 
degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Jefferson | 


1 


college in 1860 and that of LL.D. by the same in- © { 
[172] 


7 


| 


After attending school at 


| 


| 


SS a ee 





: 








PAYNE 


stitution in 1883. He was moderator of the gen- 
eral assembly of the Presbyterian church of the 
United States which met in Madison, Wis., in 
1880 ; a director of Western Theological seminary, 
1851-65 ; was elected trustee of the College of 
New Jersey in 1867; trustee of Jefferson col- 
lege, 1853-60 ; served as trustee of Leake and 
Watts Orphan asylum, New York, 1866-83, and as 
a trustee of the Sailors’ Snug Harbor, New York, 
1866-83. He isthe author of: Memorial of the 
Rev. Francis Herron, D.D. 

PAYNE, Charles Henry, clergyman and edu- 
eator, was born in Taunton, Mass., Oct. 24, 1880. 
He was graduated at Wesleyan university, Con- 
necticut, in 1856 ; wasa private tutor in Newark, 
N.J., 1856; studied at the Biblical institute, Con- 
cord, N.H., and joined the Providence confer- 
ence of the Methodist Episcopal church in 1857, 
He was married March 24, 1857,to Mary Eleanor 
Gardiner, of Wickford, R.I.; was pastor in 
Sandwich, East Bridgewater, and Fall River, 
Mass., in Providence, R.I., Brooklyn, N.Y., Phila- 


delphia, Pa., and in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1857-76. 


He erected St. John’s church, Brooklyn, N.Y., at 
a cost of $200,000, and the Arch Street church, 
Philadelphia, at a cost of $260,000. He was presi- 
dent of Ohio Wesleyan university, Delaware, 
Ohio, 1876-88, succeeding Dr. Frederick Merrick, 
and was corresponding secretary of the board of 
education of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
1888-99. He was a member of the committee to 
revise the hymn-book of his denomination in 1876, 
a delegate to the General conferences of 1880, 
1884, 1888, 1892 and 1896, and to the Ecumenical 
conference in London in 1881. He traveled ex- 
tensively in Europe, Egypt, Greece, Syria and 
the Holy Land. He received the degrees D.D. 
from Dickinson college in 1870, and LL.D. from 
Ohio State university in 1875, and is the author of : 
The Social Glass and Christian Obligation (1868) ; 
Daniel the Uncompromising Young Man (1872); 
Methodism, its History and Results (1881) ; 
Women and their Work in Methodism (1881) ; 
Temperance (1881); Education (1881); and Guides 
in Character Building (1883). He died at Clifton 


_ Springs, N.Y., May 5, 1899. 


PAYNE, Daniel Alexander, A.M.E. bishop, 
was born in Charleston, S.C., Feb. 24, 1811; son 
of Loudon (a soldier in the war of 1812) and 
Martha Payne, and of mixed African, English 
and Indian blood. He attended the Lutheran 
Theological seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., 1835-38, 
and was ordained to the Lutheran ministry in 
1838. He filled the pulpit of a Presbyterian 
ehureh in Troy, N.Y.; conducted a high school 
for colored boys and girls in Philadelphia. Pa., 


_ 1838-43; became an itinerant minister of the 


African Methodist Episcopal church in May, 1842, 
and was stationed at Washington, D.C., and in 


PAYNE 


Baltimore, Md., 1843-52. He was appointed his- 
toriographer of his denomination in 1848, and 
was elected bishop by the general conference in 
New York in 1852. He founded and was presi- 
dent of Wilberforce university at Xenia, Ohio, 
1865-76 ; traveled in Europe, 1867-68, and attended 
the Methodist Ecumenical conference in London 
in 1881, where he was presiding officer one day. 
He was chancellor of Wilberforce university and 
dean of the Theological seminary. He received 
the degree LL.D. from Lincoln university in 1879. 
He is the author of: History of the African 
Methodist Episcopal Church (3 vols., 1865) ; Re- 
collection of Men and Things and Domestic Educa- 
tion (1886). He died at Xenia, Ohio, Nov. 29, 1893. 

PAYNE, Elisha, jurist, was born in Canter- 
bury, Conn., in February, 1731; son of the Rev. 
Elisha and Mary (Johnson) Payne ; grandson of 
Elisha and Rebecca (Doane) Payne, of Eastham, 
Mass., who removed to Canterbury, Conn., about 
1700 ; and a descendant of Thomas (1586-1650) and 
Elizabeth (Tuthill) Payne, who came with six 
children from Wrentown, Suffolk, England, be- 
fore August, 1637, to Salem, Mass. The Rey. 
Elisha Payne, Sr., said to have been the most 
talented lawyer in Connecticut, abandoned the 
practice of law in 1742 to become a preacher, 
and was twice arrested and thrown into prison 
for preaching the Gospel and advocating reli- 
gious freedom in New England. Im 1752 he 
became minister at Bridgehampton, near South- 
old, L.I., N.Y., where many of his relatives had 
settled in 1651-52. Elisha Payne, Jr., was edu- 
cated and prepared for the law under the super- 
vision of his father, and practised in Canterbury 
and Plainfield, Conn. He represented Plainfield 
in the state legislature, and was one of the five 
original settlers of Cardigan (now Orange), N.H. 
He served as an officer in the French and Indian 
war, gaining the rank of colonel; was deputy 
surveyor-general of the King’s woods to preserve 
the pine trees, and was commissioned lieutenant- 
colonel of militia in August, 1775. He was chosen 
an assistant justice of the court of common pleas 
and register of probate for Grafton county in 
1776; represented Cardigan, N.H., in the Ver- 
mont legislature during the ‘‘ East Union” in 
1778 ; removed to Lebanon in 1780; was a leading 
member of the Clrarleston convention of 1781 
which determined the boundary between Ver- 
mont and New Hampshire, and was elected by 
the legislature leutenant-governor of Vermont, 
chief justice of the supreme court and major- 
general of militia in the same year. When this 
last ‘‘ Union” was dissolved he became a citizen 
of New Hampshire, serving in the state house of 
representatives, 1784-85, 1790, 1793, 1796, 1797 and 
1800, and in the senate, 1786-87. He was married 
in 17538 to Anna Waldo, of Connecticut, and 


[173] 


PAYNE 


secondly to Elizabeth Spaulding, of Plainfield, 
Conn, Their son Elisha, Jr. (1763-1808), Dart- 
mouth, 1784, practised law in Lebanon, and 
married Lydia Collins, of Mansfield, N.H. Elisha 
Payne, the elder, received the honorary degree 
A.M. from Dartmouth in 1779. He died in Leba- 
non, N.H., July 20. 1807. 

PAYNE, Henry B., senator, was born in Ham- 
ilton, Madison. county, N.Y., Nov. 30, 1810; son 
of Judge Elisha and Esther (Douglass) Payne. 
He was graduated at Hamilton, college, A.B. 1882, 
and practised law in Cleveland, Ohio, 1834-46, 
He was a presidential elector on the Cass and 
Butler ticket in 1848 ; a Democratic state senator, 
1849-51; was defeated for the U.S. senate by 
Benjamin F. Wade, after an exciting canvass in 
1851, and for governor of Ohio by Salmon P. 
Chase in 1857, by 1,508 votes. He was a delegate 
to the Democratic national conventions of 1856, 
1860 and 1872, and chairman of the Ohio delega- 
tion at the last named. He was a Democratic 
representative from the twentieth Ohio district 
in the 44th congress, 1875-77, being chairman of 
the committee on banking and currency, and re- 
ported a bill for the gradual resumption of specie 
payment. He was also chairman of the con- 
ference committee on the silver bill; of the com- 
mittee on the electoral bill; of the conference 
committee on the counting of the electoral votes 
for president and vice-president, and a member 
of the electoral commission. He was a candidate 
for the Democratic presidential nomination in 
1880 and 1884, and succeeded George H. Pendle- 
tonas U.S. senator, serving, 1885-91. Subsequently 
he was connected with railroad corporations, was 
a heavy investor in Lake Superior mining stocks, 
and at his death his estate was estimated at over 
$5,000,000. He was married to a daughter of 
Nathan Perry, a pioneer merchant of Ohio; his 
son, Nathan Perry Payne, was mayor of Cleve- 
land, and another son, Oliver H. Payne, was 
colonel of the 124th Ohio volunteers during the 
civil war, and afterwards treasurer of the Stan- 
dard Oilcompany. Senator Payne died in Cleve- 
land, Ohio, Sept. 9, 1896. 

PAYNE, Henry Clay, postmaster-general, was 
born in Ashfield, Mass., Nov. 28, 1843; son of 
Orion P. (1820-1886) and Eliza (Ames) (1826- 
1886) Payne, who settledin Stockton, N.Y., after 
1843; grandson of Samuel and Laura (Elmer) 
Payne; great-grandson of Joseph and Anna 
(Billings) Paine, who removed from Ashfield, 
Mass., to Allegany county, N.Y.; great?-grand- 
son of Joseph Ruggles (1735-1822), and Mehitable 
(Gittings) Paine, who removed from Braintree 
to Ashfield in 1767; great?-grandson of Samuel 
Paine, born 1689; great*-grandson of Stephen 
Paine, born 1652; and great®-grandson of Stephen 
Paine, who came to Massachusetts with his 


[174] 


PAYNE 



































father, Moses Paine, and lived in Braintree after 
1628. Joseph Ruggles Paine was a soldier in the 
American Revolution. Henry Clay Payne at-— 
tended Franklin academy, Shelburne Falls, Mass, ; 
was clerk in the post office there, and removed 
in 1863 to Milwaukee, Wis., where he was cashier 
in a dry goods store, 1863-67. He was mar- 
ried, Oct. 15, 1867, to. Lydia W., daughter of 
Richard Van Dyke, Jr., of New York city, whose 
ancestor, Franz Claessen Van Dyck settled on Man- 
hattan Island about the middle of the 17th cen- 
tury. They had no children. He was chairman 
of the Young Men’s Republican club; secretary 
and chairman of the Republican county com- 
mission ; secretary and chairman of the Republi- 
can state central committee; a member of the 
Republican national committee from 1880, and 
a delegate to the Republican national conven- 
tions of 1888 and 1892. He.was postmaster of 
Milwaukee, 1876-86 ; was elected president of the © 
Milwaukee electric railway and light company 
in 1889; was president of the American Street 
railway association, 1893-94, and receiver of North- 
ern Pacific railway, 1893-95. He was appointed 
U.S. postmaster-general by President Roosevelt, — 
Jan. 15, 1902, to succeed Charles Emory Smith, 
resigned. 

PAYNE, John, missionary bishop at Cape 
Palmas, Africa, and 52d in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born in Westmoreland 
county, Va., Jan. 9, 1815; a descendant of John 
Payne, who emigrated from England to the Vir 
ginia colony with his brother William in 1620, 
armed with chartered rights to appropriate land 
obtained through their brother, Sir Robert Payne, 
a member of the London Charter company. He 
was graduated at William and Mary college, 
Virginia, A.B., 1833, and at the Virginia Theolo- 


mas and parts adjacent, in Christ Church, Alexan- 
dria, Va., July 11, 1851, by Bishops Meade, East- 
burn, Lee and Johns. He returned to the United 


October, 1871. He received the degree D.D. from 
William and Mary college in 1851. He died at 











PAYNE 


America in 1622, and settled in Yarmouth, Mass., 
jn 1639. He was educated in Boston, Mass., and 
became an assistant instructor of elocution with 
his father. He succeeded his brother, William 
Osborn Payne, as a clerk in a counting house in 
New York city in 
1804, and there clan- 
destinely edited the 
Thespian Mirror, 
1805-06. He attend- 
ed Union college at 
Schenectady, N. Y., 
1806-08, where he ed- 
ited and published a 
college paper called 
the Pastime. After 
his mother’s death in 
1807, he gained the 
consent of his father, 
who had lost all his 
property, to his ap- 
pearance upon the 
stage, this having been his ambition from child- 
hood. He made his début as Young Norval at the 
Park theatre, New York, Feb. 24, 1809, and subse- 
quently appeared in Boston, Providence, Balti- 
more and Philadelphia, as Zaphna in ‘* Mahomet,” 
Octavian in ‘‘ The Mountaineers,” Salem in ‘* Bar- 
barossa,” Tancred in ‘‘ Sigismonda,” and Romeo 
in ‘Romeo and Juliet.” He traveled through 
the south and north and was everywhere greeted 
as the juvenile wonder. He appeared in New 
York, March 1, 1811, playing Edgar to George 
F. Cooke’s Lear; in Boston, Mass., in March 
1812, as Hamlet to Mrs. Duff’s Ophelia, and then 
in Philadelphia and Baltimore. He played as 
Young Norval at the Drury Lane theatre, Lon- 
don, England, June 4, 1813, and afterward traveled 
through the principal cities of England and Ire- 
land, retiring from the stage in 1817. He resided 
in France and England for nearly twenty years 
and was engaged chiefly as a playwright, selling 
his first play, ‘The Maid and the Magpie,” a 
translation from the French, to the managers of 
Covent Garden for £100. He wrote, translated 
and adapted more than sixty plays, among them, 
“ Brutus, or the Fall of Tarquin,” ‘* Mahomet,” 
“Married and Single,” ‘Two Sons-in-Law,” 
“Spanish Husband,” ‘ Paoli,” Judge and the 
Attorney,” *‘ White Maid,” ‘* Post Chaise,” ‘‘ Mrs. 
Smith and Boarding School,” ‘* Clari, or the Maid 
of Milan,” (in which occurs his song of ‘‘ Home, 
Sweet Home,” and through which everyone con- 
cerned except Payne realized a fortune), and 
“Charles II.” ‘ Brutus, or the Fall of Tarquin,” 
produced at the Drury Lane theatre with Ed- 
mund Kean in the title rdle in 1818, was a success 
and became a favorite rdle of Cooper, Forrest, 
and the elder Booth, as did *‘ Charles II.” with 





PAYNE 
Charles Kemble. He returned to the United 


States in 1832 and received several benefits from 
members of the theatrical profession in various 
cities. He lived among the Cherokee Indians for 
a time and became an adviser of the chief Ross 
in his difficulties with the United States; was 
arrested with the chief by the Georgia state 
guards, and was influential in securing the treaty 
that resulted in the removal of the tribe to the 
west. He became interested in several projects 
in the United States, but none of them prospered, 
and in 1841 he was appointed U.S. consul to 
Tunis, Africa, from which post he was recalled 
in 1845. He resided in Italy, Paris and London, 
1845-7, returned to New York city in 1847, and 
lived at Washington, D. C., until April, 1851, when 
he was reappointed to Tunis and served until his 
death. Mr. Payne never married. On June 5, 1883, 
his body was removed from the cemetery of 
St. George, Tunis, where a monument had been 
erected to his memory, and reinterred in Oak 
Hill cemetery, Washington, D.C., while a thou- 
sand voices sang his ‘‘ Home, Sweet Home.” His 
portrait hangs on the walls of the Corcoran 
gallery at Washington, a colossal bust was erect- 
ed in Prospect park, Brooklyn, N.Y., anda monu- 
ment marks hisgrave. In the selection of names 
for a place in the Hall of Fame for Great Ameri- 
cans, New York university, October, 1900, his 
name in ‘‘ Class A, Authors and Editors ” received 
four votes. See: ‘‘ Life and Writings of John 
Howard Payne” by Gabriel Harrison (1875, 2d ed., 
1885), and ‘* John Howard Payne: a Biographical 
Sketch”, by Charles H. Brainard (1885). He 
died in Tunis, Africa, April 9, 1852. 

PAYNE, Sereno Elisha, representative, was 
born in Hamilton, N. Y., June 26, 1843: son of 
William Wallace (1814-1863) and Betsy (Sears) 
Payne; grandson of Elisha, founder of the village 
of Hamilton and a native of Connecticut, and 
Esther (Douglass) Payne, and of David, a pioneer 
of Cayuga county, and Thankful (Irish) Sears, and 
a lineal descendant of Stephen Hopkins, May- 
flower, 1620. Sereno Elisha Payne attended the 
Auburn academy, and was graduated from Roch- 
ester university in 1864. He studied law at 
Auburn ; was admitted to the bar in 1866, and 
practised in Auburn in partnership with John T. 
M. Davie, 1869-70, and alone, 1870-82. He was 
married, April 23, 1873, to Gertrude, daughter of 
Osear Fitzhugh and Arietta (Terry) Knapp of 
Auburn, N. Y. He was city clerk, 1867-68 ; super- 
visor, 1871-72 ; district attorney, 1873-79, and presi- 
dent of the board of education, 1879-82. He was 
a Republican representative from the 26th dis- 
trict in the 48th congress, 1883-85, and from the 
27th district in the 49th congress, 1885-87. He 
was defeated for nomination for the 50th congress 
by Newton W. Nutting (q.v.), whom he succeeded 


PAYNE 


in 1889 as representative in the 51st congress, 
and served continuously in the 51st-58th con- 
gresses, 1889-1905. He was a member of the 
committee on ways and means in the 5ist-58th 
congresses, was appointed chairman of the com- 
mittee on waysand means in the 56th, succeeding 
Nelson Dingley, deceased, and in the 57th and 
58th congresses. He was appointed a member of 
the joint high commission to negotiate a treaty 
with Canada in 1898. 

PAYNE, Will, editor and author, was born in 
Whiteside county, Ill., Jan. 9, 1865; son of Will- 
iam Augustus and Caroline (Ferris) Payne; 
grandson of William and Eliza (Wells) Payne 
of Lebanon, N.H., and a descendant of Thomas 
Paine, Eastham, Mass., about 1630. He was 
brought up on a farm, attended a country school 
and early in life removed to Nebraska, where he 
was employed ina bank. In 1890 he engaged in 
journalism in Chicago, where he was successively 
reporter, city editor and financial editor of the 
Daily News, holding the position of city editor 
during the World’s Columbian exposition, 1893. 
In 1896 he left the News to become financial 
editor of the Chronicle, and in March, 1897, ac- 
cepted a similar position on the Economist. He 
published novels, including : Jerry, the Dreamer, 
(1896) ; The Money Captain (1898); The Story 
of Eva (1901), and numerous short stories contri- 
buted to the magazines. 

PAYNE, William Harold, educator, was born 
in Farmington, N.Y., May 12, 1886 ; son of Gideon 
Riley and Mary Brown (Smith) Payne ; grandson 
of Gideon and Phoebe (Hill) Payne and of Wil- 
liam and Lydia (Brown) Smith, and a descend- 
ant of Stephen Payne, born in Great Ellingham, 
Norfolk county, England, who came to America 
in 1688 in the ship Diligent, and settled first at 
Hingham, Mass., also maternally from the Brown, 
Peck and Smith families, who were among the 
first settlers of Providence, R.I. He was brought 
up on his father’s farm, attended the district 
school, Macedon academy three terms, and New 
York Conference seminary one term. He taught 
school, 1854-58, in New York state ; was principal 
of the Union school, Three Rivers, Mich., 1858-64 ; 
superintendent of schools, Niles, Mich., 1864-66 ; 
principal of Ypsilanti seminary, 1866-69 ; super- 
intendent of schools, Adrian, Mich., 1869-79; 
professor of the science and art of teaching, 
University of Michigan, 1879-88; chancellor of 
the University of Nashville and president of 
Peabody Normal college, Nashville, Tenn., 1888- 
1901, and in 1901 returned to the University of 
Michigan as professor of the science and the art 
_of teaching. He received the honorary degree 
of A.M. in 1872 and LL.D. in 1888 from the 
University of Michigan, and the degrees of Ph.D. 
from the University of Nashville in 1888, and 


PAYNE 





Litt.D. from Western University of Pennsylvania _ 


in 1897. 


Supervision (1875); Science of Education (1879); 
Outlines of Educational Doctrine (1882); The 
Education of Teachers (1901), and translator of; 
Compayre’s History of Pedagogy (1886); Lectures 
on Teaching (1888); Elements of Psychology 
(1890) ; Applied Psychology (1893), and Rous- 
seau’s Hmile (1892). 

PAYNE, William Henry, soldier, was born at 
Clifton, Fauquier county, Va., Jan. 27, 1830; 
eldest son of Arthur Alexander Mason and Mary 
Conway Mason (Fitzhugh) Payne; grandson of 
Capt. William and Marion (Morson) Payne, and 


of the Hon. Nicholas and Sarah Washington ‘ 


(Ashton) Fitzburgh, and a descendant in the 
seventh generation from John Payne, who with 
his brother William came to Virginia in 1620. 
His mother was a great-granddaughter of Augus- 
tine Washington. He was educated at the Uni- 
versity of Missouri, the University of Virginia, 
and the Virginia Military Institute, and was mar- 
ried, Sept. 29, 1852, to Mary Elizabeth Winston, 
daughter of Col. William Winter Payne (q.v.) ; 
practised law, and served as commonwealth’s at- 
torney for Fauquier county until 1869, save dur- 
ing the suspension of civil duties, 1861-65. He 
entered the Confederate service as captain of the 


Black Horse cavalry, and in September, 1861, was — 


promoted major of the 4th Virginia cavalry, and 

took part in the Peninsula campaign. He was 

wounded, left on the field and reported dead in 
the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1861, was 

taken prisoner, and after his release promoted 
lieutenant-colonel and placed in temporary com- 

mand of the 2d North Carolina cavalry, with 

which regiment he held Warrenton, Va., against 

a Federal attack, thus preventing the capture of 

3,000 wounded Confederates in hospital there. 

He was wounded and taken prisoner at Hanover, 

Pa., June 30, 1863, and on his exchange was pro- 

moted brigadier-general and commanded the 5th, 

6th, 8th and 36th battalion, Virginia cavalry, 

which made up Payne’s brigade. Fitz Lee’s divi- 

sion, Early’s army, operating in the valley against 
Sheridan in the fall of 1864, and south of the James 

river in the spring of 1865 in Fitzhugh Lee’s 
cavalry corps. He was conspicuous in the battle 
of Five Forks, April 1, 1865, where he was 
wounded, Col. R. B. Boston succeeding to th 


command of the brigade. He was captured, April | 


18, 1865, brought to Washington April 16, was 
mistaken for the Payne implicated in the assas- 
sination of President Lincoln and by the firmness 
of the officer having him in charge was rescued 


He edited and published The Michigan — 
Teacher, 1864-69, and is the author of: School — 








| 
Ne 
| 
4 


from amob intent on killing him. He practised 


law at Washington, D.C.; and in 1902 was the | 


counsel for the Southern railway. 


[176] 


ar 





- 








_ that met at Richmond, Va., in 1859. 


PAYNE 


PAYNE, William Morton, educator and critic, 
was born in Newburyport, Mass., Feb. 14, 1858; 
son of Henry Morton and Emma Merrill (Tilton) 
Payne; grandson of Joel and Eunice (Lane) 
Payne, and of William and Elizabeth (Merrill) 
Tilton, and a descendant of William Payne, who 
came from England to Massachusetts Bay in 1635, 
during the Puritan emigration, and settled at 
Watertown. He removed to Chicago, IIl., in 
1888, and attended the public schools, but was 
mainly self-educated. He was assistant librarian 
of the Chicago public library, 1874-76, and taught 
in the high schools of Chicago, 1876-1901. He 
was chairman of the committee on the philo- 
logical congress, Chicago, in 1893; president of 
the Chicago French club, 1887-90, and secretary 
and treasurer of the Chicago Twentieth Century 
club, 1889-1901. He was lecturer on English 
literature at the University of Wisconsin in 
1900. He was literary editor of the Chicago 
Morning News, 1884-88, and of the Chicago Even- 
ing Journal, 1888-92, and became associate editor 
of the Dial in 1892. He was prominent as a 


literary critic, chiefly of the modern English, 


French, German, Italian and Scandinavian lan- 
guages, and is the author of : The New Education 
(1884); Little Leaders (1895); a translation of 
Bjérnson’s Sigurd Slembe (1888), and of Jeger’s 
Henrik Ibsen (1890 ; new ed., with additions, 1901); 
and Editorial Echoes (1902). He edited ‘‘ English in 
American Universities” (1895), and contributed 
many articles to the leading magazines. 

PAYNE, William Winter, representative, was 
born in Fauquier county, Va., Jan. 2, 1805 ; son of 
Daniel and Elizabeth (Winter) Payne; grandson 
of William, of Clifton (born Feb. 4, 1753), and 
Susanna (Stone) Payne. Richard Payne, his first 
native American ancestor, was born at Round 
Tower, Northumberland county, Virginia, May 
12, 1633; son of John Payne, who emigrated 
from England with his brother William in 1620, 


armed with chartered rights to appropriate lands 


in Virginia obtained through their brother Sir 


_ Robert Payne, a member of the London Charter 


company. William Winter Payne received an 
academical education and removed to Tuscum- 
bia, Ala., in 1825. He represented Franklin 


county in the state legislature in 1831; removed 


the Gainesville, Sumter county, Ala., in 1833, and 
engaged in planting. He was a representative in 
the state legislature, 1834-38, and in 1840, and a 
Democratic representative from Alabama in the 
27th, 28th and 29th congresses, 1841-47. He was 
defeated for re-election in 1846, returned to Vir- 
ginia, settling at Warrenton, and engaged in 
agricultural pursuits until his death. He was 
chairman of the Democratic state convention 
He was mar- 
ried in 1826 to Minerva, daughter of John J. Win- 


PEABODY 


ston of Franklin county, Ala., and their son served 
as colonel in the Confederate army. W. Winter 
Payne died at Warrenton, Va., Sept. 2, 1874. 

PAYNTER, Samuel, governor of Delaware, 
was born in Sussex county, Del., in 1768. He 
engaged in the mercantile business in Lewes ; 
was appointed associate judge of Delaware in 
1818, and served as governor of the state, 1824-27. 
He was a representative in the state legislature, 
1844-45, and died at Lewes, Del., Oct. 2, 1845. 

PAYNTER, Thomas H., representative, was 
born in Lewis county, Ky., Dec. 9, 1851. He 
attended the district school and Joseph Rand’s 
academy, and matriculated at Centre college in 
the class of 1870, but did not remain to graduate, 
He was admitted to the bar in 1872, and practised 
in Greenup. He was married, May 25, 1876, to 
Elizabeth K. Pollock. He was attorney for the 
county, 1876-82, and a representative from the 
ninth district of Kentucky in the 51st, 52d and 
58d congresses, 1889-95. In 1894 he was elected 
justice of the court of appeals of Kentucky, 
resigning from congress, Jan. 5, 1895, to take his 
seat on the bench, and the vacancy caused by 
his resignation was not filled. 

PAYSON, William Farquhar, author, was 
born in New York city, Feb. 18, 1876; son of 
Francis and Mary F. (Dabney) Payson; grandson 


-of John Larkin and Frances (Lithgow) Payson, 


and of Charles Henry and Ellen M. (Jones) 
Dabney, and a descendant of Edward Payson 
(1614-1675), who came over with other Puritans 
from Nazing, Essex, England, and settled at 
Roxbury, Mass., where he was admitted ‘ free- 
man ” in 1640. He received his preparatory edu- 
cation in England and in New York city; was a 
student at Columbia university, 1892-938, and in 
1893 engaged in journalism. He was on the 
editorial staff of the New York Times, 1893-95, 
and managing editor of Vogue, 1895-97, after 
which time he made his home in Bristol, R.1., 
and gave his attention to literary work. He was 
married, Oct. 27, 1897, to Mary Farquhar, daughter 
of Charles G. King of Providence, R.I. He is 
the author of : The Copymaker (1897); The Title- 
Mongers (1898); John Vytal (1901), and nu- 
merous short stories in English and American 
magazines. 

PEABODY, Andrew Preston, educator, was 
born in Beverly, Mass., March 19, 1811; son of 
Andrew Peabody (b. Feb. 29, 1772, d. Dec. 
19. 1813 or 14), who was married, May 380 (Dec. 4), 
1808, to Mary Rantoul of Salem. She died Nov, 
15, 1836. He attended the public school of Bev- 
erly, of which his father was for several years 
principal; was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 
1826, A.M., 1829; taught school in Middleton, 
Mass,, 1826-27; was private tutor, 1827-28, and 
principal of the academy at Portsmouth, N.H., 


[177] 


PEABODY 


1828-29. He was graduated from Harvard Divin- 
ity school in 1832, was tutor of mathematics at 
Harvard, 1832-33, and in 1833 was appointed as- 
sistant to the Rev. Nathan Parker, pastor of the 
South Parish Unitarian church at Portsmouth, 
N.H. Upon Dr. Parker’s death the same year he 
succeeded to the pastorate, which he held until 
1860. He became Dr. Frederic Dan Huntington’s 
successor as preacher to the University and Plum- 
mer professor of Christian morals at Harvard in 
1860, being professor emeritus, 1881-93. He was 
acting president of Harvard, 
1862, and 1868-69, and an over- 
\ seer, 1883-93. The honorary 
At degree of D.D. was conferred 
z on him by Harvard in 1852 and 





p) 


J that of LL.D. by the Uni- 
versity of Rochester in 1865. 
: - He was a member of the 
Massachusetts Historical society and vice-presi- 
dent of the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences. He was editor of The North American 
Review, 1852-61, and Ely lecturer at Union Theo- 
logical seminary, 1874. He compiled a Sunday- 
school hymn book (1840); edited, with memoirs, 
the writings of James Kennard, Jr. (1847); Rev. 
Jason Whitman (1849); John W, Foster (1852); 
Charles A. Cheever, M.D. (1854), and William 
Plummer and William Plummer, Jr. (1857). He 
is the author of : Lectures on Christian Doctrine 
(1844); Sermons of Consolation (1847); Conversa- 
tion, its Faults and its Graces (1856) ; Christian- 
ity, the Religion of Nature (1864) ; Sermons for 
Children (1866); Manual of Moral Philosophy; 
Christianity and Science (1874) ; Christian Belief 
and Life (1875) ; Harvard Reminiscences (1888) ; 
Harvard Graduates Whom I Have Known (1890), 
besides many sermons and addresses and frequent 
contributions to leading periodicals. He died in 
Boston, Mass., March 10, 1893. 

PEABODY, Charles Augustus, jurist, was 
born in Sandwich, N.H., July 10, 1814; son of 
Samuel and Abigail (Wood) Peabody ; grandson 
of Capt. Richard Peabody (born April 18, 1781), 
and of Jonathan Wood, and a descendant of 
Lieut. Francis Peabody (1641-1697) of St. Albans, 
Hertfordshire, England, who came to New Eng- 
land in the ship Planter in 1635, and settled at 
Topsfield, Essex county, Mass., in 1667. He re- 
ceived a private education ; studied law at Balti- 
more and at the Harvard Law school; was ad- 
mitted to the bar, and began practice in New York 
in 18389. He became interested in politics ; was a 
member of the convention that organized the Re- 
publican party in New York state in 1855; was a 
justice of the supreme court, 1855-57; was ap- 
pointed commissioner of quarantine in 1858; was 
judge of the U.S, provisional court of Louisiana, 
1862-65, and chief justice of the supreme court, 





PEABODY 


1863-65. He declined the appointment of U.S. at- 
torney for the eastern district of Louisiana in 1865. 
and returned to his profession in New York city. 
He was vice-president of the association for the 
reform and codification of the laws of the na- 
tions, and was chosen a delegate of the U.S. 
government to the international congresses of 
commercial law in 1885. He was married in 
1846, to Julia Caroline Livingstone; secondly, 


‘in 1881, to Mary E. Hamilton, and thirdly, in 


1889, to Athenia L. Bowen. 
York city, July 8, 1901. 
PEABODY, Elizabeth Palmer, kindergartener, 
was born in Billerica, Mass., May 16, 1804 ; daugh- 
ter of Dr. Nathaniel Peabody. Shestudied Greek 
under Emerson ; was assistant to Bronson Aleott 
and Dr. Channing, and continued to teach in 
Boston, 1822-49, resid- 
ing at Jamaica Plain, ; 
Mass. She was one : 
of the first to intro- 
duce the kindergar- 
ten system of instruc- 
tion in the United 
States, and in 1858 
published an _arti- 
cle on kindergarten 
training in the Chris- 
tian Hxaminer. In 


He died in New 





1862. she published 
a ‘* Kindergarten 
Guide,” which cre- 


ated a widespread in- 

terest in the work, 

leading to the establishment of several schools, 
which proved unsuccessful. She went to Ger- 
many to visit the kindergartens which Froe- 
bel and his colleagues had organized, and on her 
return to Boston in 1868 publicly repudiated her 
former methods of teaching and re-wrote her 
** Kindergarten Guide.” Training classes were 
established and the reform took a firm hold. 
She was known as the ‘*‘ Mother of Kindergartens 
in America.” She is the author of: _#sthetie 
Papers (1849); Crimes of the House of Austria 


(1852); The Polish American System of Chronol- 


ogy (1852) ; Kindergarten in Italy (1872); a re- — 


vised edition of Mary Mann’s *‘ Guide to the Kin- 
dergarten and Intermediate Class ; and a Moral 
Culture of Infancy ” (1877) ; Reminiscences of Dr. 
Channing (1880); Letters to Kindergarteners (1886); 
Last Evening with Allston (1887). She died at. 
Jamaica Plain, Mass., Jan. 3, 1894. 

PEABODY, Francis Greenwood, educator, 
was born in Boston, Mass., December 4, 1847 ; son 
of the Rev. Ephraim and Mary Jane (Derby) 


Peabody ; grandson of Ephraim and Rhoda (Ab- — 


bot) Peabody of Wilton, N.H., and of John and ° 
Sarah Ellen (Foster) Derby of Salem, Mass., and 


[178] 




















PEABODY 


a descendant of Lieut. Francis Peabody, the im- 
migrant. He was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 
1869, A.M., 1872, and from the Harvard Divinity 
school, B.D., 1872. He was pastor of the First 
Parish church, Cambridge, Mass., 1874-80, re- 
signing on account of ill-health in 1880. In 1881 
he was appointed Parkman professor of theology 
at Harvard, which chair he held until 1886, when 
he became Plummer professor of Christian mor- 
als. He was an overseer of Harvard, 1877-82. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by Yale in 1887. He is the author of : Morn- 
ings in the College Chapel (1897); Founder's Day 
at Hampton (1898); Afternoons in the College 
Chapel (1898); Jesus Christ and the Social Ques- 
tion (1900.) 

PEABODY, George, philanthropist, was born 
in Danvers, Mass., Feb. 18, 1795 ; a descendant of 
Lieut. Francis Peabody, the immigrant (1614- 
1697). He served as apprentice to a country 
grocer in Danvers, 1806-10; resided in Thetford, 
Vt., 1810-11, and en- 
gaged in the dry- 
goods business in 
Newburyport, Mass., 
with his elder brother, 
David, in 1811, re- 
moving after the de- 
struction of the store 
by fire to George- 
town, D.C., to become 
financial assistant to 
his uncle, John Pea- 
body. Upon the out- 
break of the war 
of 1812, he joined a 
company of volun- 
teer infantry and 
was stationed at Fort Warburton to command 
the river approach to Washington. In 1814 he 
formed a partnership in the wholesale dry goods 
business with Elisha Riggs, and in 1815 the house 
removed to Baltimore. He traveled on horseback 
through western New York, Pennsylvania, Mary- 
land and Virginia, and in 1821 had so increased 
the business that branch offices were opened at 
Philadelphia and in New York city. In 1829 Mr. 
Riggs retired from business, and in 1837 Peabody 
established the firm of George Peabody & Co., 
merchant and money broker, Wamford Court, 
London, Eng. The business grew to be among 
the foremost in London and negotiated large 
government loans, including the sale of $8,000,000 
Maryland state bonds in 1835. The $200,000 com- 
mission thereon Peabody remitted to the state, 
for which he received a special vote of thanks 
from the legislature. In 1851 he advanced $15,- 
000 to enable the products of American industry 
to be properly displayed at the exhibition of that 


PEABODY 


year, and in 1852 he donated $10,000 to be used 
for equipping the Advance, which had been pre- 
sented by Henry Grinnell of New York city for a 
second arctic expedition to search for Sir John 
Franklin. The searchers named part of the 
newly-discovered territory ‘‘ Peabody Land.” In 
June, 1852, he donated the means for the estab- 
lishment of the Peabody Institute in his native 
town ; in 1866 established the Peabody library at 
Thetford, Vt., and also founded the Peabody In- 
stitute at Baltimore, Md., in 1866. In’1859 he 
began a plan for promoting the comfort and hap- 
piness of the poor of London, advancing $750,000 
for the foundation of a tenement-house fund. 
The work of erection was at once begun, and in 
1864a block was opened to its tenants, the fund 
being increased by Mr. Peabody in 18738 to $2,500,- 
000. He also gave $3,000,000 for the education of 
the poor children of the south, part of which fund 
was in Mississippi state bonds, which have re- 
mained inactive, but the interest from the earn- 
ing part of the gift is used to assist normal 
schools for teachers in the southern states. In 
1866 he declined the choice of a baronetey or 
the grand cross of the Order of the Bath. On 
July 23, 1869, the Prince of Wales unveiled ina 
public square in London a bronze statue of Mr. 
Peabody, the donation of the people of the city. 
Among his other notable gifts were the follow- 
ing: $150,000 to Harvard university ; $150,000 to 
Yale ; $140,000 to the Peabody Academy of Sci- 
ence, Salem, Mass. : $25,000 to Kenyon college, 
Ohio; $25,000 to Phillips academy, Andover, 
Mass. ; $20,000 for the Massachusetts Historical 
society, and $100,000 for the building of a church 
in memory of his mother at Georgetown, Mass. 
He visited America for the last time in 1869, and 
on his return to England was in such poor health 
that he decided to remove to France. He died, 
however, in London. The funeral services were 
held at Westminster Abbey and his remains were 
brought to the United States in H. M.S. Monarch, 
convoyed by an American and a French vessel. 
When the body reached Portland, Maine, it was 
received by an American naval squadron and 
transferred to Peabody, Mass., where, after appro- 
priate services were held, it was placed in the 
family vault at Harmony Grove cemetery, Salem, 
Mass. His name was given a place in the Hall 
of Fame for Great Americans, New York uni- 
versity, October, 1900, in ‘‘ Class F, Philanthro- 
pists ” receiving 72 votes, the highest in the class. 
The date of his death is Noy. 4, 1869. 

PEABODY, Josephine Preston, poet, was. 
born in New York; daughter of Charles Kilham 
and Susan Josephine (Morrill) Peabody ; grand- 
daughter of Francis and Hannah Kilham (Pres- 
ton) Peabody and of Charles Augustine and 
Susan Simonds (Jackson) Morrill, and a descend- 


[179] 


PEABODY 


ant of Lieut. Francis Peabody, the immigrant, 
who settled in Essex county. She attended the 
Girls’ Latin school, Boston, and took special 
courses at Radcliffe college, 1894-96, giving 
particular attention to literature. She became 
well known through her poems, many of which 
appeared in the Atlantic Monthly and other 
magazines. In November, 1901, she was made a 
member of the faculty of Wellesley college, 
having charge of two courses. in English poetry. 
Among her books are: Old Greek Folk Stories 
(1897); The Wayfarers: a Book of Verse (1898); 
Fortune and Men’s Eyes; News Poems with a 
Play (1900); Marlowe: a Play (1901). 

PEABODY, Nathaniel, delegate, was born in 
Topsfield, Essex county, Mass., March 1, 1741; 
son of Dr. Jacob Peabody. He attended school 
at Leominster, Mass. ; studied medicine with his 
father, and was licensed to practise in 1761. He 
established himself in Plaistow, N.H., and was 
commissioned a lieutenant-colonel in the Royal 
army in 1774. He resigned his commission on 
account of political opinions and joined the 
patriot army. He engaged in the capture of 
Fort William and Mary at Newcastle, Del., and 
served on many of the early Revolutionary com- 
mittees and conventions. He was a member of 
the committee of safety, Jan. 10, 1776, and 
became its chairman; was appointed adjutant- 
general of the state militia, July 19, 1777, and 
served in Rhode Island in 1779. He was a dele- 
gate to the convention held at New Haven to 
regulate the price of labor, produce and manu- 
factures in 1779, to the Continental congress, 
1779-80, and to the convention to frame the State 
constitution, 1782-838, serving as chairman of the 
committee. In 1786 he was again elected a 
delegate to the Continental congress, but did not 
take his seat. He was a representative in the 
state legislature for eight years, and served as 
speaker of the house in 17938. He was major- 
general of militia, 1793-98. The latter part of 
his life was spent in a debtor’s prison, under the 
harsh law then enforced. He died in Exeter, 
N.H., June 27, 1823. 

PEABODY, Selim Hobart, educator, was born 
in Rockingham, Vt., Aug. 20, 1829; son of the 
Rev. Charles Hobart and Grace Stone (Ide) 
Peabody; grandson of Dr. John and Kezia 
(Hobart) Peabody, and a descendant of Lieut. 
Francis Peabody, the immigrant. He attended the 
Boston Latin school, 1842-43; afterward obtained 
employment as a carpenter ; taught school during 
the winter months, beginning in 1846, and was 
graduated from the University of Vermont, A.B. 
1852, A.M., 1855. He was married, August 9, 
1852, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of David 
Knapp Pangborn, of Burlington, Vt., where he 
was principal of the high school, 1852-54. He 


PEAK 


was professor of matheniatics and civil engineer- 
ing at the Polytechnic college, Philadelphia, Pa., 
1854-59 ; principal of the high school at Fond du 
Lac, Wis., 1859-62; superintendent of public 
schools at Racine, Wis., 1862--65, and teacher of 
physical science in the high school at Chicago, 
Ill., 1865-71. During 1865-71 he conducted the 
first evening schools for working men in Chicago, 
He was professor of physics and civil engineering 
at the Massachusetts Agricultural college, 1871-74; 
returned to the Chicago highand evening schools 
in 1874; was professor of mechanical engineering 
at the Illinois Industrial university, 1878-80, and 
was president of that institution, 1880-91. During 
his presidency the university was greatly enlarged 
and the name was changed to the University of 
Illinois. In 1891 he resigned to become chief of 
the liberal arts department at the World’s 
Columbian exposition, He was editor and statis- 
tician, U.S. commission to the Paris exposition, 
1899-1900. He was secretary of the Chicago 
Academy of Sciences, 1874-88; president, 1892- 
95; president of the national council of education, 
1889-91 ; superintendent of the Division of Liberal 
Arts at the Buffalo exposition in 1901, and super- 
intendent of education and of awards at the 
Charleston exposition in 1902. The honorary 
degree of Ph.D. was conferred on him by the 
University of Vermont in 1877, and that of LL.D. 
by the University of Iowa in 1881. He was one 
of the editors of the International Cyclopedia, 
and is the author of: Natural History (8 vols. 
1869); Astronomy (1871); New Practical Arithme- 
tic (1872); American Patriotism (1880); Charts 
for Teaching Reading (1899); Juvenile Arithmetic 
(1900). 

PEACOCK, Dred, educator, was born in Stan- 
tonburg, N.C., April 12, 1864; son of Dr. Calvin 
Casswell and Ava (Heath) Peacock; grandson 
of Zadock and Sallie Peacock and of William and 
Elizabeth Heath. He was graduated from 
Trinity college, N.C., A.B., 1887, A.M., 1888; and 
was married, June 9, 1887, to Ella, daughter of pro- 
fessor Obed William and Roxana (Moriah) Carr of 


Trinity, N.C. He was principal at the Lexington, | 


N.C., Female seminary, 1887-88; professor of 
natural sciences in the Greensboro Female college, 
1888-94, and president of the college, 1894-1902. 
The honorary degree of Litt.D. was conferred 


upon him by Trinity college, Durham, N.C., in 


1897, 

PEAK, John Lee, diplomatist, was born in 
Scott county, Ky., in April, 1839; son of Jordan 
J. and Eliza A. (Bradley) Peak; grandson of 
Presley and Judith Peak, and of John W, and 
Sallie Bradley, and a descendant of John Peak, 
who came from England early in the eighteenth 
century, 


Virginia, He was graduated from the George- 


[180] 


and settled at Fairfax Court House.. 


“git 2 





_ 





| 


PEALE 


town college, Kentucky, in 1858, and from the 
law school at Louisville in 1860, and settled in 
practice at Georgetown. He was married in 
December, 1862, to Mattie H., daughter of James 
H. and Mary C. Davies of Georgetown, Ky. He 
removed to Jackson county, Mo., in 1868; was 
prosecuting attorney of the county, 1877-1881, 
and U.S. minister to Switzerland by appointment 
of President Cleveland, 1895-97. At the close 
of the service abroad he engaged in the practice 
of law in Kansas City, Mo. 

PEALE, Charles Willson, artist, was born in 
Chestertown, Md., April 16, 1741; son of Charles 
Peale. He attended school in Annapolis, Md., 
1750-54; was apprenticed to a saddler, and estab- 
lished himself in that business. His first attempt 
at painting was a likeness of himself, and his suc- 
cess led him to study under Hesselius, a German 
painter. He afterward studied under John Sin- 
gleton Copley in Boston, 1768-69, and in 1770-74 
in London under Benjamin West, who painted 


his portrait. On his return he painted portraits 


oda ax4 


in Annapolis, 1774-75, and in Philadelphia, 1775- 
1827. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution he 
was appointed a lieutenant in a company of mili- 
tia, and was later commissioned a captain. He 
led his company at the battles of Trenton and 
Princeton, and was one of the men selected to 
remove the public stores from Philadelphia when 


that city was in danger of capture by the British. 


He was a representative in the state legislature 
in 1779, and advocated a plan for the gradual 
abolition of slavery. In 1802 he opened Peale’s 
museum, where he exhibited natural curiosities 
which he had collected in his travels, and por- 
traits which he owned or borrowed. He also 
gave lectures at the museum on natural history, 
and practised dentistry. He was one of the 
founders of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine 
Arts, to which he contributed largely. His ver- 
satility is shown in the titles of his books, which 
include: Building Wooden Bridges; Discourse 
Introductory to a Course of Lectures on Natural 
History ; Epistles on the Means of Preserving 
Health, and Domestic Happiness. His fame asa 
portrait painter was national, Washington giving 
him sittings for fourteen portraits, one of which 
was painted for the College of New Jersey in 
1780. Among his other portraits are those of 
Hancock, Morris, Steuben, Franklin, Greene, 
Gates, Jefferson, Hamilton, Monroe, Jackson, 
Calhoun and Clay. He also painted ‘Christ 
Healing the Sick,” in 1829, and a full length 
portrait of himself in 1824, when eighty-three 
years of age. He left a collection of 269 portraits 
and historical scenes. His sons. Rembrandt 
(q.v.) and Raphaelle (1774-1825), were painters of 
portraits and of still life, and another son, Titian 
Ramsey (1800-1885), painted animal life, was a 


PEALE 


learned ornithologist and accompanied Wilkes 
on his explorations, 1839-42. Charles W. Peale 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 22, 1827. 

PEALE, James, artist, was born in Annapolis, 
Md., in 1749; son of Charles Peale. He served in 
the Continental army as an officer during the 
Revolution, and later engaged in portrait paint- 
ing. He painted many miniatures, portraits in 
oil and figure compositions. His most noted 
works are, a full length portrait of Washington, 
which was hung in the New York Historical 
society and which has been engraved, and an- 
other portrait of Washington in 1795, which 
was hung in Independence Hall, Philadelphia. 
He also painted: Rencontre between Col. Allen 
McLane and Two British Horsemen (1811); View 
of the Battle of Princeton, and a View of Belfield 
Farm, near Germantown (1818). His son James 
(1779-1876) was a banker, but devoted his leisure 
to painting, producing several marine views. His 
daughter, Anna Clay Poole (1791-1878), was a 
still life and miniature painter, and married, first, 
the Rev. Dr. William Staughton, and secondly, 
Gen. William Duncan; another daughter, Sarah 
M. (1800-85), painted portraits of Bainbridge, 
Lafayette, Caleb Cushing and Henry A. Wise, 
and still life subjects.. James Peale died in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., May 24, 1831. 

PEALE, Rembrandt, artist, was born in Bucks 
county, Pa., Feb. 22, 1778; sonof Charles Willson 
Peale (q.v.). Heearly developed artistic talent ; 
removed to Charleston, $.C., in 1796, and in 1801 
studied painting in London under Benjamin 
West. He returned in 1803 on account of ill 
health, and immediately gained popularity in 
Philadelphia as a portrait painter, He visited 
Paris in 1807 and 1809 to study art in the Louvre, 
painting several portraits of distinguished French- 
men for his father’s museum, and in 1810 again 
established himself in Philadelphia. He painted 
in New York, Boston and Baltimore, 1810-29; 
visited France and Italy, ,1829-30, England in 
1832, and in 1833 opened a studio in London and 
exhibited in the Royal academy. He was presi- 
dent of the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences ; one of the founders of the Pennsyl- 
vania Academy of Fine Arts in 1805; an original 
member of the National Academy of Design, New 
York city, and upon his removal to Philadelphia 
was elected an honorary member in 1827. He wasa 
skilful lithographer, being one of the first to draw 
on stone, and was awarded a silver medal by the 
Franklin Institute for a lithographic portrait of 
Washington in 1827. His most noted portrait 
was that of Washington, begun in 1795, completed 
in 1823, exhibited in Rome, Florence and London 
and finally purchased by the U.S. senate. Among 
his other portraits are: Baron Cuvier, Bernardin 
de Saint Pierre, Jean Antoine Houdon, Thomas 


[181] 


PEARCE 


Jefferson, Mrs. James Madison, Thomas Sully, 
Oliver H. Perry, Ranmohun Roy, G. W. Bethune, 
William Bainbridge, Joseph Priestly, General 
Armstrong and Stephen Decatur. His figure 
compositions include: Napoleon on Horseback ; 
Babes in the Wood; Errina; Song of the Shirt ; 
Jupiter and Io; Wineand Cake; Lyseppa on the 
Rock; Roman Daughter; An Italian Peasant ; 
Ascent of Elijah, and Court of Death. He lectured 
on ** Washington and His Portraits” in several 
of the larger cities of the Union, and edited the 
Portfolio of an Artist (1839), He isthe author of : 
An Account of the Skeleton of the Mammoth (1802) ; 
Historical Disquisition on the Mammoth (1808); 
Notes on Italy (1881); Graphies (1841); Reminis- 
cences of Art and Artists (1845), and translations 
contributed to the Crayon and other publications, 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 3, 1860. 
PEARCE, Charles Edward, representative, was 
born in Whitesboro, N.Y., May 29, 1842; son of 
William Greene and Rebecca Ann (Paine) Pearce ; 
grandson of Nathaniel and Anna (D’Auby) Pearce, 
and of Philip and Phoebe (Stevens) Paine, and a 
descendant of John Pearce of North Kingstown, 
R.I., and of Nicholas Stillwell of Manhattan Is- 
land, N.Y. He attended Fairfield seminary ; was 
graduated from Union college, N.Y., in 1863, and 
enlisted in the Federal army immediately upon 
his graduation, as captain of a company of heavy 
artillery. He was promoted major in June, 1864, 
and served in the armies of the James and the 
Potomac. 
appointed on the staff of Maj.-Gen, A. H. Terry, 
and was detailed as provost marshal-general of 
the eastern district of North Carolina during the 
occupation of Wilmington, Del. He resigned 
from the army in 1865; removed to St. Louis, 
Mo., in 1866; was admitted to the bar in 1867, and 
established himself in the practice of law and in 
manufacturing. He was chosen commander of the 
national guard of the state of Missouri in 1875; 
organized the first regiment in 1877, and served 
as its colonel, 1877-78. He was a delegate to the 
Republican national convention of 1888; chair- 
man of the Sioux Indian commission in 1891, and 
in 1894 was sent to India and Japan to inves- 
tigate their industries. He was a Republican 
representative in the 55th and 56th congresses, 
1897-1901. He died in St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 30, 1902. 
PEARCE, Charles Sprague, artist, was born 
in Boston, Mass., Oct. 13, 1851; son of Shadrach 
Houghton and Mary Anna (Sprague) Pearce. He 
traveled in Egypt and Algiers, 1873-74, and stud- 
ied painting under Leon Bonnat in Paris, 1873-75. 
He exhibited frequently in the Paris Salon and 
also in New York, Boston and Philadelphia. He 
was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor, 
France, 1894; chevalier of the order of Leopold, 
Belgium, 1895; chevalier of the order of the Red 


After the fall of Fort Fisher, he was 


PEARCE 


Eagle, Prussia, 1897; chevalier of the Order of. 


Danebrog, Denmark, 1898; a member of the 
Society of American Artists in 1886; first vice- 
president of the Paris Society of American 
Painters; member of the National Society of 
Mural Painters of New York; the National Insti- 
tute of Art and Letters, and the Salmagundi club, 
and received prize medals in Boston, Philadelphia, 
San Francisco, Atlanta, Paris, Ghent, Munich, 
Berlin and Vienna. He was a member of the 
jury of awards at the Paris exposition of 1889; at 
the Antwerp exposition of 1894, and chairman of 
the Paris advisory committee and jury of recep- 
tion for the World’s Columbian exposition of 
1893. He was married to Louise C., daughter of 
Louis Bonjeau of Paris. Among his more im- 
portant works are: Death of the First Born in 
Egypt (1877); Le Sacrifice d’ Abraham (1881); De- 


capitation of John the Baptist (1881); Prelude 


(1883); Water Carrier (1883); Bébé et sa Seur 
(1883); Prayer (1884); A Toiler of the Sea (1884); 
Peines de Coeur (1884); Une bergére (1886); St. 
Genevieve (1887), and mural decorations for the 
congressional library, Washington. 

PEARCE, Dutee Jerauld, representative, was 
born on Providence Island, R.I., April 3, 1789. 
He was graduated from Brown university, A.B., 
1808, A.M., 1811, studied law and established 
himself in practice at Newport, R.I. He was 
active in state politics; served as a representa- 
tive in the state legislature for several years; 
was attorney-general of Rhode Island, 1819-25; 
Monroe and Tompkins presidential elector in 
1821, and U.S. district attorney for Rhode Island, 
1824-25. He wasa Democratic, National Republi- 
can, People’s and Administration representative 
in the 19th-24th congresses, 1825-37, having been 
first elected at a special election Nov. 25, 1825, 
not receiving a majority at the election of Au- 
gust, 1825, and was re-elected successively until 
August, 1837, when he was defeated as the Ad- 


ministration candidate by Robert B. Cranston, ~ 


Whig, by 960 votes, asdeclared by the canvassing 
board, Sept. 2, 1837. He died in Newport, R.L., 
May 9, 1849. 

PEARCE, James Alfred, senator, was born at 
Alexandria, Va., Dec. 8, 1804; son of Gideon and 
Julia (Dick) Pearce, and grandson of Dr. Elisha 


~ 


Cullen Dick, the medical attendant of General — 


Washington. His first ancestor in America, 
James Pearce, emigrated from Kent, England, 


in 1680 and settled in Cecil county, Md. James | 


Alfred Pearce attended a private academy at 
Alexandria, Va., and was graduated from the 
College of New Jersey in 1822. He studied law in 
Baltimore, Md.; was admitted to the bar in 1824, 
and established himself in practice in Cambridge, 
Md. He engaged in sugar planting in Louisiana, 
1823-31, and resumed his law practice in Chester- 


[182] 


+ 








PEARRE 


town, Kent county, Md., in 1831. He was a 
representative in the Maryland legislature in 
1831, and a Democratic representative in the 
24th, 25th and 27th congresses, 1835-1839 and 
1841-48. In 1848 he 
was elected to the 
U.S. senate and was 
re-elected in 1849, 
1855 and 1861. He 
was married in 1831 
to Martha J., daugh- 
ter of the Rev. Wil- 
liam Laird of Cam- 
bridge, Md., and sec- 
» ondly, to Matilda Cox 
Ringold of George- 
town, D.C. He de- 
clined a seat on the 
bench of the U.S. 
district court of 
Maryland and_ the 
nomination as secretary of the interior, both of 





which offices were tendered him by President 


Fillmore. He was a regent of the Smithsonian In- 
stitution, D.C., and professor of law, visitor and 
governor of Washington college, Maryland. The 
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred upon 
him by the College of New Jersey in 1859 and by 
St. John’s college, Md., in 1856. He died in Ches- 
tertown, Md., Dec. 20. 1862. 

PEARRE, George Alexander, representative, 
was born in Cumberland, Md., July 16, 1860; son 
of the Hon. George A. and Mary (Worthington) 
Pearre. He was graduated at the West Virginia 
university, A.B., 1880, A.M., 1883; studied law 
with his father, 1880-81; attended the Maryland 
University Law school, Baltimore, 1881-82; was 
admitted to the Baltimore bar, 1882, and after 
traveling for his health, 1882-87, began the prac- 
tice of law in Cumberland. He became a member 
of the state militia in 1887; was adjutant of the 
2d battalion of infantry in 1889; was commis- 
‘sioned lieutenant-colonel, and resigned his com- 
mission in 1892. He was a state senator, 1890-92 ; 
prosecuting attorney, 1895-99, and a Republican 
‘representative in the 56th, 57th and 58th con- 
gresses, 1899-1905. 

PEARSON, Alfred L., soldier, was born in 
Pittsburg, Pa., Dec. 28, 1838; son of Joseph and 
‘Mary Pearson, and grandson of Joseph and 
Hannah Pearson. He attended Jefferson college, 
‘Canonsburg, and Allegheny college, Meadville, 
Pa., and in 1861 was admitted to the bar. He 
-enlisted in the Union army in 1861, andin August, 
1862, was commissioned captain in the 155th Penn- 
Sylvania volunteers. He served throughout the 
war; was promoted successively major, lieuten- 
ant-colonel and colonel ; was brevetted brigadier- 
eneral, Sept. 30, 1864, for gallant services at 


PEARSON 


Peeble’s Farm, and major-general, March 29, 
1865, for a gallant charge at Quaker Road, for 
which he was also complimented by General 
Meade. He received the congressional medal of 
honor for gallant conduct during the war and 
returned to the practice of his profession in 1865. 
He was district attorney in 1870, 1872 and 1873, 
and served as major-general of the 
guard of Pennsylvania for seven years. He com- 
manded the state troops during the Pittsburg 
riots of 1877 and in the Luzerne county, where 
he ordered the troops to fire on the rioters, for 
which he was arrested on the charge of murder, 
but was not indicted. He was twice elected com- 
mander of the Union Veteran Legion, in 1869 and 
1888 ; became a member of the board of managers 
of the National Home for Disabled Soldiers in 
1891; was a member of the select council, and 
of the Pittsburg board of health. He edited the 
‘Sunday Critic, 1886-87, and wrote three plays. 
He died in Pittsburg, Pa., Jan. 6, 1903. 
PEARSON, Eliphalet, educator, was born at 
Byfield, Mass., June 11, 1725; son of David and 
Sarah (Danforth) Pearson, and a descendant of 
John Pearson, who emigrated from Yorkshire, 
England, in 1648, and settled at Rowley, Mass., 
where he built the first clothing mill in New 
England. Eliphalet attended Dummer academy, 
Byfield, Mass., and was graduated from Harvard 
college, A.B., 17738, A.M., 1776. He taught 
school at Andover, Mass.; engaged with Samuel 
Phillips in the manufacture of gunpowder for the 
American army in 1775, and upon the opening of 
the Phillips school in April, 1778, became its first 
preceptor, which office he held until 1786. He 
was Hancock professor of Hebrew at Harvard 
college, 1786-1806. Upon the death of Lieutenant- 
Governor Phillips in 1802, Pearson succeeded him 
as president of the board of trustees of Phillips 
academy and continued in office until 1820. He 
was acting president of Harvard college, 1804-06 ; 
was connected with Col. John Phillips in the 
establishment of the Andover Theological semin- 
ary, and succeeded in combining the Hopkinson 
and Andover seminaries in 1808. He was or- 
dained to the ministry, Sept. 22, 1808, and served 
as associate professor of sacred literature at the 
Andover Theological seminary, 1808-09. He was 
secretary of the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences ; a member of the Society for Promoting 
the Gospel among the Indians and Others in 
North America; a founder of the American Edu- 
sation society ; president of the Society for Pro- 
moting Christian Knowledge; a member of the 
Massachusetts Historical society, and fellow of 
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 
He was married, first, to Priscilla, daughter of 
President Edward Holyoke of Harvard college, 
and secondly, in 1785, to Sarah, daughter of 


national 


[183] 


PEARSON 


Henry Bromfield of Harvard, Mass. The hono- 
rary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by 
Yale and by the College of New Jersey in 1802. 
He edited Bishop Wilson’s ‘‘ Sacra Privata ;” and 
is the author of a Hebrew grammar, and lectures. 
He died at Greenland, N.H., Sept. 12, 1826. 
PEARSON, George Frederick, naval officer, 
was born in New Hampshire, Feb. 6, 1796. He 
was appointed to the U.S. navy as a midshipman, 
March 11, 1815; was promoted lieutenant, Jan. 
13, 1825; commanded the schooner Shark at 
Norfolk, Va., in 1839, and was stationed at the 
U.S. navy yard, Portsmouth, N.H., 1839-41. He 
was promoted commander, Sept. 8, 1841, com- 
manded the Falmouth at Norfolk, Va., 1852-53, 
and was promoted captain, Sept. 14, 1855. He 
commanded the steamer Powhatan in the East 
Indies, 1858-60, was placed on the retired list, 
Dec. 21, 1861, but served as commandant of the 
U.S. navy yard at Portsmouth, N.H., 1861-67. 
He was promoted commodore on the retired list, 
July 16, 1862, and rear-admiral, July 25, 1866. 
He died in Portsmouth, N.H., June 30, 1867. 
PEARSON, Jonathan, educator, was born in 
Chichester, N.H., Feb. 28, 1818; son of Caleb 
Pearson, a fifer in the Revolutionary army, and 
a descendant of John Pearson, a carpenter, who 
emigrated from England in 1648, and settled at 
Rowley, Mass. He was graduated at Union col- 
lege, N.Y., A.B., 1835, A.M., 1838; wasa tutor 
there, 1836-39; adjunct professor of chemistry 
and natural history, 1839-50; full professor, 
1850-57; professor of natural history, 1857-78, 
and of agriculture and botany, being also lib- 
rarian, 1873-87. He was treasurer of the col- 
lege, 1854-83. He devoted his leisure to historical 
and genealogical research, translated the records 
of Albany and Schenectady from Mohawk Dutch 
into English, and is the author of : Harly Records 
of the County of Albany (1869); Genealogy of the 
First Settlers of Albany (1872): Genealogies of tire 
First Settlers of Schenectady (1873); History of the 
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Schenectady 
(1880) ; History of the Schenectady Patent (1888). 
He died in Schenectady, N.Y., June 20, 1887. 
PEARSON, Joseph, representative, was born 
in Rowan county, N.C., about 1776 ; son of Rich- 
mond Pearson, who removed from Dinwiddie 
county, Va., to Rowan county, N.C., where 
Joseph was educated for the law. He practised 
in Salisbury, N.C.; was a member of the house 
of commons of North Carolina, 1804-05, and a 
Federalist representative in the 11th, 12th, and 
13th congresses, 1809-15. He fought a duel while 
a member of the 11th congress with Representa- 
tive John George Jackson (q.v.) of Virginia, and 
was severely wounded on the second fire. He 
was married three times: first, to a Miss Linn, 
secondly, to Ellen, daughter of R. Y. Brent of 


PEARSONS 


Washington, D.C., and thirdly, to Elizabeth 
Worthington of Georgetown, N.C, 
Salisbury, N.C., Oct. 27, 1834. 

PEARSON, Richmond, representative, was 
born at Richmond Hill, N.C., Jan. 26, 1852; son 
of Judge Richmond Mumford (q.v.) and Margaret 
(Williams) Pearson. He was graduated at the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, A.B., 1872, A.M., 1875, and was 
admitted to the bar of North Carolina in 1874, 
He served as U.S. consul at Belgium, 1874-77; 
was a representative in the North Carolina 
legislature in 1885 and in 1887, and an originator 
of the coalition which in 1894 overwhelmed 
the Democratic party in his state. 
married in 1882 to Gabrielle daughter of James 
Thomas of Richmond, Va. He was a Pro- 
tectionist and Republican representative from 
the ninth congressional district in the 54th, 55th 
and 56th congresses, 1895-1901, where he served 
as a member of the committee on foreign affairs 
and of the sub-committee, which drafted the 
house declaration of war against Spain, 1898. 
On Dec, 10, 1901, he was appointed U.S. consul at 
Geneva, Italy. 

PEARSON, Richmond Mumford, jurist, was 
born in Rowan county, N.C., June 28, 1805; son 
of Richmond (a student at the University of 
North Carolina, 1799) and Eliza (Mumford) 
Pearson, and grandson of Richmond Pearson, a 
native of Dinwiddie county, Va., who settled in 
Rowan county in early life, served in the Revolu- 
tionary war, and was afterward a merchant and 
planter. Richmond Mumford Pearson was _ pre- 
pared for college at Statesville, N.C., by John 
Mushat, and was graduated at the University of 
North Carolina, A.B., 1823, A.M., 1826. After 
studying law under Judge Archibald Henderson 
he was admitted to the bar in 1826. He was 
married in 1832 to Margaret, daughter of Col. 
John Williams (q.v.) of Knoxville, Tenn. He 
was a representative in the general assembly, 
1829-32 ; an unsuccessful candidate for represen- 
tative in the 24th congress in 1834; judge of the 
superior court of North Carolina, 1826-48 ; of the 
supreme court, 1848-58, and chief-justice, as 
successor to Chief-Justice Frederick Nash, 1858- 
78. For several years he conducted a large law 
school at Richmond Hill, N.C. He died at 
Winston, N.C., Jan. 6, 1878. 

PEARSONS, Daniel Kimball, philanthropist, 


was born in Bradford, Vt., April 14, 1820; son of — 


John and Hannah (Putnam) Pearsons; grand- 
son of John Putnam, and a descendant of Gen. 
Israel Putnam. He was a pupil at the public 
school, 1826-36 ; a teacher, 1836-41 ; was graduated 
from the medical college at Woodstock, Vt., 
M.D., in 1842, and practised in Chicopee, Mass., 
1849-53. He was married in August, 1847, to 
Marietta, daughter of Giles 8. Chapin of Chico- 


[184] 


He died at 


He was — 


‘ 
—— -—- —_—- ——-- 


a= 


_ : 








up as impossible at the estimated cost. 


PEARY 


pee, Mass. He engaged in farming in Ogle 
county, Ill., 1857-60, and in the real estate busi- 
ness in Chicago, IIL, 1860-87. He was alderman 
of the city of Chicago, 1873-76, and during the 
financial crisis when certificates of indebtedness 
were issued for the payment of city debts, he 
was largely instrumental in the restoration of 
the credit of the city. He retired from active 
business in 1887, but retained the directorship in 
the Chicago City Railway Co., and in other 
corporations. He gave sums of money aggregat- 
ing $3,500,000 to various educational and other 
institutions, including McCormick Theological 
seminary ; Chicago Theological seminary ; Lake 
Forest college; Beloit college; Yukon college, 
§$.D.; Mount Holyoke college; Drury college ; 
Colorado college, and Knox college. 

PEARY, Robert Edwin, explorer, was born in 
Cresson, Pa., May 6, 1856; son of Charles and 
Mary (Willey) Peary. Hisancestors were Maine 
lumbermen. His father died in 1858, and he 
removed with his mother to Portland, Maine, 
where he prepared 
for college. He was 
graduated from Bow- 
doin in 1877, second 
in aclass of fifty-one ; 
was a land surveyor 
in Fryeburg, Maine, 
1877-79, and was em- 
ployed in the U.S. 
coast and geodetic 
survey, Washington, 
D.C., 1879-81. In 
1881 he passed the 
navy department ex- 
mination for the ad- 
mission of civil en- 
gineers, and in the 
same year planned and built a new pier at Key 
West, Fla., at nearly $30,000 less than the previous 
estimate, though the contractors had given it 
He was 
in Nicaragua as sub-chief of the Inter-Oceanic 
canal survey, 1884-85, and after his return 
conceived the idea of making an arctic exploring 
expedition. In May, 1886, having obtained a six 
months’ leave of absence from the navy depart. 
ment, he started for Greenland, penetrating 
farther into the interior than any white man 
had ever gone before. After his return he was 
engineer-in-chief of the surveys of the Nicaragua 
canal, 1886-88, and in 1888 was sent to superin- 
tend the building of the new dry dock at the 
League Island navy yard, Philadelphia. In the 
Same year he was married to Josephine Diebitsch. 
Meanwhile he was devoting all his leisure to 





plans for future explorations, and in June, 1891, 


having obtained eighteen months’ leave of absence 


PEARY 


from the navy he started to discover the northern 
limits of Greenland and perhaps’ to reach the 
pole. He was accompanied by Mrs. Peary and a 
small party. Inthe spring of 1892 he started 
north witha single companion. In forty days 
they covered 600 miles, and on July 4 reached the 
rocky northern shore of Greenland which no 
man had ever seen before. .Peary named the 
hill on which the American flag was set up, 
‘* Navy Cliff” ; the bay he called ‘* Independence 
Bay ” in honor of the day, and the land visible 
across the bay ‘‘ Melville and Heilprin” lands. 
Returning, he reached McCormick Bay in August 
and thence the party sailed to New York. He was 
received with enthusiasm, was awarded several 
medals from learned societies, and the name Peary- 
land was suggested by Pettermann’s Mitteilungen 
and adopted for North Greenland. He at once 
planned another expedition, and securing a three 
years’ leave of absence, started on a lecturing tour 
tosecure funds. He spoke 168 times in 96 days, and 
thus earned $13,000, meanwhile dictating matter 
for hisbook. Healso obtained contributions from 
scientific societies, $2000 from a New York news- 
paper for letters, and a considerable sum from a 
book written by Mrs. Peary. After the Falcon had 
been chartered and the equipment provided, the 
funds were exhausted, and the deficiency was 
supplied by exhibiting the ship at various large 
cities. The expedition sailed in June, 1893, Mrs. 
Peary accompanying her husband. <A daughter, 
Marie, was born in Greeland in this year, and 
Mrs. Peary returned on the first relief ship, 
together with all the party, save Lieutenant Peary 
andtwomen. In April, 1895, they started to cross 
the ice-cap and after fearful hardships reached a 
latitude of 81° 47’, ten miles farther north than 
Peary had gone before, when they were forced to 
turn back for lack of provisions. In 1896 and 
1897 he made two voyages, discovering and 
bringing back the Cape York meteorites, the 
largest in the world, one of which weighed forty 
tons, In 1898 he lectured before the London 
Geographical society, and was the recipient of 
numerous honors. <A four years’ leave of 
absence from the navy was secured in 1897; the 
Peary Arctic club was formed, and in 1899 he 
started well equipped on his fifth expedition, 
which he stated would be his last. He arrived 
at Brigus, Newfoundland, Sept. 10, 1899, and 
spent the winter among the Eskimos at Etah, 
Greenland. During the first winter out, while 
on the march to Fort Conger, both his feet were 
frost-bitten, necessitating the amputation of 
seven toes. In 1900 he rounded the northern 
limit of the Greenland archipelago, the most 
northerly known land in the world; attained the 
highest latitude reached in the western hemis- 
phere, 80° 50 N., and determined the origin of 


[185] 


PEASE 


the so-called paleocrystic ice (floe-berg). He 
made an unsuccessful attempt to reach the pole 
in the spring of 1901; encamped at Cape Sabine 
in the winter of 1901-02, living among ,the 
Eskimos, whose customs he had _ thoroughly 
mastered, and having established ample caches 
of provisions along the route, was preparing to 
start for the pole in March, 1902, by way of 
Smith Sound and Kennedy and Robeson channels 
to Cape Hecla, planning to make his ‘ dash” 
from that point, about 500 miles south of the 
pole. After continuing his travels 150 miles he 
found insuperable natural obstacles preventing 
further progress and the attempt was abandoned 
when he was within 350 miles of the north pole. 
He found Greeley’s outfit and reached 84° 17' 
north latitude, the highest yet attained by any 
American. In the fall of 1902 he met the Wind- 
ward at Cape Sabine and arrived in Portland, 
Me., Sept. 23,1902. Lieutenant Peary attributed 
his failure to reach the pole to the fact that his 
ship was unequal to the requirements, and to his 
lack of sufficient money and time. In May, 
1902, the Geographical Society of Philadelphia 
awarded the Kane gold medal to Lieutenant 
Peary. 

PEASE, Calvin, educator, was born in Canaan, 
Conn., Aug. 12, 1818. He removed with his 
parents to Charlotte, Vt., in 1826, attended Hines- 
burgh academy, and was graduated from the 
University of Vermont, A.B., 1888, A.M., 1841. 
He was principal of the academy at Montpelier, 
Vt., 1838-42; professor of Latin and Greek at 
the University of Vermont, 1842-55, and librarian 
of the university, 1847-53. He was licensed to 
preach in 1851, and in December, 1853, was 
elected president of the University of Vermont, 
to succeed the Rev. Worthington Smith. He 
presided during the monetary crisis of 1857-58, 
and resigned on account of failing health in 
1861. He was pastor of the First Presbyterian 
church, Rochester, N.Y., 1861-63. He was a 
member of the Vermont board of education ; 
president of the Vermont Teachers’ association, 
and a member of the American Philosophical 
society. The honorary degree of D.D. was con- 
ferred on him by Middlebury college in 1856. He 
is the author of : A Discourse on the Import and 

‘alue of the Popular Lecturing of the Day(1840); 
Address Before the Medical Department of the 
University (1856); Bacealaureate Sermons (1856- 
60), and many contributions to the ‘“ Bibliotheca 
Sacra.” He died in Burlington, Vt.. Sept. 17, 1863. 

PEASE, Elisha Marshall, governor of Texas, 
was born at Enfield, Conn., Jan. 8, 1812; son of 
Lorain Thompson and Sarah (Marshall) Pease, 
and grandson of John Pease, a soldier in the Con- 
tinental army during the Revolutionary war. 
His first ancestors in America, Robert and Mar- 


PEASE 


garet Pease, emigrated from Great Baddow, | 


England, and settled in Boston in 1634. Elisha 


attended the district schools of Enfield and an 


academy at Westfield, Mass., and in 1826 obtained 
employment as a clerk in a country store. 


army in 1835, and engaged in the battle of Gon- 
zales. He was secretary of the provisional coun- 


cil of Texas, 1835-36 ; chief clerk of the navy and _ 
treasury departments, and for a short time act- | 
ed as secretary of the treasury. He was a mem- — 
ber of the committee that framed the state con- — 


stitution, and in November, 1836, was appointed 
clerk of the judiciary committee of the state leg- 
islature. He was admitted to the bar in April, 
1837, and practised in Brazoria, Texas. He was 
district attorney of Brazoria, and upon the an- 
nexation of Texas in 1845, a representative in the 


state legislature for two terms, and state senator 


in 1849. He was married in 1850 to L. C. Niles 
of Windsor, Conn. Hg was governor of Texas, 
1853-57, and during the civil 
war lived in retirement, be- 
ing opposed to secession. 
In 1866 he was a delegate to 
the convention of southern 
loyalists and chosen vice- 
president of the same. He 
was candidate for governor 
on the Union ticket being defeated by J. W. 
Throckmorton in 1866, but served as provisional 





governor by appointment of General Sheridan, — 
He retired from law practice in 1877 — 


1867-69. 
and was appointed collector of the port of Gal- 
veston, Texas, in 1879. He died at Lampasas 
Springs, Tex., Aug. 26, 1883. 

PEASE, Henry Roberts, senator, was born in 


Connecticut, Feb. 19, 1835. He received a normal — 


school training and engaged in teaching in 1848- 
59. He was admitted to the bar in 1859, and 
practised until 1861, when he entered the Union 
army as a private. He attained the rank of cap- 
tain and served principally on staff duty, and in 
1865 was appointed superintendent of education 
in Louisiana while the state was under military 
rule. He was appointed superintendent of edu- 
cation by the Freedmen’s bureau in Mississippi in 
1867; was active in the reconstruction of that 
state; was elected state superintendent of educa- 
tion in 1869, and was elected to the U.S. senate 
to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
Adelbert Ames, and served from Feb. 12, 1874, to 
March 3, 1875. He was appointed postmaster of 
Vicksburg, Miss., in 1875, but was soon removed 
for political reasons. 
The Mississippi Educational Journal, the pioneer 
of popular education in the south, and subse- 
quently removed to Dakota. 


[186] 


Hea 
removed to Mina, Col., in 1834; studied law with | 
Col. D. C. Barrett ; entered the Texan insurgent — 


He established and edited 


7 
, 
/ 

q 

S 


























) 
a 
> 


PEASLEE, Charles Hazen, representative, 
was born at Gilmanton, N.H., Feb. 6, 1804;.son 
of William and Hannah (Folsom) Peaslee ; grand- 
son of Robert and Ann (Hazen) Peaslee, and a 
descendant of Joseph and Mary (Johnson) Peas- 
lee, who emigrated from Wales to New Eng- 
land about 1635, settled in Newbury, Mass., pre- 
vious to 1642, and in Haverhill, Mass., about 1646. 
He was graduated at Dartmouth college, A.B., 
1824, A.M., 1827, studied law under Stephen 
Moody, and was admitted to the bar. He settled 
in practice in Concord, N.H., in 1828; was a rep- 
resentative in the state legislature, 1833-37, adju- 
tant and inspector-general of New Hampshire, 
1839-47, and Democratic representative from 
New Hampshire in the 30th, 81st and 32d con- 
gresses, 1847-53. He was appointed collector of 
the port of Boston, Mass., by President Pierce, 
April 1, 1853, and served until March 4, 1857, 
when he retired to Portsmouth, N.H. He was a 
trustee of the New Hampshire Asylum for the 
Insane and a director of the Concord railroad. 
He was married, Dec. 9, 1846, to Mrs. Mary A. L. 
Dana, daughter of Robert Harris of Portsmouth, 
N.H. He died in St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 20, 1866. 

PEASLEE, John Bradley, educationist and 
author, was born at Plaistow, N.H., Sept. 3, 1842 ; 
son of Reuben and Harriet (Willetts) Peaslee ; 
grandson of Joab and Elizabeth (Eaton) Peas- 
lee, and of John and Lavina (Smith) Willetts, 
and a descendant of Joseph Peaslee, the ‘‘ come- 
outer, ” who emigrated from England; settled 
in Newbury, Essex county, Mass., in 1635; with 
Thomas Whittier, an ancestor of the poet, laid 
out and surveyed Haverhill, Mass, in 1642, and 
removed to East Parish, Haverhill, in 1645. John 
B. Peaslee was educated at Atkinson and Gil- 
manton academies; was graduated from Dart- 
mouth, A.B., 1863, A.M., 1866, and from Cin- 
cinnati college, LL.B., in 1866. He was principal 
of the North grammar school, Columbus, Ohio, 
1863-64; first assitant of district and principal of 
district and intermediate schools, Cincinnati, 

1864-74, and superintendent of Cincinnati public 
schools, 1874-86. In 1879 he was awarded a di- 
ploma of life membership in the University of 
Turin for the exhibit of the Cincinnati schools at 
the Paris exposition of 1878. He inaugurated the 
celebration of ‘‘author day” and ‘“ arbor day,” 
and in 1882 the school children planted and dedi- 
cated to American authors a grove of six acres, 
now known as “ Authors’ Grove.” On Oct. 18, 
1889, the American Forestry congress planted an 
oak tree near Agricultural hall, Fairmount Park, 
Philadelphia, dedicating it to Dr. Peaslee in 
“recognition of his distinguished services in pro- 
motink the cause of popular forestry, and espe- 
cially in introducing the celebration of Arbor 
Day by the public schools of Cincinnati and 


PEASLEE 


PECK 


thereafter of the country.” He was a trustee of 
Miami university, 1871-79; clerk of the Hamilton 
county courts, 1888-95; president of the Ohio 
State Teachers’ association, 1886 ; president of the 
Ohio Forestry bureau, 1889-95; candidate for 
lieutenant-governor of Ohio, 1895 ; a life member 
of the National Council of Education and of the 
National Educational association ; director of the 
University of Cincinnati; president of the Ohio 
state board of examiners for teachers, and a 
director of the Ohio Humane society. His pub- 
lished works include: Reports of the Cincinnati 
Publie Schools (1874-86); Graded Selections for 
Memorizing (1882); Trees and Tree-planting, 
with Exercises and Directions for the Celebration 
of Arbor Day (1884); Moral and Literary Train- 
ing in Public Schools, an address (1881); German 
Instruction in Public Schools, an address (1889); 
Thoughts and Experiences In and Out of School 
(1900), and many articles in educational journals. 

PEATTIE, Elia Wilkinson, journalist and 
author, was born in Kalamazoo, Mich., Jan. 15, 
1862 ; daughter of Frederick and Amanda (Cahill) 
Wilkinson. She removed with her parents to 
Chicago, where she received a good education. 
She was married in 1883 to Robert Burns Peattie, 
a Chicago journalist, and was engaged in news- 
paper work with him, 1883-95, being a reporter 
on Chicago dailies, 1888-88, and an editorial 
writer for the Omaha World Herald, 1888-96. 
She returned to Chicago in 1896, and engaged in 
literature. Sheisthe author of: With Scrip and 
Staff (1891) ; A Mountain Woman (1896); Pip- 
pins and Cheese (1897); Love of Caliban (1897) ; 
The Shape of Fear (1898) ; “Ickery Ann (1899) ; 
The Beleaguered Forest (1901) ; How Jaques came 
into the Forest of Arden (1901), and many con- 
tributions to periodicals. 

PECK, Asahel, governor of Vermont, was born 
in Royalston, Mass., in September, 1803; son of 
Squire and Elizabeth (Goddard) Peck; grandson 
of John and Mary (Drown) Peck, and a descen- 
dant of Joseph and Rebecca (Clark) Peck. Joseph 
Peck, a native of Suffolk 
county, England, emigrated 
from Hingham, Norfolk 
county, to New England in 
the ship Diligent in 1638, 
settled in Hingham, Mass., 
and at Seekonk or Rehoboth, 
Mass., in 1645. Asahel Peck 
was taken to Montpelier, Vt., by lis parents in 
1803, attended the public schools irregularly, 1808- 
24, and the University of Vermont, 1824-26, but 
was not graduated. He studied French in the 
family of the president of a French college in 
Canada, and law under his brother, Nathan Peck, 
at Hinesburgh, and subsequently in the office of 
Bailey & Marsh, Burlington, Vt. He was ad- 





[187] 


PECK 


mitted to the bar in 1832, settled in practice in 
Montpelier and was at one time associated with 
Archibald Hyde and later with D, A. Smalley. 
He was originally a Democrat in politics, but in 
1848 became a Free Soiler, and a member of the 
convention at Buffalo that nominated Van Buren 
and Adams, and was subsequently active in or- 
ganizing the Republican party. He was judge of 
the circuit court of Vermont, 1851-57, judge of 
the supreme court of the state, 1860-74, and gov- 
ernor of Vermont, 1874-76. He retired to his 
farm in Jericho Vt., in 1876, where he died, May 
18, 1879. 

PECK, Elijah Wolsey, jurist, was born in 
Blenheim, Schoharie county, N. Y., Aug. 7, 
1799; son of David and Christiana (Minturn) 
Peck. He was educated for the profession of law 
and was admitted to the bar in 1824. He prac- 
tised law in Elyton, Ala., 1824-38 ; removed to 
Tuskaloosa, Ala., in 1838, and was chancellor of 
Alabama, 1839-40. He opposed secession in 1861 ; 
was chairman of the military reconstruction con- 
vention of 1867; was elected a judge of the su- 
preme court of Alabama, and chief-justice in 
1869, resigning in 1874, before the end of his term 
of office. He was married in 1828 to Lucy, 
daughter of Samuel and Lucy (Lamb) Randall 
of Talladega, Ala. He died at Tuskaloosa, Ala., 
Feb. 138, 1888. 

PECK, Ferdinand Wythe, commissioner, was 
born in Chicago, Ill., July 15, 1848 ; son of Philip 
F. W. and Mary Kent (Wythe) Peck. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1869. He engaged in 
philanthropic work in Chicago, was one of the 
founders of the Illinois Humane society ; presi- 
dent and a member of the board of governors of 
the Chicago Athenzeum, and president of the 
Chicago Auditorium association. He conceived 
and carried into completion the Chicago audi- 
torium and hotel. He was vice-president of the 
Chicago board of education for four years, being 
twice appointed by the mayor to that position. He 
was chairman of the finance committee, a vice- 
president of the World’s Columbian exposition 
and a member of the commission of five to visit 
Europe in the interest of the exposition. He 
was a trustee of the University of Chicago, 
1894-97. In 1898 he was appointed by President 
McKinley U. 8. commissioner-general to the 
Paris exposition of 1900, where he secured much 
additional space for American exhibits and con- 
cluded the plans for the execution of the bronze 
equestrian statue of Lafayette, executed’ by 
Paul Wayland Bartlett, paid for by popular sub- 
scriptions largely from school children in the 
United States and placed in the court of the 
Louvre at Paris. He was appointed a grand offi- 
cer of the Legion of Honor by the president of 
France in 1900. 


[188] 















































PECK 


PECK, George, clergyman and editor, was born 
in Middlefield, Otsego county, N. Y., Aug. 8, 
1797; son of Luther and Annis (Coller) Peck ; 
grandson of Jesse and Ruth (Hoyt) Peck, and a 
descendant of Henry Peck, who emigrated from 
England to America in the ship Hector in 1687 
and settled in New Haven, Conn., in 1638. 
George Peck attended the district school, and 
when nineteen years old became active as a 
Methodist preacher. He was pastor and presid- j 
ing elder in the Oneida conference, 1816-35; was 
principal of the Oneida conference seminary at 
Cazenovia, N. Y., 1885-39; editor of the Method- | 
ist Quarterly Review, 1840-48, and of the Christian 
Advocate, 1848-52. He returned to the Wyom-- 
ing, Pa., conference in 1852, and was pastor of the - 
church at Scranton and presiding elder of the 
Wyoming district, 1852-738. He was a member 
of thirteen general conferences, 1824-72, and a 
delegate to the first evangelical alliance in Lon- — 
don in 1846. He received the honorary degree 
A.M. from Wesleyan university in 1835, and D.D. 
from Augusta college, Kentucky, in 1840. He 
was married, June 10, 18/9, to Mary, daughter of 
Philip Myers of Kingston, Pa. Their sons, 
George Myers and Luther Wesley (q.v.), were 
clergymen. He is the author of: Universalism 
Examined (1826) ; History of the Apostles and 
Evangelists (1836); Seripture Doctrine of Chris- 
tian Perfection (1841); Rule of Faith (1844) ; 
Reply to Dr. Bascom’s Defence of American Slav- 
ery (1845) ; Manly Character (1852) ; Wyoming, 
Its History, Romantic Adventures, ete. (1858) ; 
Early Methodism, within the Bounds of the Old 
Genesee Conference (1860): Our Country, Its 
Trials and Its Triumphs (1865) ; Life and Times 
of the Rev. George Peck, D. D. (1874). He died 
in Scranton, Pa., May 20, 1876. 

PECK, George Wesley, educator, was born in 
Kingston, Pa., Feb. 7, 1849; son of the Rev. 
George Wesley and Abigail (Bennett) Peck, and 
grand-nephew of the Rev. George (q. v.) and 
Mary (Myers) Peck. He was educated in the 
public schools; was licensed to preach in 1872, 
and was graduated at Syracuse university, Ph. 
D., 1878. He was president of Hedding college, 
Abingdon, [ll., 1878-82; traveled in Europe and 
the Orient, 1882-88, and was in New York state 
as pastor in Buffalo, 1882-85, Medina, 1885-86, 
Danville, 1886-91, Rochester, 1891-96, and Buf- 
falo, from 1896. He was a delegate to the Metho- 
dist Ecumenical conference in London in 1881 
He was married, June 11, 1890, to Ina Merle Car- 
ter of Adams, N. Y. He received the degrees of 
A.B. and A.M. from Illinois Wesleyan university 
in 1879 and that of LL. D. from Hedding college 
in 1882. Heis the author of: The Realization 
and Benefit of Ideals (1879) ; Walk in the Light 
(1882), and Life of Jesse T. Peck (1887). 








ia PECK ° 

PECK, George Wilbur, governor of Wiscon- 
sin, was born in Jefferson county, N.Y., Sept. 28, 
1840; son of David B. and Alzina Peck. He at- 
tended the public schools, and in 1855 went to 
Wisconsin, entering the printing office of the 
Whitewater Register. He assisted in establish- 
ing the Jefferson County Republican; was em- 
ployed by the State Journal, Madison ; enlisted 
in the Federal army as a private ; served, 1861-66, 
being one year in Texas after the war, and at- 
tained the rank of 2d lieutenant. He was mar- 
ried in 1860 to Francena Rowley of Delavan, Wis. 
He established the Ripon Representative in 1866 
and soon afterward removed to New York, where 
he was one of the editors of Pomeroy’s Democrat. 
He subsequently edited the La Crosse edition of 
the Democrat, called the La Crosse Democrat, 
aud in 1878 published Peck’s Sun in Milwaukee, 
Wis., which gained a wide reputation for its hu- 
morous character. He was chief of police of La 
Crosse, 1874-75, and chief clerk of the state assem- 
bly in 1874. He was mayor of Milwaukee, 1890- 
91, and governor of the state of Wisconsin, 1891- 
95. He is the author of: Peck’s Bad Boy and 
his Pa, and The Groceryman and Peck’s Bad 

Boy: a Continuation of Peck’s Bad Boy. 
PECK, Harry Thurston, editor and author, 
was born in Stamford, Conn., Nov. 24, 1856; son 
of Harry and Elizabeth (Thurston) Peck ; grand- 
son of Turney and Rebecca (Burr) Peck), and of 
John Gates and Harriet (Lee) Thurston, and a 
descendant from Daniel Thurston of Gloucester- 
shire, England, and later of Newbury, Mass., who 
died in 1693. He attended a private school in 
Greenwich, Conn., and was graduated from Co- 
lumbia college, A.B., 1881, A.M., 1882, L.H.D., 
1884. He was a university fellow of Columbia, 
1881-83; tutor in Latin, 1882-85, and studied at 
the University of Berlin in 1888. He was mar- 
ried, April 26, 1882, to Nellie MacKay, daughter 
of Charles and Mary E. (MacKay) Dawbarn. He 
was instructor in Latinand Semitic languages at 
Columbia, 1886-88; acting professor of Latin, 
1886-88, and became professor of Latin in 1888, The 
degree of Ph.D. was conferred on him by Cumber- 
land university in 1883. He was secretary of the 
University Council of Columbia in 1892, and of the 
Faculty of Arts from 1894. He was editor of the 
Bookman from 1895; literary editor of the New 
York Commercial Advertiser, 1897-1901 ; member 
of the general editorial staff of the same journal 
from 1902; editor of ‘* Harper’s Dictionary of 
Classical Literature and Antiquities” (1896) ; 
“The International Cyclopedia” (15 vols., 1890- 
1902) ; “ The New International Encyclopedia ” 
Gok 1902; the ‘*Student’s Series of Latin 
ics” (1892-1902); ** American Atlas of the 
World * (1892) ; ** Library of the World’s Litera- 
ture” (1896), and ‘‘ Masterpieces of Literature ” 


PECK 


(1899). He translated ‘‘Trimalchio’s Dinner ” 


-(1898), and is the author of: The Personai Equa- 


tion (1897); The Semitic Theory of Creation 
(1886) ; Latin Pronunciation (1890) ; The Adven- 
tures of Mabel (1896) ; What is Good English ? 
(1899) ; Greystone and Porpyhry (1900.) 

PECK, Jesse Truesdell, M. E. bishop, was 
born in Middlefield, N.Y., April 4, 1811; son of 
Luther and Annis (Coller) Peck, and brother of 
the Rev. George Peck (q.v.). He was educated 
at the Oneida Conference seminary, Cazenovia, 
N.Y., and was licensed as a local preacher in 
1829. He was married, Oct. 13, 1881, to Persis, 
daughter of Capt. David Wing of West Dennis, 
Mass. ; was admitted to the Oneida conference, 
July 12, 1852, and was pastor of the churches at 
Dryden, Newark Valley, Skaneateles and Pots- 
dam, N.Y., 1832-37. He was principal of the 
Gouverneur Wesleyan seminary, 1837-41; of the 
Troy Conference academy, Poultney, Vt., 1841- 
48; president of Dickinson college, Carlisle, Pa., 
1848-52; pastor of 
the Foundry church, 
Washington, D.C., 
1852-54 ; secretary 
and editor of the 
Tract Society of the 
Methodist Episcopal 
church, 1854-56, and 
pastor of the Green 
Street church, New 
York city, 1856-58. 
He was transferred 
to California in 1858, 
and was pastor and 
presiding elder in 
San Francisco, Sac- 
ramento and Santa 
Clara, 1858-66, also president of the board of 
trustees of the University of the Pacific and of 
the State Bible society. Hewas pastor at Peeks- 
kill, Albany and Syracuse, N.Y., respectively, 
1866-72 ; a founder of Syracuse university, presi- 
dent of its board of trustees and chairman of the 
building committee. He was elected bishop of 
the Methodist Episcopal church in 1872, and made 
a tour of Europe in 1881, holding conferences and 
studying educational systems. He was a mem- 
ber of several general conferences and a delegate 
to the Methodist Ecumenical conference in Lon- 
don in 1881. He received the degree of A.M. 
from Wesleyan university in 1838, D.D. from 
University college in 1846, and LL.D. from Will- 
amette university in 1875. He is the author of : 
The Central Idea of Christianity (1855); The True 
Woman (1857); What Must I Do to be Saved 
(1858), and History of a Great Republic, con- 
sidered from a Christian Standpoint (i868). He 
died in Syracuse, N.Y., May 17, 1888. 





[189] 


PECK 


PECK, John Hudson, educator, was born in 
Hudson, N. Y., Feb. 7, 1838; son of Judge Darius 
and Harriet Matilda (Hudson) Peck; grandson 
John and Sarah (Ferris) Peck and of Horace and 
Sarah (Robinson) Hudson, and a descendant of 
William Peck, who emigrated to America in 
1638 and was one of the original founders of the 
colony of New Haven. He attended the Hudson 
Classical institute and was graduated from 
Hamilton college in 1859. He was admitted to 
the bar at Albany, N. Y., in 1861, and practised in 
partnership with his preceptor, Jeremiah Romeyn, 
in Troy, N. Y., until 1867, and with Cornelius L. 
Tracy, another preceptor, until 1888. He was 
married, Aug. 7, 1883, to Mercy Plum, daughter of 
Nathaniel Mann of Milton, N. Y. He was made 
a trustee of Troy Female seminary in 1883, and 
of the diocese of Albany, and was president of 
the Rensselaer Polytechnic institute, 1888-1900. 
The honorary degree of LL. D. was conferred on 
him by Hamilton college in 1889. 

PECK, John James, soldier, was born in Man- 
lius, N.Y., Jan. 4, 1821. He was graduated from 
the U.S. Military academy in 1843 and assigned 
to the artillery. He was promoted 2d lieutenant, 
April 16, 1846, and was engaged in the battles of 
Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey, Vera 
Cruz, Cerro Gordo, and the assault and capture 
of the city of Mexico, 1846-47. He was promoted 
first leutenant, March 3, 1847; was brevetted 
captain, Aug. 20, 1847, for gallant and meritorious 
conduct in the battles of Contreras and Cheru- 
busco; major, Sept. 8, 1847, for gallant and mer- 
itorious conduct at the battle of Molino Del Rey, 
and was presented with a sword on his return to 
New York in 1848. He was engaged in scouting 
and frontier duty, 1849-53. He resigned his com- 
mission in the army, March 81, 1853; was treas- 
urer of a projected railroad from New York to 
Syracuse via Newburg, N.Y., 1853-60 ; cashier of 
Burnet bank, Syracuse, N.Y., 1853-61, and pres- 
ident of the board of education, 1859-61. He en- 
tered the U. 8. volunteer army as brigadier-gen- 
eral, Aug. 9, 1861, and served in the defences of 
Washington, 1861-62. He commanded the 2d 
and 1st brigades, 1st division, 4th army corps, 
during the Virginia Peninsular campaign, March- 
July, 1862, being engaged in the siege of York- 
town and in the battles of Williamsburg and Fair 
Oaks. In the operations of the seven days’ bat- 
tles before Richmond on the change of base to the 
James river, June 26-July 2, 1862, he commanded 
the 2d division, 4th corps. He was promoted ma- 
jor-general U.S. volunteers, July 4, 1862, and his 
division of about 9,000 men, augmented, March 
31, 1863, to 15,000, and April 80 to nearly 25,000, 
embracing all the Federal troops in Virginia 
south of the James river. He was engaged in the 
operations about Suffolk, Va., and its defences, 


[190] 


PECK 














































September, 1862, to May, 1864. Suffolk was in- 
vested by Longstreet, April 11, 1863, and this led 
to the transfer of the Army of the James to 
Peck’s support. He was in command in North Car- 
olina, 1863-64, and of the department of the east, 
with headquarters at New York, 1864-65. He was 
mustered out Aug. 24, 1865, and returned to Syra- 
cuse, where he organized and became president 
of the New York State Life Insurance company 
in 1866. He died inSyracuse, N.Y., April 28, 1878, 
PECK, John Mason, pioneer clergyman, was 
born at South Farms, Litchfield, Conn., Oct. 31, 
1789. He removed to Windham, N.Y., in 181 J 
and became a Baptist preacher at New Durham, 
N.Y. Hewas ordained, June 9, 1813, and preach- 
ed in Catskill and Amenia, N.Y., 1813-15. He 
studied mission work under Dr. Stoughton at 
Philadelphia, Pa., in 1815, and was subsequently 
appointed a missionary to St. Louis, Mo., preach- 
ing through Missouri and Illinois, 1817-26. He 
made a home in Rock Spring, Ill., in 1822, where 
he established in 1826 the Rock Spring seminary 
for training teachers and preachers, which be- 
came Shurtleff college in 1835, and was located 
at Upper Alton, Ill. He travelled 6,000 miles and 
collected $20,000 to endow this institution. He 
established and published the Western Pioneer 
and Baptist, the first official organ of the Baptist 
church in the west, 1828 ; helped to organize the 
American Baptist Home Missionary society im | 
1831; established and edited the Illinois Sunday — 
School Banner, and was one of the originators 
and chief factors in establishing the theolo- — 
gical institution at Covington, Ky. He was 
corresponding secretary and financial agent 0: 
the American Baptist Publication society, 1843- 
45, and held pastorates in Missouri, Illinois and 
Kentucky, 1845-58. He received the honorary 
degrees A. M. from Brown in 1835, and D.D. from 
Harvard in 1852. He contributed to the his- 
torical societies of the northwestern states and 
territories, and is the author of: A Guide fo 
Emigrants (1831); Gazetteer of Illinois (1834 
New Guide for Emigrants to the West (18 
Father Clark, or the Pioneer Preacher (1855); Li 
of Daniel Boone in Sparks’s ‘* American Biogra 
phy,” and edited thesecond edition of ‘* Annals oz | 
the West: Forty Years of Pioneer Life”; “ Me 
moir of John Mason Peck, edited from his Jow 
nals and Correspondence” (1864) by the Re 
Rufus Babcock. He died in Rock Spring, II 
March 15, 1858. i 
PECK, Lucius B., representative, was born in | 
Waterbury, Vt., in October, 1802 ; son of Gen. John 
and Anna (Benedict) Peck; grandson of Jol 
and Mary (Drown) Peck, and a descendant in the 
seventh generation of Joseph Peck, who came _ 
from Hingham, Norfolk: county, England, 
Hingham, Mass., in 1638. He was admitted to | 








PECK 


the U.S. Military academy as a cadet, July 1, 


4822, but left after one year’s study on account of 


ill health and studied law with Judge Samuel 
Prentiss at Montpelier and with Dennison Smith 
at Barre, with whom he formed a partnership im- 
mediately after his admission to the bar in Sept- 
ember, 1825. He was married, May 10, 1882, to 
Martha, daughter of Ira Day of Barre, Vt. He rep- 
resented Barre inthe state legislature in 1831; 
removed to Montpelier and practised law there, 
1832-63, the later years of his life in partnership 
with B. F. Fifield. He was a Democratic repre- 
sentative from the second district of Vermont in 
the 30th and 3lst congresses, 1847-51, and U.S. 
district attorney for Vermont, 1853-57. He was 
the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for gov- 
ernor of Vermont in two elections, and president 
of the Vermont and Canada railroad, 1859-66. 
He died suddenly in Lowell, Mass., Dec. 28, 1866. 
PECK, Luther Wesley, clergyman,was born in 
Kingston, Pa., June 14,1825; son of the Rev.George 
(q.v.) and Mary (Myers) Peck. He attended the 
Wesleyan university, 1841-42, was graduated 
from the University of the City of New York, 
A.B., 1845, A.M. 1849; studied theology, and 
joined the New York conference on trial in 1845. 
He was stationed at Brooklyn, Durham, Rhine- 
beck, Newburg, Poughkeepsie, Kingston, Mid- 
dleton and smaller places, 1845-66, and in the 
Wyoming conference where he was presiding 
elder of the Honesdale district, 1875-79. He was 
married, Jan. 18, 1848, to Sarah Maria, daughter 
of Dr. Ransom H. Gibbons of Dormansville, N.Y. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon 
him by the University of the City of New York 
in 1878. His pastorate covered a period of forty- 
five years and he retired in 1891. He was an ex- 
tensive contributor to the National Magazine, 
Quarterly Review, and Ladies’ Repository ; edited 
“A View from Campbell’s Ledge in Wyoming,” by 
his father, and is the author of : The Golden Age 
(1858); The Burial of Lincoln, a poem in Jesse T. 
Peck’s ‘‘ History of the Great Republic,” and The 
Flight of the Humming Birds, a poem (1895). 
He died at Scranton, Pa., March 31, 1900. 
PECK, Samuel Minturn, poet, was born in 
Tuscaloosa, Ala., Nov. 4, 1854; son of Elijah 
Wolsey and Lucy (Randall) Peck, and grandson 
of David and Christiana (Minturn) Peck, and 
of Samuel and Lucy (Lamb) Randall. He at- 
tended the public schools; was graduated from 
the University of Alabama in 1876; studied medi- 
eine, and was graduated from Bellevue Hospital 
Medical college, N.Y., M.D., in 1879. He never 
practised his profession, but devoted himself to 
literary work, contributing his first work, a lyric 
entitled The Orange Tree, to the New York Even- 
ing Post in 1878. He published long and short 
Stories in the leading periodicals and also com- 


PECKHAM 


posed numerous lyrics, including: A Knot of Blue ; 
The, Dimple in her Cheek ; Cupid at Court; My 
Little Girl, and The Grape Vine Swing, all of 
which have been set to music. Among his pub- 
lished volumes are: Cap and Bells (1886) ; Rings 
and Love Knots (1893), and Rhymes and Roses 
(1895), all poems. 

PECKHAM, Mary Chase Peck, author, was 
bornat Nantucket, Mass., July 15, 1839; daughter 
of Charles Miller and Adriana (Fisher) Peck ; 
granddaughter of Philip and Abigail (Chase) 


Peck and of Rufus and Mary (Pease) Fisher, and 


great-granddaughter of Capt. Jonathan Peck, a 
Revolutionary officer. She attended the Provi- 
dence high schooland taught schools in that city, 
1857-65. She was married, June 13, 1865, to 
Stephen F, Peckham (q.v.) and accompanied him 
to Southern California. On their return to Pro- 
vidence in 1866, she engaged in literary work, 
and in 1873, removing to Minneapolis, Minn., 
devoted herself to philanthropy. She was a mem- 
ber of the Rhode Island Woman Suffrage asso- 
ciation and of the Association for the Advance- 
ment of Women. She isthe author of : Father 
Gabriel’s Fairy (1873), and Windfalls Gathered 
Only for Frvends (1894). She died at Ann Arbor, 
Mich., March 20, 1892. 

PECKHAM, Rufus Wheeler, jurist, was born 
in Rensselaerville, N.Y., Dec. 20, 1809; son of 
Peleg and Desire (Watson) Peckham ; and grand- 
son of Benjamin, Jr., and Mary (Hazard) Peck- 
ham. His parents removed to Cooperstown, 
N.Y., where he was prepared for college. He was 
graduated from Union in 1827; studied law ; 
was admitted to the bar, and in 1830 established 
himself in practice in Albany, N.Y. He was 
appointed district attorney of Albany county, 
1835 ; was a Democratic representative in the 383d 
congress, 1853-55, and in June, 1855, resumed his 
law practice in partnership with Judge Lyman 
Tremain. He was a justice of the New York su- 
preme court, 1859-70, and a judge of the court of 
appeals, 1870-73. The honorary degree of LL.D. 
was conferred on him by Union college in 1870. He 
married in 1832, Isabella, daughter of the Rey. 
William B. and Hannah Lacey of Albany, N.Y. 
She died April 4, 1848, and in February, 1862, he 
married Mary E. Foote of Brooklyn, N.Y. His 
health failing, he sailed for France with his wife, 
and both perished in the wreck of the Ville du 
Havre, Noy. 22, 1873. 

PECKHAM, Rufus Wheeler, associate justice 
of the United States supreme court, was born in 
Albany, N.Y., Nov. 8, 1838; son of Judge Rufus 
Wheeler and Isabella (Lacey) Peckham. He 
attended school in Albany, N.Y., and in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., and studied law with his father, be- 
ing admitted to the bar in December, 1859. He 
was married, Nov. 14, 1866, to Harriette, daughter 


[191] 


PECKHAM 


of Dan H. and Harriette Maria (Welles) Arnold of 
New York city. He was district attorney of 
Albany county, N.Y., 1868; corporation counsel 
of the city of Albany in 1880-81, and a justice of 
the supreme court of 
the state of New 
York, 1883-86, resign- 
ing in 1886 to accept 
the office of judge of 
the court of appeals. 
He was appointed, 
Dec. 8, 1895, by Presi- 
dent Cleveland to 
fill the vacancy on 
the bench of the 
HS Gah NNW «6 U.S. supreme court, 
OMAN 1) Ys caused by the death 
ONIN 27 , of Justice Howell E. 
Vij dé, WY) Jackson, his appoint- 
z IEEE ES ‘ment being duly con- 
firmed by the senate. 
The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on 
him by Union college in 1894; by Yale university 
in 1896, and by Columbia university in 1901. 
PECKHAM, Samuel Wardwell, librarian, was 
born in Providence, R.I., July 5, 1814; son of 
Thomas and Sarah (Wardwell) Peckham. His 
father, collector of the port of Providence for 
many years, was a descendant of the Peck- 
hams, who were Quakers, and among the first 
settlers of Aquidneck. He was graduated from 
Brown university, A.B., 1832, A.M., 1835 ; taught 
school; studied law with Chief-Justice Richard 
W. Greene, and was admitted to the bar in 1836. 
He was librarian of the Providence Athenzeum, 
1836-38 ; secretary, 1836-45 and 1856-57, and one 
of its constant directors, and was a member of 
the school committee, 1845-49 and 1855-57. He 
was married in 1846 to. Margaret, daughter of 
Jacob and Mary Wanton (Lyman) Dunnell. She 
died of small-pox in 1849. Mr. Peckham was 
justice and clerk of the court of magistrates, 
1846-53 ; a representative in the state assembly 
in 1854 ; justice of the police court, 1857-69 ; clerk 
of the municipal court during the summer of 
1857, and master in chancery for over thirty 
years. He declined his election as president of 
the Athenzeum in 1888, but consented to serve 
in 1889 and was annually re-elected. Upon his 
death he bequeathed $4,000 to the Rhode Island 
hospital to establish a free bed in memory of his 
wife. He was a member of the First Congrega- 
tional (Unitarian) society, 1845-95, and its presi- 
dent for several years. He is the author of: Re- 
ports of the Providence Athenceum (1844, 1850, 
1883 and 1886) ; Verses in Various Moods and on 
Various Occasions, and valuable contributions to 
library literature. He died in Providence, R.I., 
June 29, 1895. 





f 
PECKHAM 


PECKHAM, Stephen Farnum, chemist, was 
born at Fruit Hill, North Providence, R.L, 
March 26, 1839; son of Charles and Hannah 
Lapham (Farnum) Peckham; grandson of 
Thomas Peckham of Providence, R.I., and a 
descendant of John Peckham of Newport, R.L, 
1638, of Jolin Howland of the Mayflower and of 
Richard Scott, the first Quaker in Rhode Island, 
He attended the district schools and the Friends 
boarding school at Providence, and _ studied 
chemistry at Brown university. In 1861 he en- 
gaged in erecting an establishment for the manu- 
facture of illuminating oil from petroleum. He 
enlisted in the Federal army, Aug. 15, 1862, as 
hospital steward of the 7th R.I. regiment, and in 
1864 had charge of the chemical department of 
the U. 8S. army laboratory at Philadelphia, being 
honorably discharged, May 26, 1865. He was 
chemist of the California Petroleum company, 
Santa Barbara county, Cal., 1865-66 ; a member 
of the California Geological survey, 1866-67, and 
prepared a report on the ‘Oil Interests of 
Southern California ;” wasan instructor in chem- 
istry at Brown university, 1867-68 ; professor of 
chemistry at Washington college, Pa., 1868-69; 
professor of chemistry at the Maine State College 
of Agriculture, 1869-71 ; at Buchtel college, Ohio, 
1871-72, and at the University of Minnesota, 
1872-80. He returned to Providence in 1881. He 
was chemist of the Minnesota Geological survey ; 
special agent of the U.S. census office, 1880-85; 
state assayer of Maine, Rhode Island and Minne- 


sota, and chemist of the Union Oil company of 


California, 1893-94. He investigated the problem 
of street paving with asphaltum and read a paper 
on the subject before the congress of chemists at 
the Columbian exposition. He made wide re- 
searches into the subject of bitumens and became 
a recognized expert, being for a number of years 
chemist to the commissioners of accounts of the 
city of New York. He was married, June 18, 
1865, to Mary Chace, daughter of Charles Miller 
and Adriana (Fisher) Peck of Providence, R.L 
She died in Ann Arbor, Mich., Mar. 20, 1892. He 
was elected a member of the New York Academy 
of Sciences in 1876; a fellow of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science in 
1870 ; a member of the Society of Chemical In- 
dustry in 1898 ; the'American Philosophical society 
in 1897, and the American Chemical society in 1898. 
The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred on 
him by Brown university in 1870. He is the 
author of : Elementary Text Book on Chemistry 
(1873) ; a monograph on Petroleum and its Pro- 
ducts for the ‘‘ Tenth Census of the United States” 
(1885) ; an article on Petroleum for the last 
original edition of the ‘‘ Encylopedia Britannica” 
(1885), and many contributions to current 
scientific literature. 


e 


[192] 


| ee 


> 














PEEL 


PEEL, Samuel W., representative, was born 
near Batesville, Independence county, Ark., 
Sept. 18, 1831; son of John W. and Elizabeth 
Peel; grandson of Richard Peel, who with his 
brothers, John, Thomas and James, sons of 
Thomas Peel, an immigrant from Ireland to Vir- 
ginia and thence to Kentucky with Daniel Boone, 
settled in Batesville in 1815, Samuel W. received 
a common school education and was clerk of the 
Carroll county court, 1858-61; was major of the 
8d Arkansas militia in the state service in 1861 ; 
colonel of the 4th Arkansas volunteers, Confed- 
erate service, 1862-65, and saw service at Wilson’s 
Creek, Prairie Grove, and in later engagements. 
He read law with his brother-in-law, Judge J. M. 
Pitman, and came to the bar in 1866. He was 
married, Jan. 30, 1853, to Mary E., sister of Senator 
J. H. Berry (q.v.), and practised law in Benton- 
ville, Ark., in partnership with his brother-in- 
law, who removed to Bentonville in 1869. He 
was prosecuting attorney for the fourth judicial 
circuit, 1873-76, and Democratic representative 
from the fifth district of Arkansas in the 48th- 
52d congresses, 1883-93, serving as chairman of the 
committee on Indian affairs in the 50th and 52d 
congresses. 

PEELLE, Stanton Judkins, jurist, was born 
in Wayne county, Ind., Feb. 11, 1843; son of 
John Cox and Ruth (Smith) Peelle; grandson of 
William and Sally (Cox) Peelle, and of Eleazer 
and Ruth (Davis) Smith. He attended the public 
schools in Wayne and Randolph counties, Ind., 
and a seminary in Winchester, Ind., until the 
outbreak of the civil war, when he joined the 8th 
Indiana volunteers as corporal. Heserved at Pea 
Ridge, and for meritorious conduct in that battle 
was promoted 2d lieutenant, 57th Indiana volun- 
teers, Dec. 10, 1862, and took part in the battle at 
Stone’s River, Tenn., serving on the left wing in 
General Crittenden’s corps, and was slightly 
wounded. He was admitted to the bar, 1866; 
practised at Winchester, Ind., 1866-69, and re- 
moved to Indianapolis in 1869. He was twice 


married; first, July 16, 1867, to Lou R. Perkins, 


daughter of Jonathan Perkins of South Bend, 
Ind., and secondly, Oct. 16, 1878, to Arabella, 
daughter of Judge Milton C. Canfield of Pains- 
ville, Ohio. He was a representative in the In- 
diana legislature, 1877-79 ; a representative from 
the seventh district in the 47th and 48th con- 
gresses, 1881-85; alternate delegate from the 
State at large to the Republican national conven- 
tion of 1888, and was chosen a delegate to that of 
1892, but did not serve, having been appointed, 
March 28, 1892, a judge of the U.S. court of 
claims and took the oath of office, April 7, 1892. 
He also was elected a professor in the law de- 
partment of the Columbian university at Wash- 
ington, D.C., a trustee of Howard university and 
a member of the board of managers of the Young 
Men’s Christian association of Washington, D.C. 


was graduated at 
Vile be. | «1822; 
‘A.M., 1825; was a 


PEET 


PEERS, Benjamin Orr, educator, was born in 
Loudoun county, Va., April 20,1800 ; son of Maj. 
Valentine Peers, a native of Ireland and soldier 
in the Revolutionary army, who married Elea- 
nor, daughter of John Alexander and Susannah 
(Grayson) Orr, and a descendant of the Rev. 
Alexander and Agnes (Dalrymple) Orr from 
Scotland. His parents removed to Kentucky in 
18038. He was graduated at the Transylvania 
university in 1821, and entered Princeton Theolo- 
gical seminary, but left at the close of his first 
year. He afterward took orders in the Protes- 
tant Episcopal church, and settled in Lexington, 
Ky., where he established the Eclectic institute of 
which he was principal, 1824-27. He was presi- 
dent of Transylvania university, 1833-35; de- 
voted himself to furthering education in Ken- 
tucky, and established the public school system 
of the state. He edited the Sunday school publi- 
cations of the Episcopal church and the Journal 
of Christian Education, New York city. He is 
the author of National Education Suited to the 
United States (1838). He died in Louisville, Ky., 
Aug. 20, 1842. 

PEET, Harvey Prindle, educator, was born in 
Bethlehem, Conn., Nov. 19, 1794; son of Richard 
and Joanna (Prindle) Peet. He attended the 
district schools, and in 1810 engaged in teaching, 
thereby earning the money to prepare for college 
at Phillips academy, as 
Andover, Mass. He 


teacher in the Amer- 
ican Asylum for the 
Deaf and Dumb 
at Hartford, Conn., 
1822-31; principal of gf 
the New York Insti- 9")! 
tution for the Deaf 
and Dumb in New 
York city, 1831-67; 
president of the board 
of directors fourteen 
years, and emeritus 
principal of that institution, 1867-73. Under 
his direction the New York institution grew to 
be the largest and the most successful in the 
world. He was married, Nov. 27, 1823, to Mar- 
garet Maria, daughter of the Rev. Isaac Lewis, 
D.D.; secondly, in 1835, to Sarah Ann, daughter 
of Dr. Matson Smith, and thirdly, Jan. 15, 1868, 
to Mrs. Louisa P. Hotchkiss. He received the 
degree LL.D. from the regents of the University 
of the State of New York in 1849, and that of 
Ph.D. from Gallaudet college in 1871. Of his 
sons, Isaac Lewis (q.v.) succeeded him as princi- 
pal of the institute ; Edward (1826-1862,) was 
an instructor in the institute, 1848-62, and Dud- 
ley (1830-1862), was a practising physician and also 





[193] 


PEET 


assisted his father as an instructor in the in- 
stitute. He prepared a series of elementary 
books for deaf mutes, entitled Course of Instruc- 
tion for the Deaf and Dumb (1844-46); contributed 
articles on his Specialty to the American Journal 
of Insanity, and to the American Annals for the 
Deaf and Dumb, and is the author of : Seripture 
Lessons for the Deaf and Dumb (1846) ; Statistics 
of the Deaf and Dumb (1852) ; Report on Educa- 
tion of the Deaf and Dumb in Higher Branches 
(1852) ; Letters to Pupils on Leaving the New 
York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb (1854) ; 
Legal Rights, ete., of the Deaf and Dumb (1856), 
and History of the United States of America 
(1869). He died in New York city, Jan. 1, 1878. 
PEET, Isaac Lewis, educator, was born in 
Hartford, Conn., Dec. 4, 1824; son of Harvey 
Prindle (q.v.) and Margaret Maria (Lewis) Peet. 
He was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1845, A.M., 1849, 
and at Union Theological seminary, 1849, but was 
never ordained. He became instructor at the New 
York Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, conducted 
by his father, 1845; vice-principal in 1854 ; prin- 
cipal in 1867, when his father retired, and was 
retired as principal emeritus in 1892, He was 
married, June 27, 1854, to Mary, daughter of 
Alvah Toles of Forestville, N.Y. He received 
the honorary degree of LL.D. from Columbia in 
1872. Dr. Peet was president of the Medico- 
Legal society of New York, 1886, and author of: 
A Monograph on Decimal Fractions ; Language 
Lessons for the Deaf and Dumb, and Manual of 
Vegetable Physiology, and revised and enlarged 
Dr. Dudley Peet’s ‘‘ Manual of Inorganic Chemis- 
try.” He died in New York city, Dec. 27, 1898. 
PEET, Stephen Denison, archeologist, was 
born in Euclid, Ohio, Dec. 2, 1880; sonof Stephen 
and Martha (Denison) Peet; grandson of Elijah 
and Betsey (Leavenworth) Peet and of Amos and 
Hannah (Williams) Denison, and a descendant 
from Capt. George Denison of the King Philip 
war, and from John (1597-1678) and Sarah (Os- 
borne) Peet. He was graduated from Beloit col- 
lege, A.B., 1851, A.M., 1854, Ph.D. 1896; studied 
theology at the Yale Divinity school, 1851-53, and 
was graduated from Andover Theological semin- 
ary in 1854. He was ordained to the Congrega- 
tional ministry in February, 1855, and was pastor 
at Genessee, Wis., 1855-57; New London, Wis., 
1857-59 ; Fox Lake, Wis., 1860-63 ; Racine, Wis., 
1864-65; Elkhorn, Wis., 1865-66; New Oregon, 
Towa, 1866-68 ; Chatham, Ohio, 1869-72 ; Ashta- 
bula, Ohio, 1873-76; Clinton, Wis., 1879-88, and 
Mendon, Hl., 1888-92. He removed to Chicago 
1897. He was elected a member of the American 
Oriental society ; the American Antiquarian 
society ; the Victoria Institute of Great Britain ; 
the American Historical society ; the American 
Numismatic society cf New York, and a fellow of 


[194] 






































PEFFER . 


the American Association for the Advancement 
of Science. He founded and edited the American — 
Antiquarian and Oriental Journal, 1879-1902; 
published the Oriental and Biblical Journal in 
1881, and isthe author of: The Ashtabula Disaster 
(1879) ; History of Ashtabula County, Ohio (1879); 
History of Early Missions in Wisconsin (1886) ; 
Religious Belief of the Aborigines of North 
America (1886) ; Myths and Symbols (1887) ;_ 
Emblematic Mounds and Animal Effigies (1890) ;_ 
The Mound Builders ; Their Works and Relies 
(1892) ; History of the Explorations in the Mis- 
sissippt Valley (1896) ; Cliff Dwellers and Pue- 
blos (1899); Ancient Monuments and Ruined 
Cities (1902). 4 

PEFFER, William Alfred, senator, was born | 
in Cumberland county, Pa., Sept. 10, 18381; son — 
of John and Elizabeth (Souder) Peffer, and a_ 
descendant of Philip Peffer, who emigrated from 
Holland about the middle of the 18th century and _ 
settled in central Pennsylvania. He attended 
the public schools of 
Cumberland county ; 
taught in a country 
school, 1846-49 ; went 
to the California gold 
mines, 1850-52, and 
was married, Dec. 28, 
1852, to Sarah Jane, 
daughter of William 
Barber of Papertown, 
Pa. He settled in St. 
Joseph county, Ind., 
in 1853, as a farmer, 
removed to Morgan 
county, Missouri, in 
1859, and engaged in 
farming and_ teach- 
ing. He delivered a speech there on the de- 
fence of the Union, July 4, 1860, and, obliged 
to move North on account of his Union sen- 
timents, sett!ed in Warren county, Ill., in March, 
1862. He enlisted as a private in the 83d Illi- 
nois volunteer infantry in August, 1862; was 
promoted 2d lieutenant the following March, 
serving in various responsible positions by detail 
—regimental quartermaster, adjutant, post- — 
adjutant, judge advocate of a military commis- 
sion, and concluding his service as depot quarter-_ 
master in the engineering department at Nash- 
ville, Tenn. He was honorably discharged, June 
26, 1865. He began his law practice in Clarks-— 
ville, Tenn., in August, 1865, and attempted the 
organization of a conversative Union party, em- 
bodying the right of free schools, free speech and 
free press. He removed to Kansas in 1870; 
settled on a claim in Wilson county ; established 
a law practice, and began the publication of the 
Fredonia Journal. He was elected state senator 


a 








thus became known as ‘‘ King Pegram.” 


PEGRAM 


jn 1874, and was chairman of the joint legislative 
committee on the Centennial exposition in 1876. 
He engaged in the practice of law in the adjoin- 
ing county of Montgomery, 1875-78, and estab- 
lished the Coffeyville Jowrnal in 1875. He wasa 
presidential elector on the Garfield and Arthur 
ticket in 1880, and in 1881 became editor of the 
Kansas Farmer at Topeka. He was elected U.S. 
senator by the People’s party and served, 1891-97 ; 
was chairman of the committee to examine the 
several branches of the civil service, and a mem- 
ber of the committees on claims, pensions, agricul- 
ture, census, railroads, and improvement of the 
Mississippi River. He was defeated as Prohibi- 
tion candidate for governor of Kansas in 1898, 
and took an active part in the campaign of 1900, 
favoring the re-election of McKinley. He wrote 
many articles on political science for the Forum 
and the North American Review, and is the 
author of : Myriorama (1869) ; The Carpet Bag- 
ger in Tennessee (1869) ; Geraldine, or What 
May Happen (1882) ; Peffer’s Tariff Manual 
(1888) ; The Way Out (1890); The Farmers’ Side 


(1891); Americanism in the Philippines (1900) ; 


Rise and Fall of Populism in the United States 
(1900), and in 1901 began the preparation of a 


‘subject index to the debates of congress from 


1789 to date. 

PEGRAM, John, soldier, was born in Dinwid- 
die county, Va., Nov. 16, 1773; son of Capt. 
Edward and Mary (Lyle) Pegram. His grand- 
father, Edward Pegram, came from England in 
the fall of 1699 with a party of engineers under 
Col. Daniel Baker, whose daughter, Mary Scott 
Baker, he married. Their second son, Capt. 
Edward Pegram (born about 1744, died, March 30, 


1816), was appointed *‘ special commander ” to de- 


fend his parish and county against the Indians, and 
He was 
also a captain in the American Revolution and a 
juror in the trial of Aaron Burr. John Pegram 
Was a magistrate for more than twenty years, a 
member of the house of delegates for many years 
and of the state senate for eight years; a rep- 
_ Fesentative in the 15th congress, 1818-19, com- 
pleting the term of Peterson Goodwin, deceased ; 
‘major-general of state militia in the war of 1812, 
and U.S. marshal of the eastern district of Vir- 
ginia in Monroe’s administration. He married, 
t, Miss Coleman of Dinwiddie ; and secondly, 
Martha Ward Gregory, and was the father of 
fourteen children. He died in Dinwiddie 


county, Va., April 8, 1831. 


PEGRAM, John, soldier, was born in Peters- 
, Va., Jan. 24, 1832; son of James West 
1844) and Virginia (Johnson) Pegram, and 
dson of John (q.v.) and Martha Ward 
(Gregory) Pegram and of William R. and Mary 
(Evans) Johnson. John Pegram was graduated 


PEGRAM 


from the U.S. Military academy in 1854 and was 
assigned to the dragoons. He served in Cal- 
ifornia, 1854-57 ; was promoted 2d lieutenant of 
2d dragoons, March 3, 1855, and served in Kansas 
and Dakota, 1855-57. He was promoted first lieu- 
tenant, Feb. 28, 1857; was assistant instruct- 
or of cavalry at the U.S. Military academy, 
Jan. 12 to Sept. 11, 1857; served as adjutant of 
2d dragoons in the Utah expedition, 1857-58; 
was on leave of absence in Europe, 1858-60, 
and served on the Navajo expedition of 1860. 
He was stationed in New Mexico, 1860-61, and 
resigned his commission May 10, 1861. He was 
appointed lieutenant-colonel in the provisional 
army of Virginia ; commanded a detachment of 
about 1800 men and four cannon at Rich Moun- 
tain, Va., in July, 1861, and sent a force of 350 
men and one cannon, with orders to guard the 
road at the mountain summit. The force was 
attacked by General Rosecrans and after a 
gallant defence defeated, and Colonel Pegram 
was forced to abandon his position, July 12, 
1861. Heretreated to Beverly and on account 
of scarcity of food, and on learning of Gen- 
eral Garrett’s retreat, surrendered his force of 
30 officers and 525 men to General McClellan, 
July 18, 1861. He was commissioned brigadier- 
general in the Confederate army, Nov. 7, 1862; 
was assigned to the command of a brigade 
made up of the 1st Georgia and 1st Louisiana 
cavalry regiments in Wheeler’s cavalry corps, 
in the Army of Tennessee, and engaged in the 
battle of Stone’s River, Tenn., where he was 
posted on the Lebanon Pike in the advance of 
Breckenridge’s right. He was promoted major- 
general and took part in the battle of Chicka- 
mauga in command of the 2d division of Forrest's 
cavalry corps, and his divison was held in re- 
serve by General Breckinridge. He commanded 
a brigade in Early’s division, Ewell’s corps, in the 
Wilderness and at Cold Harbor, and when Early 
assumed command of the Confederate army in 
the Shenandoah Valley he succeeded to the 
command of Early’s division and took a conspi- 
cuous part in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's 
Hill and Cedar Creek. He commanded his divi- 
sion in Gordon’s corps at Petersburg and Rich- 
mond, December, 1864, to February, 1865. He 
was married in January, 1865, to Hetty Cary of 
Baltimore, Md. He was fatally wounded at 
Hatcher’s Run near Petersburg, and died on the 
battlefield, Feb. 6, 1865. 

PEGRAM, Robert Baker, naval officer, was 
born in Dinwiddie county, Va., Dec. 10, 1811 ; son 
of Gen. John (q.v.) and Martha Ward (Gregory) 
Pegram. He was appointed midshipman in 
the U.S. navy, Feb. 2, 1829, and served in the 
Mediterranean squadron. He was promoted 
lieutenant, Sept. 8, 1841, and during the war with 


[195] 


PEGRAM 


Mexico, served under Capt. David G. Farragut 
on the Saratoga. In 1852 he took part in the 
Japan expedition. He was engaged in the ex- 
pedition organized by the combined forces of the 
British ship Rattler and the U.S. vessel Powhatan 
against a piratical fleet of thirty-one junks, of 
which he captured sixteen, and also one hun- 
dred cannon with a loss to the pirates of 600 men. 
For this service he was personally thanked by 
Admiral Sir James Stirling, flag officer of the 
British East India squadron, and by the govern- 
ment of Hong Kong and Great Britain, and 
presented with asword from the state of Vir- 
ginia. He was on duty in the Norfolk Navy 
yard, 1856-60; served in the Paraguay expedition 
nine months of 1858, and asa commissioner to 
define the limits of the Newfoundland fisheries in 
1859. He resigned his commission in the U.S. 
navy, April 17, 1861, and was appointed captain 
in the Confederate navy. He was given com- 
mand of the Norfolk Navy yard after its evacua- 
tion by the Federal troops, April 21, 1861 ; forti- 
fied Pig Point on the Nansemond river, Va., and 
with its batteries disabled the U.S. steamer 
Harriet Lane, which was surveying and buoying 
theriver. Hecommanded the steamer Nashville, 
October, 1861, to February, 1862. It was the in- 
tention of Mason and Slidell, the Confederate 
commissioners, to take passage on the Nashville, 
and for this purpose Pegram was to run the 
blockade from Charleston; but they feared to 
take the chances, and while he ran the blockade 
successfully in October, 1861, they were captured 
on board the British mail steamer Trent. Pe- 
gram after capturing the Harvey Birch in the 
English channel, landed his prisoners at South- 
ampton and was held in port by the U.S. steamer 
Tuscarora until February, when he effected his 
escape and made harbor at Beaufort, N.C. He 
was detailed to superintend the armament of the 
iron-clad steamer Richmond, which he took to 
Drewry’s Bluff, when he was transferred to the 
new iron-clad Virginia, the best vessel in the 
Confederate fleet. In 1864 funds were raised by 
Virginia to purchase and equip in England, a 
naval force to be called the Virginia volunteer 
navy, to be commanded by Captain Pegram. He 
went to England for the purpose, and had one 
vessel in readiness when Lee surrendered. He was 
married first to Lucy Binns Cargill of Sussex 
county, who was the mother of his seven chil- 
dren; and secondly, to Sarah Leigh of Norfolk. 
His eldest son, John Cargill Pegram, was killed 
in battle before Petersburg, June 16, 1864, while 
a member of the staff of Gen. Matt. W. Ransom 
of North Carolina who commanded the 4th bri- 
gade in Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson’s division, Gen. 
R. H. Anderson’s corps. Captain Pegram died 
in Norfolk, Va., Oct. 24, 1894. 


PEIRCE 


PEGRAM, William Johnson, soldier, was 
born in Richmond, Va., June, 29, 1841; son of 
James West (1703-1744) and Virginia (Johnson) 
Pegram. He wasa student of law at the Uni- 
versity of Virginia in 1861; left to enlist in the 
Confederate artillery, and was rapidly advanced 
through the respective grades from private to 
colonel. He handled his battery, Purcell’s artil- 
lery, A. P. Hill's division, with effectiveness at 
Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862, at Chancellors- 
ville, May 1-5, 1863, and in all the battles around 
Richmond and Petersburg, and was promoted 
to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. At Gettys- 
burg, July 1-8, 1863, he commanded a battal- 
lon in Col. R. Lindsay Walker’s reserve artillery 
and won the rank of colonel. He took part in 
the battles of the Wilderness and Cold Harbor 
and in the defence of Petersburg. He was 
promoted brigadier-general in 1865. His brother, 
Maj. James West Pegram, served on the staffs 
of Generals Armstead andEwell, surrendered with 
General Lee at Appomattox, was a prisoner at 
Johnsons Island for several months and died in 
1881. Gen. W. J. Pegram was killed while 
directing his battalion in Mahone’s division in the 
defence of Petersburg, April 2, 1865. 

PEIRCE, Benjamin, editor and librarian, was 
born in Salem, Mass., Sept. 30,1778 ; son of Jerah- 
mael (or Jerathmiel) and Sarah (Ropes) Peirce ; 
grandson of Jerahmael, of Charlestown, and 
Rebecca (Hurd) Peirce ; great-grandson of Benja- 
min, of Charlestown, and Hannah (Bowers) Peirce; 
great?-grandson of Robert, of Woburn, and Mary 
(Knight) Peirce; and great?-grandson of John 
Pers, weaver, and Elizabeth Pers, who emigrated 
with four children in 1637, from Norwich, Eng- 
land, to Watertown, Mass. Benjamin Peirce 
was graduated from Harvard with the highest 
honors of his class, A.B., 1801, A.M., 1804, and 
entered business with his father in Salem, as a 
member of the firm of Peirce & Waite, having 
trade with China. He was a representative from 
Salem in the general court for several years and 
state senator, 1811. He was married, Dec. 11, 1803, 


to Lydia Ropes, daughter of Ichabod and Lydia ~ 


(Ropes) Nichols of Salem. He was librarian of 
Harvard college, 1826-31, and prepared A Cata- 
logue ofthe Library of Harvard University (4 vols. 


1830-81), and A History of Harvard University — 


from Its Foundation in the Year 1636 to the Period 
of the American Revolution (1883). 
Cambridge, Mass., July 26, 1831. 
PEIRCE, Benjamin, mathematician and as- 
tronomer, was born in Salem, Mass., April 4, 
1809 ; son of Benjamin (q.v.) and Lydia Ropes 
(Nichols) Peirce. He was graduated from Har- 
vard university, A.B., 1829, A.M., 1833; taught 
at Round Hill school, Northampton, Mass., 1829- 
31; was tutor in mathematics at Harvard uni- 


[196] 


He died in — 


+ ag 




















PEIRCE 


versity, 1831-33; university professor of mathe- 
maties and natural philosophy, 1833-42, and Per- 
kins professor of astronomy and mathematics, 
1842-80. He was married, July 23, 1833, to Sarah 
Hunt, daughter of Elijah Hunt and Harriette 
(Blake) Mills of Northampton, Mass. While 
still a schoolboy he 
evinced decided orig- 
inal powers in the 
field of mathematics, 
anJ attracted the no- 
tice of his townsman, 
Nathaniel Bowditch 
(q.v.), to whom he 
owed much during 
the period of his 
youth and early man- 
hood, for  instruc- 
tion, counsel, friendly 
encouragement and 
backing. Whilestill 
an undergraduate at 
: Harvard college, he 
assisted Dr. Bowditch in reading the _ proof- 
sheets of the latter’s translation of Laplace’s 
* Mécanique Céleste,” with its learned commen- 
tary, added by the translator. He was rather a 
worker and an investigator than ateacher, a large 
share of his study and labor being given to astro- 
nomy and later to cosmical physics and geodesy. 
For several years, about 1840, he took part in the 
actual night work of the old college observatory. 
He paid much attention to the theory of comets, 
and his lecture on the great comet of 1843 stimu- 
lated public interest in astronomy, and led to the 
foundation of the present Harvard observatory. 
His discussion in 1846 and 1847 of the discovery of 
Neptune and its relation to the labors of Lever- 
rier made him known to the scientific world. He 
was consulting astronomer to the American Ephe- 
meris and Nautical Almanac from its founda- 
tion in 1849 to 1867. He was with Joseph Henry 
and Alexander Dallas Bache, a member of the 
scientific council that organized the Dudley ob- 
‘servatory, under the direction of Dr. B. A. Gould, 
at Albany, N.Y., in 1855. He had charge of the 
longitude determinations of the U.S. coast sur- 
vey, 1852-67, and on the death of Alexander D. 
Bache, succeeded him as superintendent of the 
“survey in 1867, holding that office until 1874, at 
the same time retaining his professorship. He 
carried out Bache’s plans for a great geodetic 
system extending from the Atlantic to the Gulf, 
_ thus laying the foundation for a general map of 
the United States, and he also superintended the 
i of measuring the arc of the parallel of 39 
grees to join the Atlantic and Pacific system of 
triangulation and for determining geographical 
Positions in states where surveys were being made. 





oy 


PEIRCE 


He was in charge of the American expedition to 
Sicily to make observations on the eclipse of the 
sun in 1870, and organized two expeditions to ob- 
serve the transit of Venus in 1874. Under his 
superintendency the name of the ‘* Coast Survey ” 
was altered to ‘‘ Coast and Geodetic Survey,” and 
its great function in unifying and helping for- 
ward the scientific enterprise of the country was 
raised to evena higher point than it had attained 
under Bache. He was a contributor to the pro- 
ceedings of the American Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science; to the American Academy 
of Arts and Sciences, and to the National Acad- 
emy of Sciences. The earlier volumes of Gould's 
Astronomical Journal contain several important 
papers from his hand. Among the subjects 
which he illuminated for his contemporaries, and 
on which, in some instances, portions of his work 
are in print, are: Espy’s Theory of Storms; the 
orbit of Neptune, and the perturbations of Ura- 
nus; the general theory of perturbations: the 
theory of Comets and Comets’ Tails; the Con- 
stitution of Saturn’s Rings; the Meteoric Con- 
stitution of the Solar System and the Universe ; 
the Nebular Theory ; the Cooling of the Earth 
and the Sun; the occultations of the Pleiades ; an 
ingenious and remarkable Criterion for the rejec- 
tion of Doubtful Observations ; Personal Equa- 
tion; the motion of a Sling, a study in stable and 
unstable equilibrium ; the theory of the Billiard 
Ball ; the motions of two Pendulums attached to 
the same horizontal cord; the forms of stable 
equilibrium of a fluid enclosed in an extensible 
sack, and floating in another fluid,—an investiga- 
tion in Morphology; the so-called School-Girl 
Puzzle, an interesting and difficult problem in 
cyclic permutation, which he generalized, and 
of which, in its generalized form, he put forth an 
able solution. His most elaborate writing was 
the treatise entitled Analytic Mechanies, of 
which the first two hundred pages appeared in 
1855, and the complete volume (496 pp.) in 1857, 
In this work, he sought ‘‘to consolidate..... 
the latest researches. .... of the great geometers 
..... and their most exalted forms of thought 
into a consistent and uniform treatise.” At the 
time of its publication it was the most important 
mathematical treatise that had been produced 
in America. While he was still engaged upon 
his treatise, he became interested in Hamilton's 
great calculus of Quaternions, and his study of 
this subject led him to enter upon an enquiry 
into the possible systems of multiple algebra and 
the conditions by which they are determined. 
The enquiry resulted in his memoir on Linear 
Associative Algebra communicated to the Na- 
tional Academy of Sciences in 1870, issued in that 
year-for private circulation, and first printed in 
1881, under the editorship of his son, Charles 8, 


[197] 


PEIRCE 


Peirce (q.v.). Professor Peirce’s mind reverted 
later to questions of cosmical physics, con- 
nected with his earlier astronomical work, and 
revived by the writings of Sir William Thomson 
(Lord Kelvin). He presented to the American 
Academy of Artsand Sciences a series of notes on 
these questions during the years 1877-79; anda 
semi-popular account of his speculations on the 
matter is contained in his Ideality in the Physi- 
eal Sciences, (Lowell Institute lectures 1879). 
He was a fellow of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences ; a member of the American 
Philosophical society ; a founder of the National 
Academy of Sciences; an associate of the Royal 
Astronomical Society of London, and a foreign 
honorary fellow of the Royal societies of London, 
Edinburgh, and Gottingen. The honorary degree 
of LL. D. wasconferred on him by the University 
of North Carolina in 1847, and by Harvard in 
1867. He was an honorary fellow of the Univer- 
sity of St. Vladimir, at Kief, Russia. In associa- 
tion with Professor Joseph Lovering, he issued in 
1842 five numbers of the Cambridge Miscellany of 
Mathematics and Physics ; and is the author of: 
An Elementary Treatise on Plane and Spherical 
Trigonometry (1835-36), afterward extended to 
include Navigation, Surveying and Spherical As- 
tronomy; An Elementary Treatise on Sound 
(1836); An Elementary Treatise on Plane and 
Solid Geometry (1837), printed for the blind (1840); 
An Elementary Treatise on Algebra (1887); An 
Elementary Treatise on Curves, Functions, and 
Forces (2 vols. 1841-46); Tables of the Moon (1853), 
for the American Ephemeris ; A System of Analy- 
tie Mechanics (1855-57); Linear Associative Alge- 
bra (lithographed in 1870, printed in 1881, in the 
American Journal of Mathematics, and in asepa- 
rate volume); IJdeality in the Physical Sciences 
(1881). His name in ‘‘ Class H, Scientists,” re- 
ceived fourteen votes for a place in the Hall of 
Fame for Great Americans. New York univer- 
sity, October, 1900, He diedin Cambridge, Mass., 
Oct. 6, 1880. 

PEIRCE, Benjamin Osgood, physicist, was 
born in Beverly, Mass., Feb. 11, 1854; son of 
Benjamin Osgood and Mehetable Osgood (Sec- 
comb) Peirce; grandson of Benjamin and Re- 
becca (Orne) Peirce, and of Ebenezer and Mary 
(Marston) Seccomb of Salem; great-grandson of 
Benjamin of Charlestown and Salem, killed at 
the battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775, and of 
Mary (Waite) Peirce; great?-grandson of Jerah- 
mael Peirce of Charlestown, and a descendant of 
John Pers, Watertown, Mass., 1637. He was 
graduated from Harvard in 1876, and was an as- 
sistant in the physical laboratory, 1876-77. He 
studied in Berlin and Leipzig, Germany, 1878-79, 
receiving the degrees A.M. and Ph.D. from the 
University of Leipzig in 1879, and was a teacher 


PEIRCE 


in the Boston Latin school, 1880-81. He was in- 
structor in mathematics at Harvard, 1881-84, as- 
sistant professor of mathematics and _ physics, 
1884-88, and was elected Hollis professor of math- 
ematics and natural philosophy in 1888. He was 
married, July 27, 1882, 
Landreth of Edinburgh, Scotland. He was 
elected a fellow of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences. He is the author of : Theory 
of the Newtonian Potential Function (1886); 
Table of Integrals (1899), and many scientific 
papers on physics and mathematics. 

PEIRCE, Bradford Kinney, author, was born 
in Royalston, Windsor county, Vt., Feb. 8, 1819 ; 
son of the Rev. Thomas and Huppy Peirce. He 
was graduated from Wesleyan university, Conn., 
in 1841; joined the New England Conference of 
the Methodist Episcopal church in 1848; was 
stationed at Waltham, Mass., 1843-44, and at 
Newburyport, Mass., 1844-45, where he was editor 
of the Sunday School Messenger ; at Charlestown, 
Mass., 1846-47, and located in Boston, Mass., as 
agent of the American Sunday School union, 
1847-56. He was married, Aug. 5, 1841, to Har- 
riet W. Thompson of Middletown, Conn, He 
was a state senator, 1855-56; was appointed 
trustee of the Massachusetts Industrial School for 
Girls in 1856, and was superintendent and chap- 
lain of the institution, 1856-62. He was a trustee 
of Wesleyan university, 1871-82, and secretary 
of the board of trustees, 1871-74. He joined the 
New England conference at Watertown, Mass., 
in 1862; was chaplain of the House of Refuge, 
Randall’s Island, N.Y., 1868-72; editor of Zion's 


to Isabella Turnbull - 


Herald, 1872-88, and superintendent of Newton — 


free library, 1888-89. 
D.D. was conferred upon him by Wesleyan uni- 
versity in 1868. He is the author of: Temptation 
(1840); The Eminent Dead (1846); Bible Scholars’ 
Manual (1847); Notes of the Acts (1848); Bible 
Questions (3 vols., 1848); Life in the Woods: Ad- 
ventures of Audubon (1863); Hymns and Ritual 


for the House of Refuge (1864); Trials of an In-— 


ventor: Life and Discoveries of Charles Goodyear 
(1866); Stories from Life which the Chaplain 
Told (1866); Sequel of Stories from Life (1867); 
A Half Century with Juvenile Offenders (1869); 
Chaplain with the Children (1870); The Young 
Shetlander and His Home (1870); Hymns of the 
Higher Life (1871), and a new annotated edition 
of the Proceedings of the Massachusetts State Con- 
vention of 1788 (1856). He died at Newton, Mass., 
April 19, 1889. 

PEIRCE, Charles Sanders, scientist. was born 
in Cambridge, Mass., Sept. 16, 1839 ; son of Ben- 


The honorary degree of 


ie 





jamin and Sarah Hunt (Mills) Peirce, and grand- — 


son of Benjamin Peirce, historian of Harvard col- 
lege, and of Elijah Hunt Mills, U.S. senator from 
Massachusetts. He was graduated from Harvard, 


[198] 


aii 


























PEIRCE 


AB., 1859, A.M., 1862, and from the Lawrence 
Scientific school, §.B., 1863. Entering the ser- 
vice of the U.S. coast survey, and in 1872 made 
assistant in that capacity, he undertook impor- 
tant investigations on the density and ellipticity 
of the earth, on metrology, measurements of 
light waves, etc. His researches into logic, his- 
tory of science, sensation of color and stellar pho- 
tometry, are well known. He was twice married, 
first in 1862, to Melusina Fay (q.v.), secondly 
to Juliette Froissy of Nancy, France. The 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the 
National Academy of Sciences, in 1877, and 
other scientific bodies admitted him to member- 
ship ; Harvard college and Johns Hopkins univer- 
sity appointed him to lectureships on logic, and 
in 1869 and 1892 he delivered courses of lectures 
before the Lowell Institute in Boston. He is 
the author of : Photometric Researches (1878); fre- 
quent contributions to the Nation and other jour- 
nals, and many memoirs and articles on logic, 
psychology, metaphysics, mathematics, gravita- 
tion, astronomy, optics, chemistry, engineering, 
library cataloguing and early English pronuncia- 
tion ; edited, with additions, ‘‘ Studies in Logic by 
Members of the Johns Hopkins University ” (1883), 
and ** Linear Associative Algebra” by Benjamin 
Peirce (1882); contributed most of the philoso- 
phical and many other definitions in the ‘‘ Cen- 
tury Dictionary,” and wrote many articles in the 
“Dictionary of Pyschology and Philosophy.” 
PEIRCE, Ebenezer Weaver, soldier, was born 
in Freetown, Mass., April 5, 1822; son of Ebene- 
zer and Joanna (Weaver) Peirce; grandson of 
Capt. Job and Elizabeth (Rounsville) Peirce, and 
of Col. Benjamin and Amy (Brownell) Weaver, 
and a descendant of Abraham and Rebecca 
Peirce, who came to America as early as 1623, 
and settled in Plymouth colony, Ebenezer W, 
Peirce attended the Freetown academy, and later 
remoyed to Lakeville, Mass. He was married, 
Dee. 13, 1849, to Irene Isabel, daughter of Capt. 
Sylvanus Payne, of Freetown, and until the be- 
ginning of the civil war held several important 
local offices. He was commissioned major of the 


Old Colony regiment in 1844 ; brigadier-general of 


state militia in 1855, and accompanied Gen. B. F. 
Butler to Fort Monroe, where he was placed in 
command of a brigade made up of five New York 


three months’ militia regiments, detachments 


from the 4th Massachusetts and 1st Vermont 
militia and four guns of the regular U.S. artillery, 
commanded by Lieutenant Greble. With this 
force of 3500 men he conducted the attack on the 
Confederate force under Col. J. B. Magruder at 
Big and Little Bethel, June 10, 1861. His com- 
mand under explicit orders from General Butler 
was to concentrate near Little Bethel, where ad- 
ditional troops from Newport News were to join 


PEIRCE 


him, and together they were to attack the enemy. 
The advancing columns, each mistaking the other 
for the enemy, opened fire, which warned the 
Confederates, and after a short skirmish, General 
Peirce was obliged to retreat. He was given 
command of the 29th Massachusetts volunteers, 
Dec. 31, 1861; assigned to the 2d brigade, 1st 
division, 2d army corps, and lost an arm in the 
battle of White Oak Swamp, Va., June 30, 1862, 
He returned to his regiment in the 2d brigade, 
1st division, 9th corps, Army of the Ohio, and was 
present at the defence of Knoxville, Tenn., Nov- 
ember-—December, 1863. He resigned his commis- 
sion in November, 1864. He was appointed collec- 
tor of internal revenue for the first district of Mass- 
achusetts, by President Johnson, in August, 1866, 
but the appointment was not confirmed by the 
senate. He isthe author of: The Peirce Family 
of the Old Colony (1870); Contributions, Bio- 
graphical, Genealogical and Historical (1874); 
Indian History, Biography and Genealogy (1878); 
Civil, Mititary and Professional Lists of Plymouth 
and Rhode Island Colonies (1881). General Peirce 
was one of the few general officers of the volun- 
teer service to survive the century and in 1903 he 
was residing at Freetown, Mass. 

PEIRCE, James Mills, mathematician, was 
born in Cambridge, Mass., May 1, 1834; son of 
Benjamin (q.v.) and Sarah Hunt (Mills) Peirce. 
He was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 18538, A.M., 
1856; was a tutor there, 1854-58 and 1860-61 ; as- 
sistant professor of mathematics, 1861-69 ; uni- 
versity professor of mathematics, 1869-85 ; Per- 
kins professor of astronomy and mathematics 
from 1885; secretary of the academic council, 
1872-90 ; dean of the graduate school, 1890-95, and 
dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, 1895-$8. 
His courses of instruction at first covered analytic 
geometry, elementary and modern ; the differen- 
tial and integral calculus ; the theory of func- 
tions and mechanics; besides elementary and 
subsidiary branches. Later he confined his teach- 
ing chiefly to quaternions ; the general theory of 
algebraic plane curves and of triangular and 
tetrahedral co-drdinates ; linear associative alge- 
bra; the elements of the algebra of logic. His 
administrative duties were as secretary and dean. 
He was elected a member of the American As- 
sociation for the Advancement of Science and 
of the American Mathematical society and a 
fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sci- 
ences, and isthe author of : A Text-Book of An- 
alytic Geometry (1857); Three and Four Place 
Tables of Logarithmic and Trigometric Functions 
(1871) ; The Elements of Logarithms (1878), and 
Mathematical Tables chiefly to Four Figures (1st 
series 1879); and editor of his father’s last work 
‘‘Tdealty in the Physical Sciences,” which was 
published in 1881. 


(199] 


PEIRCE 


PEIRCE, Melusina Fay, author and organizer, 
was born in Burlington, Vt., Feb. 24, 1836; 
daughter of the Rev. Dr. Charles and Emily 
(Hopkins) Fay ; granddaughter of Judge Samuel 
Phillips Prescott and Harriet (Howard) Fay and 
of the Rt.-Rev. John Henry and Melusina (Miller) 
Hopkins, and lineally descended from John Fay, 
colonist, 1656, from Mistress Anne Hutchinson 
(q.v.), and from the Rev. Peter Bulkeley (q.v.). 
She attended the Young Ladies’ School of Prof. 
Louis Agassiz at Cambridge, Mass., and was 
married to Charles Sanders Peirce (q.v.) in 
1862. Originating the theory that codperative 
housekeeping by housekeepers, and codperative 
farming by farmers are the only possible cure 
for modern poverty, she organized the Cambridge 
Codperative Housekeeping Association, 1870; also 
the Boston Woman’s Education association, 1871, 
and the Cambridge Woman’s union, 1877. She 
contributed essays and reviews to the Atlantic 
Monthly, 1868-77, and was music critic on the 
Boston Post, 1877-78, and on the Chicago Evening 
Journal, 1882-84. She proposed and started the 
New York Women’s World Fair committee, 
1876; the New York women’s movement for 
cheap summer-night concerts, 1895; the New 
York movement tosave the Poe cottage, 1896, and 
Fraunces Tavern, 1897. She proposed and organiz- 
ed the street cleaning committee of the Ladies’ 
Health Protective Association of New York, 1887- 
88; the Women’s Philharmonic Society of New 
York, 1898-99, and the Women’s Auxiliary to the 
American Scenic and Historic Preservation 
society. New York, 1900-01. Sheisthe author of : 
Codperative Housekeeping : How not to do it, and 
How to do it (1884); Codperative Housekeeping 
(1889), and edited Amy Fay’s *‘ Music-Study in 
Germany ”’ (1881 ; 19th ed., 1900). 

PEIRCE, William Foster, educator, was 
born at Chicopee Falls, Mass., Feb. 8, 1868; son 
of Levi Merriam and Mary Hobbs (Foster) 
Peirce ; grandson of Levi and Polly (Merriam) 
Peirce of West Boylston, Mass., and of William 
and Calista (Ward) Foster of Norway, Maine, 
and a descendant of John Peirce, Watertown, 
Mass., 1637. He was graduated at Amherst 
college, A.B., 1888, A.M., 1892, and was a 
graduate student at Cornell university in philo- 
sophy and economics, 1889-90. He was ateacher 
ina boys’ boarding school at Mount Hermon, 
Mass., 1890-92, and substitute professor of psycho- 
logy and pedagogy in Ohio university at Athens 
in the spring of 1892. He was elected Spencer 
and Wolfe professor of moral and mental philo- 
sophy at Kenyon college, Gambier, Ohio, in Sep- 
tember, 1892, acting also as professor of history, 
1892-96. In 1896 he was elected president of 
Kenyon college to succeed D, Theodore Sterling. 
In the same year Hobart college conferred upon 


[200] 


PELOUBET 


him the honorary degree of L.H.D. In 1894 he 
was ordained to the diaconate in the Episcopal 
church, and was advanced to the priesthood in 
1901. He was secretary and treasurer of the 
Ohio Society for Psychological and Pedagogical 
Inquiry and a member of the Knox County and — 
Ohio State Teachers’ associations, and of the Ohio 
College association. He was married, June 18, 
1891, to Louise Stephens, daughter of Ansel Fagan 
of Hackettstown, N.J., a graduate of Vassar col- 
lege, 1888. 

PELLICIER, Anthony Domenec Ambrose, — 
R. C. bishop, was born in St. Augustine, Fla., 
Dec. 7, 1824. He attended St. Joseph’s college, 
Ala., and was ordained priest, Oct. 15, 1850, by 
Bishop Portier of Mobile. He was pastor of St. 
Peter’s church, Montgomery, Ala., and founded 
churches in Camden and Selma, Ala. He was 
transferred to the cathedral at Mobiie in 1865, — 
and was appointed a member of the bishop’s 
council and vicar-general in 1867. He served 
as chaplain in the Confederate army during the — 
civil war. He was consecrated bishop of the 
diocese of San Antonio, Texas, Dec. 8, 1874, at the — 
cathedral at Mobile by Archbishop Perche of New 
Orleans, assisted by Bishops Fitzgerald of Little — 
Rock, and Gibbons of Richmond. During his 
administration he visited every parish in his 
diocese, on horseback, built several churches and 
schools, and the exposure undermined his health, 
He died at San Antonio, Texas, April 14, 1880. 

PELOUBET, Francis Nathan, clergyman and 
author, was born in New York city, Dec. 2, 1831; 
son of Chabrier and Harriet (Hanks) Peloubet ; 
grandson of Alexander Joseph and Elizabeth (Al- 
cott) de Chabrier de Peloubet and of Joseph and 
Anna(Frary)Hanks. His grandfather, Alexander 
Joseph de Chabrier de Peloubet, was born at the 
Chateau de Peloubet, an estate near Luzon, Lot- 
et-Garonne, France, and arrived in New York | 
in October, 1803. The family received their 
patent of nobility in 1603. Francis N. Peloubet 
was graduated from Willams in 1853, and from 
the Bangor (Maine) Theological seminary in 1857, 
and was ordained to the Congregational minis- 
try. He was married, April 28, 1859, to Mary 
Abby, daughter of Sidney and Sophronia (Chase) | 
Thaxter of Bangor, Maine. He was pastor of the 
Lanesville (Gloucester) Congregational church, 
1857-60 ; pastor at Oakham, 1861-66; Attleboro, 
1867-71; Natick, 1872-83, all of Massachusetts. 
In 1884 he gave up the active ministry for author- — 
ship, and after 1889 made his home at Auburndale, 
Mass. He became widely known as the author 
of lesson books, etc., for Sunday-schools, his 
Select Notes on the International Sunday-School 
Lessons (28 vols., 1875-1902), reaching a sale of 
more than a million copies. The University of 
Tennessee conferred upon him the honorary 



























PEMBERTON 


"degree of D.D. in 1884. Besides the Select Notes 


already mentioned, he is the author of : Sunday- 
School Quarterlies for the Scholars (3d and 4th 
grades, 1880-1902) ; Suggestive Illustrations on 
Matthew, on John, and on Acts (3 vols., 1898- 
99); The Loom of Life (1900); The Teachers’ Com- 
mentary on the New Testament, Matthew (1901), 
and Acts (1902). He alsoedited : ‘‘ Smith’s Bible 
Dictionary ” (rev. ed., 1884); ‘‘Select Songs for 
the Sunday-School” (Nos. 1 and 2, 1884, 1893), 
and revised and unified ‘‘ Helps for the Oxford 
Teacher’s Bibles ” (1902). 

PEMBERTON, John Clifford, soldier, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 10, 1814; son of 
John and Rebecca (Clifford) Pemberton; grand- 
son of Joseph and Mary (Galloway) Pemberton, and 
great?-grandson of Israel Pemberton, merchant 
(1665-1754). He matriculated at the University 
of Pennsylvania in the class of 1834, but left in 
his junior year. He was graduated from the 
U.S. Military academy in 1837 and promoted in 
the army 2d lieutenant, 4th artillery, July 1, 
1837. He served in the Florida war against the 


Seminole Indians, 1887-39, and on the northern 


frontier during the Canada border disturbances, 
1840-41. He was promoted 1st lieutenant, March 
19, 1842; was in garrison, 1842-45; in military 
occupation of Texas, 1845-46, and took part in 
nearly all the battles in the war with Mexico. 
Ile received the brevet of captain, Sept. 23, 1846, 
for gallant and meritorious conduct in the several 
conflicts at Monterey, and major, Sept. 8, 1847, 
for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle 
of Molino del Rey. He was married in 1848 to 
Martha, daughter of William Henry Thompson 
of Norfolk, Va. He served as aide-de-camp to 
Geueral Worth, 1846-49; in Florida against the 
Seminoles, 1849-50 and 1856-57; was promoted 
captain, 4th artillery, Sept. 16, 1850, and was 
detailed on frontier duty, 1857-61. He resigned 
his commission‘in the U.S. army, April 29, 1861, 
and was appointed lieutenant-colonel of Virginia 
State militia intrusted with organization of the 
artillery and cavalry. He was commissioned 
colonel, May 8, 1861, and major-general, Feb. 13, 


1862. He was appointed to the command of the 


department of South Carolina and Georgia with 
headquarters at Charleston, and was relieved by 
Gen. G. T. Beauregard, Sept. 15, 1862. On Oct. 
13, 1862, he was promoted lieutenant-general 
C.S.A.,and on the 14th superseded Gen. Earl 
Van Dorn in command of the Department of 
Mississippi and East Louisiana, owing to the 
disastrous defeat of Van Dorn at Corinth. He 
established his headquarters at Jackson, Miss., 
where commanded the Confederate forces com- 
posed of 25,000 men. On March 24, 1862, when 
the commands of Pemberton and Bragg were 
placed under Gen. Joseph E. Juhnston, with 


‘Shepperd of North Carolina. 


PENDER 


headquarters at Chattanooga, Pemberton com- 
manded the army in defence of 
Bluffs, Dec. 27, 1862-Jan. 3, 1863. He opposed 
General Grant’s army at Baker’s Creek, May 16, 
1863, and after four hours of hard fighting fell 
back across the Big Black River to Vicksburg, 
May 19, 1863. The siege of Vicksburg lasted till 
July 4, 1863, when owing toa scarcity of ammuni- 
tion and provisions, and having lost all hope of 
being re-enforced by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, 
Pemberton surrendered his entire army of 
29,491 officers, soldiers and non-combatants, He 
was paroled, returned to Richmond, and resigned 
his commission in the Confederate States army, 
but was re-appointed inspector of ordnance with 
the rank of colonel. After the war he retired to 
Warrentown, Va., and in 1876 moved to Perth 
Amboy, N.J., and subsequently to Philadelphia, 
Pa. He is theauthor of: The Terms of Surrender 
in ‘‘ Battles and Leaders of the Civil War,” Vol. 
III. He died at Penllyn, Pa., July 13, 1881. 
Pender William, Dorsey, soldier, was born 
in Edgecombe county, N. C., Feb. 6, 1834; son of 
James and Sarah (Routh) Pender. He wts grad- 
uated from the U. 8. Military academy, and pro- 
moted brevet 2d heutenant, Ist artillery, July 1, 
1854. Heserved in Florida against the Indians, 
1854-55 ; was promoted 2d lieutenant, 2d artillery, 
Aug. 16, 1854, and was on frontier duty, 1856-59, 
in New Mexico, Washington, Oregon and Cali- 
fornia. He was married, March 38, 1859, to Mary 
Frances, daughter of the Hon. Augustine H. 
He was adjutant 
of the 1st dragoons, Nov. 8, 1860, to Jan. 31, 1861, 
and resigned his commission in the U. 8. army, 
March 21, 1861. He was commissioned captain 
of artillery in the provisional army of the Con- 
federate States and had charge of recruiting in 
Baltimore, Md., up to May, 1861, when he re- 
turned to North Carolina and served as drill mas- 
ter at Raleigh and Garrysburg. He was chosen 
colonel of the 3d N. C. volunteers, May 16, 1861; 
was transferred to the 6th N. C. regiment, Aug 
15, 1861, and servedin Whiting’s brigade, Smith’s 
divison, left wing of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston’s 
army in the Peninsular campaign. In the battle 
of Fair Oaks, Va., May 31--June 1, 1862, by asudden 
flank movement he extricated his regiment from 
a perilous position, thereby saving the entire 
division, and for this service he was promoted on 
the field by President Davis to the rank of brig- 
adier-general. He commanded the 6th brigade, 
composed of the 2d Arkansas battalions, 16th, 
22d, 34th, and 38th North Carolina regiments and 
the 22d Virginia battalion, forming part of A. P. 
Hill’s division, in the Army of Northern Virginia 
in the seven days’ battles before Richmond, June 
25-July 1, 1862 ; in Magruder’s command, Hill’s 
division, at second Bull Run, Aug. 16-Sept. 2, 


Chickasaw 


[201] 


PENDLETON 


1862, and in the Maryland campaign in Jackson’s 
command. At Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 18, 
1862, he was praised for the steadiness of his 
brigade. He opened the battle at Chancellors- 
ville, May 3, 1863, and, although wounded, com- 
manded the division until relieved by Gen. R. E. 
Colston. He was promoted major-general, May 
27, 1863, and his division, composed of the brig- 
ades of Generals Scales, Lane, Thomas and 
McGowan in A. P. Hill’s 3d army corps, was 
conspicuous at Gettysburg when he drove the 
Federals from the woods on Seminary Ridge, 
July 2, 1863, and was wounded by a fragment of 
shell. It was found necessary to amputate his 
leg and he did not survive the operation. He 
died at Staunton, Va., July 18, 1863. 
PENDLETON, Edmund, jurist, was born in 
Caroline county, Va., Sept. 9, 1721; son of Henry 
Pendleton, and grandson of Philip and Isabella 
(Hurt) Pendleton. Philip Pendleton emigrated 
from Norwich, England, in 1674, settled in Vir- 
ginia and was buried in King and Queen county. 
Edmund Pendleton received no school training, 
but early in life became assistant to the clerk of 
Caroline county, under whom he had an oppor- 
tunity to read law. He was licensed to practise 
law in 1744, became justice of the peace in 1751, 
and was a member of the Virginia house of bur- 
gesses, 1752-74. He declared the stamp act un- 
constitutional, and that it did not bind the in- 
habitants of Virginia; was a member of the 
committee of correspondence in 1773, a member 
of the colonial convention of 1774, called by 
reason of the Boston port-bill, and of which he 
was elected president. He was chosen by that 
body a delegate to the 1st continental congress, 
serving from Sept. 5. 1774, to Oct. 26, 1774, and 
accompanied George Washington, Peyton Ran- 
dolph, Richard Henry Lee, Benjamin Harrison 
and Patrick Henry to Philadelphia in September, 
774. As president of the Virginia convention of 
1774, he was the governor of the embryo colony 
until the state constitution was framed and 
adopted in May, 1776, when he again served as 
president and was also appointed president of the 
committee of safety. He drew up the instruc- 
tions of the Virginia convention to the delegates 
in congress, proposing a declaration of independ- 
ence, in which document he expressed the sen- 
timents of Virginia in the words used almost 
verbatim in the declaration itself as written by 
Jefferson. He belonged to the planter class, and 
his position as head of the committee of safety 
gave him the control of the militia and of the 
foreign correspondence of Virginia. When the 
state government was organized under the con- 
stitution he was elected speaker of the house of 
burgesses, and with George Wythe and Thomas 
Jefferson revised the colonial laws. He was re- 


[202] 


PENDLETON 


















































elected speaker in 1777, and upon the organiza- 
tion of the court of chancery was made its presi- 
dent by a unanimous vote, and was transferred 
to the head of the court of appeals on its forma- 
tion in 1779, holding the office up to the time o fi 
his death. He was president of the state conven- 
tion that ratified the Federal constitution and 
was its most eloquent advocate before the conven- 
tion. In 1789 President Washington appointed 
him judge of the U.S, district court of Virginia, 
but he declined the office. He wrote a protest 
against waging war against France in 1789, claim 
ing that government to be a ‘sister republic.” 
He died in Richmond, Va., Oct. 23, 1803. 
PENDLETON, George Hunt, senator, was bo 
in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 25, 1825; son of Na- 
thaniel Greene (q.v.) and —— (Hunt) Pen- 
dleton. He attended the University of Heidel- 
berg, and was admitted to the bar at Cincinnati, 
Ohio. He was married in 1846 to Alice, daugh 
ter of Francis Scott and Mary Tayloe (Lloyd) 
Key. He wasstate senator, 1854-56, and a Demo- 
cratic representative in the 35th-38th congresses, 
1856-65. He was one of the leading candidates 
for the Democratic nomination for President in 
1860, and was nominated for Vice-President on 
the ticket with George B. McClellan for Presi- 
dent in 1864. He was a member of the Philadel- 
phia Loyalist convention in 1866, and was de- 
feated in the election for governor of the state of 
Ohio by Rutherford B. Hayes in 1869. He was 
chosen president of the Kentucky railroad com- 
pany in 1869, and in 1879 was elected to the U.S. 
senate, serving until March 4, 1885. He was 
chairman of the committee on civil service re- 
form, and was instrumental in securing the pas- 
sage of the civil service law, June 26, 1882. He 
was appointed U.S. minister to Germany by Pres- 
ident Cleveland in 1885, serving 1885-89. He 
died in Brussels, Belgium, Nov. 24, 1889. 
PENDLETON, John Overton, representative, 
was born in Wellsburgh, Brooke county, Vir- 
ginia, July 4, 1851; son of Maj. Joseph H. (C.S.A.) 
and Margaret (Ewing) Pendleton ; grandson of Dr, 
Joseph Winston and Elizabeth (Goodwin) Pend- 
leton and of Albert G. and Jane (Campbell) 
Ewing, and a descendant of Philip Pendleton, 
New Kent, Va., 1674; of Maj. James Goodwin 
York, Va., 1648 ; of William Ewin, Rockingham, 
Va., 1761, and of Alexander Campbell, Bethany, 
Va., 1810. He removed with his parents to 
Wheeling and attended Aspen Hill academy, 
Louisa county, Va., 1865-69, and Bethany college, 
West Va., 1869-70. He established a law practice 
in Wheeling in April, 1874, and became active in 
politics. He was the Democratic nominee for 
state senator in 1886, but was defeated ; was given 
a certificate of election as representative from the 
first congressional district of West Virginia in 














PENDLETON 


the 5ist congress in 1888 and took his seat which 
was successfully contested by George W. Atkin- 
son, who succeeded him on Feb, 27,1890. He was 
re-elected to the 52d and 53d congresses, serving, 
1891-95. 

PENDLETON, John Strother, representative, 
was born in Culpeper county, Va., March 1, 1802; 
son of William and Ann (Strother) Pendleton ; 
grandson of James and Mary (Bowie) Pendleton ; 
great-grandson of Henry and Mary (Taylor) 
Pendleton, and a descendant of Philip Pendleton 
ef Norwich, England, who immigrated to 
America in 1674 and married Isabella Hurt. He 
was a leading lawyer of Culpeper county ; mem- 
ber of the Virginia legislature for several years 
prior to 1840; chargé d'affaires to the republic of 
Chili, 1841-44; representative from the Culpeper 
district in the 30th and 31st congresses, 1845-49, 
and U.S. minister resident to the Argentine Con- 
federation, 1852-54. In conjunction with Gen. 
R. GC. Sehenck of Ohio, who was at the time U.S. 
Minister to Brazil, he negotiated a treaty with 
Paraguay and Uruguay. He died in Culpeper 
county, Va., Nov. 19, 1868. 

PENDLETON, Louis (Beauregard), author 
and journalist, was born at Tebeauville (now 
Waycross), Ga., April 21, 1861; son of Philip 
Coleman and Catharine (Tebeau) Pendleton ; 
grandson of Coleman Pendleton, a Virginian, who 
settled in Georgia, and married Martha, daughter 
of Benjamin Gilbert, a captain in the Revolution, 
and great-grandson of Capt. Philip Pendleton 
also an officer of the Revolution. His father was 
editor (1840-45) of The Magnolia, the first maga- 
zine ever published south of Richmond, Va. 
Louis attended the Valdosta, Ga., high school. 
Later he was a student for two years at the 
College of the New Jerusalem Church, Phila- 
delphia, also taking a course in modern languages 
at the Berlitz school. In 1899 he became a mem- 
ber of the editorial staff of the Macon, Ga., Tele- 
graph. Heis the author of : Bewitched (1888) ; 
In the Wire-Grass (1889); King Tom and_ the 
Runaways (1890); The Wedding Garment (1894) ; 
The Sons of Ham (1895) ; In the Okefinokee (1895) ; 
Corona of the Nantahalas (1895) ; Carita (1898) ; 
A Forest Drama (1902) ; Little Tiger Tail (1902), 
and short stories contributed to periodicals. 

PENDLETON, Nathaniel, jurist, was born in 
Culpeper county, Va., in 1756. He joined the Rev- 
olutionary army, 1775; was promoted brevet- 
major, serving as aide-de-camp to Gen. Nathanael 
Greene, and received the thanks of congress for 
his gallantry at Eutaw Springs, S.C., Sept. 8, 1781. 
On the close of the war he studied law in Georgia 
and was subsequently appointed U. S. district 
judge. He was proposed to President Washing- 
ton as a candidate for the office of secretary of 
State, but was objected to by Alexander Hamil- 


PENDLETON 


ton, who afterward became his friend and for 
whom Pendleton acted as second in his duel with 
Aaron Burr. He was a delegate to the Federal 
constitutional convention in 1787, but was not 
present when the constitution of the United 
States was signed. He was a member of the 
Virginia Society of the Cincinnati. In 1796 he 
settled in practice in New York city, where he 
married his second wife, Susan, daughter of Dr. 
John Bard (q.v.). He became judge of Duchess 
county, residing on a farm at Hyde Park, N.Y., 
where he died, Oct. 20, 1821. 

PENDLETON, Nathaniel Greene, representa- 
tive, was born in Savannah, Ga., in August, 1793 ; 
son of Nathaniel Pendleton, jurist (q.v.) He was 
graduated at Columbia college in 1813, and was 
married to a Miss Hunt. He was aide-de-camp 
on the staff of Gen. Edmund Pendleton Gaines, 
U.S.A., 1813-15; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, 
in 1818, where he practised law, was a member of 
the state senate, 1825-27, and a representative 
from the first district in the 27th congress, 1841- 
43. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 16, 1861. 

PENDLETON, William Kimbrough, educator, 
was born in Louisa county, Va., Sept. 3, 1817; 
son of Edmund and Unity Yancey (Kimbrough) 
Pendleton, and great-grandson of John Pendleton, 
who was a brother of Judge Edmund Pendleton 
(q.v.). He was graduated in an elective course of 
classical, scientific and philosophical studies, and 
from the law department of the University of 
Virginia, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. 
In the same year he was married to Lavinia 
Macgregor ; secondly, in 1847, to Clarinda, both 
daughters of Alexander and Margaret (Brown) 
Campbell, and thirdly, in 1855, to Catharine Hunt- 
ington, daughter of Judge Leicester King of 
Warren, Ohio. In 1840 he removed to Bethany, 
Va., to take part in the founding of Bethany 
college, in which institution he was professor and 
vice-president until 1866, when he succeeded Mr. 
Campbell as president. From 1846 till its discon- 
tinuance in 1870, he was co-editor of the Willennial 
Harbinger, and from then until his death was 
on the staff of The Christian Standard. He was 
senatorial representative in the West Virginia 
state constitutional convention of 1877, and a 
member of the committee on finance and educa- 
tion. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. 
from the University of Pennsylvania in 1873. 
He was state superintendent of public schools in 
1873, during this term practically framing the 
school law, which stood without material change 
for twenty years, and subsequently served in the 
same office four years. He died at Bethany, W. 
Va., Sept. 1, 1899. 

PENDLETON, William Nelson, clergyman and 
soldier, was born in Richmond, Va., Dec. 26, 
1809 ; son of Edmund, Jr., of Caroline County,Va., 


(203] 


PENDLETON 


and Lucy (Nelson) Pendleton, and a descendant 
of Philip and Isabella (Hurt) Pendleton, who 
came from Norwich, England, to Virginia in 1674, 
and of Thomas Nelson (‘‘Scotch Tom”) who 
came from Penrith, England, to Virginia in 1705. 
He was graduated from the U.S. Military acad- 
emy and promoted brevet 2d lieutenant and 2d 
lieutenant, 2d artillery, July 1, 1830. He was 
assistant professor of mathematics at the acad- 
emy, 1831-32 ; was transferred to the 4th artillery, 
Oct. 27, 1832; was in garrison at Fort Hamilton, 
N.Y., 1832-33, and resigned his commission in the 
army, Oct. 31, 1833, to accept the chair of mathe- 

matics in Bristol col- 


lege, Penn. He was 
professor at  Dela- 


ware college, New- 
ark, Del., 1837-38; 
was admitted to the 
diaconate of the P.E. 
church in 1837, and 
to the priesthood in 
1838. In 1838 he es- 
tablished the Episco- 
pal high school at 
Alexandria. Va., and 
was its principal, 
1838-44. He was in 
Baltimore, Md., 1844— 
47> rector® of TALL 
Saint’s church, Frederick, Md., 1847-53; rector of 
Latimer parish, Lexington, 1853-61, and upon the 
outbreak of the civil war joined the Confederate 
army as captain of the Rockbridge artillery. He 
was promoted to the rank of colonel and ap- 
pointed chief of artillery to Gen. Joseph E. 
Johnston commanding the Army of the Shenan- 
doah, and served as such from July 21, 1861, to the 
close of the war. He was commissioned brigadier- 
general in March, 1862, and commanded the re- 
serve artillery in the Maryland campaign and at 
Sharpsburg, Sept. 15, 1862. At Gettysburg, July 
1-3, 1863, he was commander-in-chief of all the 
artillery, consisting of the horse-artillery and of 
15 battalions of four batteries each, and directed 
the Confederate artillery in the duel with the 
Federal, preceding the charge of Pickett’s divi- 
sion. At the surrender at Appomattox he was 
appointed with Generals Longstreet and Gordon 
to negotiate the terms of surrender. In 1865 he 
returned to his parish at Lexington, Va., where 
he remained as rector until his death. He wasa 
founder of Grace Memorial church, erected to the 
memory of Gen. Robert E. Lee, for which he 
raised the money by delivering lectures on the 
war throughout the South. Hisstatements in re- 
gard to the failure of Longstreet to commence 
the attack on the morning of the second day of 
the battle, were accepted by President Davis, but 





[204] 


PENICK 










































denied by General Longstreet, and led to an un- 
settled historical controversy. (See ‘*‘ Lee’s Right 
Wing at Gettysburg” by James Longstreet in 
‘‘ Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.” Vol 
III, pp. 3839-56). The honorary degree of 
D.D. was conferred upon him by Kenyon college, 
Ohio, in 1857. He is the author of: Science, a 
Witness for the Bible (1860). He died in Lexing- 
ton, Va., Jan, 15, 1883: 
PENFIELD, Edward, artist, was bornin New | 
York city, June 2, 1866; son of Josiah and Ellen 
(Moore) Penfield, and grandson of Henry L. Pen- — 
field of Rye, N.Y. He studied at the Art Stud- 
ents’ league, New York city, and in Europe, 
chiefly in England and Holland. In 1890 he be 
came art director of Harpers’ Magazine, Bazar, 
and Weekly, which position he resigned in Feb- 
ruary, 1901, to give his entire time to art. He 
became especially well known through his poster 
designs and magazine illustrations in color, and 
was the pioneer in America in the use of flat 
colors in posters. All the posters for Harpers’ 
Magazine, 1893-99, were designed by him, 
PENFIELD, Frederic Courtland, diplomat and 
author, was born in East Haddam, Conn., April 
23, 1855; son of Daniel and Sophia (Young) Pen. 
field, and grandson of Zebulon Penfield of Pen- 
field Hill, Portland, Conn. He was graduated at 
Russell’s Military school, New Haven, Conn., in 
1876 and studied later in Germany. He was 4 
member of the editorial staff of the Hartford, 
Conn., Courant, 1880-85, and was by appointme nt 
of President Cleveland, U.S. vice-consul-general 
at London, 1885-89, and U.S. diplomatic agent 
and consul-general to Egypt, 1893-97. He was. 
made a fellow of the Royal Geographical society, 
London, 1886 ; an officer of the French academy 
1898 ; was decorated with the order of the Palms 
Académique by the French government, and with 
the grand cross of the Order of Medjidieh by the 
Sultan of Turkey; was given the Grand Com- 
mander degree of the Order of Osmanieh by the 
Khedive of Egypt, 1897, and received many othe 
foreign honors. He is the author of : Present 
Day Egypt (1899), and numerous articles in the 
leading American and English magazines and 
reviews, , 
PENICK, Charles Clifton, third missionary 
bishop of Cape Palmas, and 117th in succession 
in the American episcopate, was born in Char 
lotte county, Va., Dec. 9, 1843; son of Edwin 
Anderson and Mary (Hamner) Penick, ané 
grandson of Charles Penick and of Clifto 
Hamner. He attended Hampden Sidney colleg 
and the military institute at Danville, Va., and 
was graduated from the Theological seminary ai 
Alexandria, Va., in 1869. He served throughout 
the civil war as quartermaster-sergeant in the 38tl 
Virginia regiment, Pickett’s division, C.S.A. He 


































PENINGTON 


ained deacon at Alexandria, June 26, 
nd priest at the same place by Bishop 
June 24, 1870. He was rector of Emman- 
rch, Goodson, Va; St. George’s church, 
avage, Md., 1870-73; Church of the Mes- 
: siah, Baltimore, 1873- 
77: was chosen mis- 
sionary bishop of 
Cape Palmas’ and 
parts. adjacent, West 
Africa, and was con- 
secrated in St. Paul’s 
church, Alexandria, 
Feb. 18; 1877, by 
Bishops Atkinson, 
Whittle, Pinkney, 
and Dudley. Hewas 
married in 1881 to 
Mary Hoge of Wheel- 
Igor Wr LV as o- He 
served in Africa until 
{ 1883, when he re- 
ned, and was rector of St. Andrew’s church, 
ouisville, Ky., 1883-93; general agent for com- 
ssion of the P.E. church for colored people, 1893- 
; rector of St. Mark’s church, Richmond, Va., 
06 99, and rector of Christ church, Fairmont, 
Va., from 1899. The honorary degree of D.D. 
s conferred on him by Kenyon college, 
mbier, Ohio, in 1877. Heis the author of: 
Than a Prophet (1880) ; Advice to the 
urch in Africa ; Hopes, Perils and Struggles of 
the Negroesin America ; What Can the Church do 
for the Negro in the United States? The Won- 
s of Christmas; Origin of the Church Build- 
ternal Life; The Science of Missions ; 
Life, Reign and Glory of Christ in the 
Our Dead—Our Memories—Our Lessons— 
Duties ; The Commonwealth and the Pris- 
a 
NINGTON, Edward, jurist, was born in 
phia, Pa., Dec. 4, 1726; son of Isaac 
igton, sheriff; grandson of Edward Pening- 
5 7-171), who immigrated in 1698 to 
lvania with William Penn (q. v.), his half 
marriage, was surveyor-general of 
e, and the author of: ‘‘The Discov- 
ered ” (1695), ‘* Rabshakeh Rebuked ” 
and ‘* Observations upon George Keith’s 
t Expostulation ” (1696). Edward Pening- 
|, was educated in Friends schools, became 
nt in Philadelphia and judge of the 
ommon pleas. In 1762 he was made by 
nbly of Pennsylvania, a trustee of the 
(Independence Hall) ‘‘ for the use of 
n of the Province and their Represen- 
He was attorney for Ann Penn and in 
ed Pennsbury Manor for sale; was 
2d a member of the American Philosophical 


i 
<e 


> 


PENN 


society in 1768, and treasurer of the Society for 
the Cultivation of Silk in 1770. He formed the 
committee of correspondence in May, 1774, and 
was a member of the Provincial convention of 
July, 1774. When, however, the British threat- 
ened Philadelphia in 1777, his loyalty to the 
colonists was suspected, and he was sent to Vir- 
ginia. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 4, 1796. 

PENINGTON, John, author, was born at Mul- 
berry Hill, Monmouth county, N. J., Aug. 1, 
1799 ; grandson of Edward Penington (q. v.) He 
attended the College of New Jersey and studied 
law with John Sergeant of Philadelphia, but did 
not graduate or practice. He became connected 
with the Bank of the United States and upon the 
failure of this institution, established a book 
store in Philadelphia. He was a member of the 
Historical society of Pennsylvania and of the 
American Philosophical society in 1889. The 
honorary degree of A. M. was conferred on him 
by the University of Pennsylvania in 1845. He is 
the author of: An Examination of Beauchamp 
Plantagenet’s Description of the Province of New 
Albion (1840); Scraps Osteologic and Archeeologi- 
cal (1841), and edited a ‘ Description of New 
York,” by Daniel Danton, published in 1670, which 
was reprinted by the Historical Society of Penn- 
sylvania (1845). He died in Philadelphia, Pa., 
March 18, 1867. 

PENN, John, governor of Pennsylvania, was 
born in London, England, July 14, 1729; son of 
Richard (1706-1771) and Hannah (Lardner) Penn, 
and grandson of William the founder, and Han- 
nah (Callowhill) Penn, He immigrated to Amer- 
ica early in life; was a member of the council 
of the colony of Pennsylvania, 1753-54, and after 
serving as commissioner to the congress at Al- 
bany in 1754, visited England, 1755-63, returning 
in 1763 as lieutenant-governor of the colony of 
Pennsylvania. The Mason and Dixon line was 
run during his administration in 1767-68, and in 


the latter year the treaty with the Indians at 


Fort Stanwix, N. Y., was accomplished. Upon 
his father’s death in 1771, he returned to England, 
where he remained until 1773, when he was ap- 
pointed governor of Pennsylvania. He opposed 
the action of the British parliament in its method 
of taxation of the colonists, but fearing a royal 
government for the province might supplant the 
proprietors took no active part in the contention 
withthecrown. In July, 1775, he was superseded 
by the committee of safety who doubted his 
loyalty to the colonies, and in 1776 by the su- 
preme executive council. He wasarrested, Aug. 
12, 1777, and imprisoned, but was released, May 
15, 1778, his rights as proprietor being set aside 
by the state legislature, June 28, 1779. His branch 
of the Penn family received £32,500 in compen- 
sation, and the Penn heirs later received from 


[205] 


PENN 


England £4000. He died in Bucks county, Pa. 
ana his remains were subsequently transferred 
trom under Christ church, Philadelphia, to the 
home of the Penns in England. The date of his 
death is Feb. 9, 1795. 

PENN, John, signer, was born in Caroline 
county, Va., May 17, 1741 ; son of Mosesand Cath- 
arine (Taylor) Penn. His early education was 
limited, owing to the neglect of his father, and 
when his father died in 1759 he began the study 
of law with his cousin Edmund Pendleton, and in 
1762 was admitted to the bar. He was married 
in 1763 to Susan Lyme. In 1774 he removed to 
Granville county, N.C., and established himself 
in practice. He was a delegate to the Continen- 
tal congress in 1775, succeeding Richard Caswell, 
who resigned to assume the governorship of North 
Carolina, and signed the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence in August, 1776. He was again a delegate 
to the Continental congress, 1777-80, and by re- 
quest of the North Carolina legislature, took 
charge of the affairs of the state during its occu- 
pation by the British army. He was appointed 
receiver of taxes for North Carolina by Robert 
Morris in 1784, but resigned after one month’s 
service, owing to the indifference of the people 
to support the cause of the colonies by their pro- 
portion of the tax levied. He died in Granville 
county, N. C., in September, 1788. 

PENN, William, founder of Pennsylvania, 
was born on Tower Hill, London, England, Oct. 
16, 1644; son of William (1621-1670) and Mar- 
His father was a lieuten- 
rear-admiral, vice-admiral and ad- 
miral in the English 
navy ; served in the 
first Dutch wars as 
general, 1653-55 ; was 
captain commander 
of the royal fleet in 
the fight against the 
Dutch fleet in 1664, 
and was knighted 
in 1697. William at- 
tended school at Chig- 
\ well and a_ private 
; school in London. 
He matriculated as a 
gentleman commoner 
at Christ church, Ox- 
ford university, and 
while there was foremost in opposing the in- 
troduction of a more elaborate ceremonial ser- 
vice into the church, became a_ follower of 
George Fox, and when a rule compelling all 
the students to wear college gowns was en- 
forced, led a rebellious band, who tore the 
vestments from the backs of their wearers. For 
this act he was expelled from the college. His 


garet (Jasper) Penn. 
ant, captain, 





[206] 


PENN 











































non-conformist views greatly displeased — 
father, who brought him to London and int ) 
duced him into the gayest society, hoping to 
change his notions. He joined the Society of 
Friends in 1667, which so enraged his father that 
he disowned him. He began to preach and write 
in behalf of the Friends, and in 1668 published a 
pamphlet entitled The Sandy Foundation Shaken, 
for which he was arrested and committed to the 
Tower. His imprisonment lasted nine months, 
during which time he wrote No Cross, No Crown. 
Upon his release he left London and resumed 
control of his estates in Cork, where he preached 
at the Friends meetings and wrote religion 
pamphlets. In 1670 he returned to London, 
again arrested, in company with William Mead, 
and wastried but not convicted. Upon the death of 
his father in 1692, he inherited a large estate, an 
in 1694 was iar to Gulielma Maria (Prou 
Springet. His wife died in 1694 and the same 
year, upon the withdrawal of the declaration of 
indulgence and the imprisonment of George Fox, 
Penn went to court in behalf of Fox, whose re 
lease he obtained fromthe Duke of York. About 
this time he engaged in a controversy wit h 
Richard Baxter. In 1677 he madea missionary 
voyage to Holland and Germany in company 
with Fox, Barclay and other prominent Quak 
He entered politics in the endeavor to m 
them contribute to the advancement of religi 
spoke for Algernon Sidney, who was a candi 
for parliament, and in 1680 entered upon 
great project which he had formed in his stu 
days, the planting of a colony in America. W 
the downfall of the Dutch rule in New York, 
Duke of York had become owner of New Jer: 
This he divided into West and East Jersey, 
ing the latter to Lord Berkeley and the forme 
Sir George Carteret, who in turn disposed of i 
Edward Byllinge, a Quaker. West Jersey 
became the property of Penn, as receiver of 
creditors of Byllinge. In 1679 East Jersey 
for sale and Penn, with eleven others, bou 
at auction. Twelve more Quarkers were é 
to this number and they appointed Robert _ 
clay governor of New Jersey. Penn found 
1680 that the king was in his father’s debt 
amount of 16,000 pounds, for unpaid salar 
loans, and he agreed to change the deb 
land in America. The territory thus obt 
was ‘‘ bounded on the east by the Delaware 
from twelve miles northward of New Cas 
the 40th degree of northern latitude. and on | 
south by a circle drawn twelve miles dis 
from New Castle unto the beginning of th 
degree of northern latitude, and then by a sti 
line westward to the limits of longitude a abow 
mentioned.” The charter was signed, Mar 
1681, and on Aug. 21, 1682, the Duke of 


PENN 





released the tract of land called Pennsylvania, 
to William Penn. He acquired the land as 
“ King’s tenant,” having the right to make laws, 
and to appoint judges and other officers. The 
laws enjoined that all persons who confessed one 
almighty God to be creator and ruler of the 
world and who lived peaceably and justly in 
society were not to be molested for their religious 
practice or ministry. All children at the age 
of twelve were to be taught some useful trade ; 
all proceedings in the courts of law were to be 
made as short as possible ; capital crimes to con- 
sist of two, murder and treason ; all prisons to 
be made into workhouses; no oaths to be re- 
quired, and drinking healths, trading in rum, 
cursing, lying, fighting, gaining and the pleasures 
of the theatre, were prohibited. Colonists 
soon sought the land across the sea, a hundred 
acres being promised for forty shillings; but in 
cleaning the ground, one acre of trees was to be 
left for every five acres cleared. The Indian 
difficulties were to be settled by a jury of six 
planters and six Indians. Penn sailed for the 
colony in 1682 onthe ship Welcome with one 
hundred passengers, mostly Quakers. Twenty- 
five died of smallpox on the voyage and the re- 
mainder landed at Newcastle, Del., Nov. 28, and 
entered Pennsylvania, Nov. 29, 1682. He estab- 


lished his capital city at a place called by the . 


Indians Coaquannoc and which he called Phila- 

delphia. He now made his famous treaty with 

the Indians, recognizing them as the owners of 

the land. Several meetings between the Quakers 

and Indians to transfer land took place beneath 
the spreading elm at Shackamaxton, June 23, 
1683. The generosity shown by Penn to the 
Indians contributed to peace, and emigrants 
arrived in large numbers. The indefinite bound- 
ary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland 
caused serious complications, as Lord Baltimore 
claimed considerable of the territory held by 
Penn, including Philadelphia. Hearing that 
Baltimore was on his way to England to lay the 
question before the privy council, Penn im- 
mediately followed him in August, 1684. Upon 
_the death of Charles IT., in 1685, and the accession 
of James, the Duke of York, Penn, although op- 
posed to the Roman Catholic religion, kept the 
position of favorite and agent of the court. He 
obtained the freedom of all Quakers, and sup- 
ported the king in the abolishment of the ‘‘ tests,” 
which prevented Roman Catholics from holding 
_ Office, claiming that the declaration of indulgence 
was the sovereign remedy of the English consti- 
tution. Thus during James’s reign Penn became 
influential in affairs of state. In 1688, when James 
" was dethroned and William of Orange suc- 
_ ceeded, Penn was arrested and upon examination 
_ said that he had done nothing but what he could 


_ 


PENNELL 


answer for before God and all the princes in the 
world and that he loved his country and the Pro- 
testant religion above his life. He was thereupon 
released, In 1690 he was accused of receiving a 
letter from James asking for help; but he replied 
that ‘‘ he could not hinder the king from writing 
to him,’’ and was again discharged. Laterin the 
year he was arrested with others, imprisoned for 
several months awaiting trial, and hearing after 
his release that another warrant was out against 
his liberty, hid himself for three years. He was 
publicly proclaimed a traitor and deprived of the 
government of his colony. His pardon was se- 
cured in 1693. Hewas married secondly, in 1695, 
to Hannah, daughter of Thomas and Hannah 
(Hollister) Callowhill of Bristol, England, In 
1699 Penn made his second visit, bringing his 
family with him to Philadelphia which was at 
this time a city of nearly seven thousand popula- 
tion. During his exile the colony had divided 
into two parties, the proprietary and the popular. 
The acting governor was asoldier and his warlike 
notions confused the Quakers. Although slaves 
were brought into the colony, they were well 
treated, Penn liberating them in 1701. When a 
movement to put anend to all proprietary govern- 
ments was instigated, Penn returned to England, 
Oct, 28,1701. Upon his withdrawal, disputes again 
arose in the colony on the question of bearing 
arms, and an unending strife began between tlie 
governor’s deputy and the people. Affairs became 
so disheartening that in 1712 he thought seri- 
iously of selling the governorship. His affairs in 
Ireland claimed his attention, since by an un- 
molested system of fradulent bookkeeping Penn 
found himself in debt to the estate of Philip 
Ford, his late manager, for more than ten thous- 
and pounds and Ford’s widow sued Penn for three 
thousand pounds’ rent, which was due from the 
property held by Penn as tenant. He was ar- 
rested while at a religious meeting ; was impris- 
soned for debt in the Fleet jail, but released by 
the subscription of his friends, and a com- 
promise was made with the Fords. The colony 
also was improving under the administration of a 
new governor and the province soon yielded 
Penn a substantial income. He _ suffered a 
paralytic stroke in 1712 which impaired his 
memory. He died at Ruscombe, Berkshire, 
England, July 30, 1718. 

PENNELL, Joseph, artist and author, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 4, 1860. He at- 
tended the Philadelphia public the 
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and the 
Pennsylvania School of Industrial Art. He was 
married to Elizabeth Robins. For his art work 
he was awarded honorable mention and medals 
at various exhibitions in Paris, Philadelphia 
and Chicago, and a gold medal at the World's 


schools, 


[207] 


PENNEY 


Fair, Paris, 1900. He made his home in London 
where he became a leading member of the So- 
ciety of Illustrators. His published works in- 
clude: A Canterbury Pilgrimage (1885); An 
Italian Pilgrimage (1886); Two Pilgrims’ Progress 
(1887) ; Our Sentimental Journey through France 
and Ttaly (1888) ; Pen Drawing and Pen Draughts- 
men (1889) ; Our Journey to the Hebrides (1889) ; 
Charing Cross to St. Paul’s, with notes by Justin 
McCarthy (1890) ; The Stream of Pleasure (1891) ; 
The Jew at Home (1892); Play in Provence 
(1892) ; To Gypsyland (1893) ; Modern TIllustra- 
tion(1895) ; The Illustration of Books (1896) ; The 
Alhambra (1896); The Work of Charles Keene 
(1897); Lithography and Lithographers (with his 
wife, 1899). 

PENNEY, Joseph, educator, was born in Ar- 
dahy, county Down, Ireland, Aug. 12, 1793. He 
was a student at Trinity college, Dublin; was 
graduated at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, 
in 1813; attended the Theological seminary at 
Ballinabusch, Ireland, 1815-19, and was licensed 
to preach by the presbytery of Down, March 2, 
1819. He immigrated to the United States in 
May, 1819; was engaged as an instructor at Eras- 
mus Hall, Flatbush, Long Island, N.Y., 1819-21; 
was ordained by the presbytery of Newburgh in 
1822, and was_pastor of the First Presbyterian 
church at Rochester, N.Y., 1822-382. He visited 
Europe during his pastorate and organized the 
first temperance society on the continent. He 
was pastor of the First Presbyterian church at 
Northampton, Mass., 1833-35 ; president and cura- 
tor of Hamilton college, Clinton, N.Y., 1835-39, 
pastor in New York city, 1839-43, and at Nyack, 
N.Y., 1843-47. He was active in promoting the 
causes of temperance and education. He resided 
at Grand Rapids, Mich., 1847-56, and in 1856 
returned to Rochester, N.Y. He was married, 
May 2, 1822, to Margaret, daughter of William 
Sterling, a merchant of New York city. He re- 
ceived the degree D.D. from Union college in 
1831. He diedin Rochester, N.Y., March 22, 1860. 

PENNINGTON, Alexander Cummings Mc- 
Whorter, representative, was born in Newark, 
N.J., July 2, 1810; son of Samuel (1765-1835) and 
Sarah (Hayes) Pennington; grandson of Samuel 
and Mary (Sandford) Pennington, and of Major 
Samuel and Sarah (Bruen) Hayes, and a descend- 
ant of Ephraim Pennington, New Haven, Conn., 
1643, and an original settler of Newark, N.J., and 
of Obediah Bruen of Newark, N.J., and New 
London, Conn., 1689, Alexander Pennington 
was appointed a cadet, U.S. Military academy, 
1826 ; resigned in 1828; was educated for the 
law, and practised in Newark. He was married, 
Feb. 1, 1836, to Ann Johnston, daughter of Robert 
and Ann Johnston (Pennington) Kennedy. He 
was a member of the New Jersey legislature for 


‘Whorter, soldier, 


[208] 





































PENNINGTON 


two years; a representative from the Essex dis- 
trict in the 33d and 34th congresses, 1853-57, 
and brigadier-general of New Jersey militia for 
several years. He removed to New York city in 
1857, where he continued his practice. He died 
in New York city, Jan. 25, 1867. ; 
PENNINGTON, Alexander Cummings Mc= 
was born in Newark, N.J. 
Jan. 8, 1838; son of Alexander Cummings Me- 
Whorter, representative, and Ann Johnston (Ken- 
nedy) Pennington. He was graduated from the 
U.S. Military acad- 
emy in 1860, and was 
promoted in the army 
brevet 2d leutenant 
of artillery, July 1, 
1860. He served in 
garrison at Fort slon- 
roe, Va., 1860-61, and 
was promoted 2d lieu- 
tenant, 2d artillery, 
Keb... 1, 18617 > ie 
served during the. 
civil war in garrison 
at Washington, D.C., 
in 1861; in the de- 
fence of Fort Pick- 
ens, Fla., 1861-62; 
was promoted 1st lieutenant May, 14, 1861; was” 
engaged in the Virginia Peninsular campaign, 
March to August, 1862, in Horse Battery A, 
2d artillery, and in the Maryiand Rappahan- 
nock and Pennsylvania campaigns, September, 
1862, to July, 1863, commanding Horse Battery 
M, od artillery. He was brevetted captain, June, 
9, 1863, for gallant and meritorious services at 
the battle of Beveriy Ford, Va., and breveited 
major, July 3, 1868, for gallant and meritorious 
services in the Gettysburg campaign. He was 
engaged in the Rapidan and Richmond cam- 
paigns, 1863-64; was promoted captain, March 
30, 1864; served in General Sheridan’s Shenan- 
doah campaign, August to October, 1864; was 
promoted colonel of the 3d New Jersey cavalry 
volunteers, Oct. 1, 1864, and commanded the Ist. 
brigade, 8d cavalry division, October, 1864, to 
May, 1865. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, 
Oct. 19, 1864, for gallant and meritorious conduct 
in the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., and partici- 
pated in Sheridan’s raid, Feb. 12 to March 26, 
1865. He commanded the 1st brigade, 3d cavalry 
division, in the Richmond campaign, March t to 
April, 1865, was brevetted colonel, U.S.A., Marc i: 
18, 1865, for gallant and meritorious ser vices dur- 
ing the war and brigadier-general, U.S.V., July 
15, 1865, for faithful and meritorious services, and 
was mustered out of the volunteer service, Aug. 
1,1865. He commanded a battery at San Francisco, 
Cal., 1865-67; was on various posts, 1867-85; was pro- 


* PENNINGTON 















































ed major in the 4th artillery Nov. 8, 1882; 
s adirector of instruction in the U. S. artillery 
school at Fort Monroe, 1885-92, and artillery in- 

yector of the Department of the East, 1892-96. 

E de was promoted lieutenant-colonel of 4th artil- 
, Nov. 28, 1892; colonel of 2d artillery Oct. 
1896, and was stationed at Fort Adams, R.L., 
r 1896-08 Upon the outbreak of the war att 
Spain he was commissioned brigadier-general of 
U.S. volunteers, commanding at Camp Black, 
‘L.L, May to July, 1898, and was in command of 
the Department of the Gulf, July 4, 1898, to March 
22 1899. He was promoted brigadier-general, 
U.S.A., Oct. 16, 1899, and was retired at his own 
request, Oct. 17, 1899. He was married, Feb. 5, 
1863, to Clara Miller. daughter of the Rev. John 
French, chaplain and professor of ethics, U.S, 
‘Military academy, West Point, N.Y. He was 
€ lected a member of the Military Order of Foreign 
Wars, the Military Order of American Wars, 
and d the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of 
e United States. The degree of M. A. was 
iferred upon him by the College of New Jersey 


"PENNINGTON, William, governor of New Jer- 
‘sey, was born in Newark, N.J., May 4, 1796; son 
f Goy. William Sandford and Phoebe (Wheeler) 
P ennington. He was graduated from the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, A.B. 1813, A.M., 1816. He 
was clerk of the U.S. district court, 1815-26 ; 
udied law with Theodore Frelinghuysen; was 
admitted to the bar in 1820, and practised in 
XN ewark. He married Caroline, daughter of Dr. 
William Burnet. He was a representative in the 
state assembly; was elected governor of the state 
in 1837, to succeed Philemon Dickerson, and serv- 
ed by successive re-elections until 1843. He also 
ved ea officio as chancellor and judge of the 
ative court. During his gubernatorial 
stration the ‘‘ broad seal war” occurred, 
by the congressional election of 1888. Six 
ntatives were to be elected from New 
*y on a general ticket; the validity of the 

n of five of these was questioned, and Gov- 
- Pennington was obliged to commission 
who should properly represent the state. 
therefore commissioned the five Whig can- 
es who, according to the statistics, had the 
ity of votes. When it was found that the 
votes from New Jersey must decide the 
cership of the house, an excited debate took 
oJ ohn Quiney Adams presiding as temporary 
irman. The result was the election of Robert 
‘Hunter as speaker and the five Democratic 
bers from New Jersey were admitted to 
I Beer eerable feeling was hg yee by the 


ss eed under the * Fel seal” of a sover- 
state of the United States. Governor 


PENNOCK 


Pennington was a Republican representative in 
the 35th congress, 1859-61, and was chosen speak- 
er after a contest extending over two months. 
He was a trustee of the College of New Jersey, 
1848-62. His death was caused by a dose of mor- 
phine administered through the blunder of a 


druggist. He died in Newark, N.J., Feb. 16, 1862, 
PENNINGTON, William Sandford, governor 


of New Jersey, was born in Newark, N.J., in 1757; 
son of Samuel and Mary (Sandford) Pennington ; 
grandson of Judah Pennington, and a descendant 
of Ephraim Pennington, New Haven, 1643. He at- 
tended the district schools and was apprenticed 
to his maternal uncle, a Royalist, who cancelled 
his indentures when William joined the patriot 
army. He served in the 2d nas 
regiment, New Jersey artil- 
lery, under General Knox, 
and in 1780 was commis- fie 
sioned a lieutenant. He \ 
was wounded at the siege of 
Yorktown, and attained the 
rank of captain in the U.S. 
army. He engaged in various employments after 
his resignation; wasa representative in the state 
assembly in 1797, and in 1801 a member of the 
council. He studied law with Elias Boudinot, 
was admitted to the bar in 1802 and practised in 
Newark. He married Phoebe, daughter of Capt. 
James Wheeler, a Revolutionary soldier. He was 
elected an associate justice of the supreme court 
of New Jersey, Feb. 28, 1804; was chosen gov- 
ernor of the state and chancellor ex officio to suc- 
ceed Aaron Ogden in 1813, and served until he 
succeeded Robert Morris, deceased, as judge of 
the U.S. district court ,of New Jersey, serving as 
such, 1815-26. Heisthe author of Supreme Court 
Reports (1803-16). He died in Newark, N.J., 
Sept. 17, 1826. 

PENNOCK, Alexander Mosely, naval officer, 
was born in Norfolk, Va., Nov. 1, 1818. He was 
appointed a midshipman in the U.S. navy in 
April, 1828; served in the Pacific and Brazilian 
squadrons, 1828-34; was promoted passed mid- 
shipman in 1834, and was attached to the Medi- 
terranean and East Indian squadrons, 1834-39. He 
was commissioned lieutenant in March, 1839, and 
commander in December, 1855. He was a mem- 
ber of the Paraguay expedition, 1859-60, in com- 
mand of the steamer Southern Star. He was 
promoted captain, Jan. 2, 1863, was fleet captain 
of the Mississippi squadron, 1862-64 ; was on duty 
at the Brooklyn navy yard, 1866-67 ; and was given 
command of the flag-ship Franklin of the Euro- 
pean squadron in 1868 ; was promoted commodore, 
May 6, 1868, and in 1869 commanded the entire 
European squadron. He was promoted rear- 
admiral in 1872 and retired in 1875. He died at 
Portsmouth, N.H., Sept. 20, 1876. 





[209] 


PENNOYER 


PENNOYER, Sylvester, governor of Oregon, 
was born in Groton, N.Y., July 6, 18381; son of 
Justus Powers and Elizabeth (Howland) Pen- 
noyer, and a descendant of Robert Pennoyer, 
who came to Massachusetts in 1670 and left real 
estate yielding £40 annually, to Har vard college. 
He was graduated at Homer academy, at Harvard 
law school in 1854, and in 1855 moved to Oregon, 
where he was married to Mary A. Allen of Port- 
land. He engaged in teaching school, 1855-60, 
and subsequently in lumbering. He was editor 
of the Oregon Herald, 1868-71; was elected gov- 
ernor of Oregon in 1886 and 1890, serving 1887-95, 
and was mayor of Portland, 1896. He died in 
Portland, Oregon, May 30, 1902. 

PENNYBACKER, Isaac Samuels, senator, was 
born in Shenandoah county, Va., Sept. 3, 1805; 
son of Benjamin and Sarah (Samuels) Penny- 
backer ; grandson of Capt. Dirck, a Revolutionary 
war officer, and Hannah (De Haven) Penny- 
backer, and a descendant of Hendrick and Eve 
(Umstat) Pannebecker, the founders of the family 
in America. Isaac 8S. Pennybacker matriculated 
at Washington college, Va., but did not graduate ; 
studied in the Winchester law school; was ad- 
mitted to the bar, and settled in practice in Har- 
risonburg, Va. He was married in May, 1882, to 
Sarah A., daughter of Col. Zebulon Dyer. Hewas 
a Democratic representative from the fourteenth 
Virginia district in the 25th congress, 1837-39, 
and was judge of the U.S. district court of West- 
ern Virginia, 1839-45. He declined the office of U.S. 
attorney-general, that of justice of the supreme 
court of Virginia, and the nomination of the 
Democratic party for governor of the state. He 
was elected to the U.S. senate in 1845, succeeding 
W. C. Rives, his term to expire March 38, 1851. 
He was appointed a regent of the Smithsonian 
Institution by President Polk. He died in Wash- 
ington, D.C., Jan. 12, 1847. 

PENNYPACKER, Galusha, soldier, was born 
at Valley Forge, Pa., June 1, 1844; son of Joseph, 
junior, and Tamson Amelia (Workizer) Penny- 
packer, and grandson of Joseph and Elizabeth 
(Funk) Pennypacker, and of John and Sarah 
(Rooks) Workizer. His father was a volunteer 
aide on the staff of General Worth during the 
Mexican war, and his great-grandfather, Mat- 
thias Pennypacker, was a bishop of the Menno- 
nite church and grandson of Hendrick Panne- 
becker, the immigrant, a native of Holland, a 
surveyor for the Penns, and a large landholder in 
Pennsylvania. Galusha Pennypacker attended 
the Phoenixville Classical institute and left school 
in April, 1861, to enter the army as a non-com- 
missioned staff officer in the 9th Pennsylvania 
three months’ volunteers. At the close of his 
enlistment he entered the volunteer army for 
the war, Aug. 22, 1861, as captain in the 97th 


wes 


PENNYPACKER 


Pennsylvania volunteers ; was promoted major, 
Oct. 7, 1861, and served in the 10th army corps, 
department of the south, 1862-65, commanding 
his regiment in the 1st brigade, in Gen. A. H. 
Terry’s seige operations on Morris Island, 8. C., 
August-September, 1863. He commanded a most 
successful expedition 
against Woodstock 
Mills, Fla., in Feb- 
ruary, 1864, and in 
April, 1864, was 
placed in command 
of the post at Fer- 
nandina, having been 
promoted lieutenant- 
colonel, April 3, 1864, 
He was transferred © 
to the Army of the 
James under Gen. B. 
F. Butler, and was 
promoted colonel, 
June 238, 1864. He 
was in action at 
Swift’s Creek, May 9; Drewry’s Bluff, May 16, 
and Chester Station, May 18, 1864. He com- 
manded his regiment in the charge upon Pickett’s 
division at Green Plains, May 20; lost 176 of 
295 men ; was carried off the field after receiving 
three wounds, and was in the hospital at Fort 
Monroe for three months. He was assigned to 
the command of the 2d brigade, 2d division, 10th 
corps in September, 1864, and took part in the 
engagements at Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plain 
and Malvern Hill; in the trenches before Peters- 
burg, and in the capture of New Market Heights. 


He was wounded and his horse shot under him in ~ 


an unsuccessful attempt to capture Fort Gilmer ; 
was in command of the 2d brigade, 2d division, 
24th corps before Petersburg in December, 1864, 


and took part in Gen. B. F. Butler’s unsuccessful 


effort to capture Fort Fisher, N.C.. Dec. 25, 1864, 
and in the capture of the fort by General Terry, 
Jan. 15, 1865. He was the first brigade com- 
mander to gain the third traverse of the fort, 


where he planted the flag of his old regiment, the © 


97th Pennsylvania, and desperately wounded, 
fell inside of the fort, followed and rescued by 
his men. 
for ten months. General Terry claimed that but 
for his bravery the assault would probably have 
failed, and designated him the real ‘‘ hero of Fort 
Fisher.” He was brevetted brigadier-general of 
volunteers, Jan. 15, 1865; was promoted to that 
rank Feb. 18, 1865, and brevetted major-general 
of volunteers, March 138, 1865. The medal of 
honor was conferred on him by congress for dis- 
tinguished bravery in the battle, and he was ap- 
pointed colonel of the 34th U.S. infantry, July 28, 
1866 ; soon transferred to the 16th U.S. infantry ; 


[210] 





He was in the hospital at Fort Monroe— 


=] 


a ey tore 


+ 
fe Cera, “, 











ie > 





PENNYPACKER 


brevetted brigadier-general and major-general 
U.S.A., March 2, 1867, and placed on the retired 
list of the regular army on account of disability 
from wounds received in action, July 3, 1885. 
Prior to his retirement he saw considerable ser- 
vice in the regular army, in command at various 
posts in the south and west. He was wounded 
seven times within eight months: was the young- 
est officer to hold the full rank of general in the 
volunteer army, and the youngest officer in the 
regular army to hold the rank of colonel and 
brevet major-general. 

PENNYPACKER, Samuel Whitaker, jurist, 
was born in Phoenixville, Pa., April 9, 1843 ; son 
of Dr. Isaac and Anna Maria (Whitaker) Penny- 
packer ; grandson of Bishop Matthias and Sarah 
(Anderson) Pennypacker, and of Joseph and 
Grace Whitaker, and a descendant of Hendrick 
and Eve(Umstat) Pannebecker. Hendrick Panne- 
becker emigrated from Homborn, on the upper 
Rhine, to Pennsylvania, about 1699, and settled 
on Skippack Creek, where he became a large 
landholder and surveyor of public lands for the 
Penns. Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker was edu- 
eated in the West Philadelphia institute ; served 
asa private in the 26th emergency regiment in 
1863, and was graduated at the University of 
Pennsylvania, LL.B., in 1866. He was married, 
Oct. 20, 1870, to Virginia Earl, daughter of Nathan 
B. Broomall, of Phoenixville, Pa. He was made 
president of the Law Academy of Philadelphia 
in 1868; served on the board of public education 
of Philadelphia and was controller of public 
schools for the 29th ward, 1886-89, and was ad- 
mitted to practice in the U.S. supreme court in 
1887. He was judge of the court of common 
pleas of Philadelphia, by appointment under 
Governor Beaver to fill a vacancy, 1889-90, and 
by election, 1890-1900, and served as president 
judge of the court. In 1902 he was elected gov- 
ernor of Pennsylvania by the Republican party. 
He was elected a member of numerous scientific, 
historical and patriotic societies; was a trustee 
of the University of Pennsylvania from 1886; 
state commissioner of the Valley Forge reserva- 
tion ; founder and manager of the Pennsylvania 
society, Sons of the Revolution; a vice-provost 
of the Philadelphia Law academy, and a member 
of the supervisory committee on the restoration 
of Independence Hall. He received the honor- 
ary degree of LL.B. from Franklin and Marshall 
college. In his library he collected about 7000 
printed books on early Pennsylvania, of which 
260 were from the press of Benjamin Franklin, 
and his collection relating to the German coloni- 
zation of Pennsylvania was the largest” ever 


made. He compiled, together with E. G. Platt 


and SamuelS. Hollingsworth, a Digest of the Eng- 
lish Common Law Reports (1879); Pennypacker’s 


PENROSE 


Supreme Court Cases (4 vols.); Pennsylvania 
Colonial Cases, and aided in the preparation of 
Weekly Notes of Cases (40 vols.). He is the author 
of the Annals of Pheenixville and Its Vicinity 
(1878); The Pennypacker Reunion (1878); Histor- 
ical and Biographical Sketches, many of which 
have been translated in Dutch and German (1883), 
and The Settlement of Germantown. 

PENROSE, Boies, senator, was born in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., Nov. 1, 1860; son of Dr. Richard 
Alexander and Sarah Hannah (Boies) Penrose ; 
grandson of the Hon. Charles Bingham and Val- 
eria Fullerton (Biddle) Penrose, and great-grand- 
son of Clement Biddle Penrose, one of the com- 
missioners appointed by Jefferson for the Louisi- 
ana territory. He was graduated at Harvard in 
1881, and was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 
1883. Hewas a representative in the Pennsyl- 
vania legislature in 1885; a member of the state 
senate, 1887-97, and president pro tempore of the 
senate in 1889 and 1891. He was a Republican 
U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, 1897-1909, serv- 
ing as chairman of the committee on immigra- 
tion, and as a member of many important com- 
mittees. He contributed several chapters on 
municipal law to the American and English En- 
cyclopedia of Law, and with Edward P, Allinson 
wrote : Philadelphia ; a History of Municipal De- 
velopment (1887). 

PENROSE, Stephen Beasley Linnard, edu- 
eator, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 20, 
1864; son of the Hon. Clement Biddle and Mary 
(Linnard) Penrose ; grandson of the Hon. Charles 
Bingham and Valeria Fullerton (Biddle) Penrose, 
and of Stephen Beasley and Emily (l.) Linnard. 
He was graduated from Williams college in 1885, 
and from Yale, B.D., 1890. He taught school at 
Pottstown, Pa., 1885-86 ; was instructor of Greek 
and elocution at Williams college, 1886-87, and in 
1890 was sent as home missionary by the Congre- 
gational Home Missionary society to Dayton, 
Washington. He was pastor of the Congrega- 
tional church at Dayton, 1890-94, and in 1894 was 
elected president of and Cushing Eells professor 
of mental and moral science at Whitman college, 
Walla Walla, Wash. He was married in 1896, to 
Mary Deming, daughter of Judge Nathaniel Ship- 
man, of Hartford, Conn, He was made a corpo- 
rate member of A.B.C.F.M. and honorary member 
of several religious and educational societies. 

PENROSE, William Henry, soldier, was born 
at Madison Barracks, Sacket Harbor, N.Y., 
March 10, 1832; son of Capt. James Wilkinson, 
1808-1849 (U.S.A.) and Mary Ann (Hoffman) 
Penrose ; grandson of Clement Biddle (1771-1820) 
and Ann Howard (Bingham) Penrose; great 
grandson of James (1737-1778) and Sarah (Biddle) 
Penrose ; great?-grandson of Thomas (1709-1757) 
and Sarah (Coats) Penrose and great*-grandson 


[211] 


PENTECOST 


of Bartholomew (the emigrant from Cornwall, 
England, about 1700, ship-builder in Philadelphia) 
and Hester (Leech) Penrose. He attended Dick- 
inson college, Pa., in 1849, and engaged in busi- 
ness as a civil and mechanical engineer in 
Michigan. He was commissioned 2d lieutenant 
in the 3d U.S. infantry, April 13, 1861, and was 
promoted ist lieutenant, May 14, 1861. He was 
appointed colonel of the 15th New Jersey volun- 
teers, April 18, 1863, and commanded the Ist 
brigade, Ist division, 6th corps from the afternoon 
of the first day’s fight at Chancellorsville (2d 
Fredericksburg) until three days before the fight 
at Gettysburg, when Gen. A. T. A. Torbert, absent 
by reason of wounds received at Crampton’s Gap 
Sept. 14, 1862, returned. Hecommanded the reg- 
iment at Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863; in Grant’s 
campaign against Richmond early in 1864, and 
again commanded the Ist brigade, 1st division, 6th 
army corps at Cold Harbor, June ‘1, 1864; and 
through the Wilderness campaign, having been 
placed in command without regard to rank, being 
the junior of four colonels while engaged on the 
battlefield in front of Spottsylvania Court House ; 
continuing in command through the Shenandoah 
valley under Sheridan, and being wounded at 
Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864. He was brevetted 
captain, May 8, 1868, for Marye’s Heights, Va., 
and major, July 2, 1863, for Gettysburg ; promoted 
captain, Sept. 11, 1863; brevetted lieutenant- 
colonel, May 5, 1864, for the Wilderness, Va., 
colonel, Oct. 19, 1864. for Cedar Creek, Va., brig- 
adier-general of volunteers, Oct. 19, 1864, for 
Middletown, Va., and brigadier-general U.S.A., 
April 9, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services 
in the field during the war. He was promoted 
brigadier-general of volunteers, June 27, 1865, and 
was honorably mustered out of the volunteer ser- 
vice Jan. 15, 1866. He was promoted major of 
the 12th infantry, May 31, 1883 ; lieutenant-colonel 
of the 16th infantry, Aug. 21, 1888, and colonel of 
the 20th infantry, Nov. 28, 1898. He was trans- 
ferred to the 16th infantry, Sept. 15. 1894, and was 
retired, March 10, 1896, by operation of law. He 
invented a set of infantry equipments recom- 
mended for use in the army by a board of ofticers. 
In 1903 he was residing at Salt Lake City, Utah, 
where he conducted a mining bureau of informa- 
tion. 

PENTECOST, George Frederick, clergyman 
and author, was born in Albion, IIl., Sept. 23, 
1842; son of Hugh Lockett and Emma (Flower) 
Pentecost; grandson of Scarboro and Phebe 
(Lockett) Pentecost and of Georg and Eliza 
Julia (Andrews) Flower, anda descendant of Eng- 
lish (Flower), Huguenot (Pentecost), and Jewish 
(Andrews) ancestors. He was educated in the 
public schools; learned the printer’s trade, and 
served as clerk of the U.S. district court for 


PEPPER 


Kansas Territory in 1858 and as private secretary 
to Gov. Samuel Medary in 1858-59. He matri- 
culated at Georgetown college in Kentucky in 
1861, but left the following year to enter the 
Union army in the 8th Kentucky cavalry, in 
which he attained the rank of captain. He re- 
signed to accept the chaplaincy of the regiment, 
which position he held, 1862-63. On Oct. 6, 1863, 
he was married to Ada, daughter of Dr. Augustus 
Webber of Hopkinsville, Ky. Having been 
licensed to preach in the Baptist church in 1862, 
he was settled pastor at Greencastle, Ind., 1864; 
Evansville, Ind., 1866-67 ; Covington, Ky., 1867- 
68; Brooklyn, N.Y., 1868-71 and 1880-87, and 
Boston, Mass., 1871-80. He engaged in evangeli- 
cal work in Scotland, 1887-88, and as a special 
missioner to the English speaking Brahmins in 
India, 1889-91. He was minister to Marylebone 
Presbyterian church in London, Eng., 1891-97, 
and pastor of the First Presbyterian church, 
Yonkers, N.Y., from 1897 until 1902, when he 
resigned, to resume work of evangelistic and 
missionary character. He received the honorary 
degree of A.M. from Hamilton, 1870, and that of 
D.D. from Lafayette, 1884. On Sept. 13, 1902, 
he was sent to the Philippine Islands, China and 
Japan as special representative of the Presbyterian 
Board of Foreign Missions and of the American 
Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions. 
He edited Words and Weapons for Christian 
Workers, a monthly, 1885-90; and is the author 
of: In the Volume of the Book (1876) The Angel 
in the Marble (1876); A South Window (1876) ; 
Out of Egypt (1884); Bible Studies (10 vols., 
1880-89) ; Birth and Boyhood of Christ (1896) ; 
Forgiveness of Sins (1897) ; Systematic Beneficence 
(1897) ; Precious Truths (1898) ; and several tracts 
and pamphlets. 

PEPPER, Charles Hovey, artist, was born in 
Waterville, Maine, Aug. 27, 1864 ; son of George 
Dana Boardman (q.v.) and Annie (Grassie) 
Pepper. He was graduated at Coburn Classical 
institute, Waterville, 1884, and at Colby uni- 
versity under the presidency of his father, A.B. 
1889, A.M. 1892. He was married in July, 1889, to 
Frances Coburn of Skowhegan, Maine. Hestudied 
at the Art Students’ league, New York city, 1890- 
95, and under Aman-Jean and Jean Paul Laurens, 
Paris, France, 1898-95. He exhibited in the 
Paris Salon, 1894, 1895, 1897 and 1898, and also in 
Berlin, Dresden, Vienna, New York, Philadelphia, 


Chicago,and at Bing’s Gallery, Paris (private ex-— 


hibition), 1897. He was elected a member of the 
New York and Boston Water Color clubs and after 
July, 1898, resided and had his studio in Concor 
Mass. ; 
PEPPER, George Dana Boardman, educator, 
was born in Ware, Mass., Feb. 5, 1833; son of 
John and Eunice (Hutchinson) Pepper; and 


[212] 


. 


«s oc <n ral 














PEPPER 


grandson of Stephen and Sarah (Simonds) Pepper. 
He was graduated at Williston seminary, East- 
hampton, Mass., in 1853, at Amherst college, A.B., 
1857, and at Newton Theological institution in 
1860. He was ordained to the ministry Sept. 6, 
1860, and was married Nov. 29, to Annie, 
daughter of George and Elizabeth (Field) Grassie 
of Bolton, Mass. He was pastor of the Baptist 
church, Waterville, Me., 1860-65; professor of 
ecclesiastical history in Newton Theological in- 
stitution, 1865-67 ; of Christian theology at Crozer 
Theological seminary, Upland, Pa., 1867-82; 
president and professor of intellectual and moral 
philosophy at Colby university, Waterville, 
COLBY UN'VERSITY 








. r Te ae 
= => SS e=" 

Maine, 1882-89, and pastor at Saco, Maine, 1890-92, 
During his term of office at Colby, the Shannon 
observatory and the physical laboratory were 
erected and two professorships were added. He 
traveled and preached, 1889-92; was made pro- 
fessor of Biblical literature at Colby university 
in 1892 and served as acting president in 1895. 
He resigned his professorship in 1900 but con- 
tinued to reside in Waterville. He received the 
degree of D.D. from Colby in 1867 and from 
Amherst in 1882, that of LL.D. from the Uni- 
versity of Lewisburg in 1882, and from Colby in 
1890. He wrote the monthly expositions of the 
**TInternational Sunday-School Lessons” for the 
Baptist Teacher (about 1870-71); published 
occasional sermons, addresses, reviews, and 
essays; andisthe author of: Outlines of Syste- 
matie Theology (1873) ; Lecture IV in ‘‘ Madison 
Avenue Lectures” (1867) ; and the chapter on 
Baptist Doctrine during the Century in the Cen- 
tennial volume of Baptists (1876). 

PEPPER, George Seckel, philanthropist, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 11, 1808; son of 
George and Mary (Seckel) Pepper. He was 
graduated from the College of New Jersey in 
1827, and was admitted to the bar in 1830, but 
did not practice. He was left a large estate by 
his father, and devoted himself to its manage- 
ment, and to philanthrophic work. He was 
interested in the principal financial concerns of 
Philadelphia, was president of the American 
Academy of Music, and of the Pennsylvania 
Academy of Fine Arts. His estate amounted to 
Several millions of dollars of which he bequeathed 





PEPPER 


$150,000 for the erection of a public library in 
Philadelphia ; $60,000 for the endowmen. of a 
professorship in the University of Pennsylvania, 
$50,000 each to the Pennsylvania Academy of 
Fine Arts, the hospital of the University of 
Pennsylvania, the hospital of the Protestant 
Episcopal church, the Pennsylvania hospital, 
and the hospital of Jefferson Medical college, as 
well as generous bequests to the numerous 
hospitals, charitable and religious institutions, 
scientific organizations, libraries, schools and 
colleges, the total bequests aggregating $1,034,000. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., May 2, 1890. 

PEPPER, George Wharton, lawyer and educa- 
tor, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 16, 
1867 ; son of George and Hitty Markoe (Wharton) 
Pepper; grandson of William and Sarah (Platt) 
Pepper and of George Mifflin and Maria (Markoe) 
Wharton. He was graduated from the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania, A.B. (valedictorian), 1887 ; 
LL.B. (law orator), 1889, and was admitted to the 
bar. While an undergraduate, he edited the 
Pennsylvanian and the University Magazine, was 
active in college athletics and took the principal 
role in the ‘*‘ Acharnians,” a Greek play performed 
in the original by the students of the University. 
He was a fellow of the law department, 1889-92. 
He was married, Nov. 25, 1890, to Charlotte 
Root, daughter of Prof. George Park Fisher 
(q.v.). In 1893 he accepted the Algernon Sydney 
Biddle prefessorship of law in the University of 
Pennsylvania. He was active in the cause 
of the reform of methods of equal education, 
and his paper upon that subject read before the 
Pennsylvania Bar association in 1895 was the 
starting point for the important changes which 
followed in that commonwealth. He became a 
member of the American Philosophical society, 
and the Pennsylvania society, Sons of the Revolu- 
tion. He edited The American Law Register and 
Review, 1892-95; and is the authorof: The 
Borderland of Federal and State Decisions (1899) ; 
Pleading at Common Law ard under the Codes 
(1891); Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania (1893- 
97, jointly with Wm. Draper Lewis), and of the 
Digest of Decisions and Encyclopdeia of Penn- 
sylvania Law 1754-1898 (jointly with William 
Draper Lewis). Of this work the thirteenth 
volume appeared in 1902. 

PEPPER, William, educator, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 21, 1843; son of Dr. 
William and Sarah (Platt) Pepper. He was 
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 
A.B., 1862, M.D., 1864, A.M., 1865; established 
himself in practice in Philadelphia, and attained 
high rank as a physician, both in private practice 
and as official physician to hospitals. He was 
lecturer at the University of Pennsylvania on 
morbid anatomy, 1868-70, on clinical medicine, 


[213] 


PEPPER 


1870-74, and on physical diagnosis, 1871-73. He 
was married in 1873, to Frances Sergeant, daugh- 
ter of Christopher Grant Perry. He was pro- 
fessor of clinical medicine, 1874--84; professor of 
fe theory and practice of medicine, 1884--98 ; 
provost of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsyl- 
vania, 1881-94, and 
as such was largely 
instrumental in the 
growth of the Ameri- 
can Society for the 
Extension of Univer- 
sity Teaching. He 
.. was foremost in es- 
\"S tablishing the uni- 
‘ versity hospital, of 
S which he was man- 
ans te ager, 1874--98; gave 

kpyy So? $50,000 for the found- 
Lillia Tipe: ing of the laboratory 
of clinical medicine, 

and endowed it with $50,000, Dec. 4, 1894. On 
resigning the office of provost, April 28, 1894, he 
gave $59,000 for the extension of hospital build- 
ings. He was one of the founders of the 
Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial 
Art, and a member of its board of managers for 
several years. He was a director of the Centen- 
nial exposition, 1875--76, and for his services 
received from the King of Sweden the decoration 
of Knight Commander of the Order of St. Olaf, 
in 1877. He was elected a member of the Assay 
commission of the U.S. mint in 1882; was presi- 
dent of the Pan-American Medical Congress of 
Washington in 1893, and of the Foulke and Long 
Institute for Orphan Girls, 1886--98; became a 
member of the Pathological Society of Philadel- 
phia in 1865, and its president, 1878--76; was 
elected a member of the American Philological 
society in 1870; of the Academy of Natural 
Science of Philadelphia in 1867--76, and of its 
biological section, 1868--74; a member of the 
Obstetric Society of Philadelphia, 1870-82 ; of the 
American Neurology association, 1874--98; cor- 
responding member of the New York Society 
of Neurology and Electrology, 1874-98, and was a 
regular or honorary member, and an officer of 
the leading medical societies of the United States. 
The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on 
him by Lafayette college in 1881. He founded the 
Philadelphia Medical Times and was its editor, 
1870-71, and with John F. Meigs, M.D., edited 
System of Medicine by American Authors (5 vols. 
1885--86). He isthe author of: Strephining in 
Cerebral Disease (1871); Social Treatment of 
Pulmonary Cavities (1874); Sanitary Relations 
of Hospitals (1875); Higher Medical Education 
(1877); Report of the Medical Department of the 





[214] 


PERCHE 






Centennial Exposition (1877); Catarrhal Irrita- 
tion (1881); Epilepsy (1883); Phthisis in Pennsyl- 
vania (1886); and a text book of the Theory and 
Practice of Medicine (1893), and many contribu- 
tions to medical and literary journals. He died 
in Pleasanton, Cal., July 28, 1898. 
PEPPERRELL, William, soldier, was born in 
Kittery, Maine, June 27, 1696; son of Col. Wil- 
liam and Margery (Bray) Pepperrell. His father 
came to America from Tavistock, Cornwall, 
Eng., and engaged in the fishing trade, first on 
the Isles of Shoals, and subsequently at Kittery, 
where he was married. William, their only son, 
studied land surveying and navigation under a 
tutor ; and became a successful ship-builder and 
marine merchant in partnership with his father, 
as William Pepperrell & Son. He was made 
justice of the peace and captain of a company of — 
cavalry in 1717, and received promotions to the 
ranks of major, lieutenant-colonel, and brevet 
colonel, having charge of the entire militia of 
Maine. He wasa representative in the general 
court of Massachusetts in 1726; a member of the 
Governor’s council, 1727-59, and secretary of the . 
board for thirteen years. He was married, 
March 16, 1728, to a niece of the Rev. Samuel 
Moody, of New York city. He was chief justice 
of the court of common pleas, 1730--59. In 1744 
he was commander-in-chief of New England 
volunteers, and marched against Louisburg, the 
strongest fortress in America. He was supported 
by a small squadron under Commodore Warren, 
and after a siege of forty-nine days compelled its 
surrender, June 17, 1745. For this service he 
received the thanks of the colonists, and was 
created a baronet of Great Britain, being the first 
American to receive that honor. He retired 
from business, having amassed a large fortune, 
and entertained lavishly at his house at Kittery. 
In 1755 he raised and equipped troops for the 
French and Indian war, and was commissioned 
major-general, He was acting governor of 
Massachusetts, 1756--58, and was commissioned 
lieutenant-generalin 1759. He is the author of: 
Conference with the Penobscot Tribe (1758). He 
died in Kittery, Maine, July 6, 1759. 
PERCHE, Napoleon Joseph, archbishop, was 
born in Angers, France, Jan. 30, 1805. He became 
a professor of philosophy, 1823 ; entered the Semi- 
nary of Beaupreau in 1825, where he was prepared 
for the priesthood and ordained priest, Sept. 19, 
1829. He accompanied Bishop Flaget to the United 
States in 1837, and engaged in missionary work 
in Kentucky. He formed a congregation at Port- 
land, Ky., built the church of Our Lady, and in 
1841 went to Louisiana to collect money to free 
it from debt. Through his eloquent preaching 
while in New Orleans he received an invitation 
from Archbishop Blanc to settle in that city, 


> == ee 


a eS ae 
as 7 





a — 











» 


PERCIVAL 


and was appointed almoner to the Ursuline con- 
vent. During the schism in New Orleans, which 
was occasioned by Archbishop Blanc’s refusal to 
appoint certain priests, he established and edited 
Le Propagateur Catholique in support of the 
archbishop, and finally restored peace. The pub- 
lication then became the chief organ of the 
French people in the south. He was elected coad- 
jutor to Archbishop Odin in 1870, and was con- 
secrated at New Orleans, La., May 1, 1870, 
by Bishop Rosecrans of Columbus, assisted by 
Bishop Feehan of Nashville and Bishop Foley of 
Chicago, receiving the title Bishop of ‘* Abdera.” 
He succeeded as Archbishop of New Orleans, 
May 25, 1870, and after many litigations over 
church property and cemeteries, was invested 
with the ownership by the wardens of the cathe- 
dral. He received the Pallium from the hands 
of Pius LX. in 1871; established a community of 
Carmelite nuns in his diocese, founded Thibo- 
deaux college, St. Mary’s Commercial college, 
four academies for girls, thirteen parochial 
schools, and an asylum for aged colored women. 
He also built twenty new churches and chapels, 
and organized a Roman Catholic society. He died 
in New Orleans, La., Dec. 27, 1883: 

PERCIVAL, James Gates, geologist, was born 
in Berlin, Conn., Sept. 15, 1795. He was gradu- 
ated from Yale in 1815, and his tragedy ‘‘Zamor” 
was presented at the commencement exercises. 
He taught school in Philadelphia, Pa., and was 
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 
M.D., in 1820. He established himself in practice 
in Charleston, S8.C.; was appointed assistant’ sur- 
geon in the U.S. army and professor of chemistry, 
mineralogy and geology in the U.S. Military 
academy in 1824, resigning his professorship in 
a few months to become examining surgeon in 
the recruiting service in Boston, Mass. He re- 
moved to New Haven, Conn., in 1827, engaged in 


._ literary work and continued the study of geology. 


He explored the ranges of trap rock in Connec- 
ticut in 1834, and with Prof. Charles M. Shepard 
made a geological and mineralogical survey of 
the state in 1835. He was state geologist of Con- 
necticut, 1835-42, and state geologist of Wiscon- 
sin, 1853-56. He edited Knox’s Elegant Extracts 
(1826) ; assisted in compiling Noah Webster's 
Dictionary, and is the author of : Prometheus ; 
Clio (1834); Report of the Geological Survey of 
Connecticut (1842); Dream of a Day (1843); Re- 
port of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin (1855), 
and many minor poems including: The Coral 
Grove; The Graves of the Patriots, and Setting 
Sail. He contributed largely to journals and mag- 
azines. He was never married. He died in 
Hazel Green, Wis., May 2, 1856. 

PERHAM, Sidney, governor of Maine, was 
born in Woodstock, Maine, March 27, 1817; son of 


PERKINS 


Joel and Saphronia (Bisbee) Perham; grandson 
of Lemuel and Betsey (Gurney) Perham, and of 
Rowse and Hannah (Carroll) Bisbee, and a de- 
scendant of John Perham, who settled in Chelms- 
ford, Mass., in 1664. He at- 
tended the public schools and 
Gould’s academy, Bethel, 
Maine, in 1838; engaged in 
teaching school during the 
winter months, and in 1840 
in farming and sheep raising 
on his family homestead. 
He was married Jan. 1, 1848, to Almena Jane, 
daughter of Lazeras Hathaway of Paris, Maine. 
He was a Republican representative in the state 
legislature, and speaker in 1855 ; was presidential 
elector on the Fremont and Dayton ticket in 1856, 
and on the Harrison and Morton ticket in 1888; 
clerk of the supreme judicial court for Oxford 
county, 1858-62, and a Republican representative 
from the second Maine district in the 88th, 39th 
and 40th congresses, 1865-69, being a member of 
the committee on pensions, 1863-69, and chairman 
of the committee, 1865-69. He served three terms 
as governor of Maine, 1871-74; was-appraiser for 
the port of Portland, Maine, 1877-85, and a mem- 
ber of the commission appointed by President 
Harrison to select a site for a dry dock on the 
Gulf of Mexico in 1891. He took an active part 
in teachers’ institutes and educational conven- 
tions, served as president of the board of trustees 
of Westbrook seminary and female college and 
of the Maine Industrial school; lectured on tem- 
perance, and was a member of the Maine board 
of agriculture, 1853-54. After 1886 he made his 
home in Washington, D.C., spending the sum- 
mers at Paris Hill, Maine. 

PERKINS, Bishop Walden, senator, was born 
in Rochester, Ohio, Oct. 18, 1841; son of Ben- 
jamin Chaplin and Hannah M. (Cole) Perkins ; 
grandson of Benjamin Chaplin and Elizabeth 
Ann (Walden) Perkins and a descendant of John 
Perkins, Boston, 1636. He was educated at Knox 
academy, Galesburg, IIl.; studied law at Ottawa, 
was a soldier in the 83d Illinois infantry. 1861-62, 
and captain in the 16th U.S. colored infantry,1862- 
65. He was admitted to the bar at Ottawa in 
1867; removed to Oswego, Kan., in 1869; was 
attorney for Labette county in 1869, and was mar- 
ried April 11, 1872, to Louise Cushman. He was 
probate judge of Labette county, 1870-73 ; judge 
of the 11th judicial district, 1873-82, and a Repub- 
lican representative from the third Kansas district 
in the 48th, 49th, 50th and 51st congresses, 1883-91. 
He was appointed to the U.S. senate by Governor 
Humphrey to fill the vacancy caused by the death 
of Preston B. Plumb, Dec. 20, 1891, serving, 1891- 
93, and in 1893 took up the practice of law in 
Washington, D.C., where he died June 20, 1894. 





[215] 


PERKINS 


PERKINS, Charles Callahan, author, was 
born in Boston, Mass., March 1, 1823. He was 
graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1843, A.M., 1846, 
studied painting under Scheffer in Paris, and later 
studied music and etching in Europe. He was 
one of the pioneer American etchers, resided in 
Boston and became famous as an art-critic. He 
was president of the Boston Art club, 1869-79 ; 
founder and honorary director of the Boston 
Museum of Fine Arts; a member of the city 
school board, 1870-83; president of the Handel 
and Haydn society, 1875-86; a fellow of the 
American Academy, and a member of the Massa- 
chusetts Historical society. He is the author of: 
Tuscan Sculptors (2 vols., 1864); Italian Sculp- 
tors (1868); Art in Education (1870); Raphael 
and Michelangelo (1878); Sepulehral Monuments 
in Italy (1883); Historical Hand-Book of Italian 
Sculptors (1883); History of the Handel and 
Haydn Society (Vol. I., 1883-86), and Ghiberti et 
son école (1886). He died in Windsor, Vt., 
Aug, 25, 1886. 

PERKINS, Frederic Beecher, author, was 
born in Hartford, Conn., Sept. 27, 1828; son of 
Thomas Clap and Mary Foot (Beecher) Perkins ; 
grandson of Enoch and Anna (Pitkin) Perkins, 
and of the Rev. Lyman and Roxana (Foote) 
Beecher, and a descendant of John Perkins, 
Boston, 1631, Ipswich,1633. He matriculated at 
Yale in the class of 1850, but left in 1848 to study 
law under his father; was admitted to the bar in 
1851, and was graduated at the Connecticut 
Normal school in 1852. He practised law in 
Hartford, and held various local offices, 1852-54 ; 
engaged in literary work in New York, 1854-57, 
and was married, May 21, 1857, to Mary, daughter 
of Henry and Clarissa (Perkins) Westcott of 
Providence, R.I. He was associated with Henry 
Barnard in editing the American Journal of 
Education at Hartford, Conn., 1857, meantime 
serving as librarian of the Connecticut Historical 
society; was secretary of the Boston public 
library for a time; librarian of the San Francisco 
free public library, 1880-87, and connected witha 
San Francisco newspaper after 1887. He pub- 
lished: President Greeley, President Hoffman, 
and the Resurrection of the Ring (1872); Serope 
(1874); Check List for American Local History 
(1876); My Three Conversations with Miss Chester 
(1877); Devil Puzzlers and other Studies (1877); 
Charles Dickens: His Life and Works (1877); 
Rational Classification of Literature for Shelv- 
ing and Cataloguing Books in a Library (1881). 
He died at Morristown, N.J., Jan. 27, 1899. 

PERKINS, George Clement, senator, was born 
in Kennebunkport, Maine, Aug. 23, 1832; son of 
Clement and Lucinda (Fairfield) Perkins. Both 
his father and mother were of New England 
Puritan ancestry. He was brought up ona farm, 


PERKINS 


received a limited education, and in 1852 went 
to sea as a cabin boy on the ship Golden Eagle, 
He made six voyages to Europe on sailing ships. 
In 1885 he shipped before the mast on the ship 
Galatea, bound for San Francisco, Cal. He en- 
gaged in mining and 
teaming in California 
but without success, 
and opened a mercan- 
tile business in Oro- 
ville, Cal. Later he 
engaged in the bank- 
ing, mining and mill- 
ing industries. He , zy 
became a member of /// 


Ay Hi f Wy) 
smh A NRZ 
a shipping firm in MD Kf] Wh 
AS My iY i) x 

[/PYPY 















San Francisco, Good- ) / 
oa ‘4 ri) 

all, Perkins & Com- NYE PINE 

pany, which later iter? 


became the builders 
and owners of the 
Pacific Coast Steam- : 

ship company. He was the pioneer in the 
introduction of steam whalers for the Arctic 
ocean, and operated steamships on the coast of 
California, Oregon, Washington, British Colum- 
bia, Mexico and Alaska. He was a representative 
in the state senate, 1869-76 ; governor of the state 
of California, 1879-88, and was appointed July 
24, 1893, U.S. senator, to fill the vacancy caused 
by the death of Leland Stanford, and was elected 
Aug. 8, 1898, for the remainder of the unexpired 
term. He was re-elected in 1895 and 19038, his 
term expiring March 3, 1909. He was chairman 
of the committee on fisheries, and a member of 
the appropriations, education and labor, naval 
affairs, commerce, Pacific Islands and Porto Rico 
and coast and insular survey committees. He 
was president of the Merchants’ Exchange, and 
of the Art association, and a director of the Cali- 
fornia Academy of Science. 

PERKINS, George Douglas, representative 
was born in Holly, Orleans county, N.Y., Feb. 
29, 1840 ; son of John Dyer and Lucy (Forsyth) 
Perkins. He learned the printers’ trade at Bara-- 
boo, Wis., joined his brother in establishing the 
Gazette, Cedar Falls, Iowa, in 1860, and was a 
private in the 31st Iowa infantry regiment, 1862- 
63. He married, July 2, 1869, Louise E. Julien, the 
same year removed to Sioux City, lowa, where 
he published the Journal. He was a member — 
of the Iowa state senate, 1874-76; U.S. marshal 
for the northern district of Iowa by appointment 
of President Arthur, 1881-85 ; delegate at large to 
the Republican national conventions at Cincin- 
nati, 1876, Chicago, 1880, and Chicago, 1888 ; and 
a Republican representative from the eleventh 
district of Iowa in the 52d, 53d, 54th and 55th con- 
gresses, serving, 1891-99. 


[216] 

















PERKINS 


PERKINS, George Hamilton, naval officer, 
was born in Hopkinton, N.H., Oct. 20, 1886; son 


of Judge Hamilton Eliot and Clara Bartlett 


(George) Perkins, and grandson of Roger Eliot 
Perkins, and of John and Ruth (Bradley) George 
of Concord, N.H. 
His father, a gradu- 
ate of Norwich uni- 
versity, was judge of 
probate for Merri- 
mack county, 1855- 
74. George Hamilton 
Perkins was gradu- 
ated at the U.S. 
Naval academy in 
1856, was appointed 
acting master, Aug. 
18, 1858, and served 
on the Sabine at 
Montevideo, and on 
the Sumter on a cruise 
on the west coast 
of Africa, 1859--61. He was promoted master, 
Sept. 5, 1859, and lieutenant, Feb. 2, 1861; was 
ordered to the Cayuga, fitting out in New York 
navy yard andcommanded by Napoleon B. Harri- 
son (q.v.), December, 1861, and was second in 
command of that vessel. Upon reaching Ship 
Island, March 31, 1862, the Cayuga was made 
flagship, and with Lieut. Perkins as pilot led the 
first division of gunboats in the passage of Forts 
Jackson and St. Philip, April 24, 1862. The 
Cayuga received the first fire, passed under the 
walls of Fort St. Philip, sank the Confederate 
steamer Governor Moore and the ram Manassas, 
and on the morning of April 25, 1862, led the fleet 
up the river and captured New Orleans, receiving 
the surrender of the city with Capt. Theodorus 
Bailey, the two officers walking alone and un- 
guarded from the wharf to the city hall. He was 
executive officer of the Cayuga, October, 1862- 
June, 1863, and was promoted lieutenant-com- 
mander, Dec. 31, 1862. He commanded the gun- 
boat New London on the Mississippi, June-July, 
1863, and ran the batteries at Port Hudson five 
times; commanded the New London, which in 
company with the Cayuga blockaded Sabine Pass 
from Jan. 22, 1863, and the Scioto on blockade 
duty off the coast of Texas, July, 1863—April, 1864, 
when he was ordered north, but volunteered to 
assume command of the monitor Chickasaw, in the 
battle of Mobile Bay. When within fifty feet of the 
stern of the Tennessee he planted 52 11-inch shot 
on the most vulnerable part of the armored Con- 


_ federate ram which effected her capture, and he 


was largely instrumental in the reduction of Forts 
Powell, Gaines and Morgan. He served as super- 
intendent of iron-clads at New Orleans, 1865-66 : 
as executive officer of the Lackawanna in the 


PERKINS 


Pacific, 1866-69, and in the ordnance department 
at the U.S. navy yard at Boston, Mass., 1869-71. 
He was promoted commander, Jan. 19, 1871, and 
on March 3 was assigned to the command of the 
U.S. store-ship Relief, to convey contributions to 
the French, Jan. 29, 1876; He was on duty in 
Boston as ordnance officer and as lighthouse in- 
spector. He commanded the U.S.S. Ashuelot of 
the Asiatic squadron, 1879-81; commanded the 
torpedo station at Newport, R.I., in 1882, and was 
promoted captain, March 10, 1882. He com- 
manded the Hartford of the Pacific station, 1885— 
86; was placed on the retired list, Oct. 1, 1891, 
and was promoted commodore on the retired list, 
May 9, 1896, for his distinguished services during 
the rebellion. He was married in 1870 to Anna 
Minot Weld of Boston, Mass. See ‘ Letters of 
George Hamilton Perkins, U.S.N.,” edited and ar- 
ranged by his sister and including a sketch of his 
life. His mother died in Concord in March, 1902. 
His statue of heroic size executed by Daniel C. 
French, on the Capitol grounds, Concord, N.H., 
the gift to the state by his daughter, Mrs. Larz 
Anderson, was unveiled April 25, 1902, being 
presented to the state in behalf of the donor by 
Rear-Admiral George E. Belknap, U.S. N. He 
died in Boston, Mass., Oct. 28, 1899. 

PERKINS, George Roberts, educator, was 
born in Otsego county, N.Y., May 8, 1812; son of 
Joseph and Alice (Roberts) Perkins, and grand- 
son of George Roberts Perkins. He acquired his 
education through his own exertions, and became 
proficient in mathematics and civil engineering. 
He was employed on the slackwater survey of 
the Susquehanna river in 1830, and taught 
mathematics in Clinton, N.Y., 1831-88. He was 
principal of the academy at Utica, N.Y., 1838-44 ; 
professor of mathematics in the New York State 
Normal school, 1844-48, and principal of the 
normal school, 1848-52. He superintended the 
erection of the Dudley observatory at Albany, 
N.Y., 1852, and was deputy state engineer, 1858- 
62. He received the honorary degree of A.M. in 
1838 and that of LL.D. in 1852 from Hamilton 
college, and was a regent of the University of the 
State of New York, 1862-76. He is the author 
of: Higher Arithmetic (1841); Treatise on Algebra 
(1841) Elements of Algebra (1844); Elements of 
Geometry (1847); Trigonometry and Surveying 
(1851); Plane and Solid Geometry (1854); a text- 
book on astronomy, and many scientific articles. 
He died in New Hartford, N. Y., Aug. 22, 1876. 

PERKINS, James Breck, author and represen- 
tative, was born in St. Crois, Wis., Nov. 4, 
1847; son of Hamlet H. and Margaret A. (Breck) 
Perkins, and a descendant of Breck, who landed in 
Massachusetts about 1635. He removed with his 
parents to Rochester, N.Y., in 1856 and was gradu- 
ated from the University of Rechester in 1867. 


[217] 


PERKINS 


He was admitted to the bar in December, 1868, 
and was city attorney of Rochester, 1874-78. He 
engaged in historical study in Paris, France, 1890- 
95. He was a member of the New York assembly 
1898, and a Republican representative from the 
thirty-first district in the 57th and 58th con- 
gresses, 1901-05. He was made a member of the 
National Institute of Art, Science and Letters and 
received from the University of Rochester the 
honorary degree of LL.D. in 1897. He is the 
author of : France under Richelieu and Mazarin 
(1887) ; France under the Regency (1892) France 
under Louis XV. (1897) : Richelieu (in ‘‘ Heroes of 
the Nation Series” 1900) and numerous contribu- 
tions to periodicals. 

PERKINS, Jennie Saunders, poet, was born 
near Purdy, McNairy county, Tennessee, April 
8, 1832; daughter of Lindsey and Martha Ann 
(Landreth) Saunders, and a descendant of Thomas 
Saunders and Elizabeth (Rook) Saunders, who 
settled in Chatham 
county, N.C., near 
the close of the 
eighteenth century. 
Thomas was the son 
of Benjamin Saun- 
ders, a staunch Qua- 
ker, and his wife was 
a lineal descendant 
on her father’s side 
* of Admiral Rook of 
the British navy, and 
on her mother’s side 
of a younger brother 
of Lord Stanford, and 
Marie Wills, of Ger- 
many. The family 
removed to McNairy county, Tenn.,in 1825. Her 
first education was received from the common 
schools and from her parents. She evinced a 
literary taste at an early age, and before the civil 
war many of her poems were published in the 
leading papers of the South, over the signature 
of “Jennie S.,” and at once attracted attention. 
Gen. Marcus J. Wright, a native of her county, 
and a resident of Memphis, was prominent in the 
business and literary circles of his adopted city, 
and having seen some of her poems in current 
papers, became interested in the success of his 
former neighbor, and gave able advice and kindly 
encouragement that made a marked impression 
on her subsequent life and its work. In 1863 she 
was married to E, D. M. Perkins, by whom she 
had seven children, Even with the care and ed- 
ucation of these, she continued her literary work, 
In 1872 she received the second prize over forty- 
nine contestants for the best poem onthe Trenton 
Massacre. The family removed to Florida in 





1878, and while there some of her best poems, in- commercial pursuits. He was trained in a 4 
[218] 7, 
fi 

? 


PERKINS 





cluding: From Tennessee to Florida, Lake Beau- 
claire, Florida Winter, Summer on the St. Johns, 
were published, and were widely copied through- 
out the country, extracts from them appearing > | 
in pamphlets and books. After a dozen years in 
Florida Mr. and Mrs. Perkins went to reside in 
Washington, where she continued to contribute 
numerous poems, floral articles and biographical 
sketches to leading papers and magazines. Here 
her lengthiest and most elaborate epic, Grant, 
was also written. In 1903 she was engaged in | 
collecting her writings, published and unpub- - | 
lished, with a view to issuing a volume of her 
complete works. - | 
PERKINS, Samuel Elliott, jurist, was born 
in Brattleboro, Vt., Dec. 6, 1811; son of John 
Trumbull and Hannah (Hurlburt) Perkins; 
grandson of Caleb and Sarah (Trumbull) Perkins, 
and a descendant of John Perkins, Ipswich, 
Mass., 1633. He was left an orphan when five 
years old and was brought up by William Baker 
on his farm in Conway, Mass. In 1834 he re- 
moved to Penn Yan, N.Y., where he attended the 
Yates County academy, and in 1836 to Richmond 
Ind., where he was admitted to the bar in 1837 
and published The Jeffersonian, a Democratic 
paper. He was married first, in July, 1838, to 
Amanda Juliet, daughter of Joseph Pyle of Rich- 
mond, Ind., and secondly to Lavinia Wiggins 
Pyle, his deceased wife’s sister. He was nomi- 
nated by Governor Whitcomb to a seat on the 
supreme bench of the state in 1841, and again in 
1842. but failed of confirmation in the senate. He 
was prosecuting attorney for the sixth judicial ; 
district of Indiana, 1843-45 ; a presidential elector 
on the Polk and Dallas ticket in 1844, and was 
judge of the supreme court of Indiana, 1845-64. 
He removed to Indianapolis in 1847 ; was chosen 
professor of law in the Northwestern Christian 
university (Butler college) in 1857 ; was professor 
of law in the Indiana State university, 1870-72, 
and judge of the superior court of Marion county, 
1872-76. He wasagain judge of the state supreme 
court, 1876-79, and was serving as chief justice 
at the tine of hisdeath. He isthe author of : Digest 
of Decisions of the Supreme Court of Indiana 
(1858) ; and Pleadings and Practice under the Code 
in the Courts of Indiana (1859). He died in " 
Indianapolis, Ind., Dec. 17, 1879. y 
PERKINS, Thomas Handasyd, philanthropist, 
was born in Boston, Mass., Dec. 15, 1764; son of 
and Elizabeth (Peck) Perkins and grandson 
of Edmund and Edna (Frothingham) Perkins 
and of Thomas (Handasyd) Peck. His father - 
was a merchant, and his mother a founder of 
the Boston female asylum. He was prepared for 
Harvard by the Rey. Mr. Shute of Hingham, but 
did not matriculate, determining to engage in 


rm if 3 














PERLEY 















































Boston counting room in 1785, visited and en- 
ed in business with his brother James in Santo 
De Saco, and returned soon after as the Boston 
ag : ea'ot his brother’s house. He was married in 
1788, to Sarah, daughter of Simon Elliot. He 
‘fo “ge a partnership with his brother James in 
Boston in 1792, which continued till the latter's 
death in 1822, and in the meantime established a 
house in Canton under the name Perkins & 
Co. He traveled in Europe, 1794-95, was made 
asident of the Boston Branch of the Bank of 
the United States in 1796, but resigned the next 
year and was succeeded by George Cabot. He 
was elected to the Massachusetts senate in 1805 
and for nearly twenty years thereafter, serving 
in one or the other branch of the state legislature. 
He was a projector of the Quincy railroad, the 
first in the United States, in 1827, and retired 
from business with a large fortune in 1838. He 
was prominent in establishing the Massachusetts 
general hospital with an asylum for the insane, 
and about 1812 donated his mansion house on 
Pearl Street, worth $50,000, for a blind asylum, 
which was the foundation of the Perkins Institu- 
tion for the Blind in 1853. The condition of the 
gift was that $50,000 should be raised as a fund for 
itssupport. With other members of his family 
_he gave more than $60,000 to the Boston Athen- 
gum, and was the largest contributor to the 
Mercantile Library association. He also contrib- 
uted to the erection of Bunker Hill monument 
and toward the completion of the Washington 
monument. His diaries of travel and autobio- 
graphical sketches were partly preserved in 
‘Thomas G. Cary’s ‘“ Memoir of Thomas H. Per- 
kins” (1856) and he published a small book in- 
tended to teach the art of reading to the blind 
(1827) the Gospel of St. John, for the blind (1834), 
and afterward several other books for the blind. 
He died in Brookline, Mass., Jan. 11, 1854. 
PERLEY, Ira, jurist, was born in Boxford, 
Mass., Nov. 9, 1799; son of Samuel and Phebe 
af gael Perley; grandson of Maj. Asa and 
nna (Low) Perley, and a descendant of 
A len Perley, a native of Wales, who immigrated 
to New England, settled first at Charlestown in 
), and in Ipswich in 1635 and was married in 
9 to Mrs. Susanna Bokeson. Ira Perley was 
prepared for college in Bradford academy, 
zraduated at Dartmouth college A.B., 1822, A.M., 
and was a tutor there, 1823-25. He studied 
a. Benjamin J. Gilbert of Hanover, 
N H., and Daniel M. Christie of Dover, was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1827, and settled in practice 
anover, N. H. He was treasurer of Dart- 
h college, 1830-35; represented Hanover in 
ate legislature in 1834, removed to Concord 
1836, and served as a representative in the 
fe legislature in 1839 and in 1870. He was an 


[219] 


PERRY 


associate judge of the superior court of New 
Hampshire, 1850-52 ; chief justice of the superior 
court, 1855-59 and 1864-69, and in 1869 resumed 
practice as a consulting lawyer. He received 
the honorary degree LL.D. from Dartmouth in 
1852. He was married in June, 1840, to Mary S., 
daughter of John Nelson of Haverhill, Mass. He 
is the author of: A Charge to the Grand Jury ; 
A Eulogy on Daniel Webster, and An Address at 
the Dartmouth Centennial. He died at Concord, 
N.H., Feb. 26, 1874. 

PERRIN, Bernadotte, educator, was born in 
Goshen, Conn., Sept. 15, 1847; son of Lavelatte 
and Ann Eliza (Comstock) Perrin; grandson of 
Aaron and Lois (Lee) Perrin, and of William 
and Ann (Keeler) Comstook, and a descendant 
of Thomas Perrin, who came from England to 
Lebanon, Conn., in 1709, and, on the same side, 
of John Porter, who came to Windsor, Conn., in 
1639. He was graduated from Yale in 1869; 
taught in the high school at Hartford, Conn., 
and was tutor at Yale, 1869-76. He studied at 
the Universities of Tiibingen, Leipzig and Berlin, 
1876-78 ; was again tutor at Yale in 1878, assistant 
principal of the Hartford high school, 1879-86, 
professor of Greek at Western Reserve university, 
1881-93, and was appointed professor of Greek 
language and literature at Yale in 1893. He 
was married, Aug. 17, 1881, to Luella, daughter 
of James J. Perrin of Lafayette, Ind., who died 
in 1889; and secondly, Nov. 25, 1892, to Susan, 
daughter of Charles S. Lester of Saratoga, N.Y. 
He was president of the American Philological 
association in 1897. He edited: Ceesar’s Civil 
War (1882); Homer’s Odyssey (Books I.--IV., 
1889; V.--VIII. 1894): School Odyssey, eight books 
and vocabulary (1897); Plutarch’s Themistocles 
and Aristides (1901), and contributed articles on 
Greek and Roman history and literature to 
scientific journals, 

PERRY, Alfred Tyler, educator, was born in 
Geneseo, Ill., Aug. 19, 1858; son of George 
Bulkley and Maria Louise (Tyler) Perry ; ; grand- 
son of Dr. Alfred and Lucy (Benjamin) Perry 
and of Duty 8. and Amy (Arnold) Tyler, and a 
descendant of Arthur Perry of Stratford, Conn. 
(supposed to be the son of Arthur Perry of 
Boston, 1638); of Job Tyler of Andover, Mass., 
(1650), and of William Pynchon, settler of 
Springfield, Charles Chauncey, Boston, 1635, the 
Rev. Gershom Bulkeley of Wethersfield, Conn. 
(1636), Capt. Richard Lord of Hartford, 1636, 
and other early settlers. He was graduated from 
Williams college, A.B., 1880, A.M., 1891, and 
from the Hartford Theological seminary in 
1885. He was ordained to the Congregational 
ministry in 1886 and was appointed assistant 
pastor of the Memorial church at Springfield, 
Mass., in 1886. He was married, April 13, 1887, 


PERRY 


to Anna, daughter of Jonathan Flynt Morris of 
Hartford, Conn. He was pastor of the East 
Congregational church, Ware, Mass., 1887-90; 
professor of bibliology and librarian of Hartford 
Theological seminary, 1891-1900, and was elected 
president of Marietta college, Ohio, in 1900. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him 
by Williams college in 1901. He is the author 
of: A Handy Harmony of the Gospels (30 ed., 
1892), and The Pre-eminence of the Bible as a 
Book (1899). 

FERRY, Benjamin Franklin, governor of South 
Carolina, was born in the Pendleton district, 
S.C., Nov. 20, 1805; son of Benjamin and Anne 
(Foster) Perry, and grandson of Lieut. John 
Foster of Virginia, an officer in the Continental 
army. Benjamin Perry was a native of Massa- 
chusetts; was a_ sol- 
dier in the Revolu- 
tionary army; Tre- 
moved to Charleston, 
S.C., in 1784, and en- 
gaged in planting in 
Greenville. Benja- 
min Franklin Perry 
was brought up on 
the plantation and 
* attended a classical 
school in Asheville, 
N.C., 1821-24. He 
then studied law un- 
der Judge Earl in 
Greenville and Col. 

- James Gregg in Col- 
umbia. Hewasadmitted to the bar in Greenville 
in 1827 and in 1832 took charge of the editorial de- 
partment of the Greenville Mountaineer and made 
the paper the organ of the Union party in that 
state, in opposition to the teachings of John C. 
Calhoun. He was a delegate to the Union state 
convention at Columbia in 1882, and was defeated 
as a candidate for representative in the 24th 











congress in 18384 by Waddy Thompson, Jr. He 
was married in 1837, to Elizabeth Frances, 
daughter of Hext McCall of Charleston. He 


represented Greenville in the state legislature, 
1856-43 ; was a state senator, 1844-60; an elector 
at large on the Cass and Butler ticket in 1849, 
and one of the organizers of the Greenville and 
Columbia railroad. In 1850 he established at 
Greenville the Southern Patriot, which was the 
only Union newspaper in the state. In the same 
year he made a stirring Union speech in the 
state legislature, and was a member of the 
Democratic state convention in 1851. He was a 
delegate to the Charleston Democratic national 
convention in 1860, and although opposed to 
secession accepted the situation when that 
ordinance was adopted by his state. He was a 


PERRY 


member of the state legislature, a commissioner 
under the Confederate government to regulate 
prices, and a district attorney and district judge 
during the war. He was appointed provisional 
governor of South Carolina by President Johnson 
in 1865, filling the office six months ; was elected 
to the U.S. senate from South Carolina in 1866; 
presented his credentials Feb. 28, 1866, but like 
the other southern senators was denied his seat ; 
and was a delegate to the Democratic national 
conventions of 1868 and 1876. He was a trustee 
of the Medical College of Charleston, 8.C. He 
contributed to the press, and is the author of: 
Reminiscences of Public Men (1883) and left in 
manuscript several sketches of American states- 
men, afterwards edited, enlarged and published 
by his wife, with a sketch of his life and intro- 
duction by Wade Hampton (1887). He died in 
Greenville, $.C., Dec. 3, 1886. 

PERRY, Bliss, editor, was born in Williams- 
town, Mass., Nov. 25, 1860; son of Arthur 
Latham and Mary (Smedley) Perry; grandson 
of the Rev. Baxter and Lydia (Gray) Perry, and 
of Dr. James and Lucy (Bridges) Smedley, and a 
descendant of John Perry, who came from Lon- 
don to America about 1666. He was gradu- 
ated from Williams college, A.B., 1881, A.M., 
1883, studied at Berlin and Strassburg universi- 
ties, Germany; was professor of elocution and 
English at Williams college, 1886-96, and pro- 
fessor of oratory and esthetic criticism at Prince- 
ton university, 1898-99. He was married in 
1888 to Annie L., daughter of F. R. Bliss, of New 
Haven, Conn. In 1899 he became editor of the 
Atlantic Monthly, Boston, Mass. The honorary 
degree of L.HD. was conferred on him by 
Princeton university in 1900, and by Williams 
college in 1902. He edited selections from 
Burke; Scott’s Woodstock and Ivanhoe, and 
Little Masterpieces, and is the author of: The 
Broughton House (1890); Salem Kittredge and 
Other Stories (1894); The Plated City (1895); 
The Powers at Play (1899), and A Study of Prose 
Fiction (1902). In 1902 he delivered the Charter 
Day address at the University of California, 
Berkeley. 

PERRY, David Brainerd, educator, was born 
in Worcester, Mass., March 
Samuel and Mary (Harrington) Perry. He 
attended the high school at Worcester; was 
graduated from Yale, A.B., 1868, A.M., 1866, 
B.D., 1867, and was a tutor at Yale, 1865-67. He 
was married, in 1876, to Helen Doane, of Charles- 
town, Mass. He was a tutor at Doane college, 
Crete, Neb., from its foundation in 1872-738; 
professor of Latin and Greek, 1873-1881 ; a trustee 
from 1884; member of the executive committee 
from 1895; Perry professor of mental and 
moral philosophy, 1881-90; professor of mental 


[220] 


7, 1839; son ome 










































PERRY 


philosophy and history from 1890, and was 
elected president of the college in 1881. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon 
him by Yale in 1898. 
- PERRY, Edward Aylesworth, governor of 
Tlorida, was born in Richmond, Mass., March 15, 
1831; son of Asa and Philura (Aylesworth) 
Perry ; grandson of the Rev. David and Jerusha 
(Lord) Perry, and a descendant of Arthur Perry, 
Boston, 1630, member 
of the Ancient and 
Honorable Artillery 
company, 1638, and 
of Arthur Ayles- 
worth, North King- 
LOTS we tuels. 1681. 
Edward Aylesworth 
Perry matriculated 
at Yale college in the 
class of 1854, but left 
in 1855; went to 
Alabama, where he 
studied law, and 
practiced in Pensa- 
cola, Fla., 1857-61. 
At the beginning of 
the civil war he recruited a company for the 2d 
Florida infantry and was commissioned succes- 
sively captain, major and lieutenant-colorel. On 
the death of Col. George T. Woods at the battle 
of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862, he succeeded to 
the command of the regiment which was as- 
signed to Garland’s brigade, D. H. Hill’s division, 
Longstreet’s wing of Johnston’s army. In the 
battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862, the 
regiment was in Pryor’s brigade, Anderson’s di- 
vision, Longstreet’s corps, and also in the seven 
days’ battle before Richmond. He was wounded 
at Frayser’s Farm, June 30, 1862, but rejoined his 
brigade at Antietam. He was promoted briga- 
general and commanded the 2d, 5th and 8th 
rida regiments in Anderson’s division at Fred- 
ksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. His 
ade at Gettysburg was conspicuous for the 
tality of its men, losing the largest number 
any brigade on the Confederate side. He was 
wounded a second time after distinguishing him- 
Self in the Wilderness campaign by driving back 
Ms Burnside’ s troops on the Orange Plank road, May 
5, 1864. He was unable to resume command of 
iis brigade, and after the war resumed the 
actice of law in Pensacola. In 1884 he was 
ted governor of Florida by the Democratic 
y for the term expiring Dec. 31, 1888. In 
he was a prominent candidate before the 
moeratic caucus of the Florida legislature for 
senator, and after 100 ballots with no choice 
en himself and Ex-Governor Bloxham, both 
hdrew their names. Upon the expiration of 


PERRY 


his term as governor, he continued the practice 
of law, and while on a visit to Kerrville, Texas, 
died there Oct. 15, 1889. 

PERRY, Enoch Wood, artist, was born in 
Boston, Mass., July 31, 1880; son of Enoch Wood 
and Hannah Knapp (Dole) Perry ; grandson of 
John and Lucy (Burkes) Perry, and of Samuel 
and Katherine (Wigglesworth) Dole, and great- 
grandson of Col. Edward Wigglesworth, an inti- 
mate friend of Gen. George Washington. Three 
of his ancestors were professors of theology at 
Harvard. He removed in 1848 to New Orleans, 
La., where he studied art, continuing his studies 
in Diisseldorf and Paris, 1852-55, and in Rome and 
Venice, 1855-58, and serving as U.S. consul at 
Venice, 1856-58. He opened a studio in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., in 1859; traveled through the southern 
and Pacific states; sailed for the Sandwich Is- 
lands from San Francisco in 1863, and settled in 
New York city in 1865. He was elected an asso- 
ciate of the National Academy of Design in 1868, 
an academician in 1869, recording secretary of 
the same, 1871-738, and of the American Art union, 
1882-83 ; anda member of the American Water- 
Color society, and of the Century Association, 
1868. He was married, Feb. 4, 1899, to Fannie 
Field, daughter of Isaac Newton and Emily (Dun- 
bar) Gregory, of Keeseville, N.Y. He painted 
portraits of many distinguished men, including 
General Grant (in Union League club, New 
York) ; George W. DeLong ; Justice Field of the 
U.S. supreme court; Brigham Young and his 
Apostles; King Kamehaha, 5th, of the Sand- 
wich Islands (in the Czar’s collection at St. 
Petersburg); Jefferson Davis, John C. Breckin- 
ridge ; John Slidell ; Li Hung Chang, the Chinese 
statesman; Governor Washington Bartlett of 
California, and the Rey. Dr. John C, Hall. His 
genre pictures include: The Weaver (1869); The 
Red Ear (1870) ; A Lost Art (1871); Thanksgiv- 
ing Time (1872); Young Franklin at the Press 
(1875); The Clock Doctor (1876): Words of Com- 
fort (1877): The Sower (1877) ; The Story (1878); 
The Quilting Bee (1879); The Tabowret (1880) ; 
Mother and Child (1881); The Story Book (1882); 
Solitaire (1884); Modern Eve (1885); The Milk- 
maid (1886) ; The Wicker-Workers (1887) ; The 
Cradle Song (1887); The Pottery Artist (1888); A 
cea Family (1890); A Holland Doorway (1891); 

Vatehing the Wheel (1891); A Helping Hand 
ew ; Adve Maria (1893); W. J. Linton, N. A., 
Engraving his Last Block (1894); Jacek O’Lantern 
(1895) ; The Last Chapter (1896) ; Winter's Tale 
(1897) ; The Story of the Tiles (1898) ; The Stage 
Coach (1898) ; The Last Vision of Jeanne d’Are 
(1900); Rest (1900); Swing Partners (1901); 
John Anderson, My Jo (1901); For those at Sea 
(1901); The Home of the Hermit Thrush (1902) ; 
Peace (1902) ; A New Hampshire Forest (1902). 


[221] 


PERRY 


PERRY, Matthew Calbraith, naval officer, 
was born in Newport, R.1., April 10, 1794; son of 
Christopher Raymond and Sarah (Alexander) 
Perry. He was warranted a midshipman in the 
U.S. navy through the influence of his father, 
and joined the schooner Revenge in January, 
1809. He was transferred to the frigate President 
under Captain Rodgers, in 1810; ordered to the 


frigate United States in 1813; comunissioned 


APFRECIATIONS 


NECOTINTINGTS 





lieutenant, July 24, 1818; returned to the Presi- 
dent under Commodore Decatur in April, 1814, 
and the same year transferred to the Chippewa. 
He served at the Brooklyn navy yard, 1814-19; 
was executive officer on the U.S. ship Cyane 
under Captain Trenchard, and sailed for the coast 
of Africa to aid the Colonization society in its 
efforts to found, on the island of Shebro, a free 
negro colony, which, owing to the unhealthful- 
ness of the location, was transferred to Liberia. 
He was appointed to the command of the schooner 
Shark in 1821, and engaged in the war against 
the West Indian pirates, 1822-23. He was pro- 
moted lieutenant-commander in 1822; was ex- 
ecutive officer of the North Carolina, under Com- 
modore Rodgers, and cruised in the Mediterranean. 
He was commissioned commander, March 21, 
1826, and until 1830 was on recruiting service 


PERRY 


built for the U.S. navy. He was promoted com- 
modore, June 12, 1841, and commanded the 
African squadron sent out under the provisions 
of the Ashburton treaty ; commanded the Mis- 
sissippi in the squadron under Commodore Con- 
ner, 1846; was in charge of a fleet of five ves- 
sels sent against Tabasco, Mexico, and succeeded 
in burning the town and destroying the Mexican 
storehouses. He had directed the naval attack 
against Tampico ; succeeded to the command of 
the Gulf squadron, and completed the Seige of 
Vera Cruz, begun by Commodore Conner, In 
March, 1852, he was placed in charge of the Japan 
expedition with orders to secure a treaty with 
that empire that would afford protection for 
United States seamen and ships wrecked on the 
coast, and free access for the U.S. navy to one or 
more ports for the protection of merchantmen 
there for purposes of trade. This treaty was 
signed, March 31, 1854, and Perry returned to the 
United States. The state of Rhode Island pre- 
sented him with a piece of plate for his services 
in Japan, June 15, 1855; the city of Boston, a gold 
medal; the merchants of the city of New York, 
a silver dinner service, and the merchants of 
Canton, China, a silver candelabrum. He is the 
author of : The History of the Japan Expedition 
(1854). In 1868 Mr. and Mrs. August Belmont 
caused a bronze statue to be erected to his mem- 
ory at Touro Park, Newport, R.I. He died in 
New York city, March 4, 1858. 

PERRY, Matthew Calbraith, naval officer, 
was born in 1821; son of Matthew and Jane 
(Slidell) Perry. He entered the U.S. navy as 
midshipman, June 1, 1835, and was ordered to the 
frigate Potomac. He served as acting master of 
the brig Somers, under Commander Alexander 








- 


BO ee Ce ee ee 


oe 


2 


— 


POS ORS Bg BK, 





at Boston, Mass., where he founded the first naval 
apprenticeship system in the United States. In 
1830 he was in command of the corvette Concord; 
conveyed John Randolph to St. Petersburg as 


S. Mackenzie, and was one of the officers to 
recommend the immediate execution of three 
of their mutinous crew. He served in the Mexi- 
can war on the frigate Cumberland ; was com- 


. 


U.S. minister to Russia, this being the first 
American man-of-war to enter Russian waters, 
and he was offered, but declined, a high rank in 
the Russian service. He was promoted master 
commandant, Jan. 7, 1833; was detailed at the 
Brooklyn navy yard, and during this service su- 
perintended the school of gun practice at Sandy 
Hook; organized the Brooklyn Naval lyceum; 
assisted in founding the Naval Magazine ; made 
a study of the tides on the American coast ; per- 
fected plans for a steam naval service, and com- 
manded the first steam war vessel of the U.S. 
navy, the Fulton II., 1838-40. He was promoted 
captain, Feb. 7, 1837, and declined the command 
of the South Sea exploring expedition. He intro- 
duced the Fresnel light at Navesink, and prepared 
plans for the construction and equipment of the 
Missouri and Mississippi, the first steam frigates 


if 


missioned lieutenant in the U.S. army, April 3, 
1848, and served on the coast survey. He was 
commissioned captain, and was retired from 
active service, April 4, 1867. He died in New 
York city, Nov. 16, 1873. 

PERRY, Nora, author, was born in Dudley, 
Mass., in 1841. She removed to Providence, R.1., 
with her parents in childhood, and was educated 
at home and in private schools. At the age of 
eight she wrote her first story, ‘‘ The Shipwreck,” 
which was never published, and in 1859 she be- 
gan to write for publication. Her first published 
story appeared in a religious magazine ; her first 
successful poem, ‘‘ Tying Her Bonnet under Her 
Chin,” in a newspaper in Washington, D.C., and 
her first serial story, ‘* Rosalind Newcomb,” in 
Harper’s Magazine, 1859-60. She then removed 


to Boston, Mass. ; became the correspondent of 
] 


SRY OP a 


i 













































































































































































































































































































































PERRY 


the Chicago Tribune and the Providence Journal ; 
contributed stories and poems to magazines, and 
for several years before her death confined her- 
self to writing stories for girls. She is the author 
of: After the Ball and Other Poems (1874); The 
Tragedy of the Unexpected and Other Stories 
(1880); Book of Love Stories (1881); Fora Woman 
(1885); New Songs and Ballads (1886); A Flock 
of Girls (1887); The Youngest Miss Lorton and 
Other Stories (1889); Brave Girls (1889); Lyrics 
and Legends (1890); Hope Benham (1894); Her 
Lover's Friends and Other Poems, and Three Lit- 
tle Daughters of the Revolution (posthumous, 
(1896). She died in Dudley, Mass., May 138, 1896. 

PERRY, Oliver Hazard, naval officer, was born 
in Newport, R.I., Aug. 21, 1785; eldest son of 
Christopher Raymond and Sarah (Alexander) 
Perry; grandson of Freeman Perry, and a descen- 
dant in the sixth generation of Edward Perry, 
who emigrated from 
Devonshire, England, 
and settled in Sand- 
wich, Mass., in 1653. 
His father was an 
officer in the patriot 
army and navy dur- 
ing the Revolution- 
ary war; was made 
post captain in the 
U.S. navy Jan. 9, 
1798 ; built and com- 
manded the General 
Greene and cruised 
in the West Indies; 
participated in the 
civil war in Santo 
Domingo and was appointed collector of New- 
port, R.I., in 1801, Oliver attended private 
schools, and was a pupil of Count Rochambeau. 
He joined the U.S. navy as a midshipman, 
April 7, 1797, and sailed with his father to the 
West Indies. He was ordered to the Adams in 
1802 and served in the Tripolitan war under 
Preble; served on board the Constellation in the 
Mediterranean, 1804-05 ; was promoted lieutenant 
and given command of the Nautilus in 1805, and 
during the embargo that led to the war of 1812 
commanded a fleet of seventeen gun boats off 
Newport Harbor. He was promoted master of 
the schooner Revenge in 1809, and served on that 
vessel until she was stranded on the rocks off 
Watch Hill, R.I., Jan. 9, 1810. He was married 
May 5, 1811, to Elizabeth Champlain, daughter 
of Dr. Benjamin Mason, Newport. Upon the 
outbreak of the war of 1812, he was promoted 
captain and resumed command of the gunboat 
fleet off Newport, but was transferred to Sackett’s 
rbor, N.Y., Feb. 17, 1813, to assist Commodore 
Chauncey in the building of a fleet to 


PERRY 


operate on the lakes. In March, 1813, he was pro- 
moted master-commandant of a proposed fleet to. 
be built at Erie, Pa., and joined Captain Jesse D. 
Elliott in the completion of a fleet for the defence: 
of the northwest. The fleet of nine vessels, com- 
prising the tugs Lawrence and Niagara and the 
schooners Caledonia, Scorpion, Porcupine, Ti- 
gress, Ariel, Somers and Trippe of 500 tons burden, 
of lighter build but armed with heavy long guns, 
was completed in less than six months, and Perry 
set sail from Put-in bay on the morning of Sept. 
15, 1813, to meet the British fleet under Commo- 
dore Barclay. This fleet comprised the Chippewa, 
Detroit, Hunter, Queen Charlotte, Lady Prevost 
and Little Belt. The opening shot of the engage- 
ment was fired from the British flag-ship Detroit, 
to which Captain Perry replied from the Law- 
rence. This was immediately followed by a storm 
of iron hail from the entire British fleet that 
soon played havoc with the rigging, masts and 
bulwarks of the Americans. The battle now 
took the form of a duel, the heaviest vessels in 
each fleet confronting eachother. The Lawrence 
was reduced to a hulk by the steady fire of the 
Detroit, and in two hours only one gun was left 
mounted and the deck was crowded with dead 
and wounded. The Niagara floated out of range, 
owing to the lightness of the wind, and was 
unable to give assistance to the Lawrence, and 
the rest of the American fleet were of little use 
on account of their light armament. Perry, 
assisted by Chaplain Breeze, Hambleton, the 
purser, and two unwounded sailors, continued to 
work the one remaining gun of the Lawrence 
until a shot killed Hambleton and dismantled 
the gun. <A British victory seemed imminent 
when the undaunted Perry determined on a bold 
move. Ordering a boat lowered, with four 
sailors, and his brother Alexander, and with the 
flag of the Lawrence on his arm, he left the ship, 
and sheltered by the smoke and escaping a volley 
fired by the enemy, was rowed to the Niagara, 
where he hoisted his commodore’s flag and as- 
sumed command. Captain Elliott volunteered 
to bring up the laggard schooners to his support, 
and a new line of battle was formed at close 
quarters. The wind freshened and the American 
fleet under full sail bore down upon the enemy. 
In endeavoring to wear ship, the British ships, 
Detroit and Queen Charlotte, fell foul, and taking 
advantage of the situation, the Niagara dashed 
through the enemy’s line, discharging both broad- 
sides as she passed the gap. The Caledonia, 
Scorpion and Trippe broke the line at other 
points, and the batteries of the Niagara, assisted 
by the riflemen in the tops, so disabled the enemy 
that after seven minutes of fighting the flag of 
the Detroit was lowered and four of the six British 
vessels surrendered, The two smaller boats that 


[223] 


PERRY 


attempted to escape were pursued and captured 


by the Scorpion and Trippe, and after securing his | 


prisoners and manning the prizes, Perry dis- 
patched a letter to General Harrison in these 
words: ‘‘We have met the enemy and they are 
ours: Two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one 
sloop.” Later a second letter to Secretary of the 
Navy Jones informed the country of the victory. 
The British loss was over one hundred and sixty 
men killed and wounded, while Perry lost twenty- 
seven killed and ninety-six wounded. He was 
commissioned post captain in the navy ; present- 
ed with the thanks of congress, a sword and a 
gold medal, with a set of silver by the city of 
Boston, and was voted thanks by other cities. He 
co-operated with the army of General Harrison 
in the invasion of Canada and took an impor- 
tant part, as commander of the fleet and of the 
naval battalion on land in the battle of the 
Thames, Oct. 5, 1818, where the British troops 
were almost entirely annihilated and the great 
Indian chief, Tecumseh, was killed. He partic- 
pated in the defence of Baltimore,and commanded 
the frigate Juva in the Mediterranean squadron 
under Stephen Decatur during the operations 
against Algiers in 1815-18. He was promoted 
commodore and placed in command of the naval 
station in the West Indies in 1819, and during 
the service fell a victim to the yellow fever. His 
remains were interred at Port Spain, but were 
later removed to Newport, in a ship of war, and 
buried there, Dec. 4, 1826. <A granite obelisk 
was erected to his memory by the state of Rhode 
Island; a marble statue was unveiled in Cleve- 
land, Ohio, in September,1860, and a bronze statue 
by William G. Turner, erected by the cltizens of 
Newport, R.I., was unveiled opposite his old 
home, Sept. 10, 1885. The state of Ohio presented 
to the capitol at Washington pictures of the 
‘* Battle of Lake Erie ” and of ‘‘ Perry leaving the 
Lawrence for the Niagara.” His name received 
twenty-six votes for a place in the Hall of Fame 
for Great Americans, New York university, Octo- 
ber, 1900. He died on board his ship off Port of 
Spain, Trinidad, W.I., Aug. 23, 1819. 

PERRY, Thomas, naval officer, was born in 
Elmira, N.Y., May 26, 1844; son of Guy Maxwell 
and Elizabeth (Taylor) Perry; grandson of Thom- 
as Miflin and Elizabeth (Konkle) Perry and a 
descendant of John Konkle, the first settler of 
Elmira, N.Y. He was graduated from the U.S. 
Naval academy, September, 1865 ; was promoted 
ensign, Dec. 1, 1866; master, March 12, 1868; 
lieutenant, March 26, 1869; lieutenant-com- 
mander, Nov. 6, 1881 ; commander, Jan. 10, 1802, 
and captain, June 11, 1899. During the Spanish 
war he was in command of the Lancaster, flag- 
ship, at the base of supplies, Key West, Fla. He 
was naval secretary of the light-house board, 


PERRY 


1899-1901, and April 1, 1901, was placed in com- 
mand of the U.S. battleship Jowa, flagship on the 
Pacific station, which vessel became flagship on 
the South Atlantic station in 1902, being trans- 
ferred from the Pacific station in February of that 
year. 

PERRY, Thomas Sergeant, author, was born 
in Newport, R.I., Jan. 28, 1845; son of Christo- 
pher Grant and Frances (Sergeant) Perry ; grand- 
son of Oliver Hazard and Elizabeth Champlin 
(Mason) Perry and of Judge Thomas and Sarah 
(Bache) Sergeant ; and a descendant of Edward 
and Mary (Freeman) Perry, Plymouth, Mass., 
1635, and on his mother’s side, of Benjamin 
Franklin. Thomas Sergeant was judge of the 
supreme court of Pennsylvania. Thomas Ser- 
geant Perry was graduated from Harvard A.B., 


1866, A.M., 1869; studied in Paris and Berlin, 


1866-68 ; was a tutor in German at Harvard, 1868- 
72; instructor in English, 1877-81, and lecturer 
on English literature, 1881-82. He was married 
April 9, 1874, to Lilla, daughter of Dr. Samuel 
Cabot of Boston, Mass. In 1898 he became pro- 
fessor of English literature in the College Keio- 
gijuku, in Tokyo, Japan. He was editor of the 
North American Review, 1872-74, and of Life 
and Letters of Francis Lieber (1882); English Lit- 
erature in the Eighteenth Century (1873); and is 
the author of: From Opitz to Lessing (1884); The 
Evolution of the Snob (1888); History of Greek 
Literature (1888) and occasional translations from 
French and German, 

PERRY, William Flake, soldier and educator, 
was born-in Jackson county, Ga., March 12, 1823; 
son of Hiram and Nancy (Flake) Perry, and a 
descendant of Edward Perry, who came from 
Devonshire, England, to Sandwich, Mass., in 1653. 
His parents removed to Alabama in 1834, and he 
attended Brownwood institute, Lagrange, Ga., 
1841-43. He conducted a prosperous high school 
in Talladega, Ala., 1848-53, and in 1851 married 
to Ellen Douglass, daughter of George P. Brown 
and niece of Judge William P. Chilton (q.v). He 
read law under Judge Chilton and was licensed 
to practice in 1854. In February, 1854, he was 
elected superintendent of education for Alabama, 


which office he resigned in 1858 to become pre-— 


sident of the East Alabama female college, Tusk- 
egee. He joined the Confederate army as a 
major of the 44th Alabama regiment, Col. James 
Kent, in 1862; reached Richmond with the 
regiment in June, 1862, and was assigned to 
Wright’s brigade, Longstreet’s corps. He was 
promoted lieutenant-colonel in August, 1862, and 
colonel in September as successor to Colonel 
Derby who had been killed at Sharpsburg. In 
October his regiment, with the 4th, 15th, 47th 
and 48th Alabama regiments, formed Gen. E. M. 
Law’s brigade of Hood’s division. Colonel Perry 


[224] 











‘ PERRY 










































d the second day’s battle at Gettysburg by 
orming and capturing ‘‘The Devil’s Den” and 
aided by Benning’s Georgia brigade defended the 
position. At Chickamauga on the evening of 
the first day’s battle he made an independent 
charge which secured the first decided Confed- 
erate advantage in that battle. On the second day 
he commanded Law’s brigade and was con- 
_spicuous in Longstreet’s charge which broke the 
Federal right wing, and at Snodgrass Hill his 
brigade captured sixteen pieces of artillery. He 
was also conspicuous at the Wilderness, Spottsyl- 
yania and around Richmond and Petersburg and 
his brigade was on the last line of battle when 
the news of Lee’s surrender suspended hostil- 
ities. He was recommended for promotion in 
January, 1864, but by some error the recommen- 
- dation was not laid before the senate until Jan- 
 uary, 1865, and he received his commission as 
brigadier-general in February, 1865. His record 
names him as present in twenty engagements 
with the enemy, of which eight were the bloodiest 
battles of the war. He cammanded a regiment 
in nine and a brigade in ten of the engage- 
ments. He returned to his vocation as teacher, 
conducting a school at Lynnland, Ky., 1869- 
_ 82, and was professor of English language and 
literature, elocution and history in Ogden col- 
lege, Bowling Green, Ky., 1883-1900. He was 
~ commander of the camp of Confederate veterans, 
Bowling Green, where he died, Dec. 17, 1901. 

PERRY, William Hayne, representative, was 
bornin Greenville, 8.C., June 9, 1839; son of Gov. 
Benjamin Franklin (q.v.) and Elizabeth Frances 
(McCall) Perry. He graduated at Furman uni- 
versity, S.C. ; attended South Carolina college ; 
graduated, fifth orator, at Harvard in 1859; studied 
law with his father, 1859-61, and in 1861 en- 
tered the Confederate service in Brook’s cavalry. 
_ He was made first lieutenant of his company, 
_ which was afterward attached to the Hampton 
legion, and served in Virginia and South Car- 
olina. After the close of the war he practised 
a, w with his father; was a member of the 
_ State convention of 1865; a representative from 
; RGreenville in the state legislature, 1865-66 ; soli- 
_ citor of the eighth judicial district, 1868-72; a 
_ member of the state senate, 1880-84, and a repre- 
sentative from the fourth district of South Car- 
olina in the 49th, 50th and 51st congresses, 
1885-91. 

PERRY, William Stevens, second bishop of 
waand 116th in succession in the American 
episcopate, was bornin Providence, R.I., Jan. 22, 
532; a descendant of John Perry, ae settled, 
_ In 1632, in Roxbury, Mass., where he was a mem- 
ber of John Eliot’s @hureh:, (fl was named for 
his maternal uncle, the Rt. Rev. William Bacon 
‘Stevens (q.v.). He attended the Providence high 





t 
. 


PERRY 


school and Brown university, 1850-51, and was 
graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1854, A.M., 1857. 
He studied theology at the Virginia Theological 
seminary, Alexandria, Va., and under the Rev. 
John 8. Stone of Boston; was ordered deacon, 
March 29, 1857, and was ordained priest, April 7, 
1858 ; was assistant minister of St. Paul’s, Boston, 
1857-58 ; rector of St. Luke’s, Nashua, N.H., 1858— 
61; of St. Stephen’s, Portland, Maine, 1861-63 ; 
of St. Michael’s, Litchfield, Conn., 1864-69, and 
of Trinity church, Geneva, N.Y., 1869-76. He 
was matried in 1862 at Gambier, Ohio, to Sarah 
A. W., daughter of the Rev. Thomas Mather 
Smith. He was professor of history and the evi- 
dences of Christianity at Hobart college, Geneva, 
N.Y., 1871-76, and served as president of the col- 
lege, April 20-Sept. 1, 1876. He was deputy to 
the general convention from New Hampshire in 
1859 and from Maine in 1862; was assistant secre- 
tary to the house of deputies, 1862-65, and secre- 
tary, 1865-74. He wasappointed historiographer 
of the church in America in 1868; was chaplain 
general of the Society of the Cincinnati and 
president of the Iowa Society of the Sons of the 
American Revolution. He was elected Bishop of 
Iowa and consecrated, Sept. 10, 1876, by bishops 
Stevens, Coxe and Kerfoot, assisted by bishops 
Bissell and Oxenden of Montreal. He was elected 
professor in systematic divinity and president of 
Griswold college in 1876. The honorary degree 
of A.M. was conferred on him by Bishop’s col- 


lege, Lennoxville, Canada, in 1859; S.T.D. by 
Trinity college in 1869; LL.D. by William and 
Mary college, Virginia, in 1876; D.C.L. by 


Bishop’s college in 1885 and by King’s college, 
Windsor, N.S., in 1886; S.T.D. by Oxford uni- 
versity in 1888 ; D.C.L. by the University of the 
South in 1893 and LL.D. by Dublin university in 
1894. He was assistant editor of the Boston 
Church Monthly in 1864, and editor of the Jowa 
Churchman, 1877-98 ; and is the author of contri- 
butions to the principal church periodicals and of 
a large number of works on church history includ- 
ing: Journals of the General Conventions of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States 
in America (1861); Documentary History of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States 
of Americu (2 vols., 1863-64) both of which were 
written in conjunction with Dr. Francis L. 
Hawks ; Historical Collections of the American 
Colonial Church (1871-78), including Virginia 
(1871), Pennsylvania (1872), Massachusetts (1873), 
Maryland (1878), and Delaware (1878); The His- 
tory of the American Episcopal Church, 1557-1883 
(2 vols., 1885), and The American Church and the 
American Constitution (1895). Among his other 
works are Some Summer Days Abroad (1880) and 
Life Lessons from the Book of Proverbs (1885): 
He died in Dubuque, Iowa, May 13, 1898. 


[225] 


PERSICO 


PERSICO, Ignatius, R. C. bishop, was born in 
Naples, Italy, Jan. 30, 1828; son of Francisco 
Saverio and Guiseppino (Pennachio) Persico. He 
was baptized Camillo Guglielmo Maria, and as- 
sumed the name Ignatius when he entered the 
Order of Minor Capuchins. He attended the Jesuit 
college at Naples ; was ordained priest, Jan. 24, 
1846; was graduated at the Propaganda, Rome, 
in 1847, and was apostolic missionary to Patna, 
1847-52; apostolic visitor to the East Indies, 
1852-54, and was elected coadjutor to the vicar- 
apostolic of Bombay, India, March 8, 1854. He 
was consecrated at Bombay, India, June 4, 1854, 
in the cathedral of ‘‘Our Lady of Hope” by the 
Right Rev. Anastasius Hartman, vicar-apostolic of 
Bombay. He was vicar-apostolic of Hindostan and 
Thibet, 1856-60, and on March 11, 1870, was trans- 
ferred to Savannah, Ga., as successor to the Rt. 
Rey. Augustin Verot, transferred to St. Augus- 
tine. He was a member of the provincial and 
vatican councils at Baltimore, Md.; resigned his 
see in 1872; was translated to the see of ‘* Bo- 
leno ” June 20, 1874; became bishop of the united 
dioceses of Acquino, Pontecowo and Sora, in the 

ast Indies, in 1878. He was sent as commissary 
to Ireland, in June, 1887, and was created cardinal 
priest, Jan. 16, 1893. He died at Rome, Italy, 
Dec. 7, 1895. 

PETER, Sarah (Worthington) King, philan- 
thropist, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, May 16, 
1800; daughter of Gov. Thomas and Eleanor 
(Swearingen) Worthington, and granddaughter 
of Robert Worthington of Berkeley county, Va. 
She was married in 1816 to Edward, son of the 
Hon. Rufus King (q.v.), and made her home 
in Cincinnati, Ohio. Her husband died and she 
was married secondly, in 1844, to William Peter, 
British consul at Philadelphia, Pa., and during 
her residence in that city, she established the 
School of Design for Women, which was opened, 
Dec. 2, 1850. She returned to Cincinnati after 
the death of Mr. Peter in 1853, and established 
the Ladies’ Academy of Art, which became tlie 
Art School of Cincinnati. She was converted to 
the Roman Catholic faith in 1856, making nine 
pilgrimages to Rome, on special visits to the Holy 
Father, and founded at least twenty sisterhoods 
and convents in the archdioceses of Philadelphia 
and Cincinnati. She purchased paintings and 
other works of art in Europe for the Cincinnati 
art school, and statues of saints which she pre- 
sented to different Catholic churches. She be- 
queathed her wealth to charitable institutions 
and died at Cincinnati, Ohio, Feb. 6, 1877. 

PETERKIN, George William, first bishop of 
West Virginia and 120th in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born at Clear Spring, 
Md., March 21, 1841; son of the Rev. Dr. Joshua 
and Elizabeth (Hanson) Peterkin; grandson of 


PETERS 


Lieut. William Wilkes and Elizabeth (Spencer) 
Peterkin, and of Thomas Hawkins and Elizabeth 
Howard (Beall) Hanson, and great-grandson of 
Col. William Dent Beall of the Maryland Line. 
He was educated at the Episcopal High School 
of Virginia, 1856-58 ; the University of Virginia, 
1858-59, and enlisted as a private in the 21st Vir- 
ginia infantry, April 17, 1861, which was brigaded 
with the 42d and 48th regiments and after De- 
cember, 1861, was attached to Jackson’s division. 
He was promoted through the ranks of corporal 
and sergeant to that of first heutenant in April, 
1862; made adjutant in May, 1862; transferred 
to the staff of Gen. W. N. Pendleton (q.v.) June, 
1862, and served as his aide until paroled at Ap- 
pomatox court-house, April 10, 1865. He was. 
graduated at the Protestant Episcopal Theological 
Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria in 1868 ; was. 
admitted to the diaconate, June 24, 1868, ad- 
vanced to the priesthood, June 25, 1869, and was. 
assistant to his father, rector of St. James’s 
church, Richmond, Va., 1868-69. He was rector 
of St. Stephen's church, Culpeper, Va., 1869-73, and 
of the Memorial church, Baltimore, Md., 1873-78. 
The diocese of West Virginia was organized in 
1877 and he was elected its first bishop, March 1, 
1878, and consecrated in St. Matthew’s church, 
Wheeling, W.Va., May 30, 1878, by Bishops Bedell, 
Kerfoot.Whittle, Dudley and Jaggar. In 1903 he 
had in his diocese 88 parishes and missions, about. 
4500 communicants and several well organized in- 
stitutions for mission and charitable work. He 
was made a member of the board of managers of 
the Domestic and Foreign Missionary society in 
1886, and visited the church mission in Brazil, 
S.A., at the request of the house of bishops in 
1893, reporting the condition of the church in that 
region to the board of managers. He also visited 


Porto Rico in 1901 and reported the condition of ° 


that Mission to the board. He was vice-president 
of the American church missionary society for 
some years. He was married, first, Oct. 29, 1868, 
to Constance Gardner, daughter of Cassius Fran- 
cisand Anne Eliza (Cazenove) Lee of Alexandria, 
Va. She died Aug. 8, 1877; and he was married 
secondly, June 12, 1884, to Marion McIntosh, 


daughter of John Stewart of Brook Hill,Va. He 


received the degree D.D. from Kenyon college 
and Washington and Lee university in 1878, and 
LL.D. from Washington and Lee in 1892. He 
published sermons and addresses and contributed 
to church periodicals. 

PETERS, Christian Henry Frederick, astron- 
nomer, was born in Coldenbiittel, Schleswig. 
Denmark, Sept. 19, 1818. He was graduated 
from the University of Berlin, Ph.D. in 1886 and 
studied in Copenhagen, 1836-38. He was a mem- 
ber of the expedition to Mount Etna, Sicily, under 
Baron Sartorius von Walthershausen; was en- 


[226] 





PETERS 
















































joined the revolutionists under Garibaldi; was 
: yppointed major of artillery, and after the insur- 
rection was brought to a close in 1848, fled to 
“Turkey. He immigrated to the United States in 
1853 and was employed by the U.S. coast survey, 
1854-57. He was elected first director of the Litch- 
field observatory, Hamilton college, N. Y., in 
1858, and was professor of astronomy at the 
college, 1867-90. He was the first discoverer of 
forty-seven asteroids and made many observa- 
tions on comets and solar spots. He was employed 
by the regents of the University of the State of 
New York to determine the longitude of several 
places in the state of New York, including the 
western boundary line. He had charge of an 
expedition to observe the solar eclipse at Des 
Moines, Iowa. Aug. 7, 1869, and headed the gov- 
ernment expedition to New Zealand to observe 
the transit of Venus, Dec. 9, 1874. He was a 
member of the National Academy of Sciences, 
1876-90, and received the decoration of the cross 
of the Legion of Honor from the French govern- 
‘ment in 1887. He prepared twenty ‘ Celestial 
Charts” and is the author of numerous articles 
in various scientific publications. He died in 
Clinton, N.Y., July 18, 1890. 
‘ 4 PETERS, John Abram, educator, was born in 
Hagerstown, Md., Jan. 25, 1832; son of George 
and Caroline (Reynolds) Peters, and grandson of 
Abraham Peters, who émigrated from the vicinity 
of Strasburg, Germany, in 1774, and settled at 
‘Millersville, Lancaster county, Pa., and of John 
R Elida, His mother was of English-Irish de- 
scent. He removed with his parents to Lancas- 
ter, Pa., where he attended the public schools; 
was a student at the academy at Mercersburg, 
Pa., in 1851; at the preparatory department of 
‘ranklin and Marshall college, Lancaster, Pa., in 
185¢ was graduated from the college A.B., 1857, 
, 1860, and studied theology privately under 
Dacre L. Staley, D.D. He was principal 
ft irwin academy, Pa., 1857-59; vice-principal 
of Mt. Washington Female college, Md.; was 
icensed to preach by the classis of the Reformed 
h in 1862, and wasin Pennsylvania as pastor 
t Mt. Pleasant, 1864-69, Carlisle, 1869-70, Alex- 
andria, 1871-78, Lancaster, 1878-84, and Danville, 
1884-91. He was president of the General Synod 
of the Reformed church at Dayton, Ohio, in 
1899, and president of the literary department of 
Heidelberg university, Tiffin, Ohio, 1891-1901. 
E Te was married first in 1864 to Roberta George 
evil, Va., who died leaving four sons ; 
id secondly i in 1880 to Mary H. Harnish of Alex- 
dria, Pa., who, with their two sons, survived 
im n. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon 
m by Heidelberg university in 1887. He died 
Tiffin, Ohio, Sept. 28, 1901. 


raged on the geodetic survey of Naples, Italy : 


PETERS 


PETERS, John Andrew, jurist, was born at 
Ellsworth, Maine, Oct. 9, 1822; son of Andrew 
and Sally (Jordan) Peters; grandson of Mel- 
atich and Elizabeth Jordan and of John and 
Mary Peters, and a descendant of the Rev. 
Robert Jordan of the Church of England, who 
came to America about 1642. Melatich Jordan 
was collector of customs, Frenchman’s Bay dis- 
trict, 1789. John Andrew Peters was prepared 
for college at Gorham academy ; was graduated 
from Yale in 1842; studied law at Harvard, 1843- 
44; was admitted to the bar in 1844, and prac- 
tised in Bangor, He was married first, Sept. 2, 
1846, to Mary Ann, daughter of Judge Joshua W. 
Hathaway of Bangor; and secondly, Sept. 23, 
1857, to Fannie E., daughter of the Hon. Amos. 
M. and Charlotte Roberts of Bangor. He was a 
member of the Maine senate, 1862-63; of the 
house of representatives, 1864; attorney-general 
of the state, 1864-67 ; Republican representative 
in the 40th, 41st and 42d congresses, 1867-73 ; 
associate justice of the Maine supreme court, 
1873-83, and its chief justice, 1883-1900, when he 
retired and was succeeded by his nephew, Andrew 
P. Wiswell of Ellsworth, Maine. Judge Peters was 
elected a member of the Maine Historical society 
in 1866, and of the NewEngland Historic Gene- 
alogical society in 1896, and a trustee of Bowdoin 
college in 1891. He received the degree LL.D 
from Colby in 1884, from Bowdoin in 1885, and 
from Yale in 1893. 

PETERS, John Punnett, clergyman and au- 
thor, was born in New York city, Dec. 16, 1852; 
son of Thomas McClure and Alice Clarissa (Rich- 
mond) Peters; grandson of Edward Dyer and 
Lucretia (McClure) Peters, and a descendant of 
Andrew Peters, who appeared in Boston, Nov. 18, 
1659. He was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1873, 
Ph.D., 1876; was tutor at Yale, 1876-79, and 
studied at the Universities of Berlin and Leipzig, 
1879-83. He was married, Aug. 13, 1881, to Ga- 
briella Brooke, daughter of Thomas March and 
Helen (Brooke) Forman of Savanah, Ga. He was 
ordered deacon in the Protestant Episcopal 
church, Dec. 24, 1876, and advanced to the priest- 
hood, -Dec. 23, 1877. He was professor of Old 
Testament languages and literature at the Prot- 
estant Episcopal divinity school, Philadelphia, 
1884-91 ; professor of Hebrew at the University 
of Pennsylvania, 1886-93, and was in charge of the 
expedition of the University of Pennsylvania to 
Babylonia, conducting excavations at Nippur, 
1888-91, and retaining general direction of the 
work until 1895. In 1893 he became rector of St. 
Michael's church, New York city, of which he had 
been an assistant minister since 1883. He receiv- 
ed the honorary degree of D.D. from Yale and that 
of Sc.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 
1896. His published works include : Seriptures, 


[227] 


PETERS 


Hebrew and Christian (Vols. I. and II., 1886-89), 
published in England under the title The Bible 
for Home and School (1898); contribution in 
““The Bible as Literature,” edited by Dr. Lyman 
Abbott (1896); Laula Zion (1896); Nippur, or 
Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates 
(2 vols., 1897); The Old Testament and the New 
Scholarship (1901); Archeological History of 
Hither Asia in ‘‘ The Universal Anthology ” (1902). 
He also translated Political History of Recent 
Times, with an additional section carrying it 
down to date (1882); edited Diary of David 
MeClure (1899), and also Labor and Capital 
(1902). 

PETERS, John Samuel, governor of Connec- 
ticut, was born in Hebron, Conn., Sept. 21, 1772; 
son of Beneslie and Ann (Shipman) Peters; 
grandson of William Peters, and a descendant of 
William Peters, son of Lord Peters of England, 
who immigrated to America with 
his brothers Thomas and Hugh, 
\ and settled in Meriden, Mass. 

:| Beneslie Peters in company with 
\g/ other loyalists sailed to England 
in 1777, and after residing there 
for a timesecured a large tract of 
land in Upper Canada, where he 
settled with his family. John worked on a farm, 
attended the district schools, and in 1790 began 
to teach school in Hebron. He studied medicine 
under Dr. Benjamin Peters of Marbletown, N.Y., 
for six months and then under Dr. Abner Mosely 
of Glastonbury, Conn. ; in 1796 attended lectures 
in Philadelphia, Pa., and practised in Hebron, 
1797-1837. He was town clerk for twenty years, 
judge of probate for the district of Hebron, and 
frequently a member of the state legislature. 
He received the votes of one branch of the state 
legislature in 1824, when Calvin Willey was 
elected ; was heutenant-governor of Connecticut, 
1827-31,and governor of the state, 1831-33. He 
was a fellow of the Tolland County Medical so- 
ciety ; treasurer, vice-president and president of 
the State Medical society, and received the hon- 
orary degree of M.D. from Yale in 1818, and 
LL.D. from Trinity in 1831. He died in Hebron, 
Conn., March 30, 1857. 

PETERS, Richard, delegate to congress, was 
born at Blockley, Philadelphia, Pa., June 22, 1743 ; 
son of William and Mary(Breintnall) Peters. His 
father was for many years register of the admiralty, 
and his uncle, the Rev. Richard Peters, was secre- 
tary of the proprietary government and afterward 
rector of Christ church. Richard was graduated 
from the University of Pennsylvania, A.B., 1761, 
A.M., 1765 ; was admitted to the bar in 1763, and 
practised in Philadelphia. He was register of 
the admiralty, 1771-75, and upon the outbreak of 
the Revolutionary war was commissioned captain 
in the Continental army, and commanded a 





PETERS 


company of provincial troops, 1775-76. He was 
elected by congress, secretary of the Continental 
board of war, June 13, 1776, and served till 1781, 
when he was appointed a commissioner of war. 
In 1780 he personally subscribed £5000 for the 
provisioning of the army, and when he resigned 
his office of secretary in 1781, congress passed a 
vote of thanks for his long and faithful services. 
He was a delegate to the Continental congress, 
1782-83 ; a member and speaker of the state 
assembly, 1787-90, and speaker of the state senate 
in 1791. He declined the comptrollership of the 
treasury tendered him in 1792 by President Wash- 
ington, and was appointed judge of the U.S. 
district court for Pennsylvania, April 11, 1792, 
serving till his death. He was a member of the 
Philadelphia Agricultural society for over thirty 
years, and its first president ; was instrumental in 
constructing the first bridge over the Schuykill 
river, and was first president of the bridge com- 
pany. He was married to Sarah, daughter of 
Abraham Robinson. The honorary degree of 
LL.D. was conferred on him in 1827 by the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, of which institution he 
was a trustee, 1789-91. He is the author of: Ad- 
miralty Decisions of the District Court of the 
United States for the Pennsylvania Districts, 1780- 
1807 (1807). He died at Belmont, Philadelphia, 
Pa., Aug. 22, 1828. 

PETERS, Richard, law reporter and author, 
was bornat Blockley, Philadelphia, Pa., in August, 
1780 ; son of Richard (q.v.) and Sarah (Robinson) 
Peters. He was admitted to the bar in 1800 and 
practised in Philadelphia. He was solicitor of 
Philadelphia county, 1822-25; was one of the 
founders of the Philadelphia Saving Fund socie- 
ty, and was chosen reporter of the U.S. supreme 
court to succeed Henry Wheaton. He edited 
‘*Chitty on Bills of Exchange” (3 vols., 1810), 
and Bushrod Washington’s ‘‘ Circuit Court Re- 
ports” (4 vols., 1826-29), and is the author of: 
Reports of the U.S. Circuit Court, 1803-18 (1819); 
Reports of theU.S. Supreme Court, 1828-43 (17 vols., 
1828-43); Condensed Reports of Cases in the U.S. 
Supreme Court from its Organization till 1827 
(6 vols., 1835) ; Full and Arranged Digest of cases 


determined in the Supreme, Circwit and District 
Courts of theUnited States, from the Organization 


of the Government (3 vols., 1838-39; 2d ed., 2 
vols., 1848). He died at Belmont, Philadelphia, 
Pa., May 2, 1848. 

PETERS, Samuel Ritter, representative, was 
born in Walnut Township, Pickaway county, 
Ohio, Aug. 16, 1842; son of Lewis S.and Margaret 
(Ritter) Peters. He matriculated at Ohio Wes- 
leyan university with the class of 1864; served in 
the Federal army as private, sergeant, lieutenant, 
adjutant and captain in the 73d Ohio volunteers, 
1861-65 ; was graduated at the University of Mich- 
igan, LL.B., 1867; practised law in Memphis, 


. [228] 














a 


PETERSON 
























































Mo., 1867-72; removed to Marion, Kansas, in 1873 ; 
vas state senator, 1874-75, and resigned to accept 
the judgeship of the ninth district, serving two 
terms, 1875-83. He was representative at large 
_ from Kansas in the 48th congress, 1883-85, and 
from the seventh district in the 49th, 50th and 
_ $ist congresses, 1885-91. He received the degree 
of A.B. from the Wesleyan university in 1894. 
He practised law in Newton, Kansas, after 1891. 
_ PETERSON, Charles Jacobs, publisher, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 20, 1819; son of 
Thomas and Elizabeth Snelling (Jacobs) Peterson ; 
grandson of Lawrence and Rachel Peterson, and 
‘a descendant of Laurencius Peterson, bishop of 
- Upsal at the time of the Swedish reformation, 
and son-in-law of King John. His first American 
ancestor, Erick Peterson, came from Sweden in 
1638, and settled the Delaware colony of Swedes. 
He matriculated at the University of Pennsyl- 
yania in the class of 1838 in the sophomore year, 
but left in 1839 to engage in the book business. 
He married Sarah Powell, daughter of Charles 
Pitt Howard. He was editor, with Ann D. Ste- 
phens, of Peterson's Ladies’ National Magazine, 
~ and author of : History of the U.S. Navy; History 
of the American Revolution; Military Heroes of 
the War of 1812; Military Heroes of the War 
with Mexico; a continuation of Charles von 
Rotteck’s ‘‘ History of the World ” (4 vols., 1856), 
and several novels. He died in Philadelphia, 
Pa., March 4, 1887. 
PETERSON, Henry, author, was born in Phil- 
~ adelphia, Pa., Dec. 7, 1818 ; son of George and Jane 
(Evans) Peterson; grandson of Lawrence and 
- Rachel Peterson, and of John and Rachel Evans. 


and in 1839 a member of the firm of Deacon & 
Peterson, who became publishers of the Saturday 


editor for twenty years. He was married to 
a arah Webb of Wilmington, Del., who edited 
e Lady's Friend for ten years, and their son, 
rthur Peterson, became assistant editor of the 
Saturday Evening Post, editor of Peterson’s 
Journal, and paymaster with rank of lieutenant 
inthe U.S. navy. Henry Peterson is the author 
of: The Twin Brothers (1843); Universal Suf- 
_frage (1867); The Modern Job (1869); Pemberton, 
or One Hundred Years Ago (1873); Faire-Mount 
-(1874); Confessions of a Minister (1874); Cesar, 
a Dramatie Study (1879); Poems (1863, new 
edition, 1883), and the drama Helen, or One hun- 
dred Years Ago, produced in Philadelphia in 1876. 
‘He e died in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 10, 1891. 
L PETERSON, Robert Hyais; publisher, 
orn in Philadelphia, Pa., 
; ge and Jane (Evans) Pabericn He received 
a tires education and engaged in the bard- 
are business until 1834, when he married Han- 


was 


He was clerk in a hardware store at fourteen, 


_ Evening Post, of which Henry Peterson was - 


Nov. 12, 1812; son of - 


PETIGRU 


nah Mary, only daughter Judge John Bouvier 
(q.v.). He then studied law with his father-in- 
law and assisted him in editing his law works. 
He was admitted to the bar in 1843, and in order 
to absolve the debt of his clients, Daniels & 
Smith, booksellers, purchased their business, con- 
ducting it as R. E. Peterson & Co. On the death 
of his father-in-law in 1851 he established with 
George W. Childs the publishing house of Childs 
& Peterson, which became involved in 1857-58. 
Mr. Peterson then retired from the publishing 
and bookselling business and took up the study 
of medicine. He was graduated at the University 
of Pennsylvania, M.D.,1863, but did not practise, 
devoting his life to study. He presented Judge 
Bouvier’s valuable law library to the University 
of Pennsylvania. His wife died, Sept. 4, 1870, at 
the home of her son-in-law, George W. Childs, 
Long Branch, N.J., and he was married secondly, 
in 1872, to Blanche, sister of Louis M. Gottschalk 
(q.v.) and after her death in 1879, thirdly, to her 
sister Clara. He published ‘‘ Bouvier’s Law Dic- 
tionary ” and ‘‘ Bouvier’s Institutes of American 
Law”; edited: ‘‘ Familiar Science, a Guide to 
Scientific Knowledge of Things Familiar” ; ‘‘ Dr. 
Kane’s Arctic Explorations ” ; ‘‘ Brazil and Brazil- 
ians”, and numerous text books, and is the 
author of : The Roman Catholic Chureh not the 
Only True Religion (1891). He died in Asbury 
Park, N.J., Oct. 30, 1894. 

PETERSON, Theophilos Beasley, publisher, 
was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 14, 1821; son 
of Thomas and Elizabeth Snelling (Jacobs) Pet- 
erson. He was a drygoods clerk at thirteen and 
afterward a clerk in a shipping-office, later learn- 
ed the trade of stereotyper and printer and in 
1845 became bookseller and news agent. He 
admitted his brothers, George W. and Thomas, 
into partnership in 1858, the firm becoming T. B. 
Peterson & Brothers. He was the first publisher 
to issue a catalogue giving portraits of authors 
with brief biographical sketches, and the pioneer 
in issuing cheap editions of English books. He 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 30, 1890. 

PETIGRU, James Lewis, statesman, was born 
in Abbeville district. S.C., March 10, 1789; son of 
William and Louise (Gibert) Petigru, and grand- 
son of James Petigru (or Pettigrew), who emi- 
grated in 1740, settled in Pennsylvania, removed 
to Tyrrell county, N.C., and thence to Abbeville, 
8.C., 1768; and of Jean Louis Gibert, a Huguenot 
clergyman, who fled from persecution in France, 
and settled in South Carolina in 1695. James 
Lewis Petigru attended school in Willington, 8.C., 
and was graduated from South Carolina college 
in 1809. He was a teacher in Beaufort college, 
1809-12; was admitted to the bar in 1812, and 
practised at Coosawhatchie, §.C. He served as a 
private soldier in the war of 1812, and was ap- 


[229] 


PETTIBONE 


pointed solicitor of Abbeville district in 1815, He 
removed to Charleston, §.C., and formed a part- 
nership with James Hamilton, Jr., which con- 
tinued until Hamilton’s election to congress in 
1821, when he practised alone. He attained high 
rank at the bar, and succeeded Gen. John V. 
Hayne as attorney-general of South Carolina, 
serving, 1822-30. He opposed the doctrine of nul- 
lification, was defeated as the Union candidate 
for state senator, and lost much of his popularity 
on account of his opposition to the dominant 
party. He was, however, elected district attor- 
ney and served as a representative in the state 
legislature, where he stood almost alone among the 
men of wealth and social position to oppose the 
nullification acts. When the state seceded in 1860 
he was too old to take an active part, but gave his 
approval to the measure. He married in August, 
1816, adaughter of Capt. James Postell, and grand- 
daughter of Colonel Postell of Marion’s brigade, 
and of their children, Caroline, born May 24, 1819, 
married William A. Carson in 1840 and attained 
distinction as a painter of portraits, that of her 
father being the best known of her works. He 
was president of the South Carolina Historical 
society and is the author of: Oration Delivered 
before the South Carolina College on the Occasion 
of its Semi-Centennial Celebration (1855); an Ad- 
dress before the South Carolina Historical Society 
(1858), and Codification of the Laws of South Car- 
olina (1862). A ‘*‘ Memorial” containing proceed- 
ings of the bar of Charleston on the occasion of 
his death was published in 1863, and his biography 
written by William J. Grayson in 1866. He 
died in Charleston, 8.C., March 8, 18638. 
PETTIBONE, Augustus Herman, representa- 
tive, was born at Bedford, Ohio, Jan, 21, 1835; 
sonof Augustus N. and Nancy L. (Hathaway) Pet- 
tibone;: grandson of Elijah Pettibone, a Revolu- 
tionary soldier of the Connecticut line, and Mary 
Field, his wife, and of Zephaniah and Silence 
(Alden) Hathaway, and a descendant of John 
Alden, clerk of the Mayflower, and of Mathew 
Grant, first American ancestor of Gen. U.S. 
Grant. He was educated at Hiram college, 
Ohio, was graduated at the University of Michi- 
gan in 1859, and studied law under the Hon. 
Jonathan E. Arnold at Milwaukee, Wis. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1861; settled in prac- 
tice at La Crosse, Wis., and entered the Union 
army as a private in the 20th Wisconsin volun- 
teers in 1861. He was promoted 2d lieutenant, 
captain and major and served until the close of 
the war, when he established his practice in 
Greeneville, Tenn. He was attorney-general for 
the Ist judicial circuit of Tennessee, 1870-82 ; a 
presidential elector on the Grant and Colfax 
ticket in 1868, and on the Hayes and Wheeler 
ticket in 1876, and assistant U.S. district attorney 


[230] 


_ trustee of the University of North Carolina, 1790- 


PETTIGRE 


for the eastern district of Tennessee, 1872-80. 
He was a Republican representative from the 
first Tennessee district in the 47th, 48th and 49th 
congresses, 1881-87, resuming practice in Greene 
ville in 1887, and was a representative in the 
general assembly of Tennessee, 1896-97. 

PETTIGREW, Charles, clergyman, was born 
in Chambersburg, Pa., March 20, 1748; son of 
James Petigru, or Pettigrew, the immigrant. 
He remained in North Carolina and obtained his 
education under the tutelage of the Rev. Henry 
Pattillo and the Rev. James Waddel. He taught 
school at Edenton, N.C., 1778-74, and received 
ordination in the established church at London, 
England, in 1775, from the bishop of Rochester, 
He was rector of St. Paul’s church, Edenton, N.C., 
and one of the foremost movers in the organiza- 
tion of the Protestant Episcopal church in North 
Carolina, first calling a meeting of the clergy 
and laity at Tarboro, June 5, 1790. He was a 


93, and was elected the first bishop of North 
Carolina, May 31, 1794, but was never consecrated, 
on account of the yellow fever epidemic in Nor- 
folk and his own ill health. He died in Tyrrell 
county, N.C. April 8, 1807. 
PETTIGREW, James Johnston, soldier, was 
born at Lake Phelps, Tyrrell county, N.C., July 4, 
1828 ; son of Ebenezer Pettigrew (1788-1848), 
representative in the 24th congress, 1835-37 ; state 
senator and extensive planter; brother of the © 
Rev. Dr. William Shephard Pettigrew (1818-1900), 
at the time of his death the oldest Protestant 
Episcopal clergyman in the state, and grandson 
of the Rev. Charles Pettigrew (q.v.). He was 
graduated with the highest honors from the 
University of North Carolina in 1841, and was 
professor in the national observatory, Washing- 
ton, D.C., 1848. Shortly after he removed to 
Charleston, S.C., studied law with his kinsman, 
James L. Petigru, 1849-51, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1850. He traveled extensively in 
Europe, was secretary to the U.S. minister to 
Spain, Daniel M. Barringer of North Carolina, 
for several months in 1852, and on his return to 
the United States established a law practice in 
Charleston, 8.C. He was a representative in the ‘ 
South Carolina legislature, 1858-59, and in 1859 
joined the Sardinian army in Italy, but the early 
termination of the war prevented him from see- | 
ing active service. He accordingly returned to 
Charleston, and organized and drilleda regiment 
of riflemen. Upon the secession of South Carolina — 
in December, 1860, he took possession of Castle — 
Pinkney, and demanded of Major Anderson — 
the evacuation of Fort Sumter. He was trans- 
ferred to Morris Island and engineered the con- 
struction of batteries to guard the harbor; was 
commissioned colonel of the 22d North Carolina 





PETTIGREW 















































ie 


viment in 1861, and was stationed at Evans- 
t, on the Potomac, where he constructed and 
rded the fortifications. He wascommissioned 
adier-general in 1862 and took an active part 
nthe Peninsular campaign of that year. He was 
P esent at Seven Pines in June, 1862, being 
‘severely wounded and taken prisoner; was ex- 
changed in August, 1862, and assigned to a new 
1 brigade. He was pinbad in command at Rich- 
ho ond, Va., which he defended against General 
Stoneman’s raid. On the third day of the battle 
of Gettysburg he commanded Heth’s division and 
‘took part in Pickett’s charge. While defending 
the rear of General Lee’s army during the retreat 
that followed he was surprised at Falling 
Waters, Va., by a small band of Federal cavalry 
and was mortally wounded, July 14, 1863. He is 
the author of Spain and the Spaniards (1859). 
He died near Winchester, Va., July 17, 1863. 
PETTIGREW, Richard Franklin, senator, 
‘was born at Ludlow, Vt., in July, 1848; son of 
Andrew and Hannah B. (Sawtelle) Pettigrew ; 
grandson of Andrew and Priscilla (Barn) Petti- 
grew and of Elnathan and Millie (Pitt) Sawtelle. 
His great-grandfather was a soldier in the battle 
of Bunker Hill. In 1854 he removed to Evansville, 
Wis., attended Evansville academy and Beloit 
college, 1866-68, spent the years 1869-72 in Sioux 
Falls, Dak. Ter., as a surveyor and dealer in real 
ate, and after 1872 in the practice of law. He 
was elected to the territorial council in 1876, 1878 
and 1884. The University of Wisconsin conferred 
upon him the degree of LL.B., 1878. He was 
married, Feb, 27, 1879, to Bessie Vaughn, daugh- 
ter of Henry Hamilton and Annie (Arthur) Pittar 
of Chicago, Ill. He was a Republican delegate 
om Dakota Territory in the 47th congress, 1881- 
In 1883 he was a member of the convention 
ich framed the constitution for the proposed 
e of South Dakota, having been an early ad- 
te of the division of Dakota Territory into two 
s. He waselected to the U.S. senate, Oct. 16, 
), after the admission of South Dakota to the 
m, and drew the long term expiring March 
395 He was re-elected in 1894, his second 
‘expiring March 3, 1901. In 1900 he was the 
ecessful candidate of the Fusionists for re- 
ion. In the campaigns of 1896 and 1900 he 
ported Bryan for the Presidency. He was 
opposed to the policy of the government in ac- 
guiring the Hawaiian Islands and in the annexa- 
tion of the Philippines. 
INGILL, John Hancock, theologian, was 
born in Manchester, Vt., May 11, 1815 ; son of the 
Rev. Amos and Hannah (Dean) Pettingill. His 
ther (1780-1830), a graduate of Harvard, 1805, 
vas pastor of Methodist churches in New York 
nd Connecticut, 1807-30, and published a ‘ View 
t the Heavens” (1826), and ‘“ The Spirit of 


PETTIT 


Methodism” (1829). John Hancock Pettingill 
was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1837, A.M., 1840; was 
a teacher in the Institution for the Deaf and 
Dumb in New York city, 1838-43, and was a stu- 
dent at Union Theological seminary, 1839-41. He 
was ordained to the Congregational ministry, 
Dec. 6, 1843; was stated supply at South Dennis, 
Mass., 1845-48 ; pastorat Saybrook, Conn., 1848-52; 
district secretary of the A.B.C.F.M. at Albany, 
N.Y., 1853-60, and visited the missions of the 
American Board in Servia, Turkey and Greece, 
1856-57. He was pastor at Saxonville, Mass., 
1860-63, at Westbrook, Conn., 1863-66, and was 
chaplain of the Seamen’s Friend society at Ant- 
werp, Belgium, 1866-72. He visited northern 
Europe in the interest of missions, and in 1866 
assisted in the care of those sick with cholera, 
which service was publicly acknowledged by the 
Belgian government. He resided in New York 
city, 1872-76; in Philadelphia, 1876-86, where he 
gave his time chiefly to literary work, and in 
1866 removed to New Haven, Conn. He was 
married, April 28, 1845, to Rebecca S. Parker of 
Falmouth, Mass., and secondly, June .17, 1863, to 
Jeannie, daughter of Judge Copeland of Brooklyn, 
N.Y. He wrote principally on the science of 
religion, and was the first American teacher to 
propound the doctrine that eternal life was de- 
pendent upon knowledge of and faith in Christ 
as held by the primitive Church up to the time 
of Plato. He was subjected to great losses and 
determined opposition by reason of his teachings, 
and his books were not received with favor even 
after he had succeeded in having them published. 
Finally they grew in favor and were reprinted 
in several continental languages, and at his 
death he had a large number of disciples. He 
wrote for current magazines, and is the author 
of The Homiletical Index (1877) ; The Theological 
Trilemma (1878); Platonism versus Christianity 
(1881); Bible Terminology (1831); Life Everlast- 
ing (1882); The Unspeakable Gift (1884); and 
Views and Reviews in Eschatology (1887). He 
died in New Haven, Conn., Feb. 27, 1887. 
PETTIT, Charles, delegate, was born at Am- 
well, N.J., in 1736, of Huguenot ancestry. He 
received a good education and married a sister of 
Joseph Reed, under whom he was commissioned 
surrogate in 1767, and whom he succeeded as 
deputy-secretary of the province in 1769. He 
studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1770, and 
was appointed a councillor in 1773. He was sec- 
retary to Governor William Franklin, 1772-74, 
but upon the outbreak of the Revolutionary war 
resigned his position and joined the patriot cause. 
He was secretary to Goy. William Livingston, 
1776-78; assistant quartermaster-general of the 
Continental army, 1778-83; removed to Phila- 
delphia, Pa., in 1783, where he engaged in mer- 


[231] 


PETTIT 


cantile business; was a representative in the 
Pennsylvania legislature, 1783-84, and proposed a 
plan for funding the state debt, which was 
adopted. He was a 
delegate to the Con- 
tinental congress, 
1785-87, and a mem- 
ber of the general 
convention which 
met at Harrisburg, 
Pa., to consider the 
adoption of the Fed- 
eral constitution, 
which he earnestly 
advocated. He was 
a trustee of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsyl- 
vania, 1791-1802, a 
member of the Amer- 
ican Philosophical so- 
ciety, and president of the Insurance Company of 





North America, 1796-98 and 1799-1806. He died 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 4, 1806. 
PETTIT, George Albert Joseph, educator, 


was born in Dunmore, Ireland, 
son of William and Elizabeth Pettit. He attend- 
ed the academy of St. Francis Xavier, N.Y. ; 
became a member of the Society of Jesus, July 
30, 1880, and was graduated from Woodstock 
college, Md., in 1887. He was instructor in Eng- 
lish and the classics at Gonzaga college, Wash- 
D.C., 1887-90, and at St. John’s college, 
Fordham, N.Y., 1890-92; attended the Jesuit 
seminary of Woodstock college, 1892-96, and 
was ordained priest in June, 1895, by Arch- 
bishop Satolli. He supplied the chair of English 
literature at Gonzaga college, made vacant by 
the retirement of a professor near the close of 
the scholastic year, 1895-96 ; was prefect of disci- 
pline and vice-president of St. John’s college, 
1896-98 ; was assistant master of novices in the 
novitiate at Frederick, Md., in 1898, and was re- 
appointed vice-president and prefect of studies 
at St. John’s college in 1899. He was elected to 
succeed the Rev. T. J. Campbell, S.J., as presi- 
dent of St. John’s college, Fordham, in 1900. 
PETTIT, Henry, engineer and architect, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 23, 1842; son of 
Robert and Laura (Elimaker) Pettit ; grandson 
of Andrew and Elizabeth (McKean) Pettit and 
of Levi and Hannah (Hopkins) Ellmaker, and 
great-grandson of Charles (q.v.) and Sarah 
(Reed) Pettit and of Thomas McKean, the signer, 
Robert Pettit was pay director in the U.S. navy. 
Henry Pettit matriculated at the University of 
Pennsylvania with the class of 1863, but at the 
close of his freshman year entered the scientific 
course, remaining until the junior year, 1862. He 
was employed by the Pennsylvania railroad com- 


Sept. 15, 1858 ; 


ington, 


PETTIT 


pany in the engineering department and in the 
construction of bridges and buildings, 1862-74 ; 
was special agent of the Philadelphia centennial 
commission to the exposition at Vienna, 1878 ; 
was architect of the Main building, Machinery 
hall, and other constructions of the centennial 
exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876 ; chief of the bureau 
of installation, 1875-76, and engineer and architect 
for the organization of the permanent exhibition 
at Philadelphia, 1877. He was also in charge of 
the U.S. department, and designed and superin- 
tended its construction for the French universal 
exposition, Paris, 1879, and was a member of the 
advisory art commission for Pennsylvania at the 
World’s Columbian exposition, 1893. Meanwhile 
he established a general practice as a civil 
engineer and architect, retiring in 1890. He 


twice made the tour around the world and re-_ 


ceived the decoration of many foreign orders, 
including : Ridder of St. Olaf from King Oscar of 
Norway and Sweden; chevalier of the Legion 
of Honor from France ; commander of Nichan 
Iftakhar from the Bey of Tunis, and Caballero 
of Ysabel la Catolica from Alfonso XIII. of Spain, 
He was made a member of the American Society 
of Civil Engineers ; associate member of the 
American Institute of Mining Engineers ; member 
of the Philosophical society and one of its:cura- 
tors, 1879-1901; a member of the Loyal Legion, and 
of the Union league, Philadelphia, serving on its 
board of managers for two terms. He received 
the degree of M.S., gratie causa, from the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania in 1877. He is the 
author of : EHllmaker Genealogy ; Descendants of 
Col. Charles Pettit, Member of the Continental 
Congress ; The Pettit Family of Cornwall, Eng- 
land, and Long Island, N. Y., and also the 
author of several musical compositions. He took 
numerous photographs in the Orient and America 
for use in illustrating lectures delivered before 
various societies, and he compiled forty volumes 
of illustrated notes of travel. 

PETTIT, John, senator, was born in Sacket 
Harbor, N.Y., June 24, 1807. He was admitted 
to the bar in 1831, and engaged in practice in 
Lafayette, Ind. He served two terms in the 
Indiana legislature, and was subsequently U. S. 


district attorney. He was a Democratic repre-_ 


sentative for the eighth district of Indiana in the 
28th, 29th, and 30th congresses, 1843-49; a dele- 
gate to the state constitutional convention of 
1850, and a presidential elector at large from 
Indiana on the Pierce and King ticket in 1853. 
He was elected to the U.S. senate to fill the 
vacancy caused by the death of James Whit- 
comb, serving, 1853-55 ; was later appointed U.S. 
circuit judge, and was made chief justice of the 
territory of Kansas by President Buchanan, 
serving, 1859-63. He wasa delegate to the Demo- 


[232] 


2 


ag i a Re at ge EER i ll ey 


‘eS | 


oo Whe 














_ PETTIT 










































eratic national convention of 1864; was justice 
of the Indiana supreme court, 1870-76, and was 
yenominated, but owing to scandals in connection 
with the court that excited popular indignation, 
his name was withdrawn. He died at Lafayette, 
Ind., June 17, 1877. 
_ PETTIT, John Upfold, representative, was 
porn in Fabius, N.Y., Sept. 11, 1820 ; son of George 
and Jane (Upfold) Pettit, and grandson of Jona- 
than Pettit. Heattended Hamilton college ; was 
graduated at Union college in 1839; was admit- 
ted to the bar in 1841, and settled in practice in 
Wabash, Ind. He was married, Nov. 25, 1858, to 
Julia, daughter of Samuel and Eliza (Holmes) 
Brenton of Fort Wayne, Ind. He was a representa- 
tive in the state legislature in 1844 and 1864, and 
speaker of the house, 1864; U.S. consul-general at 
- Maranham, Brazil, 1850-53 ; judge of the 8th judi- 
cial district of Indiana, 1854-55, and a Republican 
representative from the eleventh district in the 
84th, 35th, and 86th congresses, 1855--61, serving 
as chairman of the library committee. He was 
_ engaged in recruiting soldiers, 1861--62 ; assisted 
in organizing the Orphan’s home at Knightstown, 
Ind., in 1863; and in 1865 was largely instru- 
mental in securing from President Johnson a 
commutation of the sentence of Bowles and 
_ Milligan, who had been condemned to death by 
the U.S. military commission for treasonable 
“conspiracy in Indiana. He was professor of law 
in Indiana university, 1869-70; judge of the 17th 
judicial district of Indiana, 1872-81, and pay- 
master to disburse the principal due the Miami 
Indians in 1881. He received the degree LL.D, 
from Indiana university in 1871. He died at 
Wabash, Ind., March 21, 1881. 
PETTUS, Edmund Winston, senator, was 
born in Limestone county, Ala., July 6, 1821; 
“gon of John and Alice T. (Winston) Pettus, and 
grandson of Capt. Anthony Winston of Hanover 
county, Va., a colonial officer of 1776, who re- 
moved first to Tennessee and then to Alabama. 
ohn Pettus, served in the Creek war, and settled 
n Limestone county, Ala. The son attended Clin- 
ton college, Smith county, Tenn. ; was admitted 
0 the bar in 1842, and practised in Gainesville, 
Ala., 1842-44. He was married, June 27, 1844, to 
Mary S. Chapman, and their son, Francis L. 
Pettus (died March 6, 1901), was speaker of the 
Alabama house of representatives. He was 
solicitor for the seventh circuit of Alabama, 
844-49 ; served in the Mexican war as a lieuten- 
mt; in 1849 joined a party of gold seekers in 
California, traveling on horseback to the gold 
elds, and on his return in 1851 resumed the 
ctice of his profession. He was judge of the 
seventh Alabama circuit, 1855-58; removed to 
Selma in 1858, and in 1861 joined the Confederate 
am y as major of the 20th Alabama infantry and 


d 
. 


= 
an 


PEYTON 


was later promoted lieutenant-colonel. On the 
death of Col. John W. Garrett at Vicksburg, 
Pettus succeeded him as colonel and led Col. T, 
N. Waul’s Texas legion in a desperate charge at 
Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. He was promoted 
brigadier-general and commanded the second 
brigade in Stevenson’s division in the Atlanta 
campaign, distinguishing himself by keeping the 
enemy in check at Rocky-face Ridge, May 8, 
1864. In the march to the sea and the Carolina 
campaign, he continued in command of his 
brigade in 8. D. Lee’s corps, surrendering with 
Johnston in North Carolina. In 1865 he resumed 
his law practice ; was a delegate to the Democra- 
tic national conventions of 1872, 1876, 1880, 1884, 
1888, 1892 and 1896, serving in each as chairman 
of the Alabama delegation ; was nominated for 
U.S. senator by the Democratic caucus of the 
general assembly, Nov. 16, 1896, by a vote of 67 
to 26, Governor Oates, Representative Bankhead 
and Senator Pugh being the other candidates, 
and was elected for the term beginning March 
4, 1897, and expiring March 38, 1903. He served 
onthe judiciary committee, and on the com- 
mittees on military affairs, railroads, privileges, 
elections and Indian depredations. 

PETTUS, John J., governor of Mississippi, 
was born in Wilson county, Tenn., in 1813; son 
of John and Alice T. (Winston) Pettus. He 
was educated in Limestone county, Ala., where 
he also prepared for the law. He engaged 
in practice in Sumter county, 
and subsequently removed to 
Kemper county, Miss., where 
he became a planter. He 
served in both branches of 
the state legislature; was 
governor of Mississippi, 1860- 
62, and convened a special 
meeting of the legislature in 1862 to provide for 
additional troops for the Confederate army. He 
was a brigadier-general in the Confederate army, 
1863-65, and after the war removed to Arkansas, 
where he died in 1867. 

PEYTON, Balie, representative, was born in 
Sumner county, Tenn., Nov. 26, 1803; son of 
John and Margaret (Hamilton) Peyton; grand- 
son of Robert and Ann (Guffey) Peyton ; great- 
grandson of Valentin and Frances (Harrison) 
Peyton, anda descendant of Henry and Ellen 
(Partington) Peyton. Henry Peyton wasa native 
of London, England, and settled at Ragged 
Point, Westmoreland county, Va., about 1656. 
Balie Peyton passed his childhood with his 
maternal grandmother; attended Gallatin col- 
lege; was admitted to the bar in 1824, and 
settled in practice in Gallatin. He was a Whig 
representative in the 23d and 24th congresses, 
1833-37, and in 18837 removed to New Orleans, 

[233] 





PEYTON 


La. He was appointed U.S. district attorney at 
New Orleans, by President Harrison, in March, 
1841, and was offered but declined the portfolio 
of war in President Tyler’s cabinet. At the out- 
break of the Mexican war he raised a volunteer 
regiment of 1200 men. Since the regiment was 
not accepted by President Polk, he became chief of 
General Worth’s staff ; was present at the battle 
of Monterey, and presented with a reward by the 
state of Louisiana for his gallantry in that battle ; 
was appointed U.S. minister to Chili by Presi- 
dent Taylor in 1849, serving, 1849-53, and practised 
law in San Francisco, Cal., 1853-58. He returned 
to Gallatin, Tenn., in 1859, and was an elector- 
at-large from Tennessee on the Bell and Everett 
ticket in 1860. He wasa Unionist throughout 
the civil war, and a member of the Tennessee 
senate, 1869-70. He was married in 1830 to Ann 
Carr, daughter of William and Alethia (Eaton) 
Smith of Granville county, N.C. Their son, 
Balie Peyton, Jr., a lieutenant on the staff of 
Gen. F. K. Zollicoffer, of the Confederate army, 
was killed in the battle of Fishing Creek, Ky., 
Jan. 19, 1862. Peytonsville, Tenn., was named 
in honor of Balie Peyton, Sr., who died at 
Gallatin, Tenn., Aug. 19, 1878. 

PEYTON, Ephraim Geoffrey, jurist, was born 
in Elizabethtown, Ky., Oct. 29, 1802: son of 
Ephraim and (Jennings) Peyton, and grand- 
son of Robert and Ann (Guffey) Peyton, and of 
Jonathan Jennings. He was a cousin of Balie 
Peyton of Tennessee, their fathers being brothers. 
He was educated in Gallatin college, Tenn., and 
in 1818 removed to Mississippi, where he taught 
school and learned the printer’s trade. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1824, and settled in prac- 
tice first in Copiah county, and then in Gallatin, 
Miss. He was married, March 31, 1831, to Artemisia 
G., daughter of Francis Patton, a planter of Clai- 
borne county, Va. He wasa representative in the 
Mississippi legislature in 18385, was district 
attorney of the fourth judicial district for 
several years from 1839, and in 1861 refused 
to favor seccession. He was a member 
of the Mississippi constitutional convention 
of 1865, and a Republican representative to 
the 89th congress in the same year, but was 
denied his seat because Mississippi was not a 
reconstructed state. He was judge of the su- 
preme court of Mississippi, 1868-70, and chief 
justice, 1870-75. He lost his fortune, estimated 
at about $100,000, by the failure of the banks, and 
was left deeply in debt, which debt he fully paid. 
He died in Jackson, Miss., Sept. 5, 1876. 

PEYTON, John Howe, lawyer, was born in 
Stafford county, Va., April 29, 1778; son of John 
towze and Ann (Howe) Peyton; grandson of 
John and Elizabeth (Rowze) Peyton, and of How- 
son and Mary (Dade) Howe, and a descendant of 





PEYTON 


Henry (of London) and Ellen (Partington) Pey- 
ton who settled in Westmoreland county, Va. 
He was graduated from the College of New 
Jersey, A.B., 1797, A.M., 1800 ; was a law student 
in the office of Bushrod Washington, and- was 
admitted to practice in 1799. He married Ann 
Montgomery, daughter of Maj. John and Mary 
(Preston) Lewis. He represented Stafford county 
in the Virginia assembly, 1806-10 ; was prosecut- 
ing attorney for the Augusta district, 1809-10: 
major on the staff of General Porterfield in the 
war of 1812; mayor of Staunton, 1815; deputy 
U.S. attorney for the western district of Virgina, 
1815-36 ; refused a nomination for representative 
to the 17th congress in 1820, anda U.S. judgeship 
in 1824; served as state senator, 1836-44; as 
trustee of Washington college, 1832-46 ; as visitor 
to the U.S. Military academy, 1840, writing the 
report of the board, and as president of the 
board of directors of the Western Virginia 
Lunatic asylum, 1837-47. He is the author of: 
Resolutions upon the attitude of Pennsylvania 
with reference to an Amendment to the Constitu- 
tion of the United States, providing a tribunal for 
settling disputes between the State and Federal 
judiciary, pronounced by Daniel Webster as 
conclusive and admitting of no further discussion. 
He died in Staunton, Va., April 27, 1847. 
PEYTON, John Lewis, author, was born in 


Staunton, Va., Sept. 15, 1824; son of John Howe ~ 


(q.v.) and Ann Montgomery (Lewis) Peyton. 
He was graduated at the University of Virginia, 
LL.B. in 1845; was in Europe on official business 
connected with the state department of Secretary 
Webster, 1852-53; resided in Chicago, Ill., 1853- 
55, and there served as major of the Ist Chicago 
regiment, and as lieutenant-colonel of the 18th 
battalion of the National Guards. He declined 
the office of U.S. district attorney of Utah, 
offered by President Pierce in 1855, returned to 
Virginia that year, and was made magistrate, 
bank director, and member of the board of 
visitors of the Deaf, Dumb and Blind institution 
at Staunton. He was married, Dec. 17, 1855, to 
Henrietta E. Clark, daughter of Col. John C. 
and Mary (Bond) Washington of Lenoir county, 
N.C. He recruited and drilled troops for the 


Confederate army in 1861; was appointed agent 


of the state of North Carolina in Europe, and 
remained abroad, 1862-76. He was made a fellow 
of the Royal Geographical Society of London ; 
of the Society of Americanists of Luxembourg, 
Prussia; an honorary member of the Reform 
club, London, and a corresponding member of 
the Virginia and Wisconsin Historical societies. 
He was entertained by Napoleon III. in the 
Tuileries and had audience with Cardinal Anto- 
nelliin the Palace of the Vatican. He edited 
Dauenhower’s Journal, while in Chicago, con- 


[234] 





’ PEYTON 




















































ibuted to the press and to the leading magazines, 
and is the author of : Pacific Railway Communi- 
cations and the Trade of China (1854); A Statis- 
tical View of the State of Illinois (1854); The 
American Crisis ; or, Pages from the Note Book 
of a State Agent during the Civil War in America 
(1866) ; Over the Alleghanies and across the 
Prairies, Personal Recollections of the Far West, 
One and Twenty Years Ago (1867); Memoir of 
hag Madison Peyton (1870); The Adventures 
of My Grandfather (1871); Memorials of Nature 
d Art (1881); A History of Augusta County 
(1882); Rambling Reminiscences of a Residence 
ibroaid (1886), and A History of Virginia from 
2 Retrocession of Alexandria to the Reconstruc- 
tion of the Union. He also edited and wrote an 
introduction to ‘‘ The Glasse of Time” by Thomas 
Peyton of Lincoln’s Inn (1887), and edited ** Tom 
‘Swindel, or the Adventures of a Boomer ” (1893), 
7 ee life in Brock’s ‘Virginia and Virginians.” He 
died in Staunton, Va., May 23, 1896. 

_ PEYTON, Samuel Oldham, representative, was 
born in Bullitt county, Ky., in 1804; son of Wil- 
iam and Mary (Ross) Peyton; grandson of 
Craven and Ann Peyton, and of Lawrence and 
——— (Oldham) Ross, and a descendant of 
Henry and Ellen (Partington) Peyton. He was 
graduated at Transylvania university, M.D., in 
827. He was married to Mary Kincheloe; prac- 
tised medicine in Hartford, Ky. ; represented Bul- 
litt county in the state legislature in 1835; was a 
Democratic representative from Kentucky in 
the 30th, 35th and 86th congresses, 1847-49 and 
1857-61, and was defeated for the 31st congress 
in 1848. He was a member of the committee on 
public buildings and grounds in the 36th congress. 
He died in Hartford, Ky., Jan. 4, 1870. 
PHELAN, James, senator, was born in Hunts- 
vi ‘lle, Ala., Oct. 11, 1821 ; son of Johnand Priscilla 
Oakes (Ford) Morris Phelan, and grandson of 
D ennis Phelan, who emigrated from Maryborough, 
pel en's county, Ireland, to New York city, with 
wife, Mary (Lalor) Phelan, and children in 
3, and resided in New Jersey, Virginia and 
abama. James served an apprenticeship in the 
e of the Huntsville Democrat, 1835-42, be- 
me editor of The Flag of the Union at Tuska- 
in 1842, and state printer in 1843. He was 
ried, Sept. 22, 1846, to Eliza J., daughter of 
] ir. Alfred and Eliza (Jones) Moore of Madison 
county, N.J. He practised law in Huntsville, 
49, and in Aberdeen, Miss., 1849-65. He 
a state senator in 1860, and Confederate 
es senator, 1862-64. He introduced in the 
federate senate in 1868, a bill to impress all 
cotton in the South, pay for it in Confederate 
Is and use it as a basis for a foreign loan. 
bill failed to pass, and Mr. Phelan was de- 
in the next senatorial election. He served 


PHELPS 


as judge advocate of Alabama, 1864-65, and then 
resumed the practice of law in Memphis, Tenn., 
where he died, May 17, 1873. 

PHELAN, James, Yepresentative, was born in 
Aberdeen, Miss., Dec. 7, 1856 ; son of Judge James 
and Eliza J. (Moore) ‘Phelan He removed to 
Memphis, Tenn., with his parents, 1867, and was 
educated in the Kentucky Military institute, the 
literary department of the University of Nash- 
ville, and at University of Mississippi, where he 
matriculated in 1872. He went to Europe in 1874, 
and completed his education in the Gymnasium 
of St. Thomas, and at the University of Leipzig, 
where he received the degree Ph.D. in 1878. In 
1881 he settled in the practice of law in Memphis, 
and was married, Oct. 15 of that year, to Mary, 
daughter of Dr. Robert Early of Lynchburg, Va. 
He was a Democratic representative from the 
tenth Tennessee district in the 50th and 51st con- 
gresses, 1887-91. He died in Nassau, Bahama Is- 
lands, seeking relief from phthisis, Jan. 30, 1891. 

PHELAN, Richard, R. C. bishop, was born at 
Tralee, county Limerick, Ireland, Jan. 1, 1828. 
He was educated in St. Kieran’s college, Kilkenny. 
He immigrated to the United States with Bishop 
Michael O’Connor of Pittsburg, Pa., in 1850, on 
the latter’s call for students to take up the work 
of the church in his diocese, and prepared for the 
priesthood in St. Michael’s seminary, Pittsburg, 
and in St. Mary’s Theological seminary, Balti- 
more, Md. He was ordained priest at Pittsburg, 
Pa., by Bishop O’Connor, gages 1854, was charged 
with a small mission at Camerons Bottoms, In- 
diana county, Pa., and was assistant rector at 
St. Paul’s cathedral, Pittsburg, Pa.,1855-58. He 
was rector of the church at Freeport, Pa., 1858— 
68, and of St. Peter’s church at Allegheny, Pa., 
1868-85, where he built a church at a cost of 
$150,000, and completed the schools commenced 
by the Rev. Tobias Mullen. In 1881 he was ap- 
pointed administrator of the diocese of Pittsburg 
and Allegheny, during the absence of Bishop 
Tuigg, and vicar-general in 1883, and was nomi- 
nated coadjutor of the two sees with the right of 
succession in 1885. He was consecrated titular 
bishop of Cibyra at Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. 2, 1885, 
by Archbishop Ryan of Philadelphia, assisted by 
Bishops Mullen and Shanahan, and succeeded to 
the full bishopric on the death of Bishop Tuigg, 
Dec. 7, 1889, taking up his residence at Pittsburg, 
the see city, in 1891. 

PHELPS, Almira (Hart) Lincoln, educator, 
was born in Berlin, Conn., July 15, 1798; daugh- 
ter of Capt. Samuel and Lydia (Hinsdale) Hart ; 
granddaughter of Lieut. Samuel and Mary 
(Hooker) Hart and of Capt. John and Elizabeth 
(Cole) Hinsdale, and a descendant of Thomas 
Hooker and of Stephen Hart, who came from 
Essex, England, to Massachusetts about 1632, 


7 [235] 


PHELPS 


settled first at Braintree and then in Newtown, 
and wasan original proprietor of Hartford, Conn., 
in 1635. She was instructed by her sister, Mrs. 
Emma Hart Willard (q.v.), whom she assisted at 
Middlebury, Vt., and completed her education 
in the Female academy, Pittsfield, Mass. She 
taught a private school at Middletown, Conn., was 
again with her sister at Middlebury and was prin- 
cipal of the Sandy Hill, N.Y., Female academy, 
1815-17. She was married, Oct. 15, 1817, to Simeon 
Lincoln, Jr., and after his death she became 
head teacher in the department of natural science 
in Mrs. Willard’s seminary at Troy, N.Y., and 
vice-principal of the seminary in 1827, managing 
it while her sister was in Europe. She was mar- 
ried secondly, in 1831, to Judge John Phelps of 
Vermont, and retired from active educational 
work until 1838, when she became principal of 
the West Chester, Pa., Female seminary. She 
was subsequently principal of a private school at 
Rahway, N.J., and conducted, with her husband, 
the Patapsco institute, a diocesan female school 
at Baltimore, Md., 1841-1849, where she remained 
alone, 1849-56. She was thesecond woman to be 
elected a member of the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science, and read before 
that body papers on the religious and scientific 
character and writings of Edward Hitchcock 
(1866), and the ‘‘ Infidel Tendencies of Modern 
Science” (1878). She was also a member of the 
Maryland Academy of Science, to which society 
she gave her herbarium containing about 600 
specimens. She is the author of : Familiar Lec- 
tures on Botany (1829) ; Dictionary of Chemistry 
(1830); Botany for Beginners (1831); Geology 
for Beginners (1882) ; Female Student or Fireside 
Friend (1833); Chemistry for Beginners (18384) ; 
Lectures on Natural Philosophy (1885) ; Lectures 
on Chemistry (1837); Natural Philosophy for 
Beginners (1887) ; Ida Norman (1850) ; Christian 
Households (1860) ; Hours with My Pupils (1869) ; 
Autumn Fruits (1878), and Preserved in the Win- 
ter of Life (1873). She also edited: Ouwr Coun- 
try, in its Relation to the Past, Present and Future 


(1868), and the proceeds from its sale were de-. 


voted to the Christian and sanitary commis- 
sions. She diced in Baltimore, Md., July 15, 1884. 

PHELPS, Austin, clergyman, was born in 
West Brookfield, Mass., Jan. 7, 1820; son of 
Eliakim and Sarah (Adams) Phelps; grandson of 
Eliakim and Abigail (Combes) Phelps, and a 
descendant of William Phelps, who came from 
Tewksbury, England, to America in the ship 
Mary and John in 1680, settled first at Hull and 
then in Dorchester, Mass., and Windsor, Conn., 
in 1635. Heattended Hobart college, 1833-34; 
Amherst college in 1835; was graduated at the 
University of Pennsylvania, A.B., 1837, A.M., 
1840; was resident licentiate at the Andover 


- PHELPS 


Theological seminary, 1838-42; was licensed to 
preach in 1840, and was pastor of the Pine St. 
Congregational church, Boston, Mass., 1842-48. 
He was professor of homiletics and sacred rhetorie 


fessor emeritus, 1879-90, and president of the 
seminary, 1869-79. He served as chaplain of both 
houses of the Massachusetts legislature and 
preached the ‘‘election sermon” in 1861. He 
was married in September, 1842, to Elizabeth, 


daughter of the Rev. Moses Stuart of Andover; — 


secondly in April, 1855, to Mary, her sister, and 


thirdly in June, 1858, to Mary A., daughter of . 


Samuel Johnson of Boston, Mass. He received 
the honorary degree of D.D. from Amherst in 
1856. 
Edwards A. Park and Rev. David Furber (1859); 
Sabbath 
Lowell Mason (1859), and is the author of: The 
Still Hour (1858), which had a large circulation 


in America and abroad ; The New Birth (1867); 


The Solitude of Christ (1868) ; Sabbath Hours 
(1870) ; Studies of the Old Testament (1878) ; 
Theory and Practice of Preaching: Lectures on 
Homiletics (1882) ; My Portfolio (1882); English 
Style in Public Discourse (1883): My Studies and 
other Essays (1886) ; My Note-Book ; Fragmentary 
Studies in Theology and Subjects Adjacent Thereto 


(1889) ; besides addresses and contributions to the — 


Congregationalist and other periodicals. See 


“Memoir” by Mrs. E. 8. P. Ward (1891). "He — 


died at Bar Harbor, Maine, Oct. 18, 1890. 
PHELPS, Charles Edward, jurist, was born in 
Guilford, Vt., May 1, 1888; son of John and 
Almira (Hart) Lincoln (q.v.) Phelps; grandson 
of Capt. Samuel Hart, a soldier in the Revolu- 
tion, and a colonial champion of religious liberty ; 
great-grandson of 
Charles Phelps, the 
first lawyer who set- 
tled in Vermont, and 
a descendant of Wil- 
liam Phelps, who 
came from England 
in 1630, and of the 
Rey. Thomas Hooker 
(q.v.). He removed 
to Maryland in 1841; 
was graduated from 
the College of New © , 
Jersey, A.B., 1852, he 
A.M., 1855; studied 
law at Harvard; be- 
camea practising law- 









{4 
AY 
GYD 


yer in Baltimore in 1855, and was admitted to prac- 
tice in the U.S. supreme court in 1859. He was_ 
elected on the Reform ticket .a member of the © 


city council of Baltimore in 1860; was one of the 
organizers and major of the Maryland Guard, 


[236] , 


“| 


in Andover Theological seminary, 1848-79, pro- | 


Hymn-Book with Prof. Park and Dr, — 


Sgig 
TY AKG 
Yee Ves 


He edited Hymns and Choirs with Prof, — 








PHELPS 


































1858-61, and lieutenant-colonel and colonel of the 
‘Ith Maryland Volunteers, 1862-64. At the battle 
of the Wilderness his horse was killed and 
his clothing riddled, and at  Spottsylvania, 
‘May 8, 1864, his horse was killed, and he was 
wounded and taken prisoner while leading the 
2d division, 5th army corps, in the charge on the 
works. He was recaptured by Sheridan’s cavalry, 
brevetted brigadier-general for gallant conduct, 
and awarded the congressional medal of honor. 
He was elected on the National Union ticket asa 
representative from the third district of Maryland 
inthe 39th congress, 1865-67, where he opposed 
the radical measures and policy of reconstruction, 
and was re-elected on the Conservative ticket to 
“the 40th congress, 1867-69. He declined an exe- 
cutive appointment as judge of the court of 
appeals in 1867; was married, Dec. 29, 1868, to 
artha Woodward of Baltimore,Md., and resumed 
his practice in Baltimore. He was president of 
the Baltimore school board, 1876; commander of 
the 8th Maryland regiment during the strike 
riots in 1877; president of the Maryland Associa- 
tion of Union Veterans, and a member of various 
scientific, historical, military and social organiza- 
tions. In 1882 he was elected on the Independent 
ticket judge of the supreme bench of Baltimore, 
and in 1897 was nominated by all parties and re- 
‘elected without opposition, the legislature, in 
1902, upon the application of the Baltimore Bar 
association, unanimously extending his term be- 
yond the constitutional age limit. In 1884 he 
was chosen a law professor in the University of 
Maryland. He is the author of: Juridical Equity 
(1894), and Falstaff and Equity (1901). 
PHELPS, Edward John, diplomatist, was born 
Middlebury, Vt., July 11, 1822 ; son of the Hon. 
Samuel Shethar Phelps (q.v.). He was.graduated 
at Middlebury, college, A.B., 1840, A.M., 1843; 
wactised law in Middlebury, 1843-45, and removed 
to Burlington in 1845, where he was married in 
gust, 1846, to Mary, daughter of the Hon. 
hen Haight. He was second comptroller of 
U.S. treasury, 1851-53. He was a delegate to 
phe e state constitutional ce es in 1870; pre- 


Vermont in 1880, and the same year was made 
ident of the American Bar association. He 
us defeated as the Democratic candidate for 
governor of Vermont in 1880; was Kent professor 
of law at Yale, 1881-1900, and lectured on consti- 
tutional law at Boston university in 1882. He 
ras U.S. minister to Great Britain, 1885-89; was 
he defeated Democratic candidate for U.S. sen- 
‘in 1890; was a member of the council of the 
. government before the court of arbitration 
the Bering Sea controversy in 1893, and 


a 


PHELPS 


in 1896 supported William McKinley for the 
presidency, although, being an anti-expansionist, 
he strongly disapproved of his policy in regard to 
Cuba and the Philippines. He received the de- 
gree of LL.D. from Middlebury in 1870. He 
published an address on Chief Justice Marshall 
and the Constitutional Law of his Time (1879). 
and articles on The Constitution of the United 
States in the Nineteenth Century in 1888. He 
died at New Haven, Conn., March 9, 1900. 
PHELPS, Elisha, representative, was born in 
Simsbury, Conn., Nov. 7, 1779; son of Noah and 
Lydia (Griswold) Phelps: grandson of David and 
Abigail (Petibone) Phelps and of Edward and 
Abigail (Gaylord) Griswold, and a descendant of 
William Phelps, who settled in Windsor, Conn., 
in 1635. His father (born in Simsbury, Jan. 22, 
1740), a large landholder and captain of militia, 
planned aud took part with Gen. Samuel H. Par- 
sons in the expedition to Fort Ticonderoga in April, 
1775, entering the fort the day before as a spy and 
reporting its condition to Ethan Allen, which 
enabled them to capture it ; served as captain in 
Wards’ Connecticut regiment, 1776-77, and sub- 
sequently as lieutenant-colonel and colonel, and 
in 1780 transferred cannon from Salisbury, 
Conn., to Boston, for the ship Defense ; was judge 
of probate twenty-two years, a representative in 
the state legislature twenty seasons, and a major- 
general of state militia, and died in Simsbury, 
Conn., March 4, 1809. Elisha was graduated at 
Yale in 1800; practised law at Simsbury, 1803-05, 
and at Hartford, Conn., 1805-47, and was a mem- 
ber of each house of the state legislature for 
several years, serving as speaker in 1821 and 1829. 
He was a Democratic representative from Con- 
necticut in the 16th, 19th and 20th congresses, 
1819-21 and 1825-29; state comptroller, 1830-34 ; 
a commissioner to revise and codify the state 
laws in 1835, and judge of the county court for 
years. He died in Simsbury, Conn., April 18, 1847. 
PHELPS, Elizabeth (Stuart), author, was 
born at Andover, Mass., Aug. 13, 1815; daughter 
of the Rev. Moses and Abigail (Clark) Stuart and 
a descendant of Robert and Bertha (Rumball) 
Stuart. Robert Stuart came to Massachusetts in 
1650, resided in Boston and at Milford, Conn., 
and settled in Norwalk, Conn., in 1660. Elizabeth 
Stuart Phelps was educated at Andover, Mass., 
and in September, 1842, married the Rev. Austin 
Phelps. They resided in Boston, Mass., 1842-48, 
and then removed to her native place, where she 
spent the remainder of her life. She began to 
write short stories of New England life at an early 
age, many being published under the pen name 
‘* H.Trusta.” Her works include: the Kitty Brown 
series(1850):; Sunnyside (1851); A Peep at Number 
Five (1851); The Angel over the Right Shoulder 
(1851); The Tell-Tale (1852), and The Last Leaf 


[237] 


PHELPS 


from Sunnyside, with a memoir by her husband 
(1853). The last book was published posthu- 
mously, and Sunnyside, a story of life ina country 
parsonage, reached a sale of 100,000 copies in a 
vear. She died in Boston, Mass., Nov. 30, 1852. 

” PHELPS, Elizabeth Stuart. See Ward, Eliza- 
beth Stuart Phelps. 

PHELPS, James, representative, was born in 
Colebrook, Conn., Jan. 12, 1822; son of Dr. Lan- 
celot and Elizabeth (Sage) Phelps; grandson of 
Lancelot Phelps, a volunteer in the Revolutionary 
war, and a descendant of William Phelps, Wind- 
sor, Conn., 1635. His father was a representative 
from Connecticut in the 24th and 25th congresses, 
1835-39. He was educated in the Episcopal aca- 
demy at Cheshire, Conn., and in Washington 
college, and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He 
settled in practice in Essex, Conn.; was married, 
Sept. 30, 1845, to Lydia A., daughter of Samuel 
and Lydia (Wilson) Ingham, and served as judge 
of probate. He was a representative in the Con- 
necticut legislature, 1853-54, and in 1856; a state 
senator, 1858-59 ; judge of the state superior court 
1863-73 ; judge of the supreme court of errors, 
1873-75; a Democratic representative from the 
second district in the 44th-47th congresses, 1875- 
83, and judge of the state superior court, 1885-92. 
He died in Essex, Conn., Jan. 16, 1900. 

PHELPS, John Smith, governor of Missouri, 
was born in Simsbury, Conn., Dec. 22, 1814; son 
of Elisha Phelps (q.v.). He was graduated from 
Trinity college in 1832; studied law with his 
father, and practised in Connecticut until 1837, 

— when he moved to Spring- 
field, Mo. He was a member 
of the Missouri legislature 
in 1840 ; brigade-inspector of 
militia in 1841, and Demo- 
cratic representative to the 
29th-386th congresses, 1845- 
: 1861. During the 35th and 
36th congresses respectively, he was chairman of 
the committee on ways and means and one of the 
select committee of thirty-three on the rebellious 
states. He declined election to the 37th congress ; 
joined the Federal forces as colonel of U.S. volun- 
teers in 1861 ; was made brigadier-general in July, 
1862; was military governor of Arkansas, 1862- 
63; delegate to the National Union convention at 
Philadelphia, 1866; commissioner to settle war 
claims in Indiana, 1867 ; unsuccessful Democratic 
candidate for governor of Missouri. 1868. and 
governor, 1876-82. He died in St. Louis, Mo., 
Nov. 20, 1886. 

PHELPS, John Wolcott, soldier, was born in 
Guilford, Vt., Nov. 13,1813; son of Judge John 
and Lucy (Lovell) Phelps; grandson of Timothy 
Phelps, sheriff of Cumberland county under the 
jurisdiction of New York, and a descendant of 





[238] 


PHELPS 


William Phelps, Windsor, Conn., 1635. He was 
graduated at the U.S. Military academy and 
brevetted 2d lieutenant in the 4th artillery, July 
1, 1836; was promoted 2d lieutenant, July 28, 
1836, and served in the Florida war, 1836-89, and 
in the Cherokee nation while removing the In- 
dians to the West. He was promoted 1st lieu- 
tenant, July 7, 1838; served on the northern 
frontier during the Canada border disturbances, 
1839-40, and at various forts in Michigan, 1840- 
41; at Fort Monroe, Va., and Carlisle barracks, 
Pa., 1841-45. In the war with Mexico, 1846-48, 
he served in the engagements leading up to the 
capture of the city of Mexico, and declined the 
brevet rank of captain, Aug. 20, 1847, for gal- 
lantry at Contreras and Churubusco. He was a 
member of the board that devised a complete 
system of instruction for siege, garrison, seacoast 
and mountain artillery, 1849-50 ; was promoted 
captain, March 31, 1850, and served in Texas, 
1851-56, where he broke up a filibustering expe- 
dition. He was a member of the artillery board 
at Fort Monroe, Va., 1856-57 ; served on frontier 
duty in Kansas and on the Utah expedition, 
1857-59, and resigned from the service, Nov. 2, 
1859. Until the beginning of the civil war he 
resided in Brattleboro, Vt.. where he wrote force- 
ful articles pointing out the danger of the con- 
stantly increasing political influence of the slave 
states. He enlisted for the volunteer service and 
was appointed colonel of the 1st Vermont volun- 
teers, May 2, 1861; took possession of and held 
Newport,News for the defense of Hampton Roads, 
Va., May to November, 1861, and was engaged in 
several skirmishes. He was promoted brigadier- 
general of volunteers, May 17, 1861; served on the © 
expedition to the Gulf of Mexico, late in 1861, — 
when he took military possession of Ship Island, — 
Miss., and with Commodore Farragut’s fleet forced 
the opening of the lower Mississippi in April and_ 
May, 1862. While in garrison at Camp Parapet, 
La., in 1862, he organized the first Negro troops. — 
He was, however, ordered by the government — 
commander to cease such organization, and for 
that reason resigned, Aug. 21, 1862, but not before 
being declared an outlaw by the Confederate — 
government. He declined the commission of 
major-general when the negroes were armed, 
and retired to Brattleboro, Vt., where he resided — 
until 1883, when he was married to Mrs. Anna_ 
B. Davis, and removed to Guilford. He devoted 
himself to literary work ; was the candidate for 
the American party for president of the United — 
States in 1880; was vice-president of the Vermont 
Historical society, 1863-85, and of the Vermont 
Teacher’s association, 1865-85. He contributed 
to current literature ; translated Lucien de la 
Hodde’s ‘* Cradle of Rebellions ” (1864) from the 
French, and is the author of: Good Behavior, 









PHELPS 















































text books for schools, adopted in the west (1880); 
History of Madagascar 1884), and The Fables of 
Florian (1888). See ‘* Memoir” by C.H. C. Howard 
(1887). He died in Guilford, Vt., Feb. 2, 1885. 
PHELPS, Philip, clergyman and educator, 
was born in Albany, N.Y., July 12, 1826 ; son of 
Philip and Hannah (Mascraft) Phel int anieon 
0 John and Catherine (Conine) Phelps and of 
John and Jane (Wilson) Mascraft, and a descend- 
nt of William Phelps, who emigrated from 
: Pewkesbur y, England, and settled in Dorchester, 
Mass. His father was for fifty years deputy comp- 
troller of the state of New York. Philip Phelps, 
Jr., attended the Boys’ Academy of Albany, 
N.Y., and was graduated with honor from Union 
c ollege, Schenectady, N.Y., A.B., 1844, and from 
t! the New Brunswick, N.J., ‘PReclovical seminary 
n n 1849. He was the organizer of the Reformed 
0 shurch of Hastings-on-the-Hudson, and _ its 
pastor, 1850-59; principal of Holland academy, 
Mich., 1859-66 ; organizer and first president of 
Hope college, Holland, Mich., 1866-78 ; founder of 
Hope church, and lector in the Theological sem- 
inary at Holland. He engaged in literary work, 
879-86, and was pastor of the Reformed churches 
r of North Blenheim and Breakabeen, Classis of 
Schoharie, N.Y., 1886-96. He was married in 
1853 to Margaret Anna Jordan, and of his four 
children, Frances Few Chrystie married Dr, J. A. 
_ Otte, missionary to Amoy, China, and the Rev. 
Philip T. Phelps became pastor of the first Re- 
formed Church of Ghent, N.Y. Philip Phelps, 
Sr., received the honorary degree of D.D. from 
N ew York university in 1864, and that of LL.D. 
from Hope college, Mich., in 1894. He was 
elected to the presidency of the general synod of 
Reformed Church of America in 1864, and to 
of the particular synod of 1893. He died in 
Albany, N.Y., Sept. 4, 1896. 

PHELPS, Samuel Shethar, jurist, was born 
n Litchfield, Conn., May 13, 1793; son of Capt. 
and Sally (Shethar) Phelps; grandson of 
ward and Hannah (Marsh) Phelps, and a 
scendant of William Phelps, the immigrant, 
indsor, Conn., 1635. He was graduated at 
, A.B., 1811, A.M., 1814, and served in the 
of 1812, in the ranks at Burlington and 
sburg, and afterward as a paymaster; was 
itted to the bar in 1815, and settled in prac- 
in Middlebury, Vt. He was a member of 
Vermont legislature, 1821-32; of the council 
of censors in 1827, and of the governors’ council 
be 31. He was judge of the supreme court of 
nont, 1832-38, a member of the state senate, 
-51, and was appointed to the U.S. senate in 
to fill the vacancy caused by the death of 
illiam Upham. He served until March 4, 1854, 
it it was refused admission at the next session on 
count of his intemperate habits. He was a 


PHELPS 


member of the committees on claims and Indian 
affairs, made several notable speeches in condem- 
nation of slavery and was a member of the select: 
committee of.thirteen. When the gun exploded 
on the frigate Princeton in 1844, Mr. Phelps was: 
a visitor on board, and narrowly escaped death. 
In 1854 he retired to private life, although he 
still continued to practise law. He published an 
Address on the Council of Censors (1827) ; Speech 
on the Tariff Bill (1844) ; Speech on the Oregon 
Question (1848). He died in Middlebury, Vt., 
March 25, 1855. 

PHELPS, Stephen, pastor and educator, was 
born in Lewistown, Ill., Feb. 6, 1839; son of 
Myron and Adaline (Rice) Phelps, and grandson 
of Stephen and Lois Phelps and of Asaph and 
Abigail Rice. He was graduated from Jefferson 
college, Pa., in 1859 and from the Western Theo- 
logical seminary, Allegheny, Pa., in 1862. He 
was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Ohio 
in 1861; ordained by the Presbytery of Missouri 
River in 1863; was in Iowa as pastor at Sioux 
City, 1862-64 ; Waterloo, 1864-69; Janesville, 
1869-70 ; Cedar Valley, 1870-71 ; Vinton, 1871-81 ; 
president of Coe college, Cedar Rapids, 1881-87, 
and pastor at Council Bluffs, 1887-96. He was 
also professor of homiletics, pastoral theology 
and church government at the Presbyterian 
Theological seminary, Omaha, Neb., 1891-1902, 
and on June 1, 1902, became pastor of the Pres- 
byterian church, Essex, Iowa. He was married 
first, June 20, 1862, to Amelia, daughter of Wil- 
liam McComb of en istown, Ill., and secondly, 
Dec. 25, 1882, to Sarah Rhee daughter of 
William Thompson Miller of Vinton, lowa. He 
received the degree D.D. from Lenox college 
and from Washington and Jefferson college in 
1882. 

PHELPS, Thomas Stowell, naval officer, was 
born in Buckfield, Maine, Nov. 2, 1822; son of 
Stephen and Elizabeth Nixon (Stowell) Phelps; 
grandson of Henry and Lucy (Putnam) Phelps, 
and a descendant of George. who came _ to 
America with his brother; William Phelps, in 
1630, and settled in Windsor, Conn., in 1635. 
Thomas 8. Phelps was graduated from the U.S. 
Naval academy, passed midshipman, July 11, 
1846, and was wrecked in the sloop Boston on 
the Island of Eleuthera, West Indies, Nov. 16, 
1846. He was attached to the Folk in Mexico 
waters, February to April, 1847; was mar- 
ried, Jan. 25, 1848, to Margaret R., daughter of 
Capt. John B. Levy of Virginia ; served on the 
U.S. coast survey, and in the Mediterranean 
squadron and on the Pacific coast, 1855-56, parti- 
cipating in the battle of Seattle, Oregon, Jan. 26, 
1856. “He was promoted master, March 1, 1855; 
lieutenant, Sept. 14, 1855; served on the Brazil 
squadron and took part in the Paraguay expedi- 


“ [239] 


PHELPS 


tion, 1858-59 ; commanded the steamer Vixen on 
the coast survey, 1859-61, and was attached to the 
fleet sent for the relief of Fort Sumter in 1861. 
He made a survey and chart of the Potomac river 
in 1861 : was transferred to the Corwin for ser- 
vice in North Carolina waters in September, 1861; 
surveyed Hatteras Inlet, and had several skir- 
mishes with Confederate gun boats. He received 
the thanks of the secretary of the navy for his 
services ; was engaged in surveying Virginia 
waters in March, 1862; had several engagements 
with the Yorktown and Gloucester Point bat- 
teries, April, 1862; captured five and destroyed 
two Confederate vessels, and prevented the de- 
struction of White House, Va., May 4, 1862. He 
ascended the Matipony river during the battle of 
West Point, Va., May 7, 1862 ; made reconnois- 
sance charts of the Matipony and Pamunky rivers, 
and was promoted lieutenant-commander, July 
16, 1862. He made a complete survey of the 
Potomac river from July, 1862 to March, 1863 ; 
commanded steamer Corwin in making surveys 
in anticipation of naval and military movements, 
March, 18638 to December, 1864 ; commanded the 
Sangus, December, 1864 to January, 1865; the 
Juniata at the capture of Fort Fisher, Jan. 15, 
1865 ; the Lenapee, on the Atlantic coast squad- 
ron, March, 1865 to April, 1867, and was promoted 
commander, Aug. 5, 1865. He was stationed at 
the Mare Island navy yard, Cal., 1867-70; com- 
manded the receiving ship Independence, 1870-71 ; 
the Saranae of the Northern Pacific station, 
1871-73 ; was promoted captain, June 19, 1871, 
and commanded the Mare Island navy yard, 1873- 
77. He commanded the receiving ship Independ- 
ence, 1877-79 ; was promoted commodore, Jan. 18, 
1879; commanded Mare Island navy yard, 1881- 
83 ; South Atlantic station, 1883-84; was promoted 
rear-admiral, March 1,1884, and was placed on the 
retired list, Nov. 2, 1884. He is the author of 
Reminiscences of Washington Territory (1882). 
He died in New York city, Jan. 10, 1901. 
PHELPS, William Walter, diplomatist, was 
born in New York city, Aug. 24, 1889; son of 
John Jay and Rachel B. (Phinney) Phelps, anda 
descendant of William Phelps, Windsor. Conn., 
1635. His father removed from Simsbury, Conn., 
to New York city and became prominent as an 
importing merchant and as the organizer and 
first president of the Delaware, Lackawanna and 
Western railroad company. William was grad- 
uated at Yale, A. B., 1860, A. M., 1863, and was 
married, July 26, 1860, to Ellen, daughter of Joseph 
E, Sheffield of New Haven, Conn. He was grad- 
uated at Columbia, LL.B., 1863; settled in prac- 
tice in New York city, and became counsel for 
various banks, trust companies and railroad cor- 
porations. Upon the death of his father in 1869, 
he devoted himself entirely to the management 


PHILIP 


of the family estates and other private trusts. 
He declined the judgeship of the 6th judicial 
district of New York in 1869, removed to Engle- 
wood, N.J., and was a Republican representative 
from the fifth district in the 48d, 48th, 49th, and 
50th congresses, 1873- 
75 and 1883-89. He 
was a delegate to the 
Republican national 
conventions of 1880 
and 1884; U.S. minis- 
ter to Austria, 1881- 
82; U.S. minister to 
Germany, 1889-93, 

and lay judge of the «(iM WN 
court of errors and ‘4/4 i 
appeals of New Jer- — |” '\\\\\WW4 
sey. He served on HW 
the committee on 
foreign affairs for 
three successive con- 
gresses, and repre- 


HY 
UN vise 





(ee Malpas 


sented American interests at the International 
conference on the Samoan question in Berlin 


in 1889. He was a regent of the Smithsonian 
Institution ; was influential in securing for the 
graduates of Yale a share in the government 
of the university ; was a fellow of Yale, 1872-92, 
and received the honorary degree of LL.D. from 
Rutgers in 1889, and from Yale in 1890. He made 
gifts to Yale university aggregating $150,000. 
He was a prominent member of the leading 
clubs in New York city. His published speeches 
include: Franking Privileges (1874); Sound 


Currency (1874) ; Civil Rights Bill (1875) ; Fitz-_ 


John Porter's Case (1884) ; Laskar Resolutions 
(1884) ; oration before General Grant and his 
cabinet at a Grand Army reunion on The Dangers 
of War at Paterson, N.J.; The Dangers of Peace, 
Decoration Day, Mount Holly, N. J. (1886) ; Tariff, 
address before the Agricultural Society of New 
Jersey (1884), and one on Congress before the 
New England society (1886). He died at Teaneck, 
near Englewood, N.J., June17, 1894. 


PHILIP or POMETACOM, Indian chief, was | 


born in New England ; son of Massasoit, chief of 
the Wampanoags, whose treaty with the colonists 
in 1621 was maintained for fifty years. Philip 
became chief sachem in 1662, two years after his 
father’s death, and was apparently friendly with 
the English for many years, although he always 
opposed Christianity, especially the work of John 
Eliot, and his example largely influenced his 
warriors. Many of his tribe became impatient 
at the frequent demands of the colonists for the 
purchase of lands, and the consequnt frequent 
quarrels made King Philip apprehensive for his 
own safety. In 1671 he was summoned with his 
warriors to answer to the charge of secret plot- 


[240] 


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PHILIP 



















































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ting against the colonists, and in the interview 
he alleged that his preparations were designed as 
a defense against the Narragansetts and not 
against the white settlers. He then signed an 
agreement to keep peace, but refused to surren- 
der his arms, whereupon he was summoned to 
- Boston, and signed articles of submission and 
deposited £100 asa bond of indemnity. After 
three years of peace the discovery of the murder 
of Sassamon, an Indian spy and convert, was the 
signal for war. In the meantime a defensive al- 
liance of all the New England tribes against the 
English had been planned, and the result was the 
banding of a force of nearly 10,000 warriors. 
King Philip’s principal village was at Mt. Hope, 
R.L., and there in 1675 he began his preparations 
for war, first sending the women and children of 
his people to the Narragansetts for protection. 
The first attack by the Indians was made at Swan- 
sea, June 24, 1675, while the colonists were keep- 
ing a day of fasting. Volunteers hurried to the 
town from all parts of Massachusetts and on 
June 29, Philip and his men took refuge with the 
Nipmucks. In July the whites secured a treaty 
of peace with Canochet, chief of the Narragan- 
setts, but in the meantime, King Philip with 
about 1500 braves visited the various tribes and 
incited them to a general war. He then marched 
against the settlers in the valley of the Connecti- 
cut, spreading destruction from Springfield, 
Mass., north tothe Vermont line. Brookfield and 
Deerfield were burned and Hadley surprised, but 
there the Indians were checked and repelled by 
the villagers. It was soon learned by the colon- 
ists that the Narragansetts sheltered the 
Wampanoags, and in December, 1675, an attack 
was made on their stronghold, the site of the 
future city of Kingston. Canochet, who escaped, 
_ was recaptured and killed ; 600 warriors and 1000 
~ women and children were put to death, and their 
_ wigwams and provisions burned. The Indians 
retaliated in the spring of 1676 by laying waste 
Weymouth, Groton, Medfield, Lancaster and 
‘Marlborough, Mass., and Warwick and Pro- 
-vidence, R.I. Philip’s cause, however, soon 
_ waned, and several tribes stopped fighting, while 
_ those who were neutral joined the side of the 
colonists. The government set a price of thirty 
shillings per head on every Indian killed in battle, 
and many captured Indian women and children, 
including Philip’s wife and son, were sold as 
‘slaves. In 1676 Capt. Benjamin Church organ- 
ized an expedition to destroy Philip and his 
warriors. After being pursued from one place 
to another, overtures of peace were made which 
King Philip declined, and soon after Alderman, 
a former member of his band, led a large 
company of whites into his camp near Mount 
‘Hope at midnight on Aug. 12, 1676, and Philip 


[241] 


PHILIP 


was shot dead while trying to escape. His head 
was cut off by Church and was exposed in Ply- 
mouth on a gibbet for twenty years. In con- 
formity with the law of the colonies in dealing 
with traitors his body was drawn and quartered on 
a day set aside for public thanksgiving. See Ben- 
jamin Church’s ‘‘ Entertaining History of King 
Philip’s War ” (1716), with additions by Samuel 
Drake (1858); ‘‘ Philip of Pokanoket” in Irv- 
ing’s ‘Sketch Book,” and ‘*‘ Mount Hope” by 
Gideon H. Hollister (1851). He died near Mount 
Hope, R.I., Aug. 13, 1676. 

PHILIP, John Woodward, naval officer, was 
born in New York city, Aug. 26, 1840. He was 
graduated at the U.S. Naval academy, Jan. 1, 
1861, served in the Constitution and the Santee, 
and was promoted acting master, June 1, 1861, 
and ordered to the 
Marion of the Gulf 
blockading squadron. 
He served on the 
Sonoma of the James 
river fleet in 1862; 
was promoted lieu- 
tenant, July 16, 1862, 
and was executive 
officer of the Chip- 
pewa, the Pawnee, 
and monitor Mon- jf 
tauk of the South ‘Wi 
Atlantic blockading 
squadron during the 
siege of Charles- 
ton, S.C., and was 
wounded in the leg at Stone’s River. He served 
as executive officer of the Wachusett of the 
Asiatic squadron, 1865-67; was promoted lieuten- 
ant-commander, July 25, 1866; was executive of 
the flagship Hartford of the Asiatic. squadron, 
1867-68 and 1872-73 ; of the Richmond, European 
squadron, 1868-71, and commanded the Monocacy, 
1873-74. He was promoted commander, Dec. 18, 
1874; commanded one of the Pacific mail steam- 
ships, on leave of absence, 1874-76; the Adams, 
1876-77 ; commanded Woodruff’s scientific expe- 
dition around the world, April to December, 
1877; commanded the Tuscarora, 1877-80, and 
the Ranger, 1880-83. He engaged in the survey 
of the west coast of Mexico and Central America, 
and as lighthouse inspector of the twelfth dis- 
trict, 1884-87; commanded the U.S. receiving 
ship Independence at Mare Island Navy yard, Cal., 
1887-90,and was promoted captain, March 31, 1889. 
He commanded the Atlanta, 1890-91, served as 
general inspector of the construction of the New 
York in 1892, and commanded her when ready 
for’service until 1894. He commanded the U.S. 
Navy yard at Boston, Mass., 1894-97, the Texas 
of the North Atlantic squadron, 1897-98, and 












TELE 
USL ITFA 
ATF: 


PHILIPS 


under Commodore Schley in Cuban waters during 
the Spanish American war, being conspicuous in 
the naval battle of Santiago, July 3, 1898. He 
was promoted commodore, Aug. 10, 1898 ; com- 
manded the North Atlantic squadron on the flag- 
ship New York, September, 1898, to January, 1899, 
and the Brooklyn navy yard from 1899 until his 
death. He was promoted rear admiral, March 3, 
1899. On Feb. 4, 1899, he was presented by 
Governor Roosevelt, in behalf of several New 
York friends, with a handsome sword in com- 
memoration of his services in the destruction of 
Cervera’s fleet off Santiago. He was conspicuous 
for his interest in religious matters and in the 
work of the Y.M.C.A., and his request to his 
crew not to cheer, when the Spanish sailors were 
dying all around them, indicates his character. He 
died in Brooklyn, N. Y., June 30, 1900. 

PHILIPS, George Morris, educator, was born 
in Atglen, Pa., Oct, 28, 1851; son of John Morris 
and Saiah (Jones) Philips; grandson of George 
and Elizabeth (Morris) Philips and of Thomas and 
Eliza (Todd) Jones,and a descendant of Joseph 
Philips and of Griffith John Jones of Pembroke- 
shire, Wales, who emigrated to Chester Co., Pa., 
in 1755 and 1712 respectively. He was graduated 
from Bucknell university, A.B., 1871, A.M., 1874; 
was professor of mathematics at Monongahela 
college, 1871-73; professor of higher mathematics 
at the Pennsylvania State Normal school, West 
Chester, 1873-78; professor of mathematics and 
astronomy at Bucknell university, 1878-81, and 
principal of the Pennsylvania State Normal 
school from 1881. He was elected president of 
the Chester County Historical society ; member 
of the Sons of the Revolution ; president of the 
Pennsylvania State Teachers’ association, 1891 ; 
vice-president of the National Educational asso- 
ciation, 1894, and trustee of Bucknell university, 
of which he was elected president in 1888, and 
was also appointed state superintendent of public 
instruction of Pennsylvania, but declined both 
offices. He was made a member of the college 
and university council of Pennsylvania and 
director and vice-president of the local banks. 
He received the degree of Ph. D. from Bucknell 
in 1884, His published works include: Astronomy 
(with Isaac Sharpless, 1882); Natural Philosophy 
(1883); Key to Philosophy (with C. C. Balderson, 
1884); Civil Government of Pennsylvania (1893) ; 
Geography of Pennsylvania (1895). 

PHILIPS, John Fines, jurist, was born in 
Thrall’s Prairie, Boone county, Mo., Dec. 31, 1834 ; 
son of John G. and Mary (Copeland) Philips; 
grandson of John and Mary Philips and of John 
and Sarah Copeland, and of Scotch-Irish descent. 
He attended the University of Missouri, 1851-53 ; 
was graduated at Centre college, IRs usienay < 
studied law at Fayette, Mo.; was married, May 14, 


PHILIPSE 


1857, to Fleecie Batterton of Danville, and prac- 
tised law in Georgetown, 1857-61; Sedalia, 1865-82, 
and Kansas City, Mo., 1882-83. He was a member 
of the state constitutional convention of 1861; 
served as colonel of the 7th Missouri cavalry in 
the U.S. Volunteer army, 1861-65, and was. 
brevetted brigadier-general in the state militia. 
He was a delegate to the Democratic national 
convention of 1868, a representative from the 
seventh Missouri district in the 44th and 46th 


congresses, 1875-77 and 1880-81 ; commissioner 


to the Pan Presbyterian convention, Edinburgh, 
Scotland, 1877; commissioner of the supreme 
court of Missouri, 1883-85 ; 
the Kansas City court of appeals, 1885-88, and 


U.S district judge for the western district of 
Missouri from June 25, 1888. He received the- 


honorary degree of LL.D. from Centre college, 
Kentucky, in 1888, and from Central college, 
Fayette, Mo., and the University of Missouri, 
Columbia, Mo., in 1890. 

PHILIPSE, Frederick, last lord of Philipse- 
Manor, was born in New York city in 1746; son 
of Frederick Philipse (1690-1751), and great- 
grandson of Frederick Philipse (1626-1702), first 
lord of the manor of Philipsborough, West- 


chester county, N.Y., who built the first manor 


house, Castle Philipse and Philipse church, Sleepy 
Hollow, N.Y., and married, first, the widow 


of Peter Rudolphus De Vries, and the owner of 


considerable property, and secondly in 1690, Cath- 
erine, daughter of Oloff I. Van Cortland. Fred- 
erick, the last lord of the manor, was graduated 
at King’s (afterward Columbia) college in 1773, 


in the class with Beverley Robinson (q.v.), who. 


married his sister Susanna. He was captain of 
dragoons in the British army ; a member of the 
assembly of the colony of New York, and the last 
lord of the manor of Philipseborough. 
anxious to maintain his friendship for the mother 
country without offending the patriots, among 
whom he had many friends, but early in the Revo- 


lution his sympathies for the crown became more. 


marked and his property was confiscated, and 
he was proscribed and banished by the Conti- 
nental congress. His sister Mary married Col. 
Roger Morris of the British army, in 1758, and 
before this marriage, while a guest at the home. 
of her brother-in-law, Beverly Robinson, in New 
York city, met Col. George Washington, whose 
suit she was said to have declined, although 
Washington’s private papers disprove the claim, 
Colonel Morris built for his bride the mansion on 
the heights north of New York city, which became 
Washington’s headquarters, and subsequently the 
home of Madam Jumel, the second wife of Aaron 
Burr. Colonel Philipse was a governor of King’s 
college subsequently to 1780. He died in Eng- 
land in 1785. 


(242] 


presiding judge of 


He was. 











PHILLEO 


















































-PHILLEO, Prudence Crandall, educator, was 
born in Hopkinton, R.I., Sept. 3, 1808. She was 
educated in the Friends school, Providence, R.I., 
engaged in teaching and in 1832 opened a select 
-bvarding school for girls in Canterbury, Conn., 
which was patronized by the leading families of 
thetown. Through the admission of a colored 

student, Sarah Harris, in 1833, her former patrons 
withdrew their children. After consulting with 
William Lloyd Garrison, she decided to conduct 
her school entirely for the education of the 
Negro, and it was so advertised in the Liberator 
of March 2, 1833. Town meetings were held 
denouncing Miss Crandall; the grocer and the 
provision dealer refused to sell food to the school, 
and the pupils were assailed and insulted in the 
streets. On May 24, 1833, a state law was passed 
forbidding any person establishing a school for 


written permit of the selectmen. She was arrest- 
_edand imprisoned in June, and in August and 
October was tried and convicted at the Windham 
county court. The supreme court of errors 
reversed the judgment on a technicality in July, 
1834. The townspeople then sacked and burned 
her house, and she reluctantly abandoned the 
beginning of higher education for colored people 
in New England, and shortly afterward married 
the Rev. Calvin Philleo,a Baptist clergyman, 
. aa died in 1876. She spent the remainder of 
her life in New York, Illinois and Kansas. Her 
portrait, painted by Francis Alexander for the 
American Anti-Slavery society in 1838, was 
_ presented to Cornell university by S. J.May. See 
** Prudence Crandall” by John C. Kimball (1886). 
‘She died in Elks Falls, Kan., Jan. 28, 1890. 
_ PHILLIPPS, Adelaide, singer, was born in 
Stratford-on-Avon, England, Oct. 26, 1833. She 
1 emovel to Canada with her parents in 1840, and 
they subsequently settled in Boston, Mass. She 
made her first public appearance in ‘“ Old and 
‘ oung “atthe Tremont theatre in January, 1842, 
where she sang, danced, and represented five 
characters. She was connected with the stock 
company of the Boston Museum, 1843-51, mean- 
time cultivating her voice under Madame 
noult, who advised her to study for the Italian 
era. She sang before Jenny Lind in 1850, who 
also advised her to go to Europe, recommended 
h rer to the care of Emanuel Garcia, her own 
acher, and gave her $1000 towards her tuition, 
Chickering of Boston came to her finan- 
ial aid, and in March, 1852, she became the pupil 
' Garcia. She continued her studies in Italy 
under Signor Profondo, and made her début at 
Brescia, in Lombardy, as Arsace in ‘‘Semiramide ” 
esame year. Shesangin Milan and Rovereto 
get success, became a favorite with the 
s, but she was underpaid by the Italian 


the education of colored people without the . 


PHILLIPS 


managers, and returned to the United States in 
1855. She made her first American appearance 
in Italian opera at Philadelphia, as Arsace, in 
1855, and from there went to New York where 
sickness compelled her to close her engagement. 
She reappeared in 1856, singing Azucena in 
‘Il Trovatore” and Leonoro in “La Favorita,” 
and went to Havana, Cuba, wltere she sang for 
three or four seasons. She made her first ap- 
pearance before the Boston Handel and Haydn 
society, Dec. 30, "1860, in the ‘* Messiah,” and a 
second time in the ‘‘Stabat Mater” in March, 
1861. Later in 1861 she made a_ professional 
tour of Europe, winning immediate success. 
Returning to the United States she appeared in 
the principal cities in opera, oratorio and con- 
cert, 1863-81. She was the contralto in the 
great Peace Jubilee in Boston in 1869 ; organized 
a quartet in 1874; the Adelaide Phillipps Opera 
company in 1876, and joined the Ideal Opera 
company in 1879, to which she was attached 
until December, 1881, when she made her last 
appearance at Cincinnati. Her health failed 
there and in August, 1882, she sailed for Europe, 
hoping to restore her health. Her stage name in 
Europe was Signorina Fillippi. Her voice was a 
contralto with a compass of two and one half 
octaves. She died in Carlsbad, Germany, Oct. 3, 
1882, and her body is buried at Marshfield, Mass. 

PHILLIPS, Charles, educator, was born in 
Harlem, N.Y., July 30, 1822; son of James (who 
came from England in 1818) and Judith (Ver- 
meule) Phillips; grandson of the Rev. Richard 
(of Essex county, England) and Susan (Meade) 
Phillips, and of Cornelius (of New Jersey) and 
Elizabeth (Middagh) Vermeule. He was gradu- 
ated from the University of North Carolina, A.B., 
1841; A.M., 1844; was tutor there, 1844-54 ; pro- 
fessor of engineering, 1854-60; of mathematics, 
1861-68 and 1875-79, and professor emeritus, 1879- 
89. He was married, Dec. 8, 1847, to Laura, 
daughter of Joel and Mary Battle, of Edgecombe, 
N.C. He supplied the Chapel Hill Presbyterian 
church, 1857-68; was professor of mathematics 
and astronomy in Davidson college, 1868-69, and 
of mathematics and engineering, 1869-75. He 
received the degree of D.D. from the University 
of North Carolina in 1868 and that of LL.D. from 
Davidson college in 1876. He died at Columbia, 
S.C., May 10, 1889. 

PHILLIPS, Henry, author, was born in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., Sept. 6, 1838 ; son of Jonas Altamont 
and Frances (Cohen) Phillips: grandson of 
Zeligman and Arabella (Solomons) Phillips and of 
Moses and Rachel (Moses) Cohen. He prepared 
for college at a Quaker school and at the academy 
of Henry D. Gregory (q.v.); was graduated at 
the University of Pennsylvania, A.B., 1856, A.M., 
1859, and after studying at universities in Europe 


[243] 


PHILLIPS 


was admitted to the bar in 1859, but devoted 
himself to the study of numismatics, archeology 
and philology, becoming recognized as an au- 
thority in these branches, winning two gold 
medals in Europe. In 1868 he was appointed 
U.S. commissioner. He became treasurer of the 
Numismatic and Antiquarian society of Philadel- 
phia in 1862, and its secretary in 1868 ; a curator 
of the American Philosophical society in 1880, a 
secretary in 1884, and its librarian from 1885; 
treasurer of the American Folk-Lore society, and 
a member of many societies at home and abroad. 
His writings on the paper currency of the 
American colonies, and on American Continen- 
tal money have been quoted in legal tender 
cases by the U.S. supreme court. He was vice- 
consul for Belgium at Philadelphia, 1892-95. He 
translated : ‘‘ Poems from the Spanish and Ger- 
man” (1878); ‘*‘Faust” from the .German of 
Chamisso (1881), and four volumes from the 
Spanish, Hungarian and German (1884--87 ). He 
is the author of: History of American Colonial 
Paper Currency (1865); History of American 
Continental Paper Money (1866); Pleasures of 
Numismatic Science (1867), and many valuable 
papers on philology, archeology, numismatics 
and folk-lore. See Memoir by Albert H. Smyth 
(1896). He died in Philadelphia, Pa., June 6, 1895. 

PHILLIPS, John, philanthropist, was born in 
Andover, Mass., Dec. 27, 1719; son of the Rev. 
Samuel and Hannah (White) Phillips; grandson 
of Samuel and Mary (Emerson) Phillips, and of 
Capt. Jobn White, Haverhill, Mass., and a 
descendant of the Rev. George Phillips of Norfolk 
county, England, who immigrated to Salem, 
Mass., in the ship Arbella with Winthrop and 
Saltonstall in 1630, and settled in Watertown, 
Mass. He was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1735, 
A.M., 1738 ; taught school at Andover, Mass., 
Exeter, N.H., and elsewhere, and afterward 
conducted a private Latin school in Exeter. He 
fitted for the ministry and was called to the 
church in Exeter, but decided instead to engage 
in mercantile pursuits, in which he accumulated 
a large fortune, He was a justice of the peace, 
and a member of the New Hampshire council for 
several years ; a justice of the supreme court at 
odd times; founded and endowed the Phillips 
professorship of divinity in Dartmouth college in 
1782, and was a trustee of Dartmouth, 1773--93. 
He founded Phillips academy at Andover, Mass., 
with his brother Samuel, in April, 1778, giving to 
it $31,000 besides a third interest in his estate, 
and in 1871 founded Phillips academy at Exeter, 
N.H., endowing it with $134,000. He was trustee 
of Phillips at Andover, 1778--95, and president of 
the board, 1790--95. He contributed liberally to 
the College of New Jersey, and received the 


degree LL.D. from Dartmouth in 1777. He was 


PHILLIPS 


married first to Sarah, daughter of the Rey. 
Mr. Emery, and widow of Nathaniel Gilman, and 
secondly to Elizabeth, daughter of the Hon. E. 
Dennet of Portsmouth, N.H., and widow of Dr. 
Hale. He died in Exeter, N.H., April 21, 1795. 

PHILLIPS, Morris, journalist, was born in 
London, England, May 9, 1834 ; son of Philip and 
Rosetta Phillips. He came to America, attended 
school in Cleveland, Ohio, until 1853, and finished 
his education in New York city, where he entered 
the law office of Brown, Hall and Vanderpoel. 
Returning to Cleveland he engaged in mercantile 
business, but soon after resumed the study of 
law in Buffalo. In 1854 he accepted the position 
of private secretary to George P. Morris, editor 
of the Home Journal, New York city. Upon Mr. 
Morris’s death in 1864 he became co-editor with 
N. P. Willis, and in 1866 sole proprietor of that 
periodical. He was married, July 5, 1865, to 
Elizabeth Rode of New York, who died in 1877. 
He traveled extensively in both hemispheres, and 
is the author of : Abroad and At Home (1893), 
and numerous articles in leading periodical pub- 
lications. 

PHILLIPS, Samuel, philanthropist,was born in 
North Andover, Mass., Feb. 7, 1750; son of 
Samuel and Elizabeth (Barnard) Phillips, and 
grandson of the Rev. Samuel and Hannah ( White) 
Phillips, and of Theodore Barnard. He was 
graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1771, A.M., 1774; 


was a member of the Provincial congress at 
Watertown, Mass., in 1775, and of the state 


constitutional convention of 1779; a member of 
the Massachusetts senate, 1780-1800, and _ presi- 
dent of that body, 1783-1800; judge of the court 
of common pleas, 1781-98; a commissioner of 
the state in Shays’s insurrection, and lieutenant- 
governor of Massachusetts, 1801-02. He  pre- 
vailed upon his father to divert the property 





ns eS 
PHILLIPS MANSE, ANDOVER. 
which would legally fall to him to the found- 
ing of Phillips academy at Andover, which he 
planned and organized. He also gave it lands, 
procured endowments from his relatives and left 
$4000 to the town of Andover, to be added to the 
fund for maintaining instruction in divinity. 


[244] 


oe 








PHILLIPS 



















































‘He was a founder,and fellow of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences, and received the 
honorary degree of A.M. from Dartmouth in 177 
‘and that of LL.D. from Harvard in 1793. He 
was married, July 6, 1773, to Phebe, daughter of 
the Hon. Francis Foxcroft of Cambridge, Mass., 
andafter her husband’s death she assisted in 
founding Andover Theological seminary. Mr. 
Phillips died in Andover, Mass., Feb. 10, 1802. 
PHILLIPS, Stephen Clarendon, representa- 
tive, was born in Salem, Mass., Nov. 4, 1801; 
gon of Capt. Stephen and Dorcas (Woodbridge) 
Phillips; grandson of Stephen and Elizabeth 
(Elkins) Phillips, and of Dudley Woodbridge of 
Salem, and a descendant of the Rev. George 
- Phillips, first minister of Watertown, Mass. He 
was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1819, A.M., 
1822; studied law, but soon abandoned it, and 
engaged in business in Salem. He was a repre- 
sentative in the Massachusetts legislature, 1824- 
80 and 1882-33, a state senator in 1831, and a 
Whig representative from the fifth district in 
the 23d, 24th and 25th congresses, being elected 
to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
Rufus Choate from the 23d congress in 1834, 
and resigning from the 25th congress in 1838. 
He was the second mayor of Salem, 1838-42, a 
Harrison presidential elector in 1841 ; was defeated 
as the Free-soil candidate for governor of 
_ Massachusetts in 1848 and 1849, and engaged in 
the lumber business in Canada, 1849-57. He was 
an overseer at. Harvard, 1846-54, and a member 
of the state board of education. He was 
married to Jane Appleton, daughter of Willard 
Peele of Salem, Mass., and secondly, Sept. 3, 
1838, to Margaret Mason, sister of his deceased 
‘es wife. He perished in the burning of the steamer 
Montreal, St. Lawrence river, June 26, 1857. 
nad PHILLIPS, Wendell, abolitionist, was born in 
“Bos ston, Mass., Nov. 29, 1811; eighth child of 
John and Sally (Walley) Phillips; grandson of 
iam (1737-1772) and Margaret (Wendell) 
illips, and of Thomas Walley ; great-grandson 
ohn (1701-68) and Mary (Buttolph) Phillips, 
of Jacob Wendell ; great?-grandson of Samuel 
ips of Salem and of Nicholas Buttolph of 
on; great®-grandson of the Rey. Samuel 
-1696) and Sarah (Appleton) Phillips, and 
great*-grandson of the Rev. George Phillips 
(1598 1644), who with his wife and two children, 
Te ft Boxted, Essex county, England, embarked 
on the Arbella, April 12, 1630, and arrived in 
‘Salem, Massachusetts Bay colony, June 12, 
1630. Wendell Phillips attended the Boston 
satin school, 1822-26, and was graduated from 
_ Harvard in 1831. While in college he was pres- 
ms ent of the Hasty Pudding club and of the 
Gentlemen’s club, and had so little interest in 
eform that he defeated the first proposition to 


, 


PHILLIPS 


establish a temperance society at Harvard. He 
showed no taste for oratory, but was fond of 
debate. He was graduated from the law depart- 
ment of Harvard university in 1834, and was 
admitted to practice 
at the Suffolk bar. 
He continued his law 
studies in the office of 
Thomas Hopkinson, 
Lowell, Mass., and 
established himself 
in practice in Boston. 
He took no part in 
the early antislavery 
movement, but upon 
the imprisonment and 
subsequent outrage 
upon the person of 
William Lloyd Gar- 
rison, Oct. 21, 1835, 
he cast in his lot 
with the antislavery party. He was married 
in October, 1837, to Ann Terry, daughter of 
Benjamin Green. She was deeply interested 
in the antislavery movement, and was largely 
instrumental in converting him to the cause. 
On Dec. 8, 1837, at a meeting held in Faneuil 
Hall for the purpose of giving expression to 
the horror felt by a number of persons headed 
by Dr. William Ellery Channing, at the murder 
of the Rev. Elijah Lovejoy, Phillips made his 
début as an orator, in an impromptu reply to the 
scurrilous utterances of Attorney-General James 
T. Austin. He was one of the first to take part in 
the movement for a lyceum-lecture system, and 
in 1836 he delivered his first lecture. This was 
followed by several others, including one on ‘‘ The 
Lost Arts ” 1838, which was probably one of the 
most popular lectures ever delivered in America. 
He was one of the lecturers who succeeded in 
breaking down the old rule of refusing negroes 
admittance to the lyceum lectures. Hedelivered 
his first antislavery lecture at Lynn, Mass., and 
in 1888 delivered a Fourth of July oration at 
Lynn. He advocated the rights of women as 
co-equal with men, and was a delegate to the 
world’s antislavery convention held at London, 
England, June 12, 1840, where he earnestly spoke 
on the eligibility of women as delegates. His 
advice was out-voted, however, and the women 
were excluded. He traveled in Europe, visiting 
France, Italy and Great Britain, and returned 
to Boston, July 12, 1841. He was foremost in 
opposing the slave measures of 1841-50. The fugi- 
tive-slave act was passed in October, 1850, and a 
meeting was held in Faneuil Hall, Boston, for the 
denunciation of the law, at which Phillips was 
one of the speakers. Instant repeal of the act 

was demanded and a vigilance committee of 





[245] 


PHILLIPS 


fifty was appointed to protect the colored people 
from the new danger. In 1853 he addressed the 
antislavery woman’s rights and temperance 
conventions held in New York city. Upon the 
election of President Lincoln and the outbreak 
of the civil war, Phillips favored the commence- 
ment of hostilities and delivered an address to 
that end in Boston Music Hall. On Sept. 22, 
1862, the President issued his proclamation of 
freedom to the slaves, to take effect Jan. 1, 1863, 
and the Negro was allowed to enlist as a soldier. 
Phillips was one of the first to favor the enlist- 
ment of colored regiments in Massachusetts, 
and authority was obtained, Jan. 26, 1863. On 
March 11-12, 1863, Phillips delivered his panegyric 
on Toussaint L’Ouverture in New York and 
Brooklyn, and on July 4, 1868, he delivered an 
address at the mass-meeting of the Friends of 
Freedom at Framingham, Mass., which was 
perhaps the most remarkable speech delivered 
by him during the war. He also spoke on ‘* The 
Amnesty ” at the Cooper Institute, N.Y., Dec. 22, 
1863. Upon the re-nomination of President Lin- 
coln in 1864, Mr. Phillips opposed, while William 
Lloyd Garrison favored, his election. This led to 
a controversy, as Garrison held that as slavery 
had been abolished, the Antislavery society 
should be abolished. Phillips, however, contended 
that it should not be discontinued until the Negro 
had gained his ballot. He succeeded Garrison as 
president of the society in 1865, and continued in 
office until 1870. He was an advocate of tem- 
perance, an upholder of trades unions, and 
was in favor of a greenback system of finance. 
He was nominated for governor of Massachusetts 
by the Labor Reform convention held at Worces- 
ter, Sept. 8,1870. Hesupported General Butler for 
governor ona joint Republican and Labor plat- 
form, and in the presidential canvass of 1872, he 
supported General Grant and his southern policy. 
In 1877 an unsuccessful effort was made to induce 
Phillips to accept the nomination for governor on 
the Republican ticket. He delivered addresses 
on: ‘* Capital Punishment,” April 29, 1866; ‘* The 
Meaning of the War,” July 4, 1866; “‘ The Perils 
of the Hour,” 1866; ‘‘The New Constitutional 
Amendment,” Jan. 24, 1867; ‘‘ General Grant,” 
Nov. 18, 1867; ‘‘The Political Situation,” Jan. 
29, 1869; ‘‘Sir Henry Vane” in May, 1877; 
‘Trades Unions” in April, 1869; ** A Review of 
Dr. Howard Crosby’s Anti-total-abstinence dis- 
course,” Jan. 24,1881; ‘‘The Crisis in Irish Affairs,” 
in February, 1881, and ‘‘ The Scholar in a Repub- 
lic,” delivered at the centennial anniversary 
of the Phi Beta Kappa of Harvard college, June 
30, 1881. His last address was delivered on the 
unveiling exercises of the statue of Harriet 
Martineau, at the Old South Meeting House, Dec. 
26, 1883. He is the author of: The Constitution, 


PHILLIPS 


a Pro-Slavery Contract (1840); Review of Daniel 
Webster's 7th of March Speech (1850), and a col- 
lection of speeches, letters and lectures, revised 
by himself (1863). By vote of the legislature 
and city government his body was laid in state 
at Faneuil Hall, where it was viewed by a large 
number of citizens. His name in ‘‘Class A, 
Authors and Editors,” received nineteen votes 
for a place in the Hall of Fame for Great Amer- 
ican, New York university, October, 1900. He 
died in Boston, Mass., Feb. 2, 1884. 

PHILLIPS, Willard, editor and author, was 
born in Bridgewater, Mass., Dec. 19, 1784; son 
of Joseph Phillips, grandson of Thomas and 
Mary (Hatch) Phillips, and a descendant of the 
Rey. George Phillips, first minister of Water- 
town, Mass. He was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 
1810, A.M., 1813; was tutor there, 1811-15; prac- 
tised law in Boston, Mass., 1818-45 ; was a repre- 
sentative in the general court, 1825-26 ; judge of 
probate for Suffolk county, 1839-47, and president 
of the New England Mutual life insurance com- 
pany, 1843-73. He received the degree LL.D. 
from Harvard in 18538, and was a fellow of the 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He 
was connected editorially with the General Re- 
pository and Review; the North American Re- 
view ; the American Jurist ; the first and second 
American editions of Collyer’s Law of Partner- 
ship (1834-9), and the first eight volumes of 
Pickering’s Reports (1824); and is the author of : 
Treatise on the Law of Insurance (1823); Manual 
of Political Economy (1828); The Law of Patents 
for Inventions, including the Remedies and Legal 
Proceedings in Relation to Patent Rights (1837); 
The Inventor's Gwide (1887), and Protection and 
Free Trade (1850). He died in Cambridge, Mass., 
Sept. 9, 1873. 

PHILLIPS, William Addison, representative, 
was born in Paisley, Scotland, Jan, 14, 1824. He 
was educated in the schools of Paisley, and in 
1839 came to the United States with his parents 
and settled in Randolph county, Ill. He engaged 
in farming, 1839-45, edited the Herald at Chester, 
Ill., and also acted as a correspondent of the 
New York Tribune, 1845-55. He was admitted 
to the bar in 1855, and settled in practice in 
Kansas, where he continued his contributions to 
the Tribune, and became active in the history of 
the free state movement. He was first justice 
of the supreme court under the Leavenworth 
constitution, and in 1858 founded the city of 
Salina, Kan. He raised some of the first troops 
in Kansas in 1861, and entered the army as 
major of volunteers. He was afterward pro- 
moted colonel, and served as commander of the 
famous Cherokee Indian regiment ; organized 
the Indian brigade, and commanded a division 
made up of Indians from Kansas, Arkansas, Illi- 


? 


[246] 


Pf M4 cai 


‘atts Agen 








PHILLIPS 

























































nois, Wisconsin and Colorado, under General 
Schofield, and served on the frontier during the 
war. He was wounded in battle three times. 
‘He refused a nomination for governor of Kansas 
‘and an offer of $10,000 a year as a correspondent 
of the New York Tribune with the Army of the 
Potomac, and in 1865 represented Salina in the 
‘Kansas legislature. He served as attorney of 
‘the Cherokee Indians at Washington, D.C., and 
was a Republican representative from the first 
Kansas district in the 43d, 44th and 45th con- 
s, 1873-79. He was president of the Kansas 
BE Liorival society, contributed to periodicals, and 
is the author of Labor, Land and Law (1886). 
He died at Fort Gibson, I.T., Nov. 30, 1893. 
PHILLIPS, William Fowke Ravenel, clima- 
_tologist, was born in Bedford county, Va., July 
13, 1863; son of Dinwiddie Brazier and Nannie 
(Walden) Phillips; grandson of William Fowke 
Phillips, and a descendant of Colonel William 
Phillips of the Revolutionary army. He re- 
ceived his school training at Chatham. Va., and 
was graduated at Columbian university, M.D., 
1890, and was professor of hygiene there, 1891-92, 
and after 1895; also demonstrator of anatomy. 
He became medical climatologist of the U.S. 
weather bureau in 1895, and was also placed in 
charge of the library of the bureau in 1898. He 
_is the author of articles on medical climatology, 
and was elected a member of the Philosophical 
Society of Washington, the National Geographic 
society, the American Climatological association, 
and its vice-president, 1901-02, and was editor of 
Climate and Health (1896-97). 
_ PHOENIX, Jonas Phillips, representative, was 
born in Morristown, N.J., Jan. 14, 1788; son of 
Maj. Daniel and Anna Lewis (Phillips) Phoenix, 
grandson of Alexander and Cornelia Phoenix ; 
and of Jonas and Anna (Lewis) Phillips, and a 
cendant of Alexander and Abigail (Sewall) 
oenix. Alexander Phoenix emigrated from 
land to New Amsterdam in 1640, and re- 
ved to Rhode Island in 1652. Jonas Phillips 
oenix attended the public schools and early 
gaged in mercantile pursuits in New York 
where he became a prominent merchant. 
as married, April 5, 1810, to Mary, daughter 
of Stephen and Harriet (Suydam) Whitney of New 
York. He was a member of the board of alder- 
men, 1838-39 ; a presidential elector on the Harri- 
son and Tyler ticket in 1840, and a Whig repre- 
‘sentative from the third district in the 28th and 
st congresses, 1843-45 and 1849-51.. He was 
unsuccessful candidate for mayor of New 
wk in 1840, 1842 and 1847; a member of the 
te assembly in 1848; one of the commissioners 
the Croton aqueduct in 1842, and one of the 
srnors of the New York almshouse in 1849. 
ied in New York city, May 4, 1859. 


PHYSICK 


PHOENIX, Stephen Whitney, antiquarian, 
was born in New York city, May 25, 1839; son 
of the Hon. Jonas Phillips and Mary (Whitney) 
Phoenix. He was graduated at Columbia, A.B., 
1859, A.M., 1862, and LL.B., 1863. He then 
studied and traveled abroad, and on his return 
to New York city, devoted himself to antiquarian 
and genealogical research. The epitaphs on the 
tombstones in Trinity churchyard, New York 
city, and the records of births, baptisms, 
marriages and deaths of the Reformed Dutch 
and Presbyterian churches in New York, were 
copied at his expense for preservation, and 
printed in the New York Genealogical and Bio- 
graphical Record. He also collected and pre- 
served portraits of old New Yorkers, many of 
which were engraved, as well as nearly 3,000 
prints relating to New Amsterdam and old New 
York, which are owned by Columbia university. 
He left his herbarium to the American Museum 
of Natural History in New York; his genealogical 
works and $15,000 to the New York Historical 
society, the income to be invested in books on 
heraldry and genealogy ; his pictures, curiosities, 
and coins to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 
and his library of books, to be known as the 
Phoenix collection, to Columbia university, with 
$500,000 for use in the school of mines. He is 
the author of : The Descendants of John Phoenix 
(1867) ;_ The Whitney Family of Connecticut 
(8 vols., 1878); The Family of Alewander Phoenix 
(MS.). He died in New York city, Nov. 3, 1881. 

PHYSICK, Philip Syng, surgeon, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., July 7, 1769; son of Edmund 
and Abigail (Syng) Physick. His father was 
receiver-general and keeper of the great seal of 
Pennsylvania, and became agent of the Penn 
estates after the Revolutionary war. Philip Syng 
Physick was graduated from the University of 
Pennsylvania, A.B., 1785, A.M., 1788, and studied 
medicine under Dr. Adam Kuhn in Philadelphia, 
and under Dr. John Hunter in London. He was 
appointed house-surgeon of St. George’s hospital, 
Jan, 1, 1790, and received his license to practice 
from the Royal College of Surgeons, London, in 

791. He was graduated from the University of 
Edinburgh, M.D., 1792, and returning to the Uni- 
ted States, September, 1793, established himself 
in Philadelphia. He married Elizabeth Emlen. 
He was attending physician at the hospital at 
Bush hill during the yellow fever epidemic of 
1793, and was elected one of the surgeons of the 
Pennsylvania hospital in 1794, in recognition of 
his services. He continued his labors during the 
second breaking out of the yellow fever epidemic 
in 1798. He lectured on surgery in the medical 
department of the University of Pennsylvania 
in 1800; was professor of surgery in the univer- 
sity, 1805-19 ; professor of anatomy, 1819-31, and 


[247] 


BRAT 


professor emeritus, 1831-35. He was surgeon ex- 
traordinary of the almshouse infirmary, 1801-16 ; 
was elected consulting surgeon to the Institute 
for the Blind in 1822; president of the Phreno- 
logical society of Philadelphia in 1822, and presi- 
dent of the Philadelphia Medical society in 1824. 
He was a member of the American Philosophical 
society ; of the Royal Academy of Medicine of 
France, and an honorary fellow of the Royal 
Academy of Medicine and Chirurgy of London. 
He introduced numerous valuable surgical instru- 
ments and improved modifications of others, and 
by the number and success of his operations, 
became the ‘‘father of American surgery.” 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 7, 1768. 

PIATT, Abram Sanders, soldier, was born in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, May 2, 1821; son of Benjamin 
M. and Elizabeth (Barnett) Piatt ; grandson of 
Capt. Jacob and Hannah Cook (McCullough) Piatt, 
and great-grandson of John and Frances (Van 
Vleet) Wycoff Piatt of Six Mile Run, N.J. He 
was a student at the Athenzeum and at Kinmont 
academy in Cincinnati, and engaged in farming 
in the Macacheek valley. He began the study of 
law in 1846, and founded, and for several years 
edited, the Macacheek Press. He enlisted in the 
volunteer army early in 1861, was appointed 
colonel of the 18th Ohio infantry, April 30, 1861, 
and raised in July, 1861, the first Zouave regi- 
ment in Ohio, which became the 34th Ohio in- 
fantry, and of which he was made colonel. He 
continued to recruit with permission from the 
state authorities, and organized another regi- 
ment, known as the 54th, with the intention of 
forming a brigade, but was ordered to join 
General Rosecrans in West Virginia. He engaged 
in various skirmishes with the enemy on the 
march, and in March, 1862, returned home on 
sick leave. He was appointed brigadier-general 
of volunteers, Feb. 22, 1862, and on his return 
commanded a brigade under General Schenck in 
the army of the Shenandoah. He commanded 
the post at Winchester, Va., for a short time, 
and in July, 1862, was assigned to a brigade in 
the reserve corps of Gen. 8. D. Sturgis, Army of 
Virginia, and was attached to the 5th corps, Aug. 
27-31, in the second battle of Bull Run. He also 
took part in the battle of Fredericksburg, in com- 
mand of the Ist brigade, 3rd division, 8rd corps. 
He resigned from the service in April, 1863, and 
resumed farming. He became a member of the 
National (Greenback-Labor) party, and was its 
candidate for governor, Oct. 14, 1879. He wasa 
member of the Patrons of Husbandry, serving 
for two years as its state lecturer, and contributed 
poems to his own publication and to the Cincin- 
nati Commercial. In 1903 he was living at his 
home Mac-a-cheek, near West Liberty, Ohio, and 
devoting his time to agriculture. 


PIATT 


PIATT, Donn, journalist, was born in Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, June 29, 1819; son of Benjamin M, 
and Elizabeth (Barnett) Piatt. He attended the 
Atheneum school in Cincinnati for three years, 
studied law under his father, and in the office 
of his brother, Jacob 
Wycoff Piatt, and his 
brother-in-law, N. C. 
Read, aud was ad- 
mitted to the bar, 
settling in practice 
in Cincinnati. In 
1840 he became editor 
of the Democratic 
Club, published at 
West Liberty, and 
afterward at Mac-a- 
cheek, the family 
home. He was mavr- 
ried in August, 1847, 
to Louise, daughter 
of Timothy Kirby of 
Cincinnati, Ohio. While in Europe she con- 
tributed letters to the Home Journal, which 
were published in book form, as Bell Smith 
Abroad (1855). He was married, secondly, in 
July, 1866, to Ella, sister of his deceased wife. 
He was judge of the court of common pleas of 
Hamilton county, 1852-53; secretary of the U.S. 
legation at Paris, 1854-55, and chargé d’affaires 
from December, 1854, to October, 1855, when he 
resigned. He was a speaker in the Fremont 
and Dayton campaign in 1856, and in 1860, with 
Robert C. Schenck, canvassed southern Illinois 
for Lincoln and Hamlin. He volunteered as a 
private early in 1861, raised a company, and in 
June, 1861, became assistant adjutant-general 
and chief-of-staff of General Robert C. Schenck, 
serving with him in the battles of Vienna, Va., 
June 17, and at Bull Run, July 21. He also 
served under Rosecrans in western Virginia and 
in the Shenandoah valley, in opposing General 
T. J. Jackson, and in the relief of Milroy at 
McDowell. He was made assistant inspector- 
general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, 
when Schenck was given command of a divi- 
sion by Fremont, and was chief-of-staff with the 
rank of colonel, when Schenck commanded the 
8th corps and the middle department at Balti- 
more, Md., September, 1862. During the absence 
of his chief, Piatt ordered General Birney to 
recruit a negro brigade in Maryland, which order 
aroused the indignation of President Lincoln, 
who threatened to dismiss him from the army 
in disgrace. 
mission that investigated the military conduct 
of Gen. Don Carlos Buell, and favored Buell’s 
acquittal ; was sent to Winchester to observe 
the situation in June, 1868, and ordered General 





[248] 


He was judge advocate of the com- . 


¥ 
a 











PIATT 





















































= oy to evacuate the place and fall back on 
larper’ ‘s Ferry. This order was countermanded 
General Halleck, and resulted in Milroy’s 
E escape three days after, with a loss of 2,300 men. 
He was a representative in the Ohio legislature, 
1865-66 ; Washington correspondent of the Cin- 
cinnati Commercial, 1868-71; established and 
edited, with George Alfred Townsend, the 
Capital at Washington, D.C., 1871-72, and was 
‘its editor-in-chief, 1872-80. He was arrested in 
_ 1876, by order of President Grant, on the charge 
_ of inciting the people through his paper to rebel- 
lion, insurrection and riot. He retired to his 
estate Mac-a-cheek, Ohio, in 1880, and devoted 
himself to literary work. He edited Belford’s 
Magazine, New York, 1888-89. The University 
of Notre Dame, Indiana, conferred upon him the 
degree LL.D. in 1882. He is the author of 
several plays, including Lost and Won; A Hunt 
for an Heiress; Jane Shore, a King’s Love; 
Emotional Insanity, and of Keno, a comic opera ; 
Memoirs of the Men who Saved the Union 
(i887), and The Rev. Melancthon Poundex, a 
novel (1889). He was engaged with General 
Henry M. Cist (q.v.) in preparing a life of 
General George H. Thomas, at the time of his 
death. See ‘‘ Workand Ways of Donn Piatt,” by 
_ Charles Grant Miller (1893). He died at his home 
- Mac-a-cheek, in central Ohio, Nov. 12, 1891. 

PIATT, John James, poet, was born at James’s 
Milis, now Milton, Ind., March 1, 1885; son of 
John Bear and Emily (Scott) Piatt; grandson of 
James and Rachel (Bear) Piatt, and of John and 
Catharine (Gray) Scott; great-grandson of Capt. 
William Piatt, of the Revolutionary army, and 
‘great?-grandson of John and Frances (Van Vleet) 
Wycoff Piatt of Six Mile Run, N.J. He learned 
he printer’s trade in the office of the Ohio State 
Journal, published by his uncle, Charles Scott, 
and subsequently attended the high school, Capi- 
tal university at Columbus, and Kenyon college. 
_ He removed to Illinois with his parents in 1856, 
lived for some time on a farm, and wrote 
verses which were published in the Louisville 
Journal. In 1859 he became confidential secretary 
‘to George D. Prentice, editor of the Journal, 
and amember of its editorial staff. He was a 
erk in the U.S. treasury department at Wash- 
ington, D.C., 1861-67; served on the staff of 
the Cincinnati, Ohio, Chronicle, 1868-69, and 
as literary editor and correspondent of the Cin- 
einnati Commercial, 1869-78. He was assistant 
clerk of the U.S. house of representatives in 
1870, and its librarian, 1871-75; U.S. consul at 
Cork, 1882-93, and at ribbing April to September, 
$93, when he returned to the United States, 
owing to a change in the administration, and 
devoted himself to literary work. He was married, 
June 18, 1861, to Sarah Morgan Bryan of 


PICARD 


Kentucky. He contributed to the Aflantie 
Monthly and other magazines, and is the author 
of: Poems of Two-Friends (with William Dean 
Howells, 1860); The Nests at Washington and 
Other Poems (with Mrs. Piatt, 1864); Poems in 
Sunshine and Firelight (1866); Western Windows 
and Other Poems (1869); Landmarks and Other 
Poems (1871); Poems of House and Home (1878); 
Pencilled Fly Leaves: A Book of Essays in Town 
and Country (1880); The Union of American 
Poetry and Art (1880-81); Idylls and Lyrics of the 
Ohio Valley (1881); The Children of Out-of-Doors: 
A Book of Verses by Two in One House (with 
Mrs. Piatt, 1884) ; At the Holy Well : a Handful of 
New Verses (1887); A Return to Paradise (rey. ed. 
of Pencilled Fly Leaves, London, 1890); Little 
New World Idylls and Other Poems (1893) ; The 
Ghost’s Entry and Other Poems (1895): Odes in 
Ohio and Other Poems (1897). He also edited 
and published The Hesperian Tree, an Annual of 
the Ohio Valley (1900 and 1903). 

PIATT, Sarah Morgan (Bryan), poet, was 
born near Lexington, Ky., Aug. 11, 18386; 
daughter of Talbot Nelson and Mary Anne 
(Spiers) Bryan; grand-daughter of Morgan and 
Mildred (Simpson) Bryan, and of William and 
Mary (Simpson) Spiers. Morgan Bryan emigrated 
from North Carolina to Kentucky with Daniel 
Boone, whose wife was Rebecca Bryan, and set- 
tled at Bryan’s Station, near Lexington. Sarah 
was graduated at Henry Female college, New- 
castle, Ky., in 1854, and began to write verses 
during her school days. She received encourage- 
ment from George D, Prentice (q.v.), who pub- 
lished her poems in the Louisville Journal, and 
they were extensively copied. Subsequently her 
contributions appeared in the New York Ledger, 
the Atlantic, Harper’s and other periodicals in 
America and England. In addition to the works 
mentioned in connection with her husband, John 
James Piatt (q.v.), she is the author of: A 
Woman's Poems (1871); A Voyage to the Fortu- 
nate Isles and Other Poems (1874); That New 
World and Other Poems (1786); Poems in Com- 
pany with Children (1877); Dramatie Persons and 
Moods (1880) ; An Irish Garland (1884); Selected 
Poems (1885); In Primrose Time (1886); Childs’- 
World Ballads (1887; new ser., 1895); The 
Witch in the Glass (1888); An Irish Wild- 
Flower (1891) ; An Enchanted Castle (1893), and 
Complete Poems (2 vols., 1894). 

PICARD, George Henry, author, was born in 
Berea, Ohio, Aug. 3, 1850; son of Jonathan 
Newman and Mary (Fairchild) Picard ; grandson 
of Peter and Marie (Spaulsbury) Picard, and of 
Daniel and Elizabeth (Cooke) Fairchild, and a 
descendant of French Anabaptist emigrés and 
Scotch and English Puritans. He was graduated 
from Baldwin university, Berea, Ohio, in 1869, 


(249) 


PICK. 


and from the College of Medicine and Surgery, 
Cincinnati, M.D., 1877, and began practice in 
New York city in 1883. He was married, Oct. 
24,1878, to Mary S., daughter of Burr Kellogg, 
M.D., of Ashland, O. He is the author of: A 
Matter of Taste (1884); A Mission Flower (1886); 
Old Boniface (1888); Madame Noel (1900), and 
contributions to periodicals. 

PICK, Bernard, clergyman and author, was 
born in Kempen, Prussia, Dec. 19, 1842. He 
attended school in Breslau and Berlin, and was 
graduated from the Union Theological seminary, 
New York, in 1868. He was ordained to the 
Presbyterian ministry, April 8, 1868, and was 
pastor in New York city, 1868-69; in North 
Buffalo, N.Y., 1869-70; Syracuse, N.Y., 1870-74; 
Rochester, N. Y., 1874-78; Allegheny, Pa., 1881-95, 
and in 1895 was appointed pastor of the German 
Lutheran church at Albany, N.Y. Hewaselected 
a member of the German Oriental society of 
Leipzig in 1877, and of the Society of Biblical 
Literature in 1881. The honorary degree of Ph.D. 
was conferred on him by New York university in 
1876, and that of D.D. by Pennsylvania college, 
Gettysburg, Pa., in 1893. He published Luther's 
‘Kine Feste Burg” in twenty-one languages 
(1888); Luther’s ‘‘ Hymn of the Reformation ” in 
the English language (1897), and is the author 
of: Luther as a Hymnist (1875); Juedisches 
volksleben zur Zeit Jesu (1880); Index to Lange’s 
Commentary on the Old Testament (1882) ; Life of 
Jesus According to Extra Canonical Sources 
(1887); The Jews Since the Destruction of Jerusa- 
lem (1887); The Talmud: What it is and What it 
Knows about Jesus and His Followers (1890); 
General Index to the Ante-Nicene Fathers (1887); 
Historical Sketch of the Jews Since their Return 
from Babylon (1897); Vade Mecum Homileticum, 
Vol. I.; The Old Testament (1899), and many 
contributions to various religious cyclopedias. 

PICKARD, Josiah Little, educator, was born 
in Rowley, Mass., March 17, 1824; son of Samuel 
and Sarah (Coffin) Pickard ; grandson of Jeremiah 
and Hannah (Harvey) Pickard, and of Joseph 
and Judith (Tappan) Coffin, and a descendant of 
John Pickard of Rowley, England, who came to 
Rowley, Massachusetts, with the Rev. Ezekiel 
Rogers in 1638, and who married Jane Crosby, 
1644. He was graduated from Bowdoin college, 
A.B., 1844, A.M., 1847; was principal of the 
Platteville, Wis., academy, 1846-60 ; state super- 
intendent of public instruction of Wisconsin, 
1860-64; superintendent of public schools, 
Chicago, Ill., 1864-77; president of the State 
University of Iowa, and professor of political 
science, 1878-87, and lecturer on political science 
and pedagogy, 1877-79. He was president of the 
Iowa Historical society, 1880-1900. He received 
the honorary degree of LL.D. from Beloit in 


[250] 


PICKENS 


1870; from the University of Chicago in 1870, 
and from Bowdoin in 1894. His published writ- 
ings, chiefly educational, are as follows: School 
Reports of Wisconsin (1861-65); School Reports 
of Chicago (1865-78); School Supervision (1890); 
Brief Political History of United States (1892); — 
History of State University of Iowa (1900). 
PICKARD, Samuel Thomas, author, was born 
in Rowley, Mass., March 1, 1828; son of Samuel 
and Sarah (Coffin) Pickard ; grandson of Jeremiah 
and Mehitable (Dresser) Pickard and of Joseph 
and Judith (Tappan) Coffin, and a descendant of 
Tristram Coffin. John Pickard, the first of his 
name in America, settled in Rowley. Samuel 
T. Pickard attended Lewiston Falls, Maine, 
academy, and later removed with B. P. Shillaber 
(‘* Mrs. Partington ”) to Boston, where they con- 
ducted a humorous paper, the Carpet Bag. In 
1852 he sold his interest to Charles G. Halpine 
(‘‘Miles O’Reilly”’) and returned to Portland, 
Maine, where he became connected with the 
Transcript, and for forty-two years was one of the 
proprietors and editors. On April 19, 1876, he 
married Elizabeth H. Whittier of Amesbury, 
Mass., who died in Boston, April 9, 1902. She 
was a niece of the poet Whittier, whose literary 
executor Mr, Pickard became. He was elected a 
trustee of the Portland public library and a mem- 
ber of the Maine Historicalsociety. He received 
the honorary degree of A.M. from Bowdoin in 
1894. Heis the author of: Whittier’s Life and 
Letters (2 vols., 1894); Hawthorne's First Diary 
(1897); Portland in ‘‘Historic Towns of New — 
England ” (1898); Whittier as a Politician (1901), — : 
and many contributions to periodicals. ; 
PICKENS, Andrew, soldier, was born in 
Paxton, Bucks county, Pa., Sept. 138, 1732; son 
of Andrew Pickens, and a descendant of Andre 
Pickon, a Huguenot refugee, who escaped from 
France with his family in 1598, went to Scotland, 
and thence to Ireland, from where Andrew and 
his brother, Robert Pike Pickens, emigrated to 
Pennsylvania. Andrew removed to Augusta 
county, Va., about 1740, and in 1752 to the Wax- 
haw settlement in South Carolina. In April, 
1761, Andrew, Jr., served asa volunteer in Grant’s 
expedition against the Cherokee Indians. Atthe — 
outbreak of the Revolution he removed to Long — 
Cane settlement, raised a militia company and 
was appointed to its command by Col. James 
Grant, being the youngest officer in the field. 
He was married in 1765 to Rebecca (1745-1810), 
daughter of James Calhoun, and aunt of John 
C. Calhoun. He commanded in the battle of 
Eastatoe, and as a commissioner to treat with 
the Indians at Hopewell in 1776, effected the sur- 
render of the whole country as far as the Chatooga 
river, including Pickens, Greenville and Ander- 
son districts, to the state of South Carolina. 


















= a a, an ae 


= 


SS. oe 


ota es ae 


PICKENS 

















































With the aid of Colonels Darby and Clark he 
defeated Colonel Boyd, Kettle Creek, February, 
(1779; covered the retreat at the battle of Stono, 
June, 1779, where his horse was killed under 
him, and routed the Cherokee Indians at Tomas- 
see during the same year. He was engaged in 
the battle of the Cowpens, Jan. 17, 1781, where, 
according to Lee’s memoirs, as ‘‘ Col. Morgan’s 
foremost counsel and aid,” he commanded the 
militia, and rallied and turned the retreating 
ranks, for which service congress presented him 
with a sword. He was soon after promoted 
brigadier-general. At Haw River, N.C., when 
with Colonel Lee he pursued Tarleton, he met 
and utterly defeated Colonel Pyle and his men, 
who had fallen in with General Pickens’s force, 
supposing them to be British. Acting jointly 
with Lee he laid siege to Augusta, Ga., 
May 28, 1781, and compelled its surrender on 
June fifth. In the same month he took part in 
the campaign against Fort Ninety-Six under 
Gen. Nathanael Greene. At this siege his brotber 
Joseph, who commanded a company, was shot 
while reconnoitering the fort, and another 
brother was taken prisoner by the Tories and 
delivered into the hands of the Indians, who 
_sealped and burned him. At the battle of 


left wing, Marion commanding the right, and 
was severely wounded. He was judge of the 
- district courts at Abbeville and at Ninety-Six, and 
a representative in the state legislature, 1783-93. 
In 1793 he settled at Hopewell, on Keowee river, 
the place where the Indian treaty was held in 
1776. He was presidential elector from the first 
district, 1793 and 1797; a representative in the 
8rd congress, 1793-95, declining re-election, but 
‘serving in the state legislature, 1795-96, and 
declining to accept the nomination for governor in 
1796, although assured of his election. He was 
commissioned one of the two major-generals of the 
‘State militia in 1794, which commission he 
P esigned after a few years. General Washing- 
ion on requested his attendance at Philadelphia for 
ultation on the practicability and best means 
of civilizing the Southern Indians, and also offered 
hi m the command of a brigade of light troops in 
General Wayne’s campaign against the northern 
Indians, which he declined. He was one of the 
commissioners who settled the boundary line 
between South Carolina and Georgia, and was 
appointed commissioner of the United States in 
all treaties with the Southern Indians until he 
retired from public life to his farm at Tomassee. 
The historical papers, letters, and manuscripts, 


seph before his death, but through negligence 
e lost or destroyed. He died at Tomassee, 
rw Pendleton, $.C., Aug. 11, 1817. 


Eutaw Springs, General Pickens commanded the 


which he there collected, were handed to his son ° 


PICKENS 


PICKENS, Andrew, governor of South 
Carolina, was born in Waxhaw district, S.C 
Nov. 18, 1779; son of General Andrew (q.v.) 
and Rebecca (Calhoun) Pickens. He was a 
student at the College of New Jersey, Princeton ; 
was appointed lieutenant- 
colonel in the U.S. army, and 
served in the war of 1812 
on the Canada frontier, fight- 
ing at the battle of Lundy’s 
Lane, July 24, 1814, and com- 
manding a regiment of state 
troops in the south in 1815. 
He was a presidential elector from the third dis- 
trict of South Carolina in 1813, and governor of 
South Carolina, 1816-18. In 1820 he received a 
commission from congress with full power and 
authority to hold conferences and make treaties 
with the Creek tribe of Indians in the state of 
Georgia. Subsequently he removed to Alabama, 
where he engaged in cotton planting, and was 
appointed president of the state bank by the legis- 
lature. He married Susan Smith (1788-1810) of 
St. Paul’s parish, daughter of Francis and Susan 
Wilkinson, and descendant of Landgrave Joseph 
Morton, colonial governor of South Carolina, 
1682-85, who married Elizabeth Blake, niece 
of Admiral Robert Blake, England (1598-1657). 
Of their two children, Francis Wilkinson and 
Susan, the latter married James Calhoun, nephew 
of John C. Calhoun. Andrew Pickens died, 
while on business in Mississippi, June 24, 1838. 

PICKENS, Francis Wilkinson, governor of 
South Carolina, was born in Togadoo, St. Paul’s 
parish, 8.C., April 7, 1805; son of Governor 
Andrew and Susan (Wilkinson) Pickens, and 
grandson of Andrew and Rebecca (Calhoun) 
Pickens. He attended South Carolina college, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1829, practising 
in Edgefield district, S.C. While a representa- 
tive in the state legislature in 1832, he made a 
report on the unity of sovereignty and allegiance, 
claiming that congress, as the agent of the states, 
had no claim to allegiance and could exercise no 
sovereignty. He was a representative in the 
24th-29th congresses, 1835-45; a state senator, 
1845-46 ; a delegate to the southern convention at 
Nashville, 1850-51, and a delegate to the Demo- 
cratic national convention at Cincinnati in 1856. 
He was married first to Eliza S., daughter of Col. 
Eldred Simkins of Edgefield county, 8.C., and 
maternal grand-daughter of Gen. Elijah Clarke 
of Georgia; secondly, to Marion, daughter of 
Col. William Dearing of Georgia; and thirdly, at 
Marshall, Texas, in 1858. to Lucy, daughter of 
Beverly Holcomb, a native of Petersburg, Va 
She died at Edgewood, 8.C., Aug. 8, 1899. He 
was U.S. minister to Russia, 1858-60, and during 
his residence at St. Petersburg his daughter, 





[251] 


PICKENS 


Rebecca Calhoun, was married to John E. Bacon 
of Edgefield, at that time secretary of legation. 
As governor of South Carolina, 1858-60, he 
demanded the surrender of Fort Sumter from 
Major Anderson and gave the order to fire upon 
the Star of the West. He died at Edgewood, 
Edgefield district, S.C., Jan. 25, 1869. 

PICKENS, Israel, governor of Alabama, was 
born in Cabarrus county, N.C., Jan. 30, 1780; 
son of Samuel Pickens, an officer in the American 
army, 1776-84. He was graduated in 1802 with 
the first class that left Jefferson college, Canons- 
burg, Pa., and he settled in 
the practice of law in Burke 
county, N.C. He was a mem- 
ber of the house of commons 
of North Carolina in 1807, 
state senator in 1809, and 
Democratic representative 
from the twelfth North Car- 
olina district in the12th, 13th and 14th congresses, 
1811-17. He was appointed register of the land 
office at St. Stephens, Mississippi Territory, which 
included the present state of Alabama, in 1817, 
and represented Washington county in the con- 
vention that framed the Alabama constitution in 
1819. He was governor of Alabama, 1821-25; 
was appointed to the U.S. senate from Alabama 
to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Henry 
Chambers, and served, April to December, 1826, 
and was appointed U.S. district judge for Ala- 
bama by President Adams in 1827, but declined 
on account of ill health. He died in Matanzas, 
Cuba, W.I., April 24, 1827. 

PICKERING, Charles, naturalist, was born at 
Starrucca, Susquehanna county, Pa., Nov. 10, 
1805; son of Timothy and Lurena (Cole) Picker- 
ing; grandson of Zebulon and Sarah (Hart) Cole, 
and of Timothy Pickering (q.v.). Charles was 
taken by his grandfather, Timothy Pickering, to 
Wenham, and later to Salem, Mass., where he 
prepared for college, entering Harvard with the 
class of 1823. He did not complete his course 
in arts but was graduated in medicine in 
1826, and 7 began practice in Philadel- 





in 1827 
phia, Pa., some years later removing to Bos- 
ton, Mass. He was married to Sarah Stoddard, 
daughter of Danieland Sally (Stoddard) Ham- 
mond, He devoted much of his time to the study 
of natural science and was naturalist to the 
Wilkes exploring expedition of 1838-42. In 
1843-45 he traveled in Egypt, Arabia, eastern 
Africa and western and northern India. Harvard 
conferred upon him the degree of A.B. in 1849 
and that of A.M., in 1850, placing his name on 
the records with the class of 1823. He was a 
member of the American Oriental society, the 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the 
American Philosophical society and the Academy 


PICKERING 


of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. He is the 
author of : The Races of Man and their Geographi- 
cal Distribution (1848); Geographical Distribution 
of Animals and Plants (1854) ; Geographical Dis- 


tribution of Plants (1861); Plants and Animals. 


in their Wild State (1876); Chronological History 
of Plants: Man's Record of his own Existence 
Illustrated through their Names, Uses and Com- 
panionship (1879). He died in Boston, Mass., 
March 17, 1878. 

PICKERING, Charles Whipple, naval officer, 
was born in Portsmouth, N.H., Dec. 23, 1815. 
He joined the U.S. navy as midshipman, May 22, 
1822; was promoted fieutenant, Dec. 8, 1838 ; 
commander, Sept. 14, 1855; captain, July 19, 
1862, and com- 
modore, Dec. 8, 
1867. He was 
executive — offi- 
cer of the Cyane, 
and conveyed — 
the Strain sur- ! 
veying party to 
the Isthmus of 





U.S.S. KEARSARGE, 


Darien in 1854. He was ordered to Greytown,. 


Nicaragua, to investigate the treatment of Ameri-- 
can citizens, and finding it outrageous, he bom- 
barded the town and completely reduced it in 
four hours. He was inspector of a lght-house: 
district near Key West, Florida; was the first to 
command the U.S.S. AKearsarge, and was trans- 
ferred to the Housatonic, commanding that ves- 
sel when she was sunk by a submarine torpedo: 
near Charleston, 8.C., Feb. 17, 1865. He later 
commanded the Vanderbilt ; was ordered to the: 
Portsmouth navy yard in 1865, and was retired, 
Feb. 1, 1867. He died in St. Augustine, Fla.,. 
Feb. 29, 1888. 

PICKERING, Edward Charles, astronomer, 
was born in Boston, Mass., July 19, 1846; son of 
Edward and Charlotte (Hammond) Pickering ; 
grandson of Timothy and Lurena (Cole) Picker- 
ing and of Danieland Sally (Stoddard) Hammond, 
and great-grandson of Timothy Pickering (q.v.). 
He prepared for college at the Boston Latin 
school; was graduated from the Lawrence 
Scientific school, Harvard, in 1865 ; was instructor 
of mathematics there, 1865-67 ; and Thayer profes- 
sor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology, 1867-77. He was married, March 9, 
1874, to Lizzie Wadsworth, daughter of Jared 


and Mary (Silsbee) Sparks of Cambridge, Mass. — 


He established the physical laboratory at the. 
Institute of Technology, which was the first of its. 
kind in the United States, and made a special. 
study of light and spectra of the stars. He was. 
director and Phillips professor of astronomy at 
the astronomical observatory at Harvard, 1876— 
87, was elected director and Paine professor of 


[252] 


needs, 











i 3-0 


PICKERING 












































astronomy in 1887 and a director of the astro- 
nonical department of the Carnegie Institution, 
Washington, D.C., in March, 1902. He invented 
‘an improved spectrum telescope and a telephone 
eiver in 1870. He established an auxiliary 
observation station at Arequipa, Peru, and on 
August 7, 1869, accompanied the Nautical Alma- 
nac expedition to observe the total eclipse of the 
‘sun. He was also a member of the coast survey 
expedition to Xeres, Spain, to observe the eclipse 
of Dec. 22, 1870. He was a vice-president of the 
American Association for the Advancement of 
Science in 1876; was elected a fellow of the Amer- 
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences ; a member of 
the National Academy of Sciences, receiving the 
Henry Draper medal for work on astronomical 
physics; an associate member of the Royal 
Astronomical society, London, receiving its gold 
medal in 1886 for photometric researches and in 
1901 for researches on variable stars and work in 
astronomical photography ; an associate member 


eg 


honorary member of several other foreign socie- 
ties. The honorar y degree of A.M. was conferred 
on him by Harvard in 1880, that of LL.D. by the 


‘University of Michigan in 1887, that of S.D. by 
; the Victoria institute, England, in 1900, and that 
of LL.D. by the University of Chicago in 1901, 
Besides many volumes of Annals of the Obser- 
-vatory, he is the author of : Elements of Physical 
Manipulation (2 parts, 1873-76), and editor of The 
Theory of Color in its Relation to Art and Art 
Industry, by Dr. William Bezold (1876). 
_ PICKERING, apne, jurist, was born at New- 
ington, N.H., Sept. 22, 1787; son of Joshua and 
M By Pickering ; grandson of Thomas and Mary 
(Gee) Pickerin, and great-grandson of John 
P ckerin, a native of England, who wasin Ports- 
mouth, N.H., as early as 1633. John Pickering 
graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1761, A.M., 
, and opened a law office at Greenland, N ae 
oving shortly afterward to Portsmouth. He 
married to AbigailSheafe. He wasa member 
estate constitutional convention in 1784, and 
787 waselecteda member of the Federal con- 
utional convention, but declined to serve. He 
a state senator; judge of the supreme court 
New Hampshire, 1790-95, serving as chief 
justice in 1795, and judge of the U.S. district 
urt for New Hampshire, 1795-1804. He was 
impeached i in 1803, and removed from office by a 
arty vote, the charge being drunkenness and 
fanity on the bench, and the defence before 
senate being insanity. He was a fellow of 
he American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 
the honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on 
him by Dartmouth in 1792. He died in Ports- 
outh, N.H., April 11, 1805. 


of the Astronomical Society of Liverpool, and an- 


University of California in 1886 and by the_ 


PICKERING 


PICKERING, John, philologist, was born in 
Salem, Mass., Feb. 7, 1777 ; son of Timothy (q.v.) 
and Rebecca ( White ) Pickering. He was grad- 
uated from Harvard, A.B., 1796, A.M., 1799; 
studied law in Philadelphia, and was seorelary res 
William Smith, U.S. minister to Portugal, 1897- 
99, and to Rufus King, U.S. minister to Great 
Britain, 1799-1801. He practised law in Salem, 
Mass., 1801-27; removed to Boston in 1827, and 
was city solicitor until his resignation in 1846. 
He was a representative in the state legislature, 
state senator and member of the committee 
that revised and arranged the statutes of Massa- 
chusetts. He spoke fluently the English, French, 
Portugese, Italian, Spanish, German, Romaic, 
Greek, and Latin languages, and studied the 
Eastern languages and the Indian languages of 
America, He declined the professorship of Eng- 
lish and Oriental languages, also that of Greek 
Literature at Harvard, and the office of provost 
of the University of Pennsylvania. He was a 
member of the board of overseers of Harvard, 
1818-24, and received the honorary degree of 
LL.D. from Bowdoin in 1822, and from Harvard 
in 1835. He was president of the American Acad- 
emy of Arts and Sciences, and of the American 
Oriental society ; a member of the Linnzean So- 
ciety of New England ; the American Philosoph- 
ical society ; the American Antiquarian society ; 
the Society of the Cincinnati; the Boston Society 
for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ; the Mas- 
sachusetts Historical society ; the Royal Society 
of Northern Antiquarians ; the French Society of 
Universal Statistics; the Berlin Academy of 
Sciences, and the Oriental Society of Paris; and 
an honorary member of the Philadelphia Society 
for the Promotion of Legal Knowledge ; the His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania, the Archzeolog- 
ical Society of Greece, the New Hampshire His- 
torical society, the Society for the Diffusion of 
Useful Knowledge in China, the Michigan His- 
torical society, and the Egyptian Literary asso- 
ciation. He isthe author of: A Vocabulary or 
Collection of Words and Phrases which have been 
supposed to be Peculiar to the United States of 
America (1814); Memoir on the Adoption of a 
Uniform Orthography for the Indian Languages 
of North America (1820) ; Review of the Interna- 
tional McLeod Question (1825); Comprehensive 
Dictionary of the Greek Language (1826); Lecture 
on the Alleged Uncertainty of Law (1830); The 
Agrarian Laws (1833); Memoir on the Inhab- 
itants of Lord North’s Tsland (1835); Remarks on 
the Indian Languages of North America (1836). 
He died in Boston, Mass., May 5, 1846. 

PICKERING, Timothy, statesman, was born 
in Salem, Mass., July 17, 1745; son of Timothy 
and Mary (Wingate) Pickering ; grandson of John 
and Sarah (Burrill) Pickering, and of Joshua and 


[253] 


PICKERING 


Mary (Lunt) Wingate, and a descendant of John 
Pickering (born 1615), who emigrated from Eng- 
land and settled in Ipswich, Mass., in 1634, 
was made an inhabitant in 1636, and removed 
to Salem, Mass., in 1637. Timothy Pickering 
was graduated from 
Harvard, A.B., 1768, 
A.M., 1766, and was 
admitted to the bar 
in 1768. He was regis- 
ter of deeds for Essex 
county; lieutenant 
of militia, 1766-75, 
and colonel, 1775-76. 
He led the Continen- 
tal force in the pur- 
suit of the British 
through Charlestown, 
but arrived too late 
to effect a capture. 
He was elected jus- 
tice of the peace in 
1775 ; justice of the superior court of common 
pleas; judge of the maritime court in Decem- 





ber, 1775, and a representative in the general . 


court in 1776. He was married, April 8, 1776, 
to Rebecca White of Bristol, England, who 
died in Salem, Mass., Aug. 14, 1828. He joined 
the Continental army at the head of a regiment 
of 700 men; was promoted adjutant-general, 
June, 1777; was a member of the board of war, 
Nov. 7, 1777; was appointed quartermaster- 
general of the army, Aug. 5, 1780, and was 
present at the surrender of Cornwallis at York- 
town. In July, 1785, the quartermaster’s de- 
partment was abolished, and he went into the 


commission business in Philadelphia, but in 1787, 


he femoved to the Wyoming valley, Pa. He op- 
posed the insurgent Connecticut settlers and on 
the imprisonment of John Franklin, the insurg- 
ent leader, his house was attacked by the rioters 
and he escaped to Philadelphia. He was a mem- 
ber of the convention for ratifying the U.S. con- 
stitution, and on his return to Wyoming he was 
taken prisoner by the rioters and confined for 
three weeks, his captors wishing him to intercede 
in behalf of Franklin. He was finally released 
and engaged in putting down the lawlessness in 
the state. He was amember of the state conven- 
tion of 1789, that framed the constitution of 
Pennsylvania; was sent on a mission to pacify 
the Seneca Indians, who were aroused by the 
murder of tio of their tribe in 1790, and com- 
pleted negotiations in 1791 with a treaty between 
the United States and the Six Nations. He was 
postmaster-general, 1791-95, and was appointed 
secretary of war to succeed Gen. Henry Knox, 
Jan. 2, 1795, controlling the Indian affairs and 
the navy administration, During his term of 


PICKERING 


service in that department, the military academy 
at West Point was founded, andthe U.S. frigates 
Constitution, Constellation, and United States 
were built. He served as secretary of state on 
the resignation of Edmund Randolph in 1795, 
and was later appointed to the office, serving till 
May 12, 1800, when, owing to a disagreement be- 
tween President John Adams and his eabinet, he 
was discharged. Embarrassed by debt, he re- 
moved to Susquehanna county, Pa., where he 
lived in a log cabin and engaged in farming. 
A subscription was taken by a number of Boston 
citizens amounting to $25,000, and after his debts 
were paid he was induced to remove to Danvers, 
Mass. He was chief justice of the court of com- 
mon pleas, 1802-03; was appointed U.S. senator 
to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
Dwight Foster in 1403, and elected for the full 
term of six years in 1805. By his opposition to 
the Louisiana purchase and the embargo act he 
became extremely unpopular. He removed to 
Wenham, Mass., in 1812, and was a Federalist 
representative in the 13th and 14th congresses, 
1813-17. 
council of Massachusetts in 1817, president of 
Essex Agricultural society in 1818, and retired 
to Salem, Mass., where he died, Jan. 29, 1829. 
PICKERING, William Henry, astronomer, 
was born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 15, 1858 ; son of 
Edward and Charlotte (Hammond) Pickering ; 
grandson of Timothy and Lurena (Cole) Picker- 


ing and of Danieland Sally (Stoddard) Hammond, — 


and great-grandson of Timothy Pickering, (q.v.). 
He was graduated from the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology in 1879; was instructor 
in physics there, 1880-87 ; assistant in the Harvard 
observatory, 1887-89, and assistant professor in 
1889. He was married, June 11, 1884, to Anne 
Atwood, daughter of Isaac Butts of Boston, 
Mass. He led the expedition to observe total 
solar eclipses at Colorado, 1878; Grenada, West 
Indies, 1886; California, 1889; Chili, 1893, and 
Georgia, 1900. He established a temporary 
observatory in Southern California in 1889; the 
Arequipa station of Harvard observatory in 1891 ; 


the astronomical station at Mandeville, Jamaica, 


W.I., in 1900, and erected the observatory and 
telescope for Mr. Lowell at Flagstaff, Arizona, in 
1894. 


on atmospheric conditions at different altitudes. 


He also made observations from over 100 other — 


mountain peaks. He is the author of : Walking 
Guide to Mt. Washington Range (1882); Investi- 
gations in Astronomical Photography (1895) ; 


Visual Observations of the Moon and Planets — 


(Harvard College Annals, 1900); Lunar Atlas 
(1903). 


[254] 


He was a member of the executive 


Pl Rate oh Dees — eee a ge 


He ascended the Half-dome in Yosemite | 
Valley, and El Misti in Peru, where he gained an — 
altitude of 19,500 feet and made valuable notes — 





~~ 


%. 
~ 


- 


Re a ae ee 






He 










































PICKETT 


PICKETT, George Edward, soldier, was born 
Richmond, Va., Jan. 25, 1825. His father was 
» wealthy planter of Henrico Goener Va.. and 
George received a good preparatory education, 

e was graduated at the U.S. Military academy 
in 1846, being brev- 
etted 2nd lieutenant 
of 8th infantry, July 
1. He served in the 
war with Mexico, 
1846-48, being pro- 
moted 2nd lieutenant 
of 2nd _ infantry, 
March 3, 1847. He 
took part in the siege 
of Vera Cruz, March 
9-29, 1847, and the 
battle of Cerro Gordo, 
April 17-18, 1847; 
was transferred to 
the 7th infantry, 
July 13, 1847, and to 
fhe 8th infantry, July 18, 1847, and was present 
‘the capture of San Antonio, Aug. 20,1847. 
He was brevetted Ist lieutenant, Aug. 20, 1847, 
for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco ; took 
part in the battle of Molino del Rey, Sept. 8, 
1847; was brevetted captain, Sept. 13, 1847, 
for gallant conduct at Chapultepec; engaged in 
the assault and capture of the city of Mexico, 
“Sept. 13-14, 1847; was in garrison at Jefferson 
Barracks, Mo., in 1848: was promoted Ist lieu- 
tenant, June 28. 1849, and was on frontier duty 
_in Texas, 1849-55. He was promoted captain of 
9th infantry, March 3, 1855, and served on the 
ex] pedition against the Indians on Puget Sound, 
Wash:, March-June, 1856; at Forts Steilacoom 
and Billingham, Wash., 1856-60, and on San 
Island, Wash., 1860-61. He resigned his 
mission in the U.S. army, June 25, 1861, and 
joined the Confederate States army. He was 
aM 
vommissioned colonel of Virginia troops and 
ed to duty on the Rappahannock river. 
as promoted brigadier-general, and com- 
ed the 3d brigade in Longstreet’s division 
gruder’s command at the opening of the 
n days’ battle before Richmond, June 25- 
1, 1862, and in the battle of Gaines’s Mill, 
e 27, he was severely wounded and forced to 
nquish his command. On Oct. 10, 1862, he 
promoted major-general and given com- 
vd of the third division, Longstreet’s corps, 
s Army of Northern Virginia. He occupied 
center of Lee’s line at Fredericksburg ; and 
famous charge at Gettysburg, where he 
anded the second division, Longstreet’s 
8, became the subject for story and the 
iter’s brush. He was given command of the 
ment of North Carolina, Sept. 23, 1863, 


' 1835-38; U.S. 


PICKING 


and on May 18, 1864, he saved Petersburg from 
capture, personally leading the force that captured 
the Federal works and turned the guns on the 
retreating foe. He was engaged in the battle of 
Five Forks where he commanded the first division 
of Longstreet’s corps and his division received the 
full force of the Federal attack, April 1, 1865. 
After the war he engaged in the life insurance 
business. He declined the U.S. marshalship of 
the state of Virginia tendered him by President 
Grant. He died in Norfolk, Va., July 30, 1875, 
and was buried at Hollywood, Richmond, Va. 

PICKETT, James Chamberlayne, diplomat, 
was born in Fauquier county, Va., Feb. 6, 1793 ; 
son of Col. John and Elizabeth (Chamberlayne) 
Pickett ; grandson of Capt. William S. and Eliz- 
abeth (Metcalfe) Pickett, and a descendant of 
William §S. Pickett. In 1796 he removed with 
his parents to Mason county, Ky., where his 
father served in both branches of the state 
legislature. He was appointed from Ohio 38d 
lieutenant in the 2d U.S. artillery, Aug. 4, 1813; 
was promoted 2d lieutenant, April 19, 1814, 
transferred to the corps of artillery, May 12, 1814, 
and left the service at the close of the war in 
1815. He edited the Haugle at Maysville, Ky., in 
1815; studied law, and on June 16, 1818, entered 
the U.S. army as captain and assistant quarter- 
master-general, serving until June, 1821. He 
settled in the practice of law in Mason county 
in 1821; was a representative in the Kentucky 
legislature in 1822, and secretary of the state, 
1825-28. By appointment of President Jackson, 
he was secretary of the U.S. legation to Colom- 
bia, 1829-33, acting for a time as chargé d’affaires, 
He was a commissioner of the U.S. patent office 
in 1885; fourth auditor of the U.S. treasury, 
minister to Ecuador in 1838, and 
chargé d’affaires to Peru, 1838-45. In 1845 he 
removed to Washington, D.C., where he was 
editor of the Congressional Globe for several 
years. He was married, Oct. 6, 1818, to Ellen, 
daughter of Governor Joseph Desha of Kentucky. 
Their son, Joseph Desha Pickett, was a minister 
of the Christian church, professor in Bethany 
college, Virginia, chaplain in the Confederate 
army, and professor of English literature and 
sacred history in Kentucky university. Another 
son, Col. John T. Pickett, was U.S. consul at 
Vera Cruz, 1853-61, special envoy extraordinary 
of the Confederate states to Mexico in 1865, and 
in 1870 sold the diplomatic correspondence of the 
Confederate States, known as the ‘ Pickett 
Papers”, to the United States government for 
$75,000. James Chamberlayne Pickett died in 
Washington, D.C., July 10, 1872. 

PICKING, Henry Forry, naval officer, was 
born in Somerset county, Pa., Jan. 28, 1840. He 
was graduated from the U.S. Naval academy in 


[255] 


PICKLER 


1861, and served as acting master on the U.S. 
frigate St. Lawrence of the North Atlantic 
blockading squadron, 1861-62; was promoted 
lieutenant, July 16, 1862; took part in the en- 
gagement with the privateer Petrel, and was 
present at the engagement of the U.S. fleet with 
the Confederate ram Merrimac and the Sewell’s 
Point batteries. He served on shore duty at 
the U.S. Naval academy, and was assigned to 
the U.S. ironclad Nahant in 1864. He was com- 
missioned lieutenant-commander, July 25, 1866, 
and commanded the Swatara in European and 
West Indian waters, 1865-68; the flagship 
Colorado in the Asiatic squadron in 1872 ; served 
on ordnance duty at Washington and at Newport, 
1873-75; was promoted commander, Jan. 25, 
1875, and was a member of the lighthouse board, 
1875-85, serving as secretary, 1881-82. He com- 
manded the U.S.S. Kearsarge, 1879-81, and the 
U.S.S. Michigan on the northwestern lakes, 
1887-89. He was promoted captain, Aug. 4, 
1889 ; was hydrographer of the U.S. navy, 1889- 
90; wasa member of the board of inspection 
and survey, and commanded the cruiser Charles- 
ton during a rebellion in Brazil, and the receiving 


CHARLESTON 

















ships Minnesota and Wabash, 1890-98. He was 
promoted commodore, Nov. 25, 1898; rear-ad- 


miral, March 8, 1899, and succeeded Admiral 
Howison ascommandant of the Charlestown navy 
yard. He died in Boston, Mass., Sept. 8, 1899. 

PICKLER, John Alfred, representative, was 
born near Salem, Ind., Jan. 24, 1844. He removed 
with his father to Davis county, Iowa, in 1853, 
and served in the Federal army, 1862-65, as 
captain in the 3d Iowa cavalry, and major of the 
138th U.S. colored infantry, He was graduated 
from the Iowa State university, Ph.B., 1870, and 
from the University of Michigan, LL.B., 1872. 
He removed to Muscatine, Iowa, in 1874: was 
presidential elector on the Garfield ticket in 
1880, and a representative in the state legisla- 
ture in 1881. He removed to Faulkton, Dakota 
Territory, 1883; was a representative in the 
territorial legislature, 1884, and inspector in the 
public land service, 1889. He was a Republican 
representative at large from South Dakota in the 
dist-54th congresses, 1889-97. 


PICKNELL 


PICKNELL, William Lamb, painter, was born 
in Hinesburg, Vt., Oct. 28, 1854 ; son of the Rev. 
William and Ellen (Upham) Picknell ; grandson 
of Samuel and Sarah (Lamb) Picknell, and 
of Joshuah and Mary (Nichols) Upham, and a 
descendant of John 
Upham, who was 
born in England in 
1597; came to New 
England in 1635, with 
his wife and three 
children ; was one of 
the founders of Wey- 
mouth, Mass., and 
later aided in found- 
ing the town of Mal- 
den. William = L. 
Picknell began the 
study of art under 
George Inness_ in 
Rome in 1872; was 
later, 1875-77, a pupil 
of Géréme in Paris, and studied in Brittany under 
Robert Wylie, 1877-81. Heexhibited at the Royal 
Academy, London, and at the Paris Salon, where 
he received honorable mention in 1880, and in 1882 
opened a studio in Boston, Mass. He was elected 
a member of the Society of American Artists in 
1880, of the Society of British Artists in 1884, 
and an associate of the National Academy of 
Design in New York city in 1891. He received a 
silver medal in 1881, and a gold medal in 1884, at 
the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Associa- 
tion Fair; a medal at the World’s Columbian 
exposition, Chicago, 1893; a gold medal at the 
Paris Salon in 1895; the Lippincott prize at the 
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1896; and 
amedalat the Atlanta, Ga., exposition in 1896. 
He was married, April 18, 1889, to Gertrude, 


, 









Ss 


daughter of John and Ann (Goodwin) Powers of 


Boston. His strength lay in landscape work, and 
prominent among the localities chosen for his 
subjects are Normandy and the South of France, 
the new forest in England, the Mexican frontier, 
Southern California, Florida and the New Eng- 
land coast. Among the more important paint- 
ings are: 


carneau Road, in the Corcoran art gallery, 
Washington (1880); On the Borders of the Marsh, 
in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts 
(1880); A Stormy Day (1881); Coast of Ipswich, 
in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (1882); Swmn- 
shine and Drifting Sand (1883); A Sultry Day 
(1884); Wintry March, in the Walker art gallery, 
Liverpool (1885) ; Bleak December, in the Metropol- 
itan Museum, New York (1886); After the Storm 
(1886); November Solitude (1887); Edge of Winter 
(1891) ; Le Déclin de Jour (1894); .A Toiler of the Sea, 


[256] 


Breton Peasant Girl Feeding Ducks 
(1877); The Fields of Kerren (1878); The Con-- 


as 
















































Ra PIEPER 


4 
in the Carnegie art gallery, Pittsburg, Pa., (1889); 
Late Afternoon, Florida, in the Brooklyn Institute 
Museum of Arts and Sciences (1890); Morning 
on the Loing (1895); Morning on the Mediter- 
“10 nean, in Luxembourg collection, Paris (1896); 
The Road to Nice (1896), and Sand Dunes at 
- Ipswich (1895). He died at Devereaux Rocks, 
‘Marblehead, Mass., Aug. 9, 1897. 
PIEPER, Franz August Otto, educator, was 
born in Carwitz, Pomerania, Germany, June 27, 
4852; son of August and Bertha Pieper. He was 
a student at the Dom-Gymnasium, Colberg, 
Pomerania, and in 1870 came to the United 
| States. 
university, Watertown, Wis., A.B., 1872, and at 
Concordia Lutheran Theological seminary, St. 
Louis, Mo., in 1875; was ordained to the Luthe- 
ran ministry at Centreville, Wis., in 1875, and 
was pastor there and at Manitowoc, 1875-78. He 
_ was professor of theology in Concordia Theolo- 
gical seminary at St. Louis, 1878-87, and in 1887 
became president of the seminary and _ professor 
of dogmatic and pastoral theology, succeeding 
Dr. C. F. W. Walther. He was elected presi- 
_ dent-general of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod 
of Missouri, Ohio, and other states in 1899, and 
- re-elected in 1902, at the same time retaining the 
_ professorship and presidency at Concordia. He 
also became editor of Lehre and Wehre, Luthe- 
raner and Homiletisches Magazin. He is the 
author of : Grundbekenntniss de ev.-Lutherischen 
Kirche, mit einer geschichtlichen Einleitung und 
kurzen erklarenden Anmerkungen versehen (1880) ; 
Lehre von Christi Werk (1898); Distinctive 
Doctrines of the Lutheran Church (1892), and 
contributions to denominational periodicals. 
_ PIERCE, Benjamin, governor of New Hamp- 
ire, was born in Chelmsford, Mass., Dec. 25, 
1757. His first ancestors in Aimerica settled in 
Plymouth in 1623. He was the seventh of ten 
children, and his parents having died when he 
mts was six years old, he was 


CA 
a RES cared for by a paternal uncle, 
NA but received a very limited 
(2. : s : 
i ~ education. He engaged in 
mg) )| farming from childhood, and 


= in 1775, on learning of the 

battle of Lexington, he en- 
a listed as a regular soldier in 
the Continental army at Cambridge, servin gunder 
’ olonel Brooks. He fought in the battle of Bun- 
ker Hill, was appointed sergeant in the Continen- 
regiment in Washington’s army in 1776, and 
geant in the 8th Massachusetts, in January, 
7 He was promoted ensign for bravery in 
saving the flag of the company at Saratoga, 
Oct. 7, 1777; lieutenant, July 7, 1782, and was 
transferred to the Ist Massachusetts, Jan. 1, 
4159, as captain, having command of a detach- 


Hs was graduated at Northwestern — 


PIERCE 


ment that entered the city of New York upon 
its evacuation, Nov. 25, 1783. He entered the 
employ of a large landholder in New England 
after the war, and wassoon enabled to purchase 
a tract of land in Hillsborough, N.H., which he 
cleared and on which he settled and built a rude 
log house. He was married in 1787 to Elizabeth 
Andrews of Hillsborough, who died in 1788, and he 
was married secondly in 1789 to Anna Kendrick 
of Amherst, N.H. He was appointed brigade 
major of his district in the New Hampshire 
militia by Governor Sullivan in 1786, and was 
promoted brigadier-general. He represented 
Hillsborough in the state legislature, 1789-1801, 
was a member of the governor’s council, 1808-09 
and 1813-18, and sheriff of Hillsborough county, 
1809-13 and 1818-27. He was governor of New 
Hampshire in 1827 and 1829, but was defeated in 
1828, and was a Democratic presidential elector 
at large in 1833, voting for Andrew Jackson. 
He died in Hillsborough, N.H., April 1, 1839. 
PIERCE, Byron Root, soldier, was born in 
East Bloomfield, Ontario county, N.Y., Sept. 20, 
1829; son of Silas and Mary (Root) Pierce. He 
was educated in Rochester, N.Y., worked in his 
father’s woolen factory, and became a dentist. 
He removed to Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1856, and 
in 1861 enlisted in the 3d Michigan volunteer 
infantry, being promoted captain, May 138, 1861, 
major, Oct. 21, 1861, lieutenant-colonel, July 25, 
1862, and colonel, Jan. 1, 1863. He served with 
the Army of the Potomac during the entire war ; 
was promoted brigadier-general of U.S. volun- 
teers, June 7, 1864; was brevetted major-general 
of volunteers, April 6, 1865, for gallant services 
at Sailor’s Creek, Va., and was mustered out of 
the service, Aug. 24, 1865. He was married, 
Oct. 12, 1881, to Abbie L. Evans of Rhode Island. 
He was commandant of the Soldiers’ Home at 
Grand Rapids, Mich., 1887-91, and in 1902 was an 
employee in the U.S. post office at Grand Rapids. 
PIERCE, Edward Lillie, publicist and author, 
was born in Stoughton, Mass., March 29, 1829; 
son of Col. Jesse and Elizabeth S. (Lillie) Pierce, 
and brother of Henry Lillie Pierce (q.v.). He 
was prepared for college at the academies af 
Bridgewater and Easton; was graduated from 
Brown university in 1850; from Harvard Law 
school in 1852; was admitted to the bar in Boston, 
1853, and subsequently practised in Cincinnati, 
Chicago and again in Boston, He was a member 
of the Republican national conventions of 1860, 
1876, 1880, 1884. At the opening of the civil war 
he enlisted as a private in the 3d Massachusetts 
regiment ; served at Fort Monroe, and was detailed 
to organize, educate and render self-supporting 
the freedmen of the Sea Islands, S.C., in 1862, 
which enterprise proved so successful that he 
started companies in other districts to carry on 


‘e | [257] 


PIERCE 


his work. He was collector of internal revenue 
of Boston, 1863-66; district attorney of Norfolk 
and Plymouth counties, 1866-70 ; lecturer at the 
Massachusetts University Law school for ten 
years, and secretary of the board of state charities, 
1869-74, for which he made reports of the work 
in Europe and the United States. He was 
member of the state legislature, 1875-76, 1895 
and 1896, chairman of the house committee on 
the judiciary, 1876, and while serving in that 
capacity devised and carried a comprehensive 
act limiting municipal indebtedness. He de- 
clined the office of assistant treasurer of the 
United States at Boston in 1878, and was the 
unsuccessful Republican candidate from the 3d 
Massachusetts district for representative in the 

2nd congress in 1890. He was a member of the 
Massachusetts Historical society, and a personal 
friend of Charles Sumner and John Bright. He 
founded the free public library at Milton, Mass., 
and between 1869 and 1897 traveled extensively in 
Europeand the East. He was married first, April 
19, 1865, to Elizabeth Helen, daughter of the Hon. 
John Kingsbury of Providence, R.I.,and secondly, 
March 8, 1882, to Maria Louisa Woodhead of Hud- 
dersfield, England. He received the degree LL.D. 
from Brown in 1882, and from Claflin in 1894. He 
was an advocate of ballot reform and an authority 
on railroad law, and his articles on these subjects 
together with his lecture on John Bright, col- 
lege exercises and political addresses are included 
in ‘* Enfranchisement and Citizenship” (1896). 
He compiled a ‘‘ Genealogy of the Pierce Family ” 
and an ‘‘ Index of the Special Railroad Laws of 
Massachusetts ” (1874); published a ‘‘Sketch of 
Major John Lillie” a maternal ancestor; edited 
‘Walter's American Law,” and is the author of : 
Liffect of Prospective or Extreme Legislation, etc. 
(1857); Personal Liberty Laws (1861); Negroes at 
Port Royal (1862); Freedmen of Port Royal, S.C. 
(Atlantic Monthly, Aug., 1863); Two Systems of 
Government Proposed for the Rebel States (1867); 
Laws of Railroads (1881), and Memoirs and 
Letters of Charles Sumner (4 vols., 1877-98). He 
died in Paris, France, Sept. 5, 1897. 

PIERCE, Franklin, fourteenth president of the 
United States, was born in Hillsborough, N.H., 
Noy. 23, 1804; son of Governor Benjaminand Anna 
(Kendrick) Pierce. He attended the academies 
at Hancock, Francestown and Exeter, and was 
graduated at Bowdoin in 1824, standing third in his 
class. He was an officer in the college batallion, 
and during his college course taught district 
schools in the winter to pay his tuition. He 
studied law under Levi Woodbury at Portsmouth, 
1825; at the law school, Northampton, Mass., 
1825-26, and in the office of Judge Edmund Parker, 
Amherst, N.H., 1827. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1827, and practised first at Hillsborough 


PIERCE 


and subsequently at Concord. He wasarepresen- 
tative from Hillsborough in the state legislature, 
1829-32 ; speaker of the house, 1831 and 1832, and 
a Democratic representative in the 238d and 24th 
congresses, 1833-37. He served on the judiciary 


— 









































BOWPOIN COLLEGE IN 1822. 


committee, and spoke against receiving petitions 
for the abolition of slavery in the District of 
Columbia, and against appropriations for the 
U.S. Military academy on the ground that the 
institution was aristocratic and that the profes- 
sion of arms was dangerous to the liberties of the 
country, which should depend on the yeomen 
militia for defence. He sustained President 
Jackson in opposing the growing demand for 
appropriations for internal improvements, and 
his course as a representative determined his 
party to make hima senator in congress, March 
3, 1837, as successor to John Page, who completed 
the term of Isaac Hill. He took his seat Sept. 
24, 1837, the youngest senator in the chamber, 
and not till his birthday, Nov. 28, 1837, thirty- 
three years ofage. He supported the recommenda- 
tion of Joel Roberts Poinsett, secretary of war, 
to give government aid to the states in order to 
make more effective their militia, and when the 
motives of the secretary were questioned Senator 
Pierce ably defended him. He opposed the 
removal of government employees for political 
opinions. He resigned his seat in the senate at 
the close of the second session, Aug. 81, 1842, in 
order to resume the practice of law, and joining 
his family who had removed to Concord in 1838, 
he practised in that city, Leonard Wilcox (q.v.) 
completing his term in the senate. When Senator 
Levi Woodbury resigned, Nov. 20, 1845, to take 
his seat on the bench of the U.S. supreme court, 
Governor Steele urged Mr, Pierce to accept the 
appointment as his successor, which he declined, 
as he did the Democratic nomination for governor 
and the cabinet position of attorney-general from 
President Polk the same year. In 1846 he made 
a determined but hopeless battle for the Demo- 
cratic party against the united Whig and Free Soil 
parties with John P. Hale as his chief opponent, 
with the result that Hale was elected U.S. 
senator, and the state gave to the coalition two 
representatives in congress. When the war with 
Mexico was declared he enrolled as a private in a 


[258] 


sates Bes. “sp a!< 





VQ \ 
a 


\ 








4 ” . 


PIERCE 










































yolunteer company recruiting in Concord, and 
his efficiency as a drill-master secured for him 
the appointment by President Polk to the 
colonelcy of the 9th volunteer infantry, and pro- 
motion to the rank of brigadier-general by 
the President, March 8, 1847. On the 27th of 
March he embarked from Newport, R.1., with 
Colonel Ransom and three companies of the 9th 
regiment, arriving at Vera Cruz, June 28, and on 
July 14, left Vera Cruz, reaching the main army 


VERA CRUZ. 


of General Scott at Puebla, August 6. On August 
19, at the battle of Contreras, General Pierce led 
his brigade across the lava bed, the rough 
voleanic rocks disabling his horse and the fall 
injuring the general’s leg. Contrary to the advice 
of the surgeon he mounted another horse and 
continued the assault until almost midnight, 
when darkness ended the charge, which was 
_ taken up at daylight with General Pierce in the 
saddle; but the army had gained the rear of the 
- fortified Mexicans, and those escaping capture 
retreated to Churubusco, where General Santa 
Anna with his main army had gathered. Despite 
the advice of General Scott to leave the field, 
Pierce continued in the saddle, and his brigade 
and that of Gen. James Shields were ordered to 
_ make a detour in order to gain the enemy’s rear. 
In doing this they were opposed by a superior 
force of Mexican reserves and a bloody battle 
ensued, most of which time Pierce was on foot, 
his horse being unable to cross a ravine, and the 
battle had not been determined when Worth and 
Pillow were successful in their attack on the 
front, and thus relieved the two outnumbered 
brigades. General Pierce was overcome by the 
pain in his leg, and carried to hospital after the 
battle. The defeat of the Mexicans at Churu- 
busco, led Santa Anna to propose a truce looking to 
terms for peace, and General Scott appointed Gen- 
eral Pierce one of the commissioners to meet repre- 
Sentatives from the Mexican army and arrange 
an armistice ; but the commissioners soon discov- 
ered the purpose of the Mexican general to be 
merely to gain time, and General Scott closed the 
hegotiations after a truce of two weeks and 
following the battles of Molino del Rey and 
Chapultepec, the City of Mexico capitulated and 
he war was at an end. In. December, 1847, 


and the state legislature presented him with a 
sword. He was a delegate toand president of the 


. [25 


PIERCE 


state constitutional convention of 1850, and in 
the convention he endeavored to remove the con- 
stitutional bar against non-Protestants holding 
office in the state, by an amendment which was 
not adopted by the people, but thereafter the 
restriction was not enforced. His legal practice 
was continued, 1847-52, with eminent success, and 
his services as an orator were in constant demand. 
He accepted the compromise measures of 1850 
as settling the question of slavery in the newly 
acquired territory, and the Democratic national 
convention met at Baltimore, June 12, 1852, with 
Buchanan, Cass, Douglas and Marcy as the prom- 
inent candidates. After the 35th ballot the 
name of Franklin Pierce was presented by Vir- 
ginia and on the 39th ballot he was nominated 
as the candidate of the party for President of 
the United States, receiving 282 of the 293 
votes of the convention and in the election that 
followed in November his electors received 
1,601,474 popular votes to 1,380,576 for the elec- 
tors of Winfield Scott, 156,149 for those of John 
P. Hale, and 1,670 in Massachusetts for those of 
Daniel Webster. Atthe meeting of the electoral 


college in 1853, he received 254 electoral votes to 
42 for Winfield Scott, all the states but Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts, Tennessee and Kentucky, 
voting for Pierceand King. He was inaugurated, 
































March 4, 1853, and on March 7, announced the 
following appointments: William L. Marcy of 
New York, secretary of state; James Guthrie 
of Kentucky, secretary of the treasury ; Jefferson 
Davis of Mississippi, secretary of war; Robert 
McClelland of Michigan, secretary of the interior ; 
James C. Dobbin of North Carolina, secretary 
of the navy; James Campbell of Pennsylvania, 
postmaster-general, and Caleb Cushing of Mass- 
achusetts, attorney-general. Hiscabinet as thus 
constituted remained without change to the close 
of his administration, the only example of an un- 
broken official Presidential family in the history of 
the United States. Heappointed James Buchanan 
of Pennsylvania (succeeded in 1856 by George M. 
Dallas, of Pennsylvania) U.S. minister to Great 
Britain ; John Young Mason of Virginia, U.S. 
minister to France ; Henry R. Jackson of Georgia, 
U.S, minister resident to Austria; Thomas H. 
Seymour of Connecticut, U.S. minister to Russia, 
and Pierre Soulé of Louisiana (succeeded in 1855 


PIERCE 


by Augustus C. Dodge of Iowa) U.S. minister 
to Spain. He appointed John A. Campbell of 
Alabama associate justice of the U.S. supreme 
court in 1853, to fill the vacancy caused by the 
death of Mr. Justice McKinley of Alabama. In 
his inaugural address President Pierce advised 
against the agitation of the question of slavery 
and the rendition of fugitive slaves, as long as 
the constitution protected the slaveholders and 
the institution. He feared that the excitement 
attending such discussion might threaten the 
stability of the union of the states. He settled 
the boundary dispute with Mexico by appointing 
James Gadsden U.S. minister to Mexico, and 
empowering him to negotiate a treaty with that 
country, by which the United States secured 
45,000 square miles of land out of which Arizona 
and New Mexico were formed, paying therefor 
$10,000,000, but re- 
ceiving a considera- 
bly larger sum from 
Mexico for Indian 
depredation claims. 
Under the direction 
of the war depart- 
ment he caused the 
surveys of several 
routes for a railroad 
to the Pacific, and the 
publication of the va- 
rious reports gave to 
the people a large 
amount of knowledge 





versed. 
tin Koszta. a Hungarian refugee, was captured in 
the harbor of Smyrna and confined on the Austrian 
brig Hussar as a political prisoner. The United 
States agent at that port demanded his release 
on the ground that he had taken the preliminary 
steps toward becoming an American citizen. 
Commander D. N. Ingraham (q.v.) of the U.S. 
sloop of war St. Louis threatened to fire upon 
the Hussar unless Koszta was released, and by 
mutual agreement he was placed in charge of 
the French consul, and a few days thereafter 
released by order of the Austrian government. 
The President and both houses of congress 
approved the course of Ingraham and presented 
him with a medal. By mutual concessions the 
question in controversy respecting the fisheries 
claims of Great Britain was amicably settled. 
The treaty with Great Britian insuring commer- 
cial reciprocity with the Canadian provinces, 
and the treaty with Japan opening the ports of 
that empire to commerce were ratified by the 
senate in 1854. In the United States congress 
the Kansas-Nebraska bill was debated in the 33d 
congress and passed. This act rendered void the 


In 1853 Mar- 


PIERCE 


Missouri compromise and re-opened the question. 


of slavery in the territories, which resulted in 
the Kansas dual government and a miniature 
civil war, which was ended by the action of the 


President in appointing John W. Gerry of Penn- — 


sylvania military governor of the territory in 
1856, with power to restore order. During the 
progress of the Crimean war, 1854-55, recruits 


were being secretly enlisted in the United States. 


for the British army. Learning that the British 
minister sanctioned the proceeding, President 
Pierce demanded Mr. Crampton’s recall, and when 
the British government refused, he promptly dis- 
missed him, and also the British consuls at New 
York, Philadelphia and Cincinnati, who were 
parties to the movement. The British govern- 
ment accepted the situation, and sent new men 
to fill the places of those dismissed. During Pres- 
ident Pierce’s administration, the court of claims 
was organized, the diplomatic and consular system 
was reorganized, and General Scott was made lieu- 
tenant-general. He vetoed a bill appropriating 
10,000,000 acres of land to the states for the relief 
of indigent insane, theappropriation bill for public 
works in 1854, the bill for the payment of French 
spoliation claims, and an increased appropriation 
for the Collins line of steamers in 1855. When 
William Walker, the filibuster, gained undisputed 
control of Nicaragua in 1856, and announced 


that he had been elected president, the President ~ 


recognized the government, and received a 
minister sent by Walker to Washington. By di- 
rection of President Pierce the United States 


ministers to Great Britain, France and Spain, 


met at Ostend, Oct. 9, 1854, adjourned to Aix la 
Chapelle, and sent from there to Washington the 


‘Ostend Manifesto”, which declared that the 


sale of Cuba to the United States would be 
advantageous to both governments; but that if 
Spain refused to sell, it was incumbent upon the 
United States to ‘‘ wrest it from her” rather than 
see it Africanized like Santo Domingo. The un- 
settled conditions of the European powers, and 
the question of slavery in the territories of the 


United States overshadowed the Cuban ques- — 


tion, however, and it was not revived during Pres- 
ident Pierce’s administration. The Democratic 
national convention met at Cincinnati, June 2, 
1856, and President Pierce was a candidate for 
renomination, receiving on the first ballot 122 
votes to 135 for Buchanan, and 383 for Douglas. 
On the 17th ballot James Buchanan was nomin- 
ated. In August. 1856, the house of representa- 
tives attached a rider to the army appropriation 
bill, providing that no part of the army should be 
employed to enforce the laws of the Kansas 
territorial legislature until the validity of such 
laws was determined by congress; and when the 
bill came before the senate, that body refused to 


[260] 


4 





PIERCE 















































concur, and the 84th congress adjourned, Aug. 
(18, 1856. President Pierce at once issued a pro- 
clamation convening congress in extra session. 
It met, Aug. 21, 1856, the bill was passed without 
- the proviso,and congress adjourned, Aug. 30, 1856. 
In his message to congress, Dec. 1, 1856, the Pre- 
 sident laid before that body the condition of 
affairs in Kansas as viewed from the constitu- 
tional standpoint, and strongly criticised the 
action of the free-state party in adopting revolu- 
- tionary methods to secure tle success of their 
‘measures. On March 4, 1857, he welcomed James 
Buchanan, his successor, to the White House, 
and after attending the inauguration ceremonies 
- hereturned to Concord, and resumed the practice 
of his profession. He visited Madeira, the 
British Isles, and the continent of Europe, 1857- 
60, and returned home early in 1860, He took no 
active part in the political canvass of that year. 
He deplored the revolutionary methods adopted 
by the abolitionists and urged the defeat of the 
promoters of discord at the polls. When, how- 
ever, the Southern states fired on the government 
forts and took possession of government property, 
he urged the people to support the government. 
His wife, Jane Means Appleton (q.v.), died in 
Andover, Mass., Dec. 2, 1863. Of their three 
sons, two died in early youth, and the youngest, 
~ Benjamin Pierce, was killed in a railroad accident, 
Jan. 6, 1853, after his father’s election, but be- 
fore his inauguration as President of the United 
States. President Pierce received the degree of 
LL.D. from Bowdoin in 1853, and from Dartmouth 
in 1860. The legislature of New Hampshire 
~ caused his portrait to be painted and placed in 
the hall of representatives in the state capitol. 
See lives of Pierce by Nathaniel Hawthorne and 
 D. W. Bartlett, and a review of his administra- 
tion by A. E. Carroll. He died in Concord, N.H., 
Oct. 8, 1869. . 

_ PIERCE, Frederick Clifton, historian, was 
born in Worcester, Mass., July 80, 1856; son of 
Silas Austin and Maria N. (Smith) Pierce ; grand- 
son of Amos Pierce, and a descendant of John 
_ Pers of Watertown, Mass., 1637. He attended 
_ Groton academy, Mass., and engaged in journal- 
ism in Worcester, Mass., in 1879. He removed 
0 Chicago, Il., 1880, and was city editor of the 
_ Gazette, 1880-90. He was business manager of 
_ the Chicago Journal, 1890-1900, and was chosen 
advertising manager of the Chicago Inter-Ocean 
in 1900, and business manager in 1901. He 
organized the City Grays, 3d regiment, Illinois 
National Guard, in 1883, and commanded it until 
1885, when he was promoted colonel of staff to 
_ Governor Richard Oglesby. He was also a mem- 
_ber of the staffs of Governors Fifer and Altgeld, 
and served as secretary of the National Guard 
for six years. He became a member of the 


PIERCE 


American Historical society, 1900; the Society 
of American Authors, and many other organiza- 
tions. He is the author of: History of Grafton, 
Mass. (1879); History of Barre, Muss. (1880) ; 
Life and Services of R. M. A. Hawk (1886) ; His- 
tory of Rockford, Ill. (1887) ; and numerous 
genealogies, including the Field, Foster, Har- 
wood, Whitney. Fisk, Fiske, Pierce, Peirce, 
Pearce, Forbes, Forbush, Gibson, Batcheller, 
Batchelder and Sherman families. 

PIERCE, George Edmond, educator, was born 
in Southbury, Conn., Sept. 21, 1794; son of 
Samuel and Martha (Edmond) Pierce, and a de- 
scendant of Robert Edmond, a native of Ireland. 
He was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1816, A.M., 1819; 
was principal of Fairfield academy, Conn., 1816- 
18; was graduated at Andover Theological semi- 
nary in 1821; was ordained July 12, 1822, and 
was pastor at Harwinton, Conn., 1522-34. On 
Dec. 7, 1824, he married Susan, daughter of 
He was 
1834-55, 


Martin Rockwell of Colebrook, Conn. 
president of Western Reserve college, 








































































































THE OLD WESTERN RESERVE COLLEGE,HUDSON, OHIO. 
and during his administration a medical school 
was established at Cleveland in 1844, and an ob- 
servatory, athenzum, chapel and several other 
new buildings erected. In 1850 he was sharply 
criticised for what was termed his extravagance, 
the attendance decreased, the theological depart- ° 
ment closed, subscriptions fell off, and he re- 
signed his office in 1855, and was without charge 
at Hudson, Ohio, 1855-71. He received the de- 
gree D.D. from Middlebury college in 1838. He 
died at Hudson, Ohio, May 27, 1871. 

PIERCE, George Foster, M.E. bishop, was 
born in Greene county, Ga., Feb. 3, 1811; son of 
the Rev. Lovick and (Foster) Pierce. He 
graduated at Franklin college, Athens, Ga., A.B., 
1829, A.M., 1832, and studied Jaw under his uncle, 
Col. George Foster, in Greensborough, 1829-30, 
In January, 1831, he was admitted into the 
Georgia conference of the Methodist church, and 

ras later a member of the South Carolina con- 
ference. He was presiding elder of the Augusta 
circuit, 1837-39, president of the Georgia Female 
college, which became the Wesleyan Female col- 
lege, at Macon, Ga., 1839-40, and agent of this 
institution in 1841. He was engaged in pastoral 
work, 1842-48 ; was a delegate to the general con- 





261] 


PIERCE 


ference at New York city in 1844; to the conven- 
tion at Louisville, Ky., which organized the 
Methodist Episcopal church, South, in 1845, and 
to its first general conference at Petersburg, Va., 
in 1846, and to those of 1850 and 1854, He was 
president of Emory college at 
Oxford, Ga., 1848-54, and was 
elected and ordained bishop 
of the Methodist Episcopal 
E} church, South, at Columbus, 
Ga., in 1854. He built St. 
John’s Methodist church at 
Augusta, Ga., 1843-44; made 
an overland journey to San Francisco on a stage 
coach in 1859, in the interests of his work, and 
received the degrees D.D. from Transylvania 
university, LL.D. from Randolph-Macon college 
in 1867, and was a trustee of the University of 
Georgia, 1867-84. He is the author of Incidents 
of Western Travel (1857). He died at Sparta, Ga.., 
Sept. 3, 1884. 

PIERCE, Gilbert Ashville, senator, was born 
in East Otto, Cattaraugus county, N.Y. He 
moved to Indiana in 1854, and later attended the 
University of Chicago Law school for two years. 
In April, 1861, he enlisted in the 9th Indiana 
volunteers for three months’ service, and was 
elected 2d lieutenant. He re-enlisted, Aug. 3, 
1861, was appointed captain and made assistant 
quartermaster. He served under General Grant 
at Paducah, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Grand Gulf 
and Vicksburg, being present at its surrender, 
July 4, 1863. He was promoted lieutenant- 
colonel in 1863; served at Matagorda Island, 
Texas; was promoted colonel in 1864; appointed 
inspector and special commissioner of the war 
department, in which capacity he served at Hil- 
ton Head and Pocotaligo, 8.C., thence being 
-ordered to the department of the gulf, and in 
October, 1865, he was retired with the brevets, 
major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel of volun- 
teers. He was a representative in the Indiana 
legislature in 1868; assistant financial clerk of 
the U.S. senate, 1869-71; assistant and managing 
editor of the Chicago Intei-Ocean, 1871-83 ; editor 
of the Chicago News, 1883-84, and governor of 
Dakota Territory, 1884-87. He was chosen Re- 
publican U.S. senator from the new state of 
North Dakota, Nov. 20, 1889, and drew the short 
term, which expired March 8, 1891. In 1891 he 
purchased with W. J. Murphy, the Minneapolis, 
Minn., Tribune, and became its editor-in-chief, 
He was appointed U.S. minister to Portugal by 
President Harrison in 1893, resigning after a few 
months’ service. He is the author of several 
novels, sketches and plays, and published a 
Dickens Dictionary: A Key to the Characters and 
Principal Incidents in the Works of Charles Dick- 
ens (1872). He died in Chicago, IIl., Feb. 15, 1901, 








PIERCE 


PIERCE, Henry Lillie, representative. was 
born in Stoughton, Mass., Aug. 23, 1825 ; son of 
Col. Jesse and Elizabeth S. (Lillie) Pierce; grand- 
son of Jesse and Catherine (Smith) Pierce, and of 
Capt. John Lillie (aide to Major-General Knox 
in the Revolution), and a descendant of John 
Pers, who immigrated from Norfolk county, 
England, and settled in Watertown, Mass., in 
1637. He attended a private school conducted 
by his father at Stoughton, also the academy 
and the state normal school at Bridgewater, 
Mass. ; removed to Dorchester, Mass., with his 
parents in 1849; in 1850 entered the chocolate 
manufactory of Walter Baker & Co., and on the 
death of Mr. Baker in 1854, took charge of the 
business. He was active in the organization of 
the Free-Soil party in Massachusetts in 1848; 
was a representative in the state legislature, ~ 
1860-62 and 1866; was amember of the Boston 
board of aldermen, 1870-71, mayor of Boston in 
1873 and 1878, and a Republican representa- 
tive from the third Massachusetts district in the 
43d and 44th congresses, having been elected to 
fill the vacancy caused by the death of William 
Whiting, and serving from December, 1874, to 
March 4, 1877. In 1884 he helped to organize an 
independent movement to support Grover Cleve-_ 
land for president, and thereafter acted. with the 
Democratic party. After numerous bequests to 
charitable and other public institutions, aggre- 
gating $600,000, and including $50,000 eacii to 
Harvard university, the Massachusetts General 
hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Techno- 
logy, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, and 
the Massachusetts Homoeopathic hospital, he 
transferred his valuable farm adjoining the Blue 
Hills reservation to the Boston Park commis- 
sioners to be added to the park lands of the city, 
and bequeathed the residue of his estate to be 
divided among the five beneficiaries first named. 
He was never married. Hedied in Boston, Mass..,. 
Dec. 17, 1896. 

PIERCE, Henry Miller, educator and inven- 
tor, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., Oct. 
6, 1831 ; son of Henry Miller and Susan (Peironnet) 
Pierce ; grandson of Dr. John Harvey and Jane 
(Miller) Pierce and of James Stephen and 
Susan (Bishop) Peironnet, and a descendant 
of Dr. William Harvey, who discovered the 
circulation of the blood, and of Admiral 
Adam Dunean, the hero of Camperdown in 
1797. His parents came to America from Eng- 
land in 1820. He was graduated at Waterville 
college, Maine, A.B., 1853, A.M., 1857; was prin- 
cipal of Newcastle academy, 1853-55, of the 
high school, Chicopee Falls, Mass., 1856-57, and 
president of Rutgers College for Women, New 
York city, 1858-71. In 1861 with Dr. Francis. 
Lieber and Judge White of New York he organ- 


1262) 


a a 


ene eat 
















































PIERCE 


ized the army ambulance corps and _ personally 
directed its work, 1861-62. He was married, 
- Noy. 9, 1855, to Mary Quimby, daughter of Joshua 
and ——(Stockbridge) Page of Bath, Me., and 
secondly, June 21, 1866, to Mary Jane, daughter 
of Col. Dennis and Mary H. (Stewart) Church of 
Riga, N.Y. He was manager of charcoal and 
iron manufacturing companies, Bangor and Elk 
Rapids, Mich., Nashville and Goodrich, Tenn., 
and Calera and Decatur, Ala., 1871-94, and was 
% president of the West Nashville Improvement 
- company, 1887-94. He invented processes for 
making acetate of lime and wood alcohol from 
the waste gases of charcoal kilns. He intro- 
duced wood alcohol on the commercial market 
and also became interested in the development of 
the phosphate industry. He made a number of 
inventions in connection with the iron and 
chemical industries for which 27 patents were 
issued to him. West Nashville, which city he 
founded in 1887, became the centre of extensive 
manufacturing industries. He received the hon- 
orary degree of LL.D. from Bucknell university, 
Lewisburg, Pa., 1866. He removed to Wash- 
ington, D.C., in 1890 and to Rochester, N.Y., in 
1894. He died at Ocala, Fla., Feb. 18, 1902. 

PIERCE, Henry Niles, fourth bishop of Arkan- 
sas and ninety-fifth in succession in the American 
episcopate, was born in Pawtucket, R.I., Oct. 19, 
1820; son of Benjamin B. and Susan (Walker) 
Pierce; grandson of Moses and Sarah (Bently) 
; : Pierce, and a de- 
scendant of Richard 
Pearce, Jr., born 1590, 
in Bristol, England, 
who came to this 
country about 1638, 
and resided in Ports- 
mouth, R.I. Henry 
N. Pierce was gradu- 
ated at Brown, A.B., 
* 1842, A.M., 1845. He 
was ordered deacon, 
April 25, 1848, and 
ordained priest, Jan. 
8, 1849, by Bishop 
Freeman in Christ 
- church, Matagorda, 
Tex. ; engaged in missionary work in Washing- 
ton county, Tex., 1849-52; was rector of Christ 
church, Matagorda, Tex., 1852-54 ; Trinity church, 
New Orleans, La., in 1854; St. Paul’s, Rahway, 
_N.J., 1855-57; St. John’s, Mobile, Ala., 1857-68, 
and St. Paul’s, Springfield, Ill., 1868-70. He 
_ was married, April 18, 1854, to Nannie Hayward, 
daughter of Abram and Eleanor (Wallace) 
_ Sheppard of Matagorda. He was elected mission- 
ary bishop of Arkansas and Indian Territory 
and was consecrated in Christ church, Mobile, 





PIERCE 


Ala., Jan. 25, 1870, by Bishops Green, White- 
house, R. H. Wilmer, Quintard, J. P. B. Wilmer 
and Young. In 1871 Arkansas was organized as 
a diocese, of which he became the first diocesan, 
and retained the charge of the missionary juris- 
diction of Indian Territory until 1893, when 
the territory became part of the missionary 
district of Oklahoma and Indian Territory. He 
received the degree D.D. from the University of 
Alabama in 1862 and from the University of the 
South in 1869, and that of LL.D. from William 
and Mary college in 1867. He is the author of 
published sermons, addresses, translations, mis- 
cellaneous pamphlets and The Agnostic and 
Other Poems (1884). He died at Fayetteville, 
Ark., Sept. 5, 1899. 

PIERCE, James Oscar, historian, was born at 
Oriskany Falls, N.Y., Feb. 8, 1836; son of James 
and Lucy (Barnes) Pierce; grandson of Stephen 
(a Revolutionary officer) and Abigail (Taylor) 
Pearce, and of Thomas Barnes, and a lineal de- 
scendant of John and Priscilla (Molines) Alden, 
and of Richard Warren, passengers on the May- 


flower, 1620; also of Edward Rossiter, assistant 


in the first government of Massachusetts Bay, 
1630. James Oscar Pierce attended the public 
schools of Syracuse, N.Y. He enlisted, April 20, 
1861, in the 1st Wisconsin volunteers for three 
months’ service: was admitted to the bar in 
Dodge county, Wis., in September, 1862, and was 
married, Sept. 14, 1862, to Ada, daughter of Wel- 
lington H. and Caroline (White) Butterfield. He 
re-entered the army, Sept. 27, 1862, as Ist lieu- 
tenant of the 29th Wisconsin volunteers ; was 
promoted major and assistant adjutant-general, 
May 8, 1863, serving on the staff of General B. M. 
Prentiss, and as his chief of staff participated in 
the battle of Helena, July 4, 1863. He was mus- 
tered out, Nov. 29, 1865, and took up the practice 
of law at Memphis, Tenn., where he resided until 
1886. He was appointed judge of the law court 
of Memphis, October, 1867, and elected judge of 
the circuit court of Shelby county, Tenn., 
August, 1878, which office he held for eight 
years. He was lecturer on constitutional juris- 
prudence and history in the College of Law in 
the University of Minnesota, 1888-1902, and in 
July, 1902, was chosen dean of the College of 
American History, a department of the National 
Memorial university, Mason City, Iowa, esta- 
blished in 1902. He was an active member of 
the Tennessee State Historical society and of the © 
Tennessee State Bar asssociation, 1875-86, and 
president of the Eclectic club of Memphis, 1876- 
86.. He was elected a member of the Minnesota 
Historical society in 1890; was president of the 
Bar association of Hennepin county, Minnesota, 
1901; a member of the Military Order of the 
Loyal Legion, and of several other patriotic socie- 


[263] 


PIERCE 


ties. He edited: Hutchinson on Carriers (1878), 
left unfinished by Judge Robert Hutchinson, 
and is the author of Fraudulent Mortgages of 
Merchandise (1884), and contributions to the 
Southern Law Review, Central Law Journal, and 
American Law Review. 

PIERCE, Jane Means Appleton, wife of Presi- 
dent Pierce, was born in Hampton, N.H., March 
12, 1806; daughter of the Rev. Jesse Appleton. 
She was married in 1834 to Franklin Pierce, and 
they had three children (sons), twoof whom died in 
infancy, the youngest son, Benjamin, when about 
thirteen years of age, was instantly killeg while 
en route from Boston to Concord, N.H., and near 
Andover, Mass., the car in which he sat with his 
parents being derailed, and both parents escaping 
without injury. Thisshock coming immediately 
before her husband's inauguration as President 
and her advent as mistress of the White House, 
greatly affected her health, which was not 
rugged, and she took up the cares and duties of 
her Washington life under great depression. 
Aside from her necessary duties as the first lady 
of Washington official life, which she performed 
with dignity and tact, she withdrew wholly 
from the gaieties and festivities of society. After 
her return to her home in Concord, she traveled 
three years with her husband in Europe, and 
died at Andover, Mass., Dec. 2, 1863. 

PIERCE, Lovick, clergyman, was born in 
Halifax county, N.C., March 17, 1785.’ He was 
taken by his parents to Barnwell district, $.C., 
where his school training was limited, amounting 
to about six months’ attendance at an ‘old field 
school.” He entered the Methodist ministry in 
1804, and removed to Greene county, Ga., in 1809, 
where he married a daughter of the Hon. George 
Wells Foster, attorney-at-law. He wasachaplain 
inthe army during the war of 1812; studied medi- 
cine in Philadelphia, and practised medicine and 
preached the gospel in Greensborough, Ga., for 
several years, and then devoted himself to the 
ministry altogether. He was a delegate to the 
general conferences of the Methodist church in 
1836, 1840 and 1844, and after the organization 
of the Methodist Episcopal church, south, was a 
delegate to its general conventions continuously 
up to the time of his death, his council being 
greatly valued. He took part in the Louisville 
conference of 1874, to which his son and grandson 
were also present as delegates. He continued to 
preach occasionally up to his ninety-fourth year. 
He received the degree of LL.D. from Randolph- 
Macon college in 1848, and was a trustee of that 
college, 1835-79. Tle published a series of theo- 
logical essays a short time before his death, 
which occurred at the residence of his son, Bishop 
George Foster Pierce (q.v.), near Sparta, Ga., 
when nearly 95 years of age, Nov. 9, 1879. 


PIERCE 


PIERCE, Rice Alexander, representative, was 
born in Weakley county, Tenn., July 3, 1849; son 
of Thomas M. Pierce. After attending the com- 
mon schools he enlisted in the Confederate army 
as a private in the 8th Tennessee cavalry regi- 
ment, under General Forrest, and was taken 
prisoner at Jackson, Tenn., in 1864, and confined 
till the close of the war. He attended the high 
school at London, Ontario, and was admitted to 
the bar of North Carolina in July, 1868. He was 
married in April, 1878, to Mary Hunter of Ham- 
burg, Mo. He was district attorney-general for 
the twelfth judicial cireuit of Tennessee, 1874-83, 
and a Democratic representative in the 48th con- 
gress, 1883-85, the 51st-52nd congresses, 1889-93, 
and in the 55th-58th congresses, 1897-1905. 

PIERCE, William, delegate, was born in 
Georgia about 1740. He received a liberal edu- 
cation, and engaged in merchandising as William 
Pierce & Co., Savannah, Ga. He was appointed 
captain of the 1st Continental artillery, Nov. 30, 
1776, served as aide-de-camp to General Nathanael 
Greene throughout the war, and on Oct, 29, 1781, 
received the thanks of congress, and was pre- 
sented with a sword for his meritorious conduct 
in the battle of Eutaw Springs, S.C. He con- 
tinued business in Savannah, Ga., 1783-88 ; repre- 
sented Chatham county in the Georgia legisla- 
ture ; was a delegate from Georgia to the Conti- 
nental congress, 1786-87, and was a member of 
the Convention of 1787, in Philadelphia, that 
framed the Federal constitution, but his ab- 
sence in New York, Sept. 17, 1787, prevented his 
signing the document. He was a vice-president 
of the Society of the Cincinnati at the time of 
his death. While in congress he prepared his 
impressions of the delegates, which were pub- 
lished in the Georgia Gazette of March 20, 1788, 
and form a part of the Peter Force collection in 
the Congressional library. He died in Savannah, 
Ga., Dec. 10, 1789. 

PIERCE, William Oscar, minister, author, 
and musician, was born in New Haven, Ohio, 
Oct. 28, 1835 ; son of Samuel Ransom and Sylvia 
Jane (Comstock) Pierce; grandson of Phineas 
and Annie (Kellog) Pierce and of Dr. James and 
Chloe (Beach) Comstock, and a descendant of 
Thomas Pierce, who emigrated from England in 
1633 and settled in Charlestown, Mass. He was 
graduated from the Ohio, Wesleyan university, 
A.B., 1859 ; A.M., 1862; was professor of Greek 
in Moore’s Hill college, Ind., 1861-62, and its 
president, 1862-64 ; in the pastorate, 1864-73 ; pro- 
fessor of Greek in Fort Wayne college, Ind., 1873- 
76; professor of Greek and Hebrew in Illinois 
Wesleyan university, 1876-79, and again in the 
pastorate, 1879-84 and 1887-90. Cornell college 
conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1878. 
He was editor of The Methodist Pulpit and Pew, 


[264] 






































PIERPONT 
-87. He wrote numerous hy Pats ene 


hymn of the Sons of Veterans, U.S.A. (1894); 
**Lincoln’s Prayer ” (1895); ‘‘ The Flag of the 
Rising Sun,” Japanese national hymn (1896), 
~ and ** No More Marching through Georgia” (1896). 
He is also the author of : The Church Republic, a 
~ Romance of Methodism (1882); On to Louisville 
(1895); De ’Pos'le Petah ub Kentucky, a Series of 
Sketches in the Darky Dialect (1902). 

PIERPONT, Francis Harrison, governor of 
Virginia, was born in Monongahela county, Va., 
Jan. 25, 1814; son of Francis and Catherine 
(Weaver) Pierpont; grandson of John and Anne 
(Morgan) Pierpont ; great-grandson of Zaquil 
Morgan; great?-grandson of Col. Morgan, who 
came from London to 
Delaware, and was an 
Episcopal clergyman 
as well as a soldier: 
and a descendant of 
William Pierrepont, 
one of the chief men- 
at-arms of William 
the Norman, through 
John Pierpont (Bos- 
ton, 1640; Roxbury, 
1656), founder of the 
name in America. 
Francis Harrison 
Pierpont removed to 
Fairmont, Va., with 
his parents in 1827, at- 
ieEnaed the public schoolsand assisted his father on 
the farm and in his tan-yard until 1835. He was 
‘graduated at Allegheny college, Meadville, Pa., in 
1839; taught school in Mississippi, 1841-42 ; was 
admitted to the Virginia bar in 1842; settled in 
_ practice in Fairmont; was a presidential elector 
on the Taylor ticket in 1848, and served as local 
council of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad com- 
pany for Marion and Taylor counties, 1848-56. 
‘He engaged in mining and shipping coal by rail 
in 18538, and later in the manufacture of fire 
bricks. He became prominent as an uncom- 
_ promising Union man, and at the convention at 
Wheeling, Va., in. 1861, was foremost in organiz- 
ing a provisional state government with Wheel- 
ing as the capital, and was chosen provisional 
governor of Virginia, holding this office for one 
year. He immediately organized twelve regi- 
‘ments of militia for service in the U.S. army ; 
Was governor of the loyal portion of Virginia 
with the capitolat Wheeling, 1861-63, and during 
this time put more than 40,000 Union troops in 
‘the field. West Virginia was .admitted to the 
Union as a separate state largely through his 
influence, June 19, 1863. He was governor of 
Virginia, 1863-68, and called the convention in 





PIERPONT 


February, 1864, which abolished slavery in the 
state, and at the fall of Richmond in May, 1865, 
removed the seat of government from Alexandria 
to that city, and soon had the state reorganized. 
He continued in office until April, 1868, his term 
having expired in January. He resumed the 
practice of law in Fairmont in 1868; represented 
Marion county in the West Virginia legislature 
in 1870, and served as U.S. collector of internal 
revenue under President Garfield. The legisla- 
ture of West Virginia caused his statue to be 
placed in Statuary Hall, Washington, D.C. He 
was married, Dec. 26, 1854, to Julia, daughter of 
the Rev. Samuel and Dorcas (Platt) Robertson 
of New York, and their daughter Anna (Pier- 
pont) Siviter, became an Oriental scholar and 
the author of Nehe, a picture of Persian court 
life during the reign of Artaxerxes. During the 
last years of his life, he resided with his daughter 
in Pittsburg, Pa.. where he died March 24, 1859, 
PIERPONT, James, clergyman, was born in 
Roxbury, Mass., Jan. 4, 1659; son of John and 
Thankful (Stow) Pierpont. John Pierpont emi- 
grated from London, England, to Boston, Mass., 
in 1640, became a freeman in 1652; settled on an 
estate of 300 acres_in Roxbury, Mass., in 1656; 
was a representative in the General Court in 1672, 
and died in Ipswich, Mass., 1682. James was grad- 
uated at Harvard, A.B., 1681, A.M., 1684; became 
pastor of the church at New Haven, Conn., in 
September, 1684, and was ordained July 2, 1685. 
He was associated with the Rev. Samuel Andrew 
and the Rev. Samuel Russell, in 1698, in laying 
plans which led to the founding of Yale college 
in 1701, and his representation of the needs for 
higher education in the colonies induced Elibu 
Yale to become its first benefactor. He was a 
fellow of Yale, 1701-14, and it is also stated that 
he read lectures to the students at Yale as pro- 
fessor of moral philosophy. He was a member 
of the committee that considered the complaints 
of England against. the colony in 1705, and fur- 
nished the agent there with directions and 
answers. He also drew up what became known 
as the Saybrook platform, adopted by the synod 
for the administration of church discipline in 
1708. He was married, first, Oct. 27, 1691, to 
Abigail, daughter of John and Abigail (Pierson) 
Davenport of New Haven; secondly, May 30, 
1694, to Sarah, daughter of the Rey. Joseph and 
Sarah (Lord) Haynes; and thirdly, July 26, 
1698, to Mary, daughter of the Rev. Thomas 
Hooker of Hartford, Conn. His portrait, 
painted in 1711, was presented to Yale by his 
descendant, Edwards Pierrepont, in 1887. His 
son John removed to Paulus Hook, N.J., about 
1770, and from there to Virginia, built a fort 
near Morgantown, married Anne Morgan, and 
was the grandfather of Francis Harrison Pier-- 


[265] 


- 


PIERPONT 


pont (q.v.) James Pierpont published Sundry 
False Hopes of Heaven, Discovered and Decryed, 
a sermon (1712). He died at New Haven, Conn., 
Nov. 22, 1714. 

PIERPONT, John, jurist, was born in Litch- 
field, Conn., Sept. 10, 1805; son of Daniel and 
Sarah (Phelps) Pierpont ; grandson of James and 
Anne (Sherman) Pierpont, and great-grandson 
of John and Thankful (Stow) Pierpont. He was 
taken to Rutland, Vt., in 1815, and resided with 
his brother, Judge Robert Pierpont (1791-1865). 
He was graduated at the Litchfield law school in 
1827, and practised in Pittsford, Vt., removing 
in 1832 to Vergennes, where he was married in 
1833 to Sarah M. Lawrence. He was register of 
probate, 1836-55, represented Vergennes in the 
state legislature in 1841, was a member of the 
state senate, 1855-57, and chairman of its judi- 
ciary committee for two years. He was an asso- 
ciate judge of the supreme? court of Vermont, 
1857-65, and chief justice, 1865-82. He died in 
Vergennes, Vt., Jan. 6, 1882. 

PIERREPONT, Edwards, jurist, was born in 
North Haven, Conn., March 4, 1817; son of Giles 
and Eunice (Munson) Pierrepont ; grandson of 
Jonathan Munson, and a descendant of John and 
Thankful (Stow) Pierpont. He was graduated 


at Yale, A.B., 1837, A.M., 1840, commenced the | 


study of law in Columbus, Ohio, and graduated 
at the New Haven law school in 1840. He was a 
tutor in Yale, 1840-41, settled in practice in 
Columbus, Ohio, in partnership with Phineas B. 
Wilcox, in 1842, and in 1845 removed to New 
York city and resumed practice. He was 
married, May 27, 1846, to Margaretta, daughter 
of Samuel A. Willoughby of Brooklyn, N.Y. He 
was judge of the superior court of New York 
city, 1857-60, and in 1862 was appointed by 
President Lincoln, in conjunction with General 
John A. Dix, to try the prisoners of state accused 
of political offences. He was an active member 
of the Union defence committee ; one of the 
three appointed to proceed to Washington to 
confer with the government, when all com- 
munication was cut off by the way of Balti- 
more after the attack on the Massachusetts 
troops in Baltimore, and he conducted, on the 
part of the government, the prosecution of John 
N. Surratt, indicted for aiding in the murder of 
President Lincoln; the Arkansas Hot Springs 
case, and the Pacific Railway case. He was a 
member of the state constitutional convention 
in 1867, serving on its judiciary committee. He 
was U.S. attorney for the southern district of 
New York, 1869-70; a member of the committee 
of seventy that fought the Tweed ring in 1870; 
declined the office of U.S. minister to Russia in 
1873, and was U.S. attorney-general in President 
Grant’s cabinet from April, 1875, until May, 1876, 


PIERSON 


when he accepted the appointment of U.S. 
minister to England, serving until 1878. He was 
secretary of legation and chargé d’affaires at Rome, 
1884-85. He was a founder, and for many years 
governor, of the Manhattan club. He received 
the degree of LL.D. from Columbian university, 
Washington, D.C., in 1871, and from Yale in 
18738, and that of D.C.L. from Oxford univer- 
sity, England, in 1878. He is the author of 
political and literary orations, published in 
pamphlet form. He died in New York city, 
March 7, 1892 

PIERSON, Abraham, educator, was born in 
Lynn, Mass., in 1645; son of the Rev. Abraham 
Pierson (1608-1678), who emigrated from York- 


‘shire, England, in 1639, and settled successively 


in Boston, Mass., Long Island, N.Y., Branford, 
Conn., and Newark, N.J.; was most successful 
in his efforts toconvert the Indians, and prepared 
an Indian catechism (1654). Abraham Pierson, 
Jr., was graduated from Harvard in 1668, and 
was ordained to tha ministry in 1669. He was 
assistant to his father at Newark, N.J., 1672-78 ; 
pastor 1678-91, and was appointed pastor at Kill- 
ingworth, Conn., in 1694. Ha was associated 
with the Rev. James Pierpont (q.v.) in the 
revival of the plan to form, 
found and govern a college 
in New Haven. A charter 
was drafted and after the 


legislature had convened 
Oct. 9, 1701; an act’ was 
passed giving them _ the 


liberty to erect a collegiate 
school. It was first estab- 
lished at Saybrook with 
Abraham Pierson as rector, | 
in 1701, which office he con- 
tinued until his death. The 
office did not entitle him to 
membership in the Corpora- 
tion, but he was one of the 
eleven trustees constituted 5 
by the charter of 1701. He composed a system 
of natural philosophy, and published an Elec- 
tion Sermon (1700). A bronze statue by Launt 
Thompson was erected to his memory on the 
Yale grounds in 1874. He died in Killingworth, 
Conn., March 5, 1707. 

PIERSON, Arthur Tappan, editor, was born in 
New York city, March 6, 1837; son of Stephen 
H. and Sally Ann (Wheeler) Pierson of New 
York and Newark, N.J., and a descendant of the 
same ancestors to whom the Rey. Dr. Abraham 
Pierson, first president of Yale college, belonged. 
He was graduated from Hamilton college, N.Y., 
A.B., 1857, A.M., 1860, and studied at the Union 
Theological seminary, N.Y., 1857-60. He was 
ordained by the presbytery of New York, May 








[266] 











PIERSON 












































13, 1860, and was married July 12, 1860, to Sarah 
Frances, daughter of Williston H. Benedict of 
ave ioek. He was pastor of the Congregational 
church at Binghamton, N.Y., 1860-63; pastor of 
the Presbyterian church at Waterford, N.Y., 
1863-69; of the Fort Street Presbyterian phtirok 
at Detroit, Mich., 1869-82 ; of the Second Presby- 
terian church at Indianapolis, Ind., 1882-83; of 
the Bethany Presbyterian church at Philadel- 
- phia, Pa., 1883-91, and acting pastor of the 
fetropolitan Tabernacle, London, England, 1891- 
93. He gave a special lecture course on missions 
at Rutgers college in 1891, and in the university 
of Scotland in 1892 as Duff Lecturer. In 1888 he 
became editor of the Missionary Review of the 
World. The honorary degree of D.D. was con- 
ferred on him by Knox college in 1874. He is 
the author of : Crisis of Missions (1886); Keys to 
the Word (1887); Many Infallible Proofs (1889) ; 
ngelistic Work (1890); The One Gospel (1891) ; 
‘The Heart of the Gospel (1892); Divine Enter- 
prise of Missions (1892); Miracles of Missions 
(1892-1902); The Divine Art of Pr eaching (1898) ; 
_ Stumbling Blocks Removed (1893); New Acts of 
the Apostles (1893); The Heights of the Gospel 
(1893); Hopes of the Gospel (1893); Life Power 
(1894); Lessons in the School of Prayer (1896); 
Seven Years in Sierra Leone (1896); In Christ 
~ Jesus (1897); Shall We Continue in Sin? (1898); 
Acts of the Holy Spirit (1898); Catherine of 
Sienna (1899); George Miller of Bristol (1899); 
Forward Movements (1900); Seed Thoughts for 
Public Speakers (1901); The Modern Mission 
Century (1902) ; The Gordian Knot (1902) and 
e ontributions to periodical literature. 
PIERSON, Hamilton Wilcox, educator, was 
Rev. Josiah Pierson; grandson of Samuel and 
becca (Parmele) Pierson, and descendant of 
Rev. Abraham Pierson of Yorkshire, Eng- 
who was graduated from Trinity college, 
mbridge, in 1632, and came to America in 
9 “in pursuit of religious freedom.” Hamil- 
m Wilcox was graduated from Union college, 
Y., in 1843; was agent of the American Bible 
30¢; ety, Alexandria, Va., 1848-45; was graduated 
from the Union epaldicat seminary in 1848, 
and. on account of ill health, traveled in the 
terest of the American Bible society, 1848-49. 
He 1c 2 was ordained by the presbytery of New York, 
d ie 18, 1853; was agent of the American Bible 
ety in the West Indies, 1849-50, and at 
sville, Ky., 1853-58. He was president of 
verland college, Princeton, Ky., 1858-61; 
gent of the American Tract society, Washing- 
or DC., 1861-62 ; secretary of the United States 
Jhristian society at Toledo, Ohio, and taught 
ol in Virginia and Georgia, 1863 69. He 
ito California for his health in 1875, and 


born in Bergen, N.Y., Sept. 22, 1817; son of the’ 


PIKE 


engaged in literature and travel, 1877-85. He 
was state librarian at Columbus, Ohio, 1885-88. 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by Union college in 1860. He edited The 
American Missionary Memorial (1858), and isthe 
author of : Thomas Jefferson at Monticello (1862) ; 
In the Brush (1881). He died in Bergen, N.Y., 
Sept. 7, 1888. 

PIERSON, Henry R., educationist, was born 
in Charleston, Montgomery county, N.Y., June 
13, 1819; son of Rufus Pierson, and a descendant 
of Henry Pierson of Southampton, L.I. He was 
graduated from Union college, N.Y., in 1846, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1848, practising his 
profession in Brooklyn, N.Y., 1849-60. He was 
elected president of the Brooklyn City Railroad 
Company in 1860; was a member of the board of 
education, Brooklyn, N.Y., president of the 
board of aldermen for several terms during his 
residence in Brooklyn, 1849-69, and state senator 
1867-68. He was elected financial agent of the 
Chicago and Northwestern Railroad company, 
Chicago, IlJ., in 1871, later becoming its superin- 
tendent and vice-president. He was elected 
resident executive director of the New York 


‘Central and Hudson River Railroad company at 


Albany, N.Y., in 1871; was a member of the state 
assembly, 1873, and served as chairman of its 
committees on cities and on railroads, and in 
1875 he established a banking house at Albany. 
He wasa trustee of Union college 1871-72; of 
the Albany Medical college, and of Dudley 
Observatory, anda regent of the University of the 
State of New York, 1872-90, having been elected to 
succeed Erastus Corning. Hesucceeded Erastus 
C. Benedict as vice-chancellor, serving 1878-81, 
and became chancellor in 1881 on the death 
of Chancellor Benedict. The honorary degree 
of LL.D. was conferred on him by Union college 
in 1874. He died in Albany, N.Y., Jan. 1, 1890. 

PIKE, Albert, soldier, was born in Boston, 
Mass., Dec. 29, 1809. He removed with his 
parents to Newburyport, Mass. ; attended Har- 
vard college, 1825-26 ; taught at Fairhaven and 
Newburyport, Mass., and in 1831 traveled the 
unexplored regions of the West. In August, 1831, 
he connected himself with a caravan of ten 
wagons under Capt. Charles Bent, traveling to 
Santa Fé, where he obtained employment as a 
clerk. In September, 1832, he joined a party of 
trappers down the Pecos river and into the 
Staked Plains, and with four companions traveled 
on foot to Fort Smith, Ark., reaching there Dec. 
10, 1832. He engaged in teaching at Van Buren 
and on Little Piney river, and contributed articles 
to the Little Rock Advocate, of which paper he 
became assistant editor in 1834, and owner. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1835, and sold his 
paper in 1836. Upon the outbreak of the Mexican 


[267] 


PIKE 


war he recruited a company of cavalry and was at- 
tached to Col. Charles May’s regiment of mounted 
volunteers at the battle of Buena Vista. In 
command of a company of forty-one men he rode 
from Saltillo to Chihuahua, Mex., receiving the 
surrender of the city of Mapimi on the way. He 
returned to his extensive law practice in 1849, 
and transferred his office to New Orleans in 1853, 
returning to Arkansas in 1857. As attorney for 
the Choctaw Indians he obtained the award of 
$2,981,247 from the U.S. government. 
beginning of the civil war he was appointed 
Confederate commissioner to negotiate treaties 
of alliance with the Indians. He was appointed 
a brigadier-general, C.S.A., commanded the 
department of the Indian Territory and organized 
brigades of Indians which he commanded at the 
battles of Pea Ridge and Elkhorn. In 1866 he 
removed to Memphis, Tenn., where he edited the 
Appeal, 1867-68 ; and after 1868 he practised in 
Washington, D.C. He was grand commander of 
the supreme council of the thirty-third degree 
Masons, and was also grand commander of the 
royal order of Scottish Rite Masons. He is the 
author of : Prose Sketches and Poems (1834); 
Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Arkan- 
sas (5 vols., 1840-45); Arkansas Form Book 
(1845); Nuge, poems (1854), two other collec- 
tions of poems (1873 and 1882); Masonic Statutes 
and Regulations (1859); Morals and Dogma of 
Freemasonry (1870). He also wrote numerous 
Masonic rituals, and a reply to Pope Leo XIII’s 
bull against Masonry. He died in Washington, 
D.C., April 2, 1891. 

PIKE, Austin Franklin, senator, was born at 
Hebron, N.H., Oct. 16, 1819; son of Uriah and 
Mary (Page) Pike. Heattended Holmesacademy, 
Plymouth ; studied law at Franklin, with George 
W. Nesmith, 1841-45 ; and practised in partner- 
ship first with his preceptor, and later with 
Daniel Barnard, Isaac N. Blodgett, and Frank N. 
Parsons. He was married, in 1850, to Caroline 
White. He was a representative in the state 
legislature, 1850-52 and 1865-66, being speaker of 
the house, 1865-66. He was a delegate to the 
Republican national convention of 1856; a mem- 
ber of the state senate, 1857-58, and its president 
in 1858; chairman of the Republican state com- 
mittee, 1858-60; a Republican representative in 
the 48rd congress, 1873-75, and U.S. senator, 
1888-86. The honorary degree of A.M. was 
conferred on him by Dartmouth in 1858. He 
died at Franklin, N.H., Oct. 8, 1886. 

PIKE, Frederick Augustus, representative, 
was born in Calais, Maine, Dec. 9, 1817. He was 
graduated at Bowdoin college in 1839; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1840, and practised at Calais. 
He was a representative in the state legislature 
eight terms, and a Republican representative in 


At the. 


PIKE 


the 37-40th congresses, 1861-69, serving as chair- 
man of the naval committee for six years. He 
was again a representative in the state legisla- 
ture, 1870-71 ; and a member of the state consti- 
tutional convention in 1875. He was married in 
1846 to Mary Hayden Green, author of Ida May 
(1854) ; Caste (1856) ; and Agnes (1858). Mr. 
Pike died in Calais, Maine, Dec. 2, 1886. 

PIKE, James Shepherd, diplomatist, was born 
in Calais, Maine, Sept. 8, 1811. He attended the 
public schools, engaged in the mercantile busi- 
ness in 1826, and later devoted himself to journal- 
ism. He was Washington correspondent and 
associate editor of the New York Tribune, 1850- 
60, and was a strong anti-slavery partisan. He 
was U.S. minister to the Netherlands, 1861-66 ; 
and supported Horace Greeley for the presidency 
in 1872. He bequeathed to the public library at 
Calais, Maine, $15,000, on condition that no book 
should be purchased until it had been published 
ten years. He is the author of : The Restoration 
of the Currency (1868) ; The Financial Crisis, its 
Evils and Their Remedy (1867) ; Horace Greeley 
in 1872 (1878); The Prostrate State (1874) ; The 
New Puritan (1879); The First Blows of the Civil 
War (1879). Hedied in Calais, Me., Nov. 29, 1882. 

PIKE, Maria Louisa, naturalist, was born in 
England ; daughter of Benjamin Hadley, British 
Commissioner to South Africa. She was private 
secretary to her father for several years, and em- 
ployed much of her spare time in studying and 
making sketches of the flora of South Africa. 
She went to the island of Mauritius in 1870 and 
became acquainted with Nicholas Pike, U.S. 
consul, who was making a scientific research 
for natural history specimens for the Agassiz. 
museum, Cambridge, Mass. She assisted him in 
the classification of over 800 species of fish, of 
which she made many colored sketches, She 
was married to Mr. Pike in 1875, and removed 
to America, where she contributed frequently 
to the Scientific American, American Agricul- 
turist, and American Garden. She reproduced 
in colors a large collection of spiders made by 
her husband, and 
set of pen-and-ink drawings of North American 
snakes. She was a member of the Brooklyn 
Institute of Arts and Sciences. She died in 
Brooklyn, N.Y., March 23, 1892. 

PIKE, Zebulon Montgomery, soldier, was 
born in Lamberton, N.J., Feb. 5, 1779; son of 
Maj. Zebulon Pike (1751-1834) of the patriot. 
army. The Pike family resided in New Jersey 
for several generations, one ancestor, Capt. John 
Pike, acquiring his military title in Indian war- 
fare. Zebulon Pike removed with his parents to 
Bucks county, Pa., and later to Easton. He was 
ensign in his father’s regiment on the western 
frontier, and was promoted lieutenant in the Ist 


[268] 


also made a nearly complete 





ot aa 















































PILE 


regiment U.S. infantry in November, 1799. He 
as married in March, 1801, to Clarissa, daughter 
of General John Brown of Kentucky. Upon the 
organization of Louisiana Territory in 1805, he 
was ordered on an expedition to explore and 
trace the head waters of the Mississippi. He 
em arked at St. Louis, Aug. 9, 1805, with twenty 
‘men, and after nine months’ labor succeeded in 
discovering what he pronounced to be the source 
of the river. He was 
appointed by General 
Wilkinson to lead an 
exploring party into 
the interior of the 
newly-acquired terri- 
tory, and during this 
expedition discovered 
Pike’s Peak in the 
Rocky mountains. 
The party reached 
the Rio del Norte, and 
being found on Span- 
ish territory they 
were taken to Santa 
Fe, where  Pike’s 
papers were taken 
from him. ‘After a long examination he was re- 
eased. and arrived at Natchitoches, July 1, 1807, 
where he was commended by the U.S. government 
for his ‘‘ zeal, perseverance, and intelligence.” 
He was promoted captain in 1806; major in 1808 ; 
lieutenant-colonel in 1809 ; deputy quartermaster- 
general in 1812 ; colonel of 15th infantry July 6, 
1812; and brigadier-general March 12, 1813. Upon 
the outbreak of the war of 1812 he was appointed 
uljutant and inspector-general of the army, and 
col eeanded the expedition against York, Upper 
nada, in April, 1813. He landed with 1,500 
troops April 27, 1813, and captured one of the 
redoubts, and while making arrangements for a 
further attack, an explosion took place in the 
sh magazine, and General Pike was fatally 
ured by the falling stones. See An Account 
wo Expeditions to the Sources of the Missis- 
pi (2 vols., 1810), 
‘ished a new edition (3 yols., 1895). 
York, Canada, April 27, 1813. 
PILE, William A., soldier, was born near 
lianapolis, Ind., Feb. 11, 1829. He became a 
ister of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
ining the Missouri conference. In 1861 he 
enlisted in the Federal army as chaplain of a 
egiment of Missouri volunteers. He commanded 
a ight battery in 1862: a regiment of infantry 
n 1863; and was promoted brigadier-general of 
oh ee Dec. 26, 1863. He saw service at 
0 , Vicksburg, and Mobile, and was mus- 
me r Pact of the volunteer service Aug. 24, 1865, 
4e was a Republican representative from Mis- 


He died in 


of which Elliott Coues pub-. 


PILLOW 


souri in the 40th congress, 1867-69 ; was defeated 
for the 41st congress in 1868; was governor of 
New Mexico, 1869-70, by appointment of Presi- 
dent Grant, and U.S. minister to Venezuela, 1871- 
74. He died at Monrovia, Cal., July 7, 1889. 
PILLING, James Constantine, ethnologist, 
was born in Washington, D.C., Nov. 16, 1846. 
He attended Gonzaga college ; joined Maj. J. W. 
Powell’s Rocky Mountain surveying expedition 
in 1875, and began a work of tabulating the 
vocabularies of the Indian tribes and collecting 
data concerning their mythology. In 1880 he 
was elected chief clerk of the bureau of eth- 
nology, and upon the appointment of Major 
Powell to the office of chief of the geological 
survey, he became chief clerk, in which office 
he continued until his death. He was an autho- 


-rity on North American Indian bibliography, 


and is the author of bibliographies of the 
Languages of the North American Indians (1885); 
Eskimo Language (1887) ; Siouan Languages 
(1887) ; LIroquoian Langwages (1888); Muskho- 
gean Languages (1889) ; Salishan Languages 
(1898) ; Wakashan Languages (1894) ;. Mexican 


‘Language (1895) ; and memoirs on ethnological 


subjects. He died in Olney, Md., July 26, 1895, 

PILLOW, Gideon Johnson, soldier, was born 
in Williamson county, Tenn., July 8, 1806; son 
of Gideon and Annie (Payne) Pillow ; grandson 
of John and Mary (Johnson) Pillow, al of Josiah 
Paine, a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and 
great-grandson of Jaspar Pillow, who emigrated 
from England in 1740, and settled in the Virginia 
colony. His paternal grandfather and his two 
great-uncles, Jaspar and William Pillow, were 
Revolutionary soldiers and were present at the 
surrender of Cornwallis, andishis father was a 
soldier under General Jackson, and was conspicu- 
ous in the attack on the Indian fortress Nicka- 
jack. Gideon John- 
son Pillow was grad- 
uated from the Uni- 
versity of Nashville 
in 1827, studied law 
under Judge W. E. 
Kennedy and Wil- 
liam L. Brown, es- 
tablished himself in 
practice in Columbia, 4 
Tenn., and became a ee 
prominent member of : 
the Tennessee bar. 
He was a member of 
the staff of Gov. 
William Carroll, with 
the rank of brigadier 
general, 1829-85, a delegate to the Democratic 
national convention of 1844, and afterward made 
a canvass for James K. Polk. Upon the out- 





(269] 


PILLOW 


break of the war with Mexico, he was commis- 
sioned brigadier-general, U.S. army, July 13, 1846, 
and reported with a brigade of Tennessee volun- 
teers to General Taylor, at Camargo, Mexico. He 
was engaged at the battle of Vera Cruz, where he 
was complimented for gallantry; Cerro Gordo, 
where he was severely wounded and was commis- 
sioned major-general, and during the campaign 
that followed was second in command, He was 
present at Contreras, Cherubusco and Chapulte- 
pec, and at the latter place his ankle was crushed 
by a grape shot and he was in hospital for three 
months. He favored pressing the Mexican army 
to the extreme boundary of the country, making 
the final capitulation beyond the Sierra Madre, 
which became known as the ‘ Pillow line ” and 
wasafterward admitted by military experts to be 
correct. He was later arrested by General Scott, 
on charges of insubordination, but was com- 
pletely vindicated by the court of inquiry. He 
returned to his home in Maury county, Tenn., 
relinquished his law practice and engaged ex- 
tensively in farming in Tennessee and Arkansas. 
He was a delegate to the Southern convention 
held at Nashville in 1850, and favored a conserva- 
tive policy. At the Democratic national con- 
vention of 1852 he received twenty-five votes for 
nomination for vice president. He opposed sec- 
ession until the outbreak of the civil war, when 
he was appointed by Gov. Isham G. Harris major- 
general in the provisional army of Tennessee, May 
9, 1861. He organized a force of 35,000 men, and 
on July 9, 1861, was commissioned brigadier- 
general in the Confederate army. He commanded 
the Confederate forces stationed at Belmont, Mo., 
and on Noy. 7, 1861, an attack was made on the 
town by General Grant. Afterasevere battle last- 
ing the entire day he found that he was unable to 
hold his position and attempted to dislodge the 
concealed Federal force by a series of gallant 
charges. These proving of noavail, he was obliged 
to retreat. In the battle of Fort Donelson, he 
ranked second in command of the Confederate 
forces. He reached Fort Donelson Feb. 9, 1862, 
and on Feb, 14, 1862, the battle with the Federal 
gun boats was fought. On the 15th the situation 
was debated by General Floyd and his chiefs of 
brigade, and an immediate attack was decided 
upon against the advance of General Pillow. 
After the Confederate defeat he was relieved of 
his command and assigned to post duty until the 
close of the war, While on a visit to General 
Bragg at Murfreesboro, Tenn., he was given a 
temporary command in the battle of Murfrees- 
boro, and took part in the famous charge of 
General Breckinridge. At the close of the war 
he returned to Tennessee and found his estates 
devastated. He engaged in farming, but in 1868 
he formed a law partnership in Memphis, Tenn., 


[270] 


PILLSBURY 







































with Isham G. Harris. His last years were spent 
in a vain effort to pay off his debts incurred 
during the war. He was married to Mary Martin 
of Columbia, Tenn. He died on the Mound Plan- 
tation, Phillips county, Ark., Oct. 8, 1878. 
PILLSBURY, John Sargent, governor of 
Minnesota, was born in Sutton, N.H., July 29, 
1828; son of John and Susan (Wadleigh) Pills- 
bury ; grandson of Caleb and Sarah (Sargent) 
Pillsbury and of Benjamin Wadleigh ; and a de- 
scendant of William Pillsbury, who came from 
England to Boston in 1640; 
and of Capt. Thomas Wad- 
leigh of Exeter, son of Robert 
Wadleigh, member of Pro- 
vincial Legislature of Mass- 
achusetts. John Sargent 
Pillsbury engaged in various 
pursuits in New Hampshire 
and in 1855 he established a hardware store at the 
village of St. Anthony, (now Minneapolis) Minne- 
sota. He was married, Nov. 38, 1856, to Mahala, 
daughter of Capt. John Fiske of Warner, N.H. 
The burning of his store in 1857 and the hard times 
ensuing did not prevent his success in this as in 
every other business venture. In 1872 he engaged 
in the flour milling business in Minneapolis, be- 
coming a partner in the firm of Charles A. Pills- 
bury and Co., and subsequently one of the organ-— 
izers of Pillsbury-Washburn Flour Mills company. — 
He was state senator, 1864-76 ; and governor of the 
state of Minnesota for three consecutive terms, 
1876-82, saving the state from repudiation, by a 
settlement of the state railroad bonds. He built 
and presented a town hall to the village of Sut- 
ton, N.H., in 1893 ; gave tothe Home for Children 
and Aged Women of Minneapolis, in the name of 
his wife, an endowment fund of $100,000 in 1899 ; 
presented an expensive library building to East 
Minneapolis, Minn., in 1900, and a Girls’ Home to’ 
the city of Minneapolis in 1901. He wasa regent — 
of the University of Minnesota, 1863-1901 ; built 
and presented Science Hall to the university in 
1889, and in 1897 he was made life regent. He 
died in Minneapolis, Minn., Oct. 18, 1901. 
PILLSBURY, Parker, abolitionist. was bornin | 
Hamilton, Mass., Sept. 22, 1809; son of Dea. 
Oliver and Anna (Smith) Pillsbury. He was 
brought up on his father’s farm in Henniker, 
N.H.; and in 1830-83 resided in Lynn, Mass., but: 
returned to Henniker in 1833 and resumed his 
farm work until 1835. He was graduated from 
Gilmanton Theological seminary, 1838 ; attended 
Andover Theological seminary, 1838-39 ; and was 
ordained to the Congregational ministry in 1839. 
He was stated supply at the Congregational 
church, London, N.H., 1889-40; abandoned the 
ministry in 1840; and became a member of 
band of abolition lecturers, representing the Nev 





PINCHBACK 


























































a npshire, Massachusetts and American Anti- 
Javery societies. He delivered anti-slavery lec- 
s in England, 1853-55 ; and was editor of the 
Sei of Freedom at Concord, N.H., in 1840 and 
a 46, and of the National Anti-Slavery Stand- 
re , New York city, in 1866. After the legal 
abo! Eiiaient of slavery, he devoted himself to the 
vi oman suffrage cause and with Susan B, Anthony 
and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, edited The Revolu- 
lion in New York city. He later became a 
preacher to free religious societies in Ohio, 
Michigan, and other western states. He was mar- 
ied to Sarah H., daughter of Dr. John L. and 
ie (Wilkins) Sargent. She died March 8, 1898, 
ving one daughter. He is the author of Acts 
he Anti-Slavery Apostles (1883) and many 
pamphlets on reform subjects. He died in Con- 
ord, N.H., July 7, 1898. 
-PINCHBACK, Pinckney Benton Stewart, 
p tian, was born in Macon, Ga., May 10, 1837 ; 
on of William and Eliza Pinchback. His father 
white and his mother a mulatto. He re- 
moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, with his parents, and 
nis father dying when he was eleven years old, 
he found employment on a river steamboat. He 
married in 1860 to Nina, daughter of Ann 
Hothorn, a native of New Orleans, La. Upon 
the outbreak of the civil war he was within the 
Confederate lines, ran the blockade in 1862, at 
y Yazoo City, and enlisted in the Ist Louisiana 
4 unteers at New Orleans. He was appointed 
captain in the 2d Louisiana native guards in 
1862, and resigned on account of the existing 
P Derdibe against colored officers. General 
Banks, however, authorized him to recruit a 
npany of cavalry from his own race, but re- 
el to commission him in it on account of 
or. He was a delegate to the reconstruc- 
tion convention of 1867; state senator in 1868 ; 
a delegate to the Republican national conven- 
ion of 1868 and in April, 1869, was appointed 
ter of the land office at New Orleans. He 
lished the New Orleans Louisianian Dec. 
), 1870, and organized a company to establish 
amboat line on the Mississippi river. He 
elected president pro-tempore of the state 
te, became lieutenant-governor on the death 
Lieut.-Goy. Oscar Dunn, Dec. 6, 1871, and 
ict ng governor during the impeachment trial 
f Governor Warmoth, December and January, 
872-73. He was nominated for governor by the 
ublican party in 1872, but withdrew in the 
st of harmony, and was nominated and 
lected representative to congress from the state 
it large in November, 1872. He was chosen U.S. 
nator by the Republican legislature in 1873, 
s seat was refused him by the senate, and 
iS Prarant, 1873-77, although he received the 
y due a senator from Louisiana for the time 


PINCKNEY 


he was before the senate. He was commissioner 
from Louisiana to the Vienna exposition in 1873 ; 
a member of the state board of education, 1877- 
80; a delegate to the state constitutional conven- 
tion in 1879, and surveyor of customs of New 
Orleans in 1882. He was graduated from the 
law department of Straight university, New 
Orleans. La., in 1886; was admitted to the bar 
the same year, and practised in New Orleans, 
where he was a trustee of Southern university, 
1883-86, and afterward in Washington, D.C. 
He was a delegate to every Republican national 
convention from 1868 to 1900. 

PINCHOT, Gifford, forester, was born in 
Simsbury, Conn., Aug. 11, 1865; son of James 
Wallace and Mary (Eno) Pinchot; and grandson 
of Cyril Constantine Desiré and Eliza (Cross) 
Pinchot, and of Amos Richards and Lucy (Phelps) 
Eno. He graduated from Yale in 1889, and 
studied the science of forestry in France, Ger- 
many, Switzerland and Austria. He inaugu- 
rated the first piece of regular forest manage- 
ment in America on the estate of George W. 
Vanderbilt at Biltmore, near Asheville, N.C., in 
January, 1892, and later opened an office as 
consulting forester in-New York city. In 1895 
he became a member of a committee of the 
National Academy of Sciences, appointed to re- 
commend a forest policy for the United States. 
In 1897 he made for the secretary of the interior 
an examination and a report upon the national 
forest reserves. He became forester of the U.S. 
department of agriculture July 1, 1898, and on 
July 1, 1901, the division of forestry of that 
department was raised to a bureau, of which he 
became the first chief. In collaboration with 
Prof. Henry S. Graves, director of the Yale 
Forest school, he is the author of: The White 
Pine (1896) and The Adirondack Spruce (1898). 
Independently, he is the author of a Primer of 
Forestry, issued by the U.S. Department of Agri- 
culture, and of numerous minor publications, 

PINCKNEY, Charles, senator, was born in 
Charleston, S.C., March 9, 1758; son of Charles 
Pinckney and grandson of William Pinckney. 
His father was president of the South Carolina 
convention in 1775; president of the senate in 
1779, and of the council in 1782. Charles Pinck- 
ney, jr., was admitted to the bar in 1780, and 
was a representative in the provincial legislature 
of South Carolina. When Charleston fell into 
the hands of the British he was taken prisoner 
and held at St. Augustine, Fla., until the close 
ofthe war. Ue established himself in the prac- 
tice of law in Charleston; was elected to the 
Provincial congress in 1785 and in 1787 was a dele- 
gate to the convention that framed the United 
States constitution. He submitted the draft 
of a proposed instrument, which was accepted 


: [271] 





PINCKNEY 


by the committee, some of its provisions being 
used, and he signed the constitution when 
drafted. He was a delegate to, and president 
of, the South Carolina convention in 1788, where 
he strongly advised the ratification of the Federal 
constitution. He was governor of South Caro- 
lina, 1789-92 and 1796-98; and U.S. senator, 
1798-1802, completing the 
term of John Hunter, re- 
signed, and being re-elected 
for a full term to expire 
March 3, 1803, but resigning 
in 1801, Thomas Sumter com- 
pleting his term. He was 
U.S. minister to Spain 1802- 
05, and during his residence in Spain negotiated a 
release of all the Spanish titles to lands purchased 
from France by the United States. He was again 
governor of South Carolina, 1806-08 ; representa- 
tive in the state legislature, 1810 and 1812 ; sup- 
ported the war of 1812, and was a representative in 
the 16th congress, 1819-21, where he vigorously op- 





posed the Missouri compromise. He is the author 


of aseries of political addresses under the signa- 
ture ‘“ Republican ” (1800), and published several 
papers denouncing the alien and sedition laws. 
The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on 
him by the College of New Jersey in 1787. He 
died in Charleston, 8.C., Oct. 29, 1824. 
PINCKNEY, Charles Cotesworth, statesman, 
was born in Charleston, S.C., Feb. 25, 1746; son 
of Judge Charles and Eliza (Lucas) Pinckney. 
He attended Westminster school, Eng., in 1753, 
and was graduated 
from Christ church, 
Oxford, studied law 
at the Middle Temple 
and attended the 
Royal Military acad- 
emy, Caen, France, 
until 1769, when he 
returned to Charles- 
ton, S.C. He was 
married to a _ sister 
Arthur Middleton, 
(q.v.) He was attor- 
ney-general; a dele- 
gate to the first pro- 
vincial congress in 
1775 ; joined the pa- 
triot army as captain of infantry, and was pro- 
moted major in December, 1775. He was pre- 
sent at the defence of Fort Sullivan, June 28, 
1776; was promoted colonel, Sept. 16, 1776, and 
was appointed aide-de-camp to General Washing- 
ton, taking part in the battles of Brandywine, 
Germantown, and in the expedition to Florida 
in 1778. He was a member of the South Carolina 
senate in January, 1779, was engaged in the 





om 


PINCKNEY 















































defence of Charleston ; commanded the second — 
column in the assault on Savannah and com- 
manded Fort Moultrie in the attack on Charles- 
ton, in April, 1780. When the city was surrend- — 
ered in May, 1780, he was taken prisoner and was 
confined for two years. On his exchange, in 
1782, he rejoined the army, was commissioned 
brigadier-general in 1783, and returned to the 
practice of law in Charleston. He was a member 
of the constitutional convention of 1787, and of 
the state convention that ratified the constitu- — 
tion in 1790. He declined the portfolios of war 
and state, and in 1796 was appointed U.S. minister 
to France, but was refused recognition by the 
French directory and requested to withdraw. It 
was while on this mission that he made the 
famous remark, ‘‘ millions for defence, but not 
one cent for tribute.” On his return to the 
United States he was commissioned major- 
general. He was the Federalist candidate for 
vice-president of the United States in 1800, and 
for president in 1804 and 1808, and was first pre- 
sident of the board of trustees of South Carolina 
college ; president of the Charleston Bible society, 
and third president-general of the Society of the 
Cincinnati. His name in Class M, Rulers and 
Statesmen, received four votes for a place in the 
Hall of Fame for Great Americans, New York 
university, October, 1900. He died in Charles- | 
ton, S.C., Aug. 16, 1825. 

PINCKNEY, Charles Cotesworth, clergyman, 
was born in Charleston, 8.C., July 31, 1812; son — 
of Charles Cotesworth and Caroline (Elliott) — 
Pinckney ; grandson of Maj.-Gen. Thomas (q.v.) || 
and Elizabeth (Motte) Pinckney. and of William 
and Phoebe (Waight) Elliott. He was graduated 
valedictorian from the College of Charleston, A.B. 
1831, A,M., 1834; from the Virginia theolog- 
ical seminary, Alexandria, and was admitted to 
the diaconate Feb. 15, 1835, and advanced to the 
priesthood, Oct. 28, 1836. He was rector of St. — 
James’s, Santee, and Christ church, Greenville, 
1835-45; assistant at Grace church, Charleston, 
1850-54, and rector 1854-98. In 1899 a tablet was 
erected in Grace church to his memory. He was 
a member of the board of trustees of the College 
of Charleston, his term expiring, 1900, and he re 
ceived the degree of LL.D. from that institution 
in 1870. He was president of the Historical 
Society of South Carolina, and of the Society of 
the Cincinnati of the State of South Carolina. He 
died at Flat Rock, N.C., Aug. 12, 1898. 

PINCKNEY, Thomas, soldier and diplomatist 
was born in Charleston, S.C., Oct. 23, 1750; son 
of Chief-Justice Charles and Eliza (Lucas) Pinck- 
ney, and grandson of Thomas and Mary (Cotes- 
worth) Pinckney, and of Col. George and Anne 
Lucas, and a descendant of Thomas Pinckney, 
who came to Charleston, S,C., ‘April, 1692. He 


PINGREE 










































was sent to England with his brother Charles 
Cotesworth, in i753, and attended Westminster 
~ school and Oxford university. He studied law 
- in the Temple ; was admitted to the bar in 1773, 
and established himself in practice in Charleston, 
§.C., in 1774. He joined the Continental army 
on the outbreak of the Revolutionary war and 
was commissioned lieutenant in 1775. He served 
as aide-de-camp to Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, to 
Count D’Estaing, and to Gen. Horatio Gates, and 
was engaged in the siege of Savannah ; the attack 
upon Stono Ferry, and the battle of Camden, where 
~ he was wounded and taken prisoner. When the 
war ended he returned to his law practice in 
Charleston. He was elected governor of South 
Carolina in 1787, serving two years, and declined 
the appointment of U.S. district judge in 1789. 


in 1791 and drafted the act establishing the state 
~ court of equity. He was appointed by President 
Washington the first U.S. minister to Great 
Britain, 1792-96, and in 1794 was sent from 
London to Spain, to arrange the treaty of St. 
Ildefonso by which the United States secured the 
_ free navigation of the Mississippi river. He was 
a Federalist candidate for president of the United 
- States in 1796 and received 59 electoral votes; 
was a representative in the 6th congress, 1799- 
1801; major-general in command of the 6th 
military district, 1812-15, and took part in the 
battle of Horseshoe Bend. He retired to private 
life and succeeded his brother Gen. Charles 
-Cotesworth Pinckney as president-general of the 
Society of the Cincinnati, serving 1825-29. He 
- was twice married: first, July 22, 1779, to Eliza- 
beth, daughter of Jacob and Rebecca (Brewton) 
Motte, and secondly, 1797, to her sister, Fanny 
Middleton. He left two sons and two daughters. 
One daughter married William Lowndes, the 
statesman (q.v.); the other married Col. Fran- 
cis Kinloch Huger (q.v.). He died in Charleston, 
$.C., Nov. 2, 1828. 
_ PINGREE, Hazen Smith, governor of Michi- 
gan, was born in Denmark, Maine, Aug. 30, 
1840; son of Jasper and Adeline (Bryant) Pingree, 
and a descendant of Moses and Abigail (Clement) 
) Pingrey, Ipswich, 1641. He 
attended public schools, and 
&\ was employed in a cotton fac- 


sf Y > El tory in Saco, Me., and a shoe 
" 4 | factory in Hopkinton, Mass., 
Oa ZV 1854-62. In 1862 he enlisted as 

ues J aprivate in the Ist Massachu- 


setts heavy artillery, and 
‘served with the Army of the Potomac until the 
close of the war. He was captured May 25, 1864, 
a on the road to Front Royal, Va., was confined 
Beeaoorsonville, Ga., Salisbury, N.C., and Millen, 
» May to aeriber 1864, when he was ex- 


He was a representative in the state legislature 


PINKERTON 


changed, returned to his regiment, and took part 
in the expedition to the Weldon railroad and in 
the battles of Boydton Road, Petersburg, Sailor’s 
Creek, Farmville, and Appomattox Court house. 
He was mustered out in August, 1865, returned 
to Detroit, Mich., and in December, 1866, estab- 
lished with C. H. Smith the firm of Pingree & 
Smith, boot and shoe manufacturers, and at the 
time of his death the annual output of the busi- 
ness exceeded $1,000,000. On Feb. 28, 1872, he was 
married to Frances A. Gilbert of Mount Clemens, 
Mich. He was elected mayor of Detroit, 1889-91- 
93 and 95, serving, 1890-96. _Headvocated three- 
cent street-car fare, and allotted to the poor of 
the city vacant lands, on which he encouraged 
them to plant and cultivate potatoes. He was 
twice elected governor of Michigan by the Repub- 
lican party, serving 1897-1900. He died in 
London, England, June 18, 1901. 

PINGREE, Samuel Everett, governor of Ver- 
mont, was born in Salisbury, N.H., Aug. 2, 1832; 
son of Stephen and Judith (True) Pingry ; grand- 
son of William and Mary (Morrill) Pingree and of 
Benjamin True, and a descendant of Moses and 
Abigail (Clement) Pingrey. Mosesemigrated from 
London, England, to America with his brother 
Aaron, and settled in Ipswich, Mass., about 
1641, where he owned salt works, and was a 
deputy of the general court in 1665. Samuel E. 
Pingree was graduated at Dartmouth college, 
A.B., 1857, A.M., 1860 ; was admitted to the bar 
in 1859, and practised in Hartford, Vt., 1859-61. 
He enlisted as a private in the 3d Vermont volun- 
teers in 1861, shortly afterward reaching the 
rank of captain, and was severely wounded at 
Lee’s Mills, Va. He was promoted major, Sept. 

7, 1862; lieutenant-colonel Jan. 15, 1863, and 
commanded his regiment in the 2d brigade, 2d 
division, 6th army corps in the Chancellorsville 
campaign. He was mustered out of the service 
July 27, 1864, and resumed practice at Hartford, 
Vt. He was a delegate to the Republican 
national convention of 1868, and state’s attorney 
for Windsor county, 1868-69. He was married, 
Sept. 15, 1869, to Lydia M., daughter of Sanford 
and Mary (Hinman) Steele of Stanstead, P.Q. 
He was lieutenant-governor of Vermont, 1882-84; 
governor, 1884-86 ; and chairman of the state 
railway commission from its establishment in 
1886 to 1894. 

PINKERTON, Allan, detective, was born in 
the Gorbals, Glasgow, Scotland, Aug. 25, 1819 ; 
son of William Pinkerton, a sergeant of police 
in Glasgow. He received a limited education, 
and learned the cooper’s trade. In 1838 he be- 
came active in the chartist movement, and in 
the troubles which followed fled to Canada in 
1842, in the same year settling in Chicago, 
Ill. He removed to Dundee, Ill., in 1843, where 


[273] 


PINKNEY 


he engaged in the cooper’s trade, was active in 
the Abolition movement, became deputy sheriff 
of Kane county, Ill, in 1846, and subsequently 
of Cook county, returning to Chicago to live. 
He organized a detective force for the purpose 
of capturing railroad thieves in 1850, which grew 
into Pinkerton’s National Detective Agency. His 
recovery of $40,000 stolen from the Adams ex- 
press company at Montgomery, Ala., and the 
discovery of a plot to assassinate Abraham Lincoln 
in 1860, gave him a national reputation. He was 
the first special U.S. mail agent for northern 
Illinois and Indiana and southern Wisconsin ; 
organized the U.S. secret service division of the 
army in 1861, and was appointed its chief by 
President Lincoln, and subsequently organized 
and served as chief of the secret service, depart- 
ment of the Gulf. He established an office in 
New York city in 1865, and another in Phila- 
delphia in 1866, and in the course of his work 
recovered vast sums of stolen money for banks 
and corporations. He was married in 1842 to 
Joan Carfral of Edinburgh, Scotland. Their 
sons William A. and Robert A. Pinkerton were 
taken into the business when quite young, and 
at their father’s death became his successors, 
and increased the agency by establishing offices 
in Boston, Denver, St. Paul, and Kansas City. 
Allan Pinkerton is the author of : The Molly 
Maguires and the Detectives (1877) ; Criminal 
Reminiscences (1878); The Spy of the Rebellion 
(1888) ; Thirty Years a Detective (1884); and 
numerous detective stories published in periodi- 
cals. He diel in Chicago, Ill., July 1, 1884. 
PINKNEY, William, statesman, was born in 
Annapolis, Md., March 17, 1764, During the 
Revolution his sympathies were with the patriot 
cause, notwithstanding the fact that his father 
was a staunch loyal- 
ist. He studied with 
a private tutor and 
read law under Judge 
Samuel Chase of 
Baltimore, being ad- 
mitted to the bar in 


1786. He began prac- 
tice in Harford 
county, Md.; was a 


member of the state 
convention that rati- 
fied the constitution 
in 1788 ; a representa- 
tive in the house of 
delegates, 1788-92; a 
member of Governor 
Lee’s council, 1792-94, and in 1796 was appointed 
a U.S. commissioner, under the Jay treaty, 
to determine the losses of the American mer- 
chants, and to negotiate with England for a 





PINTARD 


settlement. In 1804 he resumed his law prac- 
tice in Baltimore ; was attorney-general of Mary- 
land, 1805-06; an envoy extraordinary to Eng- 
land to treat with the British government. 
respecting the violation of the neutrality law, 
and in 1807 succeeded James Monroe as minister 
plenipotentiary to the court of St. James. He 
returned to Baltimore in 1811; was a member of 
the state senate, and attorney-general of the 
United States, 1812-14. He favored the war of 
1812, and commanded a battalion of riflemen at. 
the battle of Bladensburg, where he was wound- 
ed. He was a representative in the 14th con- 
gress, 1815-16, resigning to accept the office of 
minister to Russia and special envoy to Naples, 
where he served, 1816-18. He was chosen to the 
U.S. senate to fill the unexpired term of Alex- 


ander C. Hanson, who died April 23, 1819, and was _ 


re-elected in 1821 for the full term expiring March 

3, 1827, and was succeeded by Samuel Smith. 

He died in Washington, D.C., Feb. 25, 1822. 
PINKNEY, William, fifth Bishop of Maryland 


and 97th in succession in the American episco- ~ 


pate, was born in Annapolis, Md., April 17, 1810. 
He was graduated from St. John’s college, Annap- 
olis, Md., in 1827; was admitted to the diaconate-. 
in Christ Church, Cambridge, Md., April 12, 1835, 
and advanced to the priesthood at All Saints’, 
Frederick, Md., by Bishop William Murray Stone. 


He was pastor of the Somerset (Md.) parish, of 


St. Matthew’s church, Bladensburg, Md., and of 
the church of the Ascension, Washington, D.C. 
He was elected assistant bishop of Maryland in 
1870, and was consecrated in the Church of the 
Epiphany, Washington, D.C., Oct. 6, 1870, by 
Bishops Smith, Johns and Atkinson, assisted by 
Bishops Odenheimer, Lay, Stevens, Quintard 
and Kerfoot. On the death of Bishop William 
Rollinson Whittingham, Oct. 17, 1879, he suc-- 
ceeded as fifth bishop of Maryland. The honorary 
degree of D.D. was conferred on him by St. 
John’s college in 1855, and that of LL.D. by 
Columbian university, Washington, D.C., and 
by William and Mary college, in 1878. He is the 
author of: Life of William Pinkney 1764-1822 
(1853); Memoir of John H. Alexander, LL.D. (1867). 
He died in Cockeysville, Md., July 4, 1888. 
PINTARD, John, philanthropist, was born in 
New York city, May 18, 1759; son of John and 
Mary (Cannon) Pintard ; grandson of John and. 
Catherine (Carré) Pintard and of John Cannon 
(father of Le Grand Cannon of Canada), and great 
grandson of Anthony Pintard, a Huguenot, who. 
settled at Shrewsbury in 1786, where he was a 
merchant and a justice of the peace. Both his. 
grandfathers were prominent merchants. On 
the death of his parents in 1760, John Pintard 
was adopted by his uncle, Louis Pintard. a New 
York merchant. He was prepared for college at, 


[274] 


ak 




















a ee ee ee 





oy 


PINTARD 


Hempstead, L.I., and was graduated at the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, A.B., 1776, A.M., 1779. He 
yolunteered for servica in the Revolution in 1776, 
entering the army at the time of the British 
occupation of New York city; was sent on 
various expeditions to harass the British; was 
deputy commissary for the prisoners in New 
York city under his uncle, serving until 1781, 
and in 1782 became a clerk in his uncle’s count- 
ing room. He was for some time employed by 
the government as a French translator. He was 
married Nov. 12, 1784, to Eliza, daughter of Col. 
Abraham and Helena (Kortright) Brasher of 
Paramus, N.J. Col. Abraham Brasher was a 
member of the first provincial convention that 
met in New York in 1775 to choose delegates to 
represent the colony of New York in the Con- 
tinental congress. Mr. Pintard engaged in the 
Bast India trade on his own account in 1785; was an 
alderman in 1788 ; represented the city in the state 
assembly in 1790, and in 1791 was a commissioner 
toerect bridges over the Hackensack and Passaic 
rivers and also to survey the country between Jer- 
sey City and Newark. He lost his entire property in 
1792, by indorsing for William Duer, associated 
with Hamilton in the plan to fund the national 
debt, and removed to Newark, N.J., where he was 
confined for a time in jail for Duer’s debts. He 
established a museum in 1791, in connection with 
the Tammany society, originally a historical and 
antiquarian organization, of which he was the 
founder and first sachem, and which formed the 
nucleus of Barnum’s American museum. He 
returned to New York city in 1800, and engaged 
in the book trade and auction business. In the 
winter of 1801 he went to New Orleans, La.. 
where he gathered valuable statistics relating to 
the territory which contributed to its purchase. 
He edited the Daily Advertiser, 1802 ; was clerk 
to the corporation of New York city, and city in- 
spector, 1804-09; secretary of the Mutual Insu- 
rance company, 1809-29, and a director of the 
same, 1829-44. He signed all the paper notes of 
small denomination during the scarcity of change 
in 1812; was secretary of the New York Chamber 
of Commerce, 1817-27; in 1819 originated the 
first savings bank that was established in New 
York city, and served as its president, 1823-41, 
when he became blind, and resigned. He was 
the founder of the New York Historical society 
in 1804, and served as its recording secretary and 
librarian ; was among the first in 1805 to agitate 
the ‘‘ free school system,” and was influential in 
securing the construction of the Erie canal. He 
wasa founder, secretary and vice-president of 
the American Bible society, and was manager of 
the then popular lotteries in New York city. 
His plan for a system of avenues and streets was 
adopted by the common council for upper New 


PISE 


York. He was a vestryman of the Huguenot 
church, New York city, 1810-44; treasurer of 
Sailors’ Snug Harbor, 1819-23, and a_ principal 
supporter of the General Theological seminary, 





GENERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY -N.Ys 


which he was instrumental in removing to New 
York city from New Haven. Pintard Hall, one 
of the dormitories of the seminary, was erected 
in his honer in 1885. He received the degree 
LL.D. from Allegheny college in 1822. His pub- 
lished works include : An Account of New Orleans, 
in the New York Medical Repository ; Notice of 
Philip Freneau inthe New York Mirror (1833), 
and a French translation of the Book of Common 
Prayer. UHedied in New York city, June 21, 1844. 

PISE, Charles Constantine, R. C. clergyman 
and author, was born in Annapolis, Md., Novy. 
22, 1802. He was graduated at Georgetown col- 
lege, D.C., and went to Rome to complete his 
theological studies, but his father’s death recalled 
him to America, and he was graduated at Mount 
St. Mary’s seminary, Emmittsburg, Md., teach- 
ing rhetoric and belles lettres while pursuing his 
studies. He was ordained priest in 1825, and 
served the church at Frederick, Md., and in the 
cathedral at Baltimore. While at Rome several 
years after he received the degree D.D., and was 
made a Knight of the Holy Roman Empire in 
recognition of his literary work in the United 
States. He served in St. Patrick’s church, 
Washington, D.C., and as chaplain of the U.S. 
senate, being the only Roman Catholic to hold 
that office, up to 1903. He declined a _professor- 
ship in Transylvania university obtained for him 
by Henry Clay, who was his personal friend. 
Bishop Dubois induced him to come to New York, 
where he was connected with St. Patrick’s, St. 
Joseph’s and St. Peter’s churches, and about 
1849 founded the Church of St. Charles Borromeo, 
Brooklyn, N.Y., where he remained till his death. 
He was associate editor of the Catholic Exposi- 
tor; editor of the Metropolitan, and translated 
The Catholic Bride from the Italian (1848). He 
is the author of : Father Rowland (1829); Indian 
Cottage (1829); History of the Church from its 
Establishment to the Reformation (5 vols., 1880); 
The Pleasures of Religion and other Poems (1883); 


PITCHER 


Horce Vagabunde (1843); Alethia or Letters on 
the Truth of the Catholic Doctrines (1848); The 
Acts of the Apostles, a poem (1845); Zenosius, or 
the Pilgrim Convert (1845); Letters to Ada ; Lives 
of St. Ignatius and his First Companions (1845) ; 
Notes on a Protestant Catechism, and Chris- 
tianity and the Church (1850). He died in 
Brooklyn, N.Y., May 26, 1866. 
PITCHER, Molly. See McCauley, Mary. 
PITCHER, Nathaniel, governor of New York, 
was born in Litchfield, Conn., in 1777. He re- 
moved to Sandy Hill, N.Y., in early life; rep- 
resented Washington county in the state assem- 
bly in 1806 and 1815-17, and was a delegate to the 
state constitutional convention of 1821. He was 
a Democratic representative in the 16th, 17th and 
231 congresses, 1819-23 and 1881-83 ; lieutenant- 
governor of New York, 1826-28, and acting gov- 
ernor of New York, after the death of Governor 
Clinton, from February, 1828, to January, 1829. 
He died at Sandy Hill, N.Y., May 25, 1886. 
PITCHER, Thomas Gamble, soldier, was born 
in Rockport, Ind., Oct. 23, 1824; son of Judge 
John Pitcher of Watertown, Conn., who settled 
in Indiana in 1820. He was graduated at the 
U.S. Military academy and assigned to the 5th 
infantry July 1, 1845. He served in Texas, 1840- 
46; was promoted 2d lieutenant in the 8th in- 
fantry, Sept. 21, 1846 ; served in the Mexican war 
in the battles leading up toand including the 
assault and capture of the city of Mexico, 1846-47 ; 
and was brevetted Ist lieutenant Aug. 20, 1847, for 
conduct at Contrerasand Churubusco. He served 
in garrison at Jefferson barracks, Mo., as quarter- 
master and adjutant, 1848-54; was promoted 1st 
lieutenant June 26, 1849; was quartermaster, 
1854-57, and served in Texas, 1849-60. He was 
promoted captain Oct. 19, 1858; reported at 
Washington in 1861, and served in the defence of 
Harper’s Ferry, Va., in June, 1862. He was 
severely wounded at Cedar Mountain, Aug. 9, 
1862, was brevetted major for gallant and merito- 
rious conduct in that battle, and was on sick leave 
till January, 1863, having been appointed brig- 
adier-general of U.S. volunteers, Nov. 29, 1862. 
He served on commissary and provost duty in 
New York and Vermont, 1863-64, and was pro- 
moted major and transferred to the 16th infantry 
Sept. 19, 1863, and was assistant to the provost 
marshal general in Indiana, 1864-66. He was 
brevetted lieutenant-colonel and colonel March 
8, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services dur- 
ing the war, and brigadier-general of the U.S. 
army, for gallant and meritorious services in the 
field during the war. He was mustered out of 
the volunteer service April 30, 1866 ; was promo- 
ted colonel and transferred to the 44th infantry 
July 28, 1866; was superintendent of the U.S. 
Military academy 1866-70; transferred to the 1st 


PITKIN 


infantry Dec. 15, 1870; and was governor of the 
Soldiers’ Home, near Washington, D.C., 1870-77. 
He served on court martial duty at Omaha, Neb., 
in 1878; and was retired from active service June 
28, 1878, for disability contracted in the line of 
duty, and was superintendent of the New York 
State Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home, 1880-87. He 
died at Fort Bayard, New Mexico, Oct. 21, 1895. 

PITKIN, Frederick Walker, governor of Col- 
orado, was born in Manchester, Conn., Aug. 31, 
1837 ; son of Eliand Hannah M. (Torrey) Pitkin ; 
grandson of Eleazurand Mehitabel (Cone) Pitkin, 
and a descendant of William and Hannah (Good- 
win) Pitkin. William Pitkin came from London, 
England, to Hartford, Conn., in 1659, where 
he was a school teacher, and also attorney 
general, treasurer Of the colony, and member of 
the Colonial assembly and council. Frederick W. 
Pitkin was graduated at Wesleyan university, 
Conn., in 1858, and at the Albany law school in 
1859, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. He 
was married to Fidelia M., daughter of John 
James of Lockport, N.Y., and in 1860 settled in 
practice in Milwaukee, Wis. He visited Europe, 
spent the winter of 1873 in Florida in quest of 
health, and from 1874 to 1878 camped in the moun- 
tains of southern Colorado, and engaged in 
mining. He began practice in Denver, Col.. in 
1877; was Republican governor of Colorado for 
two terms, 1878-82, and during his administration 
quelled the uprising of the Ute Indians at White 
river, and the riots of the miners at Leadville. 
He was defeated as candidate for the U.S. senate 
in 1888. The county and town of Pitkin, Col., 
were namedin his honor. He died in Pueblo, 
Col., Dec. 18, 1886. 

PITKIN, Timothy, representative, was born in 
Farmington, Conn., Jan. 20, 1766; son of the 


Rev. Timothy and Temperance (Clap) Pitkin ; 


grandson of William and Mary (Woodbridge) 
Pitkin, and of the Rev. Thomas (q.v.) and Mary 
Whiting Clap, and a descendant of William and 
Hannah (Goodwin) Pitkin. He was graduated 
at Yale, A.B., 1785, A.M., 1788, and during his 
college course made a specialty of mathematics, 
natural philosophy, and astronomy, and calcu- 
lated and projected all the eclipses, 1785-1800. 
He studied law under Oliver Wolcott, was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1788, and settled in practice 
in Farmington. He was married to Elizabeth, 
daughter of the Rev. Bela Hubbard, D.D., of 
New Haven, Conn. He represented Farmington 
in the Connecticut assembly almost continuously 
1790-1805, and was speaker of the house for five 
successive sessions. He was a Federalist represen- 
tative from Connecticut in the 9th-15th con- 
gresses, 1805-19, and in congress was frequently 
appealed to on questions involving political his- 
tory. He received the degree LL.D. from Yale 


[276] 











PITKIN 


in 1829. He is the author of: Statistical View of 
Commerce of the United States of America (1816, 
$d ed. 1835); A Political and Civil History of the 
United States of America from the Year 1763 to 
the Close of Washington's Administration (2 vols., 
1828), of which he left a continuation in MS., 
bringing it down to the close of his public career. 
He died in New Haven, Conn., Dec. 18, 1847. 
PITKIN, William, governor of Connecticut, 
was born in Hartford, Conn., April 50, 1694; son 
of William (1664-1723) and Elizabeth (Stanley) 
Pitkin, grandson of William (1635-1694) and 


Hannah (Goodwin) Pitkin, and of Capt. Caleb 


and Hannah (Cowles) Stanley. His father, a 
noted jurist, prepared him for the law, and in 
1715 he became town collector. He was married 
to Mary, daughter of the Rev. Timothy and 
Mabel (Wyllys) Woodbridge of 
Hartford, Conn. He represented 
Hartford in the colonial assem- 
bly, 1728-34, serving as speaker 
in 1732; was captain in the colo- 
nial militia in 1730 and colonel 
in 1739; was a member of the 
colonial council, 1734; judge of 
the county court, 1735-41; judge of the superior 
court, 1741-54; and chief justice, 1754-66; lieu- 
tenant-governor of Connecticut, 1754-66; and a 
delegate to the Albany convention of June 19, 
1754, where he was chosen a member of the com- 
mittee to prepare a plan of colonial union. He 
was the first to resist the ‘‘ stamp act,” 1765, re- 
fusing with Governor Fitch and the members of 
his council to take the oath to support it. He 
was governor of Connecticut, 1766-69, defeating 
Governor Fitch by a majority so great that the 
yotes were not counted, Jonathan Trumbull was 
at the same time elected lieutenant-governor, 
and succeeded to the governorship. Governor 
Pitkin died in East Hartford, Conn., Oct. 1, 1769. 

PITKIN, William, jurist, was born in Hart- 
ford, Conn., in 1725; son of Governor William 
and Mary (Woodbridge) Pitkin. He was edu- 
cated for the law, and in 1758 was appointed 
major of the Connecticut forces, raised for the 
expedition against Canada, and served through 
the campaign under General Abercrombie. He 
was married to Abigail, daughter of James and 
Abigail (Stanley) Church. He was appointed 
colonel of militia in 1762, was a member of the 
Connecticut council, 1766-85, and a member of 
the council of safety, 1775-84. He was judge of 
the state superior court for nineteen years, judge 
of the supreme court, 1784-89, and chief justice 
in 1789, and was a delegate to the convention 
that ratified the constitution of the United 
States in 1788, and signed the instrument. He 
began to manufacture gunpowder for the Revo- 
lutionary war in 1775, in the mills owned by his 





_ taught in his brother's 


PITTENGER 


father and uncle, where the iron industries had 
been prohibited by the British in 1750. He died 
in Hartford, Conn., Dec. 12, 1789. 

PITMAN, Benn, educator and author, was 
born in Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England, July 
24, 1822; son of Samuel and Mariah Pitman. 
He was educated in Trowbridge, and in 1837 as- 
sisted his brother, afterward Sir Isaac Pitman, in 
perfecting his system 
of phonography. He 


academy; lectured on 
the system through- 
out Great Britain, 
1843-52, and helped to 
compile the English 
text books. He was 
married in England 
in 1849, to Jane, sister 
of William Bragg, of 
the Sheffield Atlas 
Steel works, the first 
to develop the Besse- 
mer process of con- 
verting iron into 
steel; and secondly, in 1882, to Adelaide, daugh- 
ter of Caleb B. Nourse of Cincinnati, Ohio. He 
came to the United States at the request of his 
brother in 1853, and lectured and taught phono- 
graphy first in Philadelphia, Pa., and then in Day- 
ton, Ohio, and finally located in Cincinnati, where 
he established the Phonographic institute, and 
became its president. He invented the electro- 
process of relief engraving in 1855, for which he 
was awarded a silver medal by the Cincinnati 
Mechanics Institute in 1857, and in 1867, in con- 
nection with Dr. J. B. Burns, succeeded in pro- 
ducing relief stereotype plates by the photo-gela- 
tine process. He served in the ranks during the 
early part of the civil war, and afterward as mili- 
tary recorder of state trials. He lectured on art 
and taught artistic wood carving in the Cincin- 
nati art academy, 1873-92. He edited and com- 
piled the printed reports of the state trials which 
he reported, and is the author of: The Reporter's 
Companion (1854) ; Manual of Phonography 
(1855) ; Phonographic Teacher (1857) ; History 
of Shorthand (1858); A Plea for American Deco- 
rative Art (1895); a Phonographic Dictionary, 
with Jerome B. Howard (1901) ; and Sir Isaac 
Pitman’s Life and Labors (1902). 

PITTENGER, William, author, was born in 
Knoxville, Ohio, Jan. 31, 1840, son of Thomas 
and Mary (Mills) Pittenger, and a grandson of 
William Pittenger-and of Robert and Margaret 
(Stuart) Milis. He attended a scientific school 
in Princeton, N.J., 1875-76, and the school of 
elocution and oratory in Philadelphia, 1877-78. 
In April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the 2d 







F WMG AGG 
% 


[277] 


PITZER 


Ohio volunteers; took part in the battle of Bull 
Run ; re-enlisted for three years in July, 1861, 
and in the Andrews railroad raid, which began 
on April 7, 1862, was captured, and escaped ex- 
ecution through the unexpected advance of the 
Federal troops, but was imprisoned, escaped and 
was recaptured and exchanged, March 18, 1863. 
He received one of the first medals of honor 
given to United States soldiers, April, 1863; was 
promoted lieutenant, and served with his regiment 
until ill-health forced him to resign in August, 
1863. He was married, May 17, 1864, to Winnie 
C. Osborne, of New Brighton, Pa., and in that 
year entered the Pittsburg conference of the 
Methodist Episcopal church, where he remained 
until 1870. He was then transferred to the New 
Jersey conference where he labored until 1889, 
when he was appointed to the California con- 
ference. He was professor in the National 
school of elocution and oratory, Philadelphia, 
1878-89, and is the author of: Daring and Suffer- 
ing, a History of the Great Railroud Adventurers 
(1863, enl., ed., 1887); Oratory. Sacred and Secular 
(1867); Capturing a Locomotive (1881); The Ex- 
tempore Speaker (1886); Interwoven Gospels (1887); 
The Great Locomotive Chase (1889); The Debater’s 
Treasury (1891); Toasts (1894). He was still 
laboring in Burbank, Cal., in 1903. 

PITZER, Alexander White, author and clergy- 
man, was born in Salem, Va., Sept. 14, 1834 ; 
son of Bernard and Frances L. (White) Pitzer ; 
grandson of Bernard and Jane (Kyle) Pitzer and 
of Samuel and Frances (Penn) White, and a 
descendant of William Penn. He attended the 
Virginia Collegiate institution ; was graduated at 
Hampden-Sidney college in 1854; attended the 
Union Theological seminary of Virginia, 1854-55, 
and was graduated at Danville Theological semin- 
ary, Ky., in 1857. Ile was licensed to preach 
Sept. 5, 1856, by the presbytery of Montgomery ; 
ordained pastor by the presbytery of Highland, 
Kansas, April 5, 1858; was pastor of the 1st 
Presbyterian church, Leavenworth, Kan., 1858- 
61, and preached in Sparta and Mount Zion, Ga., 
and at Cave Spring and Liberty, Va., 1865-68. 
He engaged in evangelical work in Washington, 
D.C., in 1868, and in that year organized the 
Central Presbyterian church there, and became 
its pastor. He was stated clerk of the presbytery 
of Chesapeake from 1872; president of the 
Washington City Bible society from 1873, and 
professor of biblical theology in Howard uni- 
versity, Washington, D.C., 1876-90. He was a 
trustee of Hampden-Sidney college, Va., from 
1865 ; a member of the legislative commission of 
the American Sabbath Union ; a member of the 
Prophetic convention in New York city in 1878, 
where he assisted in drafting and reported the 
doctrinal testimony adopted by the conference ; 


. PLAISTED 


president of the Evangelical Alliance at Wash- 
ington, D.C., from 1886, and a delegate to the 
World's Missionary Conference in London in 
1888. He was a member of the Toronto council 


of the General Presbyterian Alliance ; a member 


of the permanent commission of the western 
section of the Presbyterian Alliance ; a commis- 
sioner on foreign missions and Sabbath-schools, 
and introduced the resolutions in the general 
assembly at Atlanta, Ga., in 1882, to establish the 
fraternity of the northern and southern divisions 
of the church. He received the honorary degree 
D.D. from Arkansas college in 1876, and that of 
LL.D. from Howard university, Washington, 
D.C., in 1902. Heis the author of: Hece Deus 
Homo (1886); Christ the Teacher of Men (1877); 
The New Life (1878); Shall God’s Houses of Wor- 
ship be Taxed? Confidence in Christ (1888) ; 
Manifold Ministry of the Holy Spirit (1894); 
Predestination (1898), and contributions to denom- 
inational literature. 

PLAISTED, Harris Merrill, governor of Maine, 
was born in Jefferson, N.H., Nov. 2, 1828; son of 
Deacon William and Nancy (Merrill) Plaisted, 
grandson of Judge Samuel Plaisted, and a des- 
cendant of Capt. Roger Plaisted, who with his 
two sons were slain at Kittery by the Indians, in 
King Philip's war. He attended the district 
school until 1845 ; taught school, 1845-47, and was 
graduated from Waterville college in 1853, 
While at college, he was principal of the Water- 
ville Liberal institute, and was superintendent 
of schools for three years. 
He was graduated with hon- 
ors from the Albany Law 
school in 1855 ; began practice 
in Bangor in 1856; was amem- | 
ber of the governor's staff, 
1858-61, and in August, 1861 
enlisted in the 11th Maine vol- 
unteers. He was commissioned lieutenant-col- 
onel, Oct. 30, 1861, and colonel, May 12, 1862 ; com- 
manded his regiment in the Peninsular campaign 
of 1862; engaged in the siege of Yorktown, the 
battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, and the seven 
days’ battles, and commanded the 3d brigade, Ist 
division, 10th army corps, in the siege of Charles- 
ton, §.C., in 1863, and in Grant's campaign of 
1864-65 against Richmond and Petersburg. Va. 





He was brevetted brigadier-general of volun-- 
g $ 


teers, in February, 1865, and major-general of 
volunteers, March 13, 1865, for ‘gallant and 
meritorious conduct in the field.” He returned 
to his law practice in Bangor in May, 1865; was a 
representative in the state legislature, 1867-68, 
and was delegate-at-large to the Democratic 
national convention of 1868. He served as at- 
torney-general of Maine, 1873-76; was a repre- 
sentative in the 44th congress, 1875-77, and in 











PLANTZ 


1880 he was elected governor of the state of 
Maine for a two-years term by the fusion of the 
Democrats and Greenbackers. He was the 
Democratic candidate for U.S. senator in 
1883 and 1889. He was twice married, first, 
Sept. 21, 1858, to Sarah, daughter of Chase P. 
Mason of Waterville, Maine, and secondly, Sept. 
27, 1881, to Mable True, daughter of Francis W. 
Hill of Exeter. He became editor of The New Age 
at Augusta, Maine, in 1883. He died in Bangor, 
Maine, Jan. 31, 1898. 

PLANTZ, Samuel, educator, was born in 
Johnstown, N.Y.. June 13, 1859; son of James 
and Elsie Ann (Stoller) Plantz, and grandson of 
Peter and Elizabeth Plantz and of Michael and 
Mary (Quilheart) Stoller. He attended the com- 
mon schools of Emerald Grove, Wis., and Milton 
college, Wis., was graduated from Lawrence uni- 
versity, A.B., 1880, A.M., 1883, from Boston uni- 
versity, S.T.B., 1883, and was a student at Berlin 
university, Germany, 1890-91. He was pastor of 
Methodist churches in Detroit, Mich., 1885-92, 
and was elect- 
ed president of 
. Lawrence uni- 
* versity, Apple- 
tons Wise.) in: 
a3 1894. He was 

¢ married, Sept. 
h 16, 1895, to 
=a ee ~Myra AY, 
LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY. (- daughter of 
the Rev. T. A. Goodwin of Indianapolis, Ind. He 
became a member of the Victoria Institute, Lon- 
don, 1896 ; the American Academy of Social and 
Political Science in 1895; and the Wisconsin 
Academy of Sciencein 1895. The degree of Ph.D. 
was conferred on him in curso by the School of 
All Sciences in 1887, and the honorary degree of 
D.D. by Albion college in 1894. He contributed 
articles to leading theological and philosophical 
periodicals. 

PLATER, George, governor of Maryland, was 
born near Leonardtown, St. Mary’s county, Md., 
_ Novy. 8, 1785; son of Col. George and Rebecca 
(Addison) Bowles Plater. His father was a 
member of the state council for many years; 
naval officer of the Patuxent, and secretary of 
the province. He was graduated from the Col- 
lege of William and Mary in 1753, was admitted 
to the bar and became prominent in the pre- 
revolutionary discussions. He was twice mar- 
ried, first, to Hannah, daughter of the Hon. 
Richard Lee, who died in 1763, and secondly, July 
19, 1764, to Elizabeth, daughter of Jobn and 
Ann (Frisby) Rousby. He was a member of 
the convention at Annapolis, May 8, 1776, 
which requested Governor Eden to relinquish his 
office ; was made a member of the council of 





PLATT 


safety, May 26, 1776; of the Annapolis conven- 
tion of August 14, 1776, and of the committee 
“to prepare a declaration and charter of rights 
anda form of government for Maryland,” Aug. 
17, 1776. He was a delegate to the Continental 
congress, 1778-81, was president of the state con- 
vention that voted to adopt the Federal constitu- 
tion, 1788. He was governor of Maryland, 1781-94, 
succeeding John Eager Howard. During his 
administration the District of Columbia was 
ceded for the national seat of government. He 
was succeeded by John Hoskins Stone. He died 
in Annapolis, Md., Feb. 10, 1792. 

PLATNER, Samuel Ball, philologist, was born 
at Unionville, Conn., Dec. 4, 1863; son of Wil- 
liam and Emily Childs (Ball) Platner ; grandson 
of Samuel and Experience (Howland) Ball, and of 
Samuel Ten Broeck and Elizabeth Gillette (Noyes) 
Platner, and a descendant of John Howland of 
the Mayflower. He removed with his parents to 
Newark, N.J., in 1866, attended the Newark 
academy and was graduated from Yale, A.B., 
1883 ; Ph.D., 1885. Hewas a graduate student in 
Sanskrit, Latin and Greek, 1883-85, and was in- 
structor in Latin and French at Adelbert college 
of Western Reserve university, 1885-90 ; assistant 
professor of Latin and instructor in Sanskrit, 
1890-92, and was elected professor of Latin in 
1892. Hewas married, June 29, 1892, to Leonora, 
daughter of Charles Henry Sayre of Utica, N.Y. 
He was president of the American Philological 
association, 1900-1901 ; secretary of the manag- 
ing committee of the American School of Classi- 
cal Studies in Rome, 1900, and professor in that 
school, 1899-1900. He edited ‘*‘ Greek and Roman 
Versification” (translated from the German of 
Lucian Miiller, 1892), and ‘‘ Selected Letiers of the 
Younger Pliny ” (1894), and contributed various 
articles to the American Journal of Philology, the 
Classicul Review and the American Historical 
Review. 

PLATT, Charles Adams, artist, was born in 
New York city, Oct. 16, 1861; sonof John H. and 
Mary (Cheney) Platt. He studied in New York 
at the Art League and the National Academy of 
Design, 1878-80, and in Paris under Boulanger 
and Lefebvre. He establisheda studio in New 
York city, and was elected a member of the 
Society of American Artists, and an associate of 
the National Academy of Design. He was 
awarded the Webb prize, offered by the Society 
of American Artists, in 1894. He gave much at- 
tention to etching, and exhibited paintings in oil 
and water colors in the Paris Salon, the National 
Academy and the American Water Color society. 
He began the practice of architecture and land- 
scape architecture in 1892. Among the note- 
worthy gardens planned by him are those of 
Charles F. Sprague (1894) and Larz Anderson 


279] 


PLATT 


(1902), in Brookline, Mass. His architectural 
works include Maxwell public library, Rockville, 
Conn., and Richmond Beach Park. Staten Island, 
N.Y. His paintings include: Interior of Fish- 
Houses; Fishing Boats ; Provincial Fishing Vil- 
lage (1882); Old Houses near Bruges (1883); Deven- 
ter, Holland (1885); Quay des Orfrévres, Paris 
(1886); Dieppe (1888). 

PLATT, Jonas, jurist, was born in Pough- 
keepsie, N.Y., June 80, 1769; son of Judge Zeph- 
aniah Platt (q.v.). He began the practice of law 
in 1790, removing to Whitesboro, N.Y., in 1791. 
He served in the state assembly, 1796 ; was arep- 
resentative in the 6th congress, 1799-1801 ; was 
the defeated candidate for governor of the state 
against Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, 1810; a state 
senator, 1810-13; a member of the council, 1813, 
and justice of the supreme court of the state of 
New York, 1814-23. He engaged in the practice 
of law in Utica, N.Y., and in New York city, 
1823-33, and died in Peru, N.Y., Feb. 22, 1884. 

PLATT, Orville Hitchcock, senator, was born 
in Washington, Conn., July 19, 1827; son of 
Daniel G. and Almira (Hitchcock) Platt ; grand- 
son of John Platt, and a descendant of Richard 
Platt, who came to America in 1688 with the 
original settlers of 
New Haven. He was 
educated in the cele- 
brated Gunn acad- 
emy at Washington ; 
studied law at Litch- 
field; was admitted 
to the bar in 1849,and 
practised in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., 1849-57, 
i ‘Ns and in Meriden, 
Conn., after 1851. He 
was clerk of the Con- 
necticut senate, 1855- 
56 ; secretary of state, 
1857 ; member of the 
state senate, 1861-62, 

and representative in the state legislature in 
1864 and 1869, serving as speaker the latter year. 
He was state attorney for New Haven county, 
Conn., 1877-79, and was elected a Republican 
U.S. senator, succeeding William H. Barnum, 
in 1879, being re-elected in 1885, 1891, 1897 and 
1903, his fifth term expiring March 3, 1909. 
He was chairman of the committee on relations 
with Cuba, and a member of the committees on 
finance, Indian affairs, judiciary. private land 
claims and patents and of the select committee 
on the five civilized tribes of Indians in the 56th 
‘congress. He received the degree LL.D. from 
' Yale in 1887. He was married, May 15, 1850, to 
Annie B., daughter of James P. and Ann Bull 
of Towanda, Penn., who died, Nov. 17, 1894; and 





PLATT 


secondly, April 29, 1897, to Jeannie P. Hoyt, 
widow of George A. Hoyt of Stamford, Conn., 
and daughter of Truman Smith, U.S. senator 
(q.v.). 

PLATT, Thomas Collier, senator, was born in 
Owego, N.Y., July 15, 1833; son of William and 
Lesbia (Hinchman) Platt; grandson of Maj. 
Jonathan Platt, who removed from Bedford, 
Westchester county, to Nichols, Tioga county, 
with his father, Jonathan Platt, in 1793. He pre- 
pared for college in Owego academy, and at- 
tended Yale, 1849-50, but was compelled to leave, 
owing to ill health, and engaged in mercantile 
pursuits. He was married, Dec. 12, 1852, to Ellen 
Lucy, daughter of Charles R. Barstow of Owego, 
N.Y. He was president of the Tioga National 
bank ; was interested in the lumber business in- 
Michigan, and conducted agricultural implement 
works at Owego. He was clerk of Tioga county, 
1859-61 ; was active in recruiting troops and in 
providing for the families of soldiers during the 
civil war, and was a Republican representative 
from the 28th New York district in the 48d and 
44th congresses, 1873-77. He was elected general 
manager and president of the U.S. Express com- 
pany at New York city in 1879, and served as 
president of the board of quarantine commission- 
ers, 1883-88, being removed on account of his 
alleged non-residence in New Yorkcity. He was 
elected to the U.S. senate, Jan 18, 1881, for the 
term expiring March 3, 1887, and served until May, 
1881, when he resigned with his colleague, Roscoe 
Conkling, on account of a disagreement with 
President Garfield, and was succeeded by War- 
ner Miller. He was defeated as a senatorial can- 
didate in the legislative caucus of 1887 by Frank 
Hiscock, but was elected, Jan. 20, 1897, to succeed. 
Senator David B. Hill, receiving 147 votes to 42 for 
Hill and 4 for Henry George, and was re-elected 
by the legislature in 1903, his term expiring March 
3, 1909. He became an acknowledged leader of 
his party in state and national polities, being a del- 
egate to the successive Republican national con-. 
ventions, chairman of the Republican state con-. 
vention, and a member of the New York Repub- 
lican state committee and of the executive com- 
mittee of the Republican national committee. 
He received the honorary degree A.M. from Yale 
in 1876, 

PLATT, William Henry, clergyman and 
author, was born in Amenia, Duchess county, 
N.Y., April 16,,1821. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1840, and practised in Alabama until 1844, 
when he began his preparation for holy orders. 
He was admitted to the diaconate in 1851, and 
advanced to the priesthood in 1852; was rector 


_ of St. Paul’s, Selma, Ala.; Grace church, Peters- 


burg, Va.; at Louisville, Ky. ; San Francisco, 
Cal., and of St. Paul’s church in Rochester, N.Y. 


[280] 





PLATT 





He resided in the missionary jurisdiction of 
Olympia after 1892. He received the degree 
D.D. in 1878, and LL.D. later, from the College 
of William and Mary. He is the author of: Art 
Culture (1878) ; Influence of Religion in the De- 
velopment of Jurisprudence (1877); After Death, 
what ? (1878) ; Unity of Law or Legal Morality 
(1879); God out and Man in, a reply to Robert 
G. Ingersoll (1883). He died in Petersburg, Va., 
Dec. 18, 1898. 

PLATT, Zephaniah, delegate, was born in 
Duchess county, N.Y., in 1740. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar; practised in his native county; 
was a delegate from New York to the Continental 
congress, 1784-86; judge of the circuit court of 
New York for several years ; an originator of the 
Erie canal, and the founder of Plattsburg, N.Y., 
_where he died, Sept. 12, 1807. 

PLATT, Zephaniah, jurist, was born in Platts- 
burg, N.Y., in 1796; son of Judge Zephaniah 
Platt (q.v.) He removed to Michigan territory, 
where he practised law and was U.S. attorney to 
settle claims on the Pacific coast. He was 
attorney-general of Michigan, 1841-48, and sub- 
sequently attained high rank at the bar. He 
removed to Aiken, 8.C., in 1866, and served as 
judge of the 2d circuit, 1868-71. He died in 
Aiken, §.C., April 20, 1871. 

PLEASANTON, Alfred, soldier, was born in 
Washington, D.C., June 7, 1824. He was gradu- 
ated from the U.S. Military academy in 1844, 
and assigned to the 1st dragoons. He served on 
frontier duty, 1844-46; was promoted 2d _ lieu- 
tenant of 2d dragoons, Nov. 8, 1845; served in 
the war with Mexico, 1846-48; was brevetted Ist 
lieutenant, May 9, 1846, for gallantry at Palo Alto 
and Resaca de la Palma, and was on frontier 
duty in New Mexico, 1848-52. He was promoted 
1st lieutenant, Sept. 30, 1849; was engaged in 
scouting and Indian skirmishes in New Mexico 
and Texas, 1852-56 ; was promoted captain, March 
8, 1855; was acting assistant adjutant-general 
of the department of Florida, 1855-57; was en- 

gaged in quelling the Kansas disturbances, 1857- 
58, and was acting assistant adjutant-general of 
the department of Oregon, 1858-60. He com- 
-manded a regiment in the department of Utah, 

June-Aug., 1861, which he marched to Washing- 
ton, and was transferred to the 2d cavalry, Aug. 
8, 1861, and was engaged in the defences of 
Washington, D.C. He was promoted major, 
Feb. 15, 1862, and served in the siege of York- 
town and in the seven days’ battle before Rich- 
mond. He was commissioned brigadier-general, 
U.S. volunteers, July 16, 1862, and commanded 
the advance cavalry division of the Army of the 
Potomac in the Maryland campaign, Sept. 8 to 
Noy. 18, 1862. He was brevetted lieutenant- 
colonel, U.S.A., Sept. 17, 1862, for services at 


‘Antietam : 


PLEASANTON 


was in the Rappahannock cam- 
paign, Dec., 1862-June, 1863; commanded the 
cavalry corps, Army of the Potomac, in the 
Pennsylvania campaign, June-July, 1863; was 
engaged in the battles at Culpeper C.H. and 
Brandy Station, Va., and was transferred to the 
department of Missouri, March 23, 1864, where he 
was engaged in the defence of Jefferson City, 
Oct. 8, 1864, and in command of cavalry in pur- 
suit of Gen. Sterling Price, routing him near the 
Marais des Cygnes river, Kan., Oct. 25, 1864. He 
was promoted major-general, U.S. volunteers, 
June 22, 1863, and brevetted colonel, U.S.A., July 
2, 1863, for services at Gettysburg ; brigadier- 
general, U.S.A., March 18, 1865, ‘‘ for gallant and 
meritorious services during the campaign against 
the Confederate forces under General Price in 
Missouri,” and major-general, March 138, 1865, for 
services in the field. The 87th congress recom- 
mended him through a committee for the com- 
mand of the Army of the Potomac. He was 
mustered out of volunteer service, Jan. 15, 1866, 
after having been engaged in 105 battles and 
skirmishes, and he resigned his commission in 
the regular army in 1868. He was U:S. collector 
of internal revenue in New York city for several 
years ; president of the Terre Haute and Cincin- 
nati railroad, and in May, 1888, was placed on 
the retired list with the rank of colonel. He 
died in Washington, D.C., Feb. 17, 1897. 
PLEASANTON, Augustus James, soldier, was 
born in Washington, D.C., Aug. 18, 1808. He 
was graduated from the U.S. Military academy 
in 1826, assigned to the 6th infantry, and pro- 
noted 2d Heutenant in 3d artillery, July 1, 1826, 
being transferred to the Ist artillery, Oct. 24, 
1826. He served at the artillery school for prac- 
tice at Fort Monroe, Va., 1826-27 ; on topographi- 
cal duty, 1827-380; resigned his commission in 
the army, June 30, 1830, and was admitted to 
the Philadelphia bar in 1832, where he practised 
law, 1832-94. He was brigade-major of Penn- 
sylvania militia, 1833-35, and colonel, 1835-45, and 
was severely wounded, July 7, 1844, while com- 
manding his regiment in a desperate conflict 
with armed rioters in Southwark, Philadelphia 
county, Pa. He was assistant adjutant-general 
and paymaster-general of the state of Pennsyl- 
vania, 1838-39. On May 16, 1861, he was ap- 
pointed brigadier-general of Pennsylvania militia, 
and organized and commanded a Home guard of 
10,000 men, 1861-65. He devoted his leisure time 
to farming and to scientific research, and claimed 
that the blue light from the sky had an important 
effect on the growth of living organisms. He 
produced this light artificially by means of tinted 
glass, and obtained a patent on ‘an improve- 
ment in accelerating the growth of plants and 
animals” in 1871. In May, 1871, he lectured on 


[281] 


PLEASANTS 


the ‘‘ Influence of the Blue Ray,” which resulted 
in the short-lived ‘“‘ blue glass craze,” the appli- 
cation of blue glass light being applied to all 
sorts of infirmities and wonderful cures reported. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 26, 1894. 
PLEASANTS, James, senator, was born in 
Goochland county, Va., Oct. 24, 1769; son of 
James and Anne (Randolph) Scott Pleasants ; 
grandson of John and Susanna (Woodson) Pleas- 
ants and of Isham and Jane (Rogers) Randolph ; 
great-grandson of Joseph and Martha (Cocke) 
Pleasants, and great?-grandson of John Pleasants 
_— of Norwich, England, and of 
‘“*Curles,’ Va., who married 
Jane, widow of Samuel 
4 Tucker. His mother Anne 
Randolph, married (1st) Dan- 
iel Scott, (2d) John Pleasants, 
and (3d) James Pleasants. 
= He was instructed by private 
tutors, studied law under Judge Fleming and 
practised in Goochland county. He was married 
to Susanna, daughter of Col. Hugh of ‘* Geddes” 
and Caroline Matilda (Jordan) Rose of Bucking- 
ham county, Va. He was a Republican repre- 
sentative in the state legislature, 1796-1803 ; clerk 
of the house, 1803-11; a representative in the 
12th-15th congresses, 1811-19, and U.S. senator, 
1819-22, resigning his seat to become governor of 
Virginia, serving 1822-25. He was a delegate to 
the Virginia constitutional convention of 1829- 
30, and twice declined high judicial appointments 
from the governor of Virginia. The county of 
Pleasants, Va., wasnamed in hishonor. He died 
at his homestead in Goochland, Va., Nov. 9, 1839. 
PLEASANTS, John Hampden, journalist, was 
born in Goochland county, Va., Jan. 4, 1797; 
son of James and Susanna (Rose) Pleasants. He 
attended the College of William and Mary, 
studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He 
engaged in journalism and established the Lynch- 
burg Virginian, which he edited for several 
years. He was twice married, first to Ann 
Irving, by whom he had no issue, and secondly, 
to Mary, daughter of Capt. Henry and Susan Pres- 
ton (Lewis) Massie, by whom he had two children, 
James and Ann Eliza. He removed to Rich- 
mond, Va., where in 1824 he founded the Con- 
stitutional Whig and Public Advertiser, of which 
he was editor-in-chief, 1824-46. He became in- 
volved in a political quarrel with Thomas Ritchie, 
Jr., editor of the Richmond Enquirer, which 
resulted in a duel in which Pleasants was killed. 
The Virginia Whigs erected a monument to his 
memory. He died in Richmond, Va., Feb. 27, 1846. 
PLEHN, Carl Copping, poLitienl economist, 
was born in Providence, R.I., June 20, 1867 : ; son of 
Julius and Mary(Copping) Plehn: grandson of Mar- 
tin and Deborah (Averhoff) Plehn (of Schleswig- 








PLUMB 


Holstein) and of Johnand Helen( Wallace) Copping 
(of London). He was graduated from Brown uni- 
versity, A.B., 1889, and from Géttingen university, 
Ph.D., 1891. He was professor of history and 
political science at Middlebury college, 1891-93, 
and was at the University of California as as- 
sistant professor of political economy, 1893-96 ; 
became associate professor of finance and statis- 
tics in 1896, and dean of the college of commerce 
in 1898. He was married May 16, 1894, to 
Elizabeth, daughter of Ezra Brainard (q.v.). He 
was supervisor of the census for the first district 
of California, 1900, and chief statistician of the 
Philippine Islands with the Philippine commis- 
sion, 1900-01. He was elected a member of the 
American Economic association, the American 
Academy of Political and Social Science and the 
American Statistical association. His published 
writings, chiefly of a statistical or economic 
nature, include: Das Kreditwesen der Staaten 
und Stidte der nordamerikanischen Union (Jena, 
1891); Introduction to Public Finance (1896); 
General Property Tax in California (1897) ; 
Taxation of Mortgages in California (1899), and 
many contributions to periodicals. 

PLUMB, Charles Sumner, agriculturist, was 
born in Westfield, Mass., April 21, 1860; son of 
David Henry and Helen Mar (Wallace) Plumb ; 
grandson of David and Hannah (Doty) Plumb, 
and a descendant of John Plumbe, who came 
from Essex county, England, to Hartford, Conn., 
about 1663. He was graduated from the Massa- 
chusetts Agricultural college, Amherst, Mass., 
B.Sc. in 1882; was associate editor of the Rural 
New Yorker, 1883-84, and first assistant at the 
State Agricultural Experiment station, Geneva, 
N.Y., 1884-87. He was married,Oct. 14, 1886, to 
Helen P., daughter of Llewellyn and Salena 
Purple (Gates) Gladwin of Westfield, Mass. He 
was professor of agriculture at the University of 
Tennessee and assistant director of the Tennes- 
see Agricultural Experiment station, 1887-90, 
and in 1890 became connected with Purdue uni- 
versity, Lafayette, Ind., as professor of agricul- 
tural science, and with the Indiana Experiment 
station as vice-director. He founded in 1887 and 
published and edited until 1891, Agricultural 
Science, a monthly; and in 1891 he became 
director of the Indiana Agricultural Experiment 
station, at Lafayette, Ind. He was elected pres- 
ident of the American Cheviot Sheep society in 
1900, president of the Indiana State Dairy associa- 
tion, 1901 and 1902, and secretary of the Indiana 
Wool Growers’ association in 1900 and 1901; was 
elected a member of the executive committee of 
the Society for the Promotion of Agricultural 
Science, and its secretary and treasurer for four 
years. He was also lecturer at the Graduate 
Summer School of Agriculture, 1902, at Ohio State 


[282] 











PLUMB 














university, Columbus, and a fellow of the 
American Association for the Advancement of 
Science. His published writings include: Bio- 
graphical Directory of American Agricultural 
Scientists (1889); Indian Corn Culture (1895); 
and numerous monographs and contributions to 
periodicals. 

PLUMB, Preston B., senator, was born in 
Delaware county, Ohio, Oct. 12, 1837. He received 
a limited education, served an apprenticeship to 
a printer, 1849-52, and was editor of the Xenia 
News, 1852-56. He removed in 1856 to Emporia, 
Kan., where in 1857 he founded the Weekly News, 
which he conducted alone; and he became a 
prominent member of the free soil party in 
Kansas. He was secretary of the Free State 
convention of 1857; a member of the state constitu- 
tional convention of 1859 ; was admitted to the bar 
in 1861, and was a representative in the Kansas 
state legislature in 1862. He served as reporter 
of the state supreme court, and in August, 1862, 
enlisted in the Federal army, and was appointed 
2nd lieutenant in the 11th Kansas infantry. He 
served throughout the civil war, receiving the 
promotions of captain, major, and lieutenant- 
colonel. He was a representative in the state 
legislature, 1867-68; speaker of the house in 
1868; prosecuting attorney for Lyon county, 
Kansas, and was president of the First National 
Bank of Emporia, 1873-77. He was a member of 
the Republican state convention in 1876; was 
elected U.S. senator by the Republican legisla- 
ture of Kansas in 1877, to succeed James M. 
Harvey, and was re-elected in 1883 and 1889, his 
third term expiring March 3, 1895. He was 
married to Carrie Southwick, of Ashtabula, 
Ohio. He edited and adapted Practice before 
Justice Courts in Kansas (1875). He died in 
“Washington, D.C., Dec. 20, 1891. 

PLUME, Joseph William, soldier, was born in 
Troy, N.Y., Aug. 23, 1839; son of William and 
Eliza (Turk) Plume; grandson of Joseph and 
_Lucetta (Plum) Plume and of William and Eliza 
(Livingston) Turk, and a descendant of Robert 
Livingston on one side, and of Captain Bastian 
Visscher on the other. He attended the public 
school, became a bank clerk in Newark, N.J.; 
enlisted in the 2d New Jersey volunteers, and was 
commissioned adjutant, May 29, 1861; was made 
-aide-de-camp to Gen. W. H. French, Feb. 15, 1862 ; 
acting assistant adjutant-general, 8d brigade, 
Sumner’s division, June 1, 1862, and acting as- 
sistant adjutant-general, 3d division, 2d corps, 
Sept. 8, 1862. He served in the battles of First 
Bull Run, Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, 
Gaines’s Mill, Peach Orchard, Saratoga Station, 
White Oaks Bridge, Malvern Hill, Second Bull 

un, Antietam and Fredericksburg. At the end 
of two years’ service he was mustered out and 


PLUMER 


returned to his bank in Newark, where he was 
made cashier in 1870 and subsequently vice-presi- 
dent. He was married, Dec. 4, 1883, to Eleanor, 
daughter of John A. and Sarah J. (Davies) Miller 
of Newark, N.J. He joined the National Guard 
of New Jersey as a private in 1859 and rose to the 
rank of major-general, resigning, Feb. 6, 1899. 
He was commissioned brigadier-general of volun- 
teers, June 24, 1898, commanded the first brigade, 
first division, 2d corpsin the war with Spain, and 
was mustered out Oct. 31, 1898. He then re- 
sumed his banking business in Newark. 

PLUMER, William, senator, was born in 
Newburyport, Mass., June 25, 1759; son of 
Samuel and Mary (Dole) Plumer, and a descend- 
ant of Francis Plumer, who came from the west 
of England, and settled in Newbury, Mass., in 1635. 
He attended school at Epping, N.H.; was mar- 
ried, Feb. 12, 1788, to Sally, a daughter of Philip 
Fowler of Newmarket, and was a successful at- 
torney-at-law in Epping, 1787-1820. He was 
county solicitor; a representative in the state 
legislature for eight terms, speaker of the house 
for two terms, and state senator, 1810-11. He was 
a member of the state constitutional convention, 
1792; U.S. senator, 1802-07, elected to fill a va- 
cancy caused by the resignation of James Sheafe ; 
governor of New Hampshire, 1812-16 and 1817-18 ; 
was a presidential elector in 1820, and voted for 
John Quincy Adams, being the only opposing 
voice in the re-election of President Monroe, He 
retired from public service in 1820, and devoted 
himself to literary pursuits. He is the author of : 
Appeal to the Old Whigs (1805) ; Address to the 
Clergy (1814), and many contributions to the 
press under the pen name ‘‘ Cincinnatus.” He 
died in Epping, N. H., Dec. 22, 1850. 

PLUMER, William, representative, was born 
in Epping, N. H., Feb. 9, 1789, son of William 
(q.v.) and Sally (Fowler) Plumer. He was 
graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1809, A.M., 1812; 
studied law with his father, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1812. He was U.S. commissioner of 
loans, 1816-17; representative in the state legis- 
lature in 1818, and a Democratic representative in 
the 16th, 17th and 18th congresses, 1819-25. He 
was married, Sept. 13, 1820, to Margaret F. Mead. 
He was state senator, 1827-28; declined the ap- 
pointment of district attorney in 1830; was a 
member of the state constitutional convention 
in 1850, and in that year retired from active par- 
ticipation in public affairs, devoting himself to 
literary work. He was a member of the New 
England Historic-Genealogical society ; the au- 
thor of two volumes of poems (1841-43); Lyrica 
Sacra (1845); Pastoral on the Story of Ruth 
(1847), and was a co-editor with Andrew P. 
Peabody of the Life of William Plumer (1857). 
He died in Epping, N. H., Sept. 18, 1854. 


[283] 


PLUMER 
PLUMER, William Swan, clergyman, was 
born in Griersburg, Pa., July 26, 1802. He was 


graduated from Washington college, Va., in 1822 
and attended Princeton Theological seminary, 
1824-25. He was ordained by the presbytery 
of Orange, May 19, 1827; served as stated supply 
and evangelist in southern Virginia and North 
Carolina, 1826-29 ; was pastor at Petersburg, Va., 
1830-34 ; Richmond, Va., 1834-46 ; Baltimore, Md., 
1847-54, and Allegheny, Pa., 1855-62. He was 
professor of didactic and polemic theology at the 
Western Theological seminary, Allegheny, 1854- 
62; pastor at Pottsville, Pa., 1865-66 ; professor of 
didactic and polemic theology at Columbia Theo- 
logical seminary, $.C., 1867-75, and of historic, 
casuistic and pastoral theology, 1875-80. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by 
the College of New Jersey, Lafayette and Wash- 
ington colleges in 1838 and that of LL. D. by the 
University of Mississippi in 1857. He founded an 
institution for the deaf, dumb and blind at Staun- 
ton, Va., in 1838, and established and was editor 
of the Watchman of the South, Richmond, Va., 
1838-46. He is the author of: The Bible True, 
and Infidelity Wicked (1848) ; Plain Thoughts for 
Children (1849); Short Sermons to Little Chil- 
dren (1850) ; Thoughts Worth Remembering (1850) ; 
The Saint and the Sinner (1851); The Grace of 
Christ (1853) ; Rome against the Bible and the Bible 
against Rome (1854) ; Christ our Theme and Story 
(1855); The Church and Her Enenvies (1856); Vital 
Godliness (1865) ; Jehova Jireh (1866); Studies in 
the Book of Psalms (1866) ; The Rock of our Sal- 
vation(1867) ; Words of Truth and Love (1868) ; 
Commentaries on the Epistle to the Hebrews 
(1870), and on the Epistle to the Romans (1870) ; 
He died in Baltimore, Md., Oct. 22, 1880. 
PLUMMER, Mary Wright, librarian, was born 
at Richmond, Ind., in 1856; daughter of Jona- 
than Wright and Hannah Ann (Ballard) Plum- 
mer; granddaughter of John Thomas and Hannah 
(Wright) Plummer, and descended from the 
Plummers of Maryland, and the Ballards of Vir- 
ginia. She was graduated from the Friends 
academy, Richmond, Ind., 1872; pursued special 
studies at Wellesley college, Mass., 1881-82, and 
took a course in library science at Columbia 
university, 1886-88, whenshe became head of the 
cataloguing department in the St. Louis Public 
library, and in 1890 librarian of the Pratt Institute 
Free library, Brooklyn, N.Y., of which she was 
also appointed director in 1896. She was presi- 
dent of the New York Library club, 1896-97; 
vice-president of the Long Island Library club, 
1900-01, president, 1901-02; a member of the 
council, 1897-1901; vice-president of the Amer- 
ican Library association, 1900, and a delegate to 
the International congress of libraries at Paris, 
France, 1900. Her published works include: 


PLYMPTON 


Hints to Small Libraries (1894, 3d ed., 1902) ; 
Verses, (privately printed, 1896) ; Contemporary 
Spain as Shown by her Novelists (1899), and con- 
tributions to periodical literature. 

PLUNKET, James Dace, physician, was born 
in Franklin, Tenn., Aug. 20, 1839 ; son of James 
and Anna (Smyth) Plunket ; grandson of P, 
Dace and Mary Ross (Real) Plunket, and a des- 
cendant of Scotch-Irish ancestors. He studied 
medicine with Dr. Joseph Leidy and was gradu- 
ated from the University of Pennsylvania, M.D., 
1863. He was assistant surgeon in the Confeder- 
ate hospital at Knoxville, and later was promoted 
full surgeon and assigned to the 40th and sub- 
sequently to the 52d Georgia infantry, Stovall’s. 
brigade, Clayton’s division. He returned to 
Nashville in May, 1865, and in 1872 was married 
to Jane Eliza, daughter of John and Frances. 
(Hunton)Swope of Danville, Ky. He was elected 
professor of surgical anatomy in the medical de-: 
partment of Cumberland university, 1868. Owing 
to his effort a city board of health was formed 
in Nashville in 1866, of which he was secretary, 
and he was president of the city sanitary com- 
mission during the deadly epidemic of cholera, 
18738. He was president of the state board of 
health, 1877-97, and his strenuous but intelligent. 
and successful effort to quarantine Memphis dur- 
ing the yellow-fever epidemic of 1879 confined 
the epidemic to the city, but brought him into. 
antagonism with certain commercial interests in 
that city. In 1879 he was elected president of 
the sanitary council of the Mississippi valley, 
which position he still held in 19038. He was. 
elected a member of the American Medical as- 
sociation, the American Public Health associa- 
tion, the State Medical association, and the 
American Association for the Advancement of 
Science, serving as chairman of the committee 
on meteorology in 1878. 

PLYMPTON, George Washington, civil en- 
gineer, was born in Waltham, Mass., Nov. 18, 
1827; son of Thomas Ruggles and Elizabeth 
(Holden) Plympton; grandson of Peter Plymp- 
ton and of Lewis Holden, and a descendant of 
Thomas Plympton, who emigrated from Sud- 
bury, England, in 1640 and was one of the pioneer 
settlers of Sudbury, Mass. He attended the. 
public schools of Waltham, Mass., and obtained 
a position in a machine shop in 1844, where he 
became a practical mechanic and engineer. He 
was graduated from Renssalaer Polytechnic in- 
stitute, Troy, N.Y., C.E., 1847 ; was instructor in 
geodesy and mathematics in the institute, 1847- 
48, and engaged in civil engineering in Massa- 
chusetts, New York and Ohio, 1848-52. He was. 
professor of chemistry and toxicology in the 
Long Island College hospital, 1844-45 ; of en- 
gineering and architecture in Western Reserve. 


(284] 


bestia 


—a 


a A lt te te Ey af” poll 
















































POE 


un Geraity, Cleveland, Ohio, 1852-53 ; of mathe- 
in atics i in the state normal school, Albany, N.Y., 
18 353-55, and of physics and engineering at the 
Normal school, Trenton, N.J., 1857-59 ; of physi- 
_ eal science in the Brooklyn Bulviechaie institute, 
1863-69; of physics and engineering at Cooper 
Union, New York city, 1869-79, and became 
director of the Cooper Union night school in 
1879. He was chief engineer of the water board 
of Bergen, N.J.,and was appointed commissioner 
to supervise the construction of electrical sub- 
ways in Brooklyn, N.Y. He was twice married ; 
first on Dec. 17, 1855, to Delia M., daughter of 
Thomas Bussey of Troy, N.Y., and secondly, July 
Bd, 1861, to Helen M. Bussey, her sister. The 
honorary degree of A.M. was conferred on him 
F, by Hamilton college in 1854 and that of M.D. by 
~ Long Island College hospital. He edited Van 
 Nostrand’s Engineering Magazine (1870-86), and 
is the author of : The Blowpipe, a Guide to its Use 
in the Determination of Salts and Minerals (1858) ; 
— A Translation of Jannettaz’s * Guide to the Deter- 
mination of Rocks” (1877); The Star Finder or 
Planisphere with a Movable Horizon (1878) ; The 
— Aerinoid, and How to Use it (1880). 
POE, Edgar Allan, author, was born in Boston, 
~ Mass., Jan. 19, 1809; son of David and Elizabeth 
: (Arnold) Poe. His grandfather, David Poe, 
fought in the Revolutionary and 1812 wars, and 
his father, who had been educated for the law, 
had become an actor, married an actress, and 
was playing in Boston, when Edgar Allan, his 
_ second son, was born. His parents died when he 
was but two years old, and John Allan, a wealthy 
‘merchant of Richmond, adopted him. He at- 
_ tended school at Stoke Newington, England, and 
@ private school in Richmond, Va., and entered 
A? the Univer- 
: sity of Vir- 
ginia, Feb. 14, 
1826. He re- 
mained there 
but one year, 
worked in Mr. 
Allan’s count- 
ing-room a 
few months, 
and in 1827 
went to Bos- 
ton, where, at 
the age of 
eighteen, he 
) published his 
_ first volume 
of poems, 
which he later 
attempted to 
gone, he en- 
as Edgar A. 


d in the army, May 6, 1828, 


POE 


Perry. He was advanced from private to the 
rank of sergeant-major in less than nine months, 
and when Mr. Allan learned where he was 
he furnished a substitute and had Poe appointed 
to the U. S. Military academy, July 1, 1830. 
Poe found the life distasteful to him, and Mr. 
Allan refusing to allow him to resign, he suc- 
ceeded in being cashiered in 1831. In 1829 he 
had published a second edition of his poems 
under a new title, and in 1831 he published a 
third volume, dedicated to his fellow students. 
Mr. Allan’s anger at the Military Academy dis- 
grace caused Poe to leave his home and go to 
Baltimore, where he took up literature as a pro- 
fession, turning his attention to prose. His first 
story, published in the Saturday Visitor in 1833, 
won him the $100 prize offered by that paper. 
He became editor of the Southern Literary Mes- 
senger of Richmond in 1835, and here he began 
to show the peculiar, mystical side of his writ- 
ings and his ability and fearlessness as a critic. 
He became editor of Graham’s Magazine in 1836 
and in the same year was married to his young 
cousin, Virginia Clemm. He was made associate 
editor of the ‘* Gentleman's Magazine in 1839, and 
in 1841, when this was merged into Graham’s 
Magazine, became editor. It was at this time 
that he published his theories in regard to cryp- 
tography, and demonstrated them by solving a 
hundred miscellaneous specimens that were sent 
to him by his contributors. This sanie year he 
won a hundred dollar prize with his story ‘* The 
Gold-Bug.” In 1842 he left Graham’s Magazine 
and in 1844 became editorial assistant on the 
Evening Mirror, then conducted by N, P. Willis, 
and in its columns in 1845 first published ‘‘ The 
Raven.” In 1846, after an unsuccessful attempt 
to conduct the Broadway Journal, he withdrew to 
Fordham, N. Y., where on Jan. 30, 1847, his wife 
died, and he became a complete recluse, Poe’s 
works include: Tamerlane and Other Poems 
(1827) ; Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems 
(1829) ; Poems (1831) ; A Manuseript Found in a 
Bottle (Saturday Visitor, 1833); Berenice (South- 
ern Literary Messenger, 1834); The Fall of the 
House of Usher (Gentleman's Magazine, 1840); 
The Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840) ; 
The Murders in the Rue Morgue (Gentleman’s 
Magazine, 1841); The Gold-Bug (Dollar Magazine, 
1842); The Raven (1845); The Literati of New 
York (Godey’s Lady's Book, 1846); Eureka, a Prose 
Poem (1847) ; Ulalume, The Bells and Annabel Lee, 
written after 1847. Rufus W. Griswold prepared 
a memoir of Poe which he published in 1880. 
Mrs. Sarah Helen Whitman wrote ‘‘ Edgar A. 
Poe and his Critics ” (1859); William Fearing Gill 
(q.v.) refuted certain statements of Griswold in 
“The Life of Edgar Allan Poe ” (1876), and George 
E. Woodbury wrote ‘‘ Edgar Allan Poe,” for the 


[285] 


POE 


‘“* American Men of Letters” (1885). The Balti- 
more school teachers erected a monument to Poe, 
1875, and the actors of the United States placed a 
memorial in the Metropolitan museum in 1885, Ed- 
win Booth and William Winter officiating. The 
Poe Memorial association unveiled a bust of Poe 
by Zolnay at University of Virginia, October, 1899, 
William Fearing Gill, Hamilton W. Mabie and 
Robert Burns Wilson assisting, and a cenotaph 
erected in his memory was unveiled in Baltimore, 
Md., October, 1899. His name received thirty- 
eight votes for a place in the Hall of Fame for 
Great Americans, New York university, October, 
1900. He died in Baltimore, Md., Oct. 7, 1849. 
POE, Orlando Metcalf, soldier, was born in 
Navarre, Ohio, March 7, 1832. He was grad- 
uated from the U. S. Military academy in 1856 
and was assigned to the corps of topographical 
engineers. Heserved on the survey of the north- 
ern lakes, 1856-61, and was promoted 2d _ lieu- 
tenant, Oct. 7, 1856, and 1st lieutenant, July 1, 
1860. He engaged in organizing volunteers in 
Ohio, 1861, and was chief topographical engineer, 
department of the Ohio, May 13, to July 15, 
1861, taking part in the action of Rich Mountain, 
Va., July 11, 1861. He was amember of the staff 
of General McClellan, at Washington, D.C., July— 
September, 1861; appointed colonel of 2d Michi- 
gan volunteers, Sept. 16, 1861, and commanded 
his regiment in the defences of Washington, 1861- 
62; in the Army of the Potomac, March-—June, 
1862, being engaged in the siege of Yorktown, 
and the battles of Wiliamsburg and Fair Oaks. 
He was in the Northern Virginia campaign, Aug.— 
Sept., 1862, commanding the 3d brigade, Kearny’s 
division, Heintzleman’s corps, in the battle of 
Manassas, Aug. 29, 1862; was engaged in the de- 
fences of Washington, D.C., Sept.-Oct., 1862; in 
the Maryland campaign, Oct.—Nov., 1862; was 
promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, Nov. 
29, 1862 ; commanded the 1st brigade, 1st division, 
9th corps, in the Rappahannock campaign, taking 
part in the battle of Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 
13, 1862, and he commanded his division, Feb.- 
April, 1863. He was fromoted captain, U.S.A., 
March 3, 1863, and was chief engineer of the cen- 
tral district of Kentucky, April-June, 1863 ; chief 
engineer of the 23rd army corps, June-Sept., 1863, 
and chief engineer of the Army of the Ohio, Sept.— 
Dec., 1863. He was assistant engineer of the mili- 
tary division of the Mississippi, Dec., 1863-April, 
1864, and chief engineer of Sherman’s army, April. 
1864-June, 1865. He was brevetted major, July 
6, 1864, for services at the siege of Knoxville; 
lieutenant-colonel, Sept. 1, 1864, for gallantry at 
the capture of Atlanta; colonel, Dec. 21, 1864, 
for services in the capture of Savannah, brigadier- 
general, March 18, 1865, for services in the Caro- 
lina campaign. After the war he was engineer 


POINSETT 


secretary of the W.D. lighthouse board, 1865-70 ; 
was commissioned major, March 7, 1867, and con- 
structed the light house on Spectacle reef, Lake 
Huron in 1870-73. He was aide-de-camp to Gen. 
William 8. Sherman, 1873-84, and had charge of 
the river and harbor works from Lake Erie to 
Lake Superior. He was promoted lieutenant- 
colonel in 1882 and colonel in 1888. He waschief 
engineer of the Northwest district and was in- 
specting the great lock at Sault de Ste. Marie, 
where he was fatally injured. He died at Detroit, 
Mich., Oct. 2, 1895. 

POINDEXTER, George, senator, was born in 
Louisa county, Va., in 1779. His parents, who 
were of Huguenot descent, died in his early 
youth and he was educated for the law. He 
practised in Milton, Va., 1800-02, and in 1802 re- 


moved to Mississippi Territory, where he contin- | 


ued in the practice of the law and became a 
popular politician of the Jeffersonian school. 
In 1803, as attorney-general of the territory, he 
was called upon to prosecute Aaron Burr, who 
was arrested by the U.S. authorities in the terri- 
tory. This led to a challenge from and duel with 
Abijah Hunt, a friend of Burr, Poindexter 
killing his adversary. He was a member of the 
territorial legislature, 1805-07 ; a delegate to the 
10th, 11th, and 12th congresses, 1807-13, and 
U.S. judge for the district of Mississippi, 1813-19. 
He served as a volunteer-aide to General Jack- 
son at the battle of New Orleans, was a member 
of the Mississippi constitutional convention of 
1817, and was chairman of the committee ap- 
pointed to draft a constitution for the newly ad- 
mitted state. He was the first representative from 
the state in the 15th congress, 1817-19, where he 
defended the military and political course of 
General Jackson. He was governor of Miss- 
issippi, 1519-21; continued his law practice in 
Jackson, Miss., 1821-30, and in 1830 was ap- 
pointed U.S. senator to fill the vacancy caused 
by the death of Robert H. Adams, and when 
the legislature met he was elected to fill out 
the term expiring March 38, 1835. In the sen- 
ate he transferred his allegiance from Jackson 
to Calhoun and voted for Henry Clay's resolu- 
tion of censure of President Jackson. In 1885, 
failing to receive political favor in Mississippi, 
he removed to Louisville, Ky. He was com- 
missioned by President Tyler to investigate 
frauds in the New York Custom house. He is the 
author of Revised Code of the Laws of Mis- 
sissippi (1824). He died in Jackson, Sept. 5, 1853. 

POINSETT, Joel Roberts, cabinet officer, 
was born in Charleston, S.C., March 2, 1779. He 
attended school at Charleston; Greenfield, 
Conn., and in London, England; studied medi- 
cine at Edinburgh; entered the Military school 
at Woolwich, England, and in 1800 returned to 


[286] 


oe 











POLAND 
















































rleston and studied law, his father persuad- 
¢him against entering the army. He again 
isited Europe, and was offered a commission in 
the Russian army by the Czar, which he declined. 
On his return to the United States he was pro- 
posed as quartermaster-general of the U.S. army, 
but upon Secretary Eustis objecting, President 
u Madison withdrew his name and sent him to 
South America to investigate the condition of 
the people fighting for independence from Spain, 
with a view of establishing friendly relations 
with the revolutionists. While he was in Chili, 
several American merchant vessels in both the 
ports of Peru and Chili were seized by the 
_ Spanish authorities of Peru, the people having 
news of a war between the United States and 
Spain. Mr. Poinsett was furnished by the re- 
publican authorities of Chili with a small army 
with which he recaptured the merchantmen. 
He was obliged to return to the United States 
~ across the Andes, being prevented by the British 
naval authorities at Valparaiso from embarking 
by sea, and he arrived home after the declara- 
tion. He was a representative for several years 
‘in the state legislature, and in the 17th and 18th 
- congresses, 1821-25. In congress he advocated 
the policy of recognition of the rights of strug- 
gling republics in South America. He was sent 
_ to Mexico by President Monroe on a special mis- 
sion in 1822, and was U.S. minister to Mexico 
during the entire administration of J. Q. Adams. 
He opposed nullification and during the attempt- 
ed revolution organized a military company in 
Charleston, which was supplied by order of 
President Jackson with arms and ammunition 
from the government stores in Charleston. He 
was secretary of war in the cabinet of President 
Van Buren, 1837-41, and upon the expiration of his 
erm of office retired to private life. He was 
oted to science and literary pursuits, and 
de valuable observations and collections of 
al history specimens which he presented to 
erent scientific societies. The Poinsetta pul- 
rind, an indigenous Mexican flower, was 
amed in his honor on his introducing it into 
» United States. The honorary degree of LL.D. 
conferred on him by Columbia college in 
5. He founded the Academy of Fine Arts in 
; en. 8.C. In 1887 Capt. W. A. Courtenay 
(q.v.) presented to the city of Charleston a por- 
ait of Mr. Poinsett, painted by Jarvis. He is 
t e author of: Notes on Mexico, made in 1822 
pith an Historical Sketch of the Revolution (1824). 
died in Statesburg, S.C., Dec. 12, 1851. 

-OLAND, Luke Potter, senator, was born in 
Westford, Vt., Nov. 1, 1815; son of Luther and 
a ney (Potter) Poland. His father, a carpenter, 
noved from Brookfield, Mass., to Westford, Vt., 
: 314, and wasa representative in the state legis- 


: 


POLK 


lature. Luke Potter Poland attended the public 
schools and the academy at Jericho until 1832; 
was a clerk in a country store in Waterville ; 
worked on his father’s farm and in the saw mill ; 
taught school at Morristown Vt., for one winter, 
and studied law in the office of Samuel A. 
Willard. He was admitted to the bar in 1836 and 
practised in Waterville. He was register of pro- 
bate for Lamoille county, 1839-40; a member of 
the state constitutional convention in 1848, and 
state attorney for Lamoille county, 1844-45. He 
was the unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant- 
governor on the Free Soil ticket in 1848, a judge 
of the state supreme court, 1848-60, and chief 
justice, 1860-66. He removed to St. Johnsbury, 
and on the death of Senator Jacob Collamer in 
1865 was chosen by the legislature to fill the un- 
expired term, terminating March 3, 1867. Hewas 
a representative in the 40th-43d congresses, 
1867-75 ; was a member of the judiciary com- 
mittee; had charge of the bankruptcy bill, secur- 
ing its passage, and obtained the passage June 3, 
1874, of the act to revise and consolidate the 
statutes of the United States. He was chairman 
of the committee to investigate ‘the Kuklux 
outrages ; chairman of the Credit Mobilier inves- 
tigating committee, and chairman of the special 
committee to investigate the troubles in Arkan- 
sas, his report being in direct antagonism to the 
views of President Grant. He was chairman of 
the state delegation to the Republican national 
convention of 1876, declined to permit the use of 
his name for vice-president and secured the nom- 
ination of William A. Wheeler. He was a repre- 
sentative from St. Johnsbury in the state legisla- 
ture in 1878, and in 1882 he unsuccessfully con- 
tested Senator Morrill’s seat in the U. S. senate. 
He was a Republican representative from the 
second district of Vermont in the 48th congress, 
1883-85, by 804 majority. He was twice married : 
first, Jan. 12, 1838, to Martha Smith, daughter of 
Dr. William Page of Waterville ; she died in April, 
1854, and he was married, secondly, to Adelia H. 
Page, her sister. The honorary degree of A. M. 
was conferred on him by the University of Ver- 
mont in 1857, and that of LL.D. in 1861. Hewas 
a trustee of the University of Vermont, 1879-88, 
and the founder of the Westford scholarship in 
honor of his native town. He diedin Water- 
ville, Vt., July 2, 1887. 

POLK, Charles: governor of Delaware, was 
born near Bridgeville, Sussex county, Del., Nov. 
14, 1788; son of Charles, and grandson of Charles 
Polk. His father died when he was a boy, and 
he studied law under Kensey Johns, but never 
practised. He represented Sussex county in the 
state legislature in 1813 and 1815, removed to 
Kent county, Del., in 1816, and subsequently rep- 
resented that county in the state legislature. 


[287] 


POLK 


He was Federalist governor of Delaware, succeed- 
ing David Hazzard, 1827-30; president of the 
state constitutional convention, 1831; a member 
of the state senate, 1832, and its president in 
1836, when by the death of 
Gov. Caleb P. Bennett, he 
again became governor and 
served through that year. 
He was made register of wills 
for Kent county in 1848, and 
was appointed collector of 
the port of Wilmington by 
President Taylor in 1849. He was married to 
Mary Purnell of Berlin, Ind., and of their sons, 
William A. Polk was register of wills in Kent 
county, and Dr. Charles G. Polk was assistant 
surgeon, U.S. A. Governor Polk died near Mil- 
ford, Kent county, Del., Oct. 27, 1857. 

POLK, James Knox, eleventh president of the 
United States, was born in Mecklenburg county, 
N. C., Nov. 2, 1795; son of Samuel and Jane 
(Knox) Polk; grandson of Ezekiel Polk and of 
Capt. James Knox, an officer in the Continental 
army during the Revolutionary war; grand- 
nephew of Col. Thomas Polk (q.v.), and a de- 
scendant of Robert Polk (or Pollock), who came 
from Ross county, Donegal, Ireland, to Maryland 
about 1660. James Knox Polk removed with his 
father in 1806 to Maury county, Tennessee, and 
assisted his father on the farm and in land sur- 
veying. He attended school in Maury county, but 
ill health caused his removal and he obtained em- 
ploymentinastore. This occupation soon proved 
distasteful, and after continuing his studies under 
a private tutor he entered the sophomore class of 
the University of North Carolina, where he was 
graduated with the Latin salutatory and high 
standing in mathematics, A.B., 1818, A.M., 1822. 
He studied law with Felix Grundy at Nashville, 
Tenn., 1819- 20, was admitted to the bar at Col- 
umbia, Tenn., in 1820, and began practice in 
Columbia, where he attained prominence. He 
entered politics asa stump-speaker and was chief 
clerk in the statesenate. He was married in 1824 
to Sarah Childress (q.v.). He was a Democratic 
representative in the state legislature, 1823-25, and 
secured the passage of a law prohibiting duelling 
in the state. He was a representative from the 
Duck River district in the 19th-25th congresses, 
1825-39 ; and his maiden speech in the house was 
in support of the proposed amendment to the con- 
stitution providing for the election of President 
and Vice-President by popular vote. He opposed 
the appropriation for the Panama mission, as tend- 
ing to invite the hostility of Spain, and was placed 
on the committee of foreign affairs in 1827. He 
was chairman of the committee to provide for 
the anticipated distribution of the surplus in the 
U.S. treasury after the payment of the national 





POLK 


debt. and in his report denied the constitutional 
right of congress to use this surplus for internal 
improvements and proposed a reduction of the 
tariff so as merely to meet the public debt and 
current expenses. He was a member of the ways 
and means committee, and as chairman of the 
committee in 1833 opposed the continuance of 
the patronage of the government to the Bank 
of the United States and upon the removal of the 
national deposits by President Jackson in Oct- 
ober, 1833, he supported the action of the adminis- 
tration. He was defeated for speaker of the 
house in 1834, but was elected in December, 1835, 
and served until March 4, 1839. He was nomin- 
ated as the Democratic candidate for governor of 
the state of Tennessee in 1838, and upon the ex- 
piration of his term in congress, March 3, 1839, he 
entered upon the canvass. His opponent, Newton ~ 
Cannon (q.v.), was then governor, and after a 
spirited contest, Polk was elected by 2500 major- 
ity, and was inaugurated, Oct. 14, 1839. He was 
again a candidate for governor in 1841 and in 
1848, but was both times defeated by his Whig — 
opponent, James C. Jones. He was proposed by 
the legislatures of Tennessee and several other 
states as a suitable candidate for Vice-President of 
the United States in 1840, and received one elect- 
oral vote from Tennessee in 1841. During the 
controversy in 1844, arising from the proposed 
admission of the j& 

Republic of Texas, 
formerly claimed as 
territory of the 
United States, into 
the Union asastate, 
he declared himself 
in favor of immedi- 
ate admission, hold- 
ing that there was 
danger of the repub- 
lic becoming a de- 
pendency of Great 
Britain, and his 
course in this mat- 
ter secured for him 
the nomination for President by the Demo- 
cratic national convention at Baltimore, May 27, 
1844, with George M. Dallas of Pennsylvania for 
Vice-President. After an exciting canvas the 
Democratic electoral ticket received 1,337,248 
votes ; that for Clay and Frelinghuysen receiving 
1,299,068 votes, while the Liberty party ticket, 
Birney and Morris, received 62,300 popular votes. 
In the electoral college of 1845 Polk and Dallas 
received 170 votes to 105 votes for Clay and Fre- 
linghuysen. He was inaugurated, March 4, 1845, 
and immediately named his cabinet, composed of 
James Buchanan of Pennsylvania, secretary of 
state ; Robert J. Walker of Mississippi, secretary 














REPUBLIC 


or TEXAS 


[288] 








4 








' POLK 


of the treasury ; William L. Marcy of New York, 
secretary of war; George Bancroft of Massa- 
chusetts, secretary of the navy ; Cave Johnson of 
Tennessee, postmaster-general, and John Y. Mason 
of Virginia, attorney-general. The only changes 
in the cabinet during the administration were in 
the navy department, where Mr. Bancroft was 






(i ee 
Sos 
THE WHITE HOUSE (823, 


succeeded in 1846 by John Y. Mason, and in the 
attorney-general’s office, where Mr. Mason was 
succeeded in 1846 by Nathan Clifford of Maine, 
who was in turn succeeded in 1848 by Isaac 
Toucey of Connecticut. The President appointed 
as U.S. minister to Great Britain, Louis McLane 
ot Maryland, who resigned, Aug. 18, 1846, and was 
succeeded by George Bancroft. John L. Martin 
of North Carolina was made U.S. chargé d’affaires 
at Paris, and was succeeded in 1847 by Richard 
Rush of Pennsylvania as U.S. minister. William 
H. Stiles of Georgia served as chargé d’affaires at 
Vienna, Austria; Ralph I. Ingersoll of Con- 
necticut as U.S. minister to Russia, resigning in 
1848 and being succeeded by Arthur P. Bagby of 
Alabama; Romulus M. Saunders of North Caro- 
lina as U.S. minister toSpain, and John Slidell of 
Louisiana, U.S. minister toMexico. During Pre- 
sident Polk’s administration he appointed the 
following justices of the U.S. supreme court: 
Samuel Nelson of New York and Levi Woodbury 
of New Hampshire in 1845, and Robert C. Grier 
of Pennsylvania in 1846. In the President’s first 
annual message to congress, Dec. 2, 1845, he de- 
clared that any attempt on the part of Mexico to 
interfere in the matter of the annexation of Texas 
to the United States would be resented by the 
government; recommended the speedy settle- 
ment of the Oregon boundary question; called 
the attention of congress, to the importance of 
modifying and reducing the rates of duty im- 
posed by the tariff laws, and recommended that 
a constitutional treasury be created for the safe 
keeping of the public money. On Dec. 20, 1845, 
John Slidell, U.S. minister to Mexico, was ap- 
prised that the Mexican government could not 
receive a minister from the United States, and 
on Jan. 13, 1846, an order was issued to Gen. 
Zachary Taylor, directing him to advance to- 
ward the Rio Grande and to be ready for an open 
act of hostility. Taylor reached Point Isabel, 





wel 
bir doco 


POLK 


Jan. 24, 1846, where he was met by a deputation 
who protested against his advance into the coun- 
try. This he ignored, however, and on March 28, 
1846, he took position opposite Matamoras on the 
Rio Grande. On April 24, learning that the Mexi- 
cans were crossing the river above his camp, he 
sent Captain Thornton with a company of 
dragoons to reconnoiter. Thornton, however, 
fell into the hands of a large force of Mexicans, 
and his whole company was either killed or impri- 
soned. This was the first engagement of the 
war, and on May 11, 
1846, the President 
issued his ‘*‘ Mexican 
war message,” calling 
on twelve states and 
the District of Colum- 
bia for 23,000 volun- 
teers, asking for a 
loan of $10,000,000 to 
carry on the war, and 
for an appropriation 4 
of $2,000,000 to be “# 

used in an amicable 
settlement of difficul- 
ties with Mexico by 
arbitration. Congress 
passed an act, May 
13, 1846, declaring war with Mexico. General 
Taylor, meanwhile, was attacked at Palo Alto, 
and although greatly outnumbered, defeated 
the Mexicans under General Arista, and on 
May 9, followed this up by a victory at Resaca 
de la Palma, which drove Arista across the 
Rio Grande into Mexico. On Sept. 5 he moved 
toward Monterey; on the 2ist the attack on 
the place began, and on the 24th the Mexi- 
cans capitulated, and Taylor took possession of 
the city. The conquest of California and New 
Mexico was begun in May, 1846, by the Army 
of the West under Gen. Stephen W. Kearny, 
and on Aug. 18, 1846, the army reached Santa Fé, 
which immediately capitulated without defence, 
and Kearny declared New Mexico a territory of 
the United States. In January, 1847, an insurrec- 
tion took place in New Mexico, and Governor 
Bent and other officers of the government were 
murdered, Jan. 19, 1847, by Mexicans and Puebla 
Indians, but it was put down after a fight at 
Puebla de Saos by the army under Col. Sterling 
Price, who had the leaders of the insurrection 
convicted of treason, President Polk, however, 
ordered their liberation. In the President’s 
second annual message, Dec. 8, 1846, he set forth 
clearly the causes and responsibility for the war 
with Mexico, and favored the further prosecu- 
tion of the war, arguing that California, New 
Mexico, and a considerable territory west of the 
Rio Grande had been conquered, and that any 





[289] 


POLK 


response to the Mexican proposition to treat, at 
this time, ‘‘ involved the abandonment of all this 
territory.” He also publicly proposed extending 
the Missouri compromise line across to the Pacific, 
but the adjustment did not pass congress. He 
favored the settlement of the slavery question in 
California by the people of that territory, and 
the annexation of Cuba by purchase from Spain. 
In June, 1846, a bill was passed in the house for 
the repeal of the obnoxious tariff of 1842, but it 
was tied in the senate and the vote of Mr. Dallas, 
the vice-president, became necessary for the 
decision. The bill finally passed, June 28, 1846, 
establishing a new tariff to produce a revenue 
necessary to meet the expenses of the govern- 
ment only. Atthe beginning of Polk’s administra- 
tion, a thorough system of internal improvements 
was favored by congress, but was not approved 
of by him, and he vetoed the bill for the improve- 
ment of harbors and rivers, Aug. 3, 1846, and 
again, Dec. 15, 1847. Congress having deter- 
mined vigorously to prosecute the war with 
Mexico, General Scott with 10,000 men landed at 
Vera Cruz under cover of the fleet of Commodore 
David Conner, March 9, 1847, and the castle of 
San Juan de Ulloa was bombarded by the naval 
fleet, then under Commodore M. C. Perry, in co- 
operation with the army which had entrenched 
and laid siege to the city. The bombardment 
ended with the capitulation of the city, March 
29, 1847. Scott’s victorious army then took up 
the march to the city of Mexico, and after fight- 
ing several desperate battles en route, the Stars 
and Stripes were planted in the capital city, Sept. 
13-14, 1847, and peace soon resulted with a treaty 
that defined the boundary between the two re- 
publics. Then followed the agitation of the ques- 
tion of slavery in the newly acquired territory, 
which was raised by David Wilmot of Penn- 
sylvania, who on behalf of the Whigs and northern 
Democrats offered an amendment to the U.S. 
constitution, prohibiting slavery in any such ter- 
ritory. The passage of this bill was secured in 
the house, but it was sent to the senate too late 
to be acted upon. The Oregon boundary ques- 
tion now caused a dispute with England, and the 
Democratic national convention of 1844 demand- 
ed the occupation of Oregon up to the line of the 
54°40’ north latitude, regardless of consequences. 
The President issued the required twelve months’ 
notice to Great Britain, and negotiations followed, 
resulting in a compromise, Great Britain yield- 
ing her claim to the territory between the 49th 
parallel and the Columbia river. The treaty was 
signed, June 15, 1846, and Oregon became a free 
state. During President Polk’s administration con- 
gress adopted, on his recommendation, the public 
warehousing system; the 35th article of the 
treaty with Grenada was ratified, June 10, 1848; 


[290] 


POLK 


the postal treaty with Great Britain was negoti- 
ated, Dec. 15, 1848, and commercial treaties were 
formed with the secondary states of Germany. 
At the close of his term of office he refused to 
become a candidate for renomination, his health, 
never rugged, having been undermined by his 
labors as President, and he retired to his home 
near Nashville. He was a trustee of the Uni- 
versity of Nashville, ex-officio, 1837-41, and re- 
ceived the honorary degree of LL.D. from the 
University of North Carolina in 1845. He died 
in Nashville, Tenn., June 15, 1849. 

POLK, Leonidas, first bishop of Louisiana 
and 83d in succession in the American episco- 
pate, was born in Raleigh, N.C., April 10, 1806; 
son of Gen. William (q.v.) and Sarah (Hawkins) 
Polk. He matriculated at the University of North 
Carolina in 1821, and was graduated from the 


U.S. Military academy as brevet 2d lieutenant 


of artillery in 1827. He resigned his commission, 
Dec. 1, 1827, in order to study for the Protestant 
Episcopal ministry ; was ordained deacon in 
1830, priest in 1831; was assistant rector of the 
Monumental church, Richmond, Va., 1831-82, 
and rector of St. Peter’s church, Columbia, 
Tenn., 1833-38. He was clerical deputy to the 
general convention of the P.E. church, 1854-35 ; 
served on the standing committee of the diocese 
in 1835, and was consecrated 1st missionary 
bishop of Arkansas, Dec. 9, 1838, by Bishops 
Meade of Virginia; Smith of Kentucky ; Mcll- 
vaine of Ohio, and Otey of Tennessee. The 
charge comprised the dioceses of Alabama, 
Mississippi and Louisiana, and the 
Episcopal missions in Texas. In 
1841 he was chosen first bishop 
of Louisiana. He was one of the 
founders of the University of the s-4 
South at Sewanee, Tenn., in 1860, 
and in 1861 joined the Confed- 
erate army as major-general. He 





commanded the territory from the mouth 
of the Red river to Cairo, on the Ohio, 
with headquarters at Memphis, Tenn., and 


engaged in constructing elaborate fortifica- 
tions at New Madrid, Fort Pillow, Columbus, 
Ky., Island No. 10, and Memphis, transfer- 
ring his headquarters to Columbus, Sept. 4, 
1861. He commanded the Confederate troops 
in the battle of Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7, 1861; 
joined Johnston’s and Beauregard’s army at 
Corinth, Miss., and commanded the Ist army 
corps in the battle of Shiloh, Tenn., April 6, 
1862, and the siege of Corinth, Miss., April-May, 
1862. He commanded the Army of the Missis- 
sippi in the invasion of Kentucky, and at the 
battle of Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862, and the 
armies of Kentucky and Mississippi in the Con- 
federate retreat from Kentucky. He was pro- 





pT I PD) cre api he NT 


ty 


ttc 




































POLK 


‘moted lieutenant-general in October, 1862, and 
Co ommanded the right wing of the Army of 
‘Tennessee at the battle of Stone’s river, Dec. 31, 
1862. In the Chickamauga campaign, through his 
alleged disobedience 
of General Bragg’s 
orders, the Federal 
army was allowed to 
escape at the battle of 
Chickamauga, Sept. 
20, 1868, and he was 
relieved of his com- 
mand and ordered to 
Atlanta. He later de- 
clined President Da- 
vis’s offer of re-instate- 
ment. He command- 
ed the paroled Con- 
federate prisoners at 
Vicksburg and Port 
Hudson, and in Sep- 
tember, 1863, succeeded General Joseph E. John- 
ston tothe command of the department of Alaba- 
‘ma, Mississippi and East Louisiana. His army 
combined with General Johnston’s in the opposi- 
tion of Sherman’s march to Atlanta, Ga. He was 
_ mortally wounded by a cannon shot during the 
action of Pine Mountain, Ga. General Polk re- 
_ ceived the honorary degree of D.D. from Columbia 
college in 1838, and that of LL.D. elsewhere. He 
_ died on the battle-field of Pine Mountain, Ga., 
June 14, 1864; was buried in St. Paul’s church- 
yard, Augusta, Ga., and in 1902 a monument to 
his memory was er eed on the spot where he fell. 
POLK, Lucius Eugene, soldier, was born in 
_ Salisbury, N.C., July 10, 1833 ; son of Dr. William 
Julius Polk of Columbia, Tenn., and grandson 
of General William Polk (q.v.). He was liber- 
ally educated; was graduated from the Uni- 
versity of Virginia in 1852, and in 1861 enlisted 


tain Patrick R. Cleburne’s company, afterward 
; known as the 1st Arkansas. He took part in the 
capture of Fort Smith ; the battle of Shiloh, 
April 6, 1862, where the regiment was cut to 
pieces, and assumed command of his company 
and led them during the two days’ fight. He was 
promoted colonel; was commended for gallantry 
is General Finrdée’ s official report ; served under 
General Kirby Smith in the Kentucky campaign, 
and was wounded at Richmond, Ky., and at Perry- 
ville. He was promoted pie general, De- 
cember, 1862, and commanded the 1st (Cleburne) 
‘aiphen 2d division, Hardee’s corps, in the battle 
of Stone’s river, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862; Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn., Nov. 23, 1863; Missionary Ridge, 
7. 1863 ; Ringgold Gap, Nov. 27, 1863, where 
eg three Union flags, and at New 
e Church, Ga., May 25, 1864, where he was 


in the Confederate army as 1st lieutenant in Cap- . 


POLK 


wounded and crippled for life. He returned 
to his plantation in Maury county, Tenn. He 
married his cousin, Sallie Moore Polk, and of 
their children, Rufus King Polk (q.v.) was a 
representative in the 56th and 57th congresses. 
General Polk was a delegate to the Democratic 
national convention at Chicago in 1884, and a 
representative in the state senate in 1887. He 
died near ‘‘ West Brook,” Tenn., Dec. 1, 1893. 

POLK, Rufus King, representative, was born 
in Columbia, Tenn., Aug. 23, 1866 ; son of General 
Lucius Eugene (q.v.) and Sally Moore (Polk) Polk. 
He prepared for college at Webb’s academy, 
Culleoka, Tenn., and was graduated from Lehigh 
university, B.S., 1887, M.E., 1888. He was mar- 
ried in 1892 to Isabella, daughter of Isaac K. 
and Emma (Porter) Grier of Danville, Pa. He 
engaged in business as general manager of the 
North Branch Steel company, Danville, Pa., 
until 1896, when the firm of Howe and Polk, 
manufacturers of iron and steel, was formed. 
He served in the Spanish war as 1st lieutenant in 
the 12th Pennsylvania volunteers, 1898; was a 
delegate at large to the Democratic national con- 
vention, 1900, and a representative from the 
seventeenth district of Pennsylvania in the 56th 
and 57th congresses, 1899-1902, declining re- 
nomination to the 58th congress in 1902. He 
was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, 
State of North Carolina Chapter. He died at 
Philadelphia, Pa., March 5, 1902. 

POLK, Sarah cuildress! wife of Bracktant 
Polk, was born near Murfreesborough, Tenn., 
Sept. 4, 1803; daughter of Joel and Elizabeth 
Childress. She attended the Moravian institute, 
Salem, N.C., and was married in 1824 to James 
Knox Polk, who was 
then clerk of the 
state senate of Ten- 
nessee. In 1824 he 
was elected a repre- 
sentative in congress, 
and Mrs. Polk accom- 
panied him to Wash- 
ington. She became 
amember of the Pres- 
byterian church in 7% 
1834. Upon her hus- * 
band’s inauguration * 
as President of the 
United States in 1845, 
she devoted herself 
entirely to the social 
duties incident to her position as mistress of 
the White House. At her weekly receptions, 
which were largely attended, she introduced 
several radical changes, notably, the absence of 
refteshments and the discontinuance of dancing. 
Notwithstanding these innovations in social cus- 





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POLK 


toms, she was extremely popular. She had no 
children. Upon the death of her husband in 
1849, she removed to ‘‘ Polk Place,” Nashville, 
Tenn. The United States government granted 
her a pension of $5,000 per annum. She died at 
Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 14, 1891. 

POLK, Thomas, patriot, was born in Mary- 
land, about 1732; son of William Polk, and 
grandson of Robert Pollock, who came from 
Ross, county Donegal, Ireland, in 1659, and 
settled in Delaware, Md., in 1660, changing his 
name to Polk. William Polk removed to Penn- 
sylvania in 1753, and Thomas, after visiting 
points in Maryland and Virginia, settled in 
Mecklenburg county, N.C., where he became an 
extensive landowner; was chosen a member of 
the provincial assembly in 1769, and in 1771 ob- 
tained the passage of an act to establish Queen’s 
college at Charlotte, N.C. He was a mover 
among the Scotch-Irish of Mecklenburg county, 
toward the renouncing of all allegiance to the 
crown of Great Britain. They passed a resolve to 
set up a government for themselves, May 20, 
1775, and he was authorized to issue a call for a 
convention whenever he deemed it advisable. 
After the drafting of the Mecklenburg Declara- 
tion of Independence, of which he was a framer 
and signer, he is said to have read the document 
from the steps of the court house. He was a 
member of the committee that prepared a plan 
for securing the internal peace and safety of the 
provinces, Aug. 24, 1775, and in 1776 he was 
appointed captain of the North Carolina com- 
pany, that was detailed to 
am convey the ‘ Liberty Bell ” 

§ from Philadelphia to Al- 
lentown, Pa., on the ap- 
=) proach of the British. He 
" was appointed colonel of 
a battalion of minute men 
in the Salisbury district, 
and with 700 militia he re- 
inforced General Andrew 
Williamson at Ninety-Six. 
He was commissioned col- 
onel of the 4th regiment, April 4, 1776, and joined 
the army under Washington. He was with Gen- 
eral Benjamin Lincoln at Charleston, 8.C., in No- 
vember, 1779, and after the fall of that place was 
appointed commissary-general for North Caro- 
lina and commissary of purchase for the army, 
which position he resigned in 1780 on account 
of adisagreement with General Gates. He was 
later appointed by General Greene district com- 
missary, and after the battle at Cowans Ford, he 
was offered the command of the militia of Salis- 
bury district, with the rank of brigadier-general ; 
but the appointment was not confirmed by the 
governor and his council, and in May, 1781, he 





POLK 


was superseded. After the war he purchased 
land warrants from the soldiers of the disbanded 
army, who had received them in payment of 
services, and thus he largely increased his estates. 
He died in Charlotte, N.C., in 1793. 

POLK, Trusten, senator, was born in Sussex 
county, Del., May 29, 1811. He was graduated 
from Yale, A.B., 1831, A.M., 1845 ; studied law 
at home and in the law department of Yale col- 
lege; resided in Delaware, 1832-35 ; engaged in 
the practice of law in St. Louis, Mo., 1835-56 and 
1865-76 ; was a member of the Missouri constitu- 
tional convention in 1845; a presidential elector 
in 1848; Democratic governor of Missouri, 1857 ; 
U.S. senator, 1857-62, and on Jan. 10, 1862, was 


expelled for disloyalty, having already served as © 


an officer in the Confederate government. He was 
a prisoner of war in 1864, and judge in the mili- 
tary courts of the department of Mississippi, 1864- 
65. He died in St. Louis, Mo., April 16, 1876. 
POLK, William, patriot, was born in Mecklen- 
burg county, N.C., July 9, 1758; son of Col. 
Thomas Polk (q.v.). He attended Queen’s college, 
Charlotte, N.C., leaving on the outbreak of the 
Revolution to join the patriot army as 2d lieu- 
tenant, 3d 8.C. regiment. He commanded a de- 
tachment in various fights with the Tories in 
South Carolina, in one of which he was wounded ; 
became major of the 9th N.C. regiment, Nov. 26, 
1776 ; joined Washington’s army, and served at 
Brandywine and Germantown, being severely 
wounded at the latter. He was subsequently de- 
prived of his command through consolidation and 
served on the staffs of Gen. Richard Caswell in 
the battle of Camden, and Gen. William Davidson 
in North Carolina, who sent him to Governor 
Jefferson at Williamsburg, Va., in 1780, to secure 
Virginia troops to aid in the defense of North and 
South Carolina against the British and Tories. 
He was promoted lieutenant-colonel, 4th S.C. 
cavalry, in 1781, serving at Eutaw Springs, Sept. 
8, 1781, and remaining under Gen. Thomas Sum- 
ter until the close of the war. He was appointed 
surveyor-general of the middle district of North 
Carolina, and resided at French Lick Fort, the 
site of Nashville, Tenn., 1783-86. He was sent 
from Davidson county as a member of the house 
of commons of North Carolina, 1784-86, and from 
Mecklenburg county, 1786-91, and was made su- 
pervisor of internal revenues for the district of 
North Carolina by President Washington in 1791, 
which office he held until 1808. He was a stock- 
holder of the State Bank of North Carolina, a 
director, 1811-19, and its president for some years. 
He declined the appointment by President Mad- 
ison of brigadier-general, U.S.A., March 25, 1812, 
on account of his opposition to the policy of the 
administration. In 1824,as a commissioner from 
North Carolina, he welcomed Lafayette to Amer- 


[292] 


a a er eee oes 


































POLK 


ica. He was the owner of 100,000 acres of land 
in Tennessee, and Samuel Polk, the father of 
President Polk, was his agent. Jacob Johnson, 
the father of President Johnson, was a porter in 
his bank, and President Andrew Jackson received 
le ge tracts of valuable lands in Tennessee 
through his friendly advice. He was twice mar- 
yied: first to Griselda Gilchrist, a native of Scot- 
land; and secondly, to Sarah, daughter of Col. 
Philemon Hawkins. He was amember of the So- 
ciety of the Cincinnati, and at the time of his 
death was the last surviving field officer of the 
orth Carolina line. He died in Raleigh, N.C., 
Jan. 4, 1834. 
~ POLK, William Hawkins, representative, was 
born in Maury county, Tenn., May 24, 1815; son 
of Samuel and Jane (Knox) Polk, and brother of 
President James K. Polk. He wasa student at 
the University of North Carolina, 1832-33; was 
graduated from East 
Tennessee college; 
was admitted to the 
bar in 1839, and began 
practice in Columbia, 
Tenn. He was a rep- 
resentative in the 
state legislature, 
1842-45 ; chargé d’af- 
faires at Naples, 
1845-47 ; negotiated a 
treaty with the Two 
~ Sicilies, and resigned, 
wes Aug. 31, 1847, to take 
NSS Soh part in the war with 
Vi Mailtuu. I Vz Mexico. He was 
thereupon commis- 
sioned major of the 8d dragoonsand served in the 
army in Mexico until July 20, 1848. He was a 
Brereeate to the Nashville convention in 1850,and 
_a Democratic representative in the 32d congress, 
“1851-53. He was married first to a Miss Corse of 
New York, and secondly, July 14, 1854, to Lucy E. 
Williams of Warren county, N. C. He opposed 
the secession movement in Tennessee in 1861, 
and joined the Union party. He died in Nash- 
ville, Tenn., Dec. 16, 1862. 
POLK, Willlam Mecklenburg, physician, was 
born at Ashwood, Maury county, Tenn., Aug. 15, 
184; son of the Right Rev. Leonidas Polk (q.v.). 
He was graduated from the Virginia Mili- 
te ry institute with the class of 1861 by special 
act of the faculty, for services in the army. He 
was a member of the body of students that left 
rith Professor Thomas Jonathan Jackson imme- 
‘ diately after the secession of Virginia, and acted 
ail corps for the Virginia state troops. He 
as assigned as drill-master under Gen. Zolli- 
coffer, was promoted 2d lieutenant in Bankhead’s 
battery, at Columbus, Ky., and ist lieutenant 





















« 


POLLOCK 


in Scott's battery in 1862. THe was appointed as- 
sistant chief of artillery in his father’s corps in 
1863, and also captain in the adjutant and in- 
spector-general’s department, Army of the Tenn, 
essee, in March, 1865. He was engaged in the 
battles of Columbus, Ky., New Madrid, Shiloh- 
Corinth, Perryville, Stone’s River, Chickamauga ; 
in the Meridian, Atlanta and Tennessee campaigns, 
and in the surrender at Meridian in May, 1865. He 
studied medicine at the University of Louisiana, 
1867-68, and was graduated from the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork city, in 1859. 
He practised in New York city from 1869; was 
professor of therapeutics and clinical medicine at 
Bellevue college, 1875-79, and became professor 
of obstetrics and gynecology in the medical de- 
partment of the University of the City of New 
York in 1879. He was connected with several 
hospitals as surgeon, and a member of several im- 
portant medical societies at home and abroad. 
The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on 
him by the University of the South in 1898, and 
he was appointed dean and medical director of 
the medical department of Cornell university in 
1898. Heis the author of : Biography of Leonidas 
Polk, Bishop and General, and many contributions 
to medical journals. 

POLLARD, Josephine, author, 
New York city, about 1842. She received a 
superior education ; was editorial writer on the 
Sunday School Times from its foundation, and 
was connected with the Methodist Book Concern 
for twenty years, having charge of a publication 
issued for the benefit of the Negroes in the South. 
She is the author of various hymns, including 
Outside the Gate. Her other writings include: 
The Gypsy Books (1873-74); A Piece of Silver 
(1876); Decorative Sisters (1881); Elfin Land, 
poems (1882); Gellivér (1882); The Boston Tea- 
Party (1882); Songs of Bird Life (1885); Vagrant 
Verses (1887); The Home Book (with John H. 
Vincent, 1887); Favorite Birds, and what Poets ° 
Sing of Them (1888). She died in New York 
city, Aug. 15, 1892. 

POLLOCK, James, governor of Pennsylvania, 
was born in Milton, Pa., Sept. 11, 1810; son of 
William and Sarah (Wilson) Pollock: grandson 
of Samuel and Margaret Pollock, and of Fleming 
and Margaret (Bainbridge) Wilson, and a de- 
scendant of Scotch emigrants, who came from 
Londonderry, Belfast and county Antrim, Ire- 
land, in 1732 and landed at Chester, Pa. He was 
graduated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 
1831, A.M., 1834; studied law under Samuel Hep- 
burn of Milton, Pa., 1831-83. and practised in 
Milton, 1833-61. He was married, Dec. 19, 1837, to 
Sarah Ann, daughter of Samuel and Edith (Miller) 
Hepburn. He was elected district attorney of 
Northumberland county in 1835; was a Whig 


was born in 


7 by [293] 


POLLOCK 


representative in the 28th, 29th and 30th con- 
gresses, 1844-49, and on June 23, 1848, introduced 
in congress the subject of the construction of a 
railroad to the Pacific coast and was made chair- 
man of the special committee rendering the first 
report favorable to 
the project. He was 
president judge of 
the eighth judicial 
district of Pennsyl- 
vania, 1850-54, and 
was governor of the 
state, 1854-58. Dur- 
ing his administra- 
. tion, he succeeded in 
* greatly reducing the 
state debt, and on the 
outbreak of the finan- 
cial crisis of 1857 he 
restored public con- 
fidence by calling an 
extra session of the 
legislature, which passed a bill, Oct. 13, 1857, pro- 
viding for the ‘‘ resumption of specie payments 
by state banks.” He was a member of the Wash- 
ington compromise convention of 1860 ; director 
of the U.S. mint at Philadelphia, 1861-66 and 
1869-79, and obtained the approvalof Secretary 
Chase to stamping on national coins the motto 
‘‘In God we trust.” He was superintendent of 
the U.S. mint, 1873-80. He was naval officer of 
Philadelphia, 1880-84, and engaged in the prac- 
tice of law in Philadelphia, 1884-90. Hewas ap- 
pointed federal chief supervisor of elections in 
April, 1885. The honorary degree of LL.D. was 
conferred on him by the College of New Jersey 
in 1855, and by Jefferson college in 1857. He 
died at Lock Haven, Pa., April 19, 1890. 
POLLOCK, Oliver, patriot, was born in Ireland 
in 1737 ; son of Jarit Pollock, who came with his 
family to Carlisle, Pa., about 1760. In 1762 
Oliver migrated to Havana, Cuba, where he en- 
gaged in mercantile pursuits. He removed to 
New Orleans in 1768, and established a coasting 
and foreign trade. In 1769, when Alexander 
O'Reilly, governor-general of Cuba, was made 
governor of the province, and his troops needed 
provisions, Mr. Pollock placed a cargo of flour at 
their disposal at a moderate price, and for his 
generosity ever afterward enjoyed a free trade 
there. He was commercial agent of the United 
States at New Orleans, 1777-83, and in 1779 fitted 
out the captured British ship West Florida 
under American colors and afterward sent the 
vessel to assist in the capture of Mobile, Ala. 
He secured gunpowder from the Spanish store in 
New Orleans, and by forwarding it to Gen. 
George Rogers Clark aided materially in the 
success of his campaignin Illinois. He borrowed 





POLLOCK 


} 

for the state of Virginia $65,000 from France and 
for the secret committee of congress $70,000— 
from the royal treasury of Spain in 1778, but 
when he made drafts on this account on the 
treasury the secretary failed to honor his de- 
mands, and he appealed unsuccessfully to congress 
several times for aid. In May, 1783, he was ap- - 
pointed U.S. agent at Havana, Cuba, was taken 
prisoner, and all his gold and other property was 
seized by order of the Spanish governor in May, 
1784, for the debts of the United States, and for 
eighteen months he remained in custody, all 
communication between him and the United 
States being cut off. He was released on parole 
on the arrival of Governor Galvez, and returned 
to the United States in 1785, where he was 
awarded $90,000 with interest to cover the Span- 
ish claim, but there was no money in the treasury 
to pay the debt. He resumed business in New 
Orleans, and in 1790 was enabled to pay all the 
claims of Spain against the United States govern- 
ment. He purchased and settled on property in 
Cumberland county, Pa., in 1792, and that year 
received $108,605 from the United States on ac- 
count of the claim. He was an _ unsuccessful 
candidate for representative in congress in 1797, 
1804 and 1806, and in 1800 was an inmate of the 
debtors’ prison in Philadelphia. He removed 
to Baltimore, Md., in 1806, and in 1815 to Pinck- 
neyville, Miss., where he spent the rest of his 
life. He was a member of the Friendly Sous of 
St. Patrick, and the Hibernian society of Phila- 
delphia. He was married, first,in 1765, to Mar- 
garet O’Brien, and secondly, Nov. 2, 1805, to 
Winifred, widow of Daniel Deady of Baltimore, Md. 
He died in Pinckneyville, Miss., Dec. 17. 1823. 

POLLOCK, Pinckney Daniel, educator, was 
born in Houston county, Ga., Nov. 22, 1859; son 
of James Greenberry and Nancy (Brunson). 
Pollock ; grandson of ie, 
Almarine and Liza 
(Woodard) Brunson 
and of Morris and 
Polly Watson  Pol- 
lock. He was _ pre- 
pared for college at 
Armurchee acad- 
emy, Chattoogacoun- ~ , 
ty, Ga.; attended %, 
Mercer’ university, 77 
Macon, Ga., and was 
graduated from the 
University of Geor- 
gia, B.L., 1884. He 
continued his studies “? “= 
in’ the Universities Te 
of:Paris and Berlin, 1889-91 ; taught school for 
several years ; was superintendent of city schools, 
Newnan, Ga., 1891-93; professor of English, 






vs WW 
S 


[294] 





POMEROY 

































Mercer university, 1893-96, and became president 
of the university in 1896, as successor to Dr. J. B. 
Gambrell, resigned ; meanwhile, in 1894, declin- 
ing the office of state superintendent of educa- 
- tion for Georgia. He was married, Nov. 24, 1895, 
to Eva, daughter of George Cowan and Mary 
(Briscoe) Selman of Monroe, Ga. He served as 
chairman of the executive committee of the 
Georgia Baptist State convention in 1900, 1901 
and 1902, and of the Georgia Baptist Education 
commission in 1901 and 1902. He received the 
honorary degree of LL.D. from Richmond col- 
lege, Va., in 1893. : 
POMEROY, Benjamin, clergyman, was born 
in Suffield, Conn., Nov. 19, 1704; son of Joseph 
and Hannah (Seymour) Pomeroy; grandson of 
_ Medard and Experience (Woodward) Pomeroy of 
Northampton, Mass., and of Richard Seymour of 
Hartford, Conn., and great-grandson of Eltwed 
Pomeroy, who came from Devonshire, England, 
to Dorchester, Mass., about 1632; settled in 
Northampton, Mass., about 1635, and later re- 
moved to Windsor, Conn. Benjamin Pomeroy 
was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1733, A.M., 1736, 
and was one of the first Yale graduates to claim 
the Bishop Berkeley scholarship for the classics. 
He was married, Oct. 24, 1734, to Abigail, daughter 
of Ralph and Ruth (Huntington) Wheelock of 
Windham, Conn. He was ordained at Hebron, 
~Conn., Dec. 16, 1735; was active in the revival 
of 1840, and after being tried for ‘ disorderly 
conduct” in preaching at Stratford, was acquit- 
ted. At a second trial in 1744, he was found 
guilty and compelled to pay the costs of prosecu- 
tion. About this time he preached in Colchester 
without consent from the resident minister, and 
this act cost him seven years’ salary. He was 
chaplain in the British army during the French 
and Indian war, and in the Continental army 
during the Revolution. He was active in the 
establishment of the Indian Charity school, was 
a trustee of Dartmouth, 1769-84, and received 
the degree D.D. from there in 1774. He died in 
Hebron, Conn., Dec. 22, 1784. 

POMEROY, Mark Mills, journalist, was born in 
Elmira, N.Y., Dec. 25, 1833; son of Hunt and 
Orlina Rebecca (White) Pomeroy, and a lineal 
descendant of the Pomeroy family of Devon- 
shire, Eng. He was brought up by his maternal 
uncle, Seth Marvin White, a farmer and black- 
‘smith near Elmira ; attended the common schools, 
and in 1850 obtained employment in Corning, as 
an apprentice in the printing office of the Jowr- 
val. In 1854 he established a printing office, 
and bought out an advertising paper, called the 
Sun, which became the Corning Democrat in 
5. In that year, removing to Athens, Pa., he 
ed the Gazette, and the following year set- 
tled in Horicon, Dodge county, Wis., where he 


> 


POMEROY 


established the Argus, and was appointed U.S. 
marshal for the state. He was city editor of the 
Milwaukee Daily News, 1858-59, and in 1859 en- 
gaged in newspaper and political work in Wash- 
ington, D.C. In 1860 he purchased the La 
Crosse Democrat, in which he set forth the dangers 
to the government from increasing the national 
debt, and from the corruptions in political office. 
In 1868 he went to New York, where he established 
Pomeroy’s Democrat, but as it conflicted with the 
Tweed Ring, he removed the publication to 
Chicago in 1875, where he joined the Greenback 
movement, and served as chairman of a com- 
mittee appointed by the national convention 
held in Chicago to organize greenback clubs, 
He was married in 1876, to Emma Idalia Stim- 
son of Michigan. In 1880 he went to Colorado 
for his health, engaging in the practice of law, 
and editing The Great West. He originated a 
scheme for tunnelling the Rocky Mountains, 
organizing the Atlantic-Pacific Railway Tunnel 
company with a capital of $7,000,000 ; but after 
cutting for nearly a mile on each side of the 
mountains, he abandoned the project through 
failure to secure government aid. In 1887 he 
returned to New York city, where he conducted 
Pomeroy’s Advance Thought, a monthly maga- 
zine, 1887-96. He is the author of: Sense (1868); 
Nonsense (1868); Gold Dust (1872); Brick Dust 
(1872); Our Saturday Night (1873); Home Har- 
monies (1874); Perpetual Money (1878). He died 
in Brooklyn, N.Y., May 30, 1896. 

POMEROY, Samuel Clarke, senator, was born 
in Southampton, Mass., Jan. 3, 1816. Heattended 
Amherst college, Mass., and after residing for 
several years in New York city, returned to 
Southampton. He was a representative in the 
state legislature, 1852-53; was an organizer and 
the financial agent of the New England Emigrant 
Aid company, and in 1854 established a colony 
in Lawrence, Kan. He removed to Atchison, 
Kan., and was elected mayor of the city in 1859 ; 
wasa member of the Free State convention that 
met in Lawrence in 1859, and during the famine 
in Kansas, 1860--61, he was president of the relief 
committee. He was adelegate tothe Republican 
national conventions of 1856 and 1860, and a 
Republican U.S. senator from Seansas, 1861-73. 
By reason of his advocacy of subsidy measures 
while in congress, charges of bribery were pre- 
ferred against him in 1873, and he was defeated 
for re-election that year, but after a careful in- 
vestigation the charges were not sustained. He 
resided in Washington, D.C., for several years 
and died in Whitinsville, Mass., Aug. 27, 1891. 

POMEROY, Seth, soldier, was born in North- 
ampton, Mass., May 20, 1706. He was a gun- 
smith in his youth and became a captain in the 
colonial militia in 1744. He held the rank of 


[295] 


POMEROY 


major in the militia, engaged in the capture of 
Louisburg in 1745, and had command of a body of 
gunsmiths, who drilled the spikes from cannon 
captured there. He was promoted lieutenant- 
colonel in 1755, and on the death of Ephraim Wil- 
liams succeeded him to the command of the regi- 
ment, which he led against the French and Indians 
at Lake George. He was a delegate to the Provin- 
cial congress, 1774-75; was elected a general officer 
in the Provincial army in October, 1774, and brig- 
adier-general in February, 1775, and joined the 
Patriot army under Gen. Artemas Ward at Cam- 
bridge, Mass., serving in the ranks in the battle of 
Bunker Hill. He was named as one of the eight 
brigadier-generals appointed by congress to the 
Continental army, but his appointment as senior 
officer caused some difficulty in the adjustment 
of rank and he retired to his farm. After the 
repulse of Washington in New York and New 
Jersey, he led a force of militia for his relief, but 
died suddenly in Peekskill, N.Y., Feb. 19, 1777. 

POMEROY, Theodore Medad, representative, 
was born in Cayuga, N.Y., Dec. 31, 1824; son of 
the Rev. Medad and Lilly (Maxwell) Pomeroy ; 
grandson of Timothy and Anna (Burt) Pomeroy 
and of Joshua and Esther (Bryant) Makwell, and 
a descendant of Eltweed Pomeroy, who came 
from England in “1632. He was graduated from 
Hamilton college, N.Y., in 1842; was admitted to 
the bar in 1846, and practised in Auburn, N.Y., 
1846-70. He was married, Sept. 4, 1855, to Eliza- 
beth Leitch, daughter of Robert and Margaret 
(Standart) Watson of Auburn, N.Y.; was district 
attorney of Cayuga county, N.Y., 1851-56 ; amem- 
ber of the New York assembly, 1857; a Republi- 
can representative in the 87th-40th congresses, 
1861-69, and was elected speaker of the house to 
succeed Schuyler Colfax, March 3, 1869. He was 
mayor of Auburn, N.Y., 1875-76; state senator, 
1878-79 ; engaged in the banking business in 
Auburn, after 1870, and was first vice-presi- 
dent and general counsel of the American ex- 
press company. He was a delegate to the Re- 
publican national conventions of 1860 and 1876, 
and temporary chairman of the convention in 
1876. 

POND, Enoch, clergyman, was born in Wren- 
tham, Mass., July 29, 1791 ; son of Elijah and 
Mary (Smith) Pond ; grandson of Jacob and Sarah 
(Fales) Pond, and a descendant of Daniel (Ded- 
ham, Mass., 1652) and Abigail (Shepard) Pond. 
Enoch Pond was graduated from Brown, A.B., 
1813, A.M., 1817, and ordained to the Congrega- 
tional ministry, March 1, 1815. He was pastor at 
Ward, Mass., 1815-28, and editor of the Spirit of 
the Pilgrims, Boston, Mass., 1828-32. He was con- 
nected with the Bangor, Maine, Theological sem- 
inary as professor of systematic theology, 1832-56 ; 
professor of ecclesiastical history and lecturer on 


POND 


pastoral duties, 1856-70 ; president of the) insti- 
tution, 1856-82, and professor emeritus, 1870-82, 
He was married, first, Aug. 28, 1814, to Wealthy 
Ann, daughter of William Hawes of Wrentham, 
Mass.; secondly, May 17, 1825, to Julia Ann, 
daughter of John Maltby of Northford, Conn., 
and thirdly, July 9, 1839, to Anne, daughter of 
Thaddeus and Anne (Smith) Mason of Dedham, 
Mass., and widow of John 8. Pearson of Bangor, 
Me. Dartmouth conferred upon him the honorary 
degree of D.D. in 1835. He edited John Norton’s 
*¢ Life of John Cotton ” (1852), and is the author of 
memoirs of President Samuel Duvies (1829), Su- 
sanna Anthony (1830), Count Zinzendorf (1839), 
John Knox (1886), and The Rev. Harrison Fair- 
field (1858); Wickliffe and his Times (1841); Morn- 
ing of the Reformation (1842); No Fellowship 
with Romanism (1843); The Mather Family (1844) 5 
Young Pastor’s Guide (1844); The Wortd’s Sal- 
vation (1845); Pope and Pagan (1846); Probation 
(1846); Swedenborgianism Reviewed (1846); Plato 
(1846); Lives of Increase Mather and Sir William 
Phipps (1847); The Church (1848); The Ancient 
Church (1851); The Wreck and the Rescue (1858); 
Swedenborgianism Examined (1861); Sketches of 
the Theological History of New England (1880). 
He died in Bangor, Maine, Jan. 21, 1882. 

POND, Frederick Eugene, author, was born 
in Packwaukee, Wis., April 8, 1856; son of 
Simeon and Flora (Hotchkiss) Pond ; grandson 
of William and Elvira (Forbes) Pond, and of 
Willis and Samantha Hotchkiss, and a descendant 
of Samuel Pond, a pioneer of Windsor, Conn., 
who died at Windsor, Conn., March 14, 1654. 
He attended the public schools of Montello, Wis.; 
was field editor of the Turf, Field and Farm in 
New York, 1881-86; associate editor of the 
American Field in Chicago, Ill., for six months 
in 1883, and editor of Wildwood’s Magazine in 
Chicago, Ill., 1888-89, which was then merged 
into Turf, Field and Farm, and of which he be- 
came corresponding editor. He was married, 
June 22, 1892, to Frances Harriet, daughter of 
Frank and Harriet (Juneau) Fox, and a grand- 
daughter of Samuel Juneau, founder of Milwau- 
kee, Wis. He was editor of the Sportsman’s 
Review at Cincinnati, Ohio, from 1897 ; was prom- 
inent in organizing the National Game and — 
Fish Protective association in 1893, and was its — 
secretary, 1893-96, and was one of the founders 
of the Wisconsin Sportsman’s Association for the _ 
Protection of Fish and Game in 1874. He con- 
tributed to cyclopeedias, and edited Frank For- 
ester’s works, including ‘‘ Fugitive Sporting 
Sketches” (1879), ‘‘Sporting Scenes and Charac- — 
ters ” (2 vols., 1880); also Isaac McLellan’s ‘‘ Poems 
of Rodand Gun” (1883), ‘* Sportsman's Directory” | 
(1892), “A Strike ” (1897), and wrote an introduc- 
tion to Frank Forester’s ‘‘ Poems ” (1887). His 


[296] 





POND 













































published works, written chiefly as ‘*‘ Will Wild- 
wood,” include: Handbook for Young Sportsmen 
(1876); Memoirs of Eminent Sportsmen (1878); Gun 
Trial and Field Trial Records of America (1883), 
and American Game Preserves, a serial (1893). 
~ POND, George Edward, journalist, was born in 
Boston, Mass., March 11, 1887; son of Moses and 
“Nancy (Adams) Pond; grandson of Moses and 
~ Anne (Davis) Pond; and a descendant of Daniel 
(Dedham, 1652), and Abigail (Shepard) Pond. He 
was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1858, LL.B., 
1860, was a ist lieutenant in the Federal army, 
1862-64, and an associate on the staff of the New 
York Army and Navy Journal, 1864-68 and 1878. 
‘He was married, May 29, 1866, to Emelie Guer- 
ber, who died, Jan. 14, 1880. He was anassociate 
on the New York Times, 1868-70; editor of the 
Philadelphia Record, 1870-77, and thereafter 
- engaged in general literary work. He wrote the 
_ “Driftwood” columns, signed ‘‘ Philip Quilibet,” 
inthe Galaxy, 1868-78, and contributed historical 
~ accounts of battles of the civil war to various col- 
lections. He is the author of The Shenandoah 
Valley in 1884 (1883). He died at Spring Lake, 
N.J., Sept. 22, 1899. 
POND, James Burton, lecture manager, was 
born in Cuba, Allegany county, N.Y., June 11, 
1838; son of Willard Elmer and Clarissa (Wood- 
ford) Pond; grandson of Philip and Anna 
(Adams) Pond and of James Woodford ; great- 
grandson of Jonathan Pond, and great?-grandson 
_of Phineas Pond, who came from England in 1794 
and settled in Branford, Conn. James Burton 
Pond removed to Illinois in 1844 and in 1847 to 
Fond du Lac, Wis., where in 1853 he learned the 
printers’ trade. In 1856 he traveled in the west 
as a journeyman printer, and in 1860-61, he pub- 
lished the Journal at Markesan, Wis. He joined 
the 8d Wisconsin cavalry as lieutenant in 1861, 
and served throughout the civil war, rising to 
the rank of major. After the war he engaged 
in business as a merchant until 1874, when with 
George Hathaway, he purchased the Redpath 
Lyceum Lecture bureau, Boston. In 1879 he re- 
“moved to New York, and established business on 
his own account. Among the many noted lec- 
turers introduced and managed by him may be 
mentioned: Emerson, Lowell, Gough, Phillips, 
Sumner, Talmage, Mrs. Livermore, Anna Dickin- 
son, Mrs. Stanton, Henry M. Stanley, Thomas 
Wast, Max O’Rell, ‘‘Mark Twain,” ‘Bill Nye,” 
Sir Edwin Arnold, W. D. Howells, F. Marion 
awford, Hall Caine, the Rev. Dr. John Watson 
(“Tan Maclaren”), Ernest Thompson Seton, and 
Sir Robert Ball. He was twice married: first, 
fan. 21, 1859,to Ann Frances, daughter of Tho- 
sand Anna Lynch of Janesville, Wis.; she died 
December, 1871. He was married secondly, 
ch 10, 1888, to Martha Marion, daughter of 


PONDER 


William H. and Sabina Glass of Jersey City, N.J. 
He was elected to membership in numerous 
patriotic and social organizations. He is the 
author of: A Summer in England with Henry 


' Ward Beecher ; Eecentricities of Genius (1900), 


and numerous magazine articles. 

POND, Samuel William, missionary, was born 
in Washington, Conn., April 10, 1808 ; son of Elna- 
than Judson and Sarah (Hollister) Pond ; grand- 
son of Edward and Mary (Judson) Pond and of 
Capt. Gideon and Patience (Hurd) Hollister, 
and a descendant of Samuel Pond, who settled in 
Windsor, Conn., previous to 1640. He attended 
the public schools and in May, 1834, with his 
brother, Gideon Hollister Pond (1810-1878), en- 
gaged in missionary work among the Dakota 
Indians and the U.S. garrison at Fort Snelling. 
In 1837 he was ordained to the Congregational 
ministry and was stationed by the A.B.C. of F.M. 
at Lake Harriet, Fort Snelling, Oak Grove, and 
Prairieville, Minn., successively, 1837-54, and in 
other parts of Minnesota, 1854-91. He was first 
married, Nov, 22, 1838, to Cornelia Eggleston, 
and secondly, April 4, 1852, to Susan R. Smith. 
With his brother he produced the first written 
dictionary of the Dakota language, subsequently 
used by the Rev. Stephen R. Riggs in his pub- 
lished work. He is the author of : The History 
of Joseph in the Language of the Dakota or Sioux 
Indians from Genesis (1839) ; Wowapi Inonpa, 
the Second Dakota Reading Book (1842), and 
Indian Warfare in Minnesota, in the Historical 
Collections of Minnesota. He died in Shakopee, 
Minn., Dec. 5, 1891. 

PONDER, James, governor of Delaware, was 
born in Milton, Del., Oct. 31, 1819; son of the 
Hon. John and Hester (Milby) Ponder; grandson 
of James and Sarah (Warren) Ponder, and of 
Capt. Nathaniel Milby, and great-grandson of 
John Ponder, of English de- 
scent, who removed from 
Virginia to Delaware, and 
tookout a patent for an ex- 
tensive tract of land in Broad- 
kiln hundred, Sussex county. 
John Ponder (1791-1863), an 
only son, inherited the estate, 
served in the war of 1812, engaged in trade and in 
the shipping business, transporting iron to New 
Jersey in his own vessels, first alone and after 1848 
with his son James as John Ponder & Son ; and 
was state senator, 1852-56. James attended the 
Milton, Lewes, and Georgetown academies, and 
after joining his father’s enterprises became a 
successful business man and connected with the 
large business interests of the state including its 
railroads, banks and manufactories. He was 
married in July, 1851, to Sarah, daughter of 
Gideon and Sarah Waples of Milton. He was a 





[297] 


POOK 


Democratic representative in the state legislature, 
1856-64; was elected state senator, 1864, and 
speaker of the senate in 1867. He was elected 
governor of the state of Delaware on the Demo- 
cratic ticket in 1870; serving from Jan. 17, 1871, 
till 1875. He died in Milton, Del., Nov. 5, 1897. 

POOK, Samuel Hartt, naval constructor, was 
born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 17, 1827; son of 
Samuel Moore and Martha Crum (Dickinson) 
Pook; grandson of Charles Lee and Sally Clark 
(Moore) Pook and of John and Martha (Crum) 
Dickinson, and a descendant of Nathaniel and 
Anna (Sull) Dickinson, who came to Boston from 
England about 1629. Samuel Moore Pook (1804- 
1878), a native of Boston, Mass., was a WES: 
naval constructor at Portsmouth, N.H., 1841-66 ; 
built the Preble, Saratoga, Congress, Franklin, 
Merrimack and Princeton, and is the author of: 
‘* A Method of Comparing the Line and Draught- 
ing Vessels propelled by Sail or Steam,” with dia- 
grams (1866). Samuel Hartt Pook was graduated 
at Portsmouth academy, N.H., 1848; served an 
apprenticeship as naval architect, 1843-50, under 
his father, and in 1850 established himself in 
business in Boston. He was married, Jan. 23, 
1850, to Ellen Maria, daughter of James K. Froth- 
ingham of Charlestown, Mass. He designed a 
number of merchant clippers, including the Red 
Jacket, Ocean Telegraph and Northern Lights 
and several iron-clads and war frigates for the 
Spanish government ; superintended the iron- 
clad Galena, and was subsequently in charge of 
the shipyard at New Haven, Conn., where he 
built sixteen vessels of war for the government. 
He was appointed assistant U.S. naval con- 
structor, May 17, 1866 ; was promoted naval con- 
structor, April 15, 1871, and served at the Ports- 
mouth Navy yard, at Mare Island, Boston, 
Washington and New York navy yards until his 
retirement, Jan. 17, 1889. He died at his home in 
Washington, D.C., March 30, 1901. 

POOL, John, senator, was born in Pasquotank 
county, N.C., June 16, 1826 ; son of Solomon and 
Martha (Gaskins) Pool; grandson of Patrick and 
Winifred Pool, and a descendant of Patrick 
Pool of Chester county, England, who landed in 
Pasquotank county, N.C., early in 1700. He was 
graduated at the University of North Carolina in 
1847, and practised law at Elizabeth City, N.C., 
1847-56. He was mavtried first, June 20, 1850. to 
Narcissa Dosia, daughter of Spencer Sawyer, 
who died in February, 1856 ; and secondly, Dec. 16, 
1857, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. William 
Mebane of Bertie county, N.C. She died, Oct. 
16, 1873. He was a state senator from Pasquo- 
tank, 1856-60 and 1864-66, and the defeated 
Whig candidate for governor of North Carolina 
in 1860, John W. Ellis being elected. He was 
a strong Union man, a member of the state con- 


POOLE 


stitutional convention in 1865, and was \chosen 
by the legislature as a U.S. senator for the term 
expiring March 3, 1871, but the state was re- 
fused senatorial recognition. He was again 
elected in 1866 with J. C. Abbott and drew the 
long term, taking his seat in July, 1868, his term 
expiring March 3, 1878, after which he practised 
law at Washington, D.C., until his death, which 
occurred there, Aug. 16, 1884. 

POOL, Maria Louise, author, was born at 
Rockland, Mass., Aug. 20, 1841; daughter of Elias 
and Lydia (Lane) Pool. She attended the public 
schools of Rockland, and afterward taught there 
so long as her health permitted. She removed to 
Brooklyn, N.Y., in 1877, and later made her home 
in Wrentham and Rockland, Mass., successively. 
Besides many articles in newspapers and maga- 
zines she wrote: A Vacation in a Buggy (1887) ; 
Tenting at Stony Beach (1888); Dally (1891) ; 
Roweny in Boston (1892) ; Mrs. Keats Bradford 
and Katharine North (1893) ; Out of Step and 
The Two Salomes (1894); Against Human Na- 
ture (1895) ; In a Dyke Shanty (1896); Mrs. Gerald 
(1896) ; In Buncombe County (1896) ; In the First 
Person (1896) ; Boss and other Dogs ; Friendship 
and Folly (1898) ; A Golden Sorrow (1898) ; and 
A Widower and Some Spinsters; The Meloon 
Farm and Sand ’n’ Bushes, published posthu- 
mously. She died in Rockland, Mass., May 19, 1898. 

POOL, Solomon, educator, was born near 
Elizabeth City, N.C., April 21, 1882; son of 
Solomon and Martha (Gaskins) Pool; grandson 
of Patrick and Winifred Pool, and a descendant 
of Patrick Pool, of English birth, who landed in 
Pasquotank Co., N.C., early in 1700. He was 
graduated at the University of North Carolina, 
A.B., 1853, A.M., 1856, and was married, June 9, 
1856, to Cornelia, daughter of Joseph and Martha 
Kirkland of Chapel Hill, N.C. He was tutor in 
mathematicsat the University of North Carolina, 
1854-60 ; adjunct professor of mathematics and 
natural philosophy, 1860-66; trustee and presi- 
dent, 1869-75, and remained in possession of the 
university buildings, 1872-74, but no students at- 
tended. He was principal of Carey Collegiate 
institute, 1875-78. He was minister of the Metho- 
dist Episcopal church, south, and had charge 
of churches in the vicinity of his work as a 
teacher. He received the degree of D.D. He 
died at Greensboro, N.C., April 9, 1901. 

POOLE, Fitch, librarian, was born at Danvers, 
Mass., June 13, 1803; son of Deacon Fitch Poole 
and great-grandson of John Poole. He attended 
the public schools; learned the trade of a sheep- 
skin and morocco manufacturer, and engaged in 
business. He early contributed to the country 
newspapers and became an authority on antiqua- 
rian matters. He also displayed talent at carica- 
ture and humorous drawing, and modelled several 


[298] 








~ i ae 
ee 


Sad 

































POOLE 


) ait busts in plaster. He was editor of the 
Danvers Wizard, 1859-68; a representative in the 
ite legislature, 1841-42, and postmaster of Pea- 
y for a short time under President Lincoln. 
Bainded the Mechanics Institute library, 
‘which later became the Peabody Institute, and 
‘as its librarian, 1856-73. He is the author of 
several topical satirical ballads including: Giles 
CO orey and Goodwyfe Corey ; Giles Corey's Dream ; 
Lament of the Bats Inhabiting the Old South 
© rch; a political parody on ‘John Gilpin’s 
Ride,” and Witch Davee and Banquet on Gallows 
Hill. We died in Peabody, Mass., Aug. 19, 1873. 
POOLE, Murray Edward, historical writer, 
was born in Centremoreland, Wyoming county, 
, July 17, 1857; son of Edward Valentine and 
Susan (Carey) Poole; grandson of Daniel and 
Anna Rebecca (Gardner) Poole and of Samuel 
i and Arminda (Mul- 
lock) Carey ; great- 
grandson of William 
and Sarah (Packard) 
Poole and_= great?- 
grandson of Lieut. 
Samuel and Ruth 
(Fullerton) Poole of 
Easton ; great?-grand- 
son of Samueland Re- 
becca (Shaw) Poole; 
greatt+grandson — of 
Samue! and = Sarah 
(Nash) Poole; great®- 
grandson of Capt. 
Joseph and Elizabeth 
> ; (Shaw) Poole, orig- 
in Sthotélers of Abington, Mass., and great® grand- 
son of Edward and Sarah (Phinney) Poole of Wey- 
: Scath, Mass., 1635. Murray Edward Poole was 
P repared for college by a private tutor and at 
Wyoming seminary, Kingston, Pa., and was grad- 
u ted from Cornell university, A.B..in 1880. He 
s admitted to the bar, May 3, 1889, and settled 
in practice atIthaca, N.Y. He was married, Nov. 
ill to Eva, daughter of James Zeliffe of 
estone, N.Y. He was appointed special 
cots judge of Tompkins county by Gov. David 
. Hill in 1889; was justice of the peace, 1891-95, 
dacting recorder of Ithaca, 1893-95. He was 
the Democratic candidate for delegate to the state 
constitutional convention of 1894; was elected 
president of the National Historical and Ameri- 
can Genealogical societies, 1900, and a member 
of the American Bar association ; the New York 
te Bar association; the American Historical 
sociation ; the New England Historic Genea- 
gical society ; the Sons of the American Rev- 
lution; the Society of the War of 1812; the 
ty of Colonial Wars. and the Founders and 
riots of America. The honorary degree of 


POOLE 


LL.D. was conferred on him by Nashville college 
in 1900, and that of D.C.L. by the American uni- 
versity in 1901, Heisthe author of : The History 
of Edward Poole of Weymouth, Mass. (1635) and 
his Descendants (1893) ; Histories of the Tremaine, 
Dey, Board, Mack, Ayers, Carey, Mullock, Gard- 
ner and Zeliffe fumilies, and historical and 
genealogical contributions to leading magazines 
and periodicals. 

POOLE, William Frederick, librarian, was 
born in Salem, Mass., Dec. 24, 1821; son of Ward 
and Eliza (Wilder) Povle, and a descendant 
from John Poole of Reading, Eng., who became 
a proprietor of Reading, Mass., 1635. He attend- 
ed Leicester academy, and was graduated from 
Yale, A.B., 1849, A.M., 1852. He was assistant 
librarian of the ‘* Brothers in Unity,” a literary 
society at Yale, and prepared an index to re- 
views and magazines which was published in 
1848. He was assistant librarian at the Boston 
Atheneum, 1851-52; librarian of the Boston Mer- 
cantile library, 1852-56, and librarian of the Bos- 
ton Athenzeum, 1856-69. He prepared a catalogue 
of the Athenzum which was published in five vol- 
umes after he left. He was married, Nov. 22, 1854, 
to Fannie M. Gleason. He became a professional 
expert for the organization of libraries in 1869, 
and was connected with the Bronson library, 
Waterbury, Conn., in 1869, the St. Johnsbury 
Athenzeum, Vt., the Newton and East Hampton 
libraries, Mass., and the U.S. Naval academy 
library, Annapolis, Md. He organized and was 
librarian of the Cincinnati library, 1869-74; the 
Chicago Public library, 1874-87, and librarian of 
Newberry library, Chicago, 1887-94. He edited 
The Owl, a literary monthly, 1874-75. He was a 
member of the first library convention held in 
New York city, September, 1853 ; a founder of the 
American Library association of Philadelphia in 
1876 ; vice-president, 1876-84, and president, 1885- 
87, and was vice-president of the international 
conference of libraries at London in October, 
1877. He was a member of the American His- 
torical association and its president, 1887-88; a 
member of the American Antiquarian society ; 
of the New England Historic Genealogical so- 
ciety, and of the Essex Institute; and a cor- 
responding member of the Massachusetts, New 
York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Wisconsin 
Historical societies. He received the honorary 
degree of LL.D. from Northwestern university 
in 1882. Besides his Index to Periodical Litera- 
ture, which was re-published in 1853 and in 1882, 
he is the author of: The Popham Colony (1866); 
Wonder Working Providence of Sion’s Savior in 
New England (1654, new edition with introduc- 
tion, 1867); Cotton Mather and Salem Witchcraft 
(1869); Anti-Slavery Opinions before 1800 (1872) 5 
The Ordinance of 1787 (1876) ; Witeheraft im 


(299] 


POOR 


Boston, in Winsor’s ‘‘ Memorial History of Bos- 
ton;” The West, 1763-83, in Winsor’s ‘‘ Narrative 
and Critical History of America” The Early 
Northwest (1889), and papers on library econ- 
omy. He died in Evanston, Ill., March 1, 1894. 

POOR, Charles Henry, naval officer, was born 
in Cambridge, Mass., June 11, 1808; son of 
Moses and Charlotte (White) Poor; grandson of 
Eliphalet and Elizabeth (Little) Poor, and of 
Calvin and Mary (Lucas) White, and a descend- 
ant of John Poore, who came from Wiltshire, 
England, to Newbury, Mass., in 1635. He was 
warranted a midshipman in the U.S. navy, March 
1, 1823; promoted midshipman, March 29, 1829, 
and lieutenant, Dec. 31, 1833. He was married, 
May 13, 1835, to Mattie Lindsay, daughter of Dr. 
Robert Boling and Mattie (Lindsay) Stark of 
Norfolk, Va. He was promoted commander, Sept. 
14,1855, and after service on various, vessels in 
the different naval squadrons, 1823-60, he com- 
manded the St. Louis of the home squadron, 
1860-61. He was in command of an expedition 
sent to the relief of Fort Pickens, Fla., in 1861 ; 
commanded the 
frigate Roanoke 
of the North At- 
lantic blockad- 
ing 
1861-62, and ran 
the Confederate 
—ea batteries at Se- 
~~ wall’s Point, Va., 
=—=SS—Awhen en route 
Zh through Hamp- 
ton Roads to Newport News to aid the fleet at- 
tacked by the Confederate ram Merrimac. He 
was promoted commodore, Jan. 2, 1863, com- 
manded the Saranac of the Pacific squadron, 
1863-65, and secured the release of the U.S. mail 
steamer, unlawfully detained at Panama. He was 
promoted rear admiral, Sept. 20, 1868, and was 
retired, June 9, 1870. He was a member of the 
retiring board, 1871-72, and resided in Washing- 
ton, D.C., up to the time of his death, which 
occurred, Nov. 5, 1882. 

POOR, Daniel, missionary, was born in Danvers, 
Mass., June 1789; son of Joseph and Mary 
(Abbot) Poor; grandson of Thomas and Mary 
(Adams) Poor and of George and Hannah (Love- 
joy) Abbot, anda descendant of Daniel Poor, who 
came from Andover, England, in 1638, fourteen 
years of age, landing in Boston and going imme- 
diately to Newbury, Mass., removing thence a 
few years later to Andover or Cochicawic. He 
married Mary Farnum, who came from England. 
Daniel Poor, the missionary, was graduated at 
Dartmouth, A.B., 1811, A.M., 1814,and at An- 
dover Theological seminary in 1814, and was 
ordained at Newburyport, Mass., June 21, 1815. 





Riles 


squadron, — 


POOR 


He was married to Susan Bullfinch and they ac- 


companied other missionaries to Ceylon, sailing 
from New York in October, 1815, and arriving in 
India in March, 1816. He organized a mission- 
school at Tillipally, and after twenty years’ work 
there, removed to Matura, Southern India, where 
he labored, 1836-49, establishing thirty-seven 
schools. In 1849-51 he was in the United States 
engaged in presenting the claims of his mission 
field to the churches. He received the honorary 
degree of D.D. from Dartmouth in 1835. He was. 
stationed at Manepy, Ceylon, until his death there 
by cholera, Feb. 3, 1855. 

POOR, Daniel Warren, clergyman and edu- 
cator, was born in Tillipally, Ceylon, Aug. 21, 
1818; son of the Rev. Daniel and Susan (Bull- 
finch) Poor, the missionaries. He was graduated 
at Amherst, A.B., 1827, A.M., 1840, and attended 
Andover Theological seminary, 1840-42. He was. 
ordained to the Presbyterian ministry, March 1, 
1843, and was pastor of Central church, Fair- 
haven, Mass., 1848-49, and of the High Street. 
Presbyterian church, Newark, N.J., 1849-69, dur-. 
ing which time he established the German Theol- 
ogical seminary at Bloomfield and organized Ger- 
man churches in Newark. He was pastor of the 
first Presbyterian Church, Oakland, Cal., 1869-71, 
and professor of ecclesiastical history and church 
government in the San Francisco Theological 
seminary, 1871-76, which institution he organized. 
He also organized the Union church of San Lor- 
enzo, Cal., and was secretary of the Presbyterian. 
board of education in Philadelphia, Pa., 1876-93. 
He was married in October, 1847, to Susan Helen, 
daughter of Benjamin Ellis. He received the 
degree of D.D. from the College of New Jersey 
in 1857. He was one of the editors of Lange’s. 
“Commentary” and published Select Discourses: 
from the French and German with the Rev. Henry 
C. Fish (1858), and The Epistles to the Corinthi- 
ans with the Rev. Conway P. Wing from the 
German of Lange (1868). He died in Newark, 
Naw. pOct, 11 1897s 

POOR, Enoch, soldier, was born in Andover, 
Mass., June 21, 1736. He attended school at An- 
dover, and removed to Exeter, N. H., about 1765,. 
where he was actively engaged in shipbuilding 
and mercantile pursuits until the outbreak of the 
Revolution, when he organized the troops fur- 
nished by the general assembly into three regi- 
ments, of one of which he was elected colonel, 
May 23, 1775. He was sent to New York after 
the evacuation of Boston by the British, was 
transferred to the 8th Continental infantry. Jan. 
1, 1776. and joined Arnold’s expedition into Can~ 
ada. He was at Crown Point after the American 
army returned from Canada, and when General 
Schuyler determined to evacuate. Colonel Poor 
with other officers appealed to General Washing- 


[300] 











eR tt in pa Nh a a BE 






































POORE 
1 In his reply the commander-in-chief ac- 
ow wledged the military judgment of the appel- 
but declined to countermand the order. 
el Poor was returned to the command of 
21 New Hampshire regiment, Nov. 8, 1776; 
was promoted brigadier-general in the Con- 
ental army, Feb. 21, 1777. At the battle of 
tillwater his command bore the brunt of the 
itish attack and the greater part of the Amer- 
n loss, and at the battle of Saratoga he led the 
a dvance. He went to Pennsylvania after Bur- 
-goyne’s surrender, joined Washington in the 
Jersey campaign, and was with him at Valley 
ae from which place he appealed for aid to 
the New Hampshire legislature. In the pur- 
suit of the British across New Jersey he dis- 
‘ting cuished himself at Monmouth, where he 
fo aght under Lafayette ; commanded his brigade 
in Sullivan’s expedition in New York in 1779, 
aI nd in August, 1780, was appointed to the com- 
mand of a corps of light infantry. General Poor 
a close personal friend of Generals Wash- 
ington and Lafayette, and was toasted by the 
| utter at a banquet in New Hampshire in 1824. 
‘He died at Hackensack, N.J., Sept. 8, 1780. 
_ POORE, Benjamin Perley, editor, was born in 
I Newburyport, Mass., Nov. 2, 1820; son of Benja- 
min and Mary Pattay (Dodge) Poore ; grandson 
of Daniel Noyes and Lydia (Merrill) Poore, and 
of Allen and Mary (Burroughs) Dodge, and a 
descendant of Samuel 
Poore, who emigrated 
from England in the 
ship Bevis, with his 
brother Daniel and 
sister Alice in 1638, 
and settled at In- 
dian Hill, Newbury, 
Mass. Benjamin Per- 
ley Poore attended 
the public schools and 
Dummer academy ; 
learned the printer’s 
trade in Worcester, 
Mass., and owned and 
edited the Southern 
Whig at Athens, Ga., 
1 . While attaché of the American legation 
ut Brussels, 1841-44, he engaged as historical agent 
of Massachusetts in France, in gathering data of 
American colonial history from 1492 to 1780. He 
urned to the United States in 1848. and was edi- 
wor of the Boston Bee and Sunday Sentinel, 1848-54, 
nd Washington correspondent of the Journal, 
4-74. He was married. June 12, 1849, to Vir- 
daughter of Francis and Mary (Thompson) 
e of Georgetown, D.C. He was secretary of 
1e U S. Agricultural society and editor of its 
u urna j;aclerk of various important congres- 


aa 
1c 


ae 


_ Newark, N.J., March 


POPE 


sional committees while in Washington, and in 
1861 was appointed major of the 8th Massachusetts 
volunteers under the command of Col. B. F. But- 
ler, rendering important service in keeping the 
way open through Maryland to Washington, In 
December, 1861, he returned to his journalistic 
work. He commanded the Ancient and Honor- 
able Artillery company of Boston in 1874, and 
was its historian. He edited the Congressional 
Directory, 1867-87 ; made valuable indices to the 
‘“* Congressional Record,” and compiled a de- 
scriptive catalogue of government publications 
from 1774 to 1881, including the several treaties 
made with foreign governments, under the direc- 
tion of the U.S. congress. He is the author of ; 
Campaign Life of Gen. Zachary Taylor (1848); 
Rise and Fall of Louis Philippe (1848); Early 
Life of Napoleon Bonaparte (1851); Agricultural 
History of Essex County, Mass. (1865); The Con- 
spiracy Trial for the Murder of Abraham Lincoln 
(1865); Federal and State Charters (2 vols., 1877); 
The Political Register and Congressional Direc- 
tory (1878); Life of Burnside (1882); Perley’s 
Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National 
Metropolis (1886). He diedin Washington, D.C., 
May 30, 1887. 

POORE, Henry Rankin, artist, was born in 
21, 1859; son of the Rev. 
Daniel Warren and Susan Helen (Ellis) Poor. 
He became a special student at the University of 
Pennsylvania, 1881, and received a certificate of 
proficiency in June, 1883. He studied art in the 
Pennsylvania academy; the National Academy 
of Design, and with Peter Moran, and in Paris 
four years under Lumenais and Bougereau. He 
opened a studio in Philadelphia, Pa.; was an in- 
structor in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine 
Arts ; a teacherin the Chautauqua Art school, 
and received a grand prize of $2,000 from the 
American Art association, New York, for ‘* The 
Night of the Nativity ” (1689), and also the Hal- 
garten prize from the National Academy of 
Design, New York, of which he was elected an 
associate in 1888. He received a bronze medal 
at the Pan American exhibition, Buffalo, 1901. 
He was especially successful in combining figures 
and animals in his paintings. He was married, 
June 30, 1896, to Katherine, daughter of Charles 
and Caroline (Caldwell) Stevens of Worcester, 
Mass. Among his more important works are: 
Ulysses Feigning Madness (1884); Close of a City 
Day (1886); Plow-horses Frightened by a Passing 
Train (1887); Plowing of the Ephrata Brethren 
(1897); The Wounded Hound (1898); Backlog 
Revreries (1900); October Harvest (1901). 

POPE, Franklin Leonard, electrician, was 
born in Great Barrington, Mass., Dec. 2, 1840; 
son of Ebenezer and Electa Leonard (Wain- 
wright) Pope; grandson of Ebenezer and Keziah 


[301] 


POPE 


(Willard) Pope, and of William and Mary 
(Leonard) Wainwright, and a descendant of 
Thomas and Sarah (Jenney) Pope. Thomas 
Pope emigrated from England to Plymouth, 
Mass., about 1630, and in 1674 removed to Dart- 
mouth, Mass. Franklin Pope attended the public 
schools, learned telegraphy in-Great Barrington, 
and was an operator there, in Springfield, Mass., 
and in Providence, R.I., 1857-62. He assisted in 
building lines for the American telegraph com- 
pany, 1862-64, and for the Russo-American tele- 
graph company, from Washington Territory, by 
way of Behring. Straits, to Siberia, 1864-67 ; the 
system, which had been partially completed, 
being abandoned in 1867. While surveying this 
work he made known to geographers the sources 
of the Skeena, Stickeen and Yukon rivers. He 
entered into partnership with Thomas A, Edison 
in 1867, and with him invented the’ ‘‘ ticker,” 
afterward so extensively used in Wall Street 
and on all stock exchanges in the United States. 
He also invented in 1872 the rail circuit for auto- 
matically controlling electric block signals. and 
made valuable improvements in telegraph in- 
struments. He was married, Aug. 6, 1873, to 
Sarah Amelia, daughter of Marquis Fayette and 
Hannah (Williams) Dickinson of Amherst, Mass. 
He was patent attorney for the Western Union 
telegraph company, and in 1885 was elected 
president of the American Institute of Electrical 
Engineers. He edited the Electrical Engineer, 
1884-95, and is the author of: Modern Practice 
of the Electric Telegraph (1871); Life and Work 
of Joseph Henry (1879). He was killed by a cur- 
rent of 3,000 volts, while superintenUing the con- 
struction of an electric plant at Great Barring- 
ton, Mass., Oct. 13, 1895. 

POPE, John, senator, was born in Prince Wil- 
liam county, Va., in 1770. His parents removed 
to Kentucky, where he was educated for the law, 
and he practised in Washington, Shelby and 
Fayette counties. He represented Shelby county 
in the Kentucky legislature in 1802, and Fayette 
county, 1806-07. He wasa presidential elector 
in 1801, voting bor Thomas Jefferson ; was an Anti- 
Federalist U. S. senator from Kentucky, 1807-13, 
and president pro tem of the senate in 1811. He 
was appointed by President Jackson governor of 
Arkansas Territory in 1829, and held the office 
until 1835, when he resumed the practice of law 
in Springfield, Ky. He was a representative from 
the seventh district in the 25th, 26th and 27th 
congresses, 1857-43, and was defeated as the in- 
dependent candidate for representative in the 28th 
congress. He died at Springfield, July 12, 1845. 

POPE, John, naval officer, was born in Sand- 
wich, Mass., Dec. 17,1798. He was warranted 
midshipman, May 30, 1816; was commissioned 
lieutenant, April 28, 1826, and served on board 


[302] 
























POPE 


the frigate Constitution in the Mediterranean 
squadron, 1827-28, and on the sloop St. Louis 
inthe West India squadron, 1883-34. He was 
stationed at the U.S. navy yard, Boston, Mass., 
in 1837 and 1848; served on the razee of the Jn- 
dependence in the Brazil squadron in 1840, and 
was promoted commander, Feb. 15, 1843. He com- 
manded the brig Dolphin on the coast of Africa, 
1846-47 ; was com- 
mandant of the navy 
yard at Boston, Mass., 
in 1850, and com- 
manded the _ sloop 
Vandalia in the East 
India squadron, 1853- 
56. He was pro- 
moted captain, Sept. 
14, 1855; was com- 
mander of the Ports- 
mouth, N.H., navy 
yard, 1858-60; com- 
manded the steam 
sloop Richmond in 
the Gulf squadron in 
1861, and on being detached was retired, Dec. 
21, 1861. He was promoted to the rank of com- 
modore on the retired list, July 16, 1862, and 
served on the board of prize commissioners in Bos- 
ton, 1864-65, and as a light-house inspector, 1866- 
69. He died in Dorchester, Mass., Jan. 14, 1876. 

POPE, John, soldier, was born in Louisville, 
Ky., March 12, 1823 ; son of Judge Nathaniel Pope 
(1784-1850), a native of Louisville, Ky., a graduate 
of Transylvania college, lawyer in Missouri and 
Illinois, secretary of Illinois Territory, a delegate 
in congress from Illinois Territory, 1816-18, and 
U.S. judge for the 
district of Illinois, 
1818-50. John Pope 
was graduated at the 
U.S. Military acad- 
emy in 1842, and as- 
signed to the topo- 
graphical engineers. 
He served in Florida, 
1842-44, and as assist- 
ant engineer on the 
survey of the north- 
east boundary line, 
1845-46. He was pro- 
moted 2d lieutenant, 
May 9, 1846 ; was en- 
gaged in the battles 
of Monterey and Buena Vista; was brevetted 
1st lieutenant, Sept. 23, 1846, and captain, Feb. 
23, 1847, for gallant and meritorious conduct 
at Monterey, and Buena Vista respectively. He 
served on surveys and explorations in Minne- 
sota, 1849-50; as chief topographical engineer 





VANDALIA 








POPE 


of the department of New Mexico, 1851-53, and 
as chief of the survey of the Pacific railroad 
route, near the 32d parallel of latitude, 1853- 
59. He was promoted Ist lieutenant, March 38, 
1853; captain, July 1, 1856, for fourteen years’ 
continuous service, and was on light-house duty, 
1859-61. He was court-martialed for criticising 
the President’s policy early in 1861 ; was appointed 
by President Lincoln mustering officer at Chicago, 
lll., serving from April to July, 1861; was made 
brigadier-general of U.S. volunteers, May 17, 
1861, and commanded the district of North 
Missouri, July to October, 1861, and the 2d divi- 
sion of the army in its successful campaign 
against General Price in Southwest Missouri, 
October to December, 1861, when he captured 
large stores of provisions and many prisoners. 
He commanded the district of Central Missouri, 
December, 1861, to February, 1862; the Army of 
the Mississippi in co-operation with the gunboat 
fleet under Flag-offiser Foote in the capture of 
New Madrid, Mo., March 14, 1862, and the capture 
of Island No. 10, April 8, 1862. He was promoted 
major-general of volunteers, March 21, 1862, and 
in the Mississippi campaign advanced upon and 
besieged Corinth, April-May, 1862, after its 
capture pursuing the Confederate army to Bald- 
win. He was promoted brigadier-general in the 


regular army, July 14, 1862; was given com- 


mand of the Army of Virginia, to which was 
added the Army of the Potomac, and with the 
combined army fought the disastrous battles of 
Cedar Mountain, Manassas and Chantilly, resign- 
ing his command after the army fell back on 
Washington. He was transferred to the com- 
mand of the department of the Northwest, serving 
1862-65 ; was commander of the military division 
of the Missouri, January to June, 1865, and of the 
department of the Missouri, June, 1865, to August, 
1866. He was brevetted major-general, U.S.A., 
March 13, 1865, for gallantry at Island No. 10, and 
was mustered out of the volunteer service, Sept. 
1, 1866. He was on leave of absence, October, 
1866, to April, 1867, and commanded the Third 
military district, comprising Georgia, Florida 
and Alabama, 1867-68; the department of the 


_ Lakes, 1868-70, and the department of the Mis- 


souri, 1870-83. He was promoted major-general, 
U\S.A., Oct. 26, 1882, and commanded the 
division of the Pacific and the department of 
California, 1883-86, when he was retired, being 
sixty-four years of age. He charged the failure 
of his operations in Virginia to the omission of 
Gen. Fitz-John Porter to obey his orders and 
caused that. officer’s court-martial. He is the 
author of : Explorations from the Red River to 
the Rio Grande (Pacific Railroad reports, vol. 


MIL.) and The Campaign of Virginia, 1862 (1865). 


He died in Sandusky, Ohio, Sept. 23, 1892. 


PORTER 


PORCHER Francis Peyre, botanist, was born 
in St. John’s parish, Berkeley district, S.C., Dec. 
14, 1824; son of Dr. William and Isabella S. 
(Peyre) Porcher; grandson of Thomas and Char- 
lotte (Mazyck) Porcher, and of Francis and Mary 
(Walter) Peyre, anda descendant of Isaac and 
Claud (de Cherigny) Porcher. Isaac Porcher, a 
native of St. Severe, Berrie, France, and a 
Huguenot refugee, settled in South Carolina in 
1685. Francis Peyre Porcher was graduated at 
South Carolina college in 1844, and at the Medi- 
cal College of the State of South Carolina in 
1847. He practised in Charleston, S.C.; was 
surgeon and physician to the Marine and City 
hospitals ; surgeon in charge of the Confederate 
hospitals at Norfolk and Petersburg, Va., 1862- 
65; professor of materia medica, therapeutics 
and clinical medicine in the Medical College of 
the State of South Carolina, and one of the editors 
of the Charleston Medical Journal and Review 
for several years. He was elected president of 
the South Carolina Medical society in 1872; was 
an associate fellow of the Philadelphia College of 
Physicians, and a corresponding member of the 
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 
He was married first, April 25, 1855, to Virginia, 
daughter of the Hon. Benjamin Watkins and 
Julia (Wickham) Leigh of Richmond, Va; and 
secondly, March 9, 1877, to Margaret, daughter of 
Col. Joshua John and Johanna (Hasell) Ward of 
Waccamaw, §8.C. He received the degree of 
LL.D. from the South Carolina college in 1891; was 
a member of the World’s International Medical 
congress at Berlin, 1895, and a complimentary 
president of the section on general medicine at the 
Pan-American Medical congress. He devoted 
his leisure to the study of botany, and is the 
author of : A Medico-Botanical Catalogue of the 
Plants and Ferns of St. John’s, Berkeley. S.C. 
(1847); A Sketch of the Medical Botany of South 
Carolina (1849); The Medicinal, Poisonous and 
Dietetic Properties of the Cryptogamic Plants of 
the United States (1854); Illustrations of Disease 
with the Microscope, and Clinical Investigations 
aided by the Microscope and by Chemical Re- 
agents (1861), and Resources of the Southern 
Fields and Forests, Medical, Economical and 
Agricultural, published by order of the surgeon- 
general of the Confederate States (18638, rev. ed., 
1869). He died in Charleston, 8.C., Nov. 19, 1895. 

PORTER, Albert Gallatin, governor of In- 
diana. was born in Lawrenceburg, Ind., April 
20, 1824; son of Thomas and Myra (Tousey) Por- 
ter, and grandson of Moses Tousey of Kentucky. 
His paternal grandfather removed from Pennsyl- 
vania to Belleview, an island in the Ohio river. 
He worked as a ferryman on the Ohio river; 
attended the preparatory department of Hanover 
college ; was graduated at Indiana Asbury uni- 


[803] 


PORTER 


versity, A.B., 1848, A.M., 1846; was admitted to 
the bar in 1845 ; served as city attorney, 1851-53 ; 
as reporter of the supreme court of Indiana, 1853- 
57, and as a member of the common council, 
1857-59. He was a Republican representative in 
the 36th and 37th congresses, 1859-63, serving 
as a member of important committees; was a 
candidate for presidential elector on the Hayes 
and Wheeler ticket in 1876, and was appointed by 
President Hayes, March 5, 1878, first comptroller 
of the U.S. treasury, to fill the vacancy caused 
by the death of R. A. Taylor, serving until 1880. 
He was governor of Indiana, 
1881-84; a delegate at large 
from Indiana to the Republi- 
can national convention in 
1888, and was appointed U.S. 
minister to Italy in 1889, re- 
signing in September, 1892. 
He practised law in partner- 
ship with Benjamin Harrison for several years. 
He was married first in 1846, to Minerva Virginia 
Brown of Indianapolis, Ind., and secondly in 
January, 1881, to Cornelia Stone of Jamestown, 
N.Y. He received the degree of LL.D. from In- 
diana Asbury university in 1870. He devoted his 
last years to historical research, and published 
Decisions of the Supreme Court of Indiana (5 vols., 
1853-56), and A History of Indiana. He died in 
Indianapolis, Ind., May 3, 1897. 

PORTER, Alexander, senator, was born near 
Armagh, county Tyrone, Ireland, in 1786; son of 
an Irish Presbyterian clergyman and chemist, 
who was executed in 1798 as an insurgent spy 
and member of the Society of United Irishmen. 
He immigrated to the United States with an 
uncle in 1801; settled in Nashville, Tenn.; was 
admitted to the bar in 1807, and removed to St. 
Martinsville, La., in 1810. He was a member of 
the state constitutional convention of 1811; judge 
of the state supreme court, 1821-33, where he 
established a new system of jurisprudence, and 
in 1833 was elected to the U.S. senate to fill the 
unexpired term of Josiah Stoddard Johnston (q.v.) 
deceased, resigning Jan. 5, 1837, when Alexandre 
Mouton(q.v.) succeeded him. Whilein thesenate 
he voted to censure President Jackson for his 
action in regard to the U.S. bank; opposed the 
abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, 
and the specie bill introduced by Senator Benton, 
and advocated returning the surplus revenue to 
the respective states, and the recognition by the 
United States of the independence of the Republic 
of Texas. He was re-elected to the senate in 
1843 as successor to Charles M. Conrad, who com- 
pleted Alexandre Mouton’s term, but he died be- 
fore taking his seat, and Henry Johnson (q.v.) 
was elected his successor. He died at Attakapas, 
La., Jan. 138, 1844. 





PORTER 


PORTER, Alexander . James, educator, was 
born at Nashville, Tenn., June 14, 1822; son of 
James A. and Sarah N. (Murphy) Porter, and 
grandson of Alexander Porter, who emigrated 
from Ireland in 1793, and settled first in Wilming- 
ton, Del.. and then in Nashville. He attended 
school at Jamaica Plain, Mass.; was graduated 
from the University of Nashville, A.B., 1841, 
and studied law under his uncle, Alexander 
Porter (q.v.), but never practised. He was 
twice married : first, in 1847, to Martha, daughter 
of J. W. Allison, and secondly, to Rebecca G., 
daughter of Andrew Allison. In 1861 he entered 
the Confederate service as adjutant-general on 
the staff of Gen. George Manly, and later was 
attached to the staffs of Gen, John C. Brown 
and Gen. Benjamin F, Cheatham. He was 
elected a member of the board of trustees of 
the University of Nashville in 1873 ; president of 
the board in 1884, and on the death of Eben S, 
Stearns in 1885, was made chancellor pro tempore, 
serving as such until his death. He was closely 
connected with the political life of the state, al- 
though he never held office. He received the 
honorary degree of LL.D. He died at Nashville, 
Tenn., Feb. 11, 1888. 

PORTER, Andrew, soldier, was born in 
Worcester, Montgomery county, Pa., Sept. 24, 
1748 ; son of Robert Porter, who emigrated from 
Londonderry, Ireland, in 1720, and settled in 
Londonderry, N. H. Andrew conducted an Eng- 
lish and mathenfatical school in Philadelphia, 
1767-76. He was appointed captain of marines, 
and stationed on the frigate Effingham in 1776 ; 
transferred to the 4th Pennsylvania artillery ; 
promoted captain, major, March 13, 1782, lieu- 
tenant-colonel and colonel, and was engaged in 
the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine and 
Germantown, being personally commended on 
the field by General Washington, for his conduct 
during the last named battle. He was sent to 
Philadelphia, Pa., to enlist men, and prepare for 
the siege of Yorktown. He accompanied Gen. 
John Sullivan’s expedition against the Indians, 
and suggested to Gen. James Clinton the plan of 


‘raising the water of Otsego lake by means of a 


dam, thus allowing the passage of the troops by 
boat to Tioga point. He refused the chair of 
mathematics in the University of Pennsylvania, 
and retired to his farm in 17838. He was a mem- 
ber of the Pennsylvania boundary commission, — 
1784-87, and gave bis aid and advice in the com- 
pletion of the western end of the Mason and 
Dixon line. He was commissioned brigadier- 
general of state militia in 1801, and major-general 
and surveyor-general, 1809-13. He declined the 
commission of brigadier-general, U.S.A.,and the 
portfolio of war, tendered by President Monroe in 
1812. He died in Harrisburg, Pa., Nov. 16, 1813. 


[304] 





PORTER 











































PORTER, Andrew, soldier, was born in Lan- 
ster, Pa., July 10, 1820; son of George Bryan 
(q.v.). He attended the U.S. Military 
udemy, 1836-87, and upon the outbreak of the 
ar with Mexico, was appointed 1st lieutenant of 
mounted rifles. He was appointed captain, May 
: 5, 1847, and was brevetted major for gallantry 
Fou t Contreras and Cherubusco, and lieutenant- 
colonel for gallantry at Chapultepec, Sept. 18, 
1847. He served in Texas and in the southwest, 
a nd in 1861 was ordered to Washington and 
riven command of the 16th U.S. infantry. He 
~ commanded a brigade in the 2nd division, Mc- 
Dowell's army, at the battle of Bull Run, and on 
the disablement of Gen. David Hunter, succeeded 
to the command of the 2d division. He was 
appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, May 
17, 1861; was provost-marshal-general for the 
Army of the Potomac, 1861-62; organized troops 
at Harrisburg, Pa., in 1862, and in November, 
_ 1862, was assigned toa command in Pennsylvania. 
He was provost-marshal-general of Washington ; 
4 was mustered out, April 4, 1864, and resigned his 
commission, April 20, 1864. He diedin Paris, 
France, Jan. 3, 1872. 

PORTER, Augustus Steele, U.S. senator, was 
_ born in Canandaigua, N.Y., Jan. 18,1798. He 
was graduated from Union college, Schenectady, 
aN: Y., in 1818, and practised law at Black Rock, 
N.Y. He removed to Detroit, Mich., about 1822; 
was mayor of the city, 1836-38, and was elected 
to the U.S. senate as a Whig, serving, 1839-45. 
He removed to Niagara Falls, N.Y., in 1848, 
where his father resided, and he lived in retire- 
_ ment, his only national service being that of dele- 
a to the Union convention at Philadelphia, 1866, 
e died at Niagara Falls, N.Y., Sept. 18, 1872. 
‘PORTER, Benjamin Curtis: artist, was born 
a Melrose, Mass.; son of Charles and Julia 
is) Porter. He studied art at an early age, 
a ind traveled extensively in America and Europe. 
For some years he gave his attention to figure 
ing, but finally devoted himself entirely to 
aiture, establishing a studio in New York 
In 1876 he exhibited at the National 
demy of Design, New York city, and was 
ed an associate in 1878, and an academician 
in 1880, He was married in 1887 to Mary Louise 
Clark of Connecticut. He was awarded a medal 
at the Paris exposition, 1900, and at the Pan- 
; merican exposition, Buffalo, 1901. His princi- 
works include: Henry V. and the Princess 


Ps 
Ww 
ae 
“4 
a 


te (1868) ; The Mandolin Player and Cupid 
. Butterflies (1874); The Hour Glass (1876); 
rtrait of Lady with Dog (1876); Portrait of 
with Dog (1884), and numerous other por- 
s, among the subjects being Cornelius Van- 
ilt, Mrs. Henry Clews, Mrs. Abram S. 
ritt and Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney. 


PORTER 


PORTER, Charlotte, author and editor, was 
born in Towanda, Pa., Jan. 6, 1859; daughter of 
Dr. Henry Clinton and Eliza Elinor (Betts) 
Porter ; grand-daughter of Horace and Hannah 
Twitchell (Frisbie) Porter, Waterbury, Conn., 
and of Nathaniel Noble and Eliza Montague 
(Warner) Betts, Towanda, Pa., and a descendant 
of Daniel Porter, called ‘* the bone-setter” in the 
Records of General Court at New Haven, Conn., 
who moved from Danvers, Mass., to Farmington, 
Conn., in 1635. She was a student at Wells 
college, Aurora, N.Y., 1873-75, graduating B.S, 
in the latter year, and while an undergraduate 
editing the Wells College Chronicle. In 1882 she 
removed to Philadelphia, Pa., and in 1888 visited 
Europe, contributing meanwhile to magazines. 
She edited Shakespeariana, 1886-88 ; the Ethical 
Record, 1888, and in January, 1889, with Helen 
Archibald Clarke, founded Poet-Lore. They 
removed to Boston in April, 1892, where they 
continued the magazine. She is the author of: 
Dramatie Motive in Browning’s Strafford (1897). 
Her other works, prepared in collaboration with 
Miss Clarke, are as follows: Poems of Robert 
Browning (2 vols., 1896); The Ring and the Book 
(1897); Clever Tales, translated (1897); Robert 
Browning’s Complete Works, Camberwell edition 
(12 vols., 1898); The Works of Mrs. Browning, 


~ Coxhoe edition (6 vols., 1900); Browning hat 


Programmes (1900); Shakespeare Studies: Mac- 
beth (1902); Shakespeare’s Works, Blidabethan 
Edition, First Folio Text, with Critical Introduc- 
tions and Notes. two initial volumes, Love’s 
Labor’s Lost and Midsummer Night's Dream 
(1902-03). 

PORTER, David, naval officer, 
Boston, 
Porter, and grandson of Capt. 
ter, who commanded 
merchant vessels sail- 
ing for New England 
ports, previous to the 
Revolutionary war. 
Capt. David Porter, 
Sr., commanded the 
sloop Delight, 1778-80, 
and the ship Awrora 
in 1780. He was cap- 
tured and imprisoned 
in the prison-ship Jer- 
sey, New York har- 
bor, where he found 
his brother Samuel 
in a dying condition, 
and remained with 
him till the end, when he succeeded in escap- 
ing from the ship in a water-cask. He con- 
tinued to serve in the navy until the close of 
the war. He was appointed sailing-master in 


was born in 


Mass., Feb. 1, 1780; son of Capt. David 
Alexander Por- 





[305] 


PORTER 


the new navy by President Washington, and 
had charge of the signal station on Federal 
Hill, Baltimore, Md. David Porter, Jr., ac- 
companied his father to sea in the West India 
trading ship Eliza in 1796, and on his second 
voyage the crew of the brig were impressed on 
board a British frigate, where most of them, in- 
cluding young Porter, refused to perform duty 
and were put in irons. Porter, when brought to 
the mast to be whipped, broke away from his 
captors, jumped overboard and swam to a Danish 
brig, bound for Europe. He re-shipped on another 
foreign vessel bound for the United States, was 
again impressed on a British man-of-war, where 
he received brutal treatment, but finally escaped. 
He was warranted midshipman, April 16, 1789, 
and was ordered to the frigate Constellation, 
Capt. Thomas Truxton, on a cruise in the West 
Indies, Aug. 20,1798. On Feb. 9, 1799,'Truxton 
met and captured the French frigate L’Insur- 
gente, Capt. Barreault, and the prize was brought 
to port by Lieut. John Rogers, with Midshipman 
Porter second in command. Porter was pro- 
moted lieutenant, Oct. 8, 1799, and transferred to 
the schooner Experiment of the West India 
squadron, which on Jan. 1, 1800, while convoying 
several merchantmen, was becalmed off Santo 
Domingo and attacked by ten picaroon barges. 
Porter, who worked the Experiment during the 
entire engagement and was severely wounded, 
effected the escape of the fleet. Subsequently, 
with a boat and four men, he took possession of 
the prize Deux Amis. The prisoners on this 
vessel numbered ten times as many as their 
captors, and Porter ordered them all forward, 
loaded one of his small guns, and threatened to 
shoot the first man that crossed a prescribed 
line. In this manner, for three nights and four 
days he managed his prize, finally bringing it 
into the harbor of St. Kitts. Upon the outbreak 
of the war with Tripoli in 1802, Porter was ap- 
pointed first lieutenant on board the frigate New 
York, and in April, 1802, while off the coast of 
Tripoli, he volunteered to lead an assault in small 
boats into the harbor. He landed in the face of 
a largely superior force, set fire to the boats in 
the harbor and returned to the squadron, but 
not until he was again wounded. He was trans- 
ferred to the Philadelphia, Capt. Bainbridge, and 
on Oct. 31, 1808, was on board that vessel in the 
harbor of Tripoli when she ran on a sunken reef 
and was captured, the officers and crew being 
taken prisoners and confined until peace was 
restored. He was commissioned master-com- 
mandant, April 22, 1806. On March 10, 1808, he 
was married to Evelina, daughter of William 
Anderson of Chester, Pa. He commanded the 
naval forces at New Orleans, and captured three 
French privateers anchored in the Mississippi 


PORTER 


river. In 1811 he was given command of the 
frigate Essex, and upon the outbreak of the war 
of 1812 was promoted captain, and succeeded in 
capturing several prizes, including a transport 
with 150 men, and the sloop-of-war Alert, the first 
English ship of the line captured in the war. On 
Dec. 11, 1812, he captured the British packet Nor- 
ton, with specie amounting to $55,000, and on Dec. 
29, 1812, the schooner Elizabeth. He entered the 
port of Valparaiso, 8.A., where he learned that 
Peru had sent out cruisers against the Americans. 
After refitting his ship he set sail, and on March 
25, 1812, captured the Peruvian privateer Nereyda, 
which had on board the crews of two American 
whalers, the Barclay and Walker. He cruised 
in the Pacific for ten months, capturing many 
British whalers, including the Montezuma, 
Georgiana and Policy, which were attached to 
the Essex and refitted. Porter now sailed with 
his fleet to the Marquesas Islands to refit, anchor- 
ing in the bay of Nukohwah, which he named 
Massachusetts Bay, and after subduing the 
natives of the island, he took possession in the 
name of the United States. On Feb. 3, 1814, 
in company with the Essex, Jr. (formerly the 
Georgiana), the Essex arrived at Valparaiso, and 
on Feb, 8, the British frigate Phebe, Capt. James 
Hillyer, with her consort the Cherub, arrived 
and anchored near the Essex. The neutrality of 
the port was not violated, and on March 28, 1814, 
the Essex attempted to escape from the port. 
She was immediately attacked by the Phiebe and 
Cherub, and after an engagement that lasted for 
two hours and thirty minutes, the Essea was 
reduced to a wreck and Porter struck his colors, 
fifty-eight of his crew being killed and sixty-six 
wounded. Soon after the capture, Porter made 
an agreement with Hillyer to disarm the Essex, 
Jr., if allowed to proceed with his surviving 
officers and crew to the United States. He sailed, 
April 27, 1814, arriving off Sandy Hook, N.Y., 
July 5, 1814, where he fell in with the British 
ship Saturn, Captain Nash, and was detained, 
Captain Nash doubting the authority of Captain 
Hillyer to issue papers of safe conduct. Porter 
escaped, July 6, 1814, and reached Babylon, LI, 
The Essex, Jr., was condemned and sold, and he 
was appointed commissioner of the navy, serving, 
1815-23. In 1823, in charge of an expedition to 
suppress the West Indian pirates, he sailed to the 
Gulf and established a naval depot at Key West. 
In October, 1824, being informed of the robbery 
of an American mercantile house in St. Thomas, 
he dispatched the Beagle, Lieutenant Platt, to 
investigate the matter. Lieutenant Platt was 
badly treated by the civil authorities and Porter, 
considering it an insult to the American flag, 
madea land attack on Foxordo, secured an 
apology from the authorities and then removed 


[306] 


fh ciel a 





ee 














as 


PORTER 


his men. He was ordered home, court-martialed 
and suspended for six months on the ground that 
he had exceeded his authority. This action so 
displeased him that he resigned his commission and 
entered the Mexican service as commander-in- 
chief of the naval forces. In 1829 he returned 
to the United States, and was appointed by 


President Jackson consul-general at Algiers. He- 


was transferred to Constantinople as charge 
daffaires, and in 1831 was made minister resi- 
dent. He is the author of: Journal of a Cruise 
made to the Pacific Ocean in the U.S. Frigate 
“ Essex” in 1812-13 (2 vols., 1815), and Constan- 
tinople and its Environs (2 vols., 1835). Porter’s 
name received six votes for a place in the Hall 
of Fame for Great Americans, New York uni- 
versity, in October, 1900. He died in Pera, a 
suburb of Constantinople, Turkey, March 28, 
1848, and was buried at the naval asylum, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

PORTER, David Dixon, naval officer, was born 
in Chester, Delaware county, Pa., June 8, 1813 ; 
son of David and Evelina (Anderson) Porter. He 
attended Columbian college, Washington, D.C., 
and in 1825 accompanied his father, then in com- 
mand of the West In- 
dia squadron, on a 
cruise on the Spanish 
Main. He was ap- 
pointed midshipman 
in the Mexican navy, 
and served under his 
cousin, David H. Por- 
ter, on the schooner 
Esmeralda in 1826, 
and later on the brig 
Guerrero, which was 
captured off the coast 
of Cuba by a Spanish 
frigate, his cousin 
being killed. He was 
appointed a midship- 
man inthe U.S. navy, Feb. 2, 1829, and served 
in the Mediterranean squadron on the Con- 
stellation, Congress and Delaware. He was pro- 
moted passed midshipman, July 3, 1835, and 
lieutenant, Feb. 27, 1841; served in the Medi- 
terranean and Brazilian squadrons, 1841-45; was 
appointed to the naval observatory, Washing- 
ton, in 1845, and in 1846 was sent on a confi- 
dential mission to report on the condition of 
affairs at Santo Domingo. On his return he was 
given command of the steamer Spitfire, the flag- 
ship of the Mosquito fleet under Commodore Tatt- 
nall, and served in every action on the east coast. 
He returned to the coast survey at the close of 
the war, and was captain of the Pacific Mail 
Steamers Panama and Georgia, 1849-53; com- 
manded a store ship inthe U.S. navy in 1853; 


PORTER 


was on shore duty at the Portsmouth navy yard 
in 1858, and in 1861 was given command of the 
steamer Powhatan with troops for the relief of 
Fort Pickens. He was promoted commander, 
April 22, 1861, and remained in charge of the 
Powhatan in the Gulf blockading fleet until 
November, 1861, when hereturned to Washington 
and endeavored to demonstrate to the navy de- 
partment the advisability of an expedition to New 
Orleans. He joined the expedition under Farra- 
gut in March, 1862, having command of the 
mortar fleet consisting of twenty-one schooners 
and five steamers, and with the fleet bombarded 
Forts Jackson and St. Philip, compelling their 
surrender, April 28, 1862. He served under Far- 
ragut in all the operations between New Orleans 
and Vicksburg, supporting his advance when 
Farragut passed the Vicksburg batteries, and 
on Oct. 1, 1862, was given the rank of rear-ad- 
miral and ordered to relieve Admiral Davis in 
command of the Mississippi squadron. He or- 
ganized and enlarged his fleet by casing river- 
steamboats with heavy iron plating and railroad 
iron, and adapting them to the narrow winding 
streams in which they were to operate. He co- 
operated with General Grant in the Vicksburg 
campaign and three times sent expeditions to 
force a passage for the fleet into the Yazoo delta. 
The third expedition, composed of five of his best 
iron-clads, he led in person, and after many diffi- 
culties reached the open country, where his 
progress was checked by the inhabitants, who 
blocked the stream with trees, obliging the fleet 
to retreat. He commanded the fleet that ran the 
fortifications of Vicksburg in April, 1863, and 
opened fire on the forts at Grand Gulf, April 29, 
1863. During that night, the fleet having suc- 
cessfully ferried Grant’sarmy across the river. he 
captured the forts at Haynes Bluff, and thus se- 
cured access to the Upper Yazoo. On July 4, 1863, 
Vicksburg surrendered, but Porter remained at the 
head of the Mississippi squadron until August, 
1863. He was commissioned rear-admiral, July 4, 
1863, and in the spring of 1864 commanded the 
naval force in the Red River expedition. After 
waiting to hear from General Banks, whose army 
was defeated at Mansfield, La.. he withdrew his 
fleet, under a harassing fire from the troops on 
the river bank. On reaching the rapids above 
Alexandria, the Eastport was sunk by a hidden 
torpedo, and in order to pass the shallow rapids a 
dam was built by Lieut.-Col. Joseph Bailey (q.v.), 
from timber cut on the river bank. In October, 
1864, Porter was transferred to the command of 
the North Atlantic blockading squadron, to con- 
duct the movement against Wilmington. His 
fleet comprised five armored ships, including the 
New Tronsides. three of the great screw frigates, 
Colorado, Minnesota and Wabash, and the side- 


[307] 


PORTER 


wheelers, Powhatan and Susquehanna, besides 
fifty corvettes, sloops of war and gunboats. On 
Jan. 13, 1864, the fleet, mounting six hundred 
and twenty guns, opened a fire (which lasted for 
three days) on Fort Fisher, while under cover of 
his guns eight thousand troops were landed, and 
on Jan. 15, 1865, the works were captured by a 














= = OR, 


Se a eS Se = 





3 - —— eS 
THE BOMBARDMENT oF FORT FISHER 


combined attack of soldiers, sailors and marines. 
For this enterprise Admiral Porter received a vote 
of thanks from congress. He succeeded David 
G. Farragut as vice-admiral of the navy, July 25, 
1866, and was superintendent of the U.S. Naval 
academy, 1866-69. In March, 1869, he was as- 
signed to duty at the navy department in Wash- 
ington, and on Aug. 15, 1870, succeeded Farragut 
as admiral, which rank ceased to exist on his 
death, and was re-created in 1899 for George 
Dewey. In 1874, when war with Spain was 
threatened, he was selected to command the fleet. 
He was president of the board of inspection for 
several years. He is the author of : Life of Com- 
modore David Porter (1875); Allan Dare and 
Robert le Diable (1888), which was dramatized 
and produced in New York city in 1887; Inci- 
dents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (1885); 
Harry Martine (1886), and History of the Navy 
in the War of the Rebellion (1887). He died at 
Washington, D.C., Feb. 16, 1891, and was buried 
with the highest military honors at the Arlington 
National cemetery. 

PORTER, David Rittenhouse, governor of 
Pennsylvania, was born in Norristown, Pa., Oct. 
31, 1788; son of Gen. Andrew Porter (q.v). He 
attended, the academy at Norristown, and became 
secretary to his father in the 
surveyor-general’s office at 
Harrisburg in 1809. He 
removed to Huntingdon 
county; engaged in iron 
manufacturing and in agri- 
culture, anl was married in 
1826 to Josephine, daughter 
of William McDermott. He was a representative 
in the state legislature, 1834-86; state senator, 
1236-38 ; was elected governor of the state in 1838 
by the Democratic party, and was re-elected fora 
second term in 1841. He advocated the completion 





PORTER 


of the main lines of canais and rivers across the 
state from east to west, endeavored to secure the 
payment of interest on the public debt and sup- 
pressed the Philadelphia riots of 1844. He returned 
to his iron business in 1844, and was subsequently 
interested with Gen. Sam Houston of Texas in 
the organization of a railroad through Texas to 
the Pacific coast, but the outbreak of the civil 
war ruined the project. He died in Harrisburg, 
Pa., Aug. 6, 1867. 

PORTER, Ebenezer, educator, was born in 
Cornwall, Conn., Oct. 5, 1772; son of Judge 
Thomas (1734-1833) and Abigail (Howe) Porter, 
anda descendant of Thomas Porter, who emi- 
grated from England to America about 1640 and 
was a proprietor of Farmington, Conn. He was 
graduated at Dartmouth college, A.B., 1792, A.M., 
1795; was ordained to the Congregational minis- 
try, Sept. 6, 1796; was pastor at Washington, 
Conn., 1796-1812 ; professor of sacred rhetoric at 
Andover Theological seminary, 1812-82, and pre- 
sident of the seminary, 1827-84. He was married 


‘in May, 1797, to Lucy Pierce, daughter of the 


Rev. Noah Mervin. He declined the presidency 
of the University of Vermont in 1815, the chair 
of divinity at Yale in 1816, and the presidency of 
the University of Georgia in 1818. He was also 
consulted in regard to his possible acceptance of 
the presidency of Hamilton, Middlebury, South 
Carolina and Dartmouth colleges. He received 
the honorary degrees A.M. from Yale in 1795, 
D.D. from Dartmouth in 1814, and became a 
member of the Connecticut Academy of Arts 
and Sciences in 1809. He is the author cf: The 
Young Preacher’s Manual (1819); An Analysis of 
the Principles’ of Rhetorical Delivery (i827); 
Syllabus of Lectures (1829); Rhetorical Reader 
(1831); The Revivals of Religion (18382); The 
Cultivation of Spiritual Habits and Progress in 
Study (1833); Homileties, Preaching and Public 
Prayer (1834); Eloquence and Style, revised by 
Lyman Matthews (1836), and many sermons. 
See memoir by the Rev. Lyman Matthews (1836). 
He died in Andover, Mass., April 8, 1834. 
PORTER, Elbert Stothoff, clergyman and 
editor, was born at Hillsborough, N.J., Oct. 23, 
1820; son of John Warburton and Mary Bennett 
(McColm) Porter. He was graduated at the 
College of New Jersey, A.B., 1839, A.M., 1842, 
and began the study of law which he abandoned 
for theology, graduating at the Theological Sem- 
inary of the Reformed Dutch church at New 
Brunswick, N.J., in 1842. He joined the New 
Brunswick classis in 1842, and was pastor at 
Chatham, N.Y., 1842-49. Hewas married in 1845 
to Eliza K., daughter of the Rev. Peter S. Wyn- 
koop of Ghent, N.Y. He was pastor of the First Re- 
formed Dutch church, Williamsburgh, L.1.,N.Y., 
1849-83, and during 1868-69, built a new church 


[308] 









































PORTER 


‘at a cost of $130,000. In 1888 he retired to his 
farm at Claverack, N.Y. He received the hon- 
-orary degree D.D. from Rutgers college in 1854, 
and was president of the first general synod of 
- the church held after the name was changed to 
Reformed Church of North America. He was 
editor of the Christian Intelligencer, the organ of 
the church, 1852-68, and subsequently contributed 
to other religious periodicals. He is the author 
of: A History of the Reformed Dutch Chureh 
in the United States; The Pustor’s Guide, and 
hymns. He died at Claverack, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1888. 

PORTER, Eliphalet, clergyman, was born in 
North Bridgewater, Mass., June 11, 1758; son of 
_ John and Mary (Huntington) Porter, and grand- 
gon of Samuel Porter. John Porter (1715-1802), 
Harvard, A.B., 1736, A.M., 1739, was a cele- 
brated Calvinist clergyman. Eliphalet H. Por- 
ter was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1777, A.M., 
1780. He was ordained, Oct. 2, 1782; was pastor 
of the Congregational church at Roxbury, Mass., 
1782-1830, and had as his assistant, the Rev.George 
Putnam, 1830-33. He was married in October, 
1801, to Martha, daughter of Major Nathaniel 
Ruggles of Roxbury. He received the degree 
$.T.D. from Harvard in 1807; wasa fellow of 
Harvard, 1818-83; a fellow of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences; an original 
trustee of the Massachusetts Bible society, and a 
founder of the State Temperance society. He 
published sermons and a Hulogy on Washington 
(1800). He died at Roxbury, Mass., Dec. 7, 1833. 

PORTER, Fitz-John, soldier, was born at 
Portsmouth, N.H., June 13, 1822; son of Capt. 
John and Eliza Chauncy (Clarke) Porter, anda 
nephew of Com. David Porter. He attended the 
school of Benjamin Hallowell, Alexandria, Va. ; 
Phillips Exeter acad- 
emy, and the school 
of Stephen M. Weld, 
Jamaica Plain, Mass., 
and was graduated 
from the U.S. Mili- 
tary academy, and 
assigned to the 4th 
artillery, July 1, 1845. 
>41 He served at the mil- 
_ itary academy and in 
== garrison at Fort Mon- 
roe, Va., 1845-46; 
was promoted 2d lieu- 
tenant, June 18, 1846, 
and in July, 1846, 
reported at = Point 
Isabel, Texas, taking part in the battle of Buena 
‘Vista. He engaged in the siege of Vera Cruz; 
in the battle of Cerro Gordo; was promoted Ist 
lieutenant, May 29, 1847, and served at Con- 
treras, where his company re-captured two of 


[309] 


PORTER 


their guns taken at Buena Vista. He was 
brevetted captain, for gallant conduct at Molino 
del Rey, Sept. 8, 1847, and major, for services at 
Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847. He was wounded in 
the assault and capture of the Belen Gate, Sept. 18, 
1847; was in garrison at Fort Monroe in 1848; at 
Fort Pickens, Fla., 1848-49, and served as assistant 
instructor in natural and experimental philosophy 
at the Military academy, 1849-53; as assistant 
instructor in artillery, July-Sept., 1853, and as 
instructor in artillery and cavalry, 1854-55. He 
was brevetted captain of staff and assistant 
adjutant-general, June 27, 1856, and served under 
Gen. Persifor F. Smith at Fort Leavenworth, 
Kan., during the Kansas troubles of 1856. He 
was married, March 19, 1857, to Harriet Pierson, 
daughter of John and Hannah (Sanford) Cook 
of New York city. He was on the staff of Gen. 
A. 8. Johnston in the Utah expedition, 1857-60, 
and was sent to Texas in 1861 to re-enforce the 
garrisons at Key West and Dry Tortugas. He 
commanded the troops engaged in protecting the 
railroad between Baltimore and Washington, 
immediately after the riot in Baltimore. Hewas 
assigned to the staff of Gen. Robert Patterson, 
of the Department-of Pennsylvania; was pro- 
moted colonel, 15th infantry, May 14, 1861, and 
commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, 
May 17, 1861. He took part in the action of 
Falling Waters, Va., July 2, 1861; commanded a 
division in the defences of Washington, D.C., 
1861-62; in the Virginia Peninsular campaign, 
March-May, 1862, and directed the siege of York- 
town, April 5-May 4, 1862. He commanded the 
5th army corps, Army of the Potomac, May- 
Aug., 1862, in the battles of New Bridge, Han- 
over Court-House, Mechanicsville, Gaines’s Mill, 
Turkey Bridge and Malvern Hill; was brevetted 
brigadier-general, U.S.A., June 27, 1862, for gal- 
lant conduct at Chickahominy, Va.; commis- 
sioned major-general of volunteers, July 4, 1862; 
transferred to northern Virginia in August, 
1862 ; took part in the battle of Manassas under 
Pope, Aug. 30-Sept. 2, 1862, and protected 
Washington by occupying the west bank of the 
Potomac, Sept. 2-18, 1862. He commanded the 
5th army corps under McClellan at Antietam, 
Sept, 17, 1862, where his corps formed the centre 
of the line of battle, and with his corps alone, 
fought the battle of Shepherdstown, capturing 
four guns, Sept. 19, 1862. In November, 1862, 
he was relieved of his command and ordered to 
Washington to appear before a military com- 
mission to answer the charges preferred against 
him by Gen. John Pope. This order was re- 
voked and a court-martial ordered. On Nov. 25, 
1862, he was arrested, but it was not until Dec. 
1, 1862, that the charges against him were made 
known, He was accused of disobedience to the 


PORTER 


order to join Pope at Bristoe on the morning of 
Aug. 28, 1862; to two other orders issued on 
Aug. 29, one to advance, the other to attack, 
and of violation of the 52d article of war. The 
court-martial found him guilty of the charges 
preferred against him and he was cashiered, Jan. 
21, 1863, and “ forever disqualified from holding 
any office of trust or profit under the govern- 
ment of the United States.” On June 20, 1878, a 
a board of officers convened by order of President 
Hayes, completely vindicated him of all the 
charges. In their report they say ‘‘ Porter's 
faithful, subordinate and intelligent conduct that 
afternoon (August 29) saved the Union army from 
the defeat which would otherwise have resulted 
that day from the enemy’s more speedy concen- 
tration.” The question of the restoration of his 
military rank on the finding of the military com- 
mission was brought before congress, where it 
was fought on purely party lines. In 1885 it 
passed both houses, but was vetoed by President 
Arthur, who held that congress was without con- 
stitutional authority to pass such a bill. Porter 
went to Colorado in the interest of a mining firm 
in 1864, but a bill was introduced in the legisla- 
ture, expelling him from the territory. He re- 
turned to New York and engaged in business ; 
was superintendent of the construction of the 
New Jersey insane asylum, 1872-75; commis- 
sioner of public works in the city of New York, 
1875-77, filling an unexpired term; assistant re- 
ceiver of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, 
1877-82 ; police commissioner of New York city, 
1884-88 ; fire commissioner, 1888-89, and cashier 
of the New York post office, 1893-97. In 1869 the 
Khedive of Egypt offered him the command of 
his army with the rank of major-general, which 
offer he declined, preferring to remain in the 
United States to secure his vindication. An act 
of congress was approved by Cleveland in July, 
1886, by which Porter was reappointed colonel, 
U.S.A., his commission to date May 14, 1861. 
He died in Morristown, N.J., May 21, 1901. 
PORTER, George Bryan, third territorial 
governor of Michigan, was born at Norristown, 
Pa., Feb. 9, 1791 ; son of General Andrew Porter 
(q.v.). He practised law at Lancaster, Pa., was 
attorney-general of the state; a representative 
in the state legislature, and on Aug. 6, 1831, he 
was appointed by President Andrew Jackson 
governor of the territory of Michigan, serving 
until his death. He took the field in the Black 
Hawk war, 1832-33, and during his administra- 
tion Wisconsin was separated from Michigan and 
made a territory, many new townships were 
organized and new roads-constructed. The terri- 
tory also appealed to congress for admission into 
the Union, but this was postponed until Nov. 
3, 1835, He died in Detroit, Mich., July 6, 1834. 


PORTER 


PORTER, Horace, soldier and diplomatist, 
was born in Huntingdon, Pa., April 15, 18387; 
son of Gov. David Rittenhouse (q.v.) and Jose- 
phine (McDermett) Porter, and grandson of Gen, 
Andrew Porter. He attended the Harrisburg 
academy and _pre- 
pared for college at 
Lawrenceville, N.J. 
He entered the scien- 
tific department of 
Harvard university in 
1854; was appointed 
a cadet at the U.S. 
Military academy in 
1855, and was gradu- 
ated third in a class 
of forty-two mem- 
bers, brevet 2d lieu- 
tenant of ordnance, 
July 1, 1860. He was 
instructor in artillery 
at the academy, July- 
October, 1860; and was assistant ordnance 
officer at Watervliet arsenal, N.Y., 1860-61. He 
was promoted 2d lieutenant, April 22, 1861, 
and ist lieutenant, June 7, 1861, and joined 
the expedition under Sherman and Dupont as 





assistant ordnance officer of the Port Royal 


expedition corps, 1861-62. He was stationed 
at Hilton Head Depdt, South Carolina, and 
engaged in erecting batteries of heavy artillery 
on the Savannah river and at Tybee Island, 
Ga., for the bombardment of Fort Pulaski. He 
was chief of ordnance and artillery at the reduc- 
tion and capture of the fort, April 10-11, 1862, 
and was brevetted captain April 11, 1862, for 
gallant and meritorious conduct at the siege of 
Pulaski, and presented with a captured sword 
bearing a suitable inscription. He prepared the 
heavy artillery and ordnance stores for the James. 
Island expedition, April 13-June 1, 1862; was 
wounded in the attack on Secessionville, S.C., 
June 16, 1862; was chief of ordnance of the 
Army of the Potomac under General McClellan, 
and superintended the transfer of the artillery 
from Harrison’s Landing, Va., to Maryland, July 
25-Sept. 19, 1862. He was chief of ordnance, 
Department of the Ohio, September, 1862-Janu- 
ary, 1863, and of the Department and Army of 
the Cumberland, January—November, 1863. He 
was married Dec. 23, 1863, to Sophie King, 
daughter of John McHarg of Albany, N.Y. He 
was promoted captain March 3, 1863, and served 
in the Tennessee campaign with the Army of 
the Cumberland, June 24—-Nov. 1, 1863, receiving 
a congressional medal of honor for a special act. 
of gallantry at the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 
20, 1868. He was detailed on special duty in the 
ordnance bureau, Washington, D.C., November, 


[310] 





















































q PORTER 
$3, and was promoted lieutenant-colonel of 
staff and aide-de-camp to Lieut.-Gen. U.S. Grant, 
April 4, 1864. He took part in the Richmond 
campaign, April 30, 1864-April 9, 1865; was 
_brevetted major, May 6, 1864, for gallant and 
- meritorious services at the battle of the Wilder- 
: ness; lieutenant-colonel, Aug. 16, 1864, for gal- 
lant and meritorious services in action at New- 
market Heights, Va.; colonel of U.S. volunteers, 
Feb. 24, 1865, and colonel U.S.A., March 13, 1865, 
for meritorious services during the rebellion, and 
brigadier-general, March 13, 1865, for gallant ser- 
vices in the field. He was promoted colonel of 
staff and aide-de-camp to the general-in-chief, 
July 25, 1866, and served with Grant at the army 
- headquarters in Washington until 1869. He was 
assistant secretary of war, 1866, and executive 
secretary to President Grant, 1869-73. In 1873he 
entered into business in New York as vice-presi- 
dent of the Pullman Palace Car company. He was 
the first president of the New York, West Shore 
and Buffalo railroad, president of the St. Louis 
and San Francisco railroad, and a director of 
several banks and railroads. In 1897 he was ap- 
pointed by President McKinley U.S. ambassador 
to France, and was reappointed to the office by 
President Roosevelt. He was elected a member of 
the Massachusetts Historical society, the Ameri- 
can Geographical society ; president-general of 
the National Society of the Sons of the American 
Revolution ; president of the Union League club, 
commander of the 
Military Order of 
the Loyal Legion, 
New York comman- 
dery ; past comman- 
der of the G. A. R., 
» and vice-president 


of the New York 
: Chamber of Com- 
= merce. As_ presi- 


dent of the Grant 
, Monument associa- 
“tion he completed 
4 ihe monument, hav- 
woe ing during’ the 

— TOMB OF GRANT, RIVERSIDE, NEW bydae months of April and 
May, 1892, raised 

_ $400,000 by popular subscription for the purpose. 
He was orator at the inauguration of Washington 

_ Arch, N.Y., May 4, 1895, and at the dedication 
of Grant’s tomb, N.Y., April 27, 1897; and de- 
 livered the oration at the West Point Centennial 
celebration, June 11, 1902. He is the author of : 
_ West Point Life (1860); Campaigning with Grant 
_ (1897), and contributions to the leading magazines. 
: WF ORTER, James Davis, governor of Ten- 
lessee, was born in Paris, Tenn., Dec. 7, 1828; 
m of Dr. Thomas Kennedy and Geraldine (Hor- 


_ settled in practice in 


.** Porter Resolutions’ 


“AS75270: 


PORTER 


ton) Porter; grandson of William and Hannah 
(Kennedy) Porter and of Josiah and Nancy 
(White) Horton, and a descendant of John 
Porter of Warwickshire, Eng., who settled in 
Massachusetts in 1628, and in Winsor, Conn., in 
1639. James Davis Porter was graduated from 
the University of 
Nashville, A.B., 1846, 
A.M., 1849, studied 
law in the oftice of 
Gen. John H. Dunlap 
and at Cumberland 
university, Lebanon, 
Tenn., and in 1851 


Paris, Tenn., where 
he was married June 
17, 1851, to Susanna, 
daughter of Gen. 
John H. and Marietta 
(Beauchamp)  Dun- 
lap. He served in 
the state legislature, 
1859-61, where he was the author of the famous 
> passed in 1861, pledging 
Tennessee to co-operate with the seceding states 
if force was resorted to by the Federal govern- 
ment. He served as adjutant-general to Gen. 
Gideon J. Pillow at Memphis for one month, and 
aided in organizing the provisional army of Ten- 
nessee. He then joined the staff of General Cheat- 
ham, and served as his chief of staff to the close of 
the war. He took part in the battles of Belmont, 
Shiloh, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, the siege 
of Atlanta, and the battles of Jonesboro, Franklin, 
Nashville, and Bentonville. He was a delegate 
to the state constitutional convention of 1870; 
judge of the 12th judicial circuit of Tennessee, 
1870-74, and was elected governor of Tennessee 
by the Democratic party, serving two terms, 
He was president of the Nashville, 
Chattanooga, and St. Louis railroad company, 
1880-1884 ; assistant secretary of state of the 
United States, 1885-87, and U.S. minister to 
Chili, 1893-95. He became first vice-president of 
the Tennessee Historical society, re-elected at the 
annual meeting in 1902; a trustee of the Pea- 
body Education fund from 1883, and president 
of the board of trustees of the University of 
Nashville, 1890, having been a member of the 
board for many years before his election as presi- 
dent. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. 
from the University of Nashville in 1877. He 
was chairman of the Tennessee delegation to the 
Democratic national convention of 1880 and 1892. 
He devoted the latter part of his life to farming, 
and was elected president of the Peabody College 
for Teachers and chancellor of the University of 
Nashville in 1901. He is the author of : The Mili- 





[311] 


PCRTER 


tary History of Tennessee, War of 1861-65, pub- 
lished under the direction of the Confederate 
Veterans’ association. 

PORTER, John Addison, chemist, was born 
in Catskill, N-Y., March 15, 1822. He was grad- 
uated from Yale college, A.B., 1842; A.M., 1845; 
was tutor in Delaware college, Newark, Del., 
1844-45, and professor of rhetoric and modern 
languages there, 1845-47. He studiedagricultural 
chemistry under Liebig at the University of 
Giessen, 1847-50; was assistant at the Lawrence 
Scientific school, Harvard ‘university, in 1850; 
was professor of chemistry and applied arts at 
Brown university, 1850-52; professor of analytical 
and agricultural chemistry at Yale, 1852-56, and 
professor of organic chemistry, 1856-64. He was 
married to Josephine Earl, daughter of Joseph E. 
Sheffield (q.v.), and was instrumental in securing 
from his father-in-law the generous donation 
that established the Sheffield Scientific school. 
He was a member of several scientific societies, 
and received the degree of M.D. from Yale in 
1855. During the civil war he published the 
Connecticut War Record, a monthly. In 1842 he 
founded the Scroll and Key society of Yale, which 
established to his memory in 1871 the John A, 
Porter essay prize of $250. 
Principles of Chemistry (1856); First Book of 
Chemistry and Allied Sciences (1857); Selections 
Srom the Kalerala, the Great Finnish Epic (1868). 
He died in New Haven, Conn., Aug. 25, 1866. 

PORTER, John Addison, journalist, was born 
in New Haven, Conn., April 17, 1856 ; son of 
Prof. John Addison (q.v.) and Josephine Earl 
(Sheffield) Porter. He attended the Hopkins 
grammar school, and the General Russell military 
academy at New Haven, and was graduated from 
Yale, A.B., 1878, A.M., 1881. He studied law 
in Cleveland, Ohio, but in 1880 joined the local 
staff of the Hartford Cowrant. In 1881 he was 
chosen literary editor of the New York Observer, 
and in 1882 was married to Amy E., daughter of 
Judge Samuel R. Betts of New York. He re- 
moved to Washington, D.C., where he renewed 
his newspaper connections, wrote frequently for 
the daily press, and in 1884 conducted a pub- 
lishing business, and was appointed by Senator 
Thomas C. Platt, a clerk on the select committee 
on Indian affairs. He removed to Pomfret, Conn., 
in 1886, purchased a third interest in the Hart- 
ford Evening Post, and became managing. editor 
and editor-in-chief. He was a representative in 
the state legislature in 1890; a delegate to the 
Republican national convention of 1892; candi- 
date for governor of the state in 1894, retiring in 
favor of the successful candidate, and was the 
unsuccessful candidate in 1896 and 1898. He 
was largely instrumental in persuading the Con- 
necticut delegates to the St. Louis convention to 


He is the author of : . 


PORTER 


cast their votes for William McKinley ; and was 
appointed ambassador to Italy, but declined in 
order to accept the position of private secretary 
to President McKinley. He is the author of: 
The Corporation of Yale College (1885); Origin 
and Administration of the City of Washington 
(1885), and Sketches of Yale Life (1886). He died 
at Pomfret, Conn., Dec. 15, 1900. 

PORTER, John Kilham, jurist, was born in 
Waterford, N.Y., Jan. 12, 1819; son of Dr. Elijah 
and Mary (Lawrence) Porter; grandson of Moses 
and Sarah (Kilham) Porter, and of David and 
Abigail (Burch) Lawrence, and a descendant of 
John Porter, whosettled in Windsor, Conn., about 
1639. He was graduated at Union college in 
1837; studied law in the office of Nicholas B. Doe 
and Richard B. Kimball (q.v.) at Waterford, 
N.Y., and settled in practice there in partnership 
with the former. He was a delegate to the 
Whig national convention of 1844, where his ad- 
dress gave him a national reputation, and was a 
member of the state constitutional convention of 
1846. He became associated with Nicholas Hill, 
Jr., and Peter Cagger in the practice of law in 
Albany, N.Y., in 1848, and in 1859 assumed 
charge of the firm’s cases in the court of appeals. 
Charles O’Conor (q.v.) employed him as his as- 
sociate in conducting the Parrish will case ; and 
Horace Greeley selected him as his counsel in the 
libel suit brought against the Tribune by De 
Witt C. Littlejohn. He was married, first, May 
27, 1847, to Sophie R., daughter of Eli M. Todd 
of Waterford, N.Y., and secondly, Nov. 18, 1861, 
to Harriett Tibbetts, daughter of John Cramer of 
Waterford. He was judge of the court of ap- 
peals, 1864-68, the first year by appointment, and 
then by election fora term of eight years, and 
resigned in 1868, resuming practice in New York 
city. William M. Tweed unsuccessfully sought 
tosecure his legal services in defending him 
against the charges brought by the Citizens’ com- 
mittee, and he was subsequently appointed to ex- 
amine the accounts of the city comptroller. He 
was also counsel for the Erie Railway company ; 
for General Babcock in the whiskey frauds trial ; 
for Mrs. Tilton in the Beecher-Tilton trial, in 1875, 
and senior counsel for the people in the trial of 
the assassin Guiteau, 1882. He died in Water- 
ford, N.Y., April 11, 1892. 

PORTER, Joshua, jurist, was born in Lebanon, 
Conn., in 1730; son of Nathaniel Buell and 
Eunice (Horton) Porter, and a descendant of 
John Porter, who emigrated from Warwick, 
England, to New England in 1628, and settled in 
Windsor, Conn., in 1639. He was graduated 
from Yale, A.B., 1754, A.M-, 1757, studied medi- 
cine, and practised in Salisbury, Conn. He was 
amember of the Connecticut legislature for 
more than forty sessions; a member of the com- 


[312] 


ostile 











PORTER 












































mittee of the pay table; colonel of the state 
militia before the Revolution, and superintendent 
o the Connecticut iron works at Salisbury, 
where cannon and ammunition were manu- 
etured, He commanded the 14th Connecticut 
yiment during the war, in the battles of Long 
Island, White Plains, Monmouth and Saratoga, 
and at the close of the war served as judge of 
‘the court of common pleas for thirteen years, 
and of the court of probate for thirty-seven 
years. He was married first, to Abigail, daughter 
of Capt. Peter and Martha Huntington Grant 
Buell; secondly, to Jerusha, daughter of Colonel 
Burr, of Fairfield, Conn., and thirdly, to Lucy, 
daughter of Col. John Ashley of Sheftield, Mass., 
and widow of Samuel Dutcher. He died in 
‘Salisbury, Conn., Sept. 12, 1825. 
PORTER, Noah, educator, was born in Farm- 
ington, Conn., Dec. 14, 1811; son of the Rev. 
Dr. Noah and Mehetable (Meigs) Porter. He 
was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1831, A.M., 1834 ; 
was master of the Hopkins grammar _ school, 
1831-33, and tutor at Yale, 1833-35. He attended 
the Divinity school, 1833-36, was ordained April 
27, 1836, and was married April 13, 1836, to Mary, 
ah aughter of the Rev. Dr. Nathaniel W. Taylor, 
oa professor of systematic theo- 
2 logy at Yale, 1822-58. He 
was pastor of Congregational 
churches at New Milford, 
Hf Conn., 1836-42; Springfield, 
J Mass., 1843-46; professor of 
moral philosophy and meta- 
physics at Yale, 1846-92, and 
president of Yale, 1871-86, resigning in 1886 and 
being succeeded by Timothy Dwight. He received 
the degree D.D. from the University of the City 
of New York, 1858, and LL.D. from Western Re- 
serve, 1870, from Trinity, 1871, and from the 
U: niversity of Edinburgh in 1886. He is said to 
have been one of the most scholarly metaphy- 
sicians in the United States; was the principal 
e editor of the revised editions of Noah Webster’s 
is nab idged Dictionary in 1864 and 1880, and is 





stems of the Puritans and Jesuits Compared 
S51); The Human Intellect, used as a text book 
t Yale and elsewhere (1868); Books and Read- 
ing (1870); American Colleges and the American 
Publie (1871); Sciences of Nature versus the 
eience of Man (1871); Evangeline: the Place, 
| Story and the Poem (1882); Science and 
ment (1882) ; The Elements of Moral Science 
(1885); Life of Bishop Berkeley (1885); and 
Kunt’s Ethics (1886). He died in New Haven, 
nn., March 4, 1892. 

TER, Peter Buel, statesman, was born in 
sbury, Conn., Aug. 14, 1773; son of Col. 


PORTER 


Joshua (q.v.) and Abigail (Buell) Porter. He 
was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1791; attended 
the Litchfield law school, and opened an office in 
Canandaigua, N.Y., in 1793, and in Black Rock, 
in 1795. He was a Democratic representative 
from New York in the 11th and 12th congresses, 
1809-13, and again for a part of the 14th congress, 
1815-16, resigning in 1816. While in the House, 
he was chairman of the committee on foreign 
relations which favored war with England. He 
declined the commission of major-general in 1813, 
and became colonel of New York and Penn-. 
sylvania volunteers, including Indian troops, and 
led them against the British, under Colonel 
Bishop, at Black Rock, in 1818. Heserved under 
Gen. Alexander Smyth in his Canadian expedi- 
tion, and performed gallant service at Chippewa, 
at the evacuation of Fort Erie by General Vin- 
cent, May 28, 1813, and at Lundy’s Lane, under 
Gen. Winfield Scott, July 25, 1814. Congress 
and the state of New York rewarded him with 
a gold medal and a sword. He declined the ap- 
pointment by President Madison of commander- 
in-chief of the army in 1815. He was a com- 
missioner to determine the route of the Erie 
eanal in 1815, and the Northwestern boundary 
in 1816, resulting in the final treaty of Oct. 20, 
1818. He declined the secretaryship of the state 
of New York in 1816; was the unsuccessful 
candidate for governor of New York in 1817, and 
was appointed secretary of war by President 
Adams, May 28, 1828, serving until1829. Hewas 
married in September, 1818, to Letitia, daughter 
of John and Mary Hopkins (Cabell) Breckin- 
ridge, of Kentucky. He died at Niagara Falls, 
N.Y., March 20, 1844. 

PORTER, Rufus, inventor, was born in West 
Boxford, Mass., May 1, 1792; son of Tyler and 
Abigail (Johnson) Porter; grandson of Benja- 
min and Ruth (Foster) Porter, and a descendant 
of John Porter, who emigrated from England, 
and settled in Hingham, Mass., about 1635, and in 
Salem, Mass., in 1644. Rufus Porter made a living 
as shoemaker, fife-player and house-painter from 
1807 until about 1815. He taught school forsome 
time, and in 1820 invented a camera-obscura, 
which enabled him to produce a portrait in a 
short time. This invention encouraged his 
nomadic inclinations, and he supported himself 
by traveling throughout the country, making 
portraits, until landscape-painting attracted his 
attention, and this he abandoned in 1840 for 
journalism. He became editor of the New York 
Mechanic, later published in Boston as the 
American Mechanic, and started the Scientific 
American in 1845, editing it until 1846, when he 
became interested in electrotyping. After a few 
months he devoted himself exclusively to his 
inventions, which include: a revolving almanac,. 


[313] 


PORTER 


revolving rifle, horse-power flat boat, cord-mak- 
ing machine (1825); clock, corn-sheller, churn, 
washing-machine, signal telegraph, fire alarm, 
flying ship, trip-hammer, fog whistle, engine- 
lathe, balanced valve, rotary plough, reaction 
wind-wheel, portable house, thermo-engine and 
rotary engine. He died in New Haven, Conn., 
Aug. 18, 1884. 

PORTER, Sarah, educator, was born in Farm- 
ington, Conn., Aug. 17, 1813; daughter of Noah 
and Mehetable (Meigs) Porter, and sister of 
Noah Porter, president of Yale college. In 1845 
she opened a day school for girls in Farming- 
ton, which subsequently developed into a large, 
well-equipped and successful seminary, with 
which she was actively connected for fifty-five 
years. In 1885 Miss Porter was presented with 
an art-building, the gift of her former students. 
On Oct. 28, 1902, the Sarah Porter Memorial 
Building, a parish house situated next to the old 
Puritan meeting house in Farmington, was dedi- 
cated to her memory. She died in Farmington, 
Conn., Feb. 18, 1900. 

PORTER, Thomas Conrad, botanist, was born 
in Alexandria, Pa., Jan. 22, 1822; son of John 
and Maria (Buchu) Porter ; grandson of Thomas 
and Jean (Montgomery) Porter and of John C. 
and Hannah (Mitinger) Buchu, and a descendant 
of the Rev. John Con- 
rad Buchu,» DYDD fot 
Schaffhausen, Swit- 
zerland, and of Capt. 
Jacob Mitinger of the 
American army of 
the Revolution. He 
was graduated from 
Lafayette college in 


1840 and from the 
Princeton Theologi- 


cal seminary in 1843, 
He was licensed to 
preach in 1844; was 
stated supply of a 
Presbyterian church 
at Monticello, Ga., 
1846-47 ; was ordained by the classis of Leba- 
non, Nov. 14, 1848, and was pastor of the 2d 
German Reformed church, Reading, Pa., 1848- 
49. He was married, Dec. 25, 1850, to Susan, 
daughter of John and Katherine Kunkel, of 
Harrisburg, Pa. He was professor of natural 
sciences at Marshall college, Mercersburg, Pa., 
1849-53, and removed with the college to Lancas- 
ter, Pa., in 1853, when it consolidated with Frank- 
lin college. He wassecretary of the board of trus- 
tees of Franklin and Marshall college, 1853-66 ; 
professor of botany, zodlogy and general geology 
at Lafayette, 1866-91 ; pastor of the Third Street 
Reformed church of Easton, Pa., 1877-84, and a 





PORTER 


member of the committee that framed the order 
of worship for the German Reformed church in 
the United States in 1867. He received the de- 
gree D.D. from Rutgers in 1865 and that of LL.D. 
from Franklin and Marshall in 1880. He was the 
founder and first president of Linnzean society 
of Lancaster county, Pa., a member or fellow of 
the leading scientific organizations of America, 
and is the author of : a translation of Herman and 
Dorothea (1854); Life of St. Augustine (1854); 
Lifeof  lrie Zwingli (1858); Flora of Colorado 
(1874); Flora in the United States (1892); Flora 
of Pennsylvania (1902); contributions to Dr. 
Philip Schaff’s Christian Song (1868), besides 
various verses, essays, articles in reviews and 
contributions to U.S. government botanical re- 
ports in Hayden and Wheeler’s surveys. He 
died in Easton, Pa., April 27, 1901. 

PORTER, William David, naval officer, was 
born in New Orleans, La., March 10, 1809; son of 
Com. David and Evelina (Anderson) Porter. He 
attended school in Philadelphia, Pa. ; was ap- 
pointed midshipman U.S.N., Jan. 1, 1823, was pro- 
moted lieutenant in 1833, and cruised in the Medit- 
erranean squadron, 1833-43 ; was then transferred 
tothe home squadron; commanded the store- 
ship Hrie in 1849, and the Waterwiteh in 1851, 
and was placed on the reserved list, Sept. 13, 
1855, but was promoted commander, Sept. 14, 
1859, and served in the Pacific squadron on the 
U.S. sloop St. Mary's. In 1861 he joined Commo- 
dore Foote in fitting out a gun-boat flotilla. He 
converted a ferry-boat into a powerful ironclad, 
which he named the Hsse2, in honor of his father’s 
ship, and in command of this gunboat he accom- 
panied the squadron up the Tennessee river, and 
engaged in the attack on Fort Henry, Feb. 6, 
1862. He was badly scalded by the explosion of 
a boiler during the attack, but soon recovered 
and commanded the Essex at Fort Donelson, Feb. 
14, 1862. In June, 1862, he passedthe Mississippi 
batteries to join the fleet at Vicksburg, and on 
July 15, 1862, met and seriously injured the Con- 
federate ram Arkansas, near Baton Rouge, La. 
He was promoted commodore, July 16, 1862; — 
commanded the bombardment of Natchez, Miss., 
Sept. 2, 1862; attacked the batteries below Vicks- 
burg and Port Hudson, and then proceeded to 
New Orleans. He was relieved of his command 
on account of failing health, and died in St. 
Luke’s hospital, New York city, May 1, 1864. 

PORTER, William Trotter, journalist, was 
born in Newbury, Vt., Dec. 24. 1809 ; son of Ben- 
jamin and Martha (Olcott) Porter: grandson 
of Gov. Peter Oleott of Norwich, Vt., and of 
Asa and Mehitable (Crocker) Porter, and a des- 
cendant of Samuel Porter, who emigrated from 
the west of England to Plymouth. Mass., in 1622. 
He did undergraduate work at Dartmouth college 


[314] 








PORTERFIELD 
















































ind in 1824 learned the printers’ trade in Andover, 
Mass. He was editor of the Farmers’ Herald at 
St. Johnsbury, Vt., 1829-30; associate editor of 
e Enquirer at Nox wich, Conn., in 1830, and was 
man ina printing-office in New York city, 
1830-82, Horace Greeley being one of his com- 
positors. In 1831 he established and edited, with 
James How, The Spirit of the Times, the first 
American sporting publication, later combined 
YY ae The Traveler as The Traveler and the Spirit of 
e Times, andagain appearing in 1835 under its 
title. In the meantime he was editor of the 
N w Yorker and the Constellation, 1832, and of the 
American Turf Register and Sporting Ma sbetiies 
1839 , when it ceased to be published. In 1856 
Be iishea, with George Wilkes, Porter's 
Si irit of the Times. He had in preparation a 
biography of Henry William Herbert (Frank 
\ Forester), and edited: ‘* The Big Bear of Arkan- 
sas and Other Tales” (1835); ‘‘ A Quarter Race 
: in Kentucky and Other Sketches” (1846) ; and 
“ Major T. B. Thorpe’s Scenes in Arkansas and 
Other Sketches” (1859); all of which were first 
printed in his papers, and an American edition 
of Col. Peter Hawker’s ‘“‘ Instructions to Young 
Sportsmen” (1846). See ‘‘Life of William T. 
Porter,” by Francis Brinley (1860). He died in 
New York city, July 20, 1858. 
_ PORTERFIELD, Charles, soldier, was born in 
Frederick county, Va., in 1750; son of William 
Pe rorterfield, who emigrated from England and 
settled in Pennsylvania early in the eighteenth 
tury. He enlisted in the first military com- 
y organized in 1775 in Frederick county to 
efend the patriot cause, Daniel Morgan being 
tain; joined Washington’s army at Cam- 
e, Mass., and was with Colonel Arnold in 
expedition against Quebec. In the disastrous 
t on that city he was taken prisoner inside 
fort Dec. 31,1775, but was exchanged and 
vin _ joined the army Feb. 3, 1777, serving as 
in Morgan’s Rifles, 1777-78. He was 
‘major, July 13, 1778, serving in Woodford’s 
e; was transferred to the 7th Virginia 
nt, Sept. 14, 1778, and resigned from the 
e, July 2,1779. On Aug. 14, 1779, he was 
nted by Governor Jefferson lieutenant- 
el of a Virginia state regiment organized 
y through his own efforts, and proceeded 
harleston, S.C., in the spring of 1780. At 
battle near Camden, S.C., Aug. 16, 1780, 
e he commanded a part of the advance 
of General Gates’s army, he was severely 
led, taken prisoner, and after ten days, 
‘meanwhile received no medical atten- 
submitted to the amputation of his leg, and 
paroled. His death, resulting from the 
ets of his injury, occurred on the Santee 
, .C., in October, 1780. 


ad 


PORTIER 


PORTERFIELD, Robert, soldier, was born in 
Frederick county, Va., Feb. 22, 1752; brother of 
Charles Porterfield (q.v.). He was appointed 
2d lieutenant in the 11th Virginia regiment, Dee. 
24, 1776 ; served in Colonel Daniel Morgan's com- 
pany through the campaigns of 1777-79; was 
promoted 1st lieutenant June 1, 1777; adjutant 
April 19, 1778; was transferred to the 7th Vir- 
ginia regiment Sept. 14, 1778, and served as aide 
to General William Woodford, 1778-79, taking 
part in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown 
and Monmouth. He was promoted captain-lieu- 
tenant, July 2, 1779; captain, Aug. 16, 1779, and 
in December, 1779, accompanied General William 
Woodford to Charleston, S.C., where he took 
part in the defence of that city, and on its fall 
surrendered as a prisoner of war, May 12, 1780. 
He was exchanged and transferred to the 2d 
Virginia regiment Feb. 12, 1781, where he served 
until the end of the war. He was married to 
Rebecca Farrer of Amelia county ; removed to 
Augusta county, Va., in 1788, and settled on a 
farm which he called ‘‘ Soldier’s Retreat.” He 
was a brigadier-general in the Virginia militia 
during the war of 1812. He was justice of the 
peace for half a century, and served as high 
sheriff for two terms. He died in Augusta 
county, Va., Feb. 13, 1843. 

PORTIER, Michael, R.C. bishop, was born in 
Montbrison, France, Sept. 7, 1795. He was pre- 
paring for the priesthood in the Seminary of 
Lyons, when he was induced by Bishop Dubourg 
to come to the United States, and he landed at 
Annapolis, Md., Sept. 4, 1817. He finished his 
studies in St. Mary’s seminary, Baltimore, Md., 
and was ordained priest in St. Louis’s cathedral 
by Bishop Dubourg in June, 1818. He established 
a school on the Lancasterian system ; was made 
vicar-general of the diocese, and on the division 
of the diocese in 1825, vicar-apostolic of Alabama, 
Florida and Arkansas, being consecrated bishop 
of ‘* Olena,” 7.p.7., in St. Louis’s cathedral, Nov. 
5, 1826, by Bishop Rosati. One church in Pensa- 
cola and one in St. Augustine constituted his 
entire equipment ; and three priests, his only 
assistants, were soon after taken from him, his 
poverty even depriving him of suitable vest- 
ments. He made his visitations to Pensacola, 
Tallahassee and St. Augustine on horseback, and 
through preaching and instruction, both in Eng- 
lish and Spanish, built up the neglected parishes 
and induced Bishop England to give him a priest 
for the people in East Florida. He also visited 
Europe, where he obtained money, priests and 
students for service among his people. He was 


given the administration of the see of Mobile, 


Ala., ‘created May 15, 1829, during his absence in 
Europe ; organized parishes; built five churches 
in different cities, and in 1880 founded Spring 


[315] 


POSEY 


Hill College and Theological Seminary in Mobile. 
He introduced the Nuns of the Visitation in 1832, 
built for them a convent and academy at Sum- 
merville, Ala., in 1833, and the cathedral of the 
Immaculate Conception, 1835-50. He welcomed 
members of the Society of Jesus; founded an 
asylum for those made orphans by the epidemics 
of yellow fever, and introduced a colony of Sisters 
of Charity to care for them. He also introduced 
the Brothers of Christian Instruction ; established 
labor and parish schools, and a girls’ school at 
St. Augustine, Fla. He visited Europe a second 
time in 1849, and after his return was prominent 
in the deliberations of the councils of his church, 
being for sometime previous to his death senior 
bishop of the American hierarchy. He died at the 
Providence Infirmary, Mobile, Ala., May 14, 1859. 

POSEY, Thomas, senator and soldier, was 
born in Fairfax county, Va., July 9, 1750. He 
removed to the western frontier of Virginia in 
1769 ; served in Lord Dunmore’s Shawnee expedi- 
tion in 1774, as quartermaster of General Andrew 
Lewis’s division, and fought in the battle at Point 
Pleasant, Oct. 10, 1774. 
member of the committee of correspondence of 
Virginia in 1775; and raised and commanded a 
company which became a part of the 7th Vir- 
ginia regiment, March 20, 1776. He fought at 
Gwynn’s island, July 8, 1776; joined Washing- 
ton’s army at Middlebrook, N.J., in 1777, where 
his company was transferred to Morgan's rifle- 
men, and took part in the engagement at Piscat- 
away, N.J. He was sent to re-inforce General 
Gates in northern New York and fought at 
Bemis’s Heights, Sept. 19, and Stillwater, Oct. 
7, 1777. He was promoted major April 30, 1778 ; 
commanded the 2d Virginia regiment at Mon- 
mouth, June 28, 1778; was transferred to the 7th 
Virginia regiment, Sept. 14, and in October, 
1778, led an expedition against the Indians after 
the massacre of Wyoming, July 5, 1778. He 
joined Washington’s army at Middlebrook, N.J., 
in the spring of 1779, and commanded the 11th 
Virginia infantry, and shortly afterward a batta- 
lion of Colonel Febiger’s regiment. In the assault 
on Stony, Point, July 15, 1779, he received the 
arms of the British officers, General Wayne being 
severely wounded. He was sent south to rein- 
force General Greene, who had succeeded General 
Gates, and was present at the surrender of Corn- 
wallis at Yorktown, Oct. 19, 1781. He was pro- 
moted lieutenant-colonel Sept. 11, 1782; organized 
a new regiment, which he commanded in Georgia 
under General Wayne until the evacuation of 
Savannah by the British, July 11, 1782, and was 
retired March 10, 1783. He was married first 
in 1778, to Martha, daughter of Gen. Sampson 
Matthews of Augusta county, Va.; and secondly, 
Jan 22, 1784, to Mary, daughter of John and Lucy 


He was appointed a . 


POST 


(Thornton) Alexander, and widow of Maj. George 
Thornton. He served in the army as brigadier- 
general from Feb. 14, 1793, to Feb. 28, 1794, and 
commanded a brigade under General Wayne in 
the Northwest. He removed to Kentucky in 1794; 
was state senator for several years and speaker 
of the senate, 1805-06. In 1809, when war was 
threatened, he was commissioned major-general 
and organized the Kentucky volunteers, and after 
the danger from war had ended, removed to 
Attakapas, La. In 1812 he raised and com- 
manded a volunteer company. When Louisiana. 
was admitted as a state, John Noel Destrehan 
and A. B. Magruder were elected U.S. senators, 
but Destrehan resigned before taking his seat, 
and General Posey was appointed to the vacancy, 
serving from Dec. 7, 1812, to Feb. 5, 1818, when 
James Brown was elected to complete the term. 
He was governor of Indiana Territory, 1813-16 ; 
the defeated candidate for governor of the new 
state in 1816. and U.S. Indian agent at Shawnee- 
town, Ill., 1816-18, where he died March 19, 1818. 

POST, Alfred Charles, surgeon, was born in 
New York city, Jan. 18, 1806; son of Joel and 
Elizabeth (Browne) Post ; grandson of Jotham 
and Winifred (Wright) Post, and a descendant 
of Richard Post, who emigrated from Holland to 
Massachusetts with a party of Pilgrims, and 
settled on Long Island, about 1640, where he 
founded the town of Southampton, and became 
a New York merchant. Alfred Charles Post was 
graduated at Columbia, A.B., 1822 ; studied med- 
icine under his uncle Dr. Wright Post (q.v.), and 
was graduated at the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, New York city, in 1827. He continued 
his medical studies in the schools and hospitals of 
Paris, Berlin and Edinburgh, 1827-29, and in the 
latter year settled in practice in New York city, 
giving most of his attention to surgery. He was 
married, in 1882, to Harriet, daughter of Cyre- 
nius Beers of New York. He wasa demonstrator 
of anatomy at the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, 1831-85 ; surgeon of the New York hospi- 
tal, 1836-86 ; professor of opthalmic anatomy and 
surgery and of the principles and practice of 
surgery, in Castleton Medical college, Vermont, 


1842-44 ; was influential in the establishment of — 


the medical department of the University of the 
City of New York, in 1851; professor of surgery 
there, 1851-75, and emeritus professor, 1875-86. 


He was consulting surgeon of the Women’s, ~ 


St. Luke’s and the Presbyterian hospitals ; vice- 
president of the New York Academy of Medicine, 
1861-66, and president, 1867-68. He was presi- 
dent of the Pathological society : the New York 
Medical Missionary association ; a director of the 
Union Theological seminary, 1856-86; and a 
member of the Gynecological Society of Boston, 
and of the county and state medical societies of 


[316] 


wre ye te 














~~ 


POST 














































w York. He performed many difficult and 
ssful operations, several of them for the 
time in the United States, and was the in- 
x of various surgical instruments of great 
. He received the degree LL.D. from the 
versity of the City of New York in 1872. He 
1e author of : Strabismus, with an Appendix 
Stammering (1840), and of reports of opera- 
ns. He died in New York city, Feb. 7, 1886. 

POST, Charles Cyrel, author, was born in 
: ee aAWwassee, pee bea ee 16, ees ; son My Sect 


8 ubmit Post, and a Peoidant of ia peabis, one 
of three sons of Stephen Post, who came from 
England and settled in Saybrook, Conn, He was 
a student at Hiram and Oberlin colleges, leaving 
to study law, and was admitted to the bar in 
8 874, but instead of practising, engaged in jour- 
jalism in Indianapolis, Ind. He was secretary 
he state grange of Indiana, and prominent in 
e politics. He was married first, in 1878, to 
inte; daughter of the Rev. J. K. Speer of North 
rolina, and secondly, in 1884, to Helen, daugh- 
ter of Caleb and Elizabeth Wilmans, of Fair- 
field, Ili., and founder of the school of men- 
science. He was publisher of the Chicago 
, 1883-85; removed in 1885 to Douglas- 
le, Ga., where he became a leading member of 
Peoples’ party, founding and editing the 
organ of that party in Atlanta, and was chair- 
n of the Georgia delegation to the Peoples’ 
ional convention at Omaha, July 2, 1892. In 
> he removed to Sea Breeze, Fla., and in 1899 
nded in Florida the School of Scientific, Philoso- 
ic and Psychic Research, to which he donated 
perty estimated to be worth $200,000. His 
ned works include: Driven from Sea to Sea 
3); From Wabash to the Rio Grande (1885); 
gressman Swanson (1888); Metaphysical Es- 
s (1896); Men and Gods (1898), and contribu- 
to periodicals. 

ST, George Edward, clergyman, and scien- 
vas born in New York city, Dec. 17, 1838 ; 
of Dr. Alfred Charles (q.v.) and arrice 
s) Post; and grandson of Cyrenius Beers. 


f the City of New York, M.D., 1860, and 
m Union Theological seminary, in 1861. He 
ained to the Presbyterian ministry, June 
, and was chaplain in the U.S. army, 1861- 
was married at Georgetown, D.C., Sept. 
, to Sarah, daughter of Robert and Fran- 
avis) Read. He was sent by the American 
of Foreign Missions to Tripoli, Syria, 1863 ; 
| professor of surgery at the Syrian Protes- 
college, Beirut, from 1868, and surgeon to 


POST 


the Johanniter hospital, Beirut, from 1871. He 
devoted much attention to botany and ornithol- 
ogy, and was madea member or féllow of nu- 
merous foreign and American scientific societies. 
He was decorated with the Order of Othmaniyeh, 
by the Sultan of Turkey, with the Order of the 
Red Eagle, and that of the Ducal House of Saxony, 
Germany. His published works include: Flora 
of Syria, Palestine and Egypt (1880); Text-Book 
of Botany (1870); Text-Book of Mammalia (1871); 
Butler’s Physiology (1872); Teat-Book of Birds 
(1875); Text-Book of Surgery (1873); Teat-Book of 
Materia Medica (1875); Concordance to the Bible 
(1878); Dictionary of the Bible (1899), all in 
Arabic, and the Flora of Syria, Palestine and 
Siani, in English (1896), besides contributions to 
religious publications. 

POST, Louis Freeland, journalist, was born 
in Vienna, N.J., Nov. 15, 1849; son of Eugene 
Jerome and Elizabeth (Freeland) Post; grand- 
son of David and Sarah (Vliet) Freeland and of 
Dr. Lewis and Theodosia (Steele) Post; and a 
descendant of Stephen Post who was born in 
England, immigrated to Cambridge, Mass., in 
1634, removed to Hartford, Conn., in 1636, and in 
1648 to Saybrook, Conn., where he died Aug. 
16, 1659. Louis F. Post attended the public 
schools first in Vienna and Danville, N.J., and 
afterward in New York city ; learned the printer’s 
trade at Hackettstown, N.J.; studied law in New 
York city, and was admitted to the New York 
bar in 1870. He was in South Carolina, 1871-72, 
as stenographic and law clerk of David T. Cor- 
bin, U.S. attorney and state senator, and reported 
the Kuklux trials there with Benn Pitman. He 
practised law in New York city after March, 
1872: was assistant U.S. attorney for the south- 
ern district of New York, 1874-75, under George 
Bliss, and was on the staff of the New York daily 
Truth, 1879-82. In 1881 he became a convert to 
Henry George's single tax theories ; in 1882 was 
a candidate for representative in congress on the 
Labor and the Greenback tickets; in 1888 was 
Greenback candidate for attorney-general of New 
York, and again practised law, 1883-90. He 
edited the daily Leader, the campaign sheet of 
the Henry George mayoralty campaign, in 1886, 
and was the George candidate for district at- 
torney of New York county in 1887. He was a 
contributor to The Standard, edited by Henry 
George, 1886-91 ; its editor, 1891-92, and associate 
editor and editor of the Cleveland Recorder, 
1896-97. In 1898 he removed to Chicago, ill, 
and founded The Public, a political and economic 
review, the general policy of which is directed 
by the principles of radical democracy and the 
single tax theory of public revenues and land 
tenure. He became somewhat widely known as 
a public lecturer on economic subjects. He was 


[317] 


POST 


twice married, first, July 6, 1871, to Anna, 
daughter of George W. and Nancy A. Johnson 
of Hackettstown ; she died Nov. 14, 1891, leav- 
ing one child, Charles J. Post, artist, of New 
York; and secondly, at Orange, N.J., Dec. 2, 
1893, to Alice, daughter of Thomas and Kath- 
erine (Worcester) Thacher of New York city. 
He isthe author of : an explanation, with dia- 
grams, of The Single Tax (1894-99), and a history 
of The George-Hewitt Mayoralty Campaign of 
1886 (1887). 

POST, Philip Sidney, representative, was born 
in Florida, Orange county, N.Y., March 19, 1838 ; 
son of Gen. Peter Schuyler and Mary D. (Coe) 
Post; grandson of Col. Garret and Martinche 
(Bertolf) Post, and of John D. Coe. He was 
graduated at Union college in 1855, and was 
admitted to the Illinois bar in 1856. He first 
practised in Galesburg, and in 1857 in Wyandotte, 
Kan., where he also published and edited the 
Argus. On the outbreak of the civil war he was 
made 2d lieutenant in the 59th Illinois volun- 
teers; was promoted adjutant, July 21, 1861; 
major, Jan. 1, 1862; colonel, March 19, 1862, and 
was wounded at Pea Ridge, Ark., March 7, 1862. 
He subsequently commanded the ist brigade, 1st 
division, 20th corps, the Army of the Cumber- 
land, participating in the battle of Stone’s 
River, and in the capture of Leetown; was 
transferred to the 2d brigade, 3d division, 4th 
army corps, commanding the division at Love- 
joy’s Station, Ga., and was seriously wounded in 
the hip at Nashville, Dec. 16, 1864, being brevet- 
ted brigadier-general of volunteers on the same 
day for gallant services. He commanded the 
western district of Texas, with headquarters at 
San Antonio, 1865-66. He was married, May 24, 
1866, to Cornelia Almira, daughter of William 
Townsend Post. He was at Vienna, 1866-74, as 
U.S. consul, and as U.S. consul-general, 1874-79. 
He was a member-at-large of the Illinois Repub- 
lican state central committee, 1882-86, and a 
representative from the tenth Illinois district 
in the 50th, 51st, 52d and 53d congresses, 1887-95. 
He died in Washington, D.C., Jan. 6, 1895. 

POST, Wright, was born at North Hempstead, 
N.Y., Feb. 19, 1766; son of Jotham and Winifred 
(Wright) Post and a descendant of Richard Post. 
He was privately educated; studied medicine 
under Dr. Richard Bailey (q.v.)., and in London 
under Dr, John Sheldon ; began practice in New 
York city in 1786, and in 1787 lectured on anatomy 
in the New York hospital. He was married in 
1790, to a daughter of Dr. Bailey; was associat- 
ed with the latter in practice ; and was appointed 
professor of surgery in the medical department 
of Columbia college in 1792. Under the auspices 
of the college he continued his medical studies 
abroad, made an exceptionally valuable collec- 


[318] 










































POTTER 


tion of anatomical specimens, and on his return 
in 1793 became professor of anatomy. In 1813, 
when the medical department of Columbia was 
merged in the College of Physicians and Surgeons 
as the Medical School of New York, he became 
professor of anatomy and physiology, serving 
until 1826, when he also resigned the presidency 
of the college, to which he had been appointed 
in 1821. He received the honorary degree of 
M.D. from the University of the State of New 
York in 1814; visited Europe a third time in 1815, 
and was a trustee of Columbia college, 1816-28. 
He was surgeon or consulting surgeon to the 
New York hospital for many years, a member of 
the Literary and Philosophical society, and an 
officer in the New York County Medical society. 
He performed many remarkably successful sur- 
gical operations, and contributed to periodicals. 
He died at Throg’s Neck, N.Y., June 14, 1828. 
POTTER, Alonzo, third bishop of Pennsylvania 
and 48th in succession in the American episcopate, 
was bornin Beekman, Duchess county, N.Y., July — 
6, 1800; son of Joseph Potter, a member of the 
state assembly soon after the Revolution, and 
of Quaker descent. 
He attended the 
Po’keepsie academy, 
was graduated from 
Union, Schenectady, 
ING YVie eS LSimwersma, 
tutor there, 1819-22, 
and professor of math- 
ematics and natural 
philosophy, 1822-26. 
He studied theology 


under the Rey. Dr. 
Samuel H. Turner, 
and was. ordained 


deacon, May 1, 1822, 
and priest, Sept. 16, 
1824. He was rector 
of St. Paul’s church, Boston, Mass., 1826-31; 
professor of rhetoric and natural philosophy at 
Union college, 1831-45: vice-president of the 
college, 1838-45; honorary vice-president, 1841- 
65, and a trustee, 1847-68. He declined the pro-- 
fessorship of ecclesiastical history in the General 
Theological seminary, New York city, in 1835, and 
was chosen bishop of the diocese of Pennsylvania, 
May 23,1845. He was consecrated, Sept. 23, 1845, 
in Christ church, Philadelphia, by Bishops Phil- 
ander Chase, Brownell, and Hopkins, assisted 
by Bishops Doane, McCoskry, Whittingham, Al- 
fred Lee and Freeman. During his episcopate, 
the Episcopal hospital was founded, and endow- 
ed with nearly half a million dollars; the Epis- 
copal academy was re-established ; the Philadel- 
phia Divinity school was founded; thirty-five 
new churches were built in the city of Philadel- 


POTTER 






























> 
nia, and the diocese increased to such an extent 
‘~ xt it was found advisable to divide it in 1865. 
e was married in 1824, to Maria, daughter of 
ssident Eliphalet Nott, of Union college. His 
six ions: Clarkson Nott (q.v.), Howard, Robert 
Brown (q.v.), Edward Tucker- 
man, Henry Codman (q.v.), and 
2 Eliphalet Nott (q.v.), filled im- 
Or portant stations in life, and 
his only daughter was mar- 
ried to Launt Thompson, the 
‘sculptor. In 1846 Bishop Potter 
received the degree of D.D. from 
: larvard, and that of LL.D. from Union. He 
elivered lectures on the natural theology and 
Christian evidences, before the Lowell Institute, 
Boston, 1845-49 ; edited several important works, 
and is the author of: Political Economy, its 
Objects, Uses, and Principles (1840); The Prin- 
ciples of Science, applied to the Domestic and 
Mechanie Arts (1841); The School and School- 
master (1842); Hand-book for Readers and Stu- 
den s (1843); Discourses, Charges, Addresses, 
Pastoral Letters, etc. (1858), and Religious Philoso- 
phy. He made a voyage around Cape Horn for 
his health, in 1865, and died in the harbor of San 
Fre ancisco on the day of his arrival, July 4, 1865. 
_ POTTER, Charles Nelson, jurist, was born in 
Cooperstown, N.Y., Oct. 31, 1852; son of George 
aden and Mary Jane (Marcellus) Potter, 
and grandson of Royal and Chloe (Priest) Potter, 
and of John and Elizabeth (Johnson) Marcellus. 
He attended the public schools of Grand Rapids, 
Mich., and was graduated from the law depart- 
ment of the University of Michigan in 1873. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1873; removed to 
eyenne, Wyoming, in 1876, and was married 
22, 1877, to Bessie, daughter of Joseph and 
zabeth (Slater) Ireland of Muskegon, Mich. 
) was city attorney, 1878-81 and 1888-91; pro- 
ing attorney of the county, 1881-83; a 
ber of the state constitutional convention 
[889 ; attorney-general of Wyoming, 1891-95 ; 
: ember of the board of education of Cheyenne, 
97 and asscciate justice of the supreme 
: of Wyoming, 1895-97, and on Dec. 8, 1897, 
beca ame chief justice. 
P POTTER, Clarkson Nott, representative, was 
n in Schenectady, N.Y., April 25, 1825; son 
of the Rev. Alonzo and hese (Nott) Potter. 
ere graduated from Union college in 1842; 
Btu civil engineering at the Rensselaer Poly- 
fechnic institute; was a tutor at Union college, 
845-47; and obtained employment as a civil 
engineer in Milwaukee, Wis. He was admitted 
e bar and established himself in practice in 
York city in 1848. He was married in Oc- 
ber, 1853, to Virginia, daughter of Matthew, and 
ouisa Ann (Mitchell) Pope. He was a Democratic 


POTTER 


representative from New York in the 41st, 42d and 
43rd congresses, 1869-75, declining nomination 
to the 44th congress ; was president of the Demo- 
cratic state conventions of 1875 and 1877; anda 
delegate to the Democratic naticnal conventions 
of 1872 and 1876. He was a representative in 
the 45th and 46th congresses, 1877-81, in the 45th 
congress, securing the passage in the house of a 
bill establishing the U.S. court of claims. He 
was the unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant 
governor of New York in 1879. 
degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by 
Columbia in 1874. He was a trustee of Union 
college, 1863-82, and president of the American 
Bar association at the time of his death, which 
occurred in New York city, Jan. 23, 1882. 

POTTER, Edward Eells, naval ofticer, 
born in Medina, N.Y., May 9, 1833. His parents 
removed to Rockford, Ill., from where he was 
appointed midshipman U.S.N., Feb. 5, 1850. He 
was promoted passed midshipman, June 20, 1856, 
and lieutenant July 9, 1858, serving on the S¢. 
Lawrence on the coast of Brazil, 1857-59. He 
was assigned to the Western Gulf squadron, May 
9, 1860 ; serving as executive officer on the Wis- 
sahickon during the bombardment and passage 
of Forts Jackson and St. Philip and the capture 
of New Orleans. He also passed the Vicksburg 
batteries twice ; participated in the engagement 
with the ram Arkansas, and was promoted 
lieutenant-commander, July 16, 1862. He was 
attached to the De Soto of the Eastern Gulf 
squadron, then to the Wabash of the North 
Atlantic squadron, and commanded the ironclad 
Mahopac, 1864. He commanded the Chippewa 
of the North Atlantic squadron in 1865; partici- 
pated in the second engagement at Fort Fisher 
and the bombardment of Fort Anderson, and 
was executive officer of the Rhode Island, 1865- 
67, and of the Franklin, Admiral Farragut’s flag- 
ship, 1867-68. He was promoted commander, 
June 3, 1869; commanded the Shawmut of the 
North Atlantic squadron, 1871-72, and with her 
ascended the Orinoco river to Angostura, Vene- 
zuela, recovering from the revoiutionists two 
steamers belonging to an American company. 
He commanded the Constellation, carrying sup- 
plies to the sufferers in Ireland in 1880, and was 
promoted captain, July 11, 1880. He was at the 
Brooklyn navy yard, 1881-83; commanded the 
Laneaster from December, 1885, to September, 
1886; the League Island navy yard, 3856; was 
governor of the U.S. Naval Home in Philadel- 
phia, 1891, and 1893-95 ; commanded the receiv- 
ing-ship Minnesota, 1891-93, and the Norfolk 
navy yard in 1893; was promoted to the rank 
of commodore, June 27, 1893, and was retired 
through age limit, May 9, 1895. He died at his 
home at Belvidere, LIll., Jan. 8, 1902. 


The honorary 


was 


[319] 


POTTER 


POTTER, Edward Elmer, soldier, was born in 
New York city, June 21, 1828; son of Ellis and 
Elizabeth (Elmer) Potter; grandson of Ellis and 
Agnes (Crowell) Potter and of Dr. Philemon 
Elmer, and a descendant of Marmaduke Potter, 
who immigrated to America from Stony Strat- 
ford, England, settled in Woodbridge, N.J., in 
the latter part of the 17th century, and from 
Edward Elmer, who emigrated from England 
long before the American Revolution. Edward 
Elmer Potter was graduated from Columbia col- 
lege in 1842; and after studying law, he went to 
California, making his home in New Jersey after 
his return. He was appointed captain and com- 
missary of subsistence in the Federal army in 
February, 1862, served in North Carolina, and in 
October, 1862, recruited and was commissioned 
colonel of a regiment of North Carolina volun- 
teers. He took part in the operations in North 
and South Carolina and Hast Tennessee ; was pro- 
moted brigadier-general of volunteers Nov. 29, 
1862, and was brevetted major-general of volun- 
teers March 138, 1865, for distinguished services 
and bravery. He resigned July 24, 1865, and 
resided in Madison, N.J. He never married. He 
died in New York city, June 1, 1889. 

POTTER, Eliphalet Nott, educator, was born 
in Schenectady, N.Y., Sept. 20, 1836; son of the 
Rev. Alonzo and Maria (Nott) Potter. He was 
educated at the Protestant Episcopal academy 
of Philadelphia, Pa., and St. James’s college, 
Md., and graduated from Union college in 1861. 
He attended the Berkeley divinity school, Mid- 
dletown, Conn.; was admitted to the diaconate, 
June 22, 1862, at Troy, N.Y., appointed to mis- 
sionary duty in the Lehigh valley, Pa., and in 
charge of the Church of the Nativity, South 
Bethlehem, Pa., 1862-69. He served during the 
civil war as chaplain under his brother, General 
Robert B. Potter (q.v.) ; was ordained priest in 
the Church of the Holy Communion, New York 
city, March 19, 1865; and was secretary of the 
board of trustees and professor of ethics at Le- 
high university, 1866-71, serving also as asso- 
ciate rector of St. Paul’s church, Troy, N.Y., 1869- 
71. He married, April 28, 1870, Helen, daughter 
weet of Joseph Wiltsie and Mary 

) (Wolf) Fuller, of Troy. He 
4s%g) Succeeded Charles A. Aiken 
ay as president of Union college 
in 1871, being inaugurated 
June 26, 1872, and under his 
i presidency the college as- 
umed organic relations with 
the Albany Law school, the 
| Dudley observatory, and the 

Albany medical college, be- 
coming Union university in 1873. He resigned 
the presidency of the university in 1884, being 














POTTER 


made its chancellor, and on June 25, 1884, was 
elected bishop of Nebraska, which office he 
declined, accepting a pending election as pres- 
ident of Hobart college, which position he filled, 
1884-97, 
politan university (a correspondence univer- 
sity), 1892-1901. The honorary degree of D.D. 
was conferred on him by Union college in 1869, 
and by Columbia in 1871; LL.D. by Williams 
college in 1880; D.C.L. by Trinity college, Toronto, 
and by the University of the South in 1889, and 
L.H.D. by St. Stephen’s college, Annandale, N.Y., 
in 1895, having been a trustee of the latter college, 
1872-86. He is the author of: Three Witnesses to 
the Truth of Religion ; memoirs of Dr. Tayler 
Lewis and Dr. Isaac Jackson; and Washington, 
a Model in his Library and Life. He died in the 
city of Mexico, Feb. 6, 1901. 
POTTER, Elisha Reynolds, representative, 
was born at Little Rest (South Kingston), R.L, 
Nov. 5, 1764; son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Rey- 
nolds) Potter ; grandson of Ichabod and Margaret 
(Potter) Potter, and of Elisha and Susanna (Pot- 
ter) Reynolds, and a descendant of Nathaniel 
Potter, who settled in Portsmouth, R.I., where he 
died in 1644. Elisha Reynolds Potter learned the 
blacksmith’s trade, and enlisted as a private in 
the Revolutionary army. He was educated in 
Plainfield academy, was admitted to the bar in 
1789 and practised in South Kingston, R.I. He 
was a representative in the Rhode Island legisla- 
ture, 1793-96, 1798-1808, and 1816-35, and speaker 
of the house five terms. He was a Federalist 
representative from Rhode Island in the 4th con- 
gress, completing the term of Benjamin Bourn, 
resigned, and in the 5th, 11th, 12th and 138th con- 
gresses, serving 1796-99 and 1809-15. He was 
defeated for governor of Rhode Island in 1818 
by Nehemiah R. Knight, by 616 votes. He was 
married first to Mrs. Mary Perkins, widow of 
Joseph Perkins, and secondly, to Mary, daughter 
of Pardon Mawney of East Greenwich, R.I. He 
died at South Kingston, R.I., Sept. 26, 1835. 
POTTER, Elisha Reynolds, jurist, was born 


in South Kingston, R.I., June 20, 1811; son of 


Elisha Reynolds (q.v.) and Mary (Mawney) 


Potter, and grandson of Pardon Mawney. He ~ 


was graduated ac Harvard in 1830; was admitted 
to the bar in 1882, and practised in South King- 
ston. He was a representative and state senator 


in the Rhode Island legislature for several — 


years; was adjutant-general of the state, 1835- 
37, and was a member of the state constitutional 
convention of 1841-49 Hewas a Law and Order 
representative from the western district of 
Rhode Island in the 28th congress, 1843-45, and 
was defeated for re-election in 1844; was state 
commissioner of public schools, 1849-54, and 
was associate justice of the supreme court, 1868- 


[320] 


He was also president of the Cosmo-. 

















POTTER 


82. He was a member of the Rhode Island His- 


- torical society, and contributed to its Collections, 


A Brief Account of the Emissions of Paper Money 
made by the Colony of Rhode Island (1887), to- 
gether with several addresses. He is also the 
author of : Report on the Condition and Improve- 
ment of the Public Scltools of Rhode Island (1852); 
The Bible and Prayer in Public Schools (1854), 
and Eurly History of Narragansett (1835). He 
died in South Kingston, R.I., April 10, 1882. 
POTTER, Henry, jurist,was born in Granville 
county, N.C., in 1765. He was educated for the 
law, and settled in Fayetteville, N.C., from which 
place he was appointed in 1801, by President 
Jefferson, judge of the U.S. circuit court for the 
5th circuit, and in 1802, judge of the U.S. district 
court of North Carolina, succeeding John Sit- 
greaves, deceased, which office he held until his 
death. He charged the jury in the case of Lord 
Granville’s heirs versus the governor of North 
Carolina in 1806, Chief Justice Marshall from per- 
sonal considerations refusing to sit upon the 
trial. He was a commissioner to erect a gov- 
ernor’s ‘‘ palace ” at Raleigh in 1813, and to sell 
lots belonging to the state for the purpose of en- 
larging the state house in 1819. He was a trus- 
tee of the University of North Carolina, 1799- 
1856 ; compiled, with John Louis Taylor of Cra- 
ven county, and Bartlett Yancey of Caswell 
county, a revision of the ‘‘ Law of the State of 
North Carolina” (2 vols., 1821), and is the author 
of: Duties of a Justice of the Peace (1816). He 
died in Fayetteville, N.C., Dec. 20, 1857. 
POTTER, Henry Codman, sixth bishop of New 
York and 131ist in succession in the American 
episcopate, was born in Schenectady, N.Y., May 
25, 1834; fifth son of the Rev. Alonzo and Maria 
(Nott) Potter. He 
attended the Episco- 
pal academy at Phila- 
delphia, Pa., and was 
graduated from the 
Theological Semi- 
nary of Virginia in 
1857. He was ordered 
deacon in 1857, and 
ordained priest in 
1858. ile was twice 
married : first, Oct. 8, 
1857, to Eliza Rogers, 
daughter of Samuel 
O. and Clara (Boyd) 
Jacobs of Spring 
, Grove, Pa., who died 
June 29, 1901; and secondly, Oct. 4, 1902, to 
Mrs. Alfred Corning Clark of Cooperstown, 
N.Y. In November, 1902, Mrs. Potter an- 
nounced her gift of the East Side Community 
House, a philanthropic institution similar to 





POTTER 


Hull House, Chicago, for the city of New 
York, to cost about half a million dollars. Mr, 
Potter was rector of Christ Church, Greens- 
burg, Pa., 1857-58; of St. John’s, Troy; N.Y. 
1859-66 ; assistant, on the Greene Foundation, at 
Trinity church, Boston, Mass., 1866-68, and 
rector of Grace church, New York city, 1868-84. 
He refused the presidency of Kenyon college, 
Ohio, in 1863, and the office of bishop of Iowa in 
1875. He was elected assistant bishop of New 
York in 1883, and was consecrated, Oct. 20, 1883, 
by Bishops Smith, Williams and Clark, assisted 
by Bishops Whipple, Stevens, Littlejohn, Doane, 
Huntington and McLaren. On the death of his 
uncle, Bishop Horatio Potter, Jan. 2, 1887, he suc- 
ceeded to the bishopric. He became prominent 
in public reforms; was a friend of the laboring 
classes, and his services as an arbitrator to adjust 
differences. between employer and employed were 
frequently sought. He was secretary of the 
house of bishops, 1866-83. Union college con- 
ferred on him the honorary degree of A.M. in 
1863 ; D.D. in 1865, and LL.D. in 1877; the degree 
of D.D. was also given him by Trinity in 1884, 
by Harvard in 1890 and by Oxford; England, in 
1892 ; that of D.C.L. by Bishop’s university in 
1894, and that of LL.D. by Cambridge, England, 
in 1888, and by the University of Pennsylvania 
and Yalein 1901. His published writings include : 
Sisterhood and Deaconesses (1871); The Gates of 
the Hast (1873); Waymarks (1892); The Scholar 
and the State (1897); The East of To-day and To- 
morrow (1902); The Citizen in His Relation to 
the Industrial Situation (1902), and numerous 
sermons and addresses. 

POTTER, Horatio, fifth bishop of New York 
and 62d in succession in the American episco- 
pate, was born in Beekman, Duchess county, 
N.Y., Feb. 9, 1802; son of Joseph and Ann 
(Knight) Potter. He attended the academy at 
Poughkeepsie, N.Y. ; was graduated from Union 
college in 1826; and ordained deacon, July 15, 
1827, and priest, Dec. 14, 1828. He was professor 
of mathematics and natural philosophy at Wash- 
ington (Trinity) college, Hartford, Conn., 1826- 
33, and declined the presidency of the college. 
He was rector of St. Peter’s, Albany, N.Y., 1833- 
54, and upon the death of the Rt. Rev. Jonathan 
Wainwright, provisional bishop of New York, 
Sept. 21, 1854, Dr. Potter was chosen his succes- 
sor, and consecrated in Trinity church, New York 
city, Nov. 22, 1854, by Bishops Brownell, Hopkins 
and Doane, assisted by Bishops McCoskry, Whit- 
tingham, Eastburn, Alonzo Potter, Williams, 
Whitehouse, Lee and Fulford (Montreal). The 
canon for the election of a provisional bishop was 
passed in 1850, as Bishop B. T. Onderdonk had been 
suspended in 1844, thus leaving the diocese without 
a bishop... Upon the death of Bishop Onderdonk 


[321] 


POTTER 


in 1861, Dr. Potter was chosen fifth bishop of New 
York, the dioceses of Long Island and Albany 
being set apart during his episcopate. He was a 
member of the Lambeth conferences in England 
in 1867 and 1877, and of the general convention 
held at Philadelphia in 1865. On the celebration 
of the twenty-fifth anniversity of his consecra- 
tion, Nov. 29, 1879, at the Academy of Music, 
New York city, a testimonial was presented him, 
in the form of a casket of gold, silver and steel, 
modeled after the ancient Ark of the Covenant. 
In 1883 his health broke down, and his nephew, 
the Rev. Henry Codman Potter, was elected as- 
sistant bishop of New York. The honorary de- 
gree of D.D. was conferred on him by Trinity in 
1838, that of LL.D. by Hobart in 1856, and D.C.L. 
by Oxford, England, in 1860. He died in New 
York city, Jan 2, 1887, and his remains were in- 
terred in the cemetery at Poughkeepsie. 
POTTER, James, soldier, was born in Tyrone, 
Treland. in 1729; son of John Potter, who immi- 
grated to America with his wife and children in 
the ship Dunnegall, landing at New Castle, Del., 
in 1741, and settled in 1746 in what became 
Cumberland county, Pa., in 1750, and was high 
sheriff of the county in 1750, 1754 and 1755. 
James Potter was commissioned ensign in Lieut.- 
Col. John Armstrong’s battalion, Feb. 17, 1756, 
and was wounded in the expedition against Kit- 
tanning, Sept. 7, 1756. He was promoted leu- 
tenant, 2d battalion, Oct. 23, 1757; captain, Feb. 
17, 1759, and in 1764 commanded three companies 
on the northern frontier. He removed to Sun- 
bury, Pa., in 1769; was appointed a justice of 
Northumberland county in 1772, removed to 
Union county, and settled in Penn’s Valley in 
1774. He was elected colonel of the upper bat- 
talion of Pennsylvania patriot militia, Jan. 24, 
1776, and commanded a battalion in the battles of 
Trenton, Dec. 26, 1766, and Princeton, Jan. 3, 
1777, being wounded at Princeton. He was pro- 
moted brigadier-general of Pennsylvania militia, 
April 5, 1777, and commanded a brigade at 
Brandywine and Germantown. He also served 
on the outposts of Washington’s army at Valley 
Forge ; during the summer of 1778 he assisted in 
repelling Indian invasion in Penn’s Valley, and 
in July, 1779, he removed to Middle Creek, Pa. 
He was a member of the supreme executive 
council in 1780, vice-president of Pennsylvania 
in 1781, and was defeated as president by John 
Dickinson. He was appointed major-general of 
Pennsylvania militia, May 23, 1782, and was a 
member of the council of censors in 1784. He 
was married, first, to Elizabeth Cathcart ; sec- 
ondly, to Mrs. Mary (Patterson) Chambers. He 
died in Franklin county, Pa., in November, 1789. 
POTTER, John Fox, representative, was born 
in Augusta, Maine, May 11,1817; son of John and 


POTTER 


Caroline (Fox) Potter; grandson of the Rev. 
Isaiah and Elizabeth Edwards (Barrett) Potter 
of Lebanon, N.H., and of John Fox of Portland, 
Maine, and a descendant of William Potter, who. 
emigrated from Lincoln, Eng., to New Haven, 
Conn., in 1637. He was educated at Phillips. 
academy, Exeter, N.H., studied law in Augusta, 
was admitted to the bar in 1887, and removed 
to East Tracy, Wis., in 1838. He was married, 
Oct. 15, 1839, to Frances E. Lewis, daughter of 
George and Rebecca (Lewis) Fox of Portland, 
Maine, and secondly, to Sarah Fox. He was. 
judge of Walworth county, Wis., 1842-46; a 
member of the assembly of Wisconsin in 1856, 
and a Republican representative from the first 
district of Wisconsin in the 35th-37th congresses, 
1857-63. In 1860 a debate brought about by a 


speech of Representative Owen Lovejoy, an-. 


nouncing the death of his brother, Elisha P., 
caused Mr. Potter to be challenged by Represen- 
tative Roger A. Pryor of Virginia, and in accept-. 
ing the challenge, he named bowie-knives as the 
weapons; but on the objection of Mr. Pryor’s. 
seconds to the weapons as ‘‘ barbarous,” the 
challenge was withdrawn. He was a delegate to 
the Crittenden peace congress of 1861 ; chairman 
of the investigating committee appointed by the 
sith congress for unearthing treason and dis- 
loyalty in government offices and departments > 
was defeated for election by James 8. Brown in 
1862; commanded a battery in the Wiscoasin. 
volunteer artillery in the civil war, and declined 
the governorship of Dakota Territory, offered 
him by President Lincoln in 1863, but accepted 
the appointment as U.S. consul-general at Mon- 
treal, serving, 1863-66. He was a delegate to the 
Whig national conventions of 1852, 1856, 1860 and 
1864. He died in East Troy, Wis., May 18, 1899. 
POTTER, Joseph Hayden, soldier, was born 
in Concord, N.H., Oct. 12, 1822; son of Thomas 
Drake and Eunice (Marden) Potter; grandson of 
Joseph and Nancy (Drake) Potter, and of John 
Marden of Chichester, N.H., and a descendant of 
Robert Potter, who came from Coventry, Eng- 
land, to Lynn, Mass., in 1630. He was graduated 
at the U.S, Military academy in 1843, served in 
the military occupation of Texas, 1845-46, and 
was promoted 2d lieutenant, 7th infantry, Oct. 
21,1845. He served during the Mexican war, 
being engaged in the defense of Fort Brown, 
and for gallantry at Monterey, where he was. 
severely wounded while storming the enemy’s 
works, he was brevetted ist lieutenant, Sept. 
23,1846. He was promoted Ist lieutenant, Oct. 
30, 1847; captain, Jan. 9, 1856: served on the 
Utah expedition, 1858-60 ; at Fort Webster, New 
Mexico, in 1860; on court-martial duty at Fort 
Bliss, Tex., and on frontier duty, Fort McLane, 
New Mexico, 1860-61. He was captured by 


[322] 


hey 


* 


a 














POTTER 














































‘Texas insurgents at San Augustine Springs, Tex., 
“July 27, 1861, and was not exchanged until Aug. 
. 1862. He was appointed colonel of the 12th 
— Hampshire volunteers, Sept. 27, 1862; was 
en raced i in the Maryland campaign, Army of the 
Potomac, October-November, 1862; in the Rap- 
-pahannock campaign, December, 1862, to May 
1863, commanding a brigade in the Babtlas of 
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, Va. At 
_ Chancellorsville he was severely wounded, cap- 
tured and was held as a prisoner of war from 
‘May to October, 1863. He was promoted major 
and transferred to the 19th infantry, July 4, 1863 ; 
“prevetted colonel, May 3, 1863, for Chancellors- 
ville, and lieutenant-colonel, Dec. 13, for Fred- 
_yicksburg; served on special duty five months, 
1863-64, was assistant provost marshal-general of 
Ohio, 1864, and commanded a brigade in the 18th 
corps, Army of the James, September—December, 
1864, taking part in the attack on Fort Harrison, 
Sept. 29, 1864. He commanded a brigade in the 
24th army corps, Dec. 2, 1864, to Jan. 16, 1865, and 
was chief of staff of the 24th army corps, Jan. 
16, to July 10, 1865, being engaged in the attack 
on Hatcher’s Run, Va., and the pursuit of the 
Confederate army. He was brevetted brigadier- 
general, U.S. army, March 13, 1865; was pro- 
- moted brigadier-general of volunteers, May 1, 
1865, and was mustered out of the volunteer 
_ service, Jan. 15, 1866. He was married in 1865, 
to Alice Kilburn of Columbus, Ohio. He was 
promoted lieutenant-colonel, 30th infantry, July 
28, 1866; commanded a regiment in the depart- 
ment of the Platte in 1867 ; Fort Sedgwick, Colo., 
1867-68, and Fort Sanders, Wy., 1868-69. He 
was transferred to the 4th infantry, March 15, 
1869; promoted colonel and transferred to the 
24th infantry, Dec. 11, 1873; commanded Fort 
Brown, Tex., 1874-76, and the District of the 
Ric Grande, 1875-76. He was governor of ee 
oldier’s Home, Washington, D.C., 1877-81; 
mmand of a regiment at Fort Barely Indian 
Territory, 1881-86, and of the department of 
the Missouri, April to Oct. 12, 1886, when he 
; retired from active es having been 
romoted brigadier-general, U.S.A., April 1, 
1886. He died in Columbus, Ohio, Dea! 1, 1892. 
_ POTTER, Margaret Horton, author, was born 
In Chicago, Ill., May 20, 1881; daughter of Orrin 
Woodard and Ellen Poment Potter ; grand- 
d ppehter of Abel and Cynthia iis deed Potter 
nd of William and Abba (Potter) Owen, and a 
Sa of Martin Potter of Potter Hall, South 
ields (1714), Yorkshire, Eng., and Owen Tudor 
| Wales (1485). She attended a preparatory 
" chool in Chicago, and pursued advanced studies 
u der a private tutor. She was married to John 
ald Black of Chicago, Jan. 1, 1902, but con- 
inued to write under her maiden name. Her 





—- 
pn 
ae 
. 
Al 


POTTER 


published works include: A Social Lion (1899) ; 
Uncanonized (1900); The House of, De Mailly 
(1901). 

POTTER, Orlando Brunson, representative, 
was born at Charlemont, Mass., May 10, 1823; 
son of —— and Sophia (Rice) Potter, and a 
descendant of John Potter, who signed the cove- 
nant of New Haven in 1639. Orlando was a 
student at Williams college, 1841-42; taught 
school in Dennis, Mass.; attended the Harvard 
Law school; was admitted to the bar in Boston in 
1848, and practised in Boston and at South Read- 
ing, Mass. In 1852, upon discovering the value 
of a patent for a sewing machine obtained by 
Mr. Brown, he organized the Grover and Baker 
Sewing Machine company, financed the concern, 
protected the patent in the courts, and as one- 
third owner of the stock acquired a large fortune. 
He withdrew from the company in 1878, and de- 
voted himself to the management of real estate. 
On Aug. 14, 1861, he laid before Secretary Sal- 
mon P. Chase a plan to remedy the unequal and 
changeable values of the currency of the differ- 
ent states, which plan, with the modification of 
issuing United States notes as legal tender, which 
he did not approve, became the basis of the 
banking system of the United States in 1863. He 
was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for 
representative in the 46th congress in 1878 in the 
tenth district; was elected from the eleventh 
congressional district of New York, as Union 
Democratic representative in the 48th congress, 
1883-85 ; declined renomination in 1884, and the 
Democratic candidacy for mayor of New York 
city in 1886. He was a member of the first Rapid 
Transit commission of New York city, a trustee 
of Cornell university, 1891-93, and president of 
the State Agricultural society. He maintained 
on his own farm a home for poor children, its. 
occupants being cared for under his personal 
supervision. He was married first in October, 
1850, to Martha G., daughter of B. B. Wiley of 
South Reading, Mass., and secondly, toa daughter 
of Dr. Jared Linsly of New York. He left an 
estate valued at $7,000,000. He died in New York 
city, Jan. 2, 1894. 

POTTER, Platt, jurist, was born in Galway, 
N.Y., April 6, 1800; son of Restcome and Lucinda 
(Strong) Potter. He was graduated at Schenec- 
tady academy in 1820; studied law under Alonzo 
C. Paige; was admitted to the bar in 1824, and 
practised law in Minorville, N.Y., 1824-83. He was 
a member of the assembly from Montgomery and 
Hamilton counties in 1830, and engaged in prac- 
tice in Schenectady with Alonzo C, Paige in 1834. 
He was married in 1886 to Antoinette, daughter 
of the Rev. Winslow Paige, D.D. He was master 
and examiner in chancery, 1828-47; district 
attorney of Schenectady county, 1839-47, and 


[323] 


POTTER 


justice of the supreme court of New York and 
of the court of appeals, 1857-65. He was re- 
elected in 1865, and in 1870 caused the arrest of 
Henry Ray, a member of the New York assembly, 
for ignoring his court summons, and in conse- 
quence was himself tried for ‘‘ high breach of 
privilege,” but was vindicated on his own argu- 
ment. He was a trustee of Union college, 1865- 
85, receiving the degree of LL.D. from there in 
1867,; was president of the state judicial conven- 
tion in Rochester, N.Y., in 1870, and served as 
president of the Mohawk national bank at 
Schenectady for several years. In 1886 he pre- 
sented the New York Historical society with six 
volumes of the ‘‘ State Trials of England,” pub- 
lished in 1742, and of great value, being origin- 
ally the property of Sir William Johnson, Bart. 
He is the author of: Potter’s Dwarris (1871); 
Equity Jurisprudence, compiled and enlarged 
from the work of John Willard (1875) ; Potter 
on Corporations (1879Y, and several pamphlets. 
He died in Schenectady, N.Y., Aug. 11, 1891. 
POTTER, Robert Brown, soldier. was born 
in Schenectady, N.Y., July 16, 1829; son of 
Alonzo and Maria (Nott) Potter. He entered 
Union college in the class of 1849, but did not 
graduate ; studied law, and practised in New 
York city. He was commissioned lieutenant- 
colonel of the 51st New York volunteer regiment 
in 1861, and was attached to Reno’s brigade, Burn- 
side’s army. He led the assault at Roanoke 
Island, receiving a severe wound at New Berne ; 
_took part in the battles of Cedar Mountain, 
Manassas, Chantilly, Antietam (where he was 
wounded), and Fredericksburg. He was pro- 
moted brigadier-general of volunteers, March 18, 
1863, commanding a division at Vicksburg and 
in the siege of Knoxville, Tenn. ; was brevetted 
major-general of volunteers in August, 1864 ; was 
severely wounded during the final assault on 
Petersburg, April 2, 1865, and on his recovery 
was given command of the Connecticut and 
Rhode Island district of the department of the 
east. He was married, Sept. 20, 1865, to Abby, 
daughter of John Austin Stevens, and on the 
same date’ was commissioned major-general of 
volunteers. He was mustered out of the volun- 
teer service in January, 1866, and was receiver 
of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad, 1866- 
69. He died in Newport, R.I., Feb. 19, 1887. 
POTTER, Samuel John, senator, was born in 
South Kingstown, R.I., about 1751; son. of John 
and Elizabeth (Hazard) Potter ; grandson of John 
and Mercy (Robinson) Potter and of Stephen and 
Mary (Robinson) Hazard, and a descendant of 
Nathaniel Potter of Portsmouth, R.I. He married 
in 1765, Nancy Seager, and had ten children. He 
was deputy governor of Rhode Island from May, 
1790, to February, 1799; lieutenant governor, 


_ son of the Rt. Rev. Horatio Potter. 


* 


POTTER 


February to May, 1799, and again, 1800-03, and 
U.S. senator from Rhode Island from March 4, 
1803, until his death, being succeeded by Benja- 
min Howland (q.v.).. He was a_ presidential 
elector, voting for Washington in 1792, and for 
John Adams in 1796. He died in Washington, 
D.C., Sept. 26, 1804. 

POTTER, William, diplomatist, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 17, 1852 ; son of Thomas 
and Adaline Coleman (Bower) Potter. His great- 
grandfather, Gen. Jacob Bower, was an officer 
in the Continental army, and an original member 
of the Philadelphia Society of the Cincinnati, and 
his great-great-grandfather, Col. Joseph Wood, 
served in the colonial army during the French 
and Indian war. He attended the University of 
Pennsylvania in 1870, and engaged in business 
with his father, becoming vice-president of the 
corporation of Thomas Potter, Sons & Co. He 
was twice married: first, on April 25, 1878, to 
Jane Kennedy Vanuxem of Philadelphia, and 
secondly, May 16, 1899, to Hetty Vanuxem, who 
died, Aug. 12, 1901. He was appointed by Presi- 


dent Harrison, special commissioner to negotiate 


asystem of sea post offices with London, Paris 
and Berlin; was a delegate to the fourth con- 
gress of the Universal Postal union at Vienna 
in 1891, and was U.S. minister to Italy, 1892-94. 
He was a relief commissioner to Porto Rico dur- 
ing the Spanish-American war, and in 1902 be- 
came president of Jefferson Medical college of 
Philadelphia. 

POTTER, William Bleeker, mining engineer, 
was born in Schenectady, N.Y., March 238, 1846; 
He was grad- 
uated from Columbia college, A.B. in 1866, M.E., 
1869; was assistant in geology there, 1869-71 ; 
assistant on the geological survey of Ohio, under 
Prof. John D. Newberry, and was appointed pro- 
fessor of mining and metallurgy at Washington 
university, St. Louis, Mo., in 1871. He was 
elected president of the American Institute of 
Mining Engineers in 1888, and was a member of 
the leading scientific societies of the United 
States and Europe. 

POTTER, William James, author, was bornin 
North Dartmouth, Mass., Feb. 1, 1830; son of 
William and Anna (Aiken) Potter; grandson of 
William H. and Patience (Thurston) Potter, and 
of Ebenezer and Chloe (Hathaway) Aiken, and a 
descendant of Nathaniel Potter, Aquidneck, R.L., 
1638. He attended the Friends school, Provi- 
dence, R.I.; was graduated at the State Normal _ 
school, Bridgewater, Mass., and at Harvard in 
1854, and studied in Germany, 1857-58. He was 
an usher in Bristol academy, Taunton, Mass., 
1849-50 ; instructorin the high school, Cam- 
bridge, Mass., 1854-56, and a student at the Har- 
vard Divinity school, 1856-57. He was ordained 


[324] 

















POTTS 


pastor of the First Congregational (Unitarian) 
society, New Bedford, Mass., Dec. 28, 1859, and 
was its pastor continuously, 1859-98. He was 
married, Nov. 26, 1863, tou Elizabeth Claghorn, 
daughter of Spooner and Lydia (Delano) Bab- 
cock of New Bedford, Mass. He was drafted into 
the army in 1863; was hospital chaplain at 
Alexandria, Va., and was detailed for special 
service under the secretary of war, to inspect 
hospitals in and near Washington and Alexandria, 
After serving for a year in this capacity and in 
the sanitary commission, he returned to his par- 
ish in New Bedford. In 1867 he aided in estab- 
lishing the American Free Religious association, 
and was its secretary, 1867-82, and its president, 
1882-93. He also organized the Union for Good 
Works in New Bedford, in 1870. In addition to 
his work in his pastorate, he delivered many 
lectures and addresses, mostly under the auspices 
of the Free Religious association, in Boston and 
elsewhere, and the first six months of 1893 he 
spent in California, preaching and lecturing. He 
edited The Index, 1880-87; contributed to the 
Radical and other periodicals, and is the author 
of : Four Discourses Suggested by the Life and 
Tragic Death of Abraham Lincoln (1865); Twenty- 
jive Sermons of Twenty-five Years (1885); The 
First Congregational Society in New Bedford. 
Its History as Illustrative of Ecclesiastical Evolu- 
tion (1889); Lectures and Sermons: With a Bio- 
graphical Sketch by Francis Ellingwood Abbot 
(1893), and a number of other printed sermons. 
He died in Boston, Mass., Dec. 21, 1893. 

POTTS, David, representative, was born at 
Warwick Furnace, Chester county, Pa., Nov. 27, 
1794; son of David and Martha (Potts) Potts: 
grandson of Samuel and Joanna (Holland) Potts, 
and of David and Anna (Potts) Potts, and a de- 
scendant of Thomas and Martha (Keurlis) Potts. 
Thomas Potts emigrated from Wales to America 
with his uncle Thomas, of Coventry, England, in 
1690, and settled near Philadelphia, Pa. He was 
well educated ; served in the war of 1812 with 
his brother Thomas, and at an early age was 
placed in charge of Warwick Furnace, and his 
ancestral home, carrying on the furnace most 
successfully for half a century, and making many 
improvements in the estate. He was married, 
March 4, 1819, to Anna Nutt, daughter of Robert 
and Ruth (Potts) May of Coventry, Pa. He rep- 
resented Chester county in the Pennsylvania leg- 
islature, 1823-25, and was a Whig and _ anti- 
Mason representative in the 22d-25th congresses, 
1831-39. He gave liberally towards the raising 
of regiments and for the relief of the sick and 
wounded soldiers of the Federal army during the 
civil war. He was at one time a candidate for 
governor of Pennsylvania, on the Free Soil ticket. 
He died at Warwick, Pa., June 1, 1863. 


POTTS 


POTTS, Jonathan, surgeon, was born in Popo- 
dickon, Berks county, Pa., April 11, 1745; son of 
John and Ruth (Savage) Potts, and grandson of 
Thomas, the immigrant, and Martha (Keutlis) 
Potts, and of Samuel and Ann (Rutter) Savage. 
His father founded Pottstown, Pa. Jonathan 
attended school at Ephrata and Philadelphia ; 
was a medical student in Edinburgh, Scotland, 
1766-68, and was graduated at the College of 
Philadelphia, B.M., in 1768, his class being the 
first to be graduated from the medical school. 
He was married, May 5, 1767, to Grace Richard- 
son. He practised medicine in Reading, Pa. ; 
was a delegate to the provincial meeting of dep- 
uties at Philadelphia in July, 1774, and a mem- 
ber of the Provincial congress at Philadelphia in 
January, 1775. He was active in raising men 
and in organizing the forces of Berks county in 
1776, and was appointed physician and surgeon 
in the Continental army, operating in Northern 
New York, June 6, 1776. He was placed in 
charge of the hospital at Fort George, and when 
Gates joined Washington in Philadelphia, Sur- 
geon Potts made his headquarters in Market 
Street, where General Putnam ordered all officers 
in charge of the sick to report. He was present 
at the battle of Princeton, and was appointed 
medical director-general of the Northern depart- 
ment, April 11, 1777. He was on leave of absence 
from November, 1777, until Jan. 22, 1778, when 
he was transferred from the army at Albany, 
N.Y., to the hospitals of the middle department, 
and served at Valley Forge, until prostrated by ill- 
ness. He was elected surgeon of the Philadelphia 
city troop, May 17, 1779, and in that year assisted 
in defending froma mob the home of James 
Wilson, the signer. He resigned from the Con- 
tinental army, Oct. 6, 1780, and died in Reading, 
Pa., in October, 1781. 

POTTS, Richard, delegate and senator, was 
born in Upper Marlborough, Prince George county, 
Md., in July, 1758. He practised law in Fred- 
erick county, where he was a member and clerk 
of the committee of observation in 1776; clerk 
of the court, 1777-79, and a member of the Mary- 
land house of delegates, 1779-80 and 1787-88. He 
was a delegate to the Continental congress, 1781- 
82; became state attorney for the counties of 
Frederick, Montgomery and Washington, in 1784, 
and was a member of the state convention that 
ratified the Federal constitution in 1788. He was 
appointed ULS. attorney for Maryland by Presi- 
dent Washington in 1789; became chief judge of 
the fifth district of Maryland in 1791; was elected 
to the U.S. senate from Maryland to complete 
the term of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, in 1793, 
sérving 1793-96, and was associate justice of the 
Maryland court of appeals, 1801-04. He was 
married, first, to Elizabeth, sister of Capt. John 


[825] 


FOTIS 


Hughes, who bandaged the eyes of Major André 
at the time of his execution ; secondly, Dec. 19, 
1799, to Eleanor Murdock. He received the de- 
gree LL.D. from the College of New Jersey, 1805. 
He died in Frederick county, Md., Nov. 26, 1808. 

POTTS, William, author, was born in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., May 5, 1838; son of Joseph Kirk- 
bride and Sidney (Bonsall) Potts; grandson of 
Joseph Potts, and a descendant of Thomas Potts of 
Coventry, Eng. He studied law fora brief period, 
removed to New York in 1863, and engaged in the 
insurance business and in banking. He was 
secretary of the Brooklyn Civil Service Reform 
association, 1880-94, save while in the public ser- 
vice; of the New York and the National Civil 
Service Reform associations, 1881-94, with the 
same exception ; was chief examiner of the Civil 
Service commission for New York state in 1887, 
and vice-president of the National Civil Service 
Reform league, 1894-96. He was also a member 
of numerous social and scientific organizations, 
and active in movements for improvement in 
political methods, and in social settlement work. 
His published works include: Noblesse Oblige 
(1880); Evolution of Vegetable Life (1889); Evolu- 
tion and Social Reform—the Socialistie Method 
(1890); Form and Color in Nature (1891); The 
Monetary Problem (1892); From a New England 
Hillside (1895), and Statistics of Societies (com- 
piled, 1899). 

POTTS, William Stevens, educator, was born 
at Fishing Creek, Northumberland county, Pa., 
Oct. 18, 1802; son of William and Mary (Gard- 
ner) Potts. His father was a Quaker, and his 
mother of Scotch descent. He removed with his 
parents to Trenton, N.J., in 1810; was educated 
in the public schools; in 1818 went to Philadel- 
phia to learn the printer’s trade, and while there, 
in 1822, studied theology under the Rev. Ezra S. 
Ely. Heattended Princeton Theologicai seminary, 
1825-27 ; was licensed by the presbytery of Phila- 
delphia, November, 1827; became a missionary in 
New Jersey and the south, 1827-28, and was 
ordained by the presbytery of Missouri, Oct. 26, 
1828. He was pastor of the First Presbyterian 
church of St. Louis, Mo., 1828-35; president of 
Marion college, Mo., 1835-89, and founder and 
pastor (1839-52) of the Second Presbyterian church 
of St. Louis. He received the degree D.D. from 
Marion college in 1841.. He was married to Ann, 
daughter of Samuel Benton. He died in St. 
Louis, Mo., March 27, 1852. 

POU, Edward William, representative, was 
born in Tuskegee, Macon county, Ala., Sept. 9, 
1863; son of Edward William and Anna Maria 
(Smith) Pou; grandson of Joseph and Eliza M. 
(Felder) Pou, and of James H. and Nancy (Bryan) 
Smith ; and a descendant of Gavin Pou of South 
Carolina, He was educated at the schoolof John 


POURTALES 


L. Davis at Smithfield, N.C., and at the Univer- 
sity of North Carolina, 1881-84; taught school, 
1884-85 ; studied law under his father; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in October, 1885, and began 
practice in Smithfield in partnership with his 
brother, James H. Pou, and subsequently with 
Furnifold M. Simmons (q.v.). He was chairman 
of the executive committee of Johnston county 
in 1886, and under his administration the county 
became permanently Democratic. He was mar- 
ried Oct. 18, 1887, to Carrie, daughter of Ross and 
Mary Ann (Houghton) Ihrie of Pittsboro, N.C. 
He was a Democratic presidential elector, 1888 ; 
and was solicitor of the fourth North Carolina 
judicial district in 1890, 1894 and 1898. In 1896 
he was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for 
representative from the fourth North Carolina 
district to the 55th congress, and was elected to 
the 57th and 58th congresses, 1901-05, serving on 
the committees on reform in the civil service and 
expenditures in the treasury dedartment. 
POULSSON, Anne Emilie, author, was born 
at Cedar Grove, Essex county, N.J., Sept. 8, 
1853 ; daughter of Halvor and Ruth Ann (Mitchell) 
Poulsson ; grand-daughter of Paul and Ingeborg 
Mathea (Moe) Poulsson of Norway, and of 
Samuel and Hannah (Thornton) Mitchell of 
England. She attended the public schools of 
Newark, N.J., and was graduated from the 
Kindergarten Normal school of Misses Garland 
and Weston, Boston, Mass., in 1881. Her eye- 
sight had been impaired from infancy, and fear- 
ing possible blindness she became a student in 
the Perkins Institution for the Blind in South 
Boston, where she afterward taught, 1879-82. 
Subsequently she entered into private teaching 
and study and gained a reputation as a_ lecturer 
and writer. She became joint editor of the 
Kindergarten Review in 1897. Her published! 
works include: Nursery Finger Plays (1889); In 
the Child’s World (1893); Through the Farmyard 
Gate (1896); Child Stories and Rhymes (1898); 
Kinderwelt, selections from Jn the Child’s World 
(1898); Love and Law in Child Training (1899); 
El Mundo de Niiio, selections from In the Child’s 
World (1900) ; Holiday Songs (1901), and numer- 
ous articles contributed to periodicals. 
POURTALES, Louis Francois de, naturalist, 
was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland, March 4, 
1824. He was descended from a noble family, 
and was himself a count. He adopted the pro- 
fession of engineer, but early became a student 
of natural history, and accompanied Louis 
Agassiz, who was his instructor in the science, on 
his glacial explorations among the Alpsin 1840, 
coming with him to the United States in 1847. 
He was connected with the U.S. coast survey, 
1848-73, and while engaged in work on the 
Florida reef in 1851, was led to study the ocean 


[326] 


= 








POWDERLY 


¢ 














































bed through the medium of numerous gephyreans 
and holothurians which he collected, and by 
- specimens accumulated by different hydrographic 
expeditions, publishing the result of his study in 
 Peterman’s Mittheilungen. He was assigned to 
the field and office work of the tidal department 
of the coast survey in 1854, and thus was the 
_ pioneer and chief director of deep-sea dredging 
on both coasts of the United States, 1854-73. In 
1873 he became assistant at the Museum of Com- 
_ parative Zodlogy, Harvard university, and suc- 
ceeded Louis Agassiz in December, 1873, as its 
_ keeper, until relieved in 1875 by Alexander 
Agassiz. He was a member of the National 
Academy of Sciences, and of other scientific 
societies, and received the honorary degree A.M. 
from Harvard in 1880. His valuable collections 
of marine zodlogical specimens were placed in 
the Agassiz museum at Cambridge, and thence 
distributed to specialists in the United States 
and Europe, which resulted in special reports 
- upon the different forms of deep-sea life by the 
most eminent investigators. The Pourtalesia, 
a genus of sea-urchins, were named in his honor, 
He contributed to the Proceedings of scientific 
‘societies, and published reports under the direc- 
‘tion of the Museum of Comparative Zoédlogy. He 
died at Beverly Farms, Mass., July 17, 1880. 
POWDERLY, Terence Vincent, knight of 
labor, was born in Carbondale, Pa., Jan. 22, 
1849; son of Terence and Margery (Welsh) 
-_ Powderly, who emigrated from Ireland to the 
_- United States in 1826, and settled in the Lacka- 
- wanna Valley, Pa. He was educated in the 
public schools until 1862; was switch tender for 
the Delaware and Hudson railroad, 1862-64 ; car 
inspector in 1864, and a brakeman in 1865. He 
served an apprenticeship in the machine shops 
of the Delaware and Hudson company, 1866-69 ; 
_ removed to Scranton, Pa., in 1869, where he was 
employed in the Delaware, Lackawanna and 
‘Western railroad shops, 1869-73, and in the Dick- 
‘s on Locomotive works, 1873-77. He was married, 
Se ept. 19, 1872, to Hannah, daughter of John and 
Anne (Dever) of Scranton, Pa. He joined the 
_ Machinists’ and Blacksmiths’ union in 1870, re- 
moved to Oil City during the panic of 1873, and 
joined Assembly No. 88, Knights of Labor, in 1874. 
_ He was a delegate to the Machinists’ and Black- 
smiths’ union convention at Louisville, Ky., in 
1874, where he succeeded in inducing the union 
4 join the Knights of Labor as Assembly No. 
_ 222, and was general master. In 1877 he formed 
amet assembly in Lackawanna county, of 
Te which he was secretary, 1877-86. In the strike 
of 1877 he persuaded 5,000 discharged Knights of 
_ Labor to emigrate to oarina points in the west, 
where they formed new assemblies. He directed 
‘the first general assembly of the order held in 


c 


POWELL 


Reading, Pa., in 1878, and in St. Louis in 1879, 
when he was elected Grand Worthy Foreman, At 
their third general assembly at Chicago in 1879 
he became General Master-Workman, and served, 
by re-election, 1879-93. He was mayor of Scran- 
ton, 1878-84; studied law in the office of Judge 
P. P. Smith at Scranton, 1893-94; was admitted 
to the bar in September, 1894 ; settled in practice 
in Scranton, and in the same year canvassed the 
state for Governor Hastings. He was prominent 
in the presidential campaigns of 1896 and 1900, 
speaking for McKinley and Hobart, and for Mc- 
Kinley and Roosevelt. He was U.S. commis- 
sioner-general of immigration by appointment of 
President McKinley, 1897-1902. He was admitted 
to the bar of the supreme court of the United 
States in 1901. He is the author of : Thirty Years 
of Labor, a History of the Organization of Labor 
since 1860 (1891); History of Labor Day; con- 
tributions on economies to the Journal of United 
Labor, and to the leading general magazines. 
POWELL, Aaron Macy, reformer, was born 
in Clinton, N.Y., March 26, 1832; son of Town- 
send and Catharine (Macy) Powell; grandson of 
James and Martha (Townsend) Powell and of 
Abraham and Elizabeth (Coleman) Macy, and a 
descendant of Thomas Powell of Westbury, Long 
Island, whose will is dated Imo 8rd, 1719. On his 
mother’s side the first ancestor in this country is 
John Howland of the Mayflower, 1620. His 
parents were members of the Society of Friends 
and active abolitionists. He attended the New 
York State Normal school,.but did not graduate, 
as he was urged to accept the position of lec- 
turer for the American Anti-Slavery society, and 
served as such, 1852-65, and as secretary of the 
society, 1866-70. He edited the National Anti- 
Slavery Standard, 1865-72 ; the National Temper- 
ance Advocate, 1872-99, and the Philanthropist, 
1886-99. He was assistant secretary of the 
National Temperance society, 1873-94; and was 
president of the National Purity alliance. He 
was a delegate to the International Prison con- 
gress in London in 1872, and to the congress for 
the abolition of the state regulation of vice, in 
Geneva, Switzerland, in 1877, the Hague in 1883, 
and in London in 1886. He is the author of: 
State Regulation of Vice (1878); The Beer Ques- 
tion (1881); The National Government and the 
Liquor Traffic (1882), and Personal Reminiscences | 
of Anti-Slavery and Other Reforms (1900). He 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., May 13, 1899. 
POWELL, Edward Payson, clergyman and 
author, was born in Clinton, N.Y., in 1833; son 
of John and Mary (Johnson) Powell, and de- 
scended from the Powells of Washington, Conn., 
and from the Johnsons of Windsor, Vt. He was 


‘graduated from Hamilton college in 1853, and 


from Union Theological seminary, 1858, having 


[327] 


POW ELL 


been tutor at Hamilton college, 1856-57. He was 
stated supply at Deansboro, N.Y., 1858-61; was 
ordained, Oct. 29, 1861; was pastor of Plymouth 
Congregational church, Adrian, Mich., 1861-71; 
of Mayflower church, St. Louis, Mo., 1871-78 ; 
editor of the Globe-Democrat, St. Louis, 1873- 
74, and pastor of the Third Unitarian church, 
Chicago, Il., 1874-77. After 1877 he resided in 
Clinton, N.Y., where he engaged in literary as 
well as horticultural pursuits, besides preaching 
in Utica, N.Y., 1880-86. He was elected a member 
of the Chicago Academy of Sciences ; the Ameri- 
can Arbitration congress, Washington, 1896; the 
American Historical society ; vice-president of 
the Congress of Religion, and member of the 
committee of one hundred to establish a Na- 
tional University at Washington. His pub- 
lished writings include: Our Heredity from God 
(1886; Berlin, 1889); Liberty and Life (1890); 
Nullification and Secession in the United States 
(1896); Windbreaks, Hedges and Shelters (1900) ; 
Old Home Days (1901). In 1903 he was editor of 
the Independent, and a frequent contributor to 
periodicals, 

POWELL, John Wesley, geologist, was born 
in Mount Morris, N.Y., March 24, 1884. His 
father, a Methodist clergyman, emigrated from 
England to New York city ; removed to Jackson, 
Ohio, in 1841; to Walworth county, Wis., in 1846, 

where he continued 
to preach, leaving the 
entire care of the 
farm to his son; to 
Boone county, Ill., in 
1851, and finally to 
Wheaton, where he 
was a trustee of the 
: college. John Wes- 
z= ley Powell had few 
2 educational advan- 
tages beyond attend- 
ing Wheaton and Il- 
linois colleges irregu- 
larly to hear lectures, 
and in the mean- 
time earned money 
by teaching and lecturing in. geography to pros- 
ecute his studies further. He took a special 
two years’ course at Oberlin, and having at 
an early age developed an inclination toward 
natural science, made an extensive collection 
of shells, plants and minerals from various wes- 
tern states, and in 1859 was elected secretary 
of the Illinois Natural History society. He was 
married in 1861 to Emma Dean of Detroit, Mich. 
He enlisted as a private in the 20th Illinois volun- 
teers in 1861; was promoted lieutenant in the 2d 
Illinois artillery, and at the battle of Shiloh lost 
his right arm. He declined the coloneley of a 


~ 





POWELL 


colored regiment; was promoted major and 
became chief of artillery of the 17th army corps, 
and later of the Department of Tennessee, serv- 
ing until the end of the war. He was professor 
of geology and curator of the museum at the 
Illinois Wesleyan university, 1865-68 ; in the sum- 
mer of 1867 organized a party of students for the 
purpose of making a geographical study of Colo- 
rado, ascending Pike’s Peak and Mount Lincoln, 
and in 1868, under the auspices of General Grant 
and of several educational institutions, especially 
the Smithson- 
ian  Institu- 
tion, explored 
the Colorado 
canons, reach- 
ing the Grand 
cafion, Aug. 
13, 1869. As 
a result of his success in this expedition, and 
through his efforts, congress created in 1870 
the topographical and geological survey of the 
Colorado river, of which Major Powell was placed 
incharge. In 1879he was made a member of the 
public lands commission, and after the consolida- 
tion of the different surveys, under the direction 
of the Smithsonian Institution, into one national 
survey in 1879, he was chosen director of the 
bureau of ethnology, and succeeded Clarence 
King (q.v.) as director of the U.S. geological 
survey in 1881, resigning in May, 1894, on account 
of ill health. In 1900, accompanied by Prof. 
W. H. Holmes, anthropologist of the National 
museum, he conducted an exploring expedition 
in Cuba to study the remains of the pre-historic 
inhabitants, and brought back a valuable and 
interesting collection of human bones and speci- 
mens pertaining to the life of the Arawaks and 
Caribs. He received the degrees A.M. and Ph.D., 
upon examination, from Illinois Wesleyan uni- 
versity in 1877; the honorary degree of A.M. 
from Oberlin college, 1882; LL.D. from Colum- 
bian, 1882; Harvard, 1886; Illinois college, 1889 ; 
Ph.D. from Heidelburg, 1886, and was awarded 
the famous Cuvier prize by the French Academy 
in 1891. He was a lecturer on primitive medicine 
at Columbian university in 1881, and a trustee, 
1881-1902. He became a fellow of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science in 
1875, vice-president in 1879, and president in 1887; 
was president of the Anthropological society of 
Washington, 1879-88; became a member of the 
National Academy of Sciences in 1880, and of 
the American Philosophical society ; a fellow of 
the American Academy, and organized a social 
club of scientific men in Washington, D.C. He 
is the author of: Exploration of the Colorado 
River of the West and its Tributaries, Explored 




















SMITHSONIAN SASTITUTION. 


in 1869-72 (1875) ; Sketch of the Ancient Province: 


[828] 











es - >». - 









Lo 
- 











POWELL 


of Tusayan (1875) ; Geology of the Eastern Por- 
tion of the Uinta Mountains and a Region of 
Country Adjacent Thereto (1876) ; The Lands of 
the Avid Region of the United States (1879) ; In- 
troduction to the Study of Indian Languages 
(1880); Studies in Sociology; The Cations of the 
Colorado (1895) and several pamphlets. He died 
at Haven, Maine, Sept. 23, 1902. 

POWELL, Lazarus Whitehead, senator, was 
born in Henderson county, Ky., Oct. 6, 1812. 
He was graduated from St. Joseph’s college, 
Bardstown, Ky., in 1833; studied law at Tran- 
sylvania ey: 1833-35, and began to prac- 

= tise in Henderson county in 
1835. He was a Democratic 
representative in the state 
legislature in 1836; a candi- 
date for presidential elector 
on the Polkand Dallas ticket 
in 1844, and was defeated for 
governor of Kentucky by 
John J. Gpittenden i in 1848. He was governor of 
Kentucky, 1851-55 ; a peace commissioner to Utah 
in 1857, and U.S. senator from Kentucky, 1859- 
65. His colleague, Garret Davis, introduced a 
resolution in the senate for his expulsion in 1862 
on the ground of disloyalty, which was defeated, 
and thereupon Senator Davis retracted the 
charge. He was a delegate to the Union con- 
vention at Philadelphia in 1866. He died in Hen- 
derson county, Ky., July 3, 1867. 

POWELL, Levin Minn, naval officer, was 
born at Winchester, Va., April 21, 1808; son of 
Alfred Harrison and Sidney (Thruston) Powell; 
grandson of Col. Levin and Sarah (Harrison) 
Powell ; great-grandson of William and Eleanor 
(Peyton) Powell, and a descendant of Capt. Wil- 
liam Powell, who came from England to Virginia, 
1611, and was a member of the first house of 
burgesses, 1619. His grandfather, Levin (1787- 
1810), raised and equipped the 16th Virginia 
regiment ; served through the Valley Forge 
campaign, and was a Federalist representative 
in the 6th U.S. congress, 1749-1801. Levin Minn 
Powell was appointed midshipman in the U.S. 
navy, March 1, 1817; assigned to the Frank- 
lin, and was engaged in suppressing piracy in the 
Mediterranean and China seas, the Gulf of 
Mexico and the West Indies. He was promoted 





lieutenant, April 28, 1826; commanded several 


expeditions against the Indians in the Seminole 
war; was wounded ina fight with them on the 
Jupiter river in January, 1837; received the 
thanks of the navy department for his services in 
Florida, and commanded two surveying expedi- 
tions on the eastern coasts and harbors of the Gulf 
of Mexico, He was promoted commander, June 
24, 1843 ; was made assistant inspector of ordnance 
in October, 1843, and continued on ordnance 


POWELL 


duty until 1849. He commanded the sloop John 
Adams on the coast of South America and 
Africa, 1849-50; served as executive officer of 
the U.S. navy yard at Washington, D.C., 1851- 
54, and commanded the flag-ship Potomae on a 
cruise in the North Atlantic and West Indies, 
1854-56. He was promoted captain, Sept. 14, 
1855 ; served as inspector of contract steamers in 
1858, and as captain of the frigate Potomae, 
in the Gulf squadron, 1861-62, having been retired 
Dec. 21, 1861, six months before he left his ship. 
He was promoted commodore on the retired list, 
July 16, 1862; served as inspector of the third 
light-house district, 1862-66; on special service, 
1867-72, and was promoted rear-admiral on the 
retired list, May 13, 1869. He died in Washing- 
ton, D:C., Jan. 15, 1885. 

POWELL, William Henry, artist, was born 
in New York city, Feb. 14, 1823. He began to 
study art under Henry Inman in New York 
city, 1848, and continued his studies in Paris and 
Florence. He first exhibited at the National 
Academy of Design, New York, in 1838 ; was elect- 
ed an associate in 1839, andasecond time in 1854, 
His ‘“‘ De Soto Discovering the Mississippi” was 
painted for the capitol at Washington, D.C, 
1848-53, and ‘‘ Perry’s Victory on Lake Erie” for 
the state of Ohio in 1863, and on a larger can- 
vas for the state capitol in 1873. He also painted : 
Siege of Vera Cruz ; Battle of Buena Vista ; Land- 
ing of the Pilgrims; Scott's Entry into the City 
of Mexico; Washington at Valley Forge ; and 
Christopher Columbus before the Court of Sala- 
manca. His portraits include the prominent 
public men of the day, notably: Albert Gallatin 
(1843); Peter Cooper (1855), and Washington 
Irving. He died in New York city, Oct. 6, 1879. 

POWELL, William Henry, soldier, was born 
in Monmouthshire, South Wales, May 10, 1825- 
In 1830 he came to the United States with his 


parents, who settled in Nashville, Tenn., in 1833, 
removing to Wheeling, Va., in 1843. He was 


married first, Dec. 24, 1847, to Sarah Gilchrist of 
Wheeling, Va.; and secondly, April 29, 1879, to 
E. P. (West) Weaver of Belleville, Il. He con- 
ducted the erection of the Virginia Tron and 
Nail works at Benwood, Va., 1852-53; the Star 
Nail works at Ironton, Ohio, 1853-54, and was 
general manager of the Lawrence Iron works at 
Tronton, Ohio, 1857-61. He entered the Federal 
army in August, 1861; recruited a company for 
the 2d regiment of West Virginia cavalry in 
Southern Ohio ; 
October, 1861; major and lieutenant-colonel in 
1862; colonel, May 18, 1863; was wounded while 
leading his regiment ina charge at Wytheville, 
Va., July 18, 1863, taken prisoner by the Con- 
federates, and confined in Libby prison until 
Jan. 29, 1864. He was exchanged for General 


was commissioned captain in 


[829] 


POWER 


W.H. F. Lee, February, 1864, and commanded 
the 2d division, Sheridan’s cavalry corps, in the 
Shenandoah Valley, 1864-65, being promoted 
brigadier-general of volunteers in October, 1864, 
and brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 
13, 1865. He declined a nomination for repre- 
sentative from the eleventh district of Ohio to 
the 40th congress in 1866. He superintended the 
building and was the general manager of the 
Clifton Nail works in Mason county, W. Va., 
1867-70; declined the Republican nomination as 
representative from the third district of West 
Virginia to the 41st congress in 1868, and was 
made a Grant and Colfax elector the same year. 
He was general manager of the Belleville Nail 
company, Belleville, Ill., 1876-80, and in 1882 
organized the Western Nail company of Belle- 
ville, of which he was made president and general 
manager. He was department commander of 
the G.A.R. of Illinois in 1895-96, and in 1898 was 
appointed internal revenue collector for the 
13th revenue district of Illinois. 

POWER, Thomas Charles, senator, was born 
ona farm near Dubuque, lowa, May 22, 1839. 
He attended the public school, studied civil 
engineering at Sinsiniwa college, Wis., 1854-57, 
and engaged in his profession and in that of 
teaching school, 1857-60. He was employed on a 
survey in Dakota in 1860, engaged in trade on the 
Missouri river in 1861, and in 1867 settled at Fort 
Benton, Mont., where he served as president of a 
line of steamers and of the Power Mercantile 
company. He was also interested in the deve- 
lopment of mines and in cattle raising, and 
removed to Helena, Mont., in 1876. He was a 
member of the first constitutional convention 
held in Montana in 1883, a delegate to the Repub- 
lican national convention in 1889, and in the 
first state election was defeated for governor, 
Oct. 1, 1889, by Joseph K. Toole, Democrat, by 
576 votes. He was elected to the U.S. senate, Jan. 
2, 1890, by the Republican members of the legis- 
lature, the Democrats not joining in the election, 
but holding a separate session, and electing 
Martin Maginnis, Jan. 7, 1890. He tookhis seat 
April 16, 1890, and although it was contested 
by Mr. Maginnis he completed the term, March 
3, 1895. : 

POWERS, Hiram, sculptor, was born in Wood- 
stock, Vt., July 29, 1805 ; son of Stephen and Sarah 
(Perry) Powers; grandson of Dr. Stephen and 
Lydia (Drew) Powers, and a descendant of Wal- 
ter Powers of Littleton, Mass. He was brought 
up on his father’s farm, and in 1819 removed 
with his parents to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his 
brother Benjamin edited a newspaper, and where 
he engaged first as a clerk, and subsequently as 
foreman in Watson’s clock factory, 1823-29. His 
first professional work was in Dorfeuille’s museum 


POWERS 


modeling wax figures, 1829-35. In 1832 he saw 
Canova’s marble bust of Washington, the first 
work of the kind he had ever seen. He was 
married, May 1, 1832, to Elizabeth, daughter of 
James Gibson of Cincinnati. He received some 
instruction in model- 
ing from a German 
sculptor in Cincin- 
nati, 1832-35;., re- 
moved to Washing- 
CON jae Cyne Sap, 
where he modeled 
busts of President 
Jackson, John Quincy 
Adams, John C, Cal- 
houn, Daniel Web- 
ster and others, and 
constructed a jet 
@eau for the capitol 
grounds, Through 
the financial assist- 
ance of William C. 
Preston and Nicholas Longworth, he went to Flor- 
ence, Italy, in 1837, where he continued to reside 
permanently. Among his most noted works are 
his statues, Eve Tempted, in 1838, and The Greek 
Slave, in 1848, for the original of which he received 
7,000. He invented several useful devices, among 
them a process of modeling in plaster, without the 
use of aclay model. In addition to the statues 
mentioned he executed: The Fisher-Boy (1846); 
America (1854), designed for the top of the capi- 
tol at Washington and destroyed by fire in 1866 ; 
Il’ Penseroso (1856); California (1858); Eve Dis- 
consolate (1869) The Last of the Tribe (1872); 
General Washington, for Louisiana; Webster, 











BIRTHPLACE OF HIRAM POWERS 


for Massachusetts ; Calhoun, for South Carolina 
(1850); Franklin (1862), and Jefferson for the Capi- 
tol at Washington (1863). His portrait busts in- 
clude those of several distinguished men, and 
among his ideal busts are: Ginevra (1840, 1865); 
Proserpine (1845); Psyche (1849); Diana (1852); 
Christ (1866); Faith (1867); Clytie (1868); Hope 


[330] 











POWERS 









































J 
¢ 1869) ; Charity (1871). In the selection of names 
for a place in the Hall of Fame for Great Amer- 
ica, New York university, October, 1900, his 
name in Class K, Musicians, Painters and Sculp- 
tors, received thirty-five votes, the next highest 
to Gilbert Stuart, who received fifty-two votes, 
and secured a place. He died in Florence, Italy, 
‘June 27, 1873. 

POWERS, Horace Henry, representative, was 
born in Morristown, Vt., May 29, 1835; son of Dr. 
Horace and Love E. (Gilman) Powers ; grandson of 
Uriasand Lucy (Wakefield) Powers, and of Saniuel 
and Mary Gilman, and a descendant of Walter 
: and Trial (Shepard) Powers. Walter Powers em- 
_igrated, probably from Essex, England, to Salem, 
Mass., in 1654, and settled in Littleton, Mass., 
where he died in 1708. Horace Henry Powers 
was graduated from the University of Vermont, 
A.B., 1855, A.M., 1858 ; and taught school in Hunt- 
_ ingdon, Canada East and Hyde Park, Vt. He 
was married, Oct. 11, 1858, to Caroline E., daugh- 
ter of Vernon W. and Adeline (Cady) Waterman 
of Morristown, Vt. He studied law, 1858-58; 
was admitted to the bar in 1858, and practised 
law in Hyde Park, 1858-62, and at Morrisville, 
Vt., 1862-74. He was a RORY ES in the 
Bernt legislature in 1858; was prosecuting 
~ attorney of Lamoille county, 1861-62; a member 
of the council of censors in 1869; of the state 
constitutional convention of 1870; of the state 
senate, 1872-73; speaker of the state house of 
representatives in 1874, and judge of the state 
supreme court, 1875-90. He was Republican rep- 
resentative from the first Vermont district in the 
-§2d-56th congresses, 1891-1901 ; was chairman of 
the Vermont delegation to the Republican na- 
tional convention at Minneapolis in 1892, and 
chairman of the committee on Pacific railroads 
in the 55th congress. He was elected a trustee of 
_ the University of Vermont in 1883. In 1900 he de- 
clined nomination for representative in the 57th 
congress, and was succeeded by David J. Foster. 

Pak DWERS, James Knox, educator, was born in 
ys auderdale county, Ala., Aug. 15, 1851; son of 
Vv nian and Rosanna (Reeder) Powers ; grand- 
n of Wesley and Mary Powers, and of Jacob 
1 Elizabeth (Wesson) Reeder, and of Scotch- 

Irish ancestry. He attended 
the preparatory and collegi- 

ate departments of Wesleyan 
' university, Florence, Ala.; 
fF} was tutor there, 1870-71, and 
Ly was graduated from the 

University of Alabama with 
highest honors, A.M., 1873. 

He was Pee etecsor of mathematics in the State Nor- 
pellege at Florence (formerly Wesleyan uni- 
ers! ity), 1873-97 ; president of the college, 1888-97, 
d the ‘elavyenth president of the University of 


e 


re 
= 


_ 


POWERS 


Alabama, 1897-1901. He was married, Jan. 31, 
1879, to Louisa, daughter of Calvin A. and Eliza- 
beth (Abernethy) Reynolds of Pulaski, Tenn., and 
of their children, Reynolds James, born Dec. 6, 
1879, graduated from the University of Alabama, 
B.S., 1899 and from the U.S. Military academy, 
1903, and Lula Knox, born April 4, 1881, also grad- 
uated from the University of Alabama, B.A., 1901. 
James K. Powers was grand dictator of the 
Knights of Honor of Alabama, 1884-86: received 
the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University 
of Alabama in 1897, and was made a member of 
the National Geographic society in 1899. He is 
the author of numerous addresses and educational 
reports. In 1901 he resigned the presidency of 
the University of Alabama to become connected 
with a publishing house. 

POWERS, Llewellyn, governor of Maine, 
was born in Pittsfield, Maine, in December, 1836 ; 
son of Arbra and Naomi (Mathews) Powers ; 
grandson of Phillip and Lucy (Hood) Powers, and 
a descendant of Walter and Trial (Shepard) 
Powers. He was a student 
at Colby university, but did 
not graduate ; was graduated 
LL.B. at Albany Law school 
in 1860, and practised in 
Houlton, Maine. He was 
married in 1863 to Jennie 
Hewes. He was prosecuting 
attorney of Aroostook county, 1865-71 ; U.S. col- 
lector of customs, 1868-72; a representative in 
the Maine legislature, 1874-76 ; Republican repre- 
sentative from the fourth Maine district in the 
45th congress, 1877-79 ; again a representative in 
the state legislature , and speaker, 1895, and gov- 
ernor of Maine, 1897-1901. In 1901 he was elected 
a representative from the fourth Maine district 
in the 57th congress as successor to Charles A. 
Boutelle, resigned, and was re-elected to the 58th 
congress, serving 1901-05. He received the hon- 
orary degree A.M. from Colby university in 1870. 

POWERS, Orlando Woodworth, jurist, was 
born at Pultneyville, N.Y., June 16, 1851; son of 
Josiah Woodworth and Julia(Stoddard) Powers ; 
grandson of Capt. Peter Powers of Croyden, N.H., 
great-grandson of David Powers of Croyden, 
asoldier in the Revolution, and a descendant of 
Walter Power, who landed at Salem, Mass., in 
1654, and settled in Middlesex county, Mass. He 
was a student at the Collegiate institute, Marion, 
N.Y., and at the Sodus academy, N.Y., and was 
graduated from the University of Michigan, 
LL.B., 1871. He wasadmitted to the bar, 1878, and 
settled in practice at Kalamazoo, Mich., where 
he was city attorney, 1876 and 1885. He was the 
deféated Democratic candidate for representative 
from the fourth district of Michigan in the 47th 
congress in 1880; was a delegate-at-large to the 





[331] 


POWERS 


Democratic national convention of 1884, from 
Michigan; was appointed by President Cleveland, 
associate justice of the supreme court of Utah 
Territory in May, 1885, and in August, 1886, 
resigned and settled in practice in Salt Lake city. 
He was married, Oct. 26, 1887, to Anna W., 
daughter of George and Isabelle (Drew) Whip- 
ple of Burlington, Iowa. He became prominent 
as chairman of the Gentile party of Salt Lake 
city in the great campaign against the Mormons 
in 1889-90, when Salt Lake city was first carried 
by the Gentiles; was elected as Gentile Demo- 
cratic representative to the Democratic national 
convention of 1892; wasa member of the Utah 
territorial legislature, 1898-94; chairman of the 
Democratic state committee of Utah, 1895-96, 
and a delegate from Utah to the Democratic 
national convention of 1896, where he placed in 
nomination Senator John W. Daniel of Virginia 
for Vice-President. He took a prominent part in 
the campaign of 1896, speaking in all the west- 
ern and northwestern states. His name was 
presented as a candidate for U.S. senator in 1897 
and 1899, and the legislature failing to elect in 
1899, he was appointed U.S. senator in 1900 by 
Acting-Governor Nebeker to fill the vacancy, but 
declined, preferring to continue as a practising 
attorney at Salt Lake city. He is the author of: 
Chancery Pleadings and Practice, (1882), and 
Practice in the Supreme Court of Michigan (1884). 

POWERS, Preston, sculptor, was born in 
Florence, Italy, April3, 1848 ; son of Hiram (q.v.) 
and Elizabeth (Gibson) Powers. He learned the 
art of modeling from his father, devoting himself 
principally to busts and statues, 1867-73. He was 
married, April 16, 1872, to Henrietta Winslow, 
daughter of Alford and Ann (Rebecca) Dyer of 
Portland, Maine. He executed the statue of 
Jacob Collamer in 1875, placed in Statuary Hall, 
Washington, D.C., and that of Reuben Springer 
in 1881, placed in Music Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
He also made portrait busts of Louis Agassiz 
(1874), in the museum, Cambridge, Mass.; John 
G. Whittier (1874), in the library at Haverhill, 
Mass., and a replica in the Boston public library ; 
Charles Sumner (1874), in Bowdoin college; 
Ulysses S. Grant (1874), in the war department 
at Washington, D.C.; Emanuel Swedenborg 
(1876), and Langdon Cheves (1876). His ideal 
works include: Maud Miitller (1876); busts of 
Evangeline (1876) and Peasant Girl (1878); Bison 
and Indian (bronze, 1892), and Romola (18938). 
His Bison and Indian, which was placed in the 
Capitol grounds at Denvor, Col., was the subject 
of Whittier’s poem ‘‘ A Closing Era.” Mr. Powers 
was the originator of the intaglio portrait medal- 
lions (1896) for which he received from King 
Humbert of Italy the cross of the Knights of 
Italy, motu proprio, 


POWERS 


POWERS, Ridgley Ceylon, governor of Mis- 
sissippi, was born in Mecca, Ohio, Dec. 24, 18386 ;. 
son of Milo and Lucy (Dickenson) Powers ; grand- 
son of Jacob and Nancy (Pumfryy) Powers and 
of Samuel and Elizabeth (Ensign) Dickenson ;. 
and a descendant of the New 
Jersey branch of the Powers 
family dating back to Solo- 
mon Powers of the May- | 
flower, and of the Dickensons, \ 
early settlers in Connecticut. 
He was educated at Western 
Reserve seminary, taught 
school in Illinois, attended the University of 
Michigan, 1859-62, and was graduated from Union 
college, A.B., 1862, with highest honors, receiving 
the ist Blatchford prize ; A.M., 1865. He studied 
law, and at the opening of the civil war entered 
the Federal army; was promoted captain in the 
125th Ohio infantry, and lieutenant-colonel by 
brevet, and later assistant adjutant-general, 2d 
division, 4th army corps. At the close of the war 
he settled in Mississippi ; entered politics, became 
lieutenant-governor of Mississippi in 1870 and was 
governor of the state, 1872-74. He lived in Macon, 
Miss., in 1875, and in 1879 became a resident of 
Prescott, Ariz. He was married first, May 5, 1875, 
to Louisa, daughterof Charles P. and Alice Bohn 
of Cleveland, Ohio; and secondly, Oct. 27, 1892, 
to Mary J., daughter of Thomas and Anna (Reid) 
Wilson of Cleveland, Ohio. 

POWERS, Samuel Leland, representative, was 
born in Cornish, N.H., Oct. 26, 1848; son of Lar- 
ned and Ruby M. Powers. He attended Kimball 
Union academy and Phillips Exeter academy, 
N.H., and was graduated from Dartmouth col- 
lege, A.B., 1874, receiving the Lockwood prizes 
for oratory and composition. He taught school 
in Cape Cod ; studied law inthe University of the 
City of New York, and in the law office of Verry 
and Gaskell, Worcester, Mass.; was admitted 
to the Worcester county bar in November, 1875, 
and began practice in Boston, January, 1876, sub- 
sequently acting as the legal representative of 
the New England Telephone and Telegraph com- 
pany, 1876. He was a delegate to the Inter- 
national Treaty convention at Paris in 1878. 
He was married in June, 1878, to Eva C. Crowell 
of Dennis, Mass., and in 1882 made his home 
in Newton, Mass., where he was _ president 
of the common council, and member of the 
school board. In 1886 he served as chairman of 
the Republican committee in the ninth congres- 
sional district; was Republican representative 
from the eleventh district to the 57th congress, 
1901-03, and was re-elected from the twelfth 
district in 1902 to the 58th congress, for the term 
expiring March 3, 1905. He founded a scholarship 
at Dartmouth, and the Dartmouth Educational 


[382] 






















































POYDRAS 

association ; was president of the Kimball Union 
Alumni Association of Massachusetts and of the 
Dartmouth club of Boston; a member of the 
pe Light Guards and First Corps Cadets, and 
a life-member of the Veteran Cadet Corps, Mass- 
Pchinsetts militia. He is the author of several 
~ Memorial Day orations. 

~ POYDRAS DE LALANDE, Julien, delegate, 
was born in Nantes, France, April 3, 1746. 
The young Protestant Frenchman went to Santo 
~ Domingo, and thence to Louisiana about 1761, and 
was disappointed when in 1762 the territory was 
transferred to Spain. He had sufficient capital to 
“stock a pedlar’s pack with salable goods, and he 
traveled through the outlying parishes of New 
Orleans, disposing of his wares. It was not long 
before his possessions became numerous and his 
home a hospitable mansion where he entertained 
lavishly, numbering among his distinguished 
guests, the Duke of Orleans in 1798. He was 
delegate from the territory of Orleans to the 11th 
and 12th congresses, having succeeded Daniel 
Clark, and served from May 31, 1809, to the ad- 
mission of the state of Louisiana, April 30, 1812. 
His benefactions were princely for his time. He 
founded an asylum for orphan boys: bequeathed 
~ $40,000 to the Charity Hospital, New Orleans ; 
— gave $30,000 to establish a college for orphan 
boys in his parish of Pointe Coupee; $30.000 to 
the parish of Baton Rouge, and $30,000 to the 
parish of Pointe Coupee, the annual interest to 
be given to young girls of the respective parishes 
without fortune, who should marry within the 
year. Before he died he made a fruitless effort 
_ to give freedom to his slaves. He is the author 
_ of: A Defence of the Right of the Public to the 
_ Batture of New Orleans (1809); Further Observa- 
tions in Support of the Right of the Public to the 
; Batture of New Orleans (1809), and an Address to 
the Legislature on the same subject. He died at 
his home in the parish of Pointe Coupee, La., 
June 25, 1824, 

POYNTER, William Amos, governor of Ne- 
braska, was born in Eureka, IIl., May 29, 1848; 

son of the Rev. William Chadian and Huldah 
prene (Watkins) Poynter; grandson of John and 
; Martha Poynter and of War- 
ren and Nancy Watkins, 
and a descendant of English 
ancestors. He was graduated 
from Eureka college in 1867, 
and engaged in farming and 
stock growing in Albion, 

Neb. He was married, Oct. 
12 2, 1869, to Maria, daughter of Joseph and Cynthia 
Ia eCorkle of Eureka, Ill. He wasa representative 
n the Nebraska legislature, 1885; a state senator 
esident pro tempore of that body, 1891; the 
ndependent candidate from the third congres- 


ae 


and p 


PRANG 


sional district of Nebraska for representative in 
the 53d congress in 18938, and was defeated by 
George D. Meiklejohn, Republican ; a member 
of the Nebraska state commission for the Trans- 
Mississippi exposition, 1898; governor of Ne- 
braska, 1899-1901, and on Jan. 1, 1901, was elec- 
ted supreme commander of the American Order 
of Protection. 

PRANG, Louis, art publisher, was born in 
Breslau, Germany, March 12, 1824; son of Louis 
Nicholas and Rosina (Scherman) Prang. He 
was educated in the public schools of Breslau, 
1829-38, and in the latter year entered a factory, 
where he fitted to superintend the manufacture 
of print cloth. He was married Novy. 1, 1841, to 
Rosa Gerber of Berne, Switzerland. During 
1844-48 he traveled through the manufacturing 
districts of Europe to study the varying methods 
of dyeing and calico printing, with a view to 
establishing a factory in Bohemia. He took part 
in the Revolutionary movement in Germany in 
1848, and in consequence was forced to leave the 
country. In April, 1850, he settled in Boston, 
Mass., where, failing to obtain employment in 
his previous calling, he established himself first 
as publisher of monumental drawings, and in 
1851 as a wood engraver. In 1856 he opened a 
lithographic establishment under the firm name 
of Prang and Mayer, and in 1860 became the sole 
owner of the business, making a specialty of 
color printing and becoming prominent as the 
publisher of Christmas cards and other art pub- 
lications. He inaugurated the offering of prizes 
for original designs, and wielded a considerable 
influence in directing the public taste of America 
toward things artistic. He began the publica- 
tion of drawing books for the public schools in 
1874, and organized the Prang Educational com- 
pany of Boston in 1881, to which this branch of 
his business was transferred. Mr. Prang made a 
lifelong study of color in relation to printing 
and to the arts in general. Probably his most 
important work in color printing was the making 
of the color plates illustrating Mr. W. T. Walters’ 
Collection of Oriental Porcelains, published under 
the title : ‘‘ Walters’ Collection” (of Oriental pot- 
tery) (1899). In 1899 he retired from business, 
consolidating his lithographic establishment with 
another publishing house under the name of the 
Taber Prang Art company. He was married, 
secondly, April 15, 1900, to Mrs. Mary (Dana) 
Hicks of Boston, Mass. He is the author of: 
The Prang Standard of Color (1898), and the 
joint author of Suggestions for Color Instruction 
(1893). 

PRANG, Mary (Dana) Hicks, art educator, 
was born in Syracuse, N.Y., Oct. 7, 18386; daughter 
of Major and Agnes Amelia (Johnson) Dana; 
granddaughter of Major and Mary (Nood) Dana 


(333] 


PRATT 


and of Benjamin and Lydia (Stearns) Johnson, 
and a descendant of Richard Dana, who came to 
Cambridge, Mass., in 1640. She was graduated 
from Allen seminary, Rochester, N.Y., in 1852, 
and later pursued special studies at Harvard and 
at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. She was 
married in Syracuse, N.Y., Oct. 7, 1856, to Charles 
Spencer Hicks, who died in 1858. She was presi- 
dent of the Social Art club, Syracuse, 1875-80 ; 
director of the Prang Normal Art classes, 1877- 
1900, and was married secondly, April 15, 1900, 
to Louis Prang (q.v.) of Boston, Mass. She was 
president of the Massachusetts Floral Emblem 
society, 1898-1901, and a member of numerous 
philanthropic, progressive, educational and social 
clubs. Her published works include: The Use of 
Models (with John S. Clark, 1886); Form Study 
without Clay (1887); The Prang Two Courses in 
Form Study and Drawing and an Elementary 
Course in Art Instruction (with John §S. Clark 
and Walter S. Perry (1886-1900); Suggestions for 
Color Instruction (with John S. Clark and Louis 
Prang, 1893); Art Instruction for Children in 
Primary Schools (2 vols., 1900), and many contri- 
butions to educational and art periodicals. 
PRATT, Calvin Edward, soldier and jurist, 
was born in Princeton, Mass., Jan. 23, 1828; son 
of Eben (or Edward) A. and Miriaime (Stratton) 
Pratt ; grandson of Capt. Joshua Pratt of Shrews- 
bury, Mass., and of Samuel Stratton of Princeton, 
who settled in Plymouth, Mass., about 1622. He 
attended Wilbraham and Worcester academies ; 
taught school in Uxbridge, Sutton and Worcester, 
Mass., studied law and was admitted to the bar 
in 1852. He was married to Miss Ruggles of 
Rochester, Mass. ; practised in Worcester, 1852- 
59, and in Brooklyn, N.Y., 1859-61, and studied 
forensic medicine. He was a member of the 
Massachusetts Democratic Central committee 
and a delegate from Massachusetts to the Demo- 
cratic National convention at Cincinnati, June 2, 
1856. He belonged to the Massachusetts infantry, 
and at the opening of the civil war organized the 
dist N.Y. volunteers, led them in the battle of 
Bull Run and was promoted colonel. He was 
wounded “in the face by a bullet at the battle of 
Gaines’s Mill, June 27, 1862 ; was promoted briga- 
dier-general of volunteers, Sept. 10, 1862 ; com- 
manded a brigade at Antietam, Fredericksburg 
and Chancellorsville, and resigned from service, 
April 1, 1863. He was a lawyer in Brooklyn, 
N.Y., 1859-61, 1863-69 and 1891-95; collector of 
internal revenue, 1865-66; judge of the supreme 
court of New York, 1869-91; associate judge of 
the appellate division of the supreme court, 1895- 
96. He died in Rochester, Mass., Aug. 3, 1896. 
PRATT, Charles, philanthropist, was born at 
Watertown, Mass., Oct. 2, 1830; son of Asa and 
Kliza (Stone) Pratt ; grandson of Jacob Pratt of 


PRATT 


Malden, Mass., and a descendant of Richard Pratt, 
who, emigrated from Essex, England, to America 
and settled at Malden, Mass. He attended the 
academy at Wilbraham, Mass., one year; in 1849 
engaged as a clerk in a paint and oil store in Bos- 
ton, and afterward became a member of the firm 
of Reynolds, Devoe and Pratt in New York city. 
He was twice married; first, in 1854, to Lydia 
Ann, daughter of Thomas Richardson of Belmont, 
Mass., and had one son, Charles Millard (q.v.), 
and one daughter, Lydia Richardson. His first 
wife died in 1861, and he married in 1863, her 
sister, Mary Helen Richardson, by whom he had 
five sonsand one daughter. He purchased the oil 
part of the business, subsequently built a petro- 
leum refinery at Greenpoint, N.Y., where he man- 
ufactured Pratt’s Astral Oil under the firm name 
of Charles Pratt & Co., which later became the 
Pratt Manufacturing company and was finally 
absorbed by the Standard Oil company, in which 
he was a director and officer. He was a trustee 
of Adelphi academy, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1867-91 ; 
president of the board, 1879-91, and in 1886 con- 
tributed $160,000 for a new building. He founded 
the Pratt Institute at Brooklyn in 1887, established 
as an industrial, manual and training school ; 
built the tenement known as the ‘ Astral,” its 
income to be used for the benefit of the Institute, 
and left an endowment of $2,000,000, at his 
death. The administration of the institute was 


continued by his sons, Charles Millard Pratt, 


George D. Pratt, Herbert L. Pratt, John T. Pratt 
and Frederic B. Pratt, who constituted a board 
of trustees. Inanaddress made on Founder’s day 
1891, hesaid: ‘‘ The giving that counts is the giv- 
ing of one’s self.” His many charities included 
the establishment of the Asa Pratt fund fora free 
reading room in Watertown, Mass., in memory 
of his father, and his large contribution to the 
erection of the Emmanuel Baptist -church of 
Brooklyn, of which he was a member. He died 
in New York city, May 4, 1891. 

PRATT, Charles Millard, educationist, was 
born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Nov. 2, 1855; son of 
Charles (q.v.)and Lydia Ann (Richardson) Pratt. 
He was graduated at Adelphi academy in 1875 
and at Amherst in 1879. He entered his father’s 


business, and on May 8, 1884, married Mary Sey- | 


mour, daughter of Governor Luzon B. Morris 
(q.v.). He became a director and secretary of the 
Standard Oil company, of the Long Island rail- 
road and of the Boston and Maine railroad, and 
director of Mechanics’ National bank and of the 
Brooklyn Trust Co. In 1891, on the death of 
his father, he was elected president of the board 
of trustees of Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, N.Y., 
his brother, Frederic B. Pratt, serving as secretary 
and treasurer. Heserved as a trustee of Amherst 
college and of Vassar college. 


[334 J 


~ 








ook Fs TS i sa 




















































PRATT 


PRATT, Daniel Darwin, senator, was born in 
Palermo, Maine, Oct. 26, 1813. His parents 
removed to New York state during his childhood, 
and he was graduated from Hamilton college in 
1831. He taught school in Indiana, 1832; was 
employed in the office of the secretary of state at 
Indianapolis; studied law, 1834-36, and practised 
in Logansport, Ind. He was a member of the 
state legislature in 1851 and 1853; a delegate to 
the Republican national convention of 1860, 
where he acted as chief secretary, and was elected 
‘a Republican representative from the eighth 
‘Indiana district to the 4lst congress, but before 
the congress met he was elected U.S. senator to 
succeed Thomas A. Hendricks. He served in 
the senate, 1869-75, and was commissioner of 
internal revenue, 1875-76, resigning, July, 1876. 
He received the honorary degree LL.D. from 
- Hamilton college in 1872. He died at Logans- 
port, Ind., June 17, 1877. 
PRATT, Enoch, philanthropist, was born in 
North Middleborough, Mass., Sept. 10, 1808 ; son 
of Isaac and Naomi (Keith) Pratt, anda descend- 
ant of Phinehas Pratt, who was born in England, 
1590; came to this country in the ship Sparrow, 
landing at Plymouth, 
Mass., 1621, and 
died in Charlestown, 
Mass., April 19, 1680. 
Enoch Pratt was 
graduated at Bridge- 
water academy in 
1823; entered  busi- 
ness in Boston, and 
in 1831 removed 
to Baltimore, Md., 
where he engaged 
first as a commission 
merchant and sub- 
sequently in the iron 
business. He was 
married, Aug. 1, 1837, 
: Pie nia Louisa Hyde of Baltimore. He was 
Pp esident of the Farmers’ and Planters’ bank, 
Ba imore, Md., for many years, and through his 
wholesale iron business and other enterprises he 
acd quired an estate of about $5,000,000. He gave 
te farm of 750 acres at Cheltenham, Md., as a site 
fora house of reformation and ipeiactod for 
_ colored children and endowed an academy at Mid- 
caaalegdan Mass., with $30,000. He served as 
ance commissioner of Baltimore, and as pre- 
‘sident of the board of directors of the Maryland 
_ School for the Deaf, at Frederick city. Besides 
“many other generous gifts, he gave Baltimore a 
central public library building, and an endow- 
nt of $833,333.33 for the maintenance of the 
och Pratt Free Library of the City of Balti- 
more. The building and endowment, costing the 





PRATT 


donor in all $1,148,000 were conveyed to the city, 
July 2, 1883, the library being formally opened to 
the public, Jan. 4, 1886. Mr. Pratt bequeathed 
$100,000 to Meadville (Pa.) Theological school ; 
$10,000 to the Boys’ Home in Baltimore, and on 
condition of its adopting the name ‘ Sheppard 
and Enoch Pratt Hospital,” he left his residuary 
estate to the Sheppard asylum, Baltimore. He 
was a prominent member of the Unitarian church, 
He died at Tivoli, Md., Sept. 17, 1896. 

PRATT, John, educator, was born in Thomp- 
son, Conn., Oct. 12, 1800. He was brought up on 
a farm, worked in a mill and fitted himself for a 
school teacher. He was prepared for college at 
Amherst (Mass.) academy, 1820-21; spent over 
three years at Columbia college, Washington, 
D.C., 1821-24, and was graduated from Brown 
university, A.B., 1827, A.M., 1880. He was a 
student at Newton Theological institution for 
twenty months, 1827-81; was an instructor in 
languages at Transylvania college, Kentucky, 
1828-29 ; was ordained to the Baptist ministry, 
May 12, 1830, and was pastor of First church, 
New Haven, Conn., 1829-30; principal of the 
academy at South Reading, Mass., forsix months, 
1830-31, and in 1831 was elected president of the 
Granville (Ohio) Literary and Theological in- 
stitute, incorporated in 1833 as Denison university. 
He rescued the school from bankruptcy and was 
its president, 1831-37, meantime serving as pro- 
fessor of theology, 1835-37. On resigning the 
presidency in 1837, he accepted the chair of Greek 
and Latinand resigned that chair in 1859. He 
received the degree D.D. from Denison university, 
Ohio, in 1878. He was married first, in 1830, to 
Mary Glover Cory of Rhode Island, and secondly, 
in 1855, to Susan C. Wheeler of Licking county, 
Ohio. He died on his farm near Granville, 
Ohio, Jan. 4, 1882. 

PRATT, Orson, Mormon leader, was born in 
Hartford, N.Y., Sept. 19, 1811; son of Jared and 
Charity (Dickineon) Pratt ; grandson of Obadiah 
and Jemima (Tolls) Pratt, and a descendant of 
Lieut. William Pratt, the immigrant. He was 
liberally educated ; joined the Mormon church, 
Sept. 19, 1830; was ordained elder by Joseph 
Smith in the same month, and high priest in 
1832. He traveled in the United States, Canada 
and Great Britain, and was chosen one of the 
twelve apostles of the church in 1835, being tenth 
inorder of the quorum. He was married, July 4 
1836, to Sarah Marinda, daughter of Cyrus Bates 
of Henderson, N.Y. He preceded the main body 
of pioneers into Salt Lake Valley in 1847, and 
was president of all the churches of the Latter- 
day Saints in Great Britain and the adjacent 
countries, 1848-50, the number of church mem- 
bers being increased from 18,000 to 36,000 during 
his administration. He edited The Millenial Star 


y | 3 [335] 


PRATT 


at Manchester, Eng.; returned to Utah in 1851, 
and was a representative in the territorial legis- 
lature for several years, serving repeatedly as 
speaker. While on a mission to Washington, 
D.C., in 1852-53 he edited and published eighteen 
issues of a monthly entitled The Seer. He was 
president of the churches in the United States 
and in the British Province east of the Rocky 
Mountains. In 1854 he published his discovery 
of the law of planetary rotation, namely, that the 
cubic roots of the densities of planets vary ag the 
square roots of their periods of rotation. He 
went on an unsuccessful mission to Austria in 
1865 ; was appointed professor of mathematics in 
Deseret university, Utah, in 1869, and church 
historian and general church recorder in 1874. 
He held a notable discussion on polygamy with 
Dr. John P. Newman in 1870. He is the author 
of : The Prophetic Almanac (1845); Divine Authen- 
ticity of the Book of Mormons (6 parts); Series of 
Pamphlets on Mormonism, with Two Discussions 
(1851); Patriarchal Order, or Plurality of Wives 
(1853); Cubic and Biquadratic Equations (1866); 
Key to the Universe (1879); The Great First 
Cause; The Absurdities of Immaterialism, and 
many religious pamphlets. He left in MS. 
Lectures on Astronomy and Differential Calculus, 
and at the time of his death was engaged. in a 
work entitled A New System of the Universe. He 
died in Salt Lake city, Utah, Oct. 3, 1881. 
PRATT, Parley Parker, Mormon leader, was 
born in Burlington, N.Y., April 12, 1807; son of 
Jared and Charity (Dickinson) Pratt. He received 
a common school education, and was married, 
Sept. 9, 1827, to Thankful (Halsey), Halsey of 
Canaan, N.Y. He became a Baptist preacher, 
but was converted to Mormonism in 1830. He 
was chosen one of the first quorum of the twelve 
apostles in 1835, and traveled widely in the 
United States in his efforts to make converts, 
numbering among them John Taylor (q.v.) in 
1836. He was imprisoned by the local authorities 
in Far West, Mo., for seven months in 1839; 
finally escaped and joined the sect at Quincy, 
Ill., and visited England on a mission in 1840 and 
1846, during the former year establishing and 
editing The Millenial Star at Manchester. He 
was one of the first to explore the Great Salt Lake 
Valley in 1847 and 1849, Parley’s Cafionand 
Parley’s Peak being named in his honor. He 
served in the territorial legislature of Utah and as- 
sisted in forming a constitution for the provisional 
government of Deseret. He made a proselyting 
tour to the Pacific coast in 1851 and 1854, and 
while on a like mission eastward in 1856, was as- 
sassinated. He translated the Book of Mormon 
into Spanish, preparatory to a second visit to 
South America; published several pamphlets, 
and is the author of: The Voice of Warning and 


PRATT 


Instruction to all People, or an Introduction to 
the Faith and Doctrine of the Latter Day Saints 
(1837); History of the Persecutions in Missouri 
(1889); Key to the Science of Theoiogy (1854). He 
was killed near Van Buren, Ark., May 13, 1857. 

PRATT, Robert M., portrait painter, was 
born at Binghamton, N.Y., March 21, 1811; son 
of Zenas und Sally (Sabin) Pratt; grandson of 
Elias and Patience (Clark) Pratt, and a descen- 
dant of Lieut. William Pratt. He studied art 
under Samuel F. B. Morse and Charles C. Ing- 
ham, and established himself in New York city 
as a portrait and flower painter. He was elected 
an associate of the National Academy of Design 
in 1849 andan academician in1851. His portraits 
include ; Aaron D. Shattuck (1859), and George H. 
Smillie (1865), both owned by the National Acad- 
emy. He died in New York city, Aug. 31, 1880. 

PRATT, Samuel Wheeler, author, was born in 
Livonia, N.Y., Sept. 9, 1838; son of George 
Franklin and Sarah Ann (Wilcox) Pratt; grand- 
son of George and Charlotte (Risdon) Pratt and 
of Abner and Sally (Horton) Wilcox, and a 
descendant of Lieut. William Pratt, who came 
to Cambridge, Mass., in 1633 and removed to 
Hartford, Conn.,in 16386. He was graduated 
from Geneseo academy, 1856, from Williams col- 
lege in 1860, and from Auburn Theological 
seminary in 1863 ; and was ordained by the pres- 
bytery of St. Lawrence in July, 1863. He was 
married, Aug. 12, 1863, to Lucillia Bates, daughter 
of Alfred and Ann (Beals) Field of Canandaigua, 
N.Y. He was pastor at Brasher Falls, N.Y., 
1863-1867; at Hammonton, N.J., 1867-71; at 
Prattsburg, N.Y., 1872-77, and at Campbell, N.Y., 
1877-83 ; at Monroe, Mich., 1883-89 ; moderator of 
the Synod of Geneva, 1878, and vice-moderator 
of the Synod of Michigan, 1889. He was married 
secondly, Feb. 
daughter of James Stuart and Hester McKay of 
Campbell, N.Y. He served as a commissioner of 
Auburn Theological seminary, 1875-83 and 1893- 
99, as a synodical examiner of Elmira college, 
1877-83 and after 1892; as correspondent and editor 
of the Christian Endeavor department of the 
New York Evangelist, 1890-98, and correspondent 
under the pen names ‘‘ Steuben ” and ‘‘ Wheeler ” 
after 1873. He received the honorary degree of 
D.D. from Williams college in 1902. He is the 
author of: A Summer at Peuce Cottage (1880); 
The Gospel of the Holy Spirit (1888); Life and 
Epistles of St. Paul Harmonized and Arranged 
in Chronological Order (1895), and The House- 
hold of Timothy (MS., 1903). 

PRATT, Thomas George, governor of Mary- 
land, was born in Georgetown, D.C., Feb. 18, 
1804; a descendant of Thomas and Eleanor 
(Magruder) Pratt of Prince George county, Md. 
He was educated at Georgetown college, and 


[336] 


25, 1880, to Sarah Margaret,. 


sept 








a 


ae aia ee. oo 









PRATT 


opened an office for the practice of law in Upper 
Marlborough, Md., in 1823. He was married to 
Adelaide, daughter of Governor Joseph Kent of 
Maryland. He was a representative from Prince 
George county in the Maryland legislature, 1832- 
85; a Harrison elector for the 
eighth district of Maryland 
in the electoral college of 
1837 ; president of the last ex- 
ecutive council of Maryland 
in 1837, and a state senator, 
1838-44. Hewas governor of 
Maryland, 1844-47, and during 
his term of office established the financial stand- 
ing of the state. He resumed the practice of law 
in Annapolis, Md., in 1848, and was elected U.S. 
senator to succeed D. Stewart, appointed admin- 
istrator to complete the term of Reverdy John- 
son (q.v.), resigned. Senator Pratt was re-elected 
for a full term, 1851-57. He supported the Con- 
federacy during the civil war and was confined 
for a few weeks in Fort Monroe. He was a 
delegate to the Democratic national convention, 
1864, and the Union convention, Philadelphia, 
1866. He died in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 9, 1869. 
PRATT, Waldo Selden, musician and educa- 
tor, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 10, 1857 ; 





son of the Rev. Dr. Lewellyn and Sarah Putnam 


(Gulliver) Pratt; grandson of Selden Mather 
and Rebecca Clark (Nott) Pratt and of John 
and Sarah (Putnam) Gulliver, anda descendant 
of Lieut. William Pratt of Saybrook, Conn.; 
Serg. John Nott of Wethersfield, Conn.; Alice 
Southworth (second wife of Governor Bradford), 
and Lemuel Gulliver, Milton, Mass. He grad- 
uated from Williams college, A.B., 1878, A.M., 
1881 ; was a student at Johns Hopkins university, 
1878-80, and fellow in esthetics and the history 
of art there, 1879-80; was assistant director of 
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York city, 
1880-82, and in the latter year removed to Hart- 
ford, Conn., to become professor of ecclesiastical 
music and hymnology at the Hartford Theolo- 
gical seminary. He was also organist of the 
Asylum Hill Congregational church, and con- 
ductor of the Hosmer Hall Choral union, Hart- 
ford, 1882-91; was conductor of the St. Cecilia 
club, 1884-88 ; registrar of Hartford Theological 
seminary, 1888-95; in 1891 became instructor in 
elocution, Trinity college, Hartford; in 1895 
lecturer on musical history and science at Smith 
college, Northampton, Mass., and was lecturer at 
Mt. Holyoke college, 1896-99. He was married, 
July 5, 1887, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of 
Mary (Richmond) Smyly of New York city. He 
was elected a member of the Music Teachers’ 
National association and of the International 
Society of Musicians, and honorary vice-president 
of the American Guild of Organists. In 1898 he 


PRATT 


received the degree of Mus.D., honoris causa, 
from Syracuse university. He edited : St. Nicholas 
Songs (1885); Songs of Worship (1887); was 
musical editor of Aids to Common Worship (1887), 
and of the Century Dictionary (1892); is the 
author of: Musical Ministries in the Church 
(1901), and contributions to cyclopedias and 
periodicals, 

PRATT, Zadock, representative, was born in 
Stephenstown, Rensselaer county, N.Y., Oct. 3, 
1790 ; son of Zadock and Hannah (Pickett) Pratt; 
grandson of Zephaniah and Abigail Pratt, and 
of Benjamin Pickett of New Milford, Conn., 
and a descendant of 
Lieut. William Pratt, 
the immigrant 1633. 
He assisted his father 
who, besides being 
a tanner and_ shoe- 
maker, carried on a 
small farm, and in 
1810 he invented a 
pump, which came 
into general use in 
the tanning business. 
He became an inde- 
pendent saddler and 
harness-maker in 1813; 
was called to join the 
forces raised by Gov- 





£ far 


ernor Tompkins for the defence of New York 
in 1814, and in 1815, in partnership with his 


brothers, conducted a tannery in Lexington, 
which was removed in 1824 to Scohariekill, 
Greene county, and became the nucleus of the 
town of Prattsville. He was actively influen- 
tial in establishing other tanneries throughout 


‘the state, and received the first silver medal 


awarded by the New York Institute for hemlock 
sole leather in 1837. He retired from business in 
1845 and engaged in farming the following year. 
He was colonel of the 116th New York infantry, 
1823-26; astate senator in 1830; a presidential 
elector on the Van Buren and Johnson ticket in 
1836, and a Democratic representative from the 
eighth New York district in the 25th and 28th con- 
gresses, 1837-39 and 1843-45. He wasanadvocate 
of cheap postage and of the gratuitous distribu- 
tion of foreign seeds to the farmersof the United 
States; submitted the plans and estimates for 
the new general post-office in Washington, which 
were adopted, and organized the national bureau 
of statistics. He established and was president 
of the bank at Prattsville in 1843, was a delegate 
to the Democratic national convention of 1852, 
and a presidential elector on the Pierce and King 
ticket in 1852. He was an extensive traveler, a 
lecturer, president of several industrial institu- 
tions and a liberal contributor to religious and 


[337] 


PRAY 


charitable organizations. He was married first, 
Oct. 6, 1817, to Beda Dickerman ; secondly, Oct. 
2, 1821, to Esther Dickerman; thirdly, Jan. 12, 
1828, to Abigail P., daughter of Wheeler Watson 
of South Kingston, R.I., and fourthly, March 16, 
1835, to Mary E. Watson. His son, George 
Watson (born April 18, 1830, a graduate of the 
University of Erlangen, Bavaria, Ph.D., colonel 
20th regiment New York state militia, promoted 
brigadier-general) was killed at the battle of Bull 
Run, July 21, 1861. Zadock Pratt died at Bergen, 
N.J., April 6, 1871. 

PRAY, Isaac Clark, actor and playwright, was 
born in Boston, Mass., May 15, 1813. He matri- 
culated at Harvard and was graduated at Am- 
herst, A.B., 1838, A.M., 1836, meanwhile writing 
extensively for the press. He was editor in 
Boston of the Pearl, 1834-35, and of the Herald, 
1835-36, being also for a time associated with 
the New York Journal of Commerce, while 
manager of the National theatre, New York city, 
1836. His tragedy ‘‘ Guiletta Gordoni” was pro- 
duced there with Sarah Hildreth, whom he sub- 
sequently aided in her professional training, in the 
leading réle. Healso directed the stage training 
of Charlotte Cushman and other theatrical cele- 
brities. He dramatized the farce, ‘‘The Old 
Clock, or Here She Goes, There She Goes,” based 
upon his original story published in the Sunday 
Morning News, which journal, together with the 
Dramatie Guardian and the Ladies’ Companion, 
he edited. In 1846, while on a tour in England, 
he replaced William Betty in ‘‘ Alexander the 
Great” at the Queen’s theatre, London, and soon 
after was engaged to open the Theatre Royal in 
Liverpool, where he appeared successively as 
Othello, Hamlet, Romeo, Sir Giles Overreach, 
Macbeth and Claude Melnotte. He was manager 
for several months of the Theatre Royal, and 
returned to the United States in May, 1847. He 
wrote the first and fifth acts of ‘‘The Corsican 
Brothers” as played at the Astor Place opera 
house, and was manager of the Beach Street 
museum, Boston, 1849-50. He accepted an 
editorial position on the New York Herald, 1850, 
acting also as musical and dramatic critic; 
became stage manager for Laura Keene in 1854; 
conducted the Philadelphia Inquirer, 1859-60, and 
just previous to his death managed the Bateman 
companies of French artists. He is the author 
of; Prose and Verse (1835); Poems (1887); Book 
of the Drama (1851); Memoirs of James Gordon 
Bennett (1855); and the plays: Pactus Caccina 
(1847); The Hermit of Malta (1856), and The Fe- 
male Forty Thieves. He died in New York city, 
Nov. 28, 1869. 

PREBLE, Edward, naval officer, was born 
in Portland, Maine, Aug. 15, 1761; son of Gen. 
Jedediah and Mehitable (Bangs) Preble ; grand- 


PREBLE 


son of Benjamin and Mary (Baston) Preble and 
of Capt. Joshua Bangs, and great-grandson of 
Abraham Preble, who emigrated to old Plymouth 
colony from Kent, England, in 1636, and after 
marriage to Judith Tilden removed to York (then 
called Gorgiana or 
Agamenticus), Maine, 
where he was the first 
mayor of the city, 
one of the magis- 
trates and a judge of 
the court ; for several 
years commissioner 
for York county, then 
embracing the whole 
territory of Maine; 
county treasurer, and 
took an active part in 
favor of the assump- 
tion of jurisdiction 
over Maine on the 
part of Massachu- 
setts, being appointed to the office of judge 
under the authority of Massachusetts. Edward 
Preble was sent to school, but to prevent his 
running away, his father, a zealous patriot, 
obtained for him a midshipman’s warrant in the 
Massachusetts State Marine, sent out to prevent 
the depredations of British privateers on the 
coast of New England. He was promoted mid- 
shipman in 1779, and was on board the Protec- 
tor, Captain Williams, when that vessel caused 
the Admiral Duff to strike her colors. In his 
second cruise with the Protector, the ship was 
captured by a British frigate and the officers 
were carried to England and impressed at Ply- 
mouth, but young Preble was taken to NewYork, 
released and returned to his home. He reported 
the disaster to the Massachusetts provincial con- 
gress and was promoted first heutenant, and when 
Lieut. George Little of the Protector escaped: in 
1781, and was given command of the Winthrop, 
Preble was made his second officer. He was 
entrusted with the daring exploit of boarding a. 
British ship in the harbor at Castine, Maine, and. 
with fourteen men captured the ship and carried. 
her out of Penobscot harbor in spite of the rigor- 
ous cannonade of the land batteries, returning 
with his prize to Boston harbor. Peace was de- 
clared in 1783, and Lieutenant Preble returned 
to the merchant service. On the formation of 
the American navy in 1798, he was made lieuten- 
ant, April 9, 1798, was given command of the 
U.S. brig Pickering, January, 1799, and took 
part in protecting American merchantmen from 
French picaroons. He was commissioned cap- 
tain, May 15, 1799, and commanded the U.S. 
frigate Essex, 36 guns, on a cruise to the East. 
Indies and China to protect American trade. 


[338] 

















PREBLE 


He was married in 1801 to Mary Deering. He 
was promoted commodore of the Mediterranean 
squadron in June, 1803, as successor to Commo- 
be dore Rodgers, and hoisted his broad pennant on 

the frigate Constitution, the squadron includ- 
ing, besides 









THE FRIGATE Be 
CONSTITUTION, the flagship, 


the Phila- 
delphia, Ar- 
gus, Sy- 
ren, Via- 
en. Nautilus 
and Enter- 
“Lah prise:, . He 

aS B=~entered the 
a7 SS oeF Me diterra- 
nean, Sept. 12, 1803, and on Oct. 5, 1803, was 
joined in the bay of Tangiers by the frigates 
New York and John Adams, under Commodore 
Rodgers. The Constitution was accompanied 
only by the brig Nautilus. On October 10, 
after giving directions in case of accident or 
destruction, he went on shore with U.S. Consul 
Simpson, his secretary, Charles Morris, and two 
midshipmen, and in an audience with the Em- 
peror of Morocco, he secured the release of all 
the captured American vessels and renewed the 
treaty of 1786. This was the first time the Em- 
peror had been compelled to respect the Ameri- 
ean republic, and it resulted in the removal of 
all obstructions to American commerce with the 
Moors. While Preble was thus engaged, the 
frigate Philadelphia, Captain Bainbridge, was 
boarded, and the officers and crew carried on 
shore and imprisoned in the castle, and when 
Preble arrived off the place, Dec. 17, 1803, he 
received letters from her imprisoued commander, 
Bainbridge, who suggested that the Philadelphia 
be destroyed. Preble dispatched Decatur and 
other volunteers on the dangerous expedition, 
and they boarded and fired the Philadelphia at 


night, accomplishing her destruction. Preble 
r then formed his squadron in two divisions, with 
af Lieutenant Somers in command of the first and 
Ss Captain Decatur of the second, and bombarded 
the port of Tripoli with the hope of securing the 


: release of the prisoners. The first attack was 
made, Aug. 3, 1804, after which the bashaw 
offered terms of peace which Preble rejected. 
On Aug. 7, a second attack was made, after 
which the terms for ransom for the prisoners 
were lowered from $1,000 to $500, which Preble 
also declined. He offered, however, the sum of 

$80,000, and $10,000 in presents, on the condition 
that the bashaw would enter into a perpetual 
treaty with the American government never 
again to demand tribute as the price of peace. 

4 This the bashaw refused. A third attack was 

; made, Aug. 27, with such effect as to induce the 


PREBLE 


bashaw to renew negotiations for peace, but 
nothing definite was effected. A fourth attack, 
Sept. 8, resulted in the great injury of the ba- 
shaw’s batteries, castle and city. In the even- 
ing of September 4, the ketch Intrepid, converted 
into a fire ship and commanded by Captain 
Somers, was sent into the midst of the enemy’s 
galleys and gunboats to complete their destruc- 
tion, but the adventure ended in death to all the 
Americans engaged in the expedition. It is sup- 
posed that the Intrepid was blown up by her 
commander to prevent her capture by the enemy. 
On Sept. 9, 1804, Commodore Preble was relieved 
by Commodore Barron, who followed out the 
plans of his predecessor and received the prison- 
ers, while Commodore Preble returned to the 
United States. His health was greatly broken, 
and rapidly declined after reaching his home. 
Congress voted him the thanks of the nation and 
an appropriate gold medal presented at the hands 








of President Jefferson. He arranged the naval 
system for the marine force of the United States 
and refused the portfolio of the navy in Presi- 
dent Jefferson’s cabinet in 1806. He died at 
Portland, Maine, Aug. 25, 1807. 

PREBLE, George Henry, naval officer, was 
born in Portland, Maine, Feb. 25, 1816; son of 
Capt. Enoch and Sally (Cross) Preble, and great?- 
grandson of Abraham Preble, who came from 
Kent, England, in 1636, and whose grandson 
Jedediah commanded the Massachusetts troops 
at Louisbourg; was with Wolfe at the siege of 
Quebec, and left five sons by his second marriage: 
Ebenezer, Joshua, Enoch, Henry and Edward. 
George Henry Preble attended the public schools 
of Portland, and was employed in a book store 
and in his father’s West India and grocery house, 
1829-35. He was appointed midshipman in the 
U.S. navy, Oct. 10, 1885 ; was warranted a passed 
midshipman, June 22, 1841, and served in the 
Florida expedition under Lieut.-Com. J. S. Me- 
Laughlin as acting lieutenant and navigating 
officer on board the schooner Madison and the 
brigantine Jefferson, also participating in several 
canoe expeditions into the Everglades. The ex- 
posure of the service so crippled him that he 
was compelled to return to Norfolk in 1842. He 
was promoted acting master of the sloop of war 
St. Louis, sailed for the East Indies, May 23, 1848, 


. [339] 


PREBLE 


and served as acting lieutenant, 1843-45. The 
squadron, of which the St. Louis formed a part, 
was intended to support the negotiations of the 
Hon. Caleb Cushing, and in the midst of negotia- 
tions Lieutenant Preble was sent to Canton in 
charge of a party of marines and sailors, to pro- 
tect the U.S. consulate and the American resi- 
dents. This was the first armed American force 
landed in China. Upon his return to Norfolk in 
1845, he was married, Nov. 18, 1845, to Susan 
Zabiah, daughter of John and Thankful Harris 
Gore (Cox) of Portland, Maine. On May 380, 1846, 
he joined the gunboat Petrel as acting master 
and executive officer, and engaged in the war 
with Mexico, but his health again breaking down 
he returned home, May 31, 1847. He was pro- 
moted master in the line of promotion, July 15, 
1847; was commissioned lieutenant, Feb. 5, 1848; 
served in the Gulf, 1848-49, but was obliged to 
remove entirely from the southern climate. He 
was attached to the steamer Legree of the U.S. 
coast survey as executive officer, April 30, 1849, 
and continued on coast survey duty until by his 
own request he was ordered to the frigate St. 
Lawrence, Commander Joshua Sands, which con- 
veyed the American contributions to the World’s 
Fair of 1851, and which also made an unsuccess- 
ful search for the remains of John Paul Jones, 
He served on the Macedonian in the Japan expe- 
dition under Commodore Perry, 1853, participa- 
ting in the treaty negotiated at Yokohama, 
assisting in the surveys of Yeddo and Hakodate 
bays, and making a chart of the harbor of Kilung. 
Upon the return of the Macedonian to China, 
Lieutenant Preble was given command of the 
Queen, and engaged in the extermination of the 
pirates in Chinese waters. He returned to Boston, 
Mass., Aug. 6, 1856 ; succeeded Lieut. William B. 
Franklin, U.S.A., as inspector of the first light- 
house district, 1856-57 ; was on duty at Charles- 
town navy yard, 1857-59; was attached to the 
U.S. steam sloop Narragansett, 1859-61; com- 
manded the steam gunboat Katahdin, and par- 
ticipated in the surrender of New Orleans and 
in all the river operations as far up as Vicksburg. 
Being ordered to command the steam sloop 
Oneida, Aug. 4, 1862, he returned to Baton Rouge 
and was promoted commander, July 16, 1862, 
joining the blockading fleet off Mobile bay. On 
Sept. 4, 1862, while he was in charge of the 
blockade, a sail was sighted, steam was made 
and chase was given, after some delay caused by 
repairs to the boilers. The stranger, the Con- 
federate sloop Oreto (which had been renamed 
the Florida), Commander J. N. Maffitt, sailed 
into shallow water. where the Oneida could not 
follow. When Preble’s first dispatch, announcing 
that the Florida had successfully run the block- 
ade and safely entered Mobile harbor, reached 


PREBLE 


Washington, he was dismissed from the naval 
service, Sept. 20, 1862, but upon further investi- 
gation the naval committee unanimously restored 
him to his old rank. He left New York, April 9, 
1863, for Lisbon, Portugal, where he assumed 
command of the sailing sloop-of-war, St. Lowis. 
He was in command of the fleet brigade, designed 
to co-operate with General Sherman in his march 
to the sea, 1864-65; was transferred to the steamer 
State of Georgia, and was at the Boston navy 
yard as inspector of supplies, 1865-67; was pro- 
moted captain by seniority, March 16, 1867 and 
chief-of-staff to Rear-Admiral Craven in 1868 ; 
commanded 
the U.S. flag- 
ship Pensacola, 
1868-70 ; was 
commissioned 
ascommodore, 
INOVeree heel Sis 
was comman- s 
dant at the 
U.S. navy yard 
at Philadel- 
phia, Pa., 1874-75; was promoted rear-admiral, 
Sept. 30, 1876; commanded the South Pacific squad- 
ron, 1876-79, and was retired Feb. 25,1878. After 
retirement he was ordered as president of the 
board which recommended rebuilding on modern 
lines and armament the double-turretted monitor 
of the Amphitrite class. He was a member and 
vice-president of the Naval Library and Institute 
at Charlestown; a member of the Portland Natural 
History society, 1852-57, and its vice-president 
1856-57; a member of the New England His- 
toric Genealogical society, 1866-85, and a corres- 
ponding member of the Massachusetts Historical 
society. He was a member of the American 
Antiquarian society ; the historical societies of 
Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, New York and Wisconsin, and president 
of the Massachusetts order of the Loyal Legion. 
He made a collection of naval registers, tracts 
and other U.S. naval publications of great rarity 
and value, which were placed in the navy depart- 
ment at Washington. He is the author of : Chase 
of the Rebel Steamer of War ‘ Oreto’ (1862); The 
Preble Family in America (1868); First Cruise of 
the U.S. Frigate ‘ Essex’ (1870); History of the 
American Flag (1872); and Steam Navigation 
(1883). He died in Brookline, Mass., March 1, 1885. 

PREBLE, William Pitt, jurist, was born at 
York, Maine, Nov. 27, 1788; sonof Esaias and 
Lydia (Ingraham) Preble; grandson of Samuel 
and Sarah (Muchmore). Preble, and of Edward 
and Lydia (Holt) Ingraham, and a descendant 
of Abraham and Judith Preble. Abraham Preble 
emigrated from Kent, England, to Scituate, Mass., 
about 1637, and settled in York, Maine, in 1642, 





W.S.S." PENSACOLA ~1858. 


[340] 


—_, 1 





































PRENDERGAST 


‘William P. Preble was graduated from Harvard, 

A.B., 1806, A.M., 1809, and remained as tutor in 
mathematics 1809-11. He was admitted to the 
ine bar ; practised law in York and Alfred, 1812, 

| Er Sa0, 1813-18, and in Portland, 1818-57. He was 
U 'S. district attorney for Maine, 1814-18; a mem- 
per of the state constitutional convention of 1819 ; 
judge of the supreme court of Maine, 1820-28 ; 
‘U.S. minister to the Netherlands, 1829-31, and 
represented the United States in the northeastern 
boundary dispute. He was a trustee of Bowdoin 
college, 1821-42, and received the degree LL.D. 
from Bowdoin in 1829. He was married first, 
Sept. 7, 1810, to Nancy Gale, daughter of Joseph 
~ and Mary (Stone) Tucker of York, and secondly, 


Portland. He died at Portland, Me., Oct. 11, 1857. 
PRENDERGAST, Edmund Francis, R.C. 
bishop, was born at Clonmel, county Tipperary, 
Ireland, May 3, 1848. He came to the United 
States in 1859; was educated at the College of 
St. Charles Borromeo, Philadelphia, Pa. ; was 
ordained priest, Nov. 17, 1865, by Bishop Wood ; 
_ served as assistant pastor of St. Paul’s, Philadel- 
-phia, and of St. Jobn’s, Susquehanna ; was rector 
of St. Mark’s, Bristol, Pa., of the Immaculate Con- 
ception at Allentown, Pa.,and of St. Malachy’s, 
lanes in 1874. He was a member of the 


CATHEDRAL OF ST. PETER*n? ST.PAULY 


ard of diocesan consultors of Philadelphia ; 

s made vicar-general of the arch-diocese in 
“1895; was appointed auxiliary bishop of Phila- 
delphia, and consecrated titular bishop of 
“Seillio,” Feb. 24, 1897, by Archbishop Ryan, 
“assisted by Bishops Horstman of Cleveland and 
Hoban of Scranton, Cardinal Gibbons and Bishops 
O'Hara, McGovern, Northrop and Allen being 
_ present. 

PRENTICE, George Denison, journalist, was 
orn in Preston, Conn., Dec. 18, 1802; son of 
Re us and Sarah ianton) Prentice ; grandson 
of Eleazer and Sarah (Stanton) Prentice, and a 
descendant of Valentine Prentise, who emigrated 
from England to Roxbury, Mass., with his wife 
Alice and son John in 1631. He fap school as 
early as 1817; was graduated at Brown university, 


to Sarah A., daughter of: Thomas Forsaith of. 


PRENTISS 


A.B., 1823, A.M., 1826, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1829, but did not enter the legal profession. 
He edited the Connecticut Mirror, 1825-28; the 
Haverhill Gazette, and the New England Weekly 
Review, Hartford, Conn., 1828-80, and in 1830 
was succeeded by John Greenleaf Whittier, and 
removed to Kentucky to collect historical data 
fora life of Henry Clay. He was married in 
1835 to Henrietta, daughter of Joseph Benham 
of Louisville, Ky. He was editor of the Louis- 
ville Journal, a Whig publication, 1830-60; re- 
mained a contributor to its columns until 1868, 
when it became known as the Courier Journal, 
and was also a regular contributor to the New 
York Ledger. These contributions established 
his reputation asa humorous writer. He received 
the honorary degree A.M. from Trinity college in 
1828. Heis the author of: Life of Henry Clay 
(1831); Prenticeana ; or Wit and Humor in Para- 
graphs (1859, 2d ed., with biography by Gilderoy 
W. Griffin, 1870), and a volume of poems, collected 
after his death, and published with a biography 
by John James Piatt (1875). He died in Louis- 
ville, Ky., Jan. 22, 1870. 

PRENTISS, Albert Nelson, educator, was 
born in Cazenovia, N.Y., May 22, 1836. He 
studied in Cazenovia seminary, and was graduated 
from Michigan Agricultural college, A.B., 1861, 
A.M., 1864. Heserved asa private under Gen, 
John C, Frémont in Missouri, 1861-62; was as- 
sociate principal of the high schoolat Kalamazoo, 
Mich., 1863-65 ; instructor and professor of botany 
and horticulture in Michigan Agricultural college, 
1865-68, and professor of botany, horticulture and 
arboriculture at Cornell university, N. Y., 1868-96. 
He conducted the Cornell expedition to Brazil in 
1870, and studied in Kew Gardens, England, and 
in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, in 1872. He earn- 
ed a world-wide reputation as a botanist, and in 
1872 received the Walker prize of the Boston 
Society of Natural History for his essay on the 
‘* Natural Distribution ” of plants. He published 
several botanical papers, a monograph on the 
hemlock, and contributions to scientific periodi- 
cals. He died in Ithaca, N.Y., Aug. 14, 1896. 

PRENTISS, Benjamin Maybury, soldier, was 
born in Belleville, Va., Nov. 28, 1819; son of 
Henry L. Prentiss, a farmer. He removed to 
Missouri in 1835, and to Quincy, IL, in 1841, 
where he conducted a rope-walk. He was Ist 
lieutenant of the Quincy Rifles, raised to drive 
the Mormons from Hancock, Ill., 1844; was 
under Colonel Hardin in the Mexican war as 
captain and adjutant of the 1st Illinois volunteers, 
receiving honorable mention at Buena Vista, and 
on returning to Quincy engaged as a commission 
merchant. He was the unsuccessful Republican 
candidate from the fifth Illinois district for 
representative to the 87th congress in 1860, and 


[341] 


PRENTISS 


in 1861 reorganized and was elected colonel of his 
old company, which joined the 7th Illinois volun- 
teers. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier- 
general, May 17, 1861; commanded Cairo for 
three months; conducted the expedition that 
raided southern Missouri from Pilot Knob, and 
on Dec. 28, 1861, routed a force of Confederates 
at Mount Zion, Mo. He was relieved by Gen. 
U. S. Grant at Cape Girardeau, and ordered to 
northern Missouri. He joined General Grant at 
Pittsburg Landing, April 3, 1862, where he com- 
manded the 6th division, and in the first day’s 
fight, April 6, 1862, he was taken prisoner with 
most of his command, while stubbornly holding 
his position. He was released in October, 1862 ; 
promoted major-general of volunteers, Nov. 29, 
1862; served on the court-martial of Fitz John 
Porter (q.v.) in November, 1862, and commanded 
Helena, Ark., in 1868, where be repulsed the 
attack of Generals Price and Holmes on July 3. 
He resigned his commission Oct. 28, 1863, and 
engaged in the practice of law in Bethany, Mo., 
where he died, Feb. 8, 1901. 

PRENTISS, Charles, author, was born in 
Reading, Mass., Oct. 8, 1774; son of the Rev. 
Caleb and Pamela (Mellen) Prentiss; grandson 
of Caleb and Lydia (Whittemore) Prentiss, and 
of the Rev. John and Rebecca (Prentiss) Mellen, 
and a descendant of Valentine Prentise. He was 
graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1795, A.M., 1798, 
and was married, Nov. 19, 1795, to Sophia, 
daughter of the Rev. Francis Gardner of Leo- 
minster, Mass. He edited the Rural Repository, 
published at Leominster, Mass., in 1795; the 
Political Focus, afterward known as the Wash- 
ington Federalist, Richmond, Va., 1800-04; the 
Virginia Gazette, Richmond, in 1805; the Anti- 
Democrat and The Child of Pallas in Baltimore, 
Md., 1806-08, and The Thistle, a theatrical paper, 
in Boston, Mass., in 1809 ; he was a congressional 
reporter and also editor of the Independent Ameri- 
can, Washington, D.C., in 1810, and settled in 
Brimfield, Mass., in 1811. He is the author of: 
A Collection of Fugitive Essays in Prose and 
Verse (1797); Life of Robert Treat Paine (1812); 
Life of Gen. William Eaton (1818); Poems (1818); 
History of the United States (1819); and The 
Trial of Calvin and Hopkins (1819). He died in 
Brimfield, Mass., Oct. 19, 1820. 

PRENTISS, Elizabeth Payson, author, was 
born in Portland, Maine, Oct. 26, 1818; daughter 
of the Rey. Edward and Ann Louisa (Shipman) 
Payson. Sheattended schoolsin Portland, Maine, 
and Ipswich, Mass.. and was a teacher in Port- 
land and Richmond, Maine, 1840-48. She was 
married, Apr. 22, 1845, to George Lewis Prentiss 
(q.v.). Her many published volumes include: 
Little Susy Series (1858-56); The Flower of the 
Family and Only a Dandelion (1854); Henry and 


PRENTISS 


Bessie ; Little Threads; Fred, Maria and Me (1868), 
Urban and his Friends ; Hymns and Songs of the 
Christian Life; Stepping Heavenward (1869) 
The Percys (1870); Religious Poems (1873); The 


Home at Greylock (1876); Pemaquid (1877) Avis 


Benson (1879) and Life and Letters (1882). 
died at Dorset, Vt., Aug. 13, 1878. 

PRENTISS, George Lewis, educator, was born 
in Gorham, Maine, May 12, 1816, son of Capt. 
William and Abigail (Lewis) Prentiss and grand- 
son of Maj. George Lewis and of Samuel and 
Rebecca (Cook) Prentiss. He was graduated 
from Bowdoin college, A.B., 18385, A.M., 1838 ; was 
assistant at Gorham academy, 1835-86 ; attended 
the universities of Halle and Berlin, 1839-41, and 
was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 
1845. He was married in 1845 to Elizabeth Pay- 
son (q.v.). 
tarian church, New Bedford, Mass., 1845-50; of 
the Mercer Street Presbyterian church, New York 
city, 1851-58 ; of the Church of the Covenant, New 
York city, 1862-73 ; professor of pastoral theology, 
church polity, and mission work at Union Theo- 
logical seminary, 1873-97 and was made professor 
emeritus in 1897. The honorary degree of D.D. 
was conferred on him by Bowdoin college in 1854, 
He is the author of : Our National Bane (1877); 
The Life and Letters of Elizabeth Prentiss (1882) ; 
Sixty Years of Union Seminary (1889); The Agree- 
ment Between Union Seminary and the General 
Assembly (1891) ; The Problem of the Veto Power 
(1892); Another Decade of Union Seminary (1899); 
and memoirs of Sergeant S. Prentiss (1855), and 
Thomas Harvey Skinner (1871). 

PRENTISS, Samuel, jurist. was born in 
Stonington, Conn., March 31, 1782; son of Dr. 
Samuel and Lucretia (Holmes) Prentiss; grand- 
son of Col. Samuel and Phoebe (Billings) Pren- 
tice and of Capt. John Holmes, and a descendant. 
of Valentine Prentise. 
He was educated in 
the public schools of 
Northfield, Mass., and 
under a private tutor ; 
was admitted to the 
bar in 1802; settled 
in practice in Mont- 
pelier, Vt., in 1803, 
and was married, 
Oct. 3, 1804, to Lucre- 
tia, daughter of Ed- 
ward Houghton of 
Northfield. He de- 
clined a judgeship of 
the supreme court of 
Vermont in 1822; was 
a representative in the state legislature, 1824-25 ; 
an assistant justice of the supreme court, 1825-29, 
and chief justice, 1829-30. He was a whig U.S. 


She 


[342] 


He was pastor of the South Trini- | 














PRENTISS 















































senator from Vermont, 1831-42, resigning April 
1842, to become judge of the U.S. district court 
of Vermont, Samuel C. Crofts completing his term. 
ring his term of office he introduced the resolu- 
tion which led to the abolition of slavery in the 
strict of Columbia, and also introduced a series 
7 resolutions against the annexation of Texas; 
and originated and successfully carried through 
‘ he law to suppress duelling in the District of 
es He was a trustee of Dartmouth col- 
, 1820-27, and received from Dartmouth ae 
J Beary degree of A.M. in 1820, and LL.D. 
1832. He died in Montpelier, Vt., Jan. 15, 1887. 
- PRENTISS, Sergeant Smith, orator, was born 
in Portland, Maine, Sept. 30, 1808; son of Capt. 
William and Abigail (Lewis) Prentiss. He was 
bd ependent upon the use of crutches until nine 
years of age and remained a cripple throughout 
his life. He was prepared for college at Gorham, 
Maine, academy; was graduated at Bowdoin, 
A.B., 1826, A.M., 1829; studied law under Josiah 
Pierce in Gorham, 1826-27, and under Judge 
Jacob Burnet (q.v.) in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1827; 
removed to Natchez, Miss., where he was tutor 
in a private family and subsequently practised 
Jaw in partnership with Gen. Felix Houston in 
1829. He was a Whig representative in the Mis- 
sissippi territorial legislature in 1835, and claimed 
election as a representative to the 25th congress 
Oct. 3, 1837, but the certificate of election was 
given to J. F. H. Claiborne. Prentiss contested 
the election, supporting his claim in a three 
days’ speech, and the election was set aside and 
the seat declared vacant, Jan. 31, 18388, the 
speaker, James K. Polk, casting the deciding 
vote. A new election was ordered and Prentiss 
was chosen and took his seat, May 30, 1838, his 
term expiring March 3, 1839. He ably defended 
Judge Wilkinson of Kentucky, charged with 
murder in 1839, and canvassed the state of Mis- 
sippi as a Whig candidate for presidential 
tor in 1840. He labored to defend the honor 
of the state and prevent the repudiation of its 
bonded debt, 1840-44. He was married March 3, 
2, to Mary Jane, daughter of James C. Williams 
atchez, Miss. He removed to New Orleans, 
., in 1845, where he practised until a short 
ne before his death. He made a speech at the 
nner given Daniel Webster in Faneuil Hall, 
rp ston, Mass., in July, 1838, which was declared 
by Gov. Edward Everett to be a ‘‘ most wonder- 
ful Specimen of sententious fluency.” A con- 
temporary says : ‘‘ His power of originating forci- 
wale and beautiful natural images of abstract 
ruths was marvelous, and he was quite as dis- 
ished at the bar for vigorous logic and sense 
ss for splendid rhetoric.” See ‘“‘ Memoir of 8. S. 
Prentiss,” by G. L. Prentiss (q.v.). He died at 
: aa , near Natchez, Miss., July 1, 1850. 


PRESCOTT 


PRESCOTT, Albert Benjamin, chemist, was 
born in Hastings, N.Y., Dec. 12, 1832; son of 
Benjamin and Experience (Huntley) Prescott ; 
grandson of James and Lydia (Calkins) Huntley 
and of Oliver and Keziah (Howard) Prescott, 
and a descendant of John and Mary (Platts) 
Prescott. John Prescott, a native of Lancashire, 
England, immigrated to Barbadoes in 1638 and 
settled in Watertown, Mass., in 1640. Albert 
B. Prescott was graduated from the University 
of Michigan, M.D., 1864; was appointed assistant 
surgeon, U.S.V., July 3, 1864, and was surgeon- 
in-charge of a hospital in Louisville, Ky., and 
later one in Jeffersonville, Ind. He was brevetted 
captain and mustered out Aug. 22, 1865, and was 
married Dec. 25, 1866, to Abigail, daughter of 
Robert William and Nancy (Spear) Freeburn of 
Oakland county, Mich. He was assistant in 
chemistry, 1863-64; assistant professor of chem- 
istry and lecturer on organic chemistry and 
metallurgy in the University of Michigan, 1865- 
70; professor of organic and applied chemistry 
and of pharmacy there from 1870, dean of the 
school of pharmacy from 1876, and a director of 
the chemical laboratory from 1884. He was elec- 
ted a fellow of the London Chemical society in 
1876; president of the American Chemical so- 
ciety in 1886; vice-president of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science in 
1887, president of that association in 1891, presi- 
dent of the American Pharmaceutical associa- 
tion in 1900, and a member of other scientific 
societies. He received the degree LL.D. from 
the University of Michigan in 1896. He helped 
to revise the U.S. Pharmacopoeia in 1880, con- 
tributed articles on his researches in analytical, 
organic and pharmaceutical chemistry to scien- 
tific publications, and is the author of: Qualita- 
tive Chemical Analysis (with Silas H. Douglas, 
1874; 5th edition, with Otis C. Johnson, 1901) ; 
Outlines of Proximate Organic Analysis (1875); 
Chemical Examination of Aleoholic Liquors 
(1875); First Book in Qualitative Chemistry 
(1879 ; 11th ed. with Eugene G. Sullivan, 1902); 
and Organic Analysis: a Manual of the Descrip- 
tive and Analytical Chemistry of Certain Carbon 
Compounds in Common Use (1887). 

PRESCOTT, Benjamin Franklin, governor of 
New Hampshire, was born in Epping, N.H., Feb. 
26, 1833; son of Nathan G. and Betsey H. 
(Richards) Prescott ; grandson of Asa and Polly 
(Clark) Prescott, and of Benjamin and Mehitable 
(Hills) Richards, of Nottingham, N.H.;and a 
descendant of James Prescott, who emigrated 
from Dryby, Lincolnshire, England, to Hampton, 
Norfolk county, Mass., in 1665, and Mary Boulter, 
his wife. He was prepared for college at Phillips 
Exeter academy, graduated at Dartmouth in 
1856, and taught school in Epping, 1856-57. He 


[343] 


PRESCOTT 


was admitted to the barin 1859, and practised in 
Concord, 1859-61. He was associate editor of the 
Independent Democrat at Concord, 1861-66, and 
special agent for New England, of the U.S. 
treasury department, 1865-67 and 1869. He was 
married, June 10, 1869, to Mary Little, daughter 
of Jefferson and Nancy (Peart) Noyes of Concord. 
He was secretary of the state 
of New Hampshire, 1872-73 
and 1875-76; secretary of 
the Republican state central 
committee, 1859-74; gov- 
ernor, 1877-79; secretary of 
the state college of electors, 
1861, 1865, 1869, 1873, 1877 
and 1881, and a delegate-at-large to the Republi- 
can national convention of 1880. He retired to 
his farm at Epping in 1880. He was president of 
the Bennington, Vt., Battle Monument associa- 
tion, and of the Provident Mutual Relief associa- 
tion ; vice-president of the New Hampshire His- 
torical society; fellow of the Royal Historical 
society of Great Britain, and an honorary member 
of the Marshfield club of Boston. He was also 
a trustee of the New Hampshire College of Agri- 
culture and the Mechanic Arts, 1874-95, and of 
Dartmouth college, 1878-95. He died in Epping, 
N.H., Feb. 22, 1895. 

PRESCOTT, George Bartlett, electrician, was 
born in Kingston, N.H., Sept. 16, 1880; son of 
Mark Hollis and Priscilla (Bartlett) Prescott ; 
grandson of Mark and Polly (Bean) Prescott, and 
of David Bartlett, and a descendant of James, the 
immigrant, and Mary (Boulter) Prescott. He 
received a private school education in Portland, 
Me., made a special study of electricity and tele- 
graphy, and was connected with several telegraph 
offices in Connecticut and Massachusetts, 1847-58. 
He was married, Dec. 9, 1857, to Eliza Curtis, 
daughter of Israel M. Parsons of Springfield, 
Mass. He was superintendent of the American 
telegraph company, 1858-66; of the Western 
Union telegraph company, 1866-69, and electrician 
of the latter in 1869. He was associated with 
Thomas A. Edison in the duplex and quadruplex 
telegraphic inventions; introduced them in 1870 
and 1874; invented an improvement in telegraph 
insulators in 1872, and in the quadruplex tele- 
graph in 1876. He was electrician of the Inter- 
national Ocean telegraph company, 1873-83 ; and 
in 1883 was sent to Europe by the Western 
Union telegraph company to study foreign 
methods of telegraphy. On his return he intro- 
duced many improvements, among them the 
pneumatic tube system, which was adopted in 
New York city in 1876. He was vice-president, 
director and member of the executive and finance 
committees of the Gold and Stock telegraph com- 
pany, 1878-81: one of the incorporators and 





PRESCOTT 


directors of the Metropolitan telephone and tele- 
graph company, 1879-82; president of the Man- 
hattan telegraph company and of the American 
Speaking telephone company, 1879-82, and a di- 
rector and member of the executive committee of 
the Bell telephone company of Philadelphia. He 
published an account of his discovery of the electri- 
cal origin of the Aurora Borealis, and his experi- 
ments thereon in the Boston Journal, February, 
1852, and in the Atlantic Monthly, 1859, and is the 
author of : History, Theory and Practice of the 
Electric Telegraph (1860); The Proposed Union of 
the Telegraph and Postal Systems (1869); The 
Government and the Telegraph (1872); Electricity 
and the Electric Telegraph (1877); The Speaking 
Telephone, Talking Phonograph and Other Novel- 
ties (1878); The Speaking Telephone, Electric 
Light, and other Recent Electrical Inventions 
(1879); Dynamo-Electricity ; its Generation, Ap- 
plication, Transmission, Storage and Measure- 
ment (1884); Bell’s Electric Speaking Telephone ; 
its Invention, Construction, Application, Mod- 
ification and History (1884), and The Electric 
Telephone (1890). He died in New York city, 
Jan. 18, 1894. 

PRESCOTT, William, soldier, was born in 
Groton, Mass., Feb. 20, 1726; son of Judge Ben- 
jamin Prescott ; and great-grandson of John and 
Mary (Platts) Prescott of Lincolnshire, England, 
who immigrated at an early date to Lancaster, 
Mass. William Prescott removed to an unsettled 
tract of country not far from his native town, 
and there established a settlement, which he sub- 
sequently caused to be made into a township, and 
which he named in honor of Sir William Pepper- 
rell, continuing to hold his estate under the 
original Indian title. He served as a leutenant 
in the colonial army, under Gen. John Winslow, 
in the expedition against Cape Breton, 1754, and 
against Acadia,1755, and was promoted captain. 
In recognition of his gallantry he was offered a 
commission in the regular army, but declined, 
returned to Pepperrell, and was married to 
Abigail Hale. Their son, William Prescott (1762- 
1844), Harvard, 1788, was a member of the 
governors’ council for many years, judge of the 
court of common pleas, Suffolk county, 1818-20, a 
delegate to the state constitutional convention in 
1820, amember of the American Academy of Arts 
and Sciences, and the father of William Hickling 
Prescott, the historian. In August, 1774, Captain 
Prescott was active in stimulating the resistance 
of his townsmen to royal authority, and soon 
after was appointed colonel of a regiment of 
minute men, his commission being signed by 
Gen. Joseph Warren. He proceeded to Lexing- 
ton, April 19, 1775, but General Pitcairn having 
retreated before his arrival, he continued his 
march to Cambridge, where he joined the pro- 


[344] 







































PRESCOTT 


vincial army, the larger part of his regiment vol- 
-unteering to serve with him. OnJune 16, 1775, 
incommand of three regiments he was ordered 
to construct entrenchments on Bunker Hill, but 
instead selected Breed’s Hill, in the immediate 
vicinity. In the attack by Gen. William Howe, 
June 17, according to Bancroft, Colonel Prescott 
appeared to have the entire command, displaying 
great skill and bravery, and was among the last 
to submit to the enforced retreat. In 1777 he re- 
signed his commisson in the army, returning to 
Pepperrell, but later in the same year enlisted 
asa volunteer in the northern army under Gen- 
eral Gates, in the campaign against Burgoyne. 
_ He was a representative in the Massachusetts leg- 
islature for several years. He is the author of : 
A Letter from a Veteran to the Officers of the 
Army Encamped at Boston (1774). Astatue was 
erected to his memory on Bunker Hill in 1881. 
‘He died in Pepperrell, Mass., Oct. 13, 1795. 

PRESCOTT, William Hickling, historian, was 
born in Salem, Mass., May 4, 1796 ; son of Wil- 
liam and Catharine G. (Hickling) Prescott ; 
grandson of Col. William and Abigail (Hale) 
Prescott, and of Thomas Hickling of Boston, 
Mass., and a descend- 
ant of John and Mary 
(Platts) Prescott. He 
was graduated at 
Harvard A.B. .1814, 
A.M. 1817, and en- 
tered his father’s 
office to study law, 
but owing to the ac- 
cidental loss of one 
eye, which seriously 
impaired the sight of 
the other, was obliged 
to seek medical 
advice in Europe. 
He visited England, 
: France and _ Italy, 
pane on his return to Boston, Mass., deter- 
ped to devote himself to historical writing, 
nd to accomplish this employed an assistant 
ho served as a secretary, amanuensis and 


m ent for the blind, called the poctograph. He 
was married, May 4, 1820, to Susan, daughter of 
Thomas C. and Hannah (Linzee) Amory. He 
made a study of Italian and Spanish literature to 
prepare himself for his first special work, History 
of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, which 
cost him ten years of difficult labor. The leading 
learned societies of the United States and Europe 
mored him by making him a member or fellow, 
‘received the degree LL.D. from Columbia, 
1840; William and Mary, 1841; South Carolina 
c college, 1841; and Harvard, 1843; and that of 


der, and in writing used an ingenious instru- . 


PRESTON ’ 


D.C.L. from Oxford university, England, in 1850, 
while on avisit to that country. He is the 
author of : Life of Charles Brockden Brown (1834); 
History of Ferdinand and Isabella (4 vols. 1888), 
translated into French, German, Spanish, Italian 
_- and Russian ; 
art _=( The Conquest 
a of Mexico 
(3 vols. 1843); 
The Conquest 
OR Ler” (2 
vols, 1847), 
translated into several 
languages ; Biographi- 
eal and Critical Miscel- 
lanies (1845); The Reign 
of Philip II., King of 
Spain (2 vols. 1855; vol. 
3, 1858; vol. 4, left in- 
complete, 1859); a sup- 
. plement entitled The 
Life of Charles V., After 
his Abdication, toa new 
edition of Robertson’s 
‘** History of the Reign 
of Charles V.” (1858); contributions to the North 
American Review ; memoirs of John Pickering 
and Abbott Lawrence, and several essays. See 









PRESCOTTS HOME BOSTON 


“Life of Prescott, the Historian,” by George 
Ticknor (1864). His name in the “Class A, 


Authors and Editors ” received thirty-two votes. 
for a place in the Hall of Fame for Great Ameri- 
cans, New York university, October, 1900, only 
nine names in the class receiving more votes. 
He died in Boston, Mass., Jan. 28, 1859, 
PRESTON, Ann, educator, was born in West 
Grove, Pa., Dec. 1, 1813; daughter of Amos and 
Margaret (Smith) Preston: grand-daughter of 
Joseph and Rebecca (Bills) Preston, and of Joseph 
Smith, and a descendant of William Preston, a 
Quaker. came from Huthersfield, England, to 
America, in 1718, and settled in Buckingham, 
Bucks county, Pa. She was educated in the 
public schools and at a boarding school in West 
Chester, Pa.; and joined the Clarkson Anti- 
slavery society previous to 1833. She entered 
the Woman’s Medical college of Philadelphia 
when it opened in 1850; received her degree of 
M.D. in 1852; was professor of physiology and: 
hygiene there, 1853-72, and studied in the Mater- 
nité hospital of Paris in 1854. She was one of 
the founders of the Woman’s hospital in Phila- 
delphia and a member of the board of managers, 
serving also as corresponding secretary and con- 
sulting physician. She was dean of the faculty 
of the Woman’s Medical college of Philadelphia, 
1856-72, and a member of the board of incorpora- 
tors, 1867-72. She also controlled an extensive 
practice and was successful in overcoming the 


[845] 


PRESTON 


opposition made against women physicians by 
the Philadelphia County Medical society in 1867. 
She is the author of several essays on the educa- 
tion of women as physicians, and of a volume of 
juvenile poems entitled : Cousin Ann’s Stories for 
Children (1848). She died in Philadelphia, Pa., 
April 18, 1872. 

PRESTON, Francis, representative, was born 
in Greenfield, Botetourt county, Va., Aug. 2, 
1765; son of Col. William and Susanna (Smith) 
Preston and grandson of John and Elizabeth 
(Patton) Preston, and of Francis and Elizabeth 
(Waddy) Smith. John Preston came from Lon- 
donderry, Ireland, to America in 1740, and settled 
at Spring Hill, Augusta county, Va. His son, 
William Preston, born in 1729, was a surveyor 
under Washington, a member of the house of 
burgesses, commissioner to treat with the 
Indians, and was appointed colonel in 1775. He 
commanded a regiment at the battle of Guilford 
Court House, 8.C., in 1783, and there received 
injuries that resulted in his death the same year. 
Francis Preston was graduated at the College of 
William and Mary, 1783; studied law under George 
Wythe, the signer; actively engaged in his pro- 
fession in Montgomery and Washington counties, 
Va., and was a member of the Virginia house of 
delegates and a state senator. He was married 
in 1792 to Sarah, daughter of Gen. William 
Campbell. He was a representative from Vir- 
ginia in the 3d and 4th congresses, 1793-97, and 
declined re-election in 1796. He resided in 
Abingdon, Va., after 1798. He was appointed 
colonel of volunteers in the war of 1812, and 
subsequently served in the state militia, reaching 
the rank of major-general. He died in Columbia, 
S.C., while on a visit to his son, William C. 
Preston (q.v.), May 25, 18385. 

PRESTON, Harriet Waters, author, was born 
in Danvers, Mass., 1843. She was educated under 
private tutors, traveled in France and England 
until 1865, and later became a translator from the 
French, and an authority on Provencal literature. 
She wrote a series of papers on Mistral’s ‘‘ Calen- 
dau,” ‘‘ Theodore Aubauet,” ‘ Jacques Jasmin,” 
‘** Songs of the Troubadours,” and ‘* Arthuriad.” 
Her translations include: The Life of Madame 
Swetchine (1865); and The Writings of Madame 
Swetchine, edited by Count de Falloux (1869); 
Memoirs of Madame Desbordes Valmore by C. A. 
Sainte-Beuve (1872); Mistral’s Miréio, Provencal 
poem (1872); Biography of Alfred de Musset by 
Paul de Musset (1877); and The Georgies of Virgil 
(1881). She is the author of Aspendale (1871); 
Love in the Nineteenth Century (1873); Trouba- 
dours and Trouveéres (1876); Is That All? in ‘*No 
Name” series (1876); A Year in Eden (1887), and 
The Guardians (written in collaboration with 
Miss L. Dodge, 1888). 


PRESTON 


PRESTON, James Patton, governor of Vir- 
ginia, was born in Smithfield, Va., June 21, 1774; 
son of Col. William (1729-1783) and Susanna 
(Smith) Preston. He was graduated from Wil- 
jiam and Mary college in 1795, was a farmer in 
Montgomery county; state DEE 
senator; lieutenant-colonel 
of the 12th -U.S. infantry, / 
commissioned March 19, 1812; § 
was promoted colonel for gal- § 
lantry Aug. 15, 1818; com- 
manded the 23d infantry, and 
was wounded in the battle of 





Chrystler’s Field, Nov. 11, 1813, becoming per-_ 


manently crippled. He was governor of Virginia, 
1816-19, state senator for a second term, and was 
for many years post-master of Richmond. Pres- 
ton county, Va., was named in his honor. He 
married Ann, daughter of Robert Taylor of 
Norfolk, Va., and had sons: William Ballard 
(q.v.), Robert T., and James Patton, Jr.. Con- 
federate officers in the civil war. He died at 
Smithfield, Va., May 4, 1848. 

PRESTON, John Smith, soldier, was born at 
the Salt Works, near Abingdon, Va., April 20, 
1809; son of Francis and Sarah (Campbell) Pres- 
ton. He was graduated from Hampden-Sidney 
college, Va., A.B., 1824; did postgraduate work at 
the University of Virginia, 1825-26, and attended 
the Harvard law school. He was married in 
1830 to Caroline, a sister of Gen. Wade Hampton 
of South Carolina. He afterward moved to Colum- 
bia, S.C., and thence to Louisiana, where he 
worked his sugar-plantations. He became pro- 
minent as an orator in the South and delivered 
many famous addresses, among them the one at 
the laying of the corner stone of the University 
of the South, at Sewanee, Tenn., in 1857. He 
was chairman of the South Carolina committee 
to the Democratic convention at Charleston in 
May, 1860; was a commissioner to Virginia, and 
in February, 1861, advocated the secession of 
Virginia. He was on the staff of General Beau- 
regard in the first battle of Bull Run, 1861, was 
promoted brigadier-general and served in the 
conscript department, 1865. He was then in 
Kurope for anumber of years and subsequently 
returned toSouth Carolina. He delivered his last 
public address at the unveiling of the Confederate 
monument at Columbia, S.C. He made a col- 
lection of painting and sculpture, and was a 
helpful friend to Hiram Powers and other rising 
artists. He died in Columbia, 8.C., May 1, 1881. 

PRESTON, John Thomas Lewis, educator, 
was born in Lexington, Va., April 25, 1811; son 
of Thomas Lewis and Edmonia (Randolph) Pres- 
ton; grandson of Col. William (1729-1783) and 
Susanna (Smith) Preston of Smithfield, and great- 
grandson of John Preston, the immigrant. His 


[346] 





0 alert neal 








PRESTON 












































a 


father was a major in the war of 1812, lawyer, 
and member of the Virginia legislature. In 1836 
Mr. Preston conceived the idea of substituting 
for the company of soldiers who guarded the 
wsenal, a company of cadets, who, in addition 
to the duties of an armed guard, should pur- 
sue a course of scientific and military studies. 
This idea materialized, March, 1839, in the Mili- 
tary Institute of Virginia, of which Preston and 
Gen. Francis H. Smith (q.v.) constituted the 
ire faculty from 1839 to 1842. He was married 
rst Aug. 2, 1832, to Sara Lyle, daughter of Wil- 
diam and Phebe (Alexander) Caruthers of Lex- 
ington, Va., and had five sons and three daugh- 
ters; and andl, Aug. 4, 1857, to Margaret 
-Junkin, the poet (q.v.), by whom he had two sons. 
In April, 1861, at the call of the state, the corps of 
adets marched for Richmond undert he command 
of Maj. T. J. Jackson, of whose staff Preston be- 
came amember, with the rank of colonel. In 
1862 the institute was re-opened as a training 
school to supply skilled and educated officers for 
the army, the cadets being called repeatedly into 
a tive service during the war. On May 15, 1864, 
at New Market, the corps lost 8 killed and 44 
wounded out of 250, and on June 11, 1864, all the 
astitution buildings, save the quarters of the 
superintendent, were burned by order of Gen. 
David Hunter (q.v.). When the institute was 
e-opened in October, 1865, Colonel Preston re- 
‘sumed his professorial duties, subsequently 
traveled abroad, accompanied by his wife, and 


versity faculty until within a few months of his 
death. He is the author of a biographical sketch 
of John Howe Peyton in ‘‘ Augusta County, Va.” 
‘He died in Lexington, Va., July 15, 1890. 

; PRESTON, Margaret Junkin, poet, was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., May 24, 1820; daughter of 
rge Junkin (q.v.). She was educated by her 


was married Aug. 4, 1857, to John L. Preston(q.v.), 
a pnd had two sons: George Junkin, born in 1858, 
graduate of Washington and Lee, 1879, and 
‘ tthe University of Pennsylvania, M.D., 1883, 
ind Herbert Rush, a lawyer, both established in 
tice in Baltimore. Mrs. Preston spent her 
ied life in Lexington, Va., traveled abroad 
with her husband, collecting material for her 
Book of Monograms (1886), contributed to the 
Southern Literary Messenger; translated Dies 
re (1855), and is the author of: Silverwood 
(1856); Beechenbrook,a Rhyme of the War (1866); 
Olc Songs and New (1870); Cartoons (1876); For 
Love's Sake (1886); Colonial Ballads, Sonnets and 
r Verses (1887); Aunt Dorothy (1890). She 
ied in Baltimore, Md., March 28, 1897, and was 
uried at Lexington, Va. 


after his return continued a member of the uni-. 


PRESTON 


PRESTON, Thomas Scott, R. C. prelate. was 
born in Hartford, Conn., July 23, 1824; son of 
Zephaniah Preston, a Puritan. He was gradua- 
ted at Trinity college, Hartford, Conn., A.B., 
1843, A.M., 1846; at the General Theological 
seminary, New York city, in 1846, and was ad- 
mitted to the diaconate the same year. He as- 
sisted at Trinity church, at the Church of the An- 
nunciation, and at the Church of Holy Innocents, 
West Point, 1846-47 ; was ordained priest in 1847, 
and was assistant rector of St. Luke’s church, 
New York city, 1847-49. In 1849 he accepted the 
Roman Catholic faith, and was deposed from the 
Protestant Episcopal church. After studying 
at St. Joseph’s seminary, Fordham, N.Y., he was 
ordained priest, Nov. 16, 1850 ; was an assistant at 
the cathedral in 1850; pastor of St. Mary’s, Yon- 
kers, N. Y., 1851-53 ; chancellor of the arch-diocese 
of New York, and secretary to Archbishop 
Hughes, 1853-91; and rector of St. Ann’s, New 
York city, 1861-91, building a new church edi- 
fice which was consecrated in 1871. He was 
vicar-general of the archdiocese of New York, 
1873-91 ; received the degree $.T.D. from Seton 
Hall college, New Jersey, in 1880; and was named 
private chamberlain to the Pope (Leo XIII.), 
May, 1881. He was appointed domestic prelate 
and prothonotary apostolic, Dec. 13, 1881, with no 
ceremony of investure. He built a large paro- 
chial school on 11th Street, and founded the 
‘** House of the Holy Family,” for the benefit of 
childrenand homeless girls. He was actively in- 
fluential in procuring the excommunication of the 
Rey. Dr. Edward McGlynn when he accepted 
and taught the theories of Henry George. He is 
the author of : Ark of the Covenant (1860); Life 
of St. Mary Magdalene (1860); Sermons for the 
Principal Seasons of the Sacred Year (1864); Life 
of St. Vincent de Paul (1866); Lectures on Chris- 
tian Unity, Advent of 1866 (1867); The Purgato- 
rian Manual (1867); Lectures on Reason and 
Revelation (1868); The Vicar of Christ (1871); 
The Divine Sanctuary (1878); Divine Paraclete 
(1880); Protestantism and the Bible (1880); Prot- 
estantism and the Church (1882); God and Rea- 
son (1884), and Watch on Calvary (1885). He 
died in New York city, Nov. 4, 1891. 

PRESTON, Willard, clergyman, was born at 
Uxbridge, Mass., May 29,1785. He was gradu- 
ated at Brown university, 1806, began the study 
of law, but abandoned it for theology, and was 
licensed to preach in 1808. He resided in the 
South, 1808-11, on account of ill health ; and was 
Congregational minister at St. Albans, Vt., 1812- 
15; Providence, R.I., 1816-20; Burlington, Vt., 
1821-25; president of the University of Vermont, 
1825-26 ; pastor of the Independent Presbyterian 
church at Savannah, Ga., 1826-56, and rendered 
unceasing aid during the epidemic of yellow 


[347] 


PRESTON 


fever in 1845. He received the degree D.D. from 
the University of Georgia in 1839, and is the 
author of two volumes of sermons, issued by his 
son, with a biographical sketch (1857). He died 
in Savannah, Ga., April 27, 1856. 

PRESTON, William, soldier, was born near 
Louisville, Ky., Oct. 16, 1816; son of Maj. William 
and Caroline (Hancock) Preston; grandson of 
Col. William (1729-83) and Susannah (Smith) 
Preston, and of Col. George Hancock of Fother- 
ingay, Va., a representative in the 4th congress, 
anda descendant of John Preston, the immigrant. 
He was educated at St. Joseph’s college, Bards- 
town, Ky., and at Yale college, and was gradu- 
ated at Harvard, LL.B.,in 1838. Hewas married 
in 1840 to Margaret Howard, daughter of Robert 
Wickliffe of Lexington, Ky.; settled in practice 
in Louisville ; and was lieutenant-colonel of the 
4th Kentucky volunteers in the Mexican war, 
1846-48. He was a member of the convention 
called to frame a new constitution for the state of 
Kentucky in 1849; a Whig representative in the 
state legislature, 1851-53, and a presidential elec- 
tor for the state at large, on the Scott and Graham 
ticket, in 1852. He wasa representative from 
Kentucky in the 32d congress, being elected Dec. 
6, 1852, to complete the unexpired term of Hum- 
phrey Marshall, resigned ; was re-elected to the 
33d congress, serving 1853-55, and was defeated as 
a candidate for the 84th congress by Humphrey 
Marshall. He was a delegate to the Democratic 
national convention at Cincinnati, Ohio, June 2, 
1856, and was appointed by President Buchanan 
U.S. minister to Spain in 1858, being succeeded 
by Carl Schurz. He joined the Confederate army 
at Bowling Green, Ky., in 1861, as colonel on the 
staff of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, who died in 
his arms at the battle of Shiloh. He was promo- 
ted brigadier-general April 18, 1862; participated 
in the battle of Murfreesboro; was promoted 
major-general Jan. 1, 1863; assigned to the com- 
mand of the division of Maj.-Gen. Polignac, 
and after the latter’s return to France, in October, 
1863. was transferred to the command of a divis- 
ion in Longstreet’s corps, Army of the Tennessee. 
He resumed practice in Lexington, Ky., in 1865, 
was a delegate to the Democratic national con- 
ventions of 1868 and 1880, anda representative in 
the state legislature in 1869. He died in Lexing- 
ton, Ky., Sept. 27, 1887. 

PRESTON, William Ballard, cabinet officer, 
was born in Smithfield, Va., Nov. 25, 1805 ; son of 
Gov. James Patton (q.v.) and Ann (Taylor) Pres- 
ton. He was a student at the University of Vir- 
ginia, was admitted to the bar, and practised suc- 
cessfully in his native state, meantime serving as 
a representative in the Virginia legislature, and 
as a state senator. He married a Miss Redd of 
Virginia. He was a Whig representative from 


PRESTON 


Virginia in the 80th congress, 1847-49; and 
secretary of the navy in President Taylor's cab- 
inet, from March 8, 1849 to July 22, 1850. He 
visited France in 1858-59, as an agent from Vir- 
ginia, to effect the establishment of a direct line 
of steamers between Norfolk and Havre, but the 
plan was defeated by the civil war. He was a 
delegate from Virginia to the Provisional Confed- 
erate congress that met at Richmond, July, 20, 
1861, where he still sought to prevent war. He 
was elected a senator from Virginia in the first 
Confederate congress, which met Feb. 22, 1862, 
being succeeded on his death by Allen T. Caper- 
ton. He died at Sinithfield, Va., Nov. 16, 1862. 
PRESTON, William Campbell, senator, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 27, 1794; son of 
Francis (q.v.) and Sarah (Campbell) Preston. 
His maternal grandmother was the sister of 
Patrick Henry. He matriculated at Washington 
college, Va., but was 
obliged to leave on 
account of ill health ; 
was graduated = at 
South Carolina col- 
lege, A.B., 1812, and 
studied law in the 
office of William Wirt 
of Richmond, Va. In 
1816 he went abroad 
for the benefit of his 
health. He formed 
the acquaintance of 
Washington Irving, 
with whom he trav- 
eled through Swit- 
zerland, Scotland, 
northern England and Wales, and attended 
the lectures at Edinburgh university. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1820, practised in Vir- 
ginia, 1820-22, and in 1822 settled in practice 
in Columbia, 8.C., in partnership with D. J. 
McCord. He was married first, in 1820, to Maria 
Coalter, and secondly, in 1831, to Penelope, 
daughter of Dr. James Davis of Columbia, 8.C. 
He was a representative in the South Carolina 
legislature, 1829-32, where he was a leader of 
the Nullification party ; was elected to the U.S 





senate from South Carolina asa Calhoun Demo. — 


crat, serving, 1833-39, and was re-elected for a 


second term to expire March 3, 1845, but resigned — 


in January, 1843, George McDuftin completing 
his term, and again took up his profession in 
Columbia. He was trustee of South Carolina 
college, 1823-46 and 1851-57; president of the 
college and professor of belles lettres, 1845-51, 


and during his administration greatly improved — 


the financial condition of the college and raised 
its standard. He received the degree LL.D. from 
Harvard in 1846 and established the Columbia 


[348] 














PREVOST 




































t henzum, presenting to it 3000 volumes from 
his ale library. He was a public speaker of 
tional reputation, and published a ‘‘ Eulogy on 
hS. Legaré” and several political, literary 
ind historical orations and addresses. He died 
a olumbia, 8.C., May 22, 1860, , 
EVOST, Charles Mallet, soldier, was born 
in Baltimore, Md., Sept. 19, 1818; son of Gen. 
*. Andrew M. ees coct! anative of Geneva, Switzer- 
and, who came to America in 1794, and was com- 
nder of the 1st Pennsylvania artillery in the 
ar of 1812, and grandson of Paul Henry Mallet 
Prevost who purchased a.tract of land at Alex- 
ndria (Frenchtown), Hunterdon county, N.J., 
in 1794. He was liberally educated ; was admitted 
0 the Philadelphia bar in 1839; was U.S. 
marshal for the territory of Wisconsin, 1841-45, 
and deputy collector of the port of Philadelphia 
for several years. He joined the volunteer army 
in 1861 ascaptain ; subsequently became assistant 
-adjutant-general on the staff of Gen. Frank Pat- 
‘terson; took part in the Peninsular campaign ; 
was promoted colonel, and transferred to the 
command of the 118th Pennsylvania volunteers 
in the 1st brigade, 1st division, 5th army corps, 
under Gen. Fitz-John Porter. In the battle of 
Antietam, Sept. 16-17, 1862, while rallying his 
‘ nen, he received two serious wounds from which 
he never fully recovered. He rejoined his regi- 
ment and fought at Chancellorsville, May 2-4, 1863, 
although deprived of the use of an arm,and was 
‘subsequently obliged to decline the appointment to 
“a ganize the Veteran reserve corps at Harrisburg, 
Pa., on account of his wounds, but accepted the 
re of the 16th regiment, Veteran volunteers, 
n that corps. He was appointed major-general, 
ist division, Pennsylvania national guard, 1865. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 5, 1887. 
PRICE, Andrew, representative, was born at 
Chatsworth Plantation, near Franklin, St. Mary’s 
parish, La., April 2, 1854; son of James B. and 
(Murphy) Price. and grandson of M. A. 
Maria (Barry) Price and of John B, and 
(Brashear) Murphy. He was graduated 
the law department of Cumberland uni- 
sity, Lebanon, Tenn., in 1875, and at Washing- 
on university, St. Louis, Mo., LL.B., in 1877; 
ised law in St. Louis, Mo., 1877-80, and in 
engaged in sugar planting at Thibodaux, 
He was married, June 26, 1879, to Anna M., 
hter of Edward James (q.v.) and Lavinia 
es) Gay of St. Louis Plantation, near 
Beatz, La. He was a member of the 
atic state central committee, 1884-88; a 
feris.the Democratic national convention 
and a Democratic representative from 
ré Louisiana district in the 51st congress, 
the vacancy caused by the death of his 
} “in-law, and was re-elected to the 52d, 53d 


PRICE 


and 54th congresses, serving. 1889-97. He served 
as a delegate-at-large to the constitutional con- 
vention of the state of Louisiana held in New 
Orleans in 1898, 

PRICE, George Washington Fergus, educa- 
tor, was born in Butler county, Ala., Sept. 24, 
1830. He was graduated at the University of 
Alabama, A.B., 1848, A.M., 1851; was principal 
of Eufaula academy, 1850-52; pastor of the 
Methodist church, Marianna, Fla., 1852-53 ; pro- 
fessor at Auburn Female college, 1853-56 ; pro- 
fessor in the Tuskegee Female college, 1856-58 ; 
president of that institution, 1858-72; superin- 
tendent of the Nitre and Mining bureau, Con- 
federate States government, 1863-64; president 
of Huntsville Female college, 1872-80 ; and in 1880 
established and in 1881 became president of the 
Nashville College for Young Ladies, which closed 
its doors in June, 1899, after having enjoyed a 
remarkable growth, its pupils at the death of 
President Price numbering over 500. He received 
the degree D.D. from the University of Alabama, 
1876. He died in Nashville, Tenn., April 1, 1899. 

PRICE, Hiram, representative, was born in 
Washington county, Pa., Jan. 10, 1814. He at- 
tended the common schools ; was a merchant’s 
clerk; engaged in farming for a time ; was mar- 
ried in 1834 to Susan Betts, and in 1844 removed 
to Davenport, lowa, where he established him- 
self as a merchant. He served as school-fund 
commissioner of Scott county for eight years; 
collector, treasurer and recorder of the county 
for seven years, and was president of the state 
bank of Iowa, 1859-66, during which time the 
thirteen branches of that bank were changed to 
national banks without the loss of a dollar. He 
was paymaster-general of lowa in 1861, and as the 
state had no public funds, he quartered and sub- 
sisted about 5,000 infantry and cavalry for several 
months from his individual means and also 
advanced $5,000 tou pay off the Ist, 2d and 3d 
Jowa regiments. He wasa Republican representa- 
tive from Iowain the 88th, 389th, 40th congresses, 
1863-69, serving in the 39th congress as chairman 
of the committee on the Pacific railroad and as a 
member of the committee on Revolutionary 
pensions. He subsequently spent some time in 
Europe; was re-elected to the 45th and 46th 
congresses, serving, 1877-81, and in 1880 declined 
re-nomination. He was U.S. commissioner of 
Indian affairs, 1881-85. He died in Washington, 
D.C., May 30, 1901. 

PRICE, Rodman McCamley, governor of New 
Jersey, was born in Sussex county, N.J., May 5, 
1816. He attended the College of New Jersey but 
did not graduate, owing to ill health, and later 
became a lawyer. He was appointed purser in 
the U.S. navy, Nov. 5, 1840, serving on the Ful- 
ton, and on the frigate Missouri when destroyed 


[349] 


PRICE 


by fire in 1841 at Gibraltar; was transferred to 
the Cyane, and joined the squadron of Commodore 
Sloat at Monterey, Cal., where he advised and 
aided in taking formal possession of that country, 
July 7, 1846. He was appointed prefect and al- 
calde, and was the first citi- 
zen of the United States to 
exercise judical functions in 
California. He carried secret 
dispatches to General Scott 
in Mexico, and a report of 
the military and naval oper- 
ations to President Polk in 
Washington. On his return to California he was 
a member of the convention that framed the state 
constitution, and was appointed naval agent of 
the Pacific coast. He resigned from the U.S. navy, 
Dec. 16, 1850, and in returning to New Jersey on 
the steamer Orleans, which was burned at St. 
John, he lost large sums of money, valuable 
papers, vouchers and accounts. He was a Demo- 
cratic representative from New Jersey in the 32d 
congress, 1851-53; was defeated for re-election ; 
and was governor of New Jersey, 1854-57. During 
his term the normal school of the state was estab- 
lished; the militia system improved; the first 
life-saving apparatus and stations on the New 
Jersey coast organized, and the exclusive rights 
and privileges, granted to the Camden and Am- 
boy railroad in 1830, were settled by fixing a date 
to terminate the monopoly. He was involved in 
a litigation with the U.S. government, which ex- 
tended from 1850 to 1890, in which he sought to 
recover $75,000 advanced to his successor, the naval 
agent at California, pending the arrival of the 
government funds. In 1856 the government be- 
gan an unsuccessful counter-suit against him for 
money alleged to have been withheld by him as 
naval agent. He renewed his suit against the 
government for $75,000, and in 1890 congress 
ordered the payment of the claim, from which 
the sum of $60,000 was deducted by the Treasury 
officials. In 1892, however, the U.S. court of 
claims awarded him $45,704. He was arrested 
and imprisoned on a charge brought by the heirs 
of Samuel Forrest, U.S.N., of misappropriating 
the funds of that officer, and he died at Oakland, 
N.J., June 7, 1894, before the court reached a de- 
cision on his case. 

PRICE, Samuel, senator, was born in Fauquier 
county, Va., Aug. 18, 1805. His parents removed 
to Preston county in 1817, and he was fitted for 
the law. He practised first in Nicholas county, 
then in Braxton county, and subsequently in 
Lewisburg, Greenbrier county. He was clerk 
of the Nicholas county court, 1831; state’s attor- 
ney, 1833; represented Nicholas and Fayette 
counties in the Virginia legislature, 1834-86; was 
commonweaith’s attorney for Braxton county, 

[38 





5 


0) 


PRICE 


1836-50, and represented Greenbrier county in 
the legislature four terms, 1847-52. He was a 
member of the state constitutional convention of 
1850-51, and of the secession convention of 1861, 
where he opposed the measure but supported the 
Confederate States government. He was elected 
lieutenant-governor of Virginia and president of 
the state senate, 1863-65, and was appointed a 
U.S. circuit judge in 1865, but declined to take 
the prescribed oath. He was a delegate to the 
constitutional convention of West Virginia in 
1872, and president of that body ; an unsuccess- 
ful candidate for the U.S. senate in 1876, and 
was appointed U.S. senator to fill the vacancy 
caused by the death of Allen T, Caperton, serving 
from Dec. 4, 1876, to March 8, 1877. He died in 
Leesburg, W. Va., Feb. 25, 1884. 

PRICE, Sterling, soldier, was born in Prince 
Edward county, Va., Sept. 11, 1809; son of Pugh 
W. Price. Heattended Hampden-Sidney college, 
Va. ; studied law under Chancellor Creed Taylor 
in the clerk’s office at Prince Edward courthouse, 
and with his father’s 
family settled in 
Keytesville, Chariton 
county, Mo., in 1831. 
He was married, May 
14, 1833, to Martha, 
daughter of Capt. 
John Head of Ran- 
dolph county, Mo. 
He was a representa- 
tive in the Mis- 
souri legislature, and 
speaker of the house, 
1840-44, and a Demo- 
cratic representative 
from Missouri in the 
29th congress, 1845-46, 
resigning in 1846 to raise the 2d Missouri cavalry 
for service in the Mexican war. He was com- 
missioned colonel, Aug. 12, 1846, and with others 
his regiment made the march from Fort Leaven- 
worth, Kan., 1000 miles and upward to Santa Fe, 
where he was left with 2000 men, being assigned 
to the command of New Mexico by Gen. 8. W. 
Kearny, who commanded the expedition and was 
en route to the Pacific. An insurrection was_ 
planned by the Mexicans in possession of the 
province, which was partially successful, but 
Colonel Price succeeded in routing the enemy at 
Puebla de Taos, convicted the leader of treason 
and gained possession of the whole province. 
For his action he was promoted brigadier-general 
of volunteers, July 20, 1847; was made military 
governor of Chihuahua, and defeated the Mex- 
icans at Santa Cruz de Rosales, March 16, 1848. 
He returned to Missouri in 1848, and engaged in 
farming at Bowling Green Prairie. He was gov- 








PRICE 




















































r of Missouri, 1853-57; state bank commis- 
Ov ier, 1857-61, and president of the conservative 
state convention that met March 4, 1861, and 
snuously opposed secession. The capture of 
Camp Jackson by Captain Lyon caused Price to 
. give his support to Governor Jackson, who ap- 
y ointed him major-general of the Missouri state 
ard, May 18, 1861, the state authorities having 
cided to resist the Federal troops, and in the en- 
ragement between Governcr Jackson and General 
Ly on at Booneville, June 17, 1861, the state 
militia was defeated and dispersed. General 
rice had meantime gathered 7000 men, mostly 
unarmed, at Carthage, Mo., and in three weeks 
had them armed and Miscip lined) Here he was 
joined by Gen. Ben McCulloch and. Gen. N. B. 
Pearce with Confederate troops and Arkansas 
militia. and with General McCulloch as com- 
mander-in-chief, defeated the Federals under 
Lyon and Sigel at Wilson’s Creek, within ten 
miles of Springfield, Mo., Aug. 10, 1861, where 
General Lyon was killed. General Price ad- 
vanced to Springfield, sending Gen. J. S. Rains 
fo clear the western counties of Federal maraud- 
ing bands; captured Lexington and 3500 men 
under Colonel Mulligan, with 300 stands of small 
arms and immense stores, Sept. 21, 1861, and 
vent into winter quarters at Springfield, whence 
he was driven into Arkansas by Gen. S. R. Curtis, 
eb. 12, 1862. He was commissioned major-gen- 
. March 6, 1862; joined Gen. Earl Van Dorn’s 
army, and had command of nine divisions made 
up of Missouri state guard and volunteer troops. 
After the battle at Pea Ridge (Elkhorn), Ark., 
March 7, 1862, where he was again wounded, 
= rowly escaping death, he was assigned the 
ame month to the command of the Army of the 
st. He was ordered to reinforce Beauregard 
Sorinth in April, and after Beauregard with- 
from the field of Shiloh, April 7, 1862, Price 
his army was ordered to Memphis, but at 
proeéeded to Corinth to join the army under 
regard, where Bragg, Van Dorn, Polk, Har- 
ee and Breckinridge had their respective forces. 
‘determined on May 30th to evacuate Corinth 
ake a stand at Tupelo, and after Bragg had 
command Price was ordered to march 
1. He took possession of Iuka, Miss., Sept. 
, 1862, his plan being to draw the Federal 
roops from Corinth and enable Van Dorn to 
ipture it. His Army of the West was attacked 
by Rosecrans at Iuka, Sept. 19, 1862, and de- 
d, after which he joined Van Dorn in an 
ita k on Corinth, which movement resulted in 
d ous defeat, Oct. 2-4, 1862. He was at- 
ed to the Department of East Mississippi and 
uisiana under Gen. John C. Pemberton during 
at of 1862-63; on Feb. 7, 1863, was sent 
rt to Gen. E. Kirby Smith, who had re- 


PRICE 


lieved Gen. T. H. Holmes, and was assigned to 
the command of Hindman’s division at Little 
Rock, Ark., April 1, 1863. He was ordered to 
move upon Helena, and on July 4th succeeded in 
capturing Graveyard Hill. OnJuly 25th, Holmes 
having been obliged to fall back to the White 
River, too ill to continue the campaign, Price suc- 
ceeded to the command of the District of Arkan- 
sas and concentrated his force of 7749 men for 
the defence of Little Rock, which place he began 
to fortify. He was driven from Little Rock, Sept. 
10, 1863, by Gen. Frederick Steele, but he re- 
treated undisturbed to Arkadelphia, and on Sept. 
25, Holmes resuming command, Price was given 
command of the district of Arkansas south of 
Camden. On April 26, 1864, he assumed full 
command of the Arkansas and Missouri divisions ; 
fought the battle of Jenkins’s Ferry, April 30, 
1864, and was driven back, after which he organ- 
ized his force for an expedition into Missouri, 
which he led in person, making St. Louis his ob- 
jective point. He attacked Pilot Knob, Sept. 27, 
1864, and successfully drove the Federal army 
under Ewing within the fortifications of St. 
Louis, but he was repulsed by Gen. A. J. Smith 
and changed his line of march toward Jefferson 
City, the state capital, followed by the Federal 
forces from St. Louis. This opposition deter- 
mined him to abandon his purpose and march 
into Kansas. En route he conscripted all able- 
bodied men, largely augmenting his force ; fought 
a successful battle with Blunt at Lexington, Mo., 
Oct. 21, 1864, but was routed by Pleasonton’s 
cavalry on the 22d, east of Independence, and 
on the 23d made a stand near Westport, where, 
after maintaining his ground all day, he was 
compelled to fall back at night and retreated 
along the state line southward. At Mine Creek, 
Linn county, Kansas, he formed another line of 
battle on the 25th, when the Federal cavalry 
broke his line, capturing Generals Marmaduke and 
Cahill and most of his artillery. He made 
another stand at Newtonia on the 28th, where he 
gave a stubborn fight, but was finally forced to 
fall back and crossed the Arkansas river above 
Fort Smith. General Price reported: ‘‘I have 
marched 1434 miles, fought 43 battles and skir- 
mishes, captured and paroled over 8000 Federal 
officers and men, captured 18 pieces of artillery, 
3000 stands of arms and 16 colors . . and des- 
troyed property to the cost of $10,000,000 ; with 
a loss of 10 pieces of artillery and 1000 small 
arms. . I do not think I lost 1000 prisoners... . 
I brought with me 5000 recruits.” In 1865 he 
settled in Cordoba, Mexico, intending to forma 
colony of Southern emigrants, but his plan not 
meeting with favor, he retired to St. Louis, where 
he engaged in the commission business. He 
died in St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 29, 1867. 


[351] 


PRICE 


PRICE, Thomas Lawson, representative, was 
born near Danville, Va., Jan. 19, 1809; son of 
Major Price, a wealthy tobacce planter ; grand- 
son of William Price, and a descendant of Eng- 
lish ancestry, who settled in Virginia in the 
seventeenth century. On the death of his father 
in 1831, he removed to Missouri, and in 1882 
located in Jefferson City. He was married, first 
in 1830, to Lydia Botton of Casewell county, 
N.C. ; and secondly, April 20, 1854, to rey 
V.. daughter of Isaac Long of Page county, V 
He invested in real estate in both St. Louis aad 
Jefferson City, and in 1838 started the first stage 
line between those points and carried the U.S. 
mail. Subsequently he controlled all the im- 
portant stage lines in the state, and was a lessee 
of the state penitentiary. He was the first 
mayor of Jefferson City, 1839-40; was defeated 
as a candidate for state senator in 1845; was ap- 
pointed brevet major-general of the 6th division 
of the Missouri militia in 1847, and was elected 
lieutenant-governor of the state on the Demo- 
cratic ticket in 1849. He headed the Benton 
faction at the Democratic national convention 
in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1856, when they were re- 
fused admission. He represented Cole county in 
the state legislature in 1860, and in 1861 adhered 
to the Union cause and was appointed brigadier- 
general of state militia by Gen. John C, Frémont, 
Sept. 21, 1861, for the term expiring July 17, 1862. 
He was elected a representative to the 37th con- 
gress to take the place of John W. Reid, expelled, 
serving from Jan. 21, 1862, to March 3, 1863 ; was 
defeated for the 38th congress in 1862 and for 
governor of Missouri in 1864, and was a delegate 
to the Democratic national conventions of 1864 
and 1868. He was also a delegate to the Union 
convention at Philadelphia in 1866. He was in- 
fluential in inducing the state to lend its aid to 
the construction of the Iron Mountain and the 
Hannibal and St. Joseph railroads; was a con- 
tractor in the construction of the Missouri Pacific 
and the Kansas Pacific railroads, and a fund 
commissioner and director of the latter road. 
He died in Jefferson City, Mo., July 16, 1870. 

PRICHARD, Sarah Johnson, author, was born 
in Waterbury, Conn., Jan. 11, 1830; daughter of 
Elizur Edwin and Betsey Jeanette (Cooper) 
Prichard ; granddaughter of David, Jr., and 
. Anna (Hitcheok) Pritchard, and of Asa and 
Hannah (Botsford) Cooper, and a descendant in 
the seventh generation from Roger and Elizabeth 


(Prudden) Pritchard and in the eighth generation® 


from John and Mary Cooper. She was a student 
at Waterbury academy ; at Dwight Place semi- 
nary, New Haven, Conn., 1846-47, and was gradu- 
ated from Mrs. Emma Willard’s seminary, Troy, 
N.Y., in 1849, stbsequently devoting herself to 
literature and historical research. She served as 


Uniform (1863); Joe and Jim (1865); The Old 


[352] 


PRIESTLEY 


vice-president of the Mattatuck Historical society, 
and was elected a member of the American His- 
torical society. She is the author of: Martha’s 
Hooks and Eyes (1859); Hugh’s Fire on the Moun- 
tain (1861) ; Nat’s Shoes (1862); Kenny Carle's 




























Stone Chimney (1865); Margie’s Matches (1866); 
Faye Mar of Stone Cliff (1868); Rose Marbury 
(1870); Shawney and the Lighthouse (1871); Aunt 
Sadie’s Cow (1872); History of Waterbury, 1674- 
1784 (1896) ; The Only Woman in Town (1898), 
and many magazine articles and stories. 
PRIEST, Ira Allen, educator, was born in 
Mechanicsville, Vt., May 20, 1856; son of Darius 
D. and Emaline (Graves) Priest; grandson of 
Ethan and Hannah (Dawley) Priest and of Ly- 
man and (Richardson) Graves, and a de- 
scendant of Elijah Priest, a veteran of the Reyo- | 
lution, who was a descendant of Degorie Priest 
of the Mayflower. He was graduated at Tufts — | 





college, Medford, Mass., Ph.B., 1884, A.M., 1887, 
and §.T.B., 1887; and was married, June 28, 1887, | 
to Eva N., daughter of Jesse and Belle (Shepherd) — 
Hall of Lacon, Ill. He was ordained to thal 
ministry at Monson, Mass., in October, 1887, and 
was pastor of Universalist churches at Monson, 
1887-89 ; Adams, 1889-92; Newtonville, 1892-96; | 
Akron, Ohio, 1896-97, and president of Buchtel | 
college, Akron, Ohio, 1897-1901. In 1903 he was — 
engaged in reading law in Akron, Ohio. He re-_ 
ceived the degree of D.D. from Tufts college in 
1898, and was commissioned chaplain in the Ohio 
national guards in 1899. j 
PRIESTLEY, Joseph, scientist, was born at 
Fieldhead, near Leeds, Yorkshire, England 
March 13, 1733; son of Jonas and — (Swift) 
Priestley. His father was a woolen cloth-dresser, 
and his mother died in 1740. He was adopted by 
his aunt, Mrs. Keighley, in 1742, and was edu- | 
cated under her direction. He attended the 
theological academy at Daventry, Northampton- 
shire, 1752-55, intending to become a dissenting 
minister ; preached for a time in an obscure 
meeting-house in Suffolk, but was not successful, 
owing to his Arian views. He taught school at 
Nantwich, Cheshire, 1758-61, and was tutor in~ 
languages and belles-lettres at a new dissenting 
academy at Warrington, Lancashire, 1761-67. 
He was married in 1762 to a daughter of Isaac 
Wilkinson, an iron-master near Wexham, Wales. 
While at Warrington, he was ordained to the | 
dissenting ministry and preached in the chapel 
there. He met Benjamin Franklin about this 
time and became greatly interested in the study 
of electricity ; and when, 1767-73, he was settled 
over a church at Leeds, he divided his time 
between the study of theology and of science 
For five years he held the position of literary 
companion to the Earl of Shelburne, ae was 








a PRIESTLEY 
> 
thus enabled to travel in Europe and study in 
England. Chemical laboratory work was new to 
Priestley, and the simplicity and ingenuity of-his 
apparatus is remarkable, many of his devices 
being used to-day. He discovered nitric acid 
(HNO) in 1772, and two years later discovered 
oxygen, and demonstrated its superiority to air 
asa supporter of animal life. In the next five 
years he discovered many important chemical 
compounds, and his accuracy in determining 
their properties is noteworthy. He was settled 
over a dissenting congregation in Birmingham, 
1780, and owing to political and religious antag- 
onism, his chapel. laboratory and library were 
destroyed, July 14, 1791. He fled to London, and 
jin 1794, after he had received damages to the 
mount of over £2,500, he sailed for New York. 
There he was warmly received, but declined 
many flattering invitations to lecture, preferring 
to make his home with his sons, who had 
_ previously settled in Northumberland, Pa. He 
delivered two series of theological lectures and 
declined the presidency of the University of 
North Carolina. <A laboratory was built for him 
at Northumberland, and he continued his experi- 
ments, exhibiting that exactness and accuracy 
of detail that make his experiments so valuable. 
He received the degree of LL.D. from Edinburgh, 
and in 1766 was elected a member of the Royal 
society. A monument was erected to him at 
Leeds, a statue of him was placed in the corridor 
of the museum at Oxford in 1860, and in 1874 a 
statue to his memory was erected in Birming- 
ham. Dr. Priestley wrote more than three 
hundred books, the most significant of which 
are: Rudiments of English Grammar (1761); 
Course of Lectures on the Theory of Language 
and Universal Grammar (1762); History and 
Present State of Electricity, with Original Ex- 
; ne iments (1767); Discoveries in Vision, Light and 
Colors (2 vols., 1772); Experiments and Observa- 
tions Relating to Natural Philosophy with a Con- 
tinuation of the Observations on Air (3 vols., 1779- 











































6); Lectures on History and General Policy 
( 778); Evidence of Revealed Religion (1784): 
ters to Rt. Hon. E. Burke, occasioned by his 
Reflections on the Revolution in France (1791); 
Answer to Mr. Paine’s Age of Reason (1795) ; 
Comparison of the Institutions of Moses with 
those of the Hindoos and other Nations (1799); 
eneral History of the Christian Church to the 
‘Fall of the Western Empire (4 vols., 1802-03); 
Notes on all the Books of Scripture (1803), and 
% 2 Doctrine of Heathen Philosophy compared 
4 ith those of Revelation (1804). See John Corry’s 
a’ ife of J. Priestley ” (1805); ‘‘ Memoirs of Dr. 
eph Priestley to the Year 1795, Written by 
self, with a Continuation to the Time of his 


Martin as tutor, 


3; Early Opinions Concerning Christ (4 vols., ~ 


PRIME 


Decease by his Son, Joseph Priestley ” (1806-07); 
and ‘* The Scientific Correspondence of the Rev. 
Joseph Priestley” by Dr. H. Carrington Bolton. 
He died in Northumberland, Pa., Feb. 6, 1804. 
PRIESTLY, James, educator, was born either 
in Pennsylvania or Virginia, and early in life 
removed to Kentucky. He was elected the second 
president of Cumberland university (University 





CUMBERLAND 
UNIVERSITY 


ti“ 


of Nashville), Tenn., Oct. 24, 1809, and began his 
administration in January, 1810, with the Rev. 
William Hume as assistant professor and George 
They constituted the teaching 
force until the college exercises were suspended 
in October, 1816. In November, 1820, the insti- 
tution was again opened, and Dr. Priestly served 
as its president until his death, Philip Lindsley 
succeeding to the presidency in 1824. He died 
in Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 6, 1821. 

PRIME, Benjamin Youngs, physician, was 
born in Huntington, L.I., N.Y., Dec. 20, 1733; 
son of the Rey. Ebenezer and Experience (Youngs) 
Prime. He was graduated at the College of New 
Jersey, A.B., 1751, A.M., 1754, studied medicine 
under Dr. Jacob Ogden at Jamaica, L.I., and 
practised at Easthampton. He was a tutor in 
the College of New Jersey, 1756-57 ; went abroad 
in 1762; visited medical schools in Europe ; was 
graduated at the University of Leyden, M.D., 
1764, and in the same year began practice in 
New York city. He published ‘‘ A Song for the 
Sons of Liberty in New York” on the passage of 
the stamp act in 1765, He was married, Dec. 
18, 1774, to Mary (Wheelwright) Greaton, widow 
of the Rev. John Greaton of Huntington, L.I. 
He retired to Huntington, L.I., previous to 1775, 
and in that year was forced to flee to Connecti- 
cut, where he remained until the conclusion of 
peace in 1783, after endeavoring in vain to secure 
acommission in the army. He received the 
degree of A.M. from Yale in i760. He is the 
author of : The Patriot Muse, or Poems on Some 
of the Principal Events of the Late War: 
Together with a Poem on Peace (1764); Colum- 
bia’s Glory, or British Pride Humbled: A Poem 
on the American Revolution (1791). After his 


[353] 


PRIME 


death various of his poems were collected and 
published as: Muscipula: Sive Cambromyoma- 
chia; The Mouse-Trap: or the Battle of the 
Welsh and the Mice: in Latin and English. 
With other Poems in different languages, By an 
American (1840). He died in Huntington, L.L., 
INE Yee OCt mo lneuine le 

PRIME, Ebenezer, clergyman, was born in 
Milford, Conn., July 21,1700; grandson of James 
Prime of Huguenot descent, who emigrated from 
Doncaster, Yorkshire, England, with his brother 
Mark, and settled in Milford, Conn.,in 1644. 
He was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1718, AGIs, 
1721; studied for the ministry under the Rev. 
Samuel Andrew, A.M., president pro tempore of 
Yale, 1707-19; was assistant to the Rev, Eliphalet 
Jones at Huntington, L.I., N.Y., 1719-23; was 
ordained to the Congregational ministry, June 
5, 1723, and was pastor at Huntington, 1723-79, 
organizing the presbytery of Long Island in 1747. 
He was a staunch patriot during the Revolution, 
although he suffered much. He was driven from 
his home and church in his old age, both build- 
ings being occupied by British troops who de- 
stroyed his library, and after his death Count 
Rumford tore down the church and used the 
materials in building barracks and block-houses 
in the grave yard. He was married first, Oct. 2, 
1723, to Margaret, daughter of Nathaniel Sylves- 
ter of Shelter Island; secondly, Nov. 12, 1730, 
to Experience, daughter of Benjamin Youngs of 
Southold, L.I., N.Y., and thirdly, March 10, 1751, 
to Hannah Carll of Huntington, L.I., N.Y. He 
published: Ordination to the Gospel Ministry, 
sermon (1754); The Pastor at Large Vindicated 


(1758); The Divine Institution of Preaching the- 


Gospel Considered (1758), and The Importance of 
the Divine Presence with the Armies of God’s 
People in their Martial Enterprises (1759). He 
died in Huntington, L.1.,N.Y., Sept. 25, 1779. 
PRIME, Edward Dorr Griffin, clergyman and 
author, was born in Cambridge, N.Y., Nov. 2, 
1814; son of the Rey. Nathaniel Scudder (q.v.) 
and Julia Ann (Jermain) Prime. Edward D. G. 
Prime was prepared for college at Washington 
academy, Cambridge, N.Y.; was graduated at 
Union, A.B., 1832, A.M., 1835, and taught in his 
father’s academy at Mount Pleasant, Sing Sing, 
1832-35. He studied medicine under Dr, Adrian 
K. Hoffman, but abandoned it for the ministry, 
and was graduated at Princeton Theological 
seminary in 1838. He was licensed to preach by 
the North River presbytery, May 16, 1858; was 
assistant pastor of the church at Scotchtown, 
N.Y., 1838-47; was ordained, June 12, 1839, and 
was sole pastor, 1847-51. He spent the winters of 
1850 and 1851 in New Orleans, La., and Augusta, 
Ga., respectively ; was pastor of the Presbyterian 
church on Eighty-Sixth St., New York city, 1852- 


PRIME 


86; was editor of the New York Observer, 1853-54, 
during the absence of his brother Samuel 
Irenzeus in Europe, associate editor of that. 
paper, 1854-85, and editor-in-chief, 1885-86, when 
he resigned, owing to ill-health. He was chaplain 
of the American embassy in Rome, 1854-55 ; 
traveled extensively in Europe during that sum- 
mer, and made a journey around the world, 1868- 
70. He contributed to the Observer while on his 
travels under the signature of ‘‘ Eusebius,” and 
preached and lectured on the religious conditions 
of various countries, on his return, in New York, 
Philadelphia and other large cities. He was. 
married first, Sept. 26, 1839, to Maria Darlington, 
daughter of John 8. Wilson of Princeton, N.J., 
and secondly, June 14, 1860, to Abbie Davis, 
daughter of the Rev. William Goodell of Con- 
stantinople. He received the degree D.D. from 
Jefferson college, Pa., in 1857. 
of: Around the World: Sketches of Travel 
Through Many Lands and Over Many Seas: 
(1872): Forty Years in the Turkish Empire ; or 
Memoirs of Rev. William Goodell, D.D. (1876);. 
Notes, Genealogical, Biographical and Biblio- 
graphical of the Prime Family, printed privately 
(1888). He died in New York city, April 7, 1891. 

PRIME, Nathaniel Scudder, clergyman, was. 
born in Huntington, L.I, N.Y., April 21, 1785; 
son of Dr. Benjamin Youngs and Mary (Wheel- 
wright) Greaton Prime. He was graduated from 
the College of New Jersey, A.B., 1804, A.M., 
1807; studied theology in Huntington, Long 
Island, under the Rev. William Schenck (Prince- 
ton, 1767), pastor of the Presbyterian church 
at Huntington; was licensed to preach by the 
presbytery of Long Island, Oct. 10, 1805, and 
performed missionary work for several months. 
He was pastor at Sag Harbor, L.I., 1806-09; was. 
married, July 5, 1808, to Julia Ann, daughter of 
Maj. John and Margaret (Pierson) Jermain of 
that place; was ordained, Oct. 24, 1809. and was. 
pastor at Smithtown and Fresh Pond, 1809-11 ; 
at Milton, 1811-12, and at Cambridge, 1813-30, 
being also principal of Washington academy, 
Cambridge, 1821-80. He was principal of Mount. 
Pleasant academy, Sing Sing, N.Y., 1830-35, and 
in 1831 established a seminary for young women at. 
Sing Sing under the charge of his daughter, which 
acquired a high reputation. He wasalso pastor at. 
Sing Sing, 1831-35, and engaged in missionary 
work in Newburgh, N.Y., 1835-48. He wasactive 
in moral reform in 1811, and preached a temper- 
ance sermon which resulted in the presbytery 
of Long Island voting against the use of ardent 
spiritsand wine. He wasatrustee of Middlebury 
college, Vermont, 1822-26; of Williams college, 
Massachusetts, 1826-31, and received the degree 
D.D. from the College of New Jersey in 1848, 
He is the author of: A Collection of Hymius 


[854] 


tne «+ alll 


Z 


He is the author 


h pmaty = 


77 -@&is 


“ee 














; 
Us 





PRIME 


(1809); The Pernicious Effects of Intemperance, 
asermon (1812); An Address to the Cambridge 
Branch of the Moral Society of Washington 
County (1815); A Plan for the More Successful 
Management of Domestic Missions (1816); Divine 
Truth, the Established Means of Sanctification, a 
sermon (1817); A Familiar Illustration of Chris- 
tian Baptism (1818); The Year of Jubilee but not 
to Africans (1825) ; History of Long Island (1845). 
He died in Mamaroneck, N.Y., March 27, 1856. 
PRIME, Samuel Irenaeus, editor, was born 
in Ballston, N.Y., Nov. 4, 1812; son of the Rev. 
Nathaniel Scudder and Julia Ann (Jermain) 
Prime. He was graduated at Williams col- 
lege, 1829; taught in Washington academy and 
at Mount Pleasant, Sing Sing, N.Y., 1829-32, and 
attended Princeton Theological seminary, 1832-33. 
He was licensed to preach by the presbytery of 
Bedford in 1833 ; was principal of the academy 
at Weston, Conn., 1833-35, and was ordained by 
the presbytery of Albany, June 4, 1835. He was 
married first, Oct. 15, 1833, to Elizabeth Thornton, 
daughter of Edward Kemeys of Sing Sing, N.Y., 
and secondly, Aug. 17, 1835, to Eloisa Lemet, 
daughter of Moses Williams of Ballston Spa, 
N.Y. He was pastor at Ballston Spa, 1835-36 ; 
principal of the academy at Newburgh, N.Y., 
1836-37, and pastor at Matteawan, N.Y., 1837-40. 
He was editor of the New York Observer, 1840-49 
and 1851-85, and proprietor, 1858-85; visited 
Europe, Palestine and Egypt, 1853-54; made a 
second visit to Europe in 1866, anda third in 1876, 
and inall his travels wrote weekly contributions to 
the Observer, under the signature ‘‘ lrenzeus.” He 
was secretary of the American Bible society in 
1849, and editor of the Presbyterian at Philadel- 
phia, Pa., in 1850. He resided in Newark, N.J., 
Brooklyn, N.Y., and New York city. He was a 
delegate to the fifth general conference of the 
Evangelical alliance at Amsterdam in 1867 ; cor- 
responding secretary of the American alliance, 
1867-84; a vice-president and director of the 
American Tract society, and of the American 
and Foreign Christian union, and a founder and 





WELLS COLLEGE, 
AURORA,NY. ee! 


president of the New York Association for the 


Advancement of Science and Art. He was also 
president of Wells college for women at Aurora, 
N.Y., 1869-73; a trustee, 1870-85; trustee of 


PRIME > 


Williams college, 1869-85, and a member of 
various religious, benevolent and literary societies. 
He received the degree D.D. from Hampden- 
Sidney college in 1854. He contributed to 
Harper's Magazine for more than twelve years, 
and is the author of : The Old White Meeting-House 
(1845); Life in New York (1845); Annals of the 
English Bible (1849); Thoughts on the Death of 
Little Children (1852 ; 2d ed., 1865); Travels in 
Europe and the East (2 vols., 1855); The Power 
of Prayer, translated into French and Tamil 
(1858); The Bible in the Levant ; American Wit and 
Humor (1859); Letters from Switzerland (1860) ; 
Memoirs of Rev. Nicholas Murray, D.D. (1862); 
Kirwan (1862); Memoirsof Mrs. Joanna Bethune 
(1863); Five Years of Prayer and the Answers 
(1864); Fifteen Years of Prayer (1872); Walking 
with God (1872); The Alhambra and the Kremlin 
(1873); Songs of the Soul (1874): Life of S. F. B. 
Morse, LL.D. (1875); Irenceus Letters (1st ser., 
1880 ; 2d ser., 1885) ; Prayer and its Answer (1882). 
He died in Manchester, Vt., July 18, 1885. 

PRIME, William Cowper, journalist, was 
born in Cambridge, N.Y., Oct. 31, 1825; son of 
the Rev. Nathaniel Scudder and Julia Ann (Jer- 
main) Prime. He was graduated at the College 
of New Jersey, A.B., 1843, A.M., 1846; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1846, and practiced law in 
New York city, 1846-61. He was married, May 
1, 1851, to Mary, daughter of the Hon. Gurdon 
Trumbull of Stonington, Conn. He was part 
owner and one of the managers of the New York 
Journal of Commerce, 1861-84, and its editor-in- 
chief, 1861-69. He traveled in Europe and the 
Holy Land, 1855-56 and 1869-70, and studied 
the art of book illustration, making a collection 
of the woodcuts of the 15th and 16th centuries. 
He was elected first vice-president of the Metro- 
politan Museum of Fine Arts in 1874; received 
the degree of LL.D. from the College of New 
Jersey in 1875, and presented the art department 
of that institution witha very complete collection 
of pottery inmemory of his wife. He was elected 
professor of the history of art in the College of 
New Jersey in 1884, having been influential in 
establishing that chair. He contributed to mag- 
azines and reviews, including a weekly letter 
to the Journal of Commerce from 1846, and is the 
author of: The Owl Creek Letters and Other Cor- 
respondence (1848); The Old House by the River 
(1853); Later Years (1854); Boat Life in Egypt 
and Nubia (1857); Tent Life in the Holy Land 
(1857); Coins, Medals and Seals, Ancient and 
Modern (1861); O Mother Dear, Jerusalem ; The 
Old Hymn with its Origin and Genealogy (1865); 
I go a-fishing (1873); Holy Cross (1877), and 
Porcelain of All Times and Nations (1878). He 
also edited ‘* McClellan's Own Story,” (1886) and 
wrote the biographical sketch attached. 


[355] 


PRINCE 


PRINCE, George Washington, representative, 
was born in Tazewell county, Ill., March 4, 1854; 
son of Almyron and Barbara (Fast) Prince. He 
was graduated at Knox college, Galesburg, IIl., 
in 1878; was admitted to the bar in 1880, and 
settled in practice at Galesburg in the same year, 
He was married, April 20, 1882, to Lillie C., 
daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Hudson) 
Ferris of Galesburg, Ill. He was city attorney 
in 1881, chairman of the Republican central com- 
mittee of Knox county in 1884; a representative 
in the Illinois legislature, 1888-91; the Republi- 
can candidate for attorney-general of Illinois in 
1892, and a Republican representative from the 
tenth Illinois district in the 54th congress to 
complete the term of Gen. Philip Sidney Post, 
deceased, and in the 55th, 56th, 57th and 58th 
congresses, 1895-1905. 

PRINCE, Helen Choate, author, was born in 
Dorchester, Mass., Nov. 26, 1857; daughter of 
Edward Ellerton and Miriam Foster (Choate) 
Pratt; granddaughter of George and Abigail 
(Lodge) Pratt and of Rufus and Helen (Olcott) 
Choate; a paternal descendant of Governor 
Walley of Connecticut, and a maternal descend- 
ant of the first Choate, who made his home on 
Choate Island, Essex, Mass., early in the seven- 
teenth century. She received her education in 
private schools in Boston, Mass. She was mar- 
ried, June 7, 1881, to Charles Albert Prince of 
Boston, Mass., and after 1893 made her home in 
Paris, France. Her published books include: 
The Story of Christine Rochefort (1895); A 
Transatlantic Chatelaine (1897); At The Sign of 
the Silver Crescent (1898); The Strongest Master 
(1902). 

PRINCE, Henry, soldier, was born in East- 
port, Maine, June 19, 1811. He was graduated 
at the U.S. Military academy and assigned to 
the 4th U.S. infantry, Sept. 18, 1885; served in 
Florida, 1886-88, and was wounded in a skirmish 
at Camp Izard, Feb. 29, 1836. He was promoted 
2d lieutenant, June 11, 1838; 1st lieutenant, July 
7, 1838; served on frontier duty among the Creek 
Indians at Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, 1839-41, 
and in Florida, 1841-42. He was in garrison, 
1842-44 ; on coast survey and recruiting service, 
1844-46, and adjutant of the 4th infantry, 1846- 
47, being present at the capture of San Antonio, 
the battle of Churubusco and of Molino del Rey, 
where he was severely wounded. He was bre- 
vetted captain, Aug. 20, 1847, for Contreras and 
Churubusco; was promoted captain, Sept. 26, 
1847, and brevetted major, Sept. 8, 1847 for 
Molino del Rey. He was an invalid from his 
wounds, 1847-50 ; on coast survey duty, 1850-55 ; 
commanded Fort Steilacoom, Washington Ter- 
ritory, and on paymaster duty, 1855-58. He took 
part in the Utah campaign, 1858-59, and was 


PRINCE 


commissioned brigadier-general of U.S. volun- 
teers, April 28, 1862. In the battle of Cedar 
Mountain, Aug. 9, 1862, he commanded the 2d 
brigade in Augur’s 2d division, Banks’s 2d corps, 
and when General Augur was wounded he suc- 
ceeded to the command of the division. He was 
captured and held as a prisoner of war until 
December, 1862. He was brevetted lieutenant- 
colonel, U.S.A., for Cedar Mountain, and on his 
release took part in the operations in eastern- 
North Carolina early in 1863. He was ordered 
to Maryland in June, 1863, being engaged in the 
action at Wapping Heights, Va., July 23, and in 
the Rapidan campaign, October to December, 
1863, where he commanded a division in the 8d 
corps, and was prominent in the attack on the 
Confederates entrenched at Antioch Church, Novy. 
29, 1868. He commanded the district of Colum- 
bus, Ky., April to August, 1864; took part in the 
pursuit of Forrest’s raiders in Tennessee and 
Alabama, October to November, 1864, and com- 
manded a provisional division on the coast of 
South Carolina, January to May, 1865. He was 
brevetted colonel and brigadier-general, U.S.A., 
March 138, 1865, for gallant and meritorious ser- 
vices during the war and in the field; served on 
courts-martial in Washington, D.C., 1865-66, and 
was mustered out of the volunteer service, April 
30, 1866. He served as paymaster at Boston, 
Mass., 1866-69 ; as chief paymaster of the depart- 
ment of the east, 1869-71, and as paymaster in 
New York city, 1871-75. He was chief paymaster 
of the division of the Pacific, 1875-77; was pro- 
moted lieutenant-colonel, and made department 
paymaster-general, March 3, 1877, and was retired, 
Dec. 31, 1879. He committed suicide in London, 
England, Aug. 19, 1892. 

PRINCE, John Dyneley, philologist, was born 
in New York city, April 17, 1868; son of John 
Dyneley and Anna (Morris) Prince: grandson of 
John Dyneley and Mary (Travers) Prince and of 
Thomas. H. and Mary (Johnson) Morris, and 
great-grandson of Reverdy Johnson (q.v.). He 
was graduated from Columbia, A.B. in 1888; 
studied Semitic languages at Berlin university, 
Germany, 1889-91; was a fellow in Semitic 
languages at Johns Hopkins university, 1891-92, 
and was graduated from Johns Hopkins, Ph.D., 
in 1892. Hewas married, Oct. 5, 1889, to Adeline, 
daughter of Dr. Alfred L. Loomis of New York 
city. He represented Columbia university in the 
University of Pennsylvania expedition to Baby- 
lonia, 1888-89 ; was professor of Semitic languages 
and comparative philology at the New York 
university, 1889-1902, and dean of the graduate 
school, 1895-1902. He resigned his chair in 1902 
to accept the professorship of Semitic languages 
in Columbia university. He was elected a member 
of the American Oriental society, the American 


[356] 





21 














wv. 
é 





































c, PRINCE 
ographical society, the Society for Biblical 
srature and Exegesis, the American Philolog- 
io e 1 society and other organizations. He is the 
ithor of: Mene, Mene Tekel Upharsin; An 
A Historical Study of the Fifth Chapter of Daniel ; 
Translation of the Cyrus Cylinder and 
Annals of Nabonidus (1893); A Critical Com- 
mentary on the Book of Daniel (Leipzig, 1899), 
and contributions to various scientific periodicals. 
2 PRINCE, LeBaron Bradiord, governor of New 
Mexico, was born at Flushing, N.Y., July 8, 
1840; son of William Robert (q.v.) and Charlotte 
Goodwin (Collins) Prince, and a descendant of 
Governor William Bradford of Plymouth colony. 
He was graduated from Columbia, LL.B. 1866, 


winning the $200 
prize in _ political 
science. He was 


a delegate to all 
the Republican New 
York state conven- 
tions, 1866-79; to the 
Republican national 
conventions of 1868 
and 1876, and a mem- 
ber of the New York 
assembly five terms, 
1871-75, serving as 
chairman of the ju- 
dicial committee, 
1872-74, and conduct- 
ing the investigation 
in 1872 which resulted in the impeachment of 
Judges Barnard, Cardoza and McCunn. He 
served in the state senate, 1876-77, and declined 
the appointment as territorial governor of Idaho 
in 1878, accepting that of chief-justice of New 
‘Mexico, serving as such, 1878-82, and as governor 
of New Mexico, 1889-93. He was twice marriea : 
first, Dec. 1, 1879, to Hattie Estelle, daughter of 
S. Russell Childs of New York ; she died Feb. 
1880, and secondly, Nov. 17, 1881, to Mary 
herine, daughter of Col. Samuel R. Beardsley 
Oswego, N.Y. He was elected president 
the University of New Mexieo, 1882 ; was pres- 
lent of the Trans-Mississippi congress, 1892, 
; of the International Mining congress, 
é 7-98 and 1901 ; of the New Mexico Historical 
so ociety, Santa Fé, for over twenty years, 
? : the New Mexico Horticultural society, and of 
he board of regents of the New Mexico Agricul- 
al college. He was'a member of all the 
F fotestant Episcopal general conventions, 1877- 
1901, and in 1880 founded the American Church 
ding fund. He was also a member of various 
‘pe atriotic organizations. He received the degree 
.D. from Kenyon college and from Colorado 
ze in 1894. Heisthe author of books and 


PRINCE 


and history. He became an enthusiastic arche- 
ologist, and made a unique collection of ancient 
American stone idols. 

PRINCE, Oliver Hillhouse, senator, was born 
in New London, Conn., in 1782; son of William 
and Mary (Hillhouse) Prince ; grandson of Wil- 
liam and Mary (Holland) Prince and of Judge 
William and Sarah (Griswold) Hillhouse, and a 
descendant of Robert and Sarah (Warren) Prince 
of Salem Mass. He removed to Georgia with 
his parents in boyhood ; was admitted to the bar 
in 1806, and practised in Macon, 1806-19, being 
one of the five commissioners that laid out the 
town. He was married, Aug. 15, 1817, to Mary 
Rose Norman, daughter of George Norman and 
Sarah (Grace) Holt of Lincoln county, Ga. ; re- 
sided in Washington, Ga., 1819-22 ; in Bibb 
county, 1822-31 ; in Milledgeville, 1831-35, andin 
Athens, 1885-87. He was a state senator from 
Bibb county in 1828, when he was elected to the 
U.S. senate to fill the vacancy caused by the 
resignation of Thomas W. Cobb, completing his 
term, March 3, 1829. He is the author of several 
humorous sketches, including an account of a 
Georgia militia muster, which was translated 
into several languages. He was also a joint 
author of Georgia Scenes; and compiled Digest 
of the Laws of Georgia to December, 1820 (1822). 
He was lost in the wreck of the packet ship Home, 
near Ocracoke Inlet, N.C., Oct. 9, 1837. 

PRINCE, Thomas, clergyman, was born in 
Sandwich, Mass., May 15, 1687 ; son of Samuel 
and Mercy (Hinckley) Prince; grandson of John 
Prince and of Gov. Thomas Hinckley, both of 
Massachusetts colony, and great-grandson of the 


Rev. John Prince, a student at Oxford, and 
rector at East Shefford, Berkshire, England, 


who immigrated to America in 1633 ; settled first 
in Watertown; secondly in Hingham in 1635, 
and then in Hull, Mass. Thomas Prince was 
graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1707, A.M., 1710, 
probably studied theology there, 1707-09, and in 
1709 sailed for England by way of the West 
Indies, landing at London. After two months 
he sailed for the Island of Madeira, thence pro- 
ceeded to Barbadoes and thence again to Lon- 
don, reaching that port, Aug. 17, 1710. He 
attended lectures at Gresham college on law, 
medicine and theology ; lived chiefly at Coombs 
in Suffolk, where he preached occasionally, as 
he did in other towns in England, and returned 
to Boston on the packet Martha ard Hannah, 
arriving, July 21,1717. On July 28 he preached 
his first sermon in New England in the Old 
North chureh ; was ordained, Oct. 1, 1718, and 
became colleague of Dr. Joseph Sewall, pastor 
of the Old South church in Boston, where he 
continued until his death. He was married, 
Oct. 30, 1719, to Deborah Denny, who came in 


(357) 


PRINCE 


his company from Coombs, England, with her 
brother and friends, and their son, Thomas (1722- 
48), was graduated from Harvard in 1740, and 
founded and edited Christian History (1744-46). 
He commenced the collection of manuscript 
documents of the early history of New England 
in 1703, and later the writings of early New 
England clergymen, which he left to. the Old 
South church at his death. These were partly 
destroyed by the British in 1775-76; but those 
saved, together with his library which he began 
to accumulate as early as 1697, of both of which 
a catalogue was published by William H. Whit- 
more in 1868, and a second one with portrait in 
1870, are now a part of the Boston public library. 
He became eminent as a preacher, linguist and 
scholar, according to the opinion of Dr. Charles 
Chauncey being second only to Cotton Mather 
in New England. He published twenty-nine 
single sermons between 1717 and 1756, several 
of which were republished by the Massachusetts 
Historical society, and six of his manuscript dis- 
courses were published by Dr. John Erskine, 1785. 
He is the author of: An Account of a Strange 
Appearance in the Heavens (1719); Earthquakes 
the Works of God (1727); A Sermon on the Death 
of Cotton Mather (1728) ; Memoirs of Roger Clap 
of Dorchester (1731); A Vade Mecum for America: 
a Companion for Traders and Travelers (1782); 
an edition of John Mason’s History of the Pequot 
War, with introduction and notes (1786); A 
Thanksgiving Sermon occasioned by the Capture 
of Louisburg (1745); The New England Psalm- 
Book Revised and Improved (1758). He left a 
diary, and a work entitled: A Chronological His- 
tory of New England in the Form of Annals (vol. 
I., 1786; two numbers of Vol. II. 1755), followed 
by limited editions with memoir (1826), reprinted 
in London and Edinburgh. His complete bibli- 
ography, giving 121 titles, is given in ‘* History of 
the Old South Church, Boston,” Vol. II. (1890). 
He died in Boston, Mass.. Oct. 22, 1758. 

PRINCE, William, horticulturist, was born in 
Flushing, L.I., N.Y., Nov. 10, 1766; son of Wil- 
ham and Ann+(Thorne) Prince; grandson of 
Robert and Mary (Burgess) Prince, and a de- 
scendant of John Prince, who emigrated from 
England to America about 1670, and settled in 
Boston, Mass. William Prince attended schools 
at Jamaica and Flushing, and assisted his 
father, who was a horticulturist and proprietor 
of the first nursery established in America, 
known as the ‘Old American Nursery,” started 
in 1725. In 1793 he bought eighty acres of 
adjacent land and established the Linnean 
nurseries, which continued till 1870. He was 
married, Dec. 24, 1794, to Mary, daughter of Eli- 
phalet and Mary (Valenton) Stratton. He intro- 
duced many varieties of fruits into the United 


PRINGLE 


States, sent many trees and plants from America. 
to Europe and systematized the nomenclature of 
American fruits, including the Bartlett pear and 
Isabella grape. He was a corresponding member 
of the Linnean society of Paris, the horticul- 
tural societies of London and Paris, and the 
Imperial Society of Georgofili at Florence. The 
London horticultural society named the ‘* Wil- 
liam Prince” apple in his honor. A meeting of 
the most prominent foreign and American socie- 
ties met at his home in Flushing in 1823, when 
Gov. DeWitt Clinton crowned the bust of Lin- 
neus. He is the author of :‘A Treatise on Horti- 
culture (1828), the first work of its kind published 
in the United States, and Treatise on the Vine 
(with his son, William R., 1830). He died in 
Flushing, L.I., N.Y., April 9, 1842. 

PRINCE, William Robert, horticulturist, was 
born at Flushing, L.I., N.Y., Nov. 6, 1795; son 
of William (q.v.) and Mary (Stratton) Prince. 
He was educated at Jamaica academy, L.I., and 
at Boucherville, Canada, and engaged in con- 
ducting the Linneean nurseries with his father, 
until 1842, and subsequently alone. He was 
married, Oct. 2, 1826, to Charlotte Goodwin, 
daughter of Charles and Lydia (Bradford) Col- 
lins. He imported the first merino sheep into: 
the United States in 1816, and introduced silk 
culture and the morus multicaulis for feeding 
silk worms in 1837, wherein he lost a large for- 
tune owing to a change in the tariff, which des- 
troyed the industry. He was a delegate to the 
Whig national convention at Harrisburg, Pa., in 
1848 ; went to California in 1849; was a founder 
of Sacramento, and traveled in Mexico in 1851. 
He introduced the cultivation of osiers about. 
1835, of sorghum and the Chinese yam in 1854-55. 
He received the degrees M.D. and LL.D. about. 
1866. He was a member of the American Insti- 
tute, the National Pomological society and many 
other scientific societies, and is the author of : 
Treatise on the Vine (with his father, 18380) ; 
Pomological Manual (2 vols., 1882); Manual of 
Roses (1846) ; also numerous pamphlets on the 
mulberry, strawberry, dioscorea, and on medical 
botany, and about 200 descriptive catalogues of 
trees, shrubs, vines, plants and bulbs. He died 
at Flushing, L.I., March 28, 1869. ; 

PRINGLE, John Julius, statesman, was born 
in Charleston, 8.C., July 22, 1753; son of Judge 
Robert and Judith (Mayrant) Bull Pringle. 
Robert Pringle (1702-1776), born in Scotland, was: 
a merchant in Charleston, 8.C.,17380-76, and as- 
sistant justice of the court of common pleas for 
South Carolina, 1760-69. John Julius Pringle 
studied law in the office of Chief-Justice John 
Rutledge in Charleston, and at the Temple in 
London, England, and while in England pub- 
lished articles in defence of colonial rights which 


[858] 


o oF of chang 
2. 








PRITCHARD 
































































attracted attention. He went from England to 
‘France in 1776, and in 1778, Ralph Izard, U.S. 
commissioner to Tuscany, made him his secretary. 
He was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 
1781, and practised law in Charleston, 1781-1843. 
He wasa member and speaker of the house of 
assembly of South Carolina, 1787-89; U.S. dis- 
trict attorney for South Carolina, 1789-92, and 
attorney-general of South Carolina, 1792-1808, 
declining the position of U.S. attorney-general 
in the cabinet of President Jefferson in 1835. He 
was president of the board of trustees of the 
College of Charleston, and of the Charleston 
Library society. He died in Charleston, S.C., 

‘March 17, 1843. 

PRITCHARD, Jeter Connelly, senator, was 
born in Jonesboro, Tenn., July 12, 1857; son of 
‘William Hyder and Elizabeth L. (Brown) Pritch- 
ard. His paternal ancestors were from Wales 
and his maternal grandparents were natives of 
Ireland. Jeter C. Pritchard attended Martins 
Creek academy; learned the printer’s trade 
‘in the Tribune-Herald office at Jonesboro, and 
removed to Bakersville, N.C., in 1873, where 
he was joint-owner and editor of the Roan 
Mountain Republican, 1873-87; a presidential 
elector on the Garfield and Arthur ticket in 
1880, and a representative from Madison county 
in the state legislature, 1884, 1886 and 1890. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1887 and settled in 
_ practice in Marshall, N.C. ; was the Republican 
candidate for lieutenant-governor of the state in 
1888, and the party nominee for U.S. senator in 
1892. He was elected president of the North 
_ Carolina Protective Tariff league in 1891; was a 
_ delegate at large from North Carolina to the Re- 
publican national convention of 1892; a defeated 
andidate for representative in the 53d congress, 
and in April, 1894, was elected U.S. senator to 
‘fill the unexpired term of Z. B. Vance, deceased, 
and in 1897 was re-elected for the full term of six 
years expiring March 3, 1903. He was appointed 
iirman of the committee on patents and a 
nember of six other important committees. 

- PRIT CHETT, Carr Waller, educator, was born 
in Henry county, Va., Sept. 4, 1823; eldest son 
Henry and Martha Myra (Waller) Pritchett ; 

ndson of Joshua and Elizabeth (Cousins) Prit- 
tt and of Carr and Elizabeth (Martin) Waller ; 

gre at-grandson of John Pritchett of Lunenberg 
c ounty, Va., and of Gen. Joseph Martin of Henry 
Cc nty, Va. The ancestors of the Pritchett 
nily come from Wales early in the eighteenth 
tury and settled in Virginia and North Caro- 
a, the name being spelled both Pritchett and 
tchard in the old court records. His father 
oved with his family to Warren county, Mo., 
35, where Carr attended the common school, 
in 1844 he began to teach in private schools. 


PRITCHETT 


In 1846 he became a licentiate in the ministry of 
the Methodist church, and was for many ye ars a 
member of the Missouri annual conference. He 
was married in Pike county, Mo., Oct. 17, 1849, 
to Bettie Susan, daughter of Byrd and Sarah 
Hatcher (Woodson) Smith of Danville, Va.; she 
died at Glasgow, Mo., Nov. 27, 1872. He was an 
instructor in the Howard high school (subse- 
quently Central college), Fayette, Mo., up to the 
time of its suspension in 1864; was employed in 
the statistical department of the U.S. sanitary 
commission in Washington, D.C., 1864-66, and in 
1866 founded the Pritchett School Institute at 
Glasgow, Mo., of which he was president until 
1873, and which subsequently became Pritchett 
college against the written protest of Dr. Pritch- 
ett. In 1875 he became the first director of the 
Morrison Observatory (connected with the col- 
lege), which he was enabled to establish through 
the generosity of Miss Berenice Morrison. This 
position he still held in 1903. He received the 
honorary degree of A.M. from St. Charles college 
in 1850, and LL.D. from Central college in 1885. 
He wasa fellow of the Royal Astronomical so- 
ciety of London, 1879-99, and was made a mem- 
ber of the Virginia Historical society. 
PRITCHETT, Henry Smith, educator, was 
born in Fayette, Mo., April 16, 1857; son of Carr 
Waller (q.v.) and Betty Susan (Smith) Pritchett, 
He was graduated from Pritchett School Institute, 
A.B., 1875, A.M., 1879, and studied under Asaph 
Hall atthe U.S. Naval 
observatory in 1876. 
He was - assistant 
astronomer at the 
Naval observatory, 
1878-80 ; assistant as- 
tronomer in the Mor- 
rison observatory, 
1880-81 ; assistant 
professor of astron- 
omy at Washington 
university, St. Louis, 
Mo., 1881-82, and 
full professor, 1852- 
97. He was the as- 
tronomer on the tran- 
sit of Venus expedi- 
tion to New Zealand in 1882 





; had charge of the 
government party to observe the eclipse of the 


sun in California in 1889; was president of the 
St. Louis Academy of Science, 1891-94; engaged 
in scientific work in Europe, 1894-95, and was 
appointed superintendent of the U.S. coast and 
geodetic survey in 1897, which office he resigned 
in 1900 to accept the presidency of the Massachu- 
setts Institute of Technology, Boston. He was 
married in June, 1900, to Eva, daughter of Hall 
and Louise McAllister of San Francisco, Cal. He 


[359] 


PROCTER 


was appointed superintendent of awards at the 
Pan-American exposition of 1901. The degree of 
Ph.D. was conferred on him by the University 
of Munich in 1894; and that of LL.D. by Hamil- 
ton in 1900; Harvard in 1901; Yale in 1901; the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1901, and Johns 
Hopkins in 1902. He is the author of many 
valuable papers on astronomy. 

PROCTER, John Robert, geologist and civil 
service reformer, was born in Mason county, 
Kentucky, March 16, 1844; son of George Morton 
and Anna Maria (Young) Procter ; grandson of 
Abram Buford and Mary (Lurty) Procter, and of 





x Willoughby Tibbs 
and Judith (Cook) 
Young, and a de- 
scendant on both 


sides from soldiers of 
Virginia in the Revo- 
lution. He received 
his primary education 
in his native county ; 
took the scientific 
course in the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania, 
1863-64, and left to 
join the Confederate 
army in 1864, serving 
in the artillery as 
lieutenant, October, 
1864-April, 1865. He was married in 1869, to 
Julia Lesle, daughter of John Porter and Eliza- 
beth (Andrews) Dobyns, and had three sons; one 
of whom, André Morton, became leutenant in 
the U.S. navy ; another, John R., Jr., lieutenant 
in the artillery, U.S.A., both serving in the 
Spanish-American war, 1898. Mr. Procter made 
his home on his farm in Mason county, 1865-73 ; 
was assistant on the state geological survey, 
1878-80, and head of the survey from 1880 until 
its close in 1893, succeeding Professor Shaler. 
During his service he refused to make appoint- 
ments as awards for political services, or to re- 
move competent assistants who happened to be of 
opposite political party, being sustained in this 
course by the governors of the state until 1893. 
In that year the governor advocated the claims 
of certain of his political friends to appointment, 
and Mr. Procter advised that the survey be closed 
rather than used for advancing political in- 
terests. Heserved on the jury of awards on 
mines and mining during the Columbian exposi- 
tion at Chicago, 1893, and on Dec. 2, 1893, was 
appointed president of the U.S. civil service 
commission, which office he still held in 1903. 
He was elected a member of the Geological 
Society of America; a fellow of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science; 
president of the Cosmos club of Washington, and 


PROCTOR 


a member of the Century association of New 
York. His publications include reports on his 
work on the geological survey of Kentucky, and 
contributions to magazines on civil service, 
economic and international subjects. 

PROCTOR, Edna Dean, poet, was born in Hen- 
niker, N.H., Sept. 18, 1829; daughter of John and 
Lucinda (Gould) Proctor ; granddaughter of John 
and Hannah (Cogswell) Proctor and of Elias and 
Sally (Hilton) Gould, and a descendant of John 
Proctor of England (born 1595), who came to 
Ipswich, Mass., in 1635, and afterward removed 
to Salem. She entered Mount Holyoke seminary 
with the class of 1845; continued her education 
in Concord, N.H., and subsequently resided in 
Brooklyn, N.Y. She contributed to the New 
York Independent prose and verse, including 
The White Slaves, which interested the poet John 
G. Whittier, and resulted in a life-long friend- 
ship. She traveled extensively in foreign coun- 
tries ; edited Extracts from Henry Ward Beecher’s 
Sermons (1858), and is the author of: Poems 
(1866 and 1890); A Russian Journey (1872 and 
1890): The Song of the Ancient People (1893), and 
The Mountain Maid and other Poems of New 
Hampshire (1900). It was the chapter on Sevas- 
topol in A Russian Journey that moved tae Eng- 
lish to put their Crimean cemetery into proper 
condition and place a fitting monument therein. 
Among her best known poems are: Who’s 
Ready ?; The Grave of Lincoln; Heroes; By the 
Shenandoah ; El Mahdi to the Tribes of the Sou- 
dan; Columbia's Emblem, celebrating the maize, 
and widely copied and endorsed; Colwmbia’s 
Banner, read in the public schools throughout 
the country on Columbus day of the Columbian 
year; The Doom of the White Hills, influential 
in the movement to save the New Hampshire 
forests ; and New Hampshire. 

PROCTOR, Lucien Brock, author, was born 
in Hanover, N.H., March 6, 1826 3 son of Jonathan 
and Ruth (Carter) Proctor ; grandson of Jonathan 
and Martha (Graves) Proctor, and a descendant 
of Robert (who settled in Concord, Mass., about 


1643, and in Chelmsford, Mass., in 1654) and Jane 


(Hildreth) Proctor. He was graduated at Hamil- 
ton college, A.B., 1844, A.M., 1847; was admitted 
to the bar, and practised at Port Byron, N.Y., 
1847-49, and at Dansville, N.Y., 1849-63. In 1863 
he abandoned the practice of law to devote him- 
self to literature, becoming a regular contributor 
to the Albany Law Journal in 1869. He is the 
author of: The Bench and Bar of the State of 
New York (1870); Lives of the New York State 
Chancellors (1875); The Life and Times of Thomas 
Addis Emmet (1876); Lawyer and Client (1879); 
The Bench and Bar of King’s County (1883); The 
Legal History of Albany and Schenectady Coun- 
ties (1884); and Eurly History of the Board of 


[260] 





7 
> 








PROCTOR 



















































ents and the University of the State of New 
ork (1886). He revised and annotated Jabez D. 
Hammond’s “ Political History of the State of 
New York,” continuing it from 1844 to 1887, and 
“published many addresses, two notable ones being: 
Aaron Burr’s Political Career Defended (1885), 
‘and John C. Spencer’s Legal and Political Career 
(1886). He died in Albany, N.Y., April 1, 1900. 
PROCTOR, Mary, astronomer, was born in 
Dublin, Ireland ; daughter of Richard A. and 
y (Mills) Proctor, and granddaughter of Wil- 
Proctor, a solicitor of Chelsea, England. 
‘| fer father (1837-1888), St. John’s college, Cam- 
bridge, England, 1860, was a famous astronomer, 
author and lecturer, and founded and edited 
_ Knowledge, a scientific periodical, in 1881. Mary 
Proctor received a liberal education, and as her 
father’s constant companion from childhood, be- 
came deeply interested in his books, beginning 
to write on astronomical subjects under his direc- 
tion. The family removed to the United States 
in 1886, settling in New York city, and Miss Proc- 
tor continued her writing, making a specialty 
of books for children, and eventually becoming 
widely known as the ‘‘ children’s astronomer.” 
She made her first appearance as a lecturer at 
the Chicago exposition in 1893, where she won 
immediate popularity. She subsequently gave 
annual courses of free lectures to the general 
public in New York city under the auspices of 
‘the board of education ; was lecturer in various 
New York.private schools, and conducted tours 
throughout the principal cities of the United 
States and Canada. She was a member of the 
scientific expedition to Bodo, Norway, which 
was organized to observe the total eclipse of the 
‘su un, Aug. 8, 1896, and gave daily talks on _as- 
nomy on board the steam yacht Ohio, char- 
ed for the trip. She edited the scientific de- 
tment of Popular Astronomy; and was a 
mber of the American Association for the Ad- 
cement of Science, and the National Scientific 
of Washington, D.C. She is the author of : 
es of Starland (1898), and contributions to 
leading magazines and scientific publica- 


PROCTOR, Redfield, cabinet officer, was born 
Proctorsville, Vt., June 1, 1831; son of Jabez 
an | Betsy (Parker) eee grandson of Leon- 

d and Mary (Keep) Brsctor: and of Isaac and 
Bridget (Fletcher) Parker, and a direct descend- 
bes rom Robert Proctor, one of four brothers 
who came from London, England, to Salem, 
Mass., in the ship Susan & Ellen in 1635. He 


4 settled in Chelmsford, from which town 
ard Proctor, who had served as an officer in 


and was the first permanent settler of Proc- 


PROCTOR 


torsville. Redfield Proctor was graduated from 
Dartmouth college, A.B., 1851, A.M., 1854, and 
from the Albany Law School, LL.B., 1860. He 
was married, May 26, 1858, to Emily J., daughter 
of Salmon Fletcher and Sarah (Barlow) Dutton 
of Cavendish, Vt. He practised law in Boston, 
Mass., 1860-61, and in 
1861 joined the Fed- 
eral army as quarter- 
master of the 3d Ver- 
mont regiment ; was 
promoted major of 
the 5th regiment in 
September, 1861, and 
colonel of the 15th 
regiment of volun- 
teers in 1862. He 
served as a brigade 
and division quarter- 
master on the staff 
of Gen. William F. 
Smith, and was mus- 
tered out in 1863, 
He engaged in farming 





and in 
of law ; was receiver of a marble company, and 
on its reorganization in 1870 was elected man- 


the practice 


ager, developing the business until it became 
by far the largest marble-producing company 
in the world. He was a representative in the 
state legislature, 1867-68 and 1888; a member 
and president pro tempore of the state senate, 
1874-76 ; lieutenant-governor of the state, 1876- 
78; governor, 1878-80, and a delegate-at-large to 
the Republican national conventions of 1884, 1888 
and 1896, being chairman of the Vermont delega- 
tion in 1888 and in 1896. In March, 1889, he was 
appointed by President Harrison secretary of war 
in his cabinet, and resigned, Nov. 1, 1891, having 
been appointed by Governor Page to the U.S. 
senate, to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna- 
tion of George F. Edmunds. On Oct. 18, 1892, he 
was elected by the Vermont legislature to fill both 


‘the unexpired and the full terms, and in 1898 was 


re-elected for the term expiring March 3, 1905. 
He served in the senate as chairman of the com- 
mittee on agriculture and forestry, and as a 
member of the committees on fisheries, coast 
defenses, military affairs, District of Columbia, 
post offices, the Phillipines, and the select com- 
mittees on the University of the United States 
and industrial expositions. His son, Fletcher 
Dutton, succeeded him in the presidency of the 
Vermont Marble company in 1889; was a repre- 
sentative in the state legislature, 1890-91 and in 
1900-01, when he was elected speaker of that 
body, and was a member of the state senate in 
1891. In i902 Senator Proctor provided for the 
2500 employees of the Vermont Marble company 
alarge and beautifully furnished building, known 


[361] 


PROSSER 


as the Industrial Young Men’s Christian associa- 
tion, with all the conveniences of a club house, 
amusement hall and educational institution, ded- 
icating it to the moral and educational upbuild- 
ing of the men employed in the marble works. 

PROSSER, Charles Smith, educator and 
geologist, was born in Columbus, N.Y., March 
24, 1860; son of Smith and Emeline Amelia (Tut- 
tle) Prosser; grandson of William and Mary 
(Herrick) Prosser, and of James and Rebecca 
(Crandall) Tuttle, and a descendant of William 
and Elizabeth Tuttle of St. Albans, England, who 
came to America in the ship Planter and landed 
at Boston about July 1, 1635. He was graduated 
from Corneil university, B.S., 1883, M.S., 1886 ; 
was a fellow in natural history at Cornell, 1884- 
85; and instructor in paleontology there, 1885- 
88, and assistant paleontologist on the U.S. geo- 
logical survey, 1888-92. He was married, Aug. 
28, 1893, to Mary Frances, daughter of Thomas 
and Mary Frances Wilson of Albany, N.Y. He 
was professor of natural history at Washburn 
college, Topeka, Kan., 1892-94: professor of 
geology and paleontology at Union college, 
Schenectady, N.Y., 1894-99 ; was elected associate 
professor of historical geology in Ohio State uni- 
versity in 1899, and professor of geology in 1901. 
He was assistant geologist on the U.S. Geological 
survey, 1898-94 and from 1900; on the state 
geological survey of Kansas, 1896; New York, 
1895-99; Ohio from 1900, and chief of the Appal- 
achian division of the Maryland geological survey 
from 1897. He was made a fellow of the geolog- 
ical Society of America and of the American 
Association forthe Advancement of Science, and 
a member of the Congrés Géologique Interna- 
tional and other scientific societies. He pub- 
lished numerous papers and reports on the geol- 
ogy of Arkansas, Kansas, Nebraska, Pennsyl- 
vania, Maryland, New York and Ohio, and is the 
author of: The Devonian System of Eastern 
Pennsylvania and New York (1895); The Classifi- 
cation of the Upper Palceozoie Rocks of Central 
Kansas (1895); The Upper Permian and Lower 
Cretaceous of Kansas (1897); The Classification 
and Distribution of the Hamilton and Chemung 
Series of Central and Eastern New York (pt. I., 
1898; pt. II., 1900); besides contributions to 
scientific periodicals. 

PROVOOST, Samuel, first bishop of New York 
and 3d in succession in the American episcopate, 
was born in New York city, Feb. 26, 1742; son of 
John and Eve (Rutgers) Provoost ; grandson of 
Samuel and Maria (Spratt) Provoost, and of Har- 
manus and Catharine (Meyer) Rutgers; great- 
grandson of David and Catharine (Laurens) Pro- 
voost, and great-grandson of David Provoost 
(1608-1557) of Amsterdam. who came to New 
Netherlands, 1624; returned to Holland, 1626, 


PROVOOST 


where in 1630 he married Margaretta, daughter 
of Gillis Ten Waert, and came to New Amster- 
dam in 1634. Samuel Provoost’s parents were 
members of the Dutch Reformed church. He 
was graduated at Kings (Columbia) college, New 
York city, with its first class, A.B., 1758, A..M, 
1761, and at St. Peter’s college, Cambridge univer- 
sity, England, A.B., 1765. He was admitted 
to the diaconate at the Chapel Royal of St. 
James’s Palace, Westminster, by the Bishop of 
London, Feb. 23,1766, and advanced to the priest- 
hood at King’s Chapel, Whitehall, by the Bishop 
of Whitehall, March 28, 1766. He was married at 
Cambridge, England, June 6, 1766, to Maria, 
daughter of Thomas Bonsfield of Lake Lands, 
near Cork, Ireland ; returned to New York city, 
and in December, 1766, became an assistant to 
the Rev. Samuel Auchmuty, rector of Trinity 
parish, which embraced at the time St. George’s 
and St. Paul’s chapels. He revisited Ireland, 
1769, and resigned from Trinity, May 21. 1771, re- 
tiring to a farm at East Camp, Columbia county, 
N.Y. He declined to serve as delegate to the 
Provincial congress and as chaplain of the con- 
stitutional convention which met in Kingston, 
N.Y., in 1777, and the rectorship of various par- 
ishes. He lived in retirement until 1784 when he 
accepted the rectorship of Trinity parish, and 
returned to New York city, where he was ap- 
pointed chaplain of the Continental congress in 
1785. He was elected bishop of the newly erected 
diocese of New York, June 13, 1786, and with the 
Rev. William White (q.v.) went to England for 
consecration. They were consecrated at Lam- 
beth Palace, London, England, Feb. 4, 1787, by 
Archbishop John Moore of Canterbury, Arch- 
bishop Markham of York, Bishop Moss of Bath 
and Wells and Bishop Hinchcliffe of Peterbor- 
ough. Bishop Provoost’s wife died in 1799. He 
retained the rectorship of Trinity parish until 
Dec. 22, 1800, when he resigned, and on Sept. 7, 
1801, he resigned the bishopric of New York. He 
was a regent of the University of the State of 
New York, 1784-87 ; trustee of Columbia college, 
1784-1801, and chairman of the board of trustees, 
1795-1801. He received the degree S.T.D. from 
the University of Pennsylvania in 1786, and was 
the first chaplain of the U.S. senate in 1789. He 
was learned in the ancient and modern lan- 
guages ; was a student of botany and an accom- 
plished master of belles-lettres, but published 
nothing beyond his sermons. He took part in 
the consecration of Bishops Claggett, Smith, Bass, 
Jarvis, Hobart and Griswold. Bishop Provoost 
was a personal friend of Washington, Adams, 
Jay, Hamilton and others, a panel on the bronze 
doors of Trinity church showing the Bishop re- 
ceiving Washington at the entrance of St. Paul’s 
chapel immediately after his inauguration, 


[362] 











PRUDDEN 










































ity also contains a window to his memory, 


e Diocese of New York”’(1886), and ‘* History 
nity Parish,” by Morgan Dix and Arthur 
ndes (1900). He died in New York city, 


Pl RUDDEN, Theophil Mitchell, pathologist, 
We s born i in Middlebury, Conn., July 7, 1849; son 
yf the Rev. George Peter and Eliza Ann (John- 
on) Prudden; grandson of Peter and Charity 
Davis) Prudden and of Ebenezer and Sally 
OM tehell) Johnson, and a descendant of the Rev. 
Pe and Joanna (Boyse) Prudden, who emi- 
rrated from England with John Davenport, and 
wasthe first pastor of the church at Milford, 
Conn., 1640-56. He was graduated from Yale, 
Ph.B., 1872; was an instructor in chemistry at 
Yale, 1872-74; and meantime studied medicine 
at Yale, and in the College of Physicians and 
irgeons, New York city, graduating at Yale, 
M.D., 1875. He served as interne at the New 
Haven, Conn., hospital, 1875-76; pursued ad- 
vanced studies in the Universities of Heidelberg, 
Vienna and Berlin, 1877-78; and was assistant in 
pa athology and normal histology in the College of 
P hysicians and Surgeons, New York city, 1878-82. 
e was a lecturer on normal histology at Yale 
Medical school, 1880-86; and director of the 
1 uboratory of the Alumni Association of the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, 1882-91. In 
188 he studied the new methods of research in 
bi ac cteriology and the new cholera microbe with 
. Koch in Berlin, Germany. He was profes- 
of pathology in the College of Physicians and 
rgeons of Columbia university, New York, 
m 1892, and the director of the laboratories of 
thology, bacteriology and hygiene, clinical 
thology and normal histology. He received 
sgree of LL.D. from Yale in 1897, and was 
aber of the National Academy of Sciences ; 
Association of American Physicians; the 
wk Pathological society ; the New York 
demy of Medicine; New York Academy of 
es: the Practitioners’ society ; New York 
orical and Geographical societies, and other 
nizations. He contributed articles on ex- 
ion and travel to Harper's Monthly ; pub- 
shed several scientific monographs embodying 
iginal research, and is the author of: Manual 
yf Normal Histology (1881); Story of the Bacteria 
; Dust and its Dangers (1891); Drinking 
er and Ice Supplies (1891); and Hand-book 
Pathological Anatomy and Histology, with 
is Delafield (sixth edition, 1901). 
RUD’HOMME, John Francis Eugene, en- 
er, was born at St. Thomas, W.I., Oct. 4, 1800, 
French immigrants. His parents brought 
the United States in 1807, and settled in 


ee TRE TE a a ae ee a oe 


f 


PRUYN 


New York city in 1809, where he was educated. 
He studied art under Thomas Gimbrede, his 
brother-in-law, in 1814, and began as a_ portrait 
engraver in 1817, but owing to limited patronage 
was obliged to practise art ina general way for 
several years. He was employed by James Her- 
ring in 1831 to engrave the steel plates for ‘‘ The 
National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Ameri- 
cans.” He was a bank note engraver in New 
York, 1852-69, and an ornamental designer and 
engraver in the bureau of engraving and print- 
ing at Washington, D.C., 1869-85. He was elected 
a member of the National Academy of Design, 
was its curator, 1834-53, and an instructor in its 
life class. He illustrated several books of popular 
authors of that day, and produced steel plates 
from Trumbull’s ‘‘ Anthony Wayne,” ‘ Daniel 
Morgan,” and ‘‘ Deciaration of Independence ;” 
from Gilbert Stuart's ‘‘ Henry Knox” and ‘+ Peter 
Gansevoort ;” from Harding’s ‘* John Eager How- 
ard,” Wood’s ‘‘ Mrs. D. P. Madison” and Weir's 
** Winfield Scott.”” He was the oldest engraver 
in America at the time of his death, which oc- 
curred in Washington, D.C., June 28, 1892. 
PRUYN, John Van Schaick Lansing, repre- 
sentative, was born in Albany, N.Y., June 22, 
1811; son of David and Hiberte (Lansing) Pruyn ; 
grandson of Casparus and Catherine (Groesbeck) 
Pruyn and of Christopher and Sarah (Van Schaick) 
Lansing, and a descendant of Francis Pruyn, 
called Frans Jansen, who emigrated from Hol- 
land to America with his wife, Aeltje,and settled 
in Albany, N.Y., as early as 1665. He attended 
private schools and was graduated from the 
Albany academy in 1826; studied law under 
James King of Albany and was admitted to the 
bar Jan. 13, 1832. In 1833 he engaged in practice 
in partnership with Henry H. Martin, and as 
counsel in the James will case acquired promin- 
ence in his profession. He was appointed an 
examiner in chancery, March 27, 1833, and a 
master, Feb. 10, 1836, by Governor Marcy, and 
injunction master for the 3d cireuit by Chancel- 
lor Walworth, Feb. 13, 1836. He became counsel 
to the Albany city bank in 1834, and subsequently 
a director and vice-president; a director of the 
Mohawk and Hudson railroad and its counsel, 
1835-53, and when the railroads between Albany 
and Buffalo were consolidated as the New York 
Central in 1853, he drew up the agreement and 
conducted the transfer. He was the principal 
counsel in the Hudson River Bridge case; was 
sole trustee of the estate of Harmanus Bleecker, 
and the financial agent of the Sault Ste. Marie 
canal. He practised in partnership with John 
H. Reynolds, 1851-53, and in 1853 retired from 
the law profession to become secretary, treasurer 
and general counsel to the New York Central 
railroad, which office he held, 1854-60. He wasa 


[363] 


PRUYN 


member of the New York senate in 1861-62, and 
devoted his salary to the poor of Albany. He 
was a Democratic representative from the four- 
teenth New York district in the 88th congress, 
having been elected to complete the term of 
Erastus Corning, resigned, and was re-elected to 
the 40th congress, serving 1863-65 and 1867-69, 
He was married first, Oct. 22, 1840, to Harriet 
Corning, daughter of Thomas and Mary Rug- 
eles (Weld) Turner, and secondly, Sept. 7, 1865, 
to Anna Fenn, daughter of the Hon. Amasa 
Junius and Harriet Langdon (Roberts) Parker of 
Albany, N.Y. He wasa commissioner for the 
building of the new state capitol, 1865-70, and on 
July 7, 1869, laid the first stone. He wasa regent 
of the University of the State of New York, 1844— 
77; succeeded Hon. Gerrit Y. Lansing as chancel- 
lor, serving 1862-77; was president of Albany 
Institute, 1857-77, founder and president of the 
New York State board of charities, 1867-77 ; 
president of the board of commissioners of the 
state survey, 1876-77; a trustee of St. Stephen’s 
college at Annandale, N.Y., 1860-77; a member 
of the Centennial commission, 1871-76, and of 
the Association for the Codification of the Law 
of Nations. He was a corresponding member of 
the New York Historical society, honorary mem- 
ber of the Wisconsin Historical society ;a member 
of the American Geographical and Statistical 
society, of the Literary Fund society of London, 
and of the Union club and the Century associa- 
tion of New York. He received the honorary 
degree A.M. from Rutgers college in 1835. LL.D. 
from Union college in 1845, and from the Uni- 
versity of Rochester in 1852. He died at Clifton 
SPLIN GS NYE eNO VenclentStite 

PRUYN, Robert Hewson, diplomatist, was 
born in Albany, N.Y., Feb. 14, 1815; son of Cas- 
parus F, and Anne (Hewson) Pruyn; grandson 
of Francis C. and Cornelia (Dunbar) Pruyn and 
of Robert and Elizabeth (Fryer) Hewson, and a 
descendant of Francis Pruyn, the immigrant, 
1665. He was prepared for college at Albany 
academy, and was graduated at Rutgers, A.B., 
1833, A.M., 1836. He studied law in the office of 
Abraham Van Vechten of Albany and was at- 
torney and counsellor for the corporation of 
Albany, and a member of the municipal council, 
1836-39. He was married, Nov. 9, 1841, to Jane 
Ann, daughter to Gerrit Yates and Helen (Ten 
Eyck) Lansing of Albany, N.Y. He was judge- 
advocate-general of the state, 1841-46 and 1851; 
a member of the assembly 1848, 1849, 1850 and 
1854, serving as speaker pro tempore in 1850, 
and as speaker in 1854, and as adjutant-general 
on the staff of Gov. Myron H. Clark in 1855. 
He was appointed U.S. minister resident to Japan 
by President Lincoln, Oct. 21, 1861, as successor 
to Townsend Harris, resigned, and during his ad- 


PRYOR 


ministration he maintained that the Tycoon was — 


the real ruler of Japan and should be so recog- 
nized, in order that foreign intercourse could be 
guaranteed without awaiting treaties ratified by 
the Mikado. During his service in Japan he had 
full power, and when the daimio of Chosiu fired 
on the American merchant steamer Pembroke in 
1863 he proceeded to use the U.S. navy to prevent 
a repetition of the outrage. Commodore Mc- 
Dougall in the Wyoming sank a brig and blew 
up asteamer and then ran the gauntlet of Japanese 
shore batteries, Straits of Simonosaki, and sub- 
sequently the Takiang, a chartered steamer, 
carrying the guns and a crew from the U.S.S. 
Jamestown, with the allied naval forces of Great 
Britain, France and Holland, whose vessels had 
been similarly treated, demolished the fortifica- 
tions of Chosiu and captured the guns. This 
action of the allied powers was questioned, but 
the prompt suppressing of outrages postponed 
the intended dethronement of the Tycoon, en- 
abling him to observe his treaty stipulations, and 
the incident cost the Japanese government an 
indemnity of $3,000,000 and secured immediate 
foreign intercourse. Mr. Pruyn returned to the 
United States in 1865; was the Republican can- 
didate for lieutenant-governor of New York in 
1866, and was made president of the state con- 
stitutional convention of 1872. He was a trustee 
of Rutgers college: president of the board of 
directors of the Dudley observatory ; vice-presi- 
dent of the board of trustees of the Albany 
Medical college, and a member of the executive 
committee of the State Normal school at Albany. 
He received the degree of LL.D. from Williams 
in 1865. He died in Albany, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1882. 


PRYOR, Luke, senator, was born in Madison — 


county, Ala., July 5, 1820. His father was a 
native of Virginia. He studied law under 
Judge Daniel Coleman, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1841, practising in Athens, Limestone 
county, in partnership with E. J. Jones, R. C. 
Brickell, and George S. Houston. He married 
a daughter of Capt. John Harris of Limestone 


county; and represented the county in the Ala-— 


bama legislature in 1855, in order to secure 
privileges for the railroad from Nashville to 
Montgomery, of which he was a projector. He 
supported the Confederate States government, 
1861-65, opposed the reconstruction measures of 


the U.S. government, 1865-70, and was appointed — 


to the U.S. senate in January, 1880, by Governor 


Cobb, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of — 


George S. Houston, Dec. 31, 1879. When the 
legislature met in November, 1800, he declined 
to bea candidate to complete the unexpired term. 
He was a Democratic representative from the 
eighth Alabama district in the 48th congress, 
1883-85. He died in Athens, Ala., Aug. 5, 1900. 


[364] 


. 
: 
“ 
. 
¥ 












































PRYOR 


7 iJ a 
PRYOR, Roger Atkinson, jurist, was born in 
Jin widdie county, near Petersburg, Va., July 19, 
328 ; son of the Rev. Theodorick Bland and Lucy 


estirics) ‘Atkinson, and a direct descendant 
fenry Isham of Bermuda Hundreds, William 
dolph of Turkey Island, Va., Richard Bland, 
patriot, Samuel Pryor, who ifbrddad Prudence 
Thornton and settled in Caroline county, Va., 
1700, and Richard Bennett, colonial governor 
Tirginia in 1652. He was graduated at Hamp- 
Sidney college, valedictorian, in 1845, and at 
e University of Virginia in 1848. He was 
rried Nov. 8, 1848, to Sara Agnes, daughter 
of the Rev. Samuel Blair and Lucinda (Leftwich) 
Rice of Charlotte county, Va. He was admitted 
‘to the bar in 1849 and settled in practice in 
Charlottesville ; subsequently edited the South 
Sic de Democrat, Petersburg ; was attached to the 
staff of the Washing- 
_ton Union; edited 
the Enquirer at Rich- 
mond, Va., 1854; and 
The South in Rich- 
mond, in which 
he advocated states 
rights, and the pub- 
lication of which was 
discontinued on_ his 
withdrawal from the 
editorship. He after- 
ward served on the 
staff of the Washing- 


ton States. While 
junior editor of the 
Washington Union 


he wrote a notable article on the Anglo-Rus- 


lated abroad. He was a special envoy to 
in 1855, succeeding in adjusting the diffi- 
between the United States and that 
y after others had failed ; and a Demo- 
representative from the fourth Virginia 
ct in the 86th congress, 1859-61, having 
1 elected to fill the vacancy caused by the 
th of William O. Goode. He was re-elected 
) to the 87th congress, but owing to the 
on of Virginia, did not take his seat. He 
ttached to Beauregard’s staff at the time 
e firing on Fort Sumter, Charleston harbor, 
12, 1861; and was appointed to fire the first 
but declined to do so, giving as a reason that 
; his state, had not yet seceded. He 
fused, on the same ground, to enter the 
ed fort. He was a delegate from Virginia 
‘Provisional Confederate congress, sf 


William L. Yancey to reopen the 


PUGH 


slave trade as to defeat the bill. He was a repre- 
sentative in the Ist Confederate States congress 
that met in Richmond, Va., Feb. 22, 1862, serving 
as a member of the military committee. He 
entered the Confederate army as colonel; was 
promoted brigadier-general, April 16, 1862; com- 
manded the 5th brigade in Longstreet’s division 
at Yorktown and Williamsburg, April-May, 1862; 
in Anderson’s division, Longstreet’s right wing 
at Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, and in the seven 
days’ battles before Richmond, June 25-July 1; in 
Wilcox’s division in the second battle of Manas- 
sas, Aug. 16-Sept. 2; and in Anderson’s division 
in the Maryland campaign, including Harper's 
Ferry, Sept. 12-15, and Antietam (Sharpsburg), 
Sept. 17, 1862, succeeding to the command of the 
division when Gen. R. H. Anderson was wounded, 
He resigned his commission owing to a misunder- 
standing with President Davis; re-entered the 
service as a private in Gen. Fitzhugh Lee’s 
cavalry ; was taken prisoner at Petersburg in 
November, 1864, and confined at Fort Lafayette 
and was released at the close of the war. He 
accepted a position on the New York Daily News 
conducted by Benjamin Wood ; studied law; was 
admitted to the New York bar in 1866, and prac- 
tised in New York city, 1866-90. He was a dele- 
gate to the Democratic national convention of 
1876, and was appointed judge of the court of 
common pleas of New York by Goy. D. B. Hill 
in 1890, being afterward elected to the full term 
of fourteen years. In 1894 he was transferred to 
the bench of the supreme court and held the 
office until retired by the age limit in January, 
1899, when he resumed the practice of law. His 
decision in the case of the Sugar Trust was the 
first blow received by trusts in the United States 
at the hands of the courts, and his presentation 
of the law left an appeal impossible. He received 
the degree LL.D. from Hampden Sidney college ; 
was a member of the board of visitors of the 
University of Virginia, and is the author of 
many speeches and literary addresses. 

PUGH, Evan, educator, was born in East Not- 
tingham, Pa., Feb. 29, 1828; son of Lewis and 
Mary (Hutton) Pugh; grandson of Jesse and 
Elizabeth (Hudson) Pugh, and of Hiett and Sarah 
(Pugh) Hutton, and a descendant of John and 
Jane Pugh, who came from Wales to East Not- 
tingham, Pa., early in the 18th century. He at- 
tended the district school; worked as a_ black- 
smith’s apprentice, 1844-46 ; attended the Manual 
Labor school at Whitestown, N.Y. ; taught ad is- 
trict school in East Nottingham, and in 1850 
took charge of Jordan Bank seminary, near Ox- 
ford, Pa., which he inherited and conducted 
until 1853. He took a special course in natural 
and mathematical science and in practical chem- 
istry in the universities of Leipsic, Géttingen, 


[365] 


PUGH 


Heidelberg and Paris, 1853-57; received the de- 
gree Ph.D. at G6ttingen in 1856; and took a 
course in agricultural chemistry in the laboratory 
of J. B. Lawes at Rothamstead, near London, 
England, 1857-59, where he demonstrated that 
plants do not assimilate free nitrogen. He was 
president of the Farmer’s High school near 
Bellefonte, Pa., 1859-64, which was chartered in 
1854, and in 1862 obtained a congressional land 
grant at the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania, 
changing its name in 1874 to the Pennsylvania 
State college. During his presidency he planned 
and superintended the erection of college build- 
ings, secured endowments, and had special charge 
of the practical investigations of the students in 
chemistry, scientific agriculture, mineralogy and 
geology. He was married, Feb. 4, 1864, to Re- 
becca Valentine of Bellefonte, Pa. He was a 
member of various scientific societies in the 
United States, and was elected a fellow of the 
Chemical Society of England. He died in Belle- 
fonte, Pa., April 29, 1864. 

PUGH, George Ellis, senator, was born in Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, Nov. 28, 1822. He was graduated 
at Miami university, A.B., 1840, A.M., 1848; 
practised law in Cincinnati, 1844-46 ; served in 
the Mexican war as captain in the 4th Ohio regi- 
ment and as aide to Gen. Joseph Lane; was a 
representative from Hamilton county in the Ohio 
legisiature, 1848-49 ; city solicitor, 1850 ; attorney- 
general of the state, 1852-54; Democratic U.S. 
senator, 1855-61, defeating Salmon P. Chase, 
and while in the senate served on the committees 
on public lands and the judiciary. He was de- 
feated for re-election in 1861 by Mr. Chase ; wasa 
delegate to the Democratic national convention of 
1860, serving as chairman of the Ohio delegation 
and supporting the candidacy of Stephen A. Doug- 
las; and made an effective reply to William L. 
Yancey on the question of slavery in the territo- 
ries. He was counsel for Clement L. Vallan- 
digham in 1863, and urged his release from im- 
prisonment by military authority on the ground 
that the civil courts of Ohio were operative. He 
was the unsuccessful candidate for lieutenant- 
governor on the Democratic ticket with C. L. 
Vallandigham for governor in 1868, and for rep- 
resentative from the first district of Ohio in the 
29th congress in 1864, and was elected a delegate 
to the state constitutional convention of 1872 but 
refused to serve. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
July 19, 1876. 

PUGH, James Lawrence, senator, was born in 
Burke county, Ga., Dec. 12, 1820; son of Robert 
and Mary (Tillman) Pugh. He removed to Ala- 
bama with his parents in 1824; studied law in 
the office of John G. Shorter of Eufaula, Ala. ; 
was admitted to the bar in 1841, and settled in 
practice in Eufaula. He was a presidential elec- 


PULASKI 


tor on the Taylor and Fillmore ticket in 1848 and 
on the Buchanan and Breckinridge ticket in 1856, 
He was married, Dec. 1, 1846, to Sarah S., 
daughter of the Hon. John L. and Sarah (Boler) 
Hunter of Barbour county, Ala. He was a Dem- 
ocratic representative from the second Alabama 
district in the 36th congress, serving from Dec. 5, 
1859, to Jan. 21, 1861, when the state seceded and 
he retired, and was subsequently expelled. He 
joined the Eufaula Rifles and enlisted in the 1st 
Alabama regiment as a private, serving a year at 
Pensacola, and was a representative from Ala- 
bama in the 1st and 2d Confederate congresses, 
serving from Feb. 22, 1862, to the close of the 
Confederate government. He resumed the prac- 
tice of law in 1865; was president of the Demo- 
cratic state convention in 1874 ; a member of the 
state constitutional convention of 1875, and a 
presidential elector on the Tilden and Hendricks 
ticket in 1876. He was elected to the U.S. senate 
to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George 
S. Houston and took his seat Dec. 6, 1880, the 
term expiring March 3, 1885. He was re-elected 
for a second and third term, serving as U.S. 
senator, 1880-97, and as chairman of the judiciary 
committee of the senate in the 53d and 54th con- 
gresses. 

PULASKI, Count Casimir, soldier, was born 
in Podalia, Poland, March 4, 1748 ; son of Joseph 
Pulaski, a nobleman, an able jurist, chief mag- 
istrate of Warech, and a founder of the celebra- 
ted Confederation of Bar, Feb. 29, 1768. 
Pulaski served in 
the guard of Duke 
Charles of Courland, 
and was in the Castle 
of Mittau when that 
city was besieged. 
He was one of the 
eight original asso- 
ciates of the Confed- 
eration of Bar; was 
taken prisoner with 7% 
300 other Poles in the Vz 
monastery of Berdi- is 
chef in 1759 and re- tgs awe f: 
leased on condition x) “ 
that he bear propo- C Zitat ook (jul 
sals for a reconcilia- 
tion to the chiefs of the Confederation. He joined 
his father in Moldavia from whence he notified 
the Russian ambassador that he should not respect 
a parole extorted from him by fraud and _ vio- 
lence. He continued to operate against the Rus- 
sians with an independent command after the 
arrest and death of his father; was elected com- 
mander-in-chief of the Polish forces in 1770, but 
his success as a commander was followed by the in- 
tervention of Russia and Austria and the partition 


Casimir 





t 


[366] 





a 


i. 





PULLMAN 




















































nd, and his estates were confiscated, and 
e set upon his head. He escaped into Turkey 
772 found refuge in Paris in 1775 ; and became 
ested in the efforts of the American colon- 
» acquire their independence, through his 
intance with Benjamin Franklin who 
‘ed him to join the patriot army, and in 
' rch, 1777, he was welcomed on the staff of 
neral Washington. He took part in the battle 
ndywine, Sept. 11, 1777, and for his masterly 
id in the retreat was appointed chief of dra- 
ns with the rank of brigadier-general, Sept. 
1777. By prompt action at Warren Tavern 
ain saved the army from a surprise, and he 
ymanded the dragoons at the battle of Ger- 
ntown, Oct. 4, 1777. He co-operated with 
Anthony Wayne during the winter of 1777- 
nd resigned his command in March, 1778, 
learning of the dissatisfaction of the Ameri- 
officers under him who objected to being 
ommanded by a foreigner who exacted such 
strict discipline and who could not speak English 
distinctly. Washington approved of a sugges- 
‘ion n made by Pulaski to recruit a corps made up 
of lancers, light infantry, deserters and prisoners 
wf war in Baltimore for special service, and con- 

ss authorized its acceptance. The corps, 
known as Pulaski’s Legion, did good service at 
Little Egg Harbor, N.J., in September, 1778, and 
stationed during the winter of 1778-79 at 
sink, N.J., where, becoming dissatisfied 
an inferior command, Pulaski decided to 
n to Europe. General Washington, how- 
prevailed upon him to remain, and ordered 
m to Charleston, 8.C., where he arrived May 8, 
78 ). He held the invested city against repeated 
ults until the han ae re- secies ic aan on 


ey, Pulaski eae and ate ee the 
army to leave the state. He joined Gen. 
I Intosh at Augusta, Ga., in September, 
nd moved on to Savannah by way of 
‘t, S.C., where he opened communication 
ie French fleet. During the siege he had 
nd of the entire cavalry, and in the assault 
9, 1779, he received his mortal wound. Con- 
oteda monument to his memory, but failed 
ry the act into execution. The people of 
annah, however, completed one, the corner- 
0 > of which was laid by Lafayette in 1824; 
the monument was completed in 1855, on 
laski square, Savannah. He died on board the 
Wasp, near Savannah, Ga., Oct. 11, 1779. 

JLLMAN, George Mortimer, capitalist, was 
Chautauqua county, N.Y., March 3, 1831; 
ames Lewis and Emily Caroline Pullman. 
ed the public schools irregularly ; en- 
s a clerk and later as a cabinet maker, 
1858 contracted to move buildings along 


: 
> ee 


PULSIFER 

the Erie canal, then being widened. In 1857 he 
removed to Chicago, Ill., where he engaged as a 
contractor and builder. In 1858 he became in- 
terested in providing better accommodation for 
travelers on the railroads, and in 1859 remodeled 
two day coaches of the Chicago and Alton rail- 
road assleeping cars at a cost of $4,000 each. The 
enterprise was temporarily abandoned, owing to 
the reluctance of the railroad companies to change 
their methods. He engaged in merchandising in 
the mineral regions of Colorado, 1859-63, during 
which time he worked out the details of the 
sleeping car. He returned to Chicago in 1864, 
and began the construction of sleeping and parlor 
cars. He was married, June 13, 1867, to Hattie. 
daughter of J. Y. Sanger of Chicago. He built 
the palace car ‘*‘ Pioneer” at a cost of $18,000, 
which he placed on the Chicago and Alton rail- 
road at his own cost and venture, and subse- 
quently placed sleeping and palace cars on the 
Michigan Central, and Chicago, Burlington and 
Quincy railroads and on the Great Western rail- 
way of Canada. He next introduced the dining 
ear on the Union Pacific railroad, and continued 
to develop his ideas for the safety and comfort 
of travelers until the Pullman car became known 
all over the world. He organized car works at 
Atlanta, Ga., in 1866, at Chicago, Ill., in 1867, 
and later at San Francisco, Cal. In 1880 he 
removed his establishment to Pullman, near 
Chicago, where he established an _ industrial 
town, built homes for his employees, supplied 
the place with every modern convenience, laid 
out beautiful streets, and erected public build- 
ings—the town, according to statistics, proving 
to be one of the most healthful in the world. He 
designed the vestibule car and established the 
vestibuled trains in 1887, which were first run 
upon the Pennsylvania trunk lines. He also en- 
gaged extensively in other enterprises, including 
the Metropolitan Elevated railroad in New York 
city, of which he was president ; the Eagleton 
Wire Works of New York, of which he was 
principal owner, and various car manufactories. 
He gave a church valued at $80,000 to the Uni- 
versalist congregation at Albion, N.Y., in 1895, 
and in his will made thirteen bequests of $10,000 
each to local charitable institutions in Chicago, 
also directing his executors to set aside $1,200,000 
for the founding and endowment of a free 
manual training school at Pullman, Ill. He was 
a promoter of the Chicago Athzeneum and its 
president ; a director of the Relief and Aid 
society, and a member of the board of councillors 
of the Chicago College of Dental Surgery. He 
died in Chicago, Ill., Oct. 19, 1897. 

PULSIFER, David, antiquary, was born in 
Ipswich, Mass., Sept. 22, 1802; son of Capt. David 
and Sarah (Stanwood) Pulsifer, and a descendant 


[367] 


PUMPELLY 


of Benedict Pulsifer, who settled in Ipswich, 
Mass., in 1662, and married Susanna Waters of 
Salem, Mass. He attended the public school, and 
in 1817 was apprenticed to Isaac Cushing, book- 
binder, of Salem, where he developed a taste for 
antiquarian research. He was an assistant to 
Ichabod Tucker, clerk of the Essex county courts, 
1822-30 ; clerk and bookkeeper for James Munroe 
& Co., publishers and booksellers, Boston, after 
1841; assistant in the offices of the clerk of courts 
and register of deeds, Middlesex county. where 
he gained a reputation for his skill in deciphering 
seventeenth century handwriting, and .tran- 
scribed the first volume of the ‘* Massachusetts 
Colony Records,” for the American Antiquarian 
society. He was copyist for Ephriam M. Wright 
and N. B. Shurtleff in 1853, when they edited the 
colonial records, completing them to 1688, and 
copyist and subsequently editor of the ‘‘ Plymouth 
Colonial Records,” compiling volumes IX. to XII. 
(1859-61). He was clerk in the office of the 
secretary of state until about 1882; librarian of 
the New England Historic Genealogical society, 
1849-51; its recording secretary in 1857, and a 
frequent contributor to the early volumes of its 
Register. He was married in 1867 to Lucy (Saf- 
ford) Whaer, daughter of James Safford of China, 
Maine. He was a fellow of the American Statis- 
tical association, 1848-94, its librarian, 1863-65, 
and received the honorary degree A.M. from 
Amherst college in 1863. He is the author of : 
Tuscriptions from the Burying Grounds of Salem, 
Mass. (1837); A Guide to Boston and Vicinity 
(1860), and an Account of the Battle of Bunker 
Hill, with Gen. John Burgoyne’s Account (1872); 
and edited ** The Simple Cobbler of Agawam,” by 
Nathaniel Ward (18438); ‘‘ A Political Epistle to 
George Washington, Esq., Commander-in-Chief 
of the Armies of the United States of America,” 
by Rev. Charles H. Wharton (1881); and ‘‘ The 
Christian’s A.B.C.,” an original manuscript writ- 
ten in the eighteenth century by an unknown 
writer. He died in Augusta, Me., Aug. 9, 1894. 
PUMPELLY, Raphael, geologist, was born in 
Oswego, N.Y., Sept. 8, 1837; son of William and 
Mary Hollenback (Welles) Pumpelly ; ‘grandson 
of John and Hannah (Bushnell) Pumpelly and 
of George and Prudence (Talcot) Welles, and of 
Huguenot descent and Italian origin on his 
father’s side. He attended Owego academy, 
Russell’s institute at New Haven, the polytech- 
nic school in Hanover, and the Royal Mining 
school at Freiberg, Saxony, and traveled exten- 
sively in Europe, studying geology and metal- 
lurgy, 1854-60. He had charge of Arizona mines 
during the Apache war of 1860; made an official 
exploration of the island of Yesso, 1861-63, and 
of the coal fields of northern China in 1864 for 
the Chinese government. He also made unofficial 


PURCELL — 


explorations in Corsica, 1854-60 ; through central, 
western and northern China and Mongolia, 1863- 
64, and across the Gobi desert into Siberia in 
1865, and was professor of mining in the School 
of Mining and Practical Geology, Harvard, 1866- 
73. He was married, Oct. 20, 1869, to Eliza 
Frances. daughter of Otis and Ann (Pope) Shep- 
ard of Dorchester, Mass. He conducted the geo- 
logical survey of the copper regions of Michigan, 
1870-71 ; the geological survey of Missouri, 1871- 
74; organized the division of economic geology 
in the U.S. geological survey in 1879, and was 
special agent of the tenth U.S. census, 1879-81. 
He conducted an investigation of the soils from 
a sanitary standpoint for the national board of 
health, 1879-80 ; organized and conducted the 
Northern Transcontinental survey for collecting 
topographical and economic information in Da- 
kota, Montana and Washington territories, 1881- 
84, and was chief of the Archean division of the 
U.S. geological survey, 1884-90, in directing the 
mapping of western New England. He was 
elected a member of the National Academy of 
Sciences in 1872; was American vice-president 
of the international geological congress at Wash- 
ington in 1891, and a member of various scientific 
societies. He contributed to the American Jour- 
nal of Science, and to the transactions of other 
scientific societies, and is the author of: Geolo- 
gical Researches in China, Mongolia and Japan 
(1866); Across America and Asia (1869): Copper 
Bearing Rocks, part Il. of Vol. I. of the ‘* Geolo- 
gical Survey of Michigan ” (1873); A Preliminary 
Report on the Iron Ores and Coal Fields of Mis- 
souri with an atlas, for the report of the ‘* Geolo- 
gical Survey of Missouri” (1873); Publications of 
the Northern Transcontinental Survey (1882 and 
1883); The Mining Industries of the United States 
in Vol. XV. of the ‘‘ Census Reports” (1886), and 
Geology of the Green Mountains (1894). 
PURCELL, John Baptist, R.C. archbishop, 
was born at Mallow, county Cork, Ireland, Feb. 26, 
1800; son of Edward and Johanna Purcell. He 
came to Baltimore, Md., in 1818, entered Asbury 
college where he later became a tutor, and also 
tutored in a privatefamily. Hestudied at Mount 
St. Mary’s college, Emmittsburg, Md., 1820-23, 


and completed his theological course at the Sem- 


inary of Issy, St. Sulpice, Paris, France, 1824-26. 
He was ordained priest. May 21, 1826; was 
professor of moral philcsophy in Mount St. 
Mary’s college, Md., 1827-28, also assisting the 
president in the theological classes, and was 
president of the college, 1828-33. He was ap- 
pointed bishop of Cincinnati, Feb. 25, 1833, as 
successor to the Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick (q.v.), 
deceased, and was consecrated at Baltimore, 
Md., Oct. 138, 1833. The diocese then embraced 
the states of Ohio and Michigan, and the chureh 


[368] 


ee hn nl 




























































PURCELL 


roperty of the diocese consisted of sixteen 
ches valued at only $12,000. He was obliged 
orrow $300 to procure an outfit and pay 
ng expenses to Cincinnati. He set about 
establishing — parish 
schools and acade- 
mies ; organized Ger- 
man congregations, 
and built a convent 
for the  Ursulines. 
During the first de- 
cade of his adminis- 
tration the Roman 
Catholic population 
of the diocese in- 
creased from 6000 to 
70,000; the churches 
from sixteen to 
seventy-six, and the 
Crd etl priests to seventy- 
.* three. The diocese of 
Detroit was set off in 1834, and that of Cleveland in 
1847. He attended the third council of Baltimore 
in April, 1837; visited Europe in 1838, and was 
promoted archbishop of Cincinnati, July 19, 1850, 
with four suffragan bishops. He received the 
pallium from the hands of Pius IX in the private 
chapel in Rome in 1851; presided over his first 
provincial council in 1855, and the second in 
1858; attended the Vatican council in 1869, where 
he opposed the declaration of the infallibility of 
the pope, but subscribed to the doctrine on its 
definition, and in 1876 celebrated his golden 
jubilee in Cincinnati. He founded the theolo- 
gical seminary of Mount St. Mary’s of the West, 
built St. Peter's 


cathedral, and 
established The 
Catholic  Tele- 


graph, to which 
he contributed. 
He placed the 
financial affairs 
of the diocese 
in the hands of 
his brother, the 
Very Rev. Ed- 
ward Purcell, 
who was his 
4* Vicar - general, 
Yfand also en- 

¢ trusted him 
“> With the funds 
of his diocesans, 
who _ brought 
; their savings to 
for safe keeping and investment, never 
oning his ability as a financier. In 1879 
as discovered that the indebtedness of the 





PURINTON 


archbishop had reached nearly $4,000,000; the 
property in which the investments were made 
had rapidly declined in market value, and 
could not be sold, and insolvency followed. 
Vicar-General Purcell died heartbroken, and 
although the matter was widely commented 
on, no charge of dishonesty was made against 
the archbishop, the fact that he had been twenty- 
five years bishop of the diocese before he ac- 
cepted any part of his annual salary of $5000, 
satisfying his creditors as to his personal disregard 
of the use of money. He offered his resignation 
in 1880, which was not accepted. He was, how- 
ever, given a coadjutor in the person of the Rt. 
Rev. William Henry Elder (q.v.), bishop of 
Natchez, and he retired to Brown county, Ohio, 
where he spent the rest of his life. The Roman 
Catholics in his diocese numbered more than 
500,000, the priests 480, and the churches 500 at 
his death. He published: The Roman Clergy 
and Free Thought (1870); Lectures and Pastoral 
Letters ; Diocesan Statutes, Acts and Decrees of 
Three Provincial Councils held in Cineinnati, and 
a series of school-books for parochial schools. 
He died in Brown county, Ohio, July 4, 1883. 

PURINTON, Daniel Boardman, educator, was 
born in Preston county, Va., Feb. 15, 1850; son 
of the Rev. Dr. Jesse M. and Nancy Alden 
(Lyon) Purinton; grandson of the Rev. Thomas 
and Sabrina (Boardman) Purinton, and of Aaron 
and Armilla (Alden) Lyon, and a descendant of 
John Alden of the Mayflower. He prepared for 
college at George’s Creek academy, Pa., and was 
graduated from the University of West Virginia 
in 1873, where he was an instructor and professor, 
1873-89, filling successively the chairs of logic, 
mathematics and metaphysics. He was married, 
July 6, 1876, to Florence A., daughter of Prof. F.S. 
and Harriet (Johnson) Lyon of Morgantown, 
W. Va. He was vice-president of the university 
and served as acting president, 1881-83. In 1890 
he entered upon his duties as president and pro- 
fessor of intellectual and moral philosophy in 
Denison university, Granville, Ohio, which in- 
cluded the presidency of Doane academy and 
Shepardston college. In June, 1902, he accepted 
the presidency of the West Virginia university. 
He took the degree of Ph.D. from the University 
of Nashville in 1891, and the honorary degree of 
LL.D. from Denison university in 1887. He is 
the author of : Contest of the Frogs, an extended 
poem (1888); Christian Theism: Its Claims and 
Sanctions (1889); and a number of songs for 
which he composed music. 

PURINTON, George Dana, biologist, was born 
in Preston county, Va., Oct. 1, 1856 ; son of the 
Rev. J. M. and Nancy Alden (Lyon) Purinton ; 
grandson of the Rev. Thomas Purinton, lawyer 
and physician, of Coleraine, Mass., and subse- 


[369] 


PURNELL 


quently of Virginia, and a maternal descendant 
of John Alden of the Mayflower. George D, Pur- 
inton received a liberal preparatory education ; 
taught school in Virginia, and after serving as 
principal of George’s Creek academy, Pa., of the 
Cherokee Male seminary and of the national high 
school of the Cherokee Indians, Tahlequah, In- 
dian Territory, was graduated from the university 
of Missouri, M.D., 1871, and from the West Vir- 
ginia university, A.B., 1879, A.M. 1882. In 1871 
he was married to Helen B. Fordyce of Morgan- 
town, W. Va. He was co-proprietor and joint 
president of Broadus college, W. Va., 1879-80 ; 
was subsequently superintendent of the Piedmont 
schools, W. Va., but resigned to become vice- 
president and professor of physical sciences and 
natural history in the University of Des Moines, 
Towa, and was president of the university, 1881- 
82. He was made professor of chemistry and 
physics in Furman university, 8.C., in 1882, at 
the same time serving as analytical chemist and 
assayer to the trade and as official chemist to 
various manufactories, and was subsequently 
professor of chemistry and biology in Arkansas 
Industrial university; professor of chemistry, 
and superintendent of agriculture, which latter 
department he had founded. He was professor 
of biology and director and curator of the museum 
in the State University of Missouri, 1887-94, act- 
ing as organizer and director of the Agricultural 
Experiment Station of Delaware, 1888. From 
1894 till his death be practised medicine in St. 
Louis. Hereceived the honorary degree of Ph.D. 
from the State University of West Virginia. He 
is the author of : Systematic Descriptive Botany, 
A Guide to the Botanical Laboratory ; Analytical 
Chemistry and Plant Chemistry. He died at St. 
Louis, Mo., March 27, 1897. 

PURNELL, Thomas Richard, jurist, was born 
in Wilmington, N.C., Aug. 10, 1846; son of 
Thomas Richard and Eliza Ann (Dudley) Pur- 
nell; grandson of John and Sarah Purnell and of 
Gov. Edward B. and Elizabeth (Ruffin) Dudley ; 
great-grandson of John Purnell (1st), who set- 
tled in North Carolina in 1780, anda descendant 
of Christopher Dudley, John Haywood, one of the 
first settlers in Edgecomb county, N.C. (1675), 
and Thomas Purnell, who came from England, 
1634, and settled in Virginia or Maryland. Heat- 
tended Hillsboro Military academy, and in 1864 
served in the C. S. army as orderly to Gen. W. 
H. C. Whitney at Wilmington, and in 1865 as 
topographical engineer in the Army of Northern 
Virginia with the rank of lieutenant. He was 
paroled at Greensboro, N.C., May, 1865, and was 
graduated at Trinity college, N.C., A.B., 1869, 
A.M., 1872. He studied law under Col. Robert 
Strange in Wilmington; was married, Nov. 11, 
1870, to Adelia E., daughter of Dr. Alexander T. 


PURVIANCE 


and Lucinda B. (Blum) Zevely of Salem, N.C. ; 
practised law in Baltimore, Md., 1870-71; Salem, 
N.C., 1871-73; was state librarian at Raleigh, 
1873-76 ; representative in the state legislature, 
1876-77 ; state senator, 1883-84; Republican can- 
didate for presidential elector, 1884 and 1888; 
candidate for attorney-general of the state, 1892 ; 
for solicitor of the 4th judicial district, 1894; 
was commissioner for the U.S. circuit court, 
1877-97; practised law in Raleigh, 1876-97, and 
on May 5, 1897, succeeded Augustus Seymour, 
deceased, as U.S. district judge for the eastern 
district of North Carolina. 

PURVES, George Tybout, clergyman and 
author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 27, 
1852 ;son of William and Anna (Kennedy) Purves. 
He was graduated from the University of Penn- 
sylvania, A.B., 1872, A.M., 1875, and at Princeton 
Theological seminary in 1876. He was pastor of 
the Presbyterian church at Wayne, Pa., 1877-80 ; 
of the Boundary Avenue church, Baltimore, Md., 
1880-86 ; declined the chair of systematic theology 
in McCormick Theological seminary, Chicago ; 
the chair of church history in Princeton Theolo- 
gical seminary and the pastorate of the Collegiate 
Reformed church in New York city in 1889; was 
pastor of the First church, Pittsburg, Pa., 1886- 
92; professor of New Testament literature and 
Greek exegesis at Princeton Theological semin- 
ary, co-pastor of the First church, Princeton, and 
preacher at Princeton university, 1892-1900, and 
pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian church, 
New York city, as successor to the Rey. Dr. John 
Hall, 1900-01. He received the degree D.D. from 
Washington and Jefferson college in 1888, and 
from the University of Pennsylvania and Prince- 
ton university in 1894, and LL.D. from Lafayette 
college in 1895. He was married to Rebecca 
Bird, daughter of E. M. Sellers of Philadelphia, 
Pa., and at Dr. Purves’s death in 1901 she was 
left with one son and six daughters. He is the 
author of: The Testimony of Justin Martyr to 
Early Christianity (1888); Christianity in the 
Apostolic Age (1900), and sermons and numerous 
articles on New Testament themes. He died in 
New York city, Sept. 24, 1901. 

PURVIANCE, Hugh Young, naval officer, was 
born in Baltimore, Md., March 22, 1799. He at- 
tended St. Mary’s college, Baltimore, and on Noy. 
8, 1818, was warranted midshipman in the U.S. 
navy. His midshipman service was on the frig- 
ates Congress and Franklin of the Pacific squad- 
ron, 1819-23, and on the North Carolina of the 
Mediterranean squadron, 1824-27. He was pro- 
moted lieutenant, March 8, 1827; was an officer 
on the sloop Falmouth of the West India squad- 
ron, 1828-30; on the sloop Peacock of the East 
India squadron, 1833-34 ; on rendezvous at Balti- 
more, Md., 1836-37, and on the Brazil squadron, 


[370] 











=> i 




































PURVIS 


es 


‘here -e he commanded the brig Dolphin and-the 
loop Fuirfield, 1837-38, and during this service 
he relieved an American schooner from the 
French blockade at Salado, River Platte, for 
mich act he received complimentary recogni- 
‘tion from the U.S. government. He was on the 
Brandywine of the Mediterranean squadron, 1841- 
42; in com- 
mand of 
the brig 
Pioneer on 
the coast 
of Africa 
in 1843, 
' and of the 
: ee U.S. frigate 
pene Const itu- 
tion: in oe 


THE FRIGATE 
CONSTITUTION, 


ar k he attained March 1, 1849, he was on ‘the re- 
ceiving-ship Consort at Baltimore, Md., 1850-51, 
and the sloop Marionon the coast of Africa, 1852- 
55. As captain, to which rank he was promoted 
Jan. 28, 1856, he commanded the frigate St. Law- 
rence in the blockade of Charleston and the south- 
ern coast in 1861, and captured and sunk the Con- 
federate privateer Petrel when just twelve hours 
out. He also captured several other prizes and en- 
/ ed his ship in the fight with the Merrimac, 
March 9, 1862, and in the attack on Sewall’s Point, 
Hampden Roads. He’ was retired Dec. 21, 1861 ; 
be vas promoted commodore on the retired list July 
, 1862; served as light-house inspector, 1863-65, 
=f a was promoted rear-admiral on the retired 
list Feb. 25, 1881. He died in Baltimore, Md., 
Oct. 21, 1882. 

PURVIS, Robert, abolitionist, was born in 
rleston, §.C.. Aug. 4, 1810; son of William 
| Harriet (Badaracka) Purvis. His father, a 
ve of Northumberland, England, was acotton 
ser, andan abolitionist. His mother was the 
hter of Baron Judah Badaracka, a German 
and his wife Dida, a Moor and East Indian, 
received a liberal education in Pennsylvania, 
leting it at Amherst college. Benjamin 
dy met him in 1830, and the two began an 
ati lavery crusade. He was married in 1831 to 
rriet D., daughter of James and Charlotte 
ter. He was one of the sixty founders of the 
erican Antislavery society at Philadelphia, 
Dec. 4, 1833; signed its declaration of senti- 
and was its vice-president and its last sur- 
vor. He was also president of the Pennsylva- 
a Antislavery society, and organizer and presi- 


al attention to all fugitives en route to 
la, although often at the peril of his life. 
n John G. Whittier was his guest, the two 





es 


PUTNAM 


were mobbed in Pennsylvania Hall. He was inti- 
mately associated with William L loyd Garrison, 

whom he assisted in establishing and maintain- 
ing the Liberator, and he labored to have Presi- 
dent Lincoln place the civil war on an antislay ery 
basis in 1861. After the proclamation of emanci- 
pation he became the first vice-president of the 
Woman Suffrage society. He was also identi- 
fied with the temperance cause, the labor move- 
ment, and the movement to reform political 
methods in the city of Philadelphia. He was a 
speaker of much force and eloquence and presid- 


ed at the semi-centennial anniversary of the 
American Antislavery society in 1883. He died 


in Philadelphia, Pa., April 15, 1898. 

PURYEAR, Bennet, educator, was born in 
Mecklenburg county, Va., July 23, 1826; son of 
Thomas and Elizabeth (Marshall) Puryear ; grand- 
son of John and Mary (Hubbard) Puryear. and a 
descendant of John and Anne (Bennet) Goode, 
who came to Virginia from Berkshire, England, 
in 1658, and settled at Whitby on the James, 
naming it after the old home in England. He 
was graduated with the highest honors at Ran- 
dolph-Macon college, A.B., 1847, -A.M., 1850; 
taught school in Monroe county, Ala., 1847-48 ; 
was tutor in Richmond college, Va., 1850-51 ; 
professor of natural sciences, 1851-58, and profes- 
sor of chemistry and geology at Randolph-Macon 
college, 1858-66. He returned to the chair of 
natural sciences at Richmond college in 1866 ; 
was chairman of the faculty. 1869-75, with the 
exception of four years (1885-88), and professor of 
chemistry, 1873-95. The honorary degree of LL.D. 
was conferred on him by Georgetown college, 
Ky., and by Howard college, Ala., in 1878. He 
was married, first, to Virginia C., daughter of 
Nathaniel and Sallie (Massie) Ragland; and 
secondly, to Ella M., daughter of Leroy B. and 
Elizabeth (Puryear) Wyles. He is the author of 
many educational and political papers, including 
those on The Virginia Debt and The Public School 
in its Relation to the Negro. In December, 1902, 
he was residing in Orange county, near Orange, 
C.H., Virginia. 

PUTNAM, Albigence Waldo, author, was born 
in Belpre, Ohio, March 11, 1799; son of Aaron 
Waldo and Charlotte (Loring) Putnam ; grandson 
of Israel and Sarah (Waldo) Putnam and of Col. 
Daniel Loring of Ohio, and great-grandson of 
Gen. Israel Putnam. He engaged in the practice 
of law first in Mississippi, and after 1836 in Nash- 
ville, Tenn. He was president of the Tennessee 
Historical society, contributed to its publication, 
and is the author of: A History of Middle Ten- 
nessee (1859): Life and Times of Gen. James 
Robertson (1859), and Life of Gen. John Sevier 
in Wheeler’s ‘‘ History of North Carolina,” He 
died in Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 20, 1869. 


<3 (371] 


PUTNAM 


PUTNAM, Alfred Porter, clergyman and 
author, was born at Danvers, Mass., Jan. 10, 
1827: son of the Hon. Elias and Eunice (Ross) 
Putnam; grandson of Israel and Anna (Endicott) 
Putnam, and of Adam Ross of Ipswich, a Bunker 
Hill and Revolutionary soldier; great-grandson 
of Capt. Edmund Putnam, who commanded one 
of the Danvers-Lexington companies, April 19, 
1775, and a descendant of John Putnam, John 
Porter, Gov. John Endicott, Maj. William Ha- 
thorne, and other leading settlers of Salem Vil- 
lage, now Danvers. He was a bank clerk in 
Danvers; a book-keeper in a Boston mercantile 
house ; attended the Pembroke, N.H., Andover, 
Mass., and Springfield, Vt., academies ; matricu- 
lated at Dartmouth in 1849, but changed to Brown 
in 1850, and was graduated there A.B., 1852, and 
from the Harvard Divinity school in 1855, 
being sent while a student as delegate from Dan- 
vers to the first Republican convention in Massa- 
chusetts, held at Worcester in 1854. He was 
appointed to preach by the Boston Association 
of Ministers, and was pastor of the Mount Pleas- 
ant church (Unitarian), Roxbury, 1855-64 ; being 
also elected president of the Unitarian Sunday- 
school society in 1863. In 1862-63 he traveled 
abroad with the Rev. Frederick Frothingham, 
visiting the principal European countries, ascend- 
ing the Nile for a thousand miles, journeying by 
caravan to Mount Sinai, Petra, Mount Hor and 
Jerusalem, and sailing from Joppa to Constanti- 
nople. He was twice married; first, Jan. 10, 
1856, to Louise P., daughter of Samuel and 
Lydia (Proctor) Preston of Danvers, who died 
June 12, 1860; and secondly, Dec. 27, 1865, to 
Eliza King, daughter of Ephraim and Mary 
(King) Buttrick of Cambridge. He was minister 
of the First Unitarian church (Church of the 
Saviour), Brooklyn, N.Y., 1864-86, and while 
there started its flourishing mission school, and 
also a third Unitarian church in the city. He 
was one of the founders of the Brooklyn Union 
for Christian Workers; one of the editors of the 
Liberal Christian, a Unitarian weekly ; director, 
chairman of the executive committee, correspond- 
ing secretary, and a life member of the Long 
Island Historical society, and after 1886 honorary 
member of the Brooklyn New England society. 
He visited Europe in 1883 for the benefit of his 
health, and in 1886 resigned his pastorate to seek 
recovery in the country, soon settling in Con- 
cord, Mass. A year later, he began to preach 
in many places and to lecture before various 
historical societies, at the Meadville Theological 
school and at Tufts college, on subjects relating 
to history and hymnology, the Bible, ethnic reli- 
gions and archeology. In 1889 he established 
the Danvers Historical society, of which he was 
chosen president. In 1895 he removed to Danvers, 


[37% 


] 


PUTNAM 


and in 1897 to Salem, Mass. He was made an 
honorary member of the Peabody and Lexington 
historical societies, a member of the American 
Historical association, and of several patriotic 
and kindred organizations. Brown conferred 
upon him the honorary degree of D.D. in 1871, 
His bibliography, embracing about fifty titles, 
and comprising books, pamphlets, and discourses, 
includes the following: Memorial discourses on 
Edward Everett (1865), William Lloyd Garrison 
(1879), and Abiel Abbot Low (1893); Unitarian- 
ism in Brooklyn (1869); The Unitarian Denomi- 
nation, Past and Present (1870); Singers and 
Songs of the Liberal Faith (1874) ; Christianity 
the Law of the Land (1876); Proceedings of the 
Brooklyn Celebration of the Hundredth Birthday 
of Dr. Channing (edited, 1880); A Unitarian 
Oberlin (1888) ; Rebecca Nurse and Her Friends 
(1892); Old Anti-Slavery Days (1893); and Gen. 
Tsrael Putnam and Bunker Hill (1901). He is also 
the author of many contributions to periodicals, 
notably the Danvers Mirror, for which he wrote 
(1876-1902) more than one hundred articles, his- 
torical, biographical, genealogical, and descrip- 
tive. 

PUTNAM, Eben, genealogist, was born in 
Salem, Mass., Oct. 10, 1868; son of Frederic 
Ward and Adelaide Martha (Edmands) Putnam ; 
grandson of Eben and Elizabeth (Appleton) Put- 
nam and of William and Martha Adams (Tapley) 
Edmands. He was prepared for college at Cam- 
bridge high school, but did not matriculate, and 
in 1885 entered business life. He was married, 
Aug. 17, 1890, to Florence, daughter of Frank 
and Elizabeth Tucker of Boston, Mass. He was 
manager of the Salem Press, and editor of the 
Salem Press Historical Genealogical Record, and 
its successors, Putnam’s Historical Magazine and 
Genealogical Quarterly Magazine. He was busi- 
ness manager of The International Monthly, 
1899-1902, resigning in July, 1902, when he 
became president and manager of the Research 
Publication company of Boston. He was elected 
a member of the Essex Institute and of the New 
England Historic Genealogical society, in both of 
which societies he was a member of the library 
committee; and of the New Brunswick Histori- 
cal society. He was a founder, secretary and 
registrar, and member of the council of the Old 
Planters’ society ; member, secretary, and lieu- 
tenant-governor of the Society of Colonial Wars 
in Vermont, and delegate to its general assembly, 
1902; librarian of the Vermont Antiquarian 
society, 1901-02, chairman of the executive com- 
mittee, and one of the editors of the Vermont 
Antiquarian. He is the author of : History of the 
Putnam Family in England and America (1892- 
1901) ; Military and Naval Annals of Danvers 
(1895); editor and part author of Osgood Gene- 










































PUTNAM 


log? y (1894) ; and of many genealogical mono- 
or aphs, more or less complete, among which are 
the published results of research in England re- 
: ding the origin of the Endicott, Pillsbury, 
Purrington, Graves, Streeter, Tapley, and Weare 
ft milies, and many articles on records and record 
searching, aS well as on historical subjects of 
local interest. 

PUTNAM, Emily James, educator, was born 
in Canandaigua, N.Y., April 15, 1865; daughter 
of James Cosslett and Emily (Adams) Smith ; 
granddaughter of Thomas and Alice (Cosslett) 
mith and of John and Margaret (Hamilton) 
Adams, and a descendant of Henry Adams, who 
settled at Braintree, Mass., in 1634. Her father 
was a justice of the supreme court of the state 
of New York. She w&s graduated at Bryn Mawr 
¢ ollege, Pa., 1889; was a fellow in Greek language 
and literature, University of Chicago, 1893-94 ; 
studied at Cambridge university, England, 1889- 
_ 90, and was dean of Barnard college, Columbia 
university, 1894-1900. She resigned from Bar- 
d, Feb. 1, 1900, having been married, April 27, 
1899, to George Haven Putnam (q.v.). She is 
the author of Selections from Lucian (1891). 
PUTNAM, Frederic Ward, anthropologist, was 
_ born in Salem, Mass., April 16, 1839; son of Eben 
and Elizabeth Appleton Putnam; grandson of 
Eben and Elizabeth (Fiske) Putnam and of 
Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Ward) Appleton ; great- 
grandson of Joshua 
Ward and of John 
Fiske, and a descend- 
ant of John Put- 
nam, who emigrated 
from Aston Abbotts, 
Bucks, England, to 
Salem, Mass., in 1640. 
He received private 
preparatory instruc- 
tion and was grad- 
uated from the 
Lawrence Scientific 
school, Harvard, S.B.. 
1862. Very early in 
life he displayed an 
unusual aptness for 
the study of natural history, and in 1856 he was 
made curator of ornithology of the Essex Insti- 
tute, Salem, and published his ‘ List of the Birds 
Essex County.” In this same year-he became 
ecial student of zodlogy under Louis Agassiz 
was his assistant in charge of the collection 
of fishes in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy 
ut Harvard, 1856-64. He was married, first, in 
864, to Adelaide Martha, daughter of William 
M. Edmands of Charlestown, Mass., who died in 
879, and secondly, in 1882, to Esther Orne, 
daughter of John L. Clarke of Chicago, Ill. He 


PUTNAM 


was in charge of the museum of the Essex Insti- 
tute, Salem, 1864-67; superintendent of the East 
India Marine Society Museum, 1867, and when 
the two collections were merged as the Peabody 
Academy of Sciences, was made director of 
the academy. In 1875 he was made curator of 
the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethno- 
logy at Harvard, and when the Peabody pro- 
fessorship of American archeology and ethnology 
was established, he was awarded the chair. He 
was instructor at the School of Natural History 
on Penikese Island in 1874, and in the same year 
was appointed assistant on the Kentucky geolo- 
gical survey. He was state commissioner of 
inland fisheries for Massachusetts, 1882-89, and 
chief of the department of ethnology of the 
World’s Columbian exposition, 1891-94. In 1894 
he was appointed curator of anthropology in the 
American Museum of Natural History, New York 
city. In1901the regents of the University of 
California appointed him chairman of the 
advisory committee on anthropology. In connec- 
tion with his zodlogicaland anthropological work 
he published over 300 papers. He prepared Vol- 
ume VII of the Reports of the U:S. geological 
surveys west of the 100th meridian (archeology); 
and edited, for varying terms, the Proceedings of 
the Essex Institute, the Reports of the Peabody 
Academy, and the annual volumes of the Amer- 
ican Association for the Advancement of Science. 
He edited the annual reports of the Peabody 
Museum as well as all its publications after 


1873. He was the originator and editor of the 
Naturalists’ Directory in 1865, and one of the 


founders of the American Naturalist in 1867. His 
researches in American archeology began in 1857, 

when he examined a shell-heap in Montreal. He 
personally explored shell-heaps, burial mounds, 

village sites and caves in various parts of North 
America, as well as the ancient pueblos and 

cliff-houses, and the later geological deposits in 

California and in the Delaware Valley in con- 
nection with the antiquity of man in America. 

He directed extensive explorations in the United 

States, Mexico, Central and South America. He 

served as president of the American Association 

for the Advancement of Science, of the Boston 

Society of Natural History, and of the American 

Folk-lore society ; became a fellow of the National 

Academy of Science, the American Philosophical 

society, the Massachusetts Historical society, the 

American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the 

American Antiquarian society, and the anthro- 

pological societies of Washington, London, Paris, 

and Brussels; and in 1896 was decorated by the 
French government with the Cross of the Legion 

of Honor. The University of Pennsylvania gave 

him the S.D. degree in 1894 and one of the first 

four Drexel gold medals in 1903. 


[373] 


PUTNAM 


PUTNAM, George Haven, publisher, was born 
in London, England, April 2, 1844 ; son of George 
Palmer and Victorine (Haven) Putnam. He 
was brought to New York in 1847 and wasa pupil 
‘ in the public and Columbia grammar schools of 
New York city ; matriculated at Columbia col- 
lege in the class of 1864; studied in the College 
of the Sorbonne, Paris, and the University of 
Gottingen, 1861-62, and left Germany in August, 
1862, to enter the 176th regiment, New York volun- 
teers, organized largely by the Young Men’s 
Christian association. He was promoted ser- 
geant, lieutenant, quarter-master and adjutant, 
and commissioned major; served in the Red 
River campaign in Louisiana ; with Sheridan in 
the Shenandoah Valley ; was a prisoner at Libby 
and Danville, and with Emory in the last cam- 
paign in North Carolina. He was deputy col- 
lector of internal revenues under his father, 
1865-66, and became a partner in his father’s 
publishing house in 1866, the firm becoming G. 
P. Putnam & Son, and on the death of his father 
in 1872, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, George Haven, 
John Bishop and Irving constituting the firm. 
They established the Knickerbocker Press as the 
manufacturing department of the publishing busi- 
ness in 1875. George H. Putnam was active in re- 
organizing the American Copyright league in 
1887, originally organized by his father in 1851, 
and was its secretary during the contest for inter- 
national copyright, resulting in the bill of March, 
1891. This service secured for him the cross of 
the Legion of Honor from France in 1891. He 
received the honorary degree of A.M. from 
Bowdoin in 1895, and that of Litt. D. from the 
Western University of Pennsylvania in 1897. He 
was married, first, in July, 1869, to Rebecca Kettell 
Shepard of Boston, Mass., and after her death in 
July, 1895, secondly, April 27, 1899, to Emily James, 
daughter of Judge James C. Smith of Canan- 
daigua, N.Y. He wasadmitted to membership jin 
the Commonwealth club of New York, the Cen- 
tury association and the Authors and Aldine 
clubs of New York, and was one of the founders 
of the City and Reform clubs of New York. He 
was also a member of the Swiss club of London, 
and an honorary member of the National, Liberal 
and Cobden clubs of London, England. He was 
a founder of the Society for Political Education ; 
a member of the executive committee of the 
Civil Service Reform association; and also a 
member of the New York Free Trade club, the 
National Free Trade league, and the Honest 
Money league, 1876-78. He is the author of: 
Authors and Publishers (1883); Questions of 
Coypright (1891); Authors and Their Publications 
in Ancient Times (1893); The Artificial Mother 
(1894), Books and Their Makers in the Middle 
Ages (1896). 


PUTNAM 


PUTNAM, George Palmer, publisher, was 
born in Brunswick, Maine, Feb. 7, 1814; son of 
Henry (1778-1822) and Katherine Hunt (Palmer) 
Putnam (1791-1869); grandson of Joseph Pearce 
Palmer; great-grandson of Gen. Joseph Palmer 
of the Continental army (1742-1804), and a de- 
scendant of John Putnam, born at Aston Abbotts, 
Bucks county, England, 1580; settled at Salem, 
Mass., 1640. He attended school in Brunswick, 
Maine, two years, and when eight years old went 
to Boston, Mass., where he was helper in the carpet 
store of his uncle, John P. Gulliver, 1822-26. In 
1826 his mother removed to New York, where he 
was a clerk in a book storeof George W. Bleecker 
for a short time. He became clerk for Jonathan 
Leavitt in 1830, and in 1836 was made junior 
partner in the firm of Wiley and Long, book im- 
porters, for whom he went to Europe in 1838 as 
buyer, forming the first American book agency 
in London. Soon after this the firm became 
Wiley and Putnam. He was in London, 1837-47, 
in charge of the English house, and in 1848 es- 
tablished the publishing and bookselling house of 
G. P. Putnam, 155 Broadway. He was married 
in June, 1841, to Victorine, daughter of Joseph 
and Mary (Tuttle) Haven of Boston, Mass. He 
published Irving’s Works; Edgar Allen Poe’s 
‘*Kureka;” James Russell Lowell’s ‘* The Fable 
for Critics; Bayard Taylor’s ‘‘ Views Afoot,” 
and the first books of Cooper and Bryant in 1848. 
He established Putnam’s Monthly in 1853 ; organ- 
ized the copyright league in 1851, and admitted 
as partner John W. Leslie in 1854, the firm becom- 
ing G. P. Putnam & Co. In 1861 he organized the 
Loyal Publication society, which had an impor- 
tant influence on public opinion at home and in 
Europe, and in 1862 he retired temporarily from 
the publishing business and accepted from Presi- 
dent Lincoln the collectorship of internal reve- 
nues for the eighth district of New York, serving 
1862-66. He resumed the publishing business in 
1866 with his son, George Haven Putnam, and 
they established the house of G. P. Putnam & 
Son, which in 1868 admitted another son, John 
Bishop, and subsequently a third son, Irving, and 
became G. P. Putnam & Sons, with a house in 
Bedford St., London, England. He was secretary 
of the Publishers’ association, a founder and 
honorary superintendent of the Metropolitan Mu- 
seum of Art, and in 1864 was appointed chairman 
of the American committee on art, Vienna ex- 
position, 1873. He received the honorary degree of 
A.M. from Bowdoin college in 1853. He is the au- 
thor of: Chronology, An Introduction and Index 
to Universal History, Biography and Useful 
Knowledge (1833); Plea for International Copyright 
(1887); The Tourist in Europe (1888); American 
Facts (1840); American Book Circular (1848); 
American Facts (1845); A Pocket Memorandum- 


[374] 


eR TEs. 













































PUTNAM 


in France, Italy and Germany in 1847 
18); Ten Years of the World’s Progress ; Sup- 
t 1850-1861 (1861). He died in New York 
Dec. 20, 1872. 
TNAM, Harvey, representative, was born 
in Brattleboro, Vt., Jan. 5, 1798; son of Asa and 
Anna (Collins) Putnam; grandson of Josiah and 
Ly dia (Wheeler) Putnam, and a descendant of 
John and Priscilla (Gould) Putnam, who emigra- 
ted from Buckinghamishire, England, in 1634, set- 
gin Salem, Mass. He was left an orphan at 
early age, and in 1808 removed to Skaneateles, 
., where he learned the trade of asaddler and 
harnessmaker. He attended the village academy, 
studied law under Daniel Kellogg and Judge 
Jewett, and was admitted to the bar in 1816. He 
was married, Aug. 5, 1817, to Myra, daughter of 
[ tephen and Ablina (Simonds) Osborne, and 
granddaughter of Col. Benjamin Simonds of 
Williamstown, Mass. He practised in Manlius, 
1816-17, and in Attica, N.Y., 1817-55, after 1847 
in n partnership with his son-in-law, John B. Skin- 
ner, 2d. He was a Whig representative from the 
thirty-third New York district in the 25th con- 
gress, 1838-39, completing the term of William 
Patterson, deceased; was surrogate of Genesee 
eo unty, 1840-41 and of Wyoming county, 1841-42 
member of the state senate, 1843-46, serving 
erein as a member of the court for the correc- 
on of errors, anda Whig representative from 
the thirty-second district in the 80th and 31st con- 
gl esses, 1847-51, where he opposed compromise 
“measures. He died in Attica, N. Y., Sept. 20, 1855. 
PUTNAM, Herbert, librarian, was born in New 
York city, Sept. 20, 1861; son of George Palmer 
Victorine (Haven) Putnam. He was pre- 
ared for college in the private school of James 
|. Morse ; was graduated at Harvard in 1883, 
and studied law 
at Columbia college, 
N.Y., 1883-84. He 
was librarian of the 
Minneapolis Athe- 
neeum, 1884-87, which 
he organized in 1887 
as the Minneapolis 
Public library, serv- 
ing as its librarian, 
1887-91, and in 1888 
went to Europe in 
the interest of the 
library. He was ad- 
mitted to the Minne- 
sota bar in 1886; 
was married, October, 
6, to Charlotte Elizabeth, daughter of Charles 
nroe of Cambridge, Mass.; engaged in the 
e of law in Boston, Mass., 1892-95, and 
a of the Boston Public library, 1895- 


PUTNAM 


99, succeeding Theodore F. Dwight. During his 
administration the income of the library increased 
from $190,000 to $263,000 ; the departments were 
reorganized, new ones established and several 
improvements in equipment and arrangement 
made as to the circulation of books. Dur- 
ing 1896-97 he was president of the Massachu- 
setts Library club; in 1897 he represented the 
United States as delegate to the International 
library conference, and in 1898 he was elected 
president of the American Library association. 
He was appointed to succeed John Russell 
Young, deceased, as librarian of congress, Wash- 
ington, D.C., March 13, 1899. He received the 
honorary degree of Litt.D. from Bowdoin college 
in 1898. 

PUTNAM, Israel, soldier, was born in Salem, 
Mass., Jan. 7, 1718; twelfth child of Joseph 
(half brother of Edward) and Elizabeth (Porter) 
Putnam; grandson of Thomas and Mary Verne 
Putnam and of Israel and Elizabeth (Hathorne) 
Porter, and great-grandson of John Porter, of 
William Hathorne and of John and Priscilla 
(Gould) Putnam, all immigrants from England 
about 1630-1634, and settlers in Salem, Mass- 
achusetts Bay Colony. Israel’s father died when he 
was quite young, and his mother marrying Capt. 
Thomas Perley of Boxford, he was brought up 
on the farm of his stepfather, receiving a portion 
of his father’s farm near Salem, on reaching 
his majority. In 1739 he was married to Han- 
nah, daughter of Joseph and Mehitable (Putnam) 
Pope, and in company with his brother-in-law, 
John Pope, he removed to Mortlake, Conn., and 
settled ona farm of 514 acres, purchased from 
Governor Belcher. He brought his wife and 
child to this place in the autumn of 1740, and on 
June 13, 1741, became sole owner of the estate, 
which he at once 
began to improve. 
He planted a va- 
riety of both fruit 
and shade trees 
in orchards and 
along the high- 
ways which he 
laid out through 
the place. His 
success in farming, 
as an orchardist, 
and in sheep rais- 
ing made him the 
leading citizen of the community, 
early promotor of good neighborhood schools. 
He was captain in the regiment of Col. Ephriam 
Williams, raised to protect the northern frontier 
from the invasion of the French in 1755, when he 
joined the army of Gen. Phineas Lyman in the 
expedition to Lake George and Crown Point, 





and he was an 


[375] 


PUTNAM 


and was present at the disastrous defeat of the 
Colonial army by Baron Dieskau in the woods 
near Lake George, Sept. 8, 1755, followed by 
the successful battle that resulted in the annihi- 
lation of the army of Dieskau, and the baronetcy 
of William Johnson. Putnam displayed such 
unusual skill in Indian warfare that he was made 
an independent scout, and operated with the 
rangers under Maj. Robert Rogers. After spend- 
ing the winter of 1755-56 at home, he joined 
General Abercrombie at Fort Edward in the 
spring, and his exploits in saving the powder 
magazine during a fire in the fort, his rescue of a 
party of soldiers by passing the rapids of Fort 
Miller in a bateau, and his recapture of provisions 
and military stores seized by the French, his 
capture, torture, miraculous escape and_ final 
exchange, form an important part of the history 
of the French and Indian war. He was promoted 
lieutenant-colonel and took part in command of 
his regiment in the successful expeditions of 
General Amherst against Ticonderoga and Crown 
Point in 1759, and against Montreal in 1760. He 
accompanied General Lyman to the West Indies 
in 1762; and took part in the capture of Havana, 
Aug. 13, 1762, and in 1764 was promoted colonel 
and joined Bradstreet in his march to the relief 
of Detroit besieged by Pontiac. He had spent 
his winters at home, and in 1765 resumed his 
farming operations, also conducting a profitable 
inn in Mortlake Manor, which had been set off 
from Pomfret in 1751. Colonel Putnam became 
a member of the church, aselectman of the town, 
deputy to the general assembly, and in the 
winter of 1772-73 accompanied General Lyman 
to inspect the lands on the Mississippi river near 
Natchez given to the soldiers of Connecticut for 
their services in the French and Indian war. He 
was a Son of Liberty, having joined the order in 
1765, and when General Gage was in Boston, he 
visited him, and declared his allegiance to the 
cause of the colonies. He heard the news of the 
battle of Lexington while plowing in his fields, 
and at once mounted his horse. After riding all 
night he reached Cambridge, Mass., the next 
morning, proceeding on the same day to Concord, 
Mass., whence he sent a messenger back to Pom- 
fret to have the militia in readiness to meet the 
emergency. Thenext week he returned home and 
was appointed brigadier-general by the legisla- 
ture, having command of the militia of the 
colony. He joined the patriot army at Cam- 
bridge, and commanded at the battle of Bunker 
Hill, June 17, 1775, and on June 19, was made 
major-general in the Continental army, and 
placed in command of the division stationed at 
Cambridge. He was ordered to New York to 
assume chief command of the army, and on his 
arrival, April 4, 1776, he proceeded to place the 


PUTNAM 


city in a condition of defence, to this end declar- 
ing the inhabitants under martial law. Wash- 
ington arrived April 13, and continued the work 
so efficiently begun by Putnam, who remained 
second in command. On August 17, Putnam an- 
nounced to Washington the arrival of General 
Howe’s fleet off Sandy Hook, and on August 22, 
15,000 royal troops crossed the narrows from 
Staten Island to Gravesend, Long Island. On 
August 24, he succeeded General Sullivan in com- 
mand of Brooklyn Heights, and his army was 
defeated August 27, and forced to cross the East 
River to New York, where his army of 5000 men 
found temporary refuge. On the retreat to Har- 
lem, he commanded the rear guard, and after 
distinguishing himself in the battle of Harlem 
Heights, he was sent with a detachment to the 


support of General McDougall at White Plains, 


but arriving too late, crossed the Hudson River 
to Fort Lee, where after the capture of Fort 
Washington, Nov. 26, 1776, and the discovery of 
the treachery of General Charles Lee, he was 
placed in command of the troops in Philadelphia, 
where he constructed fortifications and prepared 
the city against threatened British attack. In 
January, 1777, he went into winter quarters at 
Princeton, N.J.,and in May, 1777, was transferred 
to the command of the troops in the Highlands 
of the Hudson river, with headquarters at Peeks- 
kill, from which post he was forced by the 
British to retreat to Fishkill in October, but re- 
occupied Peekskill on the retirement of Sir 
Henry Clinton to New York. His delay in com- 
plying with Washington’s directions to reinforce 
the army at Philadelphia now threatened by 
Howe and Clinton, cost him his command and a 
severe reprimand from the commander-in-chief, 
and he was placed on recruiting duty in Connecti- 
cut. He defended the state against the raids 
of Governor Tryon, when Danbury was burned, 
April 26, 1777, and during the winter of 1778-79, 
made his escape from Tryon’s cavalry, by dash- 
ing down the precipice at Greenwood. He com- 
manded the right wing of the American army 
at the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778, and 
at West Point on the Hudson, July to December, 
1779, and while on his return to Washington’s 
headquarters at Morristown after a visit to Pom- 
fret, he was stricken with paralysis at Hart- 
ford, Conn., and this disease closed his military 
career. He married as his second wife, in 1767, 
Deborah (Lathrop) Avery Gardner, widow of 
John Gardner, and she accompanied him on most 
of his campaigns, and died at his headquarters 
in the Highlands in 1777. An equestrian statue 
by J. Q. A. Ward was unveiled in Brooklyn, Conn., 
June 14,1888. Lives of General Israel Putnam 
have been written by David Humphreys (1790); 
by O. W. B. Peabody in Sparks’s ‘‘ American 


[376] 








PUTNAM 























































rraphy ”; by William Cutler (1846); by the 
Rev. Duncan N. Taylor, D.D. (1876), and by Wil- 
iam Farrand Livington (1901) which gives much 
new light on his private and military life. In the 
tion of names fora place in the Hall of Fame 
for Great Americans, New York university, Oc- 
ober, 1900, his name in‘* Class N, Soldiers and 
Sa ailors.” received ten votes. He died in Brook- 
Conn., May 29, 1790. 
PUTNAM, James Osborne, diplomatist, was 
born in Attica, N.Y., July 4, 1818; son of Harvey 
a nd Myra’ Pisboria) Putnam, and a descendant, 
in the eighth generation, of John and Priscilla 
> Putnam, who emigrated from Buckinghamshire, 
England, in 1634, and settled in Salem, Mass. He 
_ passed his freshman and sophomore years in Ham- 
ilton college, 1837-88, and entered the Yale junior 
pegse of 1839, and was graduated as of that class 
n 1865, receiving his A.M. degree the same year. 
He studied law in his father’s office; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1842; practised in Buffalo, 
N N.Y., and was postmaster of that city, 1851-53. 
‘He was married, Jan. 5, 1842, to Harriet Foster, 
daughter of George and Harict (Foster) Palmer 
of Buffalo; and secondly, March 15, 1855, to Kate 
-F., daughter of the Rev. Worthington and 
Katherine (Green) Wright of Woodstock, Vt. 
i He was a member of the New York state senate, 
1854-55, where he originated the bill that be- 
me a law, requiring the title of church property 
to be vested in trustees. He was defeated as the 
American party nominee for secretary of state 
in 1857; was a presidential elector from the state- 
i) at-large on the Lincoln and Hamlin ticket in 
; ; U.S. consul at Havre, France, 1861-66 ; 
U.S. minister to Belgium, 1880-82, and U.S. 
delegate to the International Industrial Property 
gress at Paris in 1881. He is the author of: 
ions, Speeches and Miscellanies (1880). In 
3 he still held the position of chancellor of 
University of Buffalo, which he had occupied 
any years. 
AM, Mary Traill Spence (Lowell), 
r, was born in Boston, Mass., Dec. 3, 1810; 


Mary (Traill) Spence, and a enesadnht of 
cefall Lowle, who emigrated from Bristol, 


), and settled in Newbury, Mass. She was a 
er of James Russell Lowell. She received a 
ral education, and was married, April 25, 1832, 

50 >) Samuel Raymond, son of Judge Samuel (1768- 
i8 3) and Sarah (Gooll) Putnam of Salem, Mass. 
son, William Lowell Putnam, of the 20th 
j husetts regiment, was killed at the battle 
Us Bluff, Va., Oct. 21, 1861. She was emi- 
sa traveler, scholar and linguist; contri- 


PUTNAM 


buted articles on Polish and Hungarian litera- 
ture, and the history of Hungary, published in 
the North American Review, 1848-50, and in the 
Christian Examiner, 1850-51 ; translated Fredrika 
Bremer’s ‘* The Handmaid,” from the Swedish 
(1844), and is the author of : Records of an Ob- 
scure Man (1861); The Tragedy of Errors (1862); 
The Tragedy of Success (1862), dramatic poems ; 
Memoir of William Lowell Putnam (1862); Fifteen 
Days (1866); Memoir of the Rev. Charles Lowell 
(1885). She died in Boston, Mass., June [, 1898. 
PUTNAM, Rufus, soldier, was born in Sutton, 
Mass., April 9, 1738; son of Elisha and Susanna 
(Fuller) Putnam; grandson of Edward (half- 
brother of Joseph) and Mary (Hall) Putnam, and 
of Jonathan and Susan (Trask) Fuller ; great- 
grandson of Thomas Putnam, and great?-grand- 


son of John and Priscilla (Gould) Putnam. His 
grandfather, Edward Putnam, and Gen. Israel 


Putnam’s father, Joseph Putnam, were half 
brothers, Rufus Putnam’s father died in 1745 
and Rufus was taken into the family of his grand- 
father, Jonathan Fuller, who resided at Danvers, 
Mass., where he attended school two years, 
When his mother was married to Capt. John 
Sadler of Upton, he removed to the inn kept by 
his stepfather, where he had no school privileges, 
and when sixteen years old was apprenticed to a 
millwright in North Brookfield, from that time 
devoting his leisure to study. When nineteen 
years old, he enlisted in Capt. Ebenezer Leonard’s 
company for service on the porhore frontier 
against the French 
and Indians, and 
reaching Fort Ed- 
ward in April, 1757, 
was made a scout in 
the company of Capt. 
Israel Putnam. He 
declined a_ lieuten- 
ant’s commission in 
1759 and returned to 
Massachusetts, set- 
tling in New Brain- 
tree, where he fol- 
lowed the occupa- © 
tions of millwright 

and farmer. He was 

married in April, 





oe Done 


1761, to Elizabeth, daughter of William Ayers of 


Brookfield ; she died, 1762. He married secondly, 
Jan. 10, 1765, Persis, daughter of Zebulon Rice 
of Westboro, and they made a new home in North 
Brookfield. With Col. Israel Putnam and other 
officers of the Colonial army, he explored lands 
in East Florida granted by Parliament to Provin- 
cial officers and soldiers, and in January, 1773, 
surveyed the supposed grant, which proved to be 
of no value. He was made lieutenant-colonel of 


[377] 


PUTNAM 


Col, David Brewer's Worcester County regiment 
on his return to Massachusettsin 1775, joined the 
American army at Roxbury, and was appointed 
engineer to take charge of the works about 
Boston. On the night of March 4-5, 1775, he con- 
structed the fortification on Prospect Hill, Dor- 
chester Heights, a masterly piece of engineering, 
which compelled the evacuation of Boston, 
March 17, 1776, saving Washington the necessity 
of attacking with an inferior force the British 
army entrenched in Boston. He also constructed 
fortifications for the defence of Providence and 
Newport, Rhode Island, in December, 1775. He 
was transferred to New York when Gen. Israel 
Putnam commanded that city, and planned its 
defences. He was appointed chief engineer of the 
Continental army with the rank of colonel, Aug. 
11, 1776, and took partin the battle of Long 
Island, Aug. 27, 1776, and in the retreats of the 
army to Harlem and across into New Jersey. He 
directed the construction of the temporary forti- 
fications that protected the rear of Washington’s 
army and prevented the enemy capturing the 
baggage trains and stores. Congress, disap- 
pointed that New York had fallen into the pos- 
session of the British, and fearing for the safety 
of Philadelphia, questioned the engineering skill 
of Colonel Putnam and he resigned, Dec. 8, 1776. 
Washington, however, stated that he was the 
best engineer in the army, whether American or 
French. Upon returning to Massachusetts Put- 
nam rejoined the army, Dec. 17, 1776, as colonel 
of the 5th Massachusetts regiment under General 
Gates, and in the campaign that culminated in 
the surrender of General Burgoyne’s army at Sar- 
atoga, Oct. 17, 1777, he bore a conspicuous part. 
In March, i778, he superintended the construction 
of the defences of the Highlands of the Hudson 
in the neighborhood of West Point, building forts 
Wyllis, Webb and Putnam, the last being named 
for him by General McDougall. He also com- 
manded a regiment in Gen. Anthony Wayne’s 
brigade, joining the American forces at Peekskill 
in June, 1778, and was in active service from the 
battles of Stony Point to the close of the cam- 
paign. He was transferred to Boston where he 
obtained relief from the government for the 
Massachusetts troops in 1780, and was engaged 
from February to July, i782, in adjusting the 
claims of citizens of New York for damages 
caused to their property by the war. He was 
commissioned brigadier-general, Jan. 8, 1783, and 
at the request of Washington reported a compre- 
hensive plan for fortifying the whole country, 
which was submitted to congress but not acted 
upon, owing to the opposition in that body to pre- 
paring for war in time of peace. He purchased the 
confiscated property of Daniel Murray, an absen- 
tee, located at Rutland, Mass., in 1780, and made 


PUTNAM 


it his home. He was aide to Gen. Benjamin Lin- 
coln in quelling Shays’s rebellion in 1787, and rep- 
resented his town in the general court of Massa- 
chusetts in 1787. He planned the settlement of 
Ohio territory by a company of veteran soldiers 
from New England in 1782, and in his plans made 
the absolute exclusion of slavery an inflexible 
condition. He urged the matter upon President 
Washington, 1782-87, as shown by his correspon- 
dence, and the President in turn urged the scheme 
upon congress, but could get that body to take no 
interest in it. Washington therefore secured the 
appointment of Putnam by congress as surveyor of 
the Northwest territory, and Putnam sent Gen. 
Tupper as his deputy to examine the country in 
the winter of 1785-86. The two veterans met at 
Putnam’s home, Rutland, Mass., Jan. 9, 1786, and 
planned the meeting of the veteran soldiers of 
Massachusetts in Boston. March 1, 1786. When 
the Ohio company was organized in 1787, Putnam 
was made the director of all their affairs. He 
sent Samuel H. Parsons (q.v.) to congress in 1787 
to negotiate the purchase, but when he retired 
unsuccessful, Putnam sent Manasseh Cutler 
(q.v.), who secured the territory, including the 
provision to exclude slavery by the passage of the 
ordinance, July 13, 1787,—the sum to be paid, as 
fixed by the measures passed July 27, to be 
$1,500,000, the veteran soldiers settling in the ter- 
ritory to surrender their claims for half pay. Gen- 
eral Putnam then organized his band of forty- 
































MARIETTA~1788 
eight men and made the journey to Ohio, reach- 
ing Marietta, April 7, 1788, where they made the 
first permanent settlement in the eastern part of 
the Northwest territory. The centennial of the 
settlement was celebrated by the states carved 
from the Northwest territory, April 7, 1888, when 
Senator Hoar of Massachusetts delivered the ora- 
tion, in which he took occasion to give General 
Putnam his rightful place in the history of the 
settlement of the Northwest. General Putnam 
was appointed judge of the supreme court of the 
territory in 1789, and was commissioned brig- 


[878] 


\ 





PUTNAM 











































general, U.S.A., May 4, 1792, serving with 
eral Wayne in the operations to quell the 
an trouble on the frontier. He was U.S. 
missioner to treat with the Indians, 1792-93, 
hich led toa treaty with eight Indian tribes 
Point Vincent, Sept. 27, 1792. He resigned 
commission in the army, Feb. 15, 1793, and 
egy eoneral of the United States, 1793- 
18 = ; a founder of Muskingum academy, 1798 ; 
ti trustee of the Ohio university, 1804-24; a ere 
gate to the Ohio constitutional convention of 1802, 
where his determined opposition prevented by 
one vote the introduction of a clause preserving 
th e rights of slaveholders within the state. He 
vas an organizer of the first bible society west of 
he Alleghanies in 1812. He was the last living 
officer of the Continental army. His manuscript 
Pe was placed in the library of Marietta col- 
, Ohio. A tablet placed on his house at Rut- 
a. Mass., by the Society of Sons of the Revolu- 
Bo, was eveilad, Sept. 17, 1898, Senator George 
risbie Hoar delivering the address, ‘* Rufus 
Putnam, Founder and Father of Ohio” (1898). 
Senator Hoar also delivered the oration ‘* Found- 
‘ing of the Northwest” at the Marietta Centennial 
‘celebration, April 7, 1888 (published 1895), and 
the oration published in the ‘* Evacuation Day 
. Memorial, City of Boston ” (1901). General Rufus 
- Putnam died in Marietta, Ohio, May 4, 1824. 
_ PUTNAM, William LeBaron, jurist, was born 
in Bath, Maine, May 26, 1835; son of Dr. Israel 
and Sarah Emery (Frost) Putnam; grandson of 
rael Putnam of Sutton, Mass., and of William 
“Frost of Topsham, Maine, and a descendant of 
John Putnam of Salem, Mass., of Dr. Francis 
LeBaron of Plymouth, Mass., of Anthony Emery 
Newbury, Mass., and afterward of Kittery, 
3 Be: and of George Soule of Plymouth, Mass. 
was graduated from Bowdoin, A.B., 1855, 
1858 ; was admitted to the bar in 5 oes 
sr, 1857, settled in practice at Portland as the 
tner of George Evans (q.v.), and continued 
tise in Portland until he was appointed 
circuit judge, building up an extensive pro- 
nal business. He was mayor of Portland, 
70. He twice declined appointment as jus- 
of the supreme judicial court of Maine. In 
tember, 1887, he was appointed by President 
veland, with Thomas F. Bayard and James B. 
ell, plenipotentiary to negotiate with Great 
tain in the settlement of the rights of Ameri- 
fishermen in the territorial waters of Canada 
Newfoundland. He was also the represen- 
ve selected by the President to sit on the 
g Sea Claims commission under the treaty 
Great Britain of Feb. 8, 1896, and served, 
_ As Democratic candidate for governor 
1e in 1888 he received the largest vote 


ee 


PYNCHON 


date strictly of that party. Although a Demo- 
crat, he was appointed by President Harrison 
judge of the U.S. circuit court for the first cir- 
cuit, his commission issuing, March 17, 1892. He 
received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Bow- 
doin college in 1884, and from Brown university 
in 1893. 

PYLE, Howard, artist, was born in Wilming- 
ton, Del., March 5, 1853; son of William and 
Margaret Churchman (Painter) Pyle; grandson 
of Isaac Pyleand of William and Phoebe (Church- 
man) Painter. His progenitors upon both sides 
were members of the Society of Friends, who 
‘early settled in the province of Pennsylvania 
under the proprietary government of William 
Penn. Robert Pyle, his ancestor in direct descent, 
came from Hornton in the parish of Bishop Can- 
ning, Wiltshire, where he married Ann, daughter 
of William Globy of Hilperton. This colonist 
emigrated in 1683-84 to America, where he held 
considerable grants of land in eastern Pennsy|- 
vania, and where he was for several years a 
member of tlie Provincial assembly, besides 
being more or less identified with public affairs 
of the early days of the province. Howard Pyle 
studied art under Franz Van der Wielen (a gold 
medalist of the School of Antwerp), in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., 1869-72, and subsequently (1876-77) was 
associated to some extent with the Art Students’ 
league of New York city. His early illustra- 
tions, short stories and poems appeared in the 
leading New York periodicals in 1876-79. He 
was married in 1881, to Anne, daughter of J. 
Morton and Ann (Suplee) Poole of Wilmington, 
Del. He devoted his art work almost entirely to 
the production of illustrations which appeared in 
periodicals and books. He is the author of the 
following works, which he himself illustrated : 
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood of Notting- 
hamshire (1883); Within the Capes (1885, unillus- 
trated); Pepper and Salt, or Seasoning for Young 
Folk (1887); The Rose of Paradise (1887); The 
Wonder Clock, or Four and Twenty Marvellous 
Tales (1888); Otto of the Silver Hand (1888); A 
Modern Aladdin (1891): Men of Tron, a Romance 
of Chivalry (1892); Jack Ballister’s Fortune (1894); 
Twilight Land (1895); The Garden Behind the 
Moon (1895). 

PYNCHON, John, colonist, was born in Spring- 
field, Essex county, England, in 1621; son of Col. 
William (q.v.) and Anna (Andrew) Pynchon. 
He was married, Oct. 30, 1644, to Amy, daughter 
of Gov. George Wyllys of Hartford, Conn., and 
when his father returned to England in 1652, 
succeeded him as governor of the settlement at 
Springfield, Mass., acquired by him by purchase, 
which included the greater part of the Connec- 
ticut river valley. He built the first brick house 
in the Connecticut valley in 1660, which served 


(379) 


PYNCHON 


as a fort against Indian invasion, laid out the 
towns of Northampton, Hadley, Hatfield, Deer- 
field, Northfield and Westfield; served as colonel 
of the 1st regiment of Hampshire County militia 
in King Philip’s war, 1675-76, and his influence 
enabled him to make favorable treaties with the 
Indians, including one with the Mohawks in 1680. 
He was a deputy to the general court of Massa- 
chusetts, 1659-65 ; a commissioner to receive the 
surrender of New York by the Dutch in 1664; an 
assistant under the first Massachusetts Royal 
charter, 1665-86, and councillor under the respec- 
tive governors, 1668-1703. He visited England 
several times in the interest of his father’s estate, 
and left a large landed property. He died in 
Springfield, Mass., Jan. 7, 1708. 

PYNCHON, Thomas Ruggles, educator, was 
born in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 19, 1823; son of 
William Henry Ruggles and Mary (Murdoch) 
Pynchon; grandson of Thomas Ruggles and 
tebecca Pynchon and of James and Mary Mur- 
doch, and a descend- 
ant of Col. William 
and Anna (Andrew) 
Pynchon, immigrants 
to Massachusetts 
from England in 1630. 
He was fitted for 
college at the Boston 
Latin school; gradu- 
ated at Trinity col- 
lege, Hartford, Conn., 
A.B., 1841, <A.M., 
1844, and was a tutor 
in classics there, 
1843-47. He studied 
theology; was ad- 
mitted to the di- 
aconate, June 14, 1848, and to the priesthood, 
July 25, 1849; was rector of St. Paul’s, Stock- 
bridge, and Trinity, Lenox, Mass., 1849-54; Sco- 
vill professor of chemistry and natural sciences 
at Trinity college, 1854-77 ; studied in Paris, and 
made a geological tour through southern France, 
Italy and Sicily with special reference to volcanic 
action, including the ascent of Mount Etna 
by night, 1855-56 ; was librarian of Trinity col- 
lege, 1857-82; chaplain, 1860-64 and 1866-67; 
president, 1874-83; in 1877 became _ professor, 
and in 1888 Brownell professor of moral phi- 
losophy. During his presidency he superin- 
tended the transfer of the college to its new site 
and the erection of the new buildings. He 
became an associate fellow of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences ; founder and 
vice-president of the American Metrological so- 
ciety, and a fellow of the American Association 
for the Advancement of Science and of the Geo- 
logical Society of France. He received the de- 





PYNE 


gree D.D. from St. Stephen’s in 1865 and LL.D. 
from Columbia in 1877. He is the author of: 
A Treatise on Chemical Physics (1869), and An 
Examination and Defense of Bishop Butler’s 
Analogy, and his Argument Extended (1889). 
PYNCHON, William, colonist, was born in 
Springfield, Essex county, England, in 1590 ; son 
of John and —— (Orchard) Pynchon. He 
immigrated to America with his wife Anna, 
daughter of William Andrew of Twiwell, North- 
amptonshire, England, in 1630, being of the 
party with Governor Winthrop. He held valu- 
able patents from Charles I. of lands in Massa- 
chusetts, being made one of the eighteen assis- 
tants in March, 1629. He aided in organizing the 
first church in Roxbury, entered into the fur 
trade with the Indians and became treasurer of 
the colony. His wife having died, he was married, 
secondly, to Frances Sanford of Roxbury, Mass., 
and in 1636 removed with his family and a small 
party to Agawam in the valley of the Connecti- 
cut river, which place was renamed Springfield 
in 1640, the name of his father’s residence in 
England. He was chief magistrate of the colony, 
1636-52. He was deposed from his offices in the 
colony by the legislature for alleged heretical 
sentiments expressed in his book published in 
England in 1650, and the edition was burned by 
the sheriff in the presence of the faithful in Bos- 
ton, only three copies of the book being saved 
from destruction. He refused to appear before 
the legislature and the case was dropped. He 
returned to England in September, 1652, in com- 
pany with his son-in-law, Henry Smith, and the 
Rev. John Moxon, and devoted himself to theolo- 
gical writing. His works include: a revised edi- 





tion of The Meritorious Price of Man's Redemp- 


tion, or Christ's Satisfaction Discussed and 
Explained, with a rejoinder to Rev. John Nor- 
ton’s Answer (1655); The Jewish Synagogue (1652); 
How the First Sabbath was Ordained (1654); and 
The Covenant of Nature (1662). He died in 
Wraisbury, England, Oct. 29, 1662. 

PYNE, [loses Taylor, educationist, was born 
in New York city, Dec. 21, 1855; son of Percy 
Rivington and Albertina (Shelton) Pyne. He 
was graduated from the College of New Jersey, 
A.B., 1877, A.M., 1880, and from the College of 
the City of New York, LL.B., 1879, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1880. He was married, June 
2, 1880, to Margaretta Stockton and made his 
home at ‘‘ Drumthwacket,” Princeton, N.J. He 
was an Officer and director in various banks, man- 
ufactories and railroads, and was largely inter- 
ested in educational advancement, serving as a 
trustee of Princeton university from 1885, as a 
trustee and chairman of the finance committee of 
Lawrenceville School and asa trustee of St. Paul’g 
school, Concord, N.H. 


[380] 





QUACKENBOS 














































~ QUACKENBOS, George Payn, educator, was 
born in New York city, Sept. 4, 1826; son of Dr. 
- George Clinton and Catharine (Payn) Quacken- 
bos; grandson of John (a contractor for supplies 
for the American army during the Revolutionary 
~ war) and Catherine (DeWitt) Quackenbos and of 
Isaac Bunnell and Polly Payn of Fort Miller, 
“New York, and a descendant of Pieter Van 
Quakkenbosch, who came to New Amsterdam 
from Oestgeest, Holland, about 1670. He was 
graduated from Columbia, A.B., 1843, A.M., 
1846; was married in 1846 to Louise, daughter of 
Alexander and Mary Duncan of Forres, Scotland; 
studied law, and became principal of the Henry 
Street Grammar school, 1847, and of the Colle- 
giate school, N.Y., 1855. He was editor of the 
_ Literary American in New York city, 1848-50. 
The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on 
him by Wesleyan university in 1863. He edited 
Spiers’s French Dictionary in 1850, and was the 
author of many school books, including: First 
Lessons in Composition (1851); Advanced Course 
in Rhetoric and Composition (1854); School His- 
tory of the United States (1857); Natural Philo- 
sophy (1859); A Series of English Grammars 
(1862-64); A Series of Arithmetics (1868-74) ; 
Language Lessons (1876); American History 
(1877), and Appleton’s Elementary and Higher 
Geographies (1880-81). He died in New London, 
N.H., July 24, 1881. 
QUACKENBOS, John Duncan, educator, 
scientist and physician, was born in New York 
city, April 22, 1848; son of George Payn and 
Louise (Duncan) Quackenbos. He was graduated 
from Columbia, A.B., 1868, A.M., 1871, and from 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, M.D., 
1871. He was married, June 28, 1871, to Laura 
\. Pinckney, daughter of Theodore W. and Caro- 
line M. Pinckney of New York; was tutor in 
rhetoric and history at Columbia, 1870-84; ad- 
_junct professor of the English language and 
_ literature, 1884-91; professor of rhetoric, 1891- 
94; resigned, and was elected professor emeritus 
of rhetoric in 1894. He afterward devoted him- 
_ self to the practice of his profession, and became 
_ widely known in America and abroad for his 
_ original and successful applications of suggestive 
__ therapeutics in mental and moral disease. He 
_ was elected a member of the Geographical society 
in 1883; of the New York Historical society in 
1883; fellow of the New York Academy of Medi- 
cine in 1884; member of the New York Academy 
of Sciences in 1890; fellow of the New Hamp- 
shire Medical society, 1896; member of the 
American Association for the Advancement of 
ence, 1899; member of the American Medical 
association, 1900, and of the London Society 


Q. 


QUACKENBUSH 


for Psychical Research, 1901. He became known 
as a sportsman and naturalist ; brought to public 
notice the presence of anew charr in New Eng- 
land waters, the Alpine trout of Lake Sunapee, 
N.H., and was the first private importer of the 
Loch Leven trout, 1887; became vice-president 
of the Society for the Protection of New Hamp- 
shire Forests, and a member of the Association 
for the Protection of the Adirondacks. He is the 
author of some twenty standard works : Appleton’s 
School History of the World (1876); History of 
Ancient Literature (1878); A History of the Eng- 
lish Language (1884); Appleton’s Physical Geo- 
graphy (1887); Appleton’s Physies (1891); Practical 
Rhetoric (1896); Enemies and Evidences of Chris- 
tianity (1899) ; Hypnotism in Mental and Moral 
Culture (1900); The Mutual Relationship in Hyp- 
notism (1901); Hypno-Suggestion in Trained Nurs- 
ing (1902); Suggestion and the Christian Minis- 
ter (1902), and numerous medical and scientific 
monographs. 

QUACKENBUSH, John Adam, representative, 
was born in Schaghticoke, N.Y., Oct. 16, 1828 ; 
sonof Harmon and Elizabeth (Baucus) Quacken- 
bush ; and grandson of Jacob and Ann (Groesbeck) 
Quackenbush and of John and Maria (Wetsel) 
Baucus. He attended the district schools and the 
academy at Stillwater, N.Y., and engaged in 
business as a farmer and lumber merchant. He 
was matried, Sept. 29, 1852, to Harriet, daughter 
of Josiah G. and Elizabeth (Kinney) Town of 
Schaghticoke, N.Y. He was supervisor from 
Schaghticoke, 1859-62 ; chairman of the board of 
supervisors of Rensselaer county in 1862 : a mem- 
ber of the state assembly in 1863, sheriff of Rens- 
selear county in 1873-76; a member of the Re- 
publican state central committee, 1887-94; a Re- 
publican representative from the eighteenth dis- 
trict in the 51st and 52d congresses, 1889-93, and 
in. 1892 was defeated by Charles D. Haines, 
Democrat. 

QUACKENBUSH, Stephen Platt, naval officer, 
was born in Albany, N.Y., Jan. 23, 1823. He was 
warranted midshipman in the U.S. navy, Feb. 
15, 1840 ; was promoted passed midshipman, July 
11, 1846 ; master, March 1, 1855; lieutenant, Sept. 
14, 1855, serving during the Mexican war in the 
operations against Vera Cruz; lieutenant-com- 
mander, July, 16, 1862; served on the blockading 
squadron, 1861-62 ; in the Burnside expedition to 
Roanoke Island, Elizabeth City and New Berne, 
N.C., and engaged the Confederate batteries and 
a regiment of flying infantry at Winton, N-C., 
destroying that town. He was engaged on the 
James river in the actions of Sewell’s Point land- 
ing, Wilcox landing, and Malvern Hill, where he 
commanded the Pequot and lost his right leg by 


[381] 


a cannon shot. 


QUARLES 


He covered the retreat of the 
army at Harrison’s landing, and in 1863, while in 
command of the Unadilla, captured the Princess 
Royal laden with materials for constructing a 


. 


new Confederate ironclad at Richmond. 


QUAY 
given command of the Patapsco, and while drag- 
was destroyed by a torpedo. 


He was 

ing for explosives in Charleston Harbor, his ship 

He was transferred 

to the steamer Mingo, stationed off Georgetown, 
fort at that place. 


Richmond. 
S.C., and prevented the erection of a Confederate 


New York city. He was made bishop of the new 

diocese of Chicago, estabished Nov. 28, 1843, and 
was consecrated, March 10, 

and Whelan of 


the 
in 1866, captain in 1871, commodore in 1880, and 


1844, by Bishop 
new 
diocese, May 5, 






Hughes, assisted by Bishops Fenwick of Boston, 
He 
assumed charge 
of 

He was promoted commander 

was retired with the rank of rear-admiral in 1885. 
He died in Washington, D.C., Feb. 4, 1890. 
QUARLES, Joseph Very, senator, was born in 


Kenosha, Wis., Dec. 16, 1843 ; son of Joseph Very 
and Caroline (Bullen) Quarles; and grandson of 






was & 
1846. 


> is | 


opened, July 4, 


\ 
| 
| 
1844, and dur- | 
ing his admin- ‘ i i 
istration the Nive , 
Cathedral of the ob “eh 
Holy Name was Hy 
completed, and CSS hes 
consecrated, 
Oct. 5, 1845, 
Samuel and Lydia (Very) Quarles and of John and a diocesan 
and Lucinda (Drake) Bullen. He attended the seminary 
University of Michigan, leaving in 1864 to enter 
the U.S. army as a private in the 39th Wisconsin 
volunteers. He was mustered out of service 
with the rank of Ist lieutenant ; was graduated 
from the University of Michigan in 1866 and was 
admitted to the bar in 1868. 
Sept. 25, 
Chicago, II. 


He es- 
tablished 
He was married, 














nu- 
merous schools 

1868, to Carrie A. Saunders, daughter 
of William 8S. and Sarah (Davis) Saunders of 
1876-79; a representative in the state assembly 
1879, and state senator, 1880-82 
and Quarles. 


Mercy. 
He was district attorney of Ke- 
nosha county, 1870-76; was mayor of Kenosha, 


He removed to 


EE 
CATHEDRAL OF THE HOLY NAME. 
we 
Racine in 1882 and in 1888 to Milwaukee, where 


he established the law firm of Quarles, Spence 


Ralph 


rd 
and built St. Francis Xavier’s Convent of Our 


Lady of Mercy and Academy for the Sisters of 
Quartley, a wood engraver. 
He was elected U.S. senator in 
1899, to succeed Senator John L. Mitchell, Demo- 
crat, for the term expiring March 8, 1905. 


He died at Chicago, Ill., April 10, 1848. 
QUARLES, Ralph Petty, jurist, was born in 


QUARTLEY, Arthur, artist, was born in Paris, 
France, May 24, 1839; son of Frederick William 
3enton, Ky., June 10, 1855; son of James M. and 


Naney Jane (Petty) Quarles, and grandson of 
and Lucy 


He removed to 
London with his parents in 1841 ; attended school 
at Westminster, and came to the United States 
in 1852 with his father, who engaged as wood 
engraver and landscape painter up to the time of 
city, 1852-62 ; 
(Embry) Petty. 


Samuel and Parthena (Hynds) Quarles and of 
tise law. 


graduated from the Paducah, Ky., high school 
in 1876; was admitted to the bar in 18 
practised in Kentucky, 1877-88. 


his death in New York city, April 5, 1874 


Arthur Quartley was a sign painter in New York 
removed to Baltimore in 1862, 
where he studied painting in his leisure hours, 
and in 1873 opened a studio in Baltimore. He 
returned to New York in 1875, and socn attracted 
notice as a marine painter. He was elected an 
He was associate of the National Academy of Design in 
1879, and an academician in 1886. His principal 
77, and ~~ paintings include: Morning Effect, North River 
7 He removed to (1877); From a North River Pier Head (1878); 
Blackfoot, Idaho, in 1888, and thence in 1889to Trinity from the River (1880): Queen's Birthday 
Salmon City, Idaho, where he continued to prac- (1883); Dignity and Impudence (1884). 
He was elected a justice of the state died in New York city, May 19, 1886. 
supreme court in 1896, and became chief justice, QUAY, Matthew Stanley, senator, was born 
Jatin (a L901. 
QUARTER, William, R. C. bishop, was born 
at Kellurine, Ireland, Jan. 24, 1806; son of 
Michael and Anne (Bennet) Quarter. He at: 
tended private academies at Tullamore, Ireland, 
and came to America, April10,1822. He entered 
the seminary of Mount St. Mary’s college, Em- 
mitsburg, Md., Sept. 8, 1822, 
of Latin, Greek and mathematics there, 1823-29. 
He was ordained priest, Sept. 19, 1829, and in 


in Dillsburg, Pa., Sept. 30, 1883; son of the Rev. 





and was professor 
1833 was appointed pastor of St. Mary’s church, 


He 
Anderson Beaton and Catherine (McCain) Quay ; 





grandson of Joseph, a soldier in the war of 1812, 


[382] 





and Asenath (Anderson) Quay; great-grandson 





of Capt. Patrick Anderson, a soldier in the 
French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, and 





great?-grandson of James Anderson, a native of 


the Isle of Skye, who lived in a village of the 
Delaware Indians in Chester county, Pa., in 1712. 





His first paternal ancestor in America emigrated 


from the Isle of Man to Canada about 1650, and 

















: QUAY 
> in 
from Canada to Pennsylvania about 1686. He 
‘attended Beaver and Indiana academies; was 
graduated from Jefferson college, Pa., in 1850 ; 
studied law with Judge James P. Sterrett in 
1850, but soon removed to Texas, where he taught 
school in Colorado county, 1850-53. He returned 
to his law studies at Pennsylvania under Col. 
R. P. Roberts in 1853. and was admitted to the 
bar in 1854. He established himself in practice 
in Beaver, Pa. ; was prothonotary of Beaver 
county, 1856-61; enlisted as a private in the 10th 
Pennsylvania reserves in 1861, and became 
lieutenant-colonel and assistant commissary-gen- 
eral of the state. He was private secretary to 
Gov. Andrew G. Curtin, and was commissioned 
colonel of the 134th Pennsylvania regiment in 
August, 1862, serving until Dec. 7, 1862, when he 
was mustered out on account of ill health. He 
took part in the assault on Marye’s Heights as a 
volunteer, Dec. 13, 1862, receiving the Congres- 
sional medal of honor for gallantry on the field ; 
was military state agent at Washington, D.C., 
1862-63, and was major and chief of transporta- 
tion and telegraphs, and military secretary to 
Governor Curtin, 1863-65. He was a Republican 
representative in the state legislature, 1865-68 ; 
secretary of the Republican state executive com- 
mittee in 1869; edited the Beaver Radical, 1869 ; 
» was recorder of Philadelphia, 1878; secretary 
of the commonwealth, 1872-78 and 1879-82 ; dele- 
gate-at-large to the Republican national conven- 
* tions, 1872, 1876, 1880, 1888, 1892, 1896 and 1900 ; 
chairman of the Republican national committee 
which conducted the campaign for the election of 
Harrison, 1888, of the state committee, 1878-79, 
1895 and 1902; state treasurer, 1885-87, and was 
elected to the U.S. senate as a Republican in 
1887 to succeed John I. Mitchell, and was re- 
elected in 1893. He was defeated for re-election 
to the U.S. senate in 1899, by a deadlock ex- 
isting throughout the session of the legislature, 
and after adjournment was appointed senator 
— ad interim by Governor Stone, but the appoint- 
ment was not recognized by the senate. Upon 
4 the next meeting of the state legislature in 
1900 he was elected U.S. senator for the term 
ending March 3, 1905. He was married, Oct. 10, 
1855, to Agnes, daughter of John Barclay of 
Beaver, Pa., and of his sons, Andrew Gregg 
- Curtin was a graduate of the U.S. Military 
academy and promoted a lieutenant in the 5th 
U.S. cavalry and major and quarter-master, 
U.S.A., and Richard Roberts engaged in busi- 
ness in Pittsburgh, Pa. He was indicted, Nov. 
21, 1898, for conspiring to misuse funds of the 
_ State and of the People’s Bank of Philadelphia, 
and oneach of the six indictments named he was 
— acquitted without offering any evidence for the 
_ defence, April 21, 1899. 


QUEEN 


QUAYLE, William Alfred, educator, was born 
in Parkville, Mo., June 25, 1860; son of Thomas 
and Elizabeth Quayle, natives of the Isleof Man. 
He received his early education in Kansas and 
was graduated from Baker university, A.B., 1885, 
A.M., 1888. He was married in 1886 to Allie, 
daughter of the Rev. Dr. Werter R. and Minerva 
(Russell) Davis. He was tutor at Baker uni- 
versity, 1883-85 ; adjunct professor of ancient lan- 
guages, 1886-88 ; professor of the Greek language, 
1888-91, and president of the institution, 1890- 
94. Heresigned in 1894 to become pastor of In- 
dependence Avenue Methodist Episcopal church, 
Kansas City, Mo.; became pastor of Merisidian 
Street church. Indianapolis, Ind., in 1897, and of 
Grand Avenue church, Kansas City, Mo., in 1900. 
He was a member of the general conference, 
delegate to the ecumenical conference in London, 
Eng., in 1901, and fraternal delegate to the 
Wesleyan Methodist church in England and 
Ireland in 1902. The degree of D.D. was con- 
ferred on him by DePauw university in 1891; 
that of Ph.D. by Allegheny college in 1892, and 
that of Litt.D. by Baker university in 1900. He 
is the author of: The Poet’s Poet, and Other 
Essays (1897); A Study in Current Social 
Theories (1898); A Hero and Some Other Folk 
(1900); The Blessed Life (1901); In God’s Out-of 
Doors (1902). 

QUEEN, Walter W., naval officer, was born 
in Washington, D.C., Oct. 6, 1824. He was war- 
ranted mipshipman, U.S. navy, Oct. 7, 1841, and 
was attached to the Macedonian and Marion of 
the West India squadron, 1842-43; the Perry of 
the East India squadron, 1848-45, and the 
Cumberland and Ohio during the Mexican war, 
1846-47, taking part in the battles of Palo Alto 
and Resaca de la Palma in May, 1846, and in the 
attacks on Alvarado, Tampico, Tuxpan and Vera 
Cruz. He was promoted past midshipman, Aug, 
10, 1847, and was dismissed from the service for 
engaging in a duel in 1848. He was reinstated 
in 18538: pro- 
moted master in 
1855, and lieu- 
tenant. Sept. 16, 
1855. He was 
detailed On SPe- merce, 
cial duty on”, 
the steam sloop » 
Powhatan at ~ 


the reinforce- _ a sae | 
ment of Fort ==-—2—= 
Pickens Fla U.S.S. POWHATAN. 


He commanded the second division of the mor- 
tar flotilla under Admiral Porter during the 
bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, 
and during the attack on Vicksburg he ac- 
companied Flag-officer Farragut on the pas- 







[383] 


QUIGLEY 


sage of the batteries. He was appointed lieu- 
tenant-commander in 1862; was on ordnance 
duty at Washington, 1862-63; was in charge of 
the double ender Wyalusing of the North Atlan- 
tic blockading squadron, 1863-64, and on May 5, 
1864, in company with the Sassacus, Mattabesitt 
and Miami, steamed up Albemarle Sound to 
give battle to the Confederate ram Albemarle 
and the transports Bombshell and Cotton Plant. 
After asevere engagement the Federal vessels 
were all badly crippled, but the Albemarle was 
obliged to steam into the Roanoke river, the 
engagement thus defeating her plans to aid the 
Confederate forces in an attack on New Berne. 
He was promoted commander, July 25, 1866; de- 
tailed on special duty at Hartford, Conn., and at 
Washington, D.C., 1866-67, asa member of the 
examining board. He commanded the Tuscarora 
of the South Pacific and North Atlantic squad- 
rons, 1867-70 ; commanded the receiving ship and 
rendezvous at Philadelphia, 1870-72, and was 
stationed at the navy yard, Washington, D.C., 
1873-74. He was commissioned captain, June 4, 
1874; commanded the Saranac in the North 
Pacific squadron, 1874-75, and the receiving ships 
Worcester and Franklin at Norfolk, Va., 1876-77. 
He was captain in the Brooklyn navy yard, 
1878-79 ; commanded the flag-ship Trenton of 
the European station in 1880, and was detailed 
on special duty in the bureau of yards and docks, 
Washington, D.C., 1882-83. He was commission- 
ed commodore, Feb. 9, 1884; was a member of 
the retiring board in 1885; was commandant at 
the Washington navy yard, 1885-86; was com- 
missioned rear-admiral, Aug. 27, 1886, and was 
retired, Oct. 6, 1886. He died at Washington, 
D.C., Oct. 24, 1898 

QUIGLEY, James Edward, R. C. bishop, was 
born in Oshawa, Canada, Oct. 15, 1854; son of 
James and Mary (Lacey) Quigley. He removed 
with his parents to Lima, N.Y., in 1856, and was 
graduated from St. Joseph’s college, Buffalo, N.Y., 
in 1872. He attended the Seminary of Our Lady 
of Angels, Niagara, N.Y. ; the University of Inns- 
bruck, Austrian Tyrol; was graduated from the 
College of the Propaganda, Rome, with the de- 
gree D.D., May 28, 1879, and ordained priest by 
Cardinal Monaco della Valleta, April 13, 1879. 
He was pastor of St. Vincent’s church, Attica, N. 
Y., 1879-84 ; of St. Joseph’s cathedral, 1884-96 ; of 
St. Bridget’s church, Buffalo, 1897, and was con- 
secrated bishop at Buffalo, N.Y., Feb. 24, 1897, by 
Archbishop Corrigan, assisted by Bishops McQuaid 
and McDonnell. In 1902 his diocese contained a 
Catholic population of 210,000 souls. He was ap- 
pointed archbishop of Chicago, Dec. 20, 1902, to 
succeed Archbishop P. A. Feehan, who died July 
12, 1902, and he immediately assumed jurisdiction 
over the archdiocese. 


QUIMBY 


QUIMBY, Isaac Ferdinand, soldier and edu- 
cator, was born in Morris county, near Morris- 
town, N.J., Jan. 29, 1821. He was graduated 
from the U.S. Military academy in 1843, and 
assigned to the 2d artillery. He was assistant 
professor of mathematics at the U.S. Military 
academy, 1845, and assistant professor of natural 
and experimental philosophy, 1845-47. He was 
promoted 2d lieutenant, Dec. 20, 1845 ; 1st lieu- 
tenant, March 3, 1847; served throughout the 
war with Mexico, 1847-48; was quartermaster, 
3d artillery, 1848-50 ; adjutant, 1850-51, and acting 
assistant adjutant-general, Ist military depart- 
ment, 1850-52. He resigned his commission, 
March 16, 1852, to accept the professorship of 
mathematics and natural and experimental phil- 
osophy at the University of Rochester, N.Y., 
which chair he held until 1861. He was colonel 
of the 13th regiment, New York state militia, 
and in 1861 enlisted for 30 days’ service, leading 
his regiment through Baltimore, Md., to Wash- 
ington, D.C., immediately after the attack on 
the 6th Massachusetts regiment in the streets of 
Baltimore. His regiment re-enlisted as the 13th 
New York volunteers, May 14, 1861; and he 
commanded it in the Manassas campaign, form- 
ing part of Sherman’s brigade, in the action of 
Blackburn Ford, July 18, 1861, and in the battle 
of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. He resigned, Aug. 4, 
1861, and returned to his professorship at the 
University of Rochester, but on March 17, 1862, 
was commissioned brigadier-general of U.S. vol- 
unteers, and was placed in command of the 
District of the Mississippi. He took part in the 
northern Mississippi campaign of 1862-63, where 
he was detailed to guard the western extremity 
of the Memphis and Charleston railroad. He 
commanded the seventh division, Army of the 
Tennessee, sent to turn the right flank of the 
Confederate army at Vicksburg by the Yazoo 
Pass. He arrived at Fort Pemberton, March 23, 
1863, and planned an attack, but orders from 
General Grant caused his abandonment of the 
attack and he returned to the Mississippi river, 
April 14, 1863. He was ordered home on sick 
leave, but hearing of Grant’s proposed attack on 
Vicksburg, he returned to the command of his 
division, and engaged in the battle of Champion’s 
Hill, May 16, 1863, and in the assaults upon 
Vicksburg, May 19-22, 1863. He was on sick 
leave of absence, June-August. 1863, and com- 
manded the draft rendezvous at Elmira, N.Y., 
August-December, 1863. Ill health caused his 
resignation, Dec. 31, 1863, but he continued to 
serve as provost marshal of the 28th congressional 
district, Jan. 21 to Oct. 15,1865. He resumed his 
chair at the University of Rochester, N.Y., in 
1863. He was city surveyor of Rochester, 1886- 
90 ;a trustee of the Soldiers’ Home at Bath, N.Y., 


[384] 























QUINB 


and vice-president of that institution, 1879-86. 
He was married to Elizabeth G., daughter of 
Gen. John L. Gardner, U.S.A. He revised the 
works of the Robinson course of mathematics, and 
wrote the treatise on the calculus. He died in 
Rochester, N.Y., Sept. 18, 1891. 

QUINBY, Watson Fell, author, was born in 
Brandywine Springs, Del., Dec. 15, 1825 ; son of 
Dr. John and Elizabeth Starr (Phillips) Quinby ; 
grandson of Moses and Jane (Fell) Quinby, and of 
William D. and Phebe (Starr) Phillips, anda de- 
scendant of John Quinby of Westchester county, 
N.Y., member of the first New York assembly. 
He matriculated at Haverford college for the 
junior class of 1842 and left in 1843 without 
_ graduating, to enter Jefferson Medical college, 
Philadelphia, where he was graduated in 1847. 
He crossed the plains in 1849 witha party of 
California pioneers and lived for some years in 
mining camps in the mountains. He was mar- 
ried, Feb. 22, 1855, to Annie, daughter of James 
and Mary (Foote) Giffen of New Castle Co., Del., 
and afterward practiced medicine in Wilming- 
ton, Del. Heis the author of : Mongrelism (1876): 
The Coming Kingdom (1878); Solomon’s Seal 
(1880): A Solution of the Circle (1885); Weights 
and Measures (1885); Silver (1885); Greek Names 
in America (1888); The Yard or the Metre, Which 
Will Ye Choose ? (1891). 

QUINBY, William Emory, diplomatist and 
journalist, was born at Brewer, Maine, Dec. 14, 
1835 ; son of Daniel Franklin andArazina (Reed) 
Quinby; grandson of Benjamin Franklin and 
Phoebe (Larrabee) Quinby, and of Samuel 
Webb and Sarah(Kidder) Reed, and a descend- 
ant of William Quinby, who settled in Connecti- 
eut in 1650. He removed with his father to 
Detroit, Mich., in 1850; attended the literary 
department of Gregory’s Commercial college, 
Detroit ; was graduated from the University of 
_ Michigan, A.B., 1858, A.M., 1861, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1859. He was married, 
in April, 1860, to Adeline Frazier. As a boy he 
assisted his father in publishing the Literary 
Miscellany, and in 1861 obtained employment 
with the Detroit Free Press, becoming manag- 
_ ing-editor in 1863, and general manager, editor- 
 in-chief, and principal owner in 1872. He was 
U.S. minister to The Netherlands, 1893-97. The 
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him 
by the University of Michigan in 1896. 

QUINCY, Josiah, patriot, was born in Boston, 
Mass., Feb. 23, 1744; son of Josiah and Hannah 
(Sturgis) Quincy; grandson of Edmund and 
- Dorothy (Flynt) Quincy ; great-grandson of Ed- 
mund and Elizabeth (Gookin) Eliot Quincy, and 
: great?-grandson of Edmund and Judith (Pares) 
Quincy, the immigrants. He was graduated from 
‘Harvard, A.B., 1763, A.M.,; 1766, when he de- 











QUINCY 


livered his master’s oration ‘ Patriotism,” his 
first oration in English, in which he demonstra- 
ted unusual power as an orator. He studied law 
under Oxenbridge Thacher in Boston, and prac- 
tised in Boston, 1766-73. His political views 
rendering him obnoxious to the supreme court 
of the province, his 
name was omitted in 


the distribution of 
the honors of the 
gown. He was mar- 


ried in October, 1779, 
to Abigail, daughter 
of William Phillips. 
On March 5, 1770, the 
difficulties between 
citizens of Boston and 
the British soldiers, 
known as the Boston 
massacre, occurred, 
and the citizens were 
clamorous for ven- 
geance against Cap- 
tain Preston and the accused soldiers.  Al- 
though sympathizing with the citizens, Mr. 
Quincy was selected by Captain Preston to de- 
fend his cause and that of the soldiers in the 
courts, against the earnest remonstrance of his 
father. This difficult task he shared with John 
Adams, who joined him as elder counsel. The 
trial began, Oct. 24, 1770, and concluded with the 
acquittal of Captain Preston, Oct. 380, 1770. 
Two of his men, however, were found guilty of 
manslaughter and branded in the hand. The 
popular resentment against Quincy and Adams 
was intense and publicly manifested whenever 
they appeared in the streets of Boston. In 1773 
illness necessitated a change of climate, and he 
took passage by sea to Charleston, 8.C., Feb. 8, 
1773. On his return he journeyed through North 
Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New 
Jersey and New York, being much benefited in 
health. In November, 1773, the British tea ships 
arrived in Boston Harbor, and the committee of 
correspondence held a meeting at the Old South 
Meeting house, Dec. 16, 1773, where Quincy and 
Samuel Adams spoke against the obnoxious 
measures of the British government. While the 
speaking proceeded, forty or fifty men, disguised 
as Indians, marched past the Meeting house to 
take possession of the tea ships and cast three 
hundred and forty chests of tea into the bay. As 
they were passing, Mr. Quincy paused a moment 
and then said: ‘‘ I see the clouds which now rise 
thick and fast upon our horizon, the thunders 
roll, the lightnings play, and to that God who 
rides on the whirlwind and directs the storm, I 
commit my country.” On Sept. 28, 1774, he em- 
barked on board the Boston Packet on a confi- 





[385] 


QUINCY 


dential mission to London in behalf of the patriot 
colonies. He arrived at London, Nov. 16, 1774, 
and had conferences with Dr. Franklin, Jonathan 
Williams, Jr., Lord North and Lord Dartmouth. 
In his appeal for justice he was sustained by 
Lords Chatham and Selden, and his influence in 
the British councils was apparent. His health 
again failed, and in obedience to the wishes of his 
political friends, but contrary to the advice of 
his physician, he set sail for America, March 16, 
1775. After being five weeks at sea, and when 
the ship was three days from land, he dictated a 
farewell letter to his family and nearest friends. 
Heis the author of the articles signed ‘* Hyperion” 
(1767), and ‘Tertius and Nubibus,” ‘* Edward 
Sexby,” and ‘‘ Marchmont Nedham” in Edes and 
Gill’s Gazette (1774-75); Draught of Instructions 
to the Boston Representatives in May, 1772, and 
Report of a Committee Chosen by the Inhabitants 
of Petersham, 4th January, 1773 (1778); Observa- 
tions on the Act of Parliament commonly called 
the Boston Port Bill, with Thoughts on Civil 
Society and Standing Armies (1774). He died on 
shipboard within sight of Boston, April 26, 1775. 

QUINCY, Josiah, statesman, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Feb. 4, 1772; son of Josiah and 
Abigail (Phillips) Quincy. He attended Phillips 
Andover academy, 1778-87, and was graduated 
from Harvard, A.B., 1790, A.M., 1798. Hestudied 
law under Col. Wil- 
liam Tudor of Boston ; 
was admitted to the 
bar in 1798, and prac- 
tised in Boston. He 
was married, June 6, 
1797, to Eliza Susan, 
daughter of John and 
Maria Sophia (Kem- 
per) Morton. In 
1798, when the mis- 
understanding be- 
tween France and 
the United States 
had reached a_ point 
where armed resist- 
ance, seemed the only 
alternative left to the American people, Quincy 
delivered the 4th of July oration in the Old 
South church, which gave him the Federalist 
nomination for representative in the 7th con- 
gress in 1800. He was defeated by Dr. Wil- 
liam Eustis, the anti-Federal candidate, after 
an exciting contest. He was a state senator, 
1804-05; a representative in the 9th-13th con- 
gresses, 1805-15, and while in congress spoke 
and voted against the embargo act, the war with 
Great Britain and the admission of Louisiana as 
astate. A committee of the house proposed a 
law prohibiting the slave trade after Dec. 31, 1807, 





QUINCY 


and providing, among other penalties, that al 
Negroes imported after that date, should be for- 
feited by traders violating this law. The anti- 
slavery members of congress saw the danger of 
committing the government to the policy of the 
slave holders who maintained their right to hold 
and sell men as property, and it was therefore 
moved that the words ‘entitled to his or her 
freedom” be substituted for ‘‘ forfeited.” Mr. 
Quincy at first opposed the changing of the bill, 
holding that only by forfeiture could the govern- 
ment get control of the Negroes and so dispose of 
them in a manner for their own interest, but 
when it came to the passage of the bill, he sup- 
ported the recommittal on the grounds that he 
could not consent to an action which should allow 
the sale of Negroes by the government. On Jan. 
14, 1811, ha delivered his famous speech on the 
admission of Louisiana, in which he stated that 
if the bill were passed, the bonds of the Union 
would be dissolved, and that the states that 
originally composed it would be free from their 
moral obligation and would not be bound to 
maintain a Union with the proposed new states. 
He held that this new territory could be absorbed 
by a vote of the people, but not by that of a pass- 
ing congress. He believed that the purchase of 
Louisiana—in view of the designs of Napoleon 
and the advantage of a free opening of the Missis- 
sippi—would be accepted by the United States as 
an addition to its possessions. But he clearly 
foresaw the disasters that threatened the nation 
by the precedent established by this unconstitu- 
tional act, which gave congress the authority to 
multiply slave states without the consent of the 
people, and made slavery national and freedom 
sectional ; prophesying that it would finally 
deluge the country with fratricidal blood. He 
opposed the declaration of war with England in 
1812, but upon the issuing of the proclamation 
he supported the government. During his last 
session in congress he delivered speeches against 
the enlistment of minors and against the pro- 
posed invasion of Canada. He declined re-elec- 
tion in 1814,; was a member of the state house of 
representatives, 1815-23; a member of the state 
constitutional convention of 1820, and speaker of 
the house in 1821. In Décember, 1822, he was 
elected mayor of the city of Boston to succeed 
John Phillips, May 1, 1823; and in this office, 
1823-28, introduced reforms that completely re- 
constructed the city department. He established 
the first house of correction in Boston; a house 
of reformation for juvenile offenders, and re- 


organized the police force and the fire depart-' 


ment. During his administration the Faneuil 
Hall Market was erected and the corner-stone of 
Bunker Hill monument was laid by General 
Lafayette, with Daniel Webster as orator, June 


[886] 


ail 




















































QUINCY 


17, , 1825. In 1828 he was defeated for re-election 
b ; Harrison Grey Otis. On Jan. 29, 1829, he was 
ected president of Harvard college to succeed 
ohn Thornton Kirkland (q.v.), and at once ap- 
plied himself with his accustomed industry to 

: ‘ administering the affairs of 
the college, in which he 
introduced several improved 
methods, advancing the dis- 
cipline of the college by re- 
fusing to protect the students 
from the authority of the 
courts of the commonwealth. 
He delivered the address at the second centennial 
celebration, Sept. 17,1830. During his presidency 
the Dane professorship of law was founded in 1829, 
G ore Hall was built, and the astronomical observa- 
torywas founded and equipped. He resigned the 
presidency, Aug. 27, 1845, and on retiring to pri- 
vate life in 1845, devoted himself to his farm and 
to literary pursuits. He took no active part in 
polities in 1860, but favored the election of Mr. 
Lincoln, of whom he was a great admirer. In 
December, 1861, he sustained a severe injury to 
his hip from which he never fully recovered. He 
was a member and vice-president of the Ameri- 
can Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Massa- 
chusetts Historical society, and the American 
Philosophical society. The honorary degree of 
\.B. was conferred on him by Yale in 1792; that 
& A.M. by the College of New Jersey in 1796, 
and that of LL.D. by Harvard in 1824, of which 
he was an overseer, 1810-29. He is the author of: 
History of Harvard University (2 vols., 1840); 
History of the Boston Athencewm (1851); Muni- 
ei ipal History of the Town and City of Boston 
from Sept. 17, 1630, to Sept. 17, 1830 (1852); Me- 
ir of J. Q. Adams (1858); and Speeches Deliv- 
ered in Congress, edited by his son, Edmund 
(1874), who also wrote his biography (1867). 
His death called forth tributes from the press 
and the two boards of the city government, the 
¢ verseers and faculty of Harvard, and the various 
ied societies of which he was a member. His 
tue, modeled by Thomas Ball, was erected in 
front of the City Hall, Boston, and another, by 
am Story, was placed in Saunders theatre, 
Cambridge. He died in Quincy, Mass., July 1, 1864. 
UINCY, Josiah, politician, was born in 
Juincy, Mass., Oct. 15, 1859; son of Josiah 
illips and Helen Fanny (Huntington) Quincy ; 
grandson of Josiah and Mary Jane (Miller) 
iney and of Charles Phelps and Helen (Mills) 
tington. He prepared for college at the 
a ms academy, and was graduated from Har- 
vard, A.B., in 1880. He taught at the Adams 
academy ; studied at the Harvard Law school; 
was admitted to the bar in 1883, but never en- 
din the active practice of the law. He 


QUINN 


became connected with the Independent move- 
ment against Mr. Blaine’s candidacy for the 
presidency in 1884, and soon after became an 
active member of the Democratic party. He 
was a representative in the state legislature, 
1887-88 and 1890-91, and was the Democratic 
candidate for the 51st congress in 1888, but was 
defeated. He was secretary of the Democratic 
state committee in 1890, chairman of its executive 
committee in 1891, and chairman of the full com- 
mittee in 1892. He was elected the Massachusetts 
member of the national Democratic committee 
in 1892. He was appointed first assistant 
secretary of state by President Cleveland in 1893, 
but resigned the office after serving for six 
months and returned to Boston. He was elected 
mayor of Boston in 1895, and was re-elected in 
1897, serving four years. While mayor he was 
especially identified with the extension of public 
baths and play-grounds, and with the specializ- 
ing of the administration of the city charities 
under unpaid boards. He was married, Feb. 17, 
1900, to Mrs. Ellen Tyler, widow of William R. 
Tyler, and daughter of Dr, Franz Hugo Krebs of 
Boston, Mass. J 

QUINLAN, John, R. C. bishop, was born in 
Cloyne, county Cork, Ireland, Oct. 19, 1826. He 
came to the United States in 1844, and entered 
the theological department of Mount St. Mary’s 
seminary, Emmitsburg, Md. He was ordained 
priest, Aug. 30, 1852, and was placed in charge of 
St. Mary’s parish, Piqua, Ohio, In 1855 he was 
appointed assistant pastor of St. Patrick's church, 
Cincinnati, Ohio, also serving as president and 
professor of philosophy and theology at Mount 
St. Mary’s college. In 1859 he was elected bishop 
of the diocese of Mobile, and was consecrated at 
New Orleans, La., Dec. 4, 1859, by Archbishop 
Blanc, assisted by ee Elder of Natchez and 
Bishop Coadjutor Wood of Philadelphia. In 
1860 he went to Europe for the purpose of obtain- 
ing aid from the clergy, and of paying a visit to 
the pope. He built St. Patrick’s and St. Mary’s 
churches in Mobile, and many churches, schools, 
convents and mission stations in different places. 
He was present at the Vatican council in 1869, 
and while visiting Rome in 1882, contracted the 
fever of which he died at New Orleans, La., 
March 9, 1883. 

QUINN, William, clergyman, was born in 
Ballybofey, county Donegal, Ireland, May 21, 
1820. He came to the United States in 1841: was 
graduated from St. John’s college, Fordham, 
N.Y., in 1845, and was ordained priest, Dec. 17, 
1845. He served as assistant to the Rev. Michael 
McCarron, 1845-49, and as pastor of St. Peter’s 
church, Barclay street, New York city, 1849-73, 
where he succeeded in paying off a debt of 
$100,000, which was due to the poor of the parish 


[387] 


QUINT 


who had entrusted their savings to the church, 
and in reducing the mortgage debt to $7000. He 
was a member of the first provincial council held 
by Archbishop Hughes in 1854; was delegate 
apostolic to the second plenary council of Bal- 
timore, held by Archbishop 
Spalding in 1866, and was one 
of the pro-curators of the clergy 
in the third New York synod, 
September, 1868. On May 1; 
1878, he succeeded the Very 
Rev. William Storrs, deceased, 
as pastor of St. Patrick’s cathe- 
dral, New York city, and as 
vicar-general of the diocese. 
During the ab- 
sence of Cardinal 
McCloskey in 
ve 1875 and 1878, he 
" er administered the 

‘mints jaffairs of the 
ee A ay archdiocese. He 
4 JY & retained his office 

: fit “under Arch- 
== “bishop Corrigan, 
and was in ‘hare of the financial matters con- 
nected with the completion of the new St. Pat- 
rick’s cathedral. In May, 1881, he was made 
private chamberlain to the pope, and in December, 
1881, domestic prelate. His name was proposed 
as a successor to Archbishop Purcell of Cincin- 
nati. His health failed in 1886, and he died at 
Paris, France, April 15, 1887. 

QUINT, Alonzo Hall, clergyman, was born in 
Barnstead, N.H., March 22, 1828; son of George 
and Sally W. (Hall) Quint. He was graduated 
from Dartmouth, A.B., 1846, A.M., 1849, and from 
Andover Theological seminary in 1852. He was 
licensed to preach in 1852; was ordained to the 
ministry, Dec. 1853 ; was married, Jan. 30, 
1854. to Rebecca P. Putnam of Salem, Mass.,and 
was pastor of the Mather church, Roxbury, Mass., 
1853-63 ; chaplain of the 2nd Massachusetts volun- 
teers, 1861-64; pastor of the North church, New 
Bedford, Mass., 1864-75; a representative in the 
New Hampshire state legislature, 1881-83 ; pastor 
of the Allston Congregational church, Boston, 
1886-90; instructor in homiletics at Auburn 
Theological seminary, N.Y., 1890-91, and at 
Andover Theological seminary, 1892-94. He was 
secretary of the National Council of Congrega- 
tional Churches, from Dover, 1871-83 ; moderator 
of the National Council, 1892-95 ; secretary of the 
Massachusetts General Association of Congrega- 
tional Churches, 1856-81: was elected general 
director of the American Congregational associa- 
tion in 1859, and was a member of the Massa- 
chusetts Historical society, 1859-80. He wasa 
trustee of Dartmouth college, 1870-96, and a 

























Qi, 


QUINTARD 


visitor of Andover Theological seminary, 1892-96, 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by Dartmouth in 1866. He was editor and 
proprietor of the Congregational Quarterly, 1859- 
76, and editor of the Congregational Yearbook 
for many years. He contributed articles to the 
Dover Inquirer, and is the author of : The Poto- 
macand the Rapidan, or Army Notes from the 
Failure at Winchester to the Re-enforcement of 
Rosecrans (1864); Records of the Second Massa- 
chusetts Infantry 1861-65 (1867), and First Parish 
in Dover, N.H. (1883). He died in Boston, Mass., 
Nov. 4, 1896. 

QUINTARD, Charles Todd, second bishop of 


Tennessee and 75th in succession in the American’ 


episcopate, was born in Stamford, Conn., Dee, 
22, 1824; son of Isaac Quintard. He attended 
Trinity parish school, New York city; studied 
medicine under James R. Wood and Valentine 
Mott, and was graduated from the medical depart- 
ment of the University of the City of New York, 
M.D., in 1847. He established himself in practice 
at Athens, Ga., and in 1851 was elected professor 
of physiology and pathological anatomy in the 
medical college, Memphis, Tenn., and with Dr. 
Ayres P. Merrill edited the Memphis Medical 
Recorder. Determining to enter the church, he 
prepared under Bishop James Hervey Otey, and 
was admitted to the diaconate in 1855, and ad- 
vanced to the priesthood in 1856. He was assist- 
ant at Calvary, Memphis, 1857-58 ; rector of the 
Church of the Advent, Nashville, 1858-61, and in 
1861 was chosen chaplain of the ist Tennessee 
regiment, serving both as chaplain and surgeon. 
Upon the death of Bishop Otey, April 23, 1863, 
he returned to his duties as rector of the Church 
of the Advent. He was elected bishop of the 
diocese of Tennessee, and was consecrated at St. 
Luke’s church, Philadelphia, Oct. 11, 1865, by 
Bishops Hopkins, Burgess,, and Atkinson, as- 
sisted by Bishops Odenheimer, Bedell, Stevens, 
Coxe, and Fulford of Montreal, Canada. It was 
through his untiring efforts, especially in Eng- 
land at the time of the Lambeth conference of 
1867, that funds were secured to re-establish the 
University of the South Sewanee, Tenn. He was 
first president (vice-chancellor) of the University, 


1867-72, and chairman of the board of trustees. 


and of the executive committees, 1867-98. He 
re-organized the institution for girls founded by 
Bishop Otey at Columbia, Tenn. 
esting himself in general educational advance- 
ment throughout the state. The Rev. Thomas 
Frank Gailor (q.v.) was elected his coadjutor, 
April 20, 1893. He received the degree of D.D. 
from Columbia in 1866 and from the University 
of the South in 1878 and that of LL.D. from Cam- 
bridge, England, in 1867. He died in Meridian- 
ville, Ala., Feb. 15, 1898. 


[388] 


, besides inter- — 


any | 

















QUINTON 














































QUINTON, Amelia Stone, president of the 
National Indian association, was born near Syra- 
suse, N.Y., daughter of Jacob Thompson and 
Mary (Bennett) Stone ; grand-daughter of Thomas 
1 Mary (Webb) Stone and of Asa and Chloe 
vw) Bennett ; great granddaughter of Thomas 
’ Rachel (Marsh) Stone and of Darius and 
Deborah (Palmer) Webb. She was educated at 
Cortland academy, taught for a year in a semi- 
nary in Madison, Ga., where she became the wife 
of the Rev. James Peinitin Swanson, upon whose 
Jeath she removed to Philadelphia where she 
cht for Mary L. Bonney (afterward Mrs. Ram- 
ut, q.v.). She was prominent in the evangelis- 
department of the new temperance movement; 
addressed drawing-room and other meetings in 
London and other English cities in 1877, and in 
February, 1877, was married to Richard L. 
Quinton, A.M., a lecturer in London colleges, 
returning with him in the fall of 1878 to Phila- 
delphia. In March, 1879, she joined Miss Bonney 

work for the Indians in the United States, 
ich eventuated in the Women’s National In- 
dian association. She was its general secretary 
ind organizer, 1879-87, its president, 1887-1903, 
editor of The Indian’s Friend till 1902. Its 
two petitions to congress asked for the 
hful keeping of compacts with them ; its 
‘d annual petition, circulated in 1881, asking 
nds in severalty, citizenship, and common 
ool education for them, led the popular move- 
nt which resulted in the passage of the Dawes 
veralty bill in 1887. She was a member of the 
Ai nerican Academy of Political and Social Sci- 
en e, the New Century club, and the Mayflower 
socie iy 
QUITMAN, Frederick Henry, clergyman, was 
orn on the island of Westphalia, on the Rhine 
Germany, Aug. 7, 1760. He graduated 
ilosophy and theology at the University of 
Halle, 1779, and was a private tutor of the chil- 
en of the Prince of Waldeck, 1779-80. He was 
onda ned to the Lutheran ministry, Amsterdam, 
folland, 1781, and sent as a missionary to the 
h colony, Curagoa Islands, W.I. The insur- 
mof 1795 caused him to remove to New 
ork , in order to return to Holland to enjoy a 
fe | pension awaiting him. The needs of the 
sutheran church in the new republic determined 
to remain, and he was pastor of congrega- 
in Schoharie and Cobleskill, N.Y., where 
nies of German Palatinates had settled, and 
fter two years’ service he became pastor of four 
egations at and near Rhinebeck, N.Y., serv- 
798-1815. When his co-worker, the Rev. J.C. 
wiek (q.v.) died, July 17, 1796, leaving a 
tract of land for the purposes of a Lutheran 
ninary, Quitman favored its location at Rhine- 
ck, but other influences carried it to the present 





QUITMAN 


town of Hartwick. He was an original trustee 
of Hartwick seminary, 1816-28, and fora time a 
member of its faculty. In 1815 he resigned the 
charge of two of the congregations, and in 1825 
relinquished charge of all except St. Peter's, 
Rhinebeck, retiring from ministerial duties in 
1828. His wife, Elizabeth Hueck, born in 1768, 
accompanied him to the West Indies and to the 
United States, and died, Feb. 24, 1805, at Rhine- 
beck. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred 
on him by Harvard in 1814. He edited a hymn 
book (1817), and is the author of: A Treatise on 
Magic (1810); Evangelical Catechism (1814), and 
Sermons on the Reformation (1817). He died at 
Rhinebeck, N.Y., June 26, 1832. 

QUITMAN, John Anthony, soldier, was born 
in Rhinebeck, N.Y., Sept. 1, 1799; son of the 
Rev, Frederick Henry (q.v.)and Elizabeth (Hueck) 
Quitman. He was graduated from Hartwick 
seminary in 1816, and served as assistant to 
Dr. E. L. Hazelius, in the literary department 
of the seminary, 1816-18. He was a professor at 
Mount Airy college, Germantown, Pa., 1818-19 ; 
studied law with Platt Brush of Chillicothe, 
Ohio, and in 1821 engaged in practice at’ Natchez, 
Miss. He was a representative in the Mississippi 
legislature, 1825-28; chancellor of the state, 
1828-34; state senator, 1834-36, and served as 
president of the senate and acting governor of 
the state, 1835-36. He raised a body of men to 
assist the Texans in defeating the attacks of the 
Mexicans in 1836, and upon the capture of Santa 
Anna, returned to Natchez. He was appointed 
major-general of state militia, and in 1846 was 
commissioned brigadier-general in the U.S. army, 
and joined General Taylor at Camargo. He led 
the assault on Fort Tenerice, and into the heart 
of the city ; led the assault at the seige of Vera 
Cruz, March 9-29, 1847, andanexpedition against 
Alvarado, when he co-operated with a naval 
force under Com. Matthew C. Perry ; stormed 
the works of Chapultepec and carried Belen 
gate by assault, Sept. 13, 1847, and was brevetted 
major-general and presented with a sword by 
congress for gallantry at the capture of Puebla, 
Oct. 12, 1847. He served as military gover- 
nor of the city of Mexico 1847-48, and on his 
return home in 1850, was elected governor of 
Mississippi. While serving as governor he was 
prosecuted for complicity with the Lopez filibus- 
tering expedition. He resigned his office, and 
upon his acquittal was re-nominated, but with- 
drew his name. At the Democratic national con- 
ventions of 1848 and 1856, he was prominently 
named as a candidate for the vice-presidency. 
He was a Democratic representative in the 34th 
and 35th congresses, 1855-58. J. F. H. Claiborne 
prepared his Life and Correspondence (1860). He 
died in Natchez, Miss., July 17, 1858. 


' [889] 


RAAB 


RAAB, Henry, educationist, was born in Wetz- 
lar, Rhenish Prussia, June 20, 1837 ; son of Philip 
and Justine (Kaiser) Raab. He was educated in 
the public school and Royal gymnasium of his 
native city, and for a time worked in the shops 
of his father, who was a currier. He came to the 
United States in 1853, and worked as a currier in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1858-54; in St. Louis, Mo., 1854- 
56, and in Belleville, Ill., 1856, meanwhile giving 
his leisure to a thorough mastery of the English 


language. He taught in the Belleville public 
schools, 1857-73; was superintendent of city 


schools, 1873-82 and 1887-90, and state superin- 
tendent of public instruction, 1882-86 and 1890-- 
94. His life was devoted to the betterment of 
the elementary schools and the advancement of 
education both for teacher and pupil. He was 
married, Jan. 14, 1859, to Mathilde. daughter of 
Franz Wilhelm and Charlotte (von Pott) von 
Lengerke of Ankum, Germany. The degree of 
LL.D. was conferred upon him by the University 
of Wisconsin in 1892. He is the author of con- 
tributions to school journals and of annual re- 
ports of the Belleville schools, and of the depart- 
ment of publicinstruction. He died in Belleville, 
Ill., March 18, 1901. 

RABUN, William, governor of Georgia, was 
born in Halifax county, N.C., April 8, 1771; son 
of Matthew Rabun, with whom he removed to 
Wilkes county, Ga., in 1785, and settled in Han- 
cock county, Ga.. in 1786. He received a limited 
education ; was a representa- 
tive and senator in the Geor- 
gia legislature, and was pres- 
ident of the senate in 1817, 
when Gov. David B. Mitchell 
resigned, being ex officio gov- 
ernor of the state until the ap- 
pointment of Peter Early as 
governor. Governor Early died in office in August, 
1817, and Senator Rabun was elected governor in 
November, 1817, filling the office until his death. 
During the Seminole war in 1818 Governor Rabun 
called out the militia, placing the state troops 
under the command of General Gaines. Capt. 
Obed Wright of the Chatham militia was ordered 
to destroy the Indian villages of Hoponee and 
Philemi in retaliation for outrages committed on 
the whites of this neighborhood, and by mistake 
he burned the Indian village of Chehaw and 
killed some of the inhabitants. General Jackson 
demanded that Captain Wright be prosecuted 
for murder and imprisoned and kept in irons 
awaiting the pleasure of the President. In reply 
Governor Rabun refused to acknowledge the 
authority of the United States over the state 
troops and added, ‘*‘ When the liberties of the 





RADEMACHER 


R. 


people of Georgia shall have been prostrated at 
the feet of a military despotism, then, and not 


till then, will your imperious doctrine be tamely 


submitted to. You may rest assured that if the 
savages continue their depredations on our un- 
protected frontier I shall think and act for myself 
in that respect.” 
Baptist and the Rev. Jesse Mercer by request of 
the legislature, preached before that body a ser- 
mon onthe occasion of his death. Rabun county, 
Ga., was named in his honor. He died in Powel- 
ton, Ga-, Oct. 24, 1819: 

RACE, John H., educator, was born in Pau- 
pack, Pa., March 10, 1862 ; son of the Rev. James 
Lee and Jane (Humble) Race; grandson of the 
Rev. Daniel and Eliza (Lee) Race. His father 
came to America from Richmond, Yorkshire, 
England, in 1858 and settled in Paupack, Pa. 
John H. Race was a student at Wyoming semi- 
nary, Kingston, Pa., class of 1886, and was grad- 
uated from Princeton university, A.B., 1890, 
A.M., 18983. He was married, June 25, 1890. to 
Alice, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Edward and Eliz- 
abeth (Mannering) Bannister of Petaluma, Cal., 
a graduate of Syracuse university, 1881, and a 
teacher of art in Wyoming seminary, 1881-93. 
He was ordained to the Methodist Episcopal min- 
istry in 1890, and was professor of Greek and 
rhetoric at Wyoming seminary, 1890-94; pastor 
of the Centenary M.E. church, Binghamton, N.Y., 
1894-98, and became president of Grant uni- 
versity, Chattanooga, Tenn., 1898. He received 
the honorary degree of D.D. from Syracuse uni- 
versity in 1899, and is the author of several con- 
tributions to religious periodicals. 

RADEMACHER, Joseph, R. C. bishop, was 
born in Westphalia, Mich., Dec. 3, 1840. He 
studied for the priesthood in St. Michael's semi- 
nary, Pittsburg, Pa., and was ordained, Aug, 2, 
1863, by Bishop Luers of Fort Wayne, Ind. He 
was pastor of St. Francis’s, Attica, Ind., 1863-69, 
where he also attended St. Joseph’s mission at 
Marshfield ; was pastor of St. Paul of the Cross, 
Columbia city, 1869-76 ; of St. Mary’s, Fort Wayne, 


Ind., and chancellor of the diocese, 1877-80, He 


was rector of St. Mary’s, Lafayette, Ind., 1880-83 ay 
was nominated to the see of Nashville, Tenn., 
April 21, 1883, and was consecrated in St. Mary’s” 
cathedral, Nashville, Tenn., June. 24, 1883, by 
Archbishop Feehan of Chicago, Ill, assisted by 
Bishop Chatard and Bishop Borgess. He labored 
successfully in that diocese until transferred to” 
the diocese of Fort Wayne, by pontifical letter 
dated, July 14, 1893, to fill the vacancy caused by. 
the death of Bishop Joseph Dwenger (q.v.), Jan. 
29, 1893. He resigned November, 1899, and died 
at Fort Wayne, Ind., Jan. 12, 1900. 


[390] 4 


Governor Rabun was a devout | 











RADFORD 







































q 

; .DFOR D, William, naval officer, was born 
castle, Va., March 1, 1808; son of Harriet 
ly Radford and stepson of Gen. William 
k (q.v.). He was warranted midshipman in 
U.S. navy, March 1, 1825; served on the 
wine, when that frigate carried the Mar- 
_ Lafayette to France; was attached to 
[editerranean squadron, 1827-28, and to the 
eof the West India squadron, 1830-31. 
promoted passed midshipman, June 4, 
erved on the John Adams of the Mediter- 
squadron in 1835; was promoted lieuten- 
b. 9, 1837, and served on the Warren of 
cific squadron, 1845 47. He was stationed 
western coast of Mexico, 1847-48 ; com- 
the party that cut out a Mexican war 
at Mazatlan in 1847, and was attached to 
ore ship Lexington, 1852-53. He was pro- 
ed commander, Sept. 14, 1855 ; commanded 
Dacotah of the East India squadron, 1860-61 ; 
4s promoted captain, July 16, 1862, and com- 
) ore, eo pril 24, 1863. He commanded the 
Cumberland in 


1861, and was 

on court-martial 

ta . duty at Old 
\ Point Comfort, 
yo when that ship 


was attacked by 
the ram Merri- 
3 i mac. He made 
= = every effort to 
reach his ship 
before the fight- 
was over, but did not arrive at Newport News 
he Cumberland was sinking. He was exe- 
officer at the Brooklyn navy yard, 1862-64 ; 
ded the New Jronsides, and the iron-clad 
of Admiral Porter’s squadron at Fort 
a, 1864, and January 1865. 





z 
_U-S. SLOOP CUMBERLAND. 


was Pe coted Bee aetieal) July ‘25, 
manded the Mediterranean squadron, 
1d was retired, March 1, 1870. He was 
ial duty in Washington, D.C., 1871-72, 
in that city, Jan. 8, 1890. 
ESQUE, Constantine Samuel, botanist, 
in Galatz, a suburb of Constantinople, 
. 22, 1783; son of a French merchant 
la lles. His mother was born in Greece, 
: of German parentage, her family name 
hmaltz. In 1784 his parents visited the 
and Africa, en route to Marseilles, 
fantine spent his boyhood, becoming 


1 > travel. He began an herbarium at 


RAFINESQUE 


the age of eleven ; the following year published 
‘** Notes on the Apennines,” as seen from the back 
of a mule on a journey from Leghorn to Genoa, 
and through his own efforts acquired an exten- 
sive knowledge of classical and modern languages. 
Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution, 
with his brother Anthony, he came to Philadel- 
phia, Pa., 1802, where he first served as a 
merchant’s clerk, devoting his leisure to botany, 
and subsequently traveled on foot through Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia, making a_ collection 
of botanical specimens. In 1805 he set sail 
for Sicily, where he established himself as a 
merchant, and where he discovered the medicinal 
squill, shipping 200 pounds before the Sicilians 
discovered that he was not using it for dye. In 
1815 his son, Charles Linnwus, died and in the 
same year his wife, Josephine Vaccaro, left 
him, taking with her their only daughter, 
Emily, who became a singer in Sicilian opera at 
the theatre in Palermo. He then returned to the 
United States, and on the voyage lost his entire 
collection of valuable specimens, and 
manuscripts in the shipwreck on the coast of 
Long Island. He traveled throughout the west- 
ern part of the country, and in 1818 became 
professor of natural history and modern lan- 
guages in Transylvania university, Lexington, 


books 


Ky., receiving from there the honorary degree of 
A.M. After an extensive lecture tour he 


eventually settled in Philadelphia again, and 
there became so absorbed in the discovery of new 
genera and species, that the scientific value of 
his work suffered from an undue proportion of 
their description. He also devised the present 
arrangement of coupon-bonds, which he called 
the ‘‘ divitial invention ;” projected many other 
varied schemes which never materialized, such 
as steam-ploughs, aquatic railroads, artificial 
leather; and founded and edited: The Atlantic 
Journal and Friend of Knowledge, 1832-33 ; **An- 
nals,” and other serials. He was awarded a gold 
medal by the French Geological society, on which 
was imprinted his only known portrait. His 
writings include: Précis de découvertes et tra- 
vaux somiologigues entre 1800 et 1814 (1814); 
Analyse de la nature (1815); Antikon Botanikon 
(1815-40); Ancient History, or Annals of Ken- 
tucky (1824); Medical Flora, ete., of the United 
States (1828-80); Alsographia Americana (1838); 
Genius and Spirit of the Hebrew Bible (1838), ete. 
‘‘The Complete Writings of C. 8. Rafinesque on 
Recent and Fossil Conchology ” were edited by 
William G. Binney and George W. Tryon, Jr., 

in 1864, and a review of his botanical w ritings by 
Asa Gray, was published in Silliman’s Journal 
in 1841. He left.an autobiography. His will, 

discovered more than half a century after his 
death, left his property, which consisted of in- 


[391] 


RAINES 


ventions and specimens, equally to his sister, his 
daughter and the establishment of an orphan 
school for girls, but the terms were never carried 
out, as he died in absolute poverty, and his pos- 
sessions were sold to cancel debts. His body 
was buried stealthily by a few of his friends 
in Ronaldson’s cemetery, Philadelphia, but his 
grave was not marked. The date of his death is 
Sept. 18, 1842. 

RAINES, John, representative, was born in 
Canandaigua, N.Y., May 6, 1840; son of John 
and Mary (Remington) Raines; grandson of John 
and Mary (Sadler) Raines, and of Thaddeus and 
Betsy (Root) Remington, and a descendant of 
William Raines of Ryton, Yorkshire, England. 
He attended the public schools and taught for 
three years, and was graduated from the Albany 
Law school in 1861. He established himself in 
practice in Geneva, N.Y., and in 1861 raised a 
company for the 85th New York volunteers ; was 
made captain of the company, and served until 
July, 1863. He was married, Sept. 18, 1862, to 
Catherine A., daughter of Anson and Fanny 
(Havens) Wheeler of Geneva, N.Y. He was a 
Republican member of the state assembly, 1881- 
82 and 1885; state senator, 1886-89; representa- 
tive from the twenty-ninth district of New York 
in the 5ist and 52d congresses, 1889-93, and a 
state senator, 1894-1903. He was largely instru- 
mental in securing the passage by the New York 
legislature of a law which he drew regulating 
the sale of liquors, and imposing a high license, 
which during its operation paid into the state 
treasury nearly $4,000,000 annually and to locali- 
ties about $8,000,000 annually ; the law becom- 
_ing known by his name. 

RAINEY, Joseph H., representative, was born 
in Georgetown, 8.C., June 21, 1832; son of slave 
parents, who subsequently obtained freedom by 
their industry. Although legally debarred from 
attending school, he was well educated, and re- 
moved to Charleston, S.C., where he followed 
the occupation of a barber until 1862, when, 
forced to work on the Confederate fortifications, 
he escaped to the West Indies, and remained 
there until the close of the war. He returned to 
Georgetown ; was elected a delegate to the state 
constitutional convention, 1868, and was a state 
senator in 1870, resigning to take his seat in the 
41st congress, June 21, having been elected a 
Republican representative in place of Benjamin 
T. Whittemore, who was elected but not allowed 
to take his seat. Mr. Rainey was re-elected to 
the 42d—45th congresses, serving, 1870-79, his seat 
in the 44th congress being contested by Samuel 
Lee. Hedied in Georgetown, D.C., Aug. 1, 1887. 

RAINS, Gabriel James, soldier, was born in 
Craven county, N.C., in June; 1803; son of 
Gabriel M. and Hester (Ambrose) Rains. He 


RAINS 


was a brother of George Washington Rains 
(q.v.) and of John Rains (1804-1854), 
graduated from University of North Carolina, 
A.B., 1823, A.M., 1826; was a member of the 
general assembly, and a lawyer in Alabama. 
Gabriel was graduated at the U.S. military 
academy, West Point, in 1827; was promoted 
2d lieutenant, 7th infantry ; served in the West 
on garrison, commissary, frontier, and recruiting 
duty, 1827-39 ; was promoted 1st lieutenant, Jan, 
28, 1834, and captain, Dec. 25, 1887, and engaged 
in the Seminole war, 1889-42, bemg severely 


wounded in the skirmish near Fort King, April | 


28, 1840, and brevetted major for gallantry in 
that action, 
and Florida, 1842-45; in the military occupation 
of Texas, 1845-46, and was engaged in the defense 
of Fort Brown, May 3-9, 1846, and in the hattle 
of Resaca de la Palma, May 9, 1846. He was 
engaged in recruiting for General Scott’s cam- 
paign, 1846-48; served in garrison at Jefferson 
Barracks, Mo., 1848 and 1851 ; in the Seminole war, 
1849-50, and in garrison duty, 1850-52. He was 
promoted major and transferred to the 4th infan- 
try, March 9, 1851; served on frontier duty on 
the Pacific coast, 1853-60, and took part in the 
expedition against the Yakama Indians in 1855, 
He was promoted lieutenant-colonel and trans- 
ferred tothe 5th infantry, June 5, 1860; was ona 
leave of absence, 1860-61, and resigned from the 
U.S. army, July 31, 1861, and joined the Confed- 
erate States army, receiving the commission of 
brigadier-general, Sept. 23, 1861. He commanded 
a brigade in D. H. Hill’s division at Williams- 
burg, May 5, 1862, and was severely wounded at 
the battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862, 
where he received special commendation from 
his division commander for his rapid and suc- 
cessful flank movement that turned the tide of 
the battle in favor of the Confederates. He was 
placed in charge of the bureau of conscription 
of Richmond, Va., in December, 1862. He in- 
vented a peculiar friction primer to explode sub- 
terranean shells, which was used effectively in 
the retreat from Williamsburg; also organized 
the system of torpedo protection for southern 
harbors ; was made chief of the torpedo service, 
June 17, 1864, and demonstrated that weak 
maritime nations could be protected against the 
most powerful. 
daughter of Maj. William (U.S.A.) and Eliza 
Conway (Sevier) McClellan, and granddaughter 
of Governor John and Catherine (Sherrill) Sevier. 
Their daughter, Mrs. W. W. Smythe, gave data 
for this sketch in 1903. After the war General 
Rains resided first in Augusta, Ga., and subse- 
quently in Aiken, S.C., where he died, Aug. 6, 
1881, from wounds received in Florida in 1840, 
and considered fatal at the time. 


[392] 


who | 


He served in garrison in Louisiana | 


He was married to Mary Jane, | 

















RAINS 
























































INS, George Washington, soldier, was 
in Craven county, N.C., in 1817; son of 
Yabriel M. and Hester (Ambrose) Rains. His 
parents removed to Alabama, and he was ap- 
ywinted to the U.S. Military academy from that 
ta te in 1838, and in 1842 was graduated third 
n a class of 56, and promoted 2d lieutenant in 
corps of engineers. He served as assistant 
xeer in the construction of Fort Warren, 
on Harbor, Mass., 1842-43; in garrison at 
fort Monroe, Va., 1843-44, and was transferred 
o the 4th artillery, July 7, 1843. He was assis- 
ant professor of chemistry, mineralogy and 
yeology in the U.S. Military academy, 1844~46 ; 
had charge of the quartermaster’s depot at Point 
bel, Texas, in 1846; was promoted Ist lieu- 
ant, March 8, 1847; took part in the siege of 
Vera Cruz, the battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, 
Shurubusco, Molino del Rey, the storming of 
the pultepec, and the assault and capture of the 
‘ity of Mexico. He was brevetted captain, Aug. 
0, 1847, for Contreras and Churubusco, and major, 
Sept. 13, 1847, for Chapultepec. He served as 
ide-de-camp to General Scott and to Gen. Gideon 
Pillow, 1847-48, and while at West Point where 
illow was being court-martialed, he arranged 
the model of the Valencia silver mine. He was 
garrison in New Orleans and on recruiting 
vice, 1848-49; in the Seminole war, Florida, 
0; in garrison at Forts Lafayette and 
Columbus, N.Y. harbor, Fort Mackinac, Mich., 
and Fort Independence, Mass., 1850-54, and on 
iting service at Fort Columbus, 1854-56. 





the service, Oct. 31, 1856, and became part 
mer and president of the Washington iron 
ss and the Highland iron works at Newburg, 
He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel 
illery in the Confederate army in 1861, and 
ed to the equipment of powder mills at 


a of the faculty, 1884, and professor eme- 
us, 1884-94, and resumed business in Newburg, 
Y.Y., in 1894. Hereceived the degree of LL.D. 
rom the University of Georgia in 1880, and that 
of M.D. elsewhere. He obtained three patents 
iprovements in portable steam engines, and 
uthor of : Steam Portable Engines, a trea- 
50); Rudimentary Course of Analytical 
plied Chemistry (1872); Chemical Qualita- 
alysis (1879); History of the Confederate 
er Works (1882); and numerous essays. He 
Newburg, N.Y., March 21, 1898. 

AINS, James Edward, soldier, was born in 
yiison county, Tenn., April 10, 1833 ; son of the 

4 


RAINSFORD 


Rev. John and Lucinda (Cartwright) Rains. He 
was graduated from Yale in 1854; was admitted te 
the bar, and practised in Nashville. He edited 
the Daily Republicun Banner in 1857; was city 
attorney in 1858, and attorney-general for his 
judicial district in 1860. He was married about 
1860, to Ida, only daughter of H. T. Yeatman, 
Mrs. Rains was residing in Nashville in 1903. In 
1861 he joined the Confederate army as lieutenant- 
colonel of the 11th Tennessee regiment ; was pro- 
moted colonel, and commanded the 2d_ brigade, 
1st division, department of East Tennessee. He 
was ordered by Gen. J. D. Stevenson, division 
commander, to cover the evacuation of Cumber- 
land Gap, June 14, 1862, and after effecting the 


purpose, withdraw his two regiments and 
marched toward Morristown. He was commis- 
sioned brigadier-general, Nov. 4, 1864; com- 


manded his brigade in McCown’s division, Har- 
dee’s corps, Bragg’s Army of the Tennessee, in the 
battle of Stone’s river, and while leading a charge 
against McCook’s Federal corps, he was shot 
through the heart, dying instantly, Dec. 31, 1862. 

RAINSFORD, William Stephen, clergyman, 
was bornin Dublin, Ireland, Oct. 30, 1850 ; son of 
the Rev. Marcus and Louisa (Dickson) Rainsford. 
Ill health caused his early withdrawal from 
school, and led to travel abroad for some time. 
He became interested 
in one of the first 
efforts made in Eng- 
land to apply a thor- 
ough study to the 
conditions of life in 
East London. The 
result of such study 
was a visit to Canada, 
in company with 
Herbert Watney, his 
brother-in-law, which 
visit had for its object , 
the settling of eight 
hundred emigrants 
from the East of 
London in the Do- 
minion. He then traveled extensively all over 
the United States, among other journeys un- 
dertaking one from St. Paul, Minn., to Victo- 
ria, Vancouver's Island. This trip lasted many 
months and was not without danger. His 
party consisted of Herbert Watney and himself 
and their two men. The country was wild and 
absolutely unsettled, and the United States’ re- 
lations with the Indians very much disturbed. 
He returned to England in 1869, and was gradu- 
ated from St. John’s college, Cambridge, in 1873 ; 
was ordained deacon and priest in consecutive 
years, and held during this time the curacy of 
St. Giles’s parish in Norwich. In 1876-78 he de- 





[393] 


RALPH 


voted himself entirely to evangelistic work in the 
United States and Canada, conducting services 
in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Richmond, New Or- 
leans, Louisville, Sandusky, Boston and New 
York. He took charge of Holy Trinity church, 
New York city, for three months during the 
absence of Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, Jr., and while 
there had full charge of the meetings in Dr, Tyng’s 
gospel tent, corner of 34th Street and Broadway. 
In 1878 he returned to England, and married 
Emily Alma, daughter of Frederick Green of 88 
Princess Gardens, London. From England he was 
called to be assistant rector of the Cathedral of 
St. James, Toronto, Canada, where he remained 
until 1882, in which year he succeeded Dr. 
Williams as rector of St. George’s church, New 
York, taking up his residence, Jan. 1, 18838. 
All seats in the church were declared free, the 
church was opened for private devotion at all 
hours of the day, daily services were held and 
frequent services on Sunday, and a large choir, 
chiefly volunteers, was placed in the chancel, 
alterations in the church being made to admit of 
this change. The staff of the church became one 
of the most efficient in the country, consisting of 
four clergy, five deaconesses and two secretaries. 
The Sunday school grew toa membership of 
2000. In 1903 the communicants of St. George’s 
numbered over 8,000, the number of societies and 
classes thirty-nine, the money raised during 
twenty years of rectorship $2,254,543. The mem- 
bership of the church was unique; living in tene- 
ments houses, 5400; in boarding houses, 1001; 
in flats, apartments, hotels, 938; in private 
houses, 589; out of town, 127; unclassified, 285; 
total : 8290. The honorary degree of D.D. was 
conferred by Trinity in 1887. He was baccalau- 
reate preacher at Harvard, Columbia and Chi- 
cago. He is the author of : Sermons Preached 
at St. George’s (1887): A Good Friday Meditation 
(1901) The Reasonableness of Faith (1902) and 
many sermons. 

RALPH, Julian, author and journalist, was 
born in New York city, May 27, 1853; son of Dr. 
Joseph Edward and Selina (Mahoney) Ralph. 
He was graduated from the public schools, ap- 
prenticed in the printing office of the Standard 
at Red Bank, N.J., in 1868; at once began writing 
short stories and humorous articles, and in 1870 
became local editor of the paper. He founded 
the Leader at Red Bank, 1871, became acting 
editor of the Webster, Mass., Times in 1872, re- 
turned to New York to become a reporter on the 
World under William Henry Hurlbert in 1872, 
reported for the Daily Graphic, 1872-75, and 
was continuously on the staff of the New York 
Sun, 1875-95. He was married, May 15, 1876, to 
Isabella, daughter of Thomas H. and Frances C. 
Mount of Chapel Hill, N.J. He started Chatter, 


RALPH 


a literary weekly, in 1889, and after its failure in 
1900, made many important journeys for Har- 
pers Magazine. He devoted himself to the 


United States and Canada, 1891-93, to Asia, 1894— 


97, and through Russia to the border of Persia in 
1897. He was Lon- 
don correspondent of 
the New York Jour- Za 
nal in 1896-97, and 
reported the Turko- 
Greek war; became 
London  correspond- 
ent of the New York 
Herald and the Brook- 
lyn Eagle, and in 1899 
a member of the statf 
of the London Daily 
Mail, for which he 
spent a year in the 
British-Boer war. At 
the command of Lord 
Roberts, command- 
ing the British forces, he and Rudyard Kipling, 
Percival Landon and H. E. Gwynne established 
The Friend, the first daily newspaper ever pub- 
lished for the information and entertainment 
of an army. It was established at Bloemfon- 
tein, in the then Orange Free State. In 1889 
he was elected a member of the Royal Geograph- 
ical society, and in 1900 he received the honorary 
degree A.M. from Middlebury college, Vermont. 
He returned to America in 1902, ‘and in Decem- 
ber was appointed Eastern representative of the 
Louisiana Purchase exposition of 1904. He is the 
author of: Cuba (1882); Long Island of To-day 
and The Sun’s German Barber (1884); On Can- 
ada’s Frontier (1892); Our Great West and 
Chicago and the World’s Fair (1898); Along the 
Bowstring (1894); Dixie (1895); People We Pass 
(1895); Alone in China (1896); An Angel in a 
Web (1896); A Prince of Georgia (1897); Towards 
Pretoria (1900); At Pretoria, called in America, 
An American With Lord Roberts (1901); War's 
Brighter Side (1901); The Millionairess (1902). 
He died in New York city, Jan. 20, 1903. 
RALPH, Lester, painter and illustrator, was 
born in New York city, July 19, 1876; son of 
Julian and Isabella (Mount) Ralph. He attended 
the Brooklyn High school and Adelphi academy ; 
studied in the Art Students’ League, and then 
spent three years as a student in Parisand Rome, 
1896-99. He illustrated scenes in the Turko-Greek 
war for Harper's Magazine, and in the British- 
Boer war for the London Black and White. He 
made a number of paintings of South African war 
scenes after his return to London, where he es- 
tablished his residence until 1902, when he re- 
turned to America and took up illustrating for 
the leading magazines. 






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294] 


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RALSTON 


-_ RALSTON, James Grier, educator, was born 
ir Chester county, Pa., Dec. 28, 1815; son of 
Samuel and Nancy Hays (Grier) Ralston ; grand- 
son of John and Christiana (King) Ralston, and a 
descendant of John and Mary (McCummack) 
Ralston, who came from Ballymena _ parish, 
county Antrim, Ireland, to ‘‘ Craigs,” or the Irish 
settlement in Northampton county, Pa., about 
1732. He was graduated at Washington college, 
Pa., 1838; attended Princeton Theological semi- 
nary, 1839-40; was principal of Oxford Female 
seminary, Chester County, Pa., 1841-45; was or- 
-dained by the presbytery of New Castle, Dec. 17, 
1845; founded, and was principal of Oakland Fe- 
male institute, Norristown, Pa., 1845-74 and 1877- 
80. He wasa student of natural history and chem- 
istry and the discoverer of a fluoride of alum- 
inum and calcium, the mineral being named 
-Ralstonite after the discoverer. He received the 
honorary degree of LL.D. from Lafayette college 
in 1865, having served as trustee of that institu- 
tion, 1860-65 ; and the degree of D.D. from Wash- 
ington and Jefferson college in 1868. He died in 
Norristown, Pa., Nov. 10, 1880. 

~ RAMBAUT, Mary Lucinda Bonney, educator, 
was born at Hamilton, N.Y., June 8, 1816; 
daughter of Benjamin and Lucinda (Wilder) 
Bonney, and granddaughter of Benjamin Bonney 
and of Abel Wilder, both of Chesterfield, Mass., 
and both soldiers in the Revolution. She ac- 
quired her education at Hamilton academy, and 
at Troy Female seminary, graduating from the 
latter in 1834, and taught at Jersey City, N.J., 
New York city, De Ruyter, N.Y., and at the 
Troy Female seminary, successively, 1834-42. 
She was a teacher at Beaufort and Roberville, 
$.C., 1842-48, and in 1850, with the assistance of 
Harriette Dillaye, opened the Chestnut Street 
Female seminary, Philadelphia, Pa., which soon 
became an important institution. It was re- 


FRONT. VIEW 





Sa 
ede Saar 


eee aise eer BET TRM Gp ott 


z moved i in 1883 to Ogontz, near Philadelphia, the 
° ate formerly occupied by Jay Cooke (q.v.), 
where it continued to increase in attendance and 
inf uence, In 1879, with Mrs. Amelia S. Quinton 

{av.), she was instrumental in forming the 
Women’s National Indian association which led 
e popular movement for Indian citizenship, es- 







t! 


RAMSAY 


tablished fifty missions among the Indians, made 
loans, and provided many with homes and educa- 
tional advantages. In March, 1881, Miss Bonney 
was elected president and in 1879 a first petition, 
endorsed by 50,000 signatures, was sent to the 
President and both houses of congress ‘ to guard 
the Indians in the enjoyment of all the rights 
guaranteed to them by the faith of the nation.” 
A second petition with 100,000 signatures affixed 
was sent in 1880 and a third in 1881. In 1880 she 
resigned as senior principal of the Ogontz school 
and in the same year was made a delegate to the 
World’s Missionary convention at London, 
While in London, she was married to the Rey. 
Dr. Thomas Rambaut (q.v.). After her husband’s 
death she made her home with her brother in 
Hamilton, N.Y., where she died, July 24, 1900. 
RAMBAUT, Thomas, educator, 


was born in 


Dublin, Ireland, Aug. 25, 1819. His parents were 
Huguenots, and he attended the Huguenot 


academy at Portarlington, Ireland, and was grad- 
uated from Trinity college, Dublin, Ireland, in 
1839. He came to the United States in 1840, and 
settled in Savannah, Ga., where he intended to 
enter upon the study of law, but decided to study 
for the ministry. He was principal of Beach 
Island academy, D.C., 1842-48 ; was ordained to 
the Baptist ministry, 1848, and was pastor of 
churches at Robertsville, S.C., 1843-44, and at 
Savannah, Ga., 1848-56. He was professor of 
ancient languages at Cherokee Baptist college, 
Cassville, Ga., 1856-63, and president of Cherokee 
Baptist college, 1857-63. He was professor of 
history and Roman literature in Georgia Military 
institute, Marietta, Ga., 1863-64, and agent of the 
Baptist Home Missionary society, preaching in 
nearly every southern state, 1864-67. He was 
president of William Jewell college, Liberty, Mo., 
1867-74, meantime filling the chair of philosophy 
and theology, 1868-73 ; and traveled abroad, 1873- 
74, visiting the principal European universities, 
under the authority of the trustees of the college. 
He was pastor of Baptist churches at Brooklyn, 
N.Y., Newark, N.J., Albany, N.Y.. and Franklin 
Pa., 1874-84, and returned to Brooklyn, N.Y., in 
1887. He was the general delegate of the Baptist 
church in the United States to the World’s Mis- 
sionary convention held at London, England, in 
1888. The honorary degree of A.M. was con- 
ferred on him by Mercer university, Macon, Ga., 
in 1857 and that of LL.D. by Madison university, 
New York, in 1860. He removed to Hamilton, 
N.Y., in 1888, and died there, Oct. 15, 1890. 
RAMSAY, David, delegate, was born in 
Dunmore, Lancaster county, Pa., April 2, 1749; 
son of James and Jane (Montgomery) Ramsay. 
He was graduated from the College of New 
Jersey, A.B., 1765, A.M., 1768; was a tutor in 
Maryland, 1765-67, and was graduated M.B. from 


[395] 


RAMSAY 


the University of Pennsylvania in 17738. He be- 
gan practice in Cecil county, Md., but removed 
to Charleston, 8.C., in 1773, and in 1776 joined 
the American army as surgeon and took part in 
the defence of Savannah. He was a member of 
the house of commons of South Carolina, 1776-88 ; 
a member of the council of safety, where his 
aggressive stand against British oppression and 
their tory allies in the colonies so incensed the 
enemy that when Charleston was captured, May 
12, 1780, he was imprisoned at St. Augustine with 
forty other hostages until exchanged in March, 
1871. He was a delegate from South Carolina to 
the Continental congress, 1782-84 and 1785-86, and 
served as president pro tempore of that body dur- 
ing his last term. He was also a member of the 
South Carolina senate, and its president seven 
years. He was married to Frances, daughter of 
John Witherspoon, and after her death, secondly, 
Jan. 23, 1787, to Martha, daughter of Henry and 
Eleanor (Ball) Laurens of Charleston, 8.C. He 
received his M.D. degree from the University of 
Pennsylvania in 1780, and the honorary degree of 
M.D. from Yale in 1789. His published works 
include: Touch not, Taste not, Handle not (a ser- 


mon on tea, 1775) ; An Oration on American In- — 
dependence (1778); History of the Revolution of . 


South Carolina from a British Province to an In- 
dependent State (1785); History of the American 
Revolution (1789) ; On the Means of Preserving 
Health in Charleston and its Vicinity (1790) ; 
Review of the Improvenents, Progress and State 
of Medicine in the Highteenth Century (1802); 
Life of George Washington (1807); History of 
South Carolina from its Settlement in 1670 to the 
Yeur 1808 (1809); Memoirs of Martha Lawrens 
Ramsay, with Extracts from her Diary (1811) ; 
Eulogium on Dr. Benjamin Rush (1813) ; History 
of the United States, 1607-1808, continued to the 
treaty of Ghent by Samuel S. Smith and others 
and published posthumously (1816-17). This work 
formed the first three volumes of ‘‘ Universal 
History Americanized” (12 vols., 1819), He met 
death from a pistol shot at the hands of a maniac 
to whose insanity he had testified as an expert in 
court. He died in Charleson, 8.C., May 8, 1815. 

RAMSAY, Francis Munroe, naval officer, was 
born in the District of Columbia, April 5, 1835; 
son of Gen. George Douglas and Frances Whet- 
croft (Munroe) Ramsay. He entered the navy 
as a midshipman, Oct. 5, 1850, served on board 
the Preble, 1851, and the St. Lawrence, Pacific 
station, 1851-55; was graduated from the U.S. 
Naval academy, June 20, 1856: served on the 
Falmouth, Brazil squadron, 1857, and the Mer- 
rimac, Pacific squadron, 1857-60. He was pro- 
moted acting master, June 24, 1857; master, Jan. 
22, 1858; lieutenant. Jan. 23, 1858; lieutenant- 
commander, July 16, 1862. He served on the 


RAMSAY 
Saratoga, 1860-62; commanded the ironclad 


Choctaw of the Mississippi squadron, 1863-64; 
and took part in the engagements on the Yazoo 
river in 1863, including Haines’s Bluff, April 30- 
May 1; Liverpool's 
Landing in May, and 
Milliken’s Bend, June 
7. He was in charge 
of a battery at Vicks- 
burg, June 19-July 
4, 1868; commanded 
the 8d division of 
the Mississippi fleet, 
1863-64; served at 
Trinity and Harri- 
sonburg, La., March, 
1864; took part in 
expeditions up the 
Black, Ouachita, 
Red and Atchafalaya 
rivers in the spring 
of 1864; was engaged at Simmsport, La., June 
8, 1864; commanded the gunboat Unadilla of 
the North Atlantic squadron, 1864-65 ; was pres- 
ent at the storming of Fort Fisher, and of 
several Cape Fear river forts, including Fort 
Anderson, and was in the James river flotilla 
in the capture of Richmond, Va., in 1865. He 





had charge of the department of gunnery at 
the Naval academy, 1865-66 ; was promoted com- 
mander, July 25, 1866, and served on navigation 
duty at the navy yard, Washington, D.C., 1866—- 
67; as fleet-captain and chief of staff of the South 




































































=e =< 


RT FISHER 








1867-69, and as commander of the Guerriére, 
June and July, 1869. He was married, June 9, 
1869, to Anna, daughter of Patrick and Mary 
(Powers) McMahon of Ireland. He served on 
ordnance duty at the navy yard, Washington, 
D.C., 1869-72 ; in the bureau of ordnance in 1872, 
and as naval attaché in Europe, 1872-73. He com=- 
manded the Ossipee on the North Atlantic station, 
1873-74 ; was at the Philadelphia naval asylum, 
1875-76, inspector of ordnance in New York, 1876— 
78; promoted captain, Dec. 1, 1877 ; commanded 
the torpedo station, Newport, R.I., 1878-81; the 
Trenton, European station, 1881; was superinten- 
dent, Naval academy, 1881-86 ; a member of the 


[396] 





y _ RAMSAY 






































ard of examiners, 1886-87, and commanded the 
Boston on special service, 1887-89. He com- 
nanded the New York navy yard and station, 
was promoted commodore, March 26, 1889 ; 
chief of the bureau of navigation, 1889-97 ; was 
promoted rear-admiral, April 11, 1894, and having 
reached the age of sixty-two was placed on the 
retired list, April 5, 1897, making his home in 
Washington, D.C., where in March, 1903, he was 
still residing. 

RAMSAY, George Douglas, soldier, was born 
in Damfries, Va., Feb. 21, 1802; son of Andrew 
and Catherine (Graham) Ramsay; grandson of 
Patrick and Elizabeth (Poythress) Ramsay and 
of Richard and James (Brent) Graham. Patrick 
Ramsay emigrated from Glasgow, Scotland, to 
a Virginia, and settled in Bristol Parish. He 
returned to Scotland prior to the Revolution, and 
after his death, in 1791, his widow brought her 
sons to Alexandria, Va., where they followed 
mercantile pursuits. George Douglas Ramsay 
was graduated from the U.S. Military academy, 
and promoted 2d lieutenant, light artillery, July 
1, 1820; was transferred to the 1st artillery on 
_ re-organization of the army, June 1, 1821; and 
promoted ist lieutenant, March 1, 1826. He 
served as adjutant of the 1st artillery, 1833-35 ; 
as assistant ordnance officer at Washington 
arsenal, D.C., in 1835, and was promoted captain 
and transferred to the ordnance department, 
Feb. 25, 1835, serving as commandant of the New 
York, Washington, Frankford and Augusta 
arsenals, He was married. Sept. 23, 1830, to 
Frances Whetcroft, daughter of Thomas and 
Frances (Whetcroft) Munroe of Washington, 
D .C.; his wife died, April 22, 1835. He was 
me urried, secondly, June 28, 1838, to Eliza Rae, 
di ughter of Thomas Gules of Louisiana. 
dnance officer at Corpus Christi and Point 


OL am 1848-61; and was promoted 
r, April 22, 1861; lieutenant-colonel, Aug. 3, 
: , and colonel, June 1, 1863. He commanded 
the téanal at Washington, D.C., 1861-63 ; served 
as chief of ordnance of the U.S. army with head- 
ers at Washington, 1863-64; was promoted 
zalier-general, and made chief of ordnance of 
U.S. army, Sept. 15, 1863, and retired by age 
t, Sept. 12, 1864. He was inspector of 
nals, 1864-66 ; commanded the Washington 


—— 


and was a member of the examining board. 
e died in Washington, D.C., May 23, 1882. 


ee oe ee 


He was. 


RAMSDELL 


RAMSAY, Nathaniel, soldier, was born in 
Lancaster county, Pa., May 1, 1741; son of James 
and Jane (Montgomery) Ramsay, James Ramsay 
having emigrated from the north of Ireland, and 
settled in Drumore,Lancaster county, Pa., early in 
the eighteenth century. He was graduated at the 
College of New Jersey, A.B., 1767, A.M., 1771, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1771. He signed the 
declaration of the freemen of Maryland, was a 
delegate from Cecil county to the Maryland con- 
vention of 1775, and a member of the committees 
to promote the manufacture of saltpetre, and to 
encourage manufactures of any kind. He was 
appointed captain in Smallwood's Maryland 
regiment, Jan. 14, 1776; joined the Continental 
army in Philadelphia in July, taking part in the 
battle of Long Island, Aug. 27; was promoted 
lieutenant-colonel of the 3d regiment, Maryland 
line, Dec. 10, 1776, and was stationed with the 
army at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777- 
78. After the retreat of Gen. Charles Lee at 
Monmouth, June 28, 1778, where he commanded 
a regiment, he was ordered to drive back the 
advancing British troops, which he did, holding 
his position with a remuant of his regiment 
against the British dragoons until his men were 
exhausted and he was left alone, wounded and 
apparently dead. He was taken prisoner and did 
not obtain an exchange until Dec. 14, 1780. He 
was promoted lieutenant-colonel U.S.A., June 1, 
1779 to date from Jan. 1, 1777, and was retired 
Jan. 1,1781. He practised law in Cecil county, 
1781-83 ; in Baltimore, 1783-90 ; represented Mary- 
land in the Contintental congress, 1785-78; was 
appointed U.S. marshal for Maryland, by Presi- 
dent Washington, serving 1790-98, and was U.S. 
naval officer of the port of Baltimore, 1794-1817. 
He was married first in 1771, to Margaret Jane, 
sister of Charles Wilson Peale, the portrait paint- 
er, and secondly in 1792, to Charlotte, daughter of 
Aquila and Sophia (White) Hall of Maryland, 
He died in Baltimore, Md., Oct, 28, 1817. 

RAMSDELL, George Allen, governor of New 
Hampshire, was born in Milford, N.H., March 11, 
1834; son of William and Maria A. (Moore) 
Ramsdell ; grandson of William and Mary (South- 
ward) Ramsdell, and of Humphrey and Hannah 
(Peabody) Moore, and a descendant of Abijah 
Ramsdell, who emigrated from England to 
America, and settled in Lynn, Mass. He at- 
tended Appleton academy, and Amherst college 
for one year, and studied law in Manchester, 
N.H. He was admitted to the bar in 1857; was 
married in November, 1860, to Eliza D., daughter 
of David and Margaret (Dinsmore) Wilson of 
Deering, N.H.; practised law in Peterboro, N.H., 
1857-63 ; and was clerk of the supreme court of 
Hillsborough county, 1864-88, residing at Am- 
herst, 1864-66, and at Nashua, 1866-67.- He 


[397] 


RAMSEUR 


resigned his clerkship and practised law, 1887- 
91; represented Hillsborough county in the 
New Hampshire legislature, 1870-72, where he 
served on the judiciary and other important 
committees ; was a member of the state consti- 
tutional convention in 1876, 
and of the governor’s council, 
1891-92. He declined a seat 
on the supreme bench of the 
state in 1898, and was Re- 
publican governor of New 
Hampshire, 1897-99. He held 
many local positions, includ- 
ing the presidency of the board of trustees of the 
State Industrial Schoolat Manchester, N.H. He 
received the honorary degree of A.M. from Dart- 
mouth college in 1871. Governor Ramsdell died 
in Nashua, N.H., Nov. 16, 1900. 

RAMSEUR, Stephen Dodson, soldier, was 
born in Lincolnton, N.C., May 31, 1837; son of 
Jocob A. and Lucy M. (Wilfong) Ramseur. He 
was a student at Davidson college, N.C., 1853-55 ; 
was graduated at the U.S. Military academy, 
fourteenth in a class of 41, in 1860, and was as- 
signed to the artillery. He served in garrison at 
Fort Monroe, Va.,and at Washington, D.C., 1860- 
61; was promoted 2d lieutenant, 4th artillery, 
Feb. 1, 1861, and resigned from the U.S. army, 
April 6, 1861, entering the Confederate service as 
captain of artillery. Early in 1862 he reported 
to Gen. John B. Magruder on the Peninsula with 
the 10th North Carolina artillery, having been 
promoted major. He was transferred to the 49th 
North Carolina infanty as colonel, April 12, 1862, 
which he commanded in Robert Ransom’s brig- 
ade, Holmes’s division, Magruder’s command in 
the seven days’ battles before Richmond, June 
25-July 1, 1862, where he was wounded. He was 
promoted brigadier-general, Nov. 1, 1862, and 
commanded the third brigade, composed of the 
2d, 4th, 14th and 380th North Carolina regiments 
in D. H. Hill’s division, Jackson’s corps, in the 
Chancellorsville campaign, and was again 
wounded. He commanded his brigade in Rodes’s 
division, Ewell’s 2d corps at Gettysburg, and 
from the Wilderness to Cold Harbor, and was 
promoted major-general, June 1, 1864. When 
the second corps was transferred from Ewell to 
Early, June 12, 1864, for the invasion of Mary- 
land and attack on Washington, Ramseur’s di- 
vision was made up of the brigades of Lilley, 
Johnston and Lewis. After engaging the enemy 
at Harper’s Ferry and Maryland Heights, he oc- 
cupied the centre of Early’s line of battle at the 
Monocacy crossing, July 9, 1864, where Gen. 
Lew Wallace opposed the advance but was re- 
pulsed and driven south within the lines of de- 
fences of Washington. On July 13, when within 
sight of the dome of the capitol, learning of 





RAMSEY 


the advance of General Grant to the relief of the 
Federal capitol, Early ordered his army to fall 
back, which they did that night, crossing the 
Potomac at White’s Ford above Leesburg on the 
morning of the 14th, entering the valley through 
Snicker’s Gap and after crossing the Shenandoah, 
awaiting the Federal army at Berryville. On 
Aug. 7, 1864, Sheridan had assumed command 
of the middle military division and of the Army 
of the Shenandoah. Then followed the battles 
of Cedarville, Winchester, Fisher's Hilland Cedar 
Creek, August-October, 1864. Meantime Ram- 
seur’s division had been given the first position 
in Early’s army, and his command was made up> 
of the brigades of C. A. Battle, Phil Cook, Bryan 
Grimes, and W. R. Ccx in the battle of Cedar 
Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864, where he was mortally 
wounded. He died at Winchester, Oct. 20, 1864. 
RAMSEY, Alexander, governor of Minnesota, 
was born near Harrisburg, Pa., Sept 8, 1815; son 
of Thomas and Elizabeth (Kelker) Ramsay, 
and grandson of Alexander and Vera Frit (Cor- 
nelius) Ramsey, and of Henry and Elizabeth 
(Greenawalt) Kelker. 
He attended Lafay- 
ette college, 1834-35 ; 
entered the regis- 
ter’s office, Dauphin 
county, as clerk in 
1838; was admitted 
to the bar in 1839, and 
began practice in 
Harrisburg. He was 
secretary to the presi- 
dential electors in 
1840; clerk of the 
Pennsylvania house 
of representatives in 
1841; a Whig repre- 
sentative from the 
Harrisburg district in the 28th and 29th con- 
gresses, 1843-47, and chairman of the Whig state 
central committee in 1848. He was married 
in 1845, to Anna Earl, daughter of Michael H. 
Jenks of Newton, Pa. He was the first territorial 
governor of Minnesota from April 2, 1849 to May 
15, 1858, and between 1849 and 1858 made various 
treaties with the Indian tribes in Minnesota, 
procuring for the United States that portion of 
land now contained in the state of Minnesota. 
He was mayor of St. Paul, 1855-57 ; second govy- 
ernor of the state of Minnesota from Jan. 21, 
1860, to July 10, 1863, and U.S. senator, 1863-75, 
serving on the committees on naval affairs, posts, 
patents and pensions. He was secretary of war 
in President Hayes’s cabinet, 1879-81, and a 
member and chairman of the Utah commission, 
1881-86, resigning in 1886, He received the hon- 
orary degree of A.M. from Lafayette college in 





[398] 








RAMSEY 

















































¢ 
a 


365. He celebrated the eighty-seventh anniver- 
5 Br y of his birth Sept. 8, 1902, at his home in St. 
, Minn., where he died, pril 22, 1903. 
fea AMSEY, James Gettys McGrady, author, 
vas born in Knox county, Tenn., March 25, 1797; 
of Francis Alexander (177—1820) and Peggy 
Knitt (Alexander) (177—1805) Ramsey ; grand- 
son of Reynolds (172—1816) and Naomi (Alex- 
ander) (178—1813) Ramsey, and of John Mc- 
Knitt Alexander of North Carolina, a signer of 
‘ Mecklenberg Declaration of Independence. 
and great-grandson of Ramsey who came 
to America from the North of Ireland in 1730, 
and settled where Adams county is now located. 
His wife was lost overboard from the ship on 
the voyage to America, and he lived with his 
Reynolds, who married Naomi, daughter of 
Francis Alexander of Pennsylvania, and removed 
‘to Rockbridge county, Va. Francis Alexander 
Ramsey removed to Holston settlements, N.C., 
1783, and became secretary of the proposed state 
f Franklin, subsequently Tennessee. He built a 
* one house in Knox county six miles northeast of 
Knoxville, which was still standing in 1903. His 
eldest son, J.G. McG. Ramsey, graduated at Wash- 
fs eton college, Tenn., A.B., 1815, receiving the 
degree A.M. later ; was clerk and register of Knox 
county, 1816-20; studied medicine in Knoxville, 
a nd at the University of Pennsylvania, and was 
married, March 1, 1821, to Margaret Barton (1802- 
1889), daughter of Capt. John and Hannah (Bar- 
ton) Crozier. He practised in Knoxville, residing 
in the fork of the Holston and French Broad 
; ivers, four and a half miles northeast of the 
. He was president of the Bank of Ten- 

e; founder of the first historical society of 
Bascds ; president of the Charleston and Cin- 
nati railroad, projected in 1836; and finan- 
agent of the Confederate States, 1861-65. 
was the author of: Annals of Tennessee to 
Ind of the Eighteenth Century (Vol. I. 
new ed., 1860), and when his house was 
by the Federal soldiers in 1863 his his- 

| pepers and MS. of Vol. II. of the Annals of 
essee, and MS. of History of Lebanon Church, 
1854, were lost. He died in Knoxville, 
Tenn., April 41, 1884. 

RAI \CK, George W., author, was born in 
Low uisville, Ky., Feb. 13, 1841; son of Solomon 
and Sarah (Marman) Ranck ; grandson of Samuel, 
2d. and Mary (Aultz) Ranck, and descendant of 
Mi hael and Anna (Barbara) Ranck, Huguenots, 
- adherents of the Moravian church, who 
ed from Holland in the English vessel Mor- 
House, and landed in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 
24, e 1728, helping to found the town of New Hol- 
and, George W. Ranck was a student at Ken- 
tucky university, 1864-68, at Harrodsburg, 1864— 
65, and at Lexington, 1865-68; was tutor there 





RANDALL 


for some time and principal of its academy in 
1868. He was editor of the Lexington Observer 
and Reporter, 1868-71, and in 1871 became 
owner of the paper. He was married in 1868, 
to Helen, daughter of John and Mary E. Carty 
of Lexington. He was one of the organizers of 
the Kentucky Historical society at Frankfort, 
1878; was a member of the Virginia Historical 
society; the Massachusetts Historical society, and 
of various other learned and patriotic organiza- 
tions; and delivered the historical address, 
tennial of Lexington,” at Morrison college, April 
2,1879. His death resulted from being struck by 
a train, while examining the stone sills and under 
ties of the first railroad built in Lexington, Ky., 
in quest of historical information for an article 
he had in preparation. His publications are: 
History of Lexington, Kentucky (1872); O'Hara 
and His Elegies (1875); several chapters for His- 
tory of Lafayette Co., Ky. (1882); Guide to Lex- 
ington (1883); Girty, the White Indian (1886): 
The Traveling Church (1891); The Story of Bryan’s 
Station (1896); The Bivouac of the Dead and its 
Author (1898); Boonesborough (1901). He died 
in Lexington, Ky., Aug. 2, 1901. 

RAND, Edward Sprague, floriculturist, was 
born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 20, 1834; son of Ed- 
ward Sprague and Elizabeth (Arnold) Rand ; 
grandson of Edward Sprague Rand (1782-1863), 
a shipping merchant of Amsterdam, Holland, 
and shipping merchant and banker of Newbury- 
port, Mass., and a descendant in the eighth 
generation from Robert and: Alice Rand, who 
settled in Charlestown, Mass., in 1635. He was 
graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1855, LL.B., 
1857, A.M., 1858; and engaged in business with 
his father, residing in Dedham, Mass., where he 
devoted his leisure to floriculture and literature. 
He was assistant editor of Harris on Insects In- 
jurious to Vegetation in 1862, edited the floral 
department of Tie Homestead, and assisted in the 
preparation of a new edition of Dr. Jacob Bige- 
low’s ‘** Florula Bostoniensis.” He traveled exten- 
sively in the Southern states and in South Ameri- 
ca, and is the author of : Life Memoirs and other 
Poems (1859); Flowers for the Parlor and Garden 
(1863); Garden Flowers (1866) ; Bulbs (1866) ; 
Seventy-five Popular Flowers and How to Culti- 
vate Them (1870); The Rhododendron and Ameri- 
can Plants (1871); Window Gardener (1872); and 
Complete Manual of Orchid Culture (1876). He 
died in Para, Brazil, Sept. 28, 1897. 

RANDALL, Alexander Williams, postmaster 
general, was born in Ames, Montgomery county 
N.Y., Oct. 31, 1819; son of Phineas Randall, a 
native of Massachusetts. He received a colle- 
giate education, studied law and established him- 
self in practice in Waukesha, Wisconsin Territory, 
in 1840. He was appointed postmaster of Wauke- 


‘* Cen- 


[399] 


RANDALL 


sha in 1840; was a member of the first convention 
that met at Madison, Oct. 5, 1846, and framed a 
constitution that the people failed to ratify in 
April, 1847; a representative in the state legislature 
in 1855; an unsuccessful candidate for attorney- 
general of the state the same 
year, and judge of the second 
circuit of the state supreme 
court in 1856. He was gov- 
ernor of Wisconsin from Jan. 
4, 1858, to Jan. 6, 1862. He 
organized, equipped and sent 
into the field eleven regi- 
ments of volunteers and mustered in sixteen regi- 
ments during his governorship. He was U.S. 
minister to Italy, 1861-62; first assistant post- 
master-general, 1862-66, and postmaster-general, 
1865-69. He died in Elmira, N.Y., July 25, 1872. 

RANDALL, Emilius Oviatt, lawyer and his- 
torian, was born at Richfield, Ohio, Oct. 28, 1850 ; 
son of the Rev. Dr. David Austin and Harriet 
(Oviatt) Randall ; grandson of Heman and Eunice 
(Newton) Oviatt, and of James and Joanna (Pem- 
berton) Randall; great-grandson of John Randall, 
of Benjamin Oviatt and of Patrick Pemberton, 
all Revolutionary soldiers ; and a direct descend- 
ant of Ebenezer Pemberton, one of the founders 
and early pastors of the Old South church, Bos- 
ton. He prepared for college at Phillips’ An- 
dover academy, 1869--70 ; and was graduated from 
Cornell university, Ph.B., 1874. He was married 
Oct. 28, 1874, to Mary A., daughter of John Howe 
and Catherine (Granger) Coy of Ithaca, N.Y. 
He engaged in mercantile business in Columbus ; 
was editor of the Columbus Saturday Gazette, 
1883; president of the Columbus board of trade, 
1887; and a member of the school board, 1888. 
He was admitted to the bar in 1890; was gradu- 
ated from Ohio State university LL.B. and LL.M., 
1892; and began the practice of law in Columbus. 
He was made professor of law in the Ohio State 
university in 1893, secretary of the Ohio State 
Archeological and Historical society in 1894, and 
official reporter of the Ohio supreme court in 
1895, all of which positions he still held in 1903. 
He became well-known as a lecturer and writer, 
and was elected a member of the American His- 
torical association, American Bar association and 
other national and state organizations. He edited 
the Ohio Archceological and Historical Quarterly 
from 1897; was associate editor of the Bench and 
Bar of Ohio (2 vols., 1898); and editor of the 
publications of the Ohio State Archeological and 
Historical society (7 vols., 1895-1902) and of four- 
teen volumes of Ohio state reports of the supreme 
court decisions (1895, et seq.). He is the author 
of: The House Handsome (1885); History of Blen- 
nerhassett (1889) ; History of the Separatist So- 
ciety of Zoar (1899). 





[400] 


RANDALL 


RANDALL, George M., soldier, was born in 
Ohio. Oct. 8, 1841. He entered the volunteer 
army as a private in the 4th Pennsylvania in- 
fantry, April 20, 1861, and was discharged July 
25, 1861; was appointed 2d leutenant in the 4th 
U.S. infantry, Oct. 24, 1861; was brevetted cap- 
tain U.S.A., Sept. 17, 1862, for gallant and meri- 
torious services at the battle of Antietam, Md. ; 
was appointed tst lieutenant in the 4th U.S. in- 
fantry, Nov. 6, 1862; and captain Sept. 25, 1865. 
He was appointed major of the 14th N.Y. artil- 
lery, Aug. 16, 1864: led his command in the first 
division, 9th army corps, at the battles of Peters- 
burg and Richmond, and was _ brevetted lieu- 
tenant-colonel and colonel U.S.V., March 26, 
1865, for gallantry in the attack on Fort Steed- 
man, Va. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel 
June 1, 1865, and honorably mustered out of the 
volunteer service Aug. 26, 1865. He was brevetted 
major U.S.A. April 2, 1865, for gallant and meri- 
torious conduct in front of Petersburg, Va. ; was 
appointed captain U.S.A., Sept. 23, 1865. He was 
without assignment from March 23, 1869, to Jan. 
1, 1871, when he was assigned to the 23d U.S. 
infantry, and took part in the campaign against 
the Indians. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel 
U.S.A., Feb.27, 1890, for gallant services in actions 
against Indians at Turret Mountain, Arizona, 
March 27, 1873, and at Diamond Butte, Arizona, 
April 22, 1873 ; and colonel Feb. 27, 1890, for gal- 
lant services in action against the Indians near 
Pinal, Arizona, March 8, 1874, and distinguished 
services during the campaign against the Indians 
in Arizona in 1874. He was appointed major of 
4th U.S. infantry, Jan. 15, 1891 ; lieutenant- 
colonel of the 8th U.S. infantry, March 1, 1894; 
colonel of 17th U.S. infantry Aug. 8, 1898, and 
was transferred to the 8th U.S. infantry, Sept. 
16, 1898. He commanded a picked detachment 
of the 8th infantry, which was sent to Alaska in 
1897, soon after the outbreak of the gold fever, 
and when the military department of the terri- 
tory of Alaska was created, he was appointed 
brigadier-general U.S.V., Jan. 20, 1900, and 
assigned to the command of the department, 
which command he vacated March 5, 1901. On 
Feb. 6, 1901, he was commissioned brigadier- 
general U.S.A., and assigned to the department 
of the Columbia with headquarters at Vancouver 
barracks, Wash., which post he accepted March 
5, 1901. 

RANDALL, George Maxwell, first missionary 
bishop of Colorado, and 77th in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born in Warren, R.L., 
Noy. 23, 1810, son of Samuel and Martha (Max- 
well) Randall. He obtained employment in a 
printing office, but later decided on a professional 
life and was graduated from Brown university, 
A.B., 1835, A.M., 1838, and from the General 


hy ots" 


ie » 








































RANDALL 


Theological seminary, N.Y., in 1838. He was 
ordered deacon July 17, 1838, and ordained priest 
Nov. 2, 1889. He was married in May, 1839, to 
Eliza. daughter of Lewis Hoar of Warren. He 
was rector of the Church of the Ascension, Fall 
River, Mass., 1838-44, and of the Church of the 
ssiah, Breton, 1844-66. He was a member of 
‘the school committee of Boston ; secretary of the 
eneral convention, a member of the standing 
‘committee of the diocese of Massachusetts, 1850- 
69, and for many years edited the Christian Wit- 
ess, the representative organ of the church in 
yew England. He waselected missionary bishop 
of Colorado with jurisdiction in adjacent terri- 
tories (Wyoming and New Mexico) in 1865, and 
‘was consecrated Dec. 28, 1865, by Bishops Hop- 
kins, Smith and Eastburn, assisted by Bishops 
Chase, Clark, Vail, and Staley of Honolulu. When 
he entered upon the charge of his episcopal 
duties, there were but two parishes in the diocese, 
and at the end of seven years’ work, the par- 
-ishes had increased to twenty-four, with twenty 
churches and a theological school. He promoted 
good will toward the Indians and was closely 
identified with the progress of civilization. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by 
Brown university in 1856. He is the author of: 
Why Iam a Churehman, and Observation on 
_ Confirmation (1868). He died in Denver, Colo- 
rado Territory, Sept. 28, 1873. 

_ RANDALL, James Ryder, poet and journalist, 
was born in Baltimore, Md., Jan. 1, 1839; son of 
John Killen and Ruth Maria (Hooper) Randall ; 
grandson of John and Caroline Randall and of 
_ Robert and Margaret Hooper; great-grandson of 
the celebrated Robert 
Hooper, known as 
“King” Hooper of 
Marblehead, Mass., 
and a descendant ma- 
ternally of the people 
of ‘‘ Evangeline,” the 
French of Acadie, 
who were driven from 
Nova Scotia by the 
yy ' British. He was ed- 
ucated by private tu- 
tors, and at George- 
town college, D.C., 
1849-56; was em- 
ployed as a clerk in 
a Baltimore book 
store ; taught school in Florida, and removed to 
oiistann, where he became clerk to a shipping 
merchant. He was professor of English and the 
ics in Poydras college, Pointe Coupeé parish, 
ane and contributed poems to the New 
ans Sunday Delta. His most famous poem, 

iinryiand” which he wrote after reading 


- 


RANDALL 


the news of the passage of the Massachusetts vol- 
unteers through the streets of Baltimore, became 
popular throughout the South and gained him an 
international reputation. It was set to music by 
Mrs. Hettie (Cary) Martin of Baltimore to the 
German air ‘‘ Tannebaum.” He was married in 
December, 1864, to Katherine, daughter of Mar- 
cus and Harriet Hammond, and removed to Au- 
gusta, Ga., where he became editor of the Con- 
stitutionalist and subsequently of the Chronicle, 
of both of which papers he was the Washington 
correspondent during the successive sessions of 
congress. The honorary degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred on him by the University of Notre Dame, 
Ind., in 1899. Among his other poems are: Tle 
Cameo Bracelet; The Lone Sentry ; Arlington ; 
There's Life in the Old Land yet ; The Battle Cry 
of the South; Stonewall Vackrons Eidolon; At 
Arlington ; John Petham and Why the Robin's 
Breast is Red. 

RANDALL, Robert Richard, philanthropist, 
was born in New Jersey about 1740; son of 
Thomas Randall, a member of the committee of 
100 chosen to control the affairs of the city of 
New York in 1775. He went to sea as a boy and 
became master of a ship. In 1771 he was a mem- 
ber of the marine society of New York for the re- 
lief of indigent masters of vessels, their widows 
and orphan children. He was a member of the 
chamber of commerce of the state of New York in 
1780, and in 1790 he purchased from Baron Poel- 
nitz the property above Canal street in New York 
city known as Minthorn, consisting of twenty- 
one acres of land. This, with four other lots of 
land in New York city, and stocks amounting to 
$10,000, he bequeathed to found a home for sailors 
to be known as Sailors’ Snug Harbor. On ac- 
count of lawsuits the property was not available 
to his executors until 1831. Meanwhile, the 
growth of the city made it advisable to locate 
the home in a more quiet section, and Staten Is- 
land was selected and a site purchased near New 
Brighton. In October, 1831, the corner stone of 
the main building was laid, and the rents from 
the lands in New York city produced a large 
yearly income for the support of the institution. 
In 1834 Randall’s remains were removed to Sailors’ 
Snug Harbor, and in 1884 a heroic statue by St. 
Gaudens was unveiled in front of the main build- 
ing. He died in New York city, June 5, 1801. 

RANDALL, Samuel Jackson, representative, 
was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 10, 1828 ; son 
of Josiah and Ann (Worrell) Randall, and grand- 
son of Joseph Worrell, a well known political 
leader of the Jefferson school. He attended the 
University academy at Philadelphia, Pa., en- 
gaged in mercantile business, and devoted him- 
self to politics. He was a member of the city 
council for four years, and of the state senate, 


[401] 


RANDOLPH 


1858-59. In 1861 as a member of the first city 
troop of Philadelphia, he went to the front for 
three months, and in 1863, upon Lee's invasion of 
Pennsylvania, he again served as captain of a 
company, being promoted provost-marshal dur- 
ing the battle of Gettysburg. He was the Demo- 
cratic representative from the third district of 
Pennsylvania in the 88th-51st congresses, 1863-90, 
and during the 48d congress, when the force bill 
was introduced, he led the opposition and suc- 
ceeded in preventing its passage. He succeeded 
Michael C. Kerr as speaker of the house in 1875, 
and was re-elected by the 45th and 46th congresses, 
1877-81. He was married to a daughter of Gen. 
Aaron Ward of Sing Sing, N.Y. He died in 
Washington, D.C., April 12, 1890. 

RANDOLPH, Alfred Magill, first bishop of 
Southern Virginia and 182d in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born at ‘* The Mead- 
ows,” the estate of John Magill near Winchester, 
Va., Aug. 31, 1836; son of Robert Lee and Mary 
Buckner Thruston (Magill) Randolph; grandson 
of Col. Robert and Eliza (Carter) Randolph and 
of Col. Charles and Mary (Thruston) Magill, and 
a descendant of William Randolph of Turkey 
Island, Va.. who came from Warwickshire, Eng- 
Jand, arriving in Jamestown, Va., in 1674. He 
was graduated from William and Mary college, 
A.B., 1855, A.M., 1858, and from the Virginia The- 
ological seminary in 1858; was admitted to the 
diaconate in 1858 and advanced to the priesthood 
in 1860. He wasmarried, April 27, 1859, to Sallie 
Griffith, daughter of Dr. Wiliam and Eliza (Grif- 
fith) Hoxton of Alexandria, Va., and great-grand- 
daughter of the Rev. Dr. David Griffith (q.v.). 
He was the rector of St. George’s, Fredericksburg, 
Va., 1862-63 ; chaplain in the Confederate army, 
1862-65; rector of Christ church, Alexandria, 
Va., 1866-67 ; of Emanuel church, Baltimore, Md., 
1867-88, and was elected bishop coadjutor of 
Virginia in 1883. He was consecrated, Oct. 21, 
1883, by Bishops Williams, Howe, Dudley, Perry, 
Alexander Burgess and Peterkin. Upon the divi- 
sion of the diocese of Virginia in 1892 he became 
the first bishop of the diocese of Southern Virginia 
and made Norfolk the see city. He received the 
degree of D.D. from William and Mary college in 
1876; that of LL.D. from Washington and Lee 
university in 1887 and that of D.C.L. from the 
University of the South in 1902. 

RANDOLPH, Beverly, governor of Virginia, 
was born in Chatsworth, Henrico county, Va., in 
1754; son of Col. Peter and Lucy (Bolling) Ran- 
dolph. His father was surveyor of customs of 
North America in 1749 and a member of the Vir- 
ginia house of burgesses for many years. He was 
graduated from the College of William and Mary 
in 1771, and during the Revolution served as a 
member of the general assembly of Virginia and 


RANDOLPH 


upheld the patriot cause. He was president of 
the executive council of Virginia, 1787-88, and 
succeeded Edmund Randolph as governor of the 
state, serving, 1788-81. He was appointed a visi- 
tor of the College of William and Mary in 1784. 
He died at Green Creek, Cumberland, Va., in 1797. 

RANDOLPH, Edmund (Jennings), cabinet 
officer, was born in Williamsburg, Va., Aug. 10, 
1753; son of John Randolph (1727-1784) king’s 
attorney, 1766-75. He was graduated at the Col- 
lege of William and Mary, and studied law with 
his father. He remained in Virginia when his 
father fled to England in 1775, and Washington 
made him a member of his own family, and his 
aide-de-camp, Aug. 15, 1775. On the sudden 
death of his uncle Peyton he returned to Wil- 
liamsburg to care for the estate, and was married 
to a daughter of R. C. Nicholas. He was a 
member of the committee of 1776, where he 
assisted in passing the bill of rights, and in fram- 
ing the constitution for Virginia. He was elected 
attorney-general of the state, under the new 
constitution, and was also mayor of Williams- 
burg. He was a delegate to the Continental 
congress, 1779-82, where he had a place in the 
committee on foreign affairs. He resigned his 
seat in 1782, and devoted himself to the care of 
his estate inherited from his uncle, Peyton 
Randolph, which was subject to the debts of his 
father who died in England in 1783, which debts 
he paid out of his practice of the law. He was 
appointed a commissioner from Virginia to the 
Annopolis convention, and asa member of that 
body urged the calling by congress of a constitu- 
tional convention. He was governor of Virginia, 
1786-88, and leader of the Virginia delegation to 
the constitutional convention of 1787, when he 
introduced the general plan of the instrument as 
had been agreed upon, and prepared another plan 
which he did not introduce, but which was 
found among the papers of George Mason in 1887, 
and brought to light by M. D. Conway. He op- 
posed a single executive, preferring an executive 
commission ; opposed re-elegibility of the Pres- 
ident, and his holding pardoning power, the 
vice-presidential office, and states having two 
senators irrespective of their population ; and 
favored the giving of powers to the Federal gov- 
ernment sufficient to prevent any state from 
carrying out a law declared by the supreme 
court to be unconstitutional. It was this motion 
that eliminated the word ‘ slavery” from the 
constitution. He refused to sign the instrument 
as prepared, unless a second national convention 
should act on it after it had been discussed by 
the people. In the Virginia convention of 1788, 
however, he advocated its ratification as necessary 
to union, claiming that by so doing Virginia 
could secure needed amendments. The clause of 


[402] 


_ 


i 118 


ieee eras 








RANDOLPH 









































. VI. on religious tests was added at his sug- 
ion before the adoption. He resigned as 
vernor in 1788, and secured a seat in the as- 
‘sembly that he might take part in codifying the 
laws of the state, the code published in 1794 being 
the result. On Sept. 27, 1789, he was named by 
President Washington as attorney-general in his 
cabinet, and he served until Jan. 2, 1794, when he 
‘succeeded Thomas Jefferson as secretary of state, 
and was succeeded by William Bradford of Penn- 
sylvania, as attorney-general. He opposed the 
signing of the Jay treaty unless the clause per- 
-mitting the search of neutral ships was revoked, 
and the President promised to withhold his signa- 
ture, but when Randolph was charged by Fau- 
ehet with being purchasable, in a dispatch of the 
French minister to his home government, which 
- dispatch was intercepted and sent to the English 
minister Hammond in Philadelphia, Washington 
signed the treaty, and Randolph resigned his 
_ portfolio. protesting his innocence, and followed 
the recalled French minister to Newport, R.1., 
where he obtained from him a full retraction of 
the false charge and wrote his ‘‘ Vindication.” 
In the interim the President did not withhold 
from his former secretary of state his personal 
regard, visiting him at his house on several 
occasions, and twice giving him the place of 
honor at the executive table. In 1888 a dispatch 
was foundin Paris written by Fauchet which 
conclusively disproved the charge of intrigue 
“made against Randolph. He resumed the practice 
of law in Richmond, Va. An account was made 
up against him of $49,000 for moneys placed 
n his hands to defray the expenses of foreign in- 
te ercourse, and as he was held responsible for all 
~ i. lost through accidents and other calami- 
s, after repeated trials and arbitration, his 
J ands and slaves were sold, the government gain- 
jin ng besides the debt and interest, about $7000. 
‘He appeared as counsel for Aaron Burr in his 
trial for treason in Richmond. He is the author 
SR iscoipr Societies (1795); Vindication of 
r. Randolpl’s Resignation (1795); Political 
th, or Animadversions on the Past and Present 
; ate of Public Affairs (1796), and History of 
vi rginia (MS. in possession of Virginia His- 
torical society). Moncure D. Conway published 
3 Omitted Chapters of History disclosed in the 
Life and Papers of Edmund Randolph” (1888); 
and an article published in Lippincott’s Magazine 
=. pee eptember, 1887, entitled *‘A Suppressed 
fatesman.” His son, Peyton Randolph (1779- 
8), married Maria Ward, and was the author 
* Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of 
zinia ” (6 vols., 1823-32). Edmund Randolph 
aie Clarke county, Va.. Sept. 13, 1813. 
ANDOLPH, George Wythe, cabinet officer, 
was born at Monticello, Va., March 10, 1818 ; son 


RANDOLPH 


of Gov. Thomas Mann and Martha (Jefferson ) 
Randolph. He attended school at Cambridge, 
Mass., while under the care of his brother-in-law, 
Joseph Coolidge of 
Boston, and in 1831 
was warranted mid- 
shipman in the U.S. 
navy. He was given 
leave of absence in 
18837, to attend the 
University of Vir- 
ginia, where he 
studied two years. 
In 1889 he resigned 
his commission in 
the navy, and after 
studying law, prac- 
tised in Richmond. 
He was one of the 
commissioners sent 
by the state of Virginia to confer with Abraham 
Lincoln at his home in Springfield, with the 
hope of maintaining peace. He raised a com- 
pany of artillery at the time of the John Brown 
raid, and the organization then known as the 
Virginia Howitzer Battalion, Maj. George W. 
Randolph, was attached to Magruder’s force in 
the battle of Big Bethel, Va., June 10, 1861. He 
was commissioned brigadier-general, and com- 
mandeda brigade in Magruder’s army until 
March 17, 1862, when President Davis appointed 
him secretary of war in his cabinet to succeed 
Judah P. Benjamin, transferred to the state 
department. The question of the use of hidden 
shells as charged against the Confederate troops 
at the evacution of Yorktown, led to his decision 
that it was not admissible in civilized warfare 
to take life with no other object than the destrue- 
tion of life, but that planting shells was ad- 
missible on the parapet of a fort to prevent its 
capture or on the trail of a retreating army to 
save the army. He resigned his seat in the 
cabinet of President Davis, Nov. 17, 1862, and 
returned to the army, but was forced to resign 
and seek relief from a pulmonary complaint by 
running the blockade and living in Southern 
France. He returned to Virginia several years 
after the close of the war, and died at Edgar Hill, 
Va., April 10, 1878. 

RANDOLPH, Harrison, educator, was born in 
New Orleans, La., Dec. 8, 1871; son of John 
Field and Virginia Dashiell (Bayard) Randolph ; 
grandson of Edward and Margaret (Turnbull) 
Randolph of Petersburg, Va..and of Samuel 
John and Jane Winder (Dashiell) Bayard. and a 
descendant of William Randolph of Turkey Is- 
land, Virginia (born in Warwickshire, England, 
and came to America. arriving at Jamestown, 
Va., in 1674); and of Peter Bayard of Bohemia 





[403] 


RANDOLPH 


Manor, Cecil county, Maryland; son of Samuel 
and Anna (Stuyvesant) Bayard, born in Holland, 
who came to New York with his uncle, Peter 
Stuyvesant, in 1647. He was graduated from 
the University of Virginia, A.B., A.M., 1892; 
was instructor of mathematics in the university, 
1890-95 ; professor of mathematics in the Uni- 
versity of Arkansas, 1895-97, and in 1897 was 
elected president of the College of Charleston, 
which position he still held in 1903. He received 
the honorary degree of LL.D. from Washington 
and Lee university, Lexington, Va., in 1899. 

RANDOLPH, James Fitz, representative, was 
born in Middlesex county, N.J., June 26, 1791; 
a descendant of Edward Fitz Randolph, who 
emigrated to America from England in 1630. He 
received a common school education, served as 
apprentice in a printing office, and was one of 
the editors of the New Brunswick weekly 
Fredonia, 1812-42. He was U.S. collector of in- 
ternal revenue, 1815-46; clerk of the court of 
common pleas for Middlesex county, and a rep- 
resentative in the state legislature for two years. 
He was a Democratic representative in the 20th, 
2ist and 22d congresses, 1828-33, having been 
elected in 1828 to filla vacancy caused by the 
death of George Holcombe (q.v.). He died in 
Jersey City, N.J., March 19, 1871. 

RANDOLPH, John, statesman, was born in 
Cawsons, Va., June 2, 1773; son of Richard of 
Curles, and Frances (Bland) Randolpb; grand- 
son of Richard Randolph (1691-1748); great-grand- 
son of Col. William, the immigrant, and Mary 
(Isham) Randolph of Turkey Island. William 
Randolph, the immigrant, came from Warwick- 
shire, England, to Virginia in 1674. Richard 
Randolph of Curles died in 1775, and Frances 
(Bland) Randolph married secondly in 1788, St. 
George Tucker (q.v.).. John Randolph was in- 
structed by his mother and stepfather ; attended 
Walker Murray’s school in Orange county ; the 
grammar school of the College of William and 
Mary : the College of New Jersey, 1787-88 ; Colum- 
bia college, 1788-89; was present in New York, 
April 30, 1789, at the inauguration of President 
Washington, and studied law with his second cou- 
sin, Edmund Randolph (q.v.) in Philadelphia, also 
attending lectures on anatomy and physiology. 
In 1795 he returned to Virginia and made his 
home at ‘‘ Bizarre,” the family mansion occupied 
by his brother Richard, and where Richard died in 
796. Hethus became the head of the house- 
hold, but does not appear to have practised law 
except to the extent of defending in the Federal 
courts his rights to his portion of the Randolph 
estate. He opposed Patrick Henry as a candi- 
date for representative in the 6th congress, but 
was defeated. When Henry died, June 6, 1799, 
without taking his seat, Randolph was elected 


RANDOLPH 


and was a representative from Virginia in the 
6th-12th congresses, 1799-1813, serving as chair- 
man of the committee on ways and means and 
being a leader of the Republican party in the 
house. He favored the reduction of the army 
and spoke of the men making it up as ‘* merce- 
naries and hirelings,”” which resulted in his being 
insulted and jostled by two marine officers at the 
theatre. In a note addressed to the President 
asking for protection against such insults, he ad- 
dressed him as ‘‘ President of the United States” 
and signed himself ‘‘ With respect, your fellow- 
citizen, John Randolph.” President Adams pre- 
sented the note to the house for its consideration 
as ‘‘a breach of representative privilege.” A 
deadlock resulted and the question was left un- 
decided. Randolph was a powerful orator, and 
opposed every public wrong, the Yazoo fraud 
being passed in his absence. He defended Jeffer- 
son in the purchase of Louisiana, on constitutional 
grounds; and advocated an embargo, but soon 
discovering his error, admitted his mistake and 
voted against the measure. He favored James 
Monroe as presidential candidate to succeed Mr. 
Jefferson in 1808, and opposed the war of 1812 
and the policy of President Madison, which made 
an enemy of Monroe who had been chosen secre- 
tary of state. This cost him his re-election to 
congress in 1812, and he retired to Roanoke. He 
was, however, returned as a representative in the 
-14th, 16th, 17th and 18th congresses, 1815-17 and 
1819-25, and became the founder of a powerful 
state rights party, and an ultra Anglomaniac. 
He hated slavery and his duty to his creditors 
was the only bar to the liberation of the slaves 
owned by him, during his lifetime. He opposed 
the Missouri compromise, and likewise the doc- 
trines of Calhoun, for whom he had no respect. 
In December, 1824, he was elected to the United 
States senate to fill the vacancy caused by the 
resignation of Senator Barbour, and completed 
his term, March 3, 1827. While in the senate 
Clay challenged him for the use of offensive 
language in a speech, and a duel followed, April 
8. 1826, in which neither was hurt. He failed to 
be re-elected to the U.S. senate. He was a 
member of the state constitutional committee 
of 1829, and as a reward for his support of Jack- 
son for the presidency in 1828, he was appointed 
U.S. minister to Russia in 1830, but resigned in 
1831 and returned to the United States. He 
disagreed with the President on the question of 
nullification in 1832, which doctrines he had at 
first opposed. In 1833 he made preparations for 
asecond visit to Europe for the benefit of his 
health, seriously threatened by consumption, but 
only lived toreach Philadelphia. He was declared 
of unsound mind when he made his last will, 
executed in 1832, and a former will made in 1821, 


{404} 











RANDOLPH 












































iit erating his slaves and providing for their 
colonization, was sustained. He is the author 
of: Letters to a Young Relative (1834). Hugh 
4 Garland wrote: ‘‘ Life of John Randolph” (2 
yols., 1850), and Henry Adams, “John Ran- 
dolph” (American Statesmen Series, 1882). He 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., May 24, 1833. 

~ RANDOLPH, Joseph Fitz, representative, was 
born in Monmouth county, N.J., in 1803. He 
received a common school education ; 
mitted to the bar in 1825; practiced in Freehold, 
and was appointed prosecuting attorney for Mon- 
mouth county. He was a Whig representative 
from Freehold in the 25th congress, 1837-39, 
and from New Brunswick in the 26th and 27th 
~ congresses, 1839-43, serving as chairman of the 
‘committee on Revolutionary claims. He was a 
member of the state constitutional convention in 
1844; judge of the supreme court of New Jersey, 
1845-52; resumed the practice of his profession 
r n Trenton in 1852; was a member of the Peace 
conference at Washington, D.C., in 1861, and 
Piubsequently removed to Jersey City, N.J., where 
he died, March 20, 1873. 

ell Peyton, first president of con- 
ress, was born at Tazewell Hall, Williamsburg, 
NY Va.,in 1721; son of Sir John Randolph (1693- 
1737), king’s attorney, speaker of the house of 
burgesses of Virginia and recorder of Norfolk, 
and grandson of William Randolph, the immi- 
grant. He was graduated at the College of 
William and Mary; studied law at the Inner 
Temple, London, England, and was appointed 
ting’s attorney for Virginia in 1748, and the 
same year represented Williamsburg in the house 
of burgesses. He went to London in 1754, by 
direction of the burgesses, without the consent 
of Governor Dinwiddie, and obtained the re- 
moval of the pistole fee from all lands of less 
one hundred acres in extent. During 
absence the governor suspended the absent 
rney, and appointed George Wythe in his 
, who, however, accepted the office only to 
d it for the return of Randolph, who was 
stated in 1754. He was chairman of the 
nmittee appointed to revise the laws of Vir- 
ginia, and in 1758 was appointed a visitor of the 
Co Boece of William and Mary. He drew up the 
monstrances of the burgesses against the pro- 
. sed stamp act in 1764; was appointed speaker 
of the house in 1766, and thereupon resigned his 
office as king’s attorney and was placed at the 
dof all the important committees requiring 
al knowledge. He also served as chairman of 
committee of correspondence for May, 1773: 

resident of the convention of August, 1774, 
was the first of the seven deputies appointed 
@ proposed Continental congress by that 
He issued the call to the citizens of 


than 


was ad-. 


RANDOLPH 


Williamsburg to assemble at their courthouse. 
discuss the action of the convention and instruct 
the deputies, and presided over the meeting, for 
this action being named as one of the citizens of 
Virginia to be attainted by Parliament. When 
the Continental congress assembled in Philadel- 
phia, Sept. 5, 1774, he was unanimously elected 
president of the first congress, which office he 
held until Oct. 22, 1774, when he resigned and 
was succeeded by Henry Middleton of South 
Carolina. On Jan. 20, 1775, he called a conven- 
tion to meet at Richmond, Va., March 21, 1775, 
and was elected a delegate to the convention, 
Feb. 4, 1775. He prevented aggressive measures 
on the part of the patriots when Lord Dunmore, 
on April 20, 1775, removed the gunpowder from 
the public magazine at Williamsburg, and 
through the medium of his brother, John Ran- 
dolph (1727-1784), he obtained £300 from Lord 
Dunmore to pay for the powder. He met with 
the house of burgesses in May, 1775, and presided 
until adjournment, when he returned to Philadel- 
phia, and was elected speaker of the second con- 
gress that assembled May 10. Owing to illness he 
was obliged to resign, and John Hancock assumed 
the presidency of congress, May 24, 1775. He 
married a sister of Benjamin Harrison, governor 
of Virginia. but left no children. His body rests 
under the chapel of the College of William and 
Mary. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Oct, 22, 1775. 

RANDOLPH, Sarah Nicholas, author, was 
born at Edge Hill, Charlottesville, Va., Oct. 12, 
1839; daughter of Thomas Jefferson and Jane 
Hollins (Nicholas) Randolph. She established a 


school for young ladies at Edge Hill, which 
became celebrated, and she was afterward 
principal of Patapsco institute, which was 


transferred to Baltimore, and became the 
Sarah Randolph school. She is the author of: 
Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson (1871); The 
Lord Will Provide (1872); Life of Stonewall 
Jackson (1876) ; Martha Jefferson Randolph, in 
Wister’s ‘‘ Famous Women of the Revolution” 
(1876) ; The Kentucky Resolutions in a New Light 
(Nation, May 5, 1887), and other articles. She 
died in Baltimore, Md., April 25, 1892. 
RANDOLPH, Theodore Frelinghuysen, gov- 
ernor of New Jersey, was born in New Bruns- 
wick, N.J., June 24, 1816; son of James Fitz 
Randolph (q.v.). He attended the Rutgers 
grammar school, and in 1840 removed to Vicks- 
burg, Miss., where he engaged in mercantile pur- 
suits. He was married in 1851 to Fanny F., 
daughter of N. D. Colman of Kentucky, and in 
1852 returned to New Jersey, settling in Jersey 
City. He became interested in the mining and 
transportation of coal and of iron and ores, and 
was for many years president of the Morris and 
Essex railroad. He was a representative in the 


[405] 


RANDOLPH 


state legislature, 1859-61; was elected state senator 
in 1862 to fill a vacancy, and was re-elected for 
the full term, serving, 1862-65. 
bill providing for a state comptroller, and in 1865 
removed to Morristown, N.J. He was governor 

Z of New Jersey, 1869-72, and 
during hisadministration the 
State riparian commission 
was established ; the Camden 
and Amboy monopoly tax was 
repealed; the Morris Plains 
lunatic asylum was con- 
structed, and on the anniver- 
sary of the battle of the Boyne, July 12, 1871, he is- 
sued a proclamation, insuring the right of parade 
to the Orangemen of New Jersey, giving them 
state protection, and thus avoiding a riot similar to 
the one that occurred in New York city the same 
day. He was U.S. senator from New Jersey, 
1875-81. He was a delegate to the Democratic 
national conventions of 1864-72; chairman of 
the Democratic national committee ; a trustee 
of Rutgers college, and one of the founders and 
president of the Washington Headquarters asso- 
ciation of Morristown, N.J. He died in Morris- 
town, N.J., Nov. 7, 1883. 

RANDOLPH, Thomas Jefferson, literarian, 
was born at Monticello, Va., Sept. 12, 1792; son of 
Gov. Thomas Mann (q.v.) and Martha (Jefferson) 
Randolph. He was sent to school in Philadel- 
phia, 1807-10, gained his further education in the 
library of his grandfather, largely collected in 
Europe, and was married in 1824, to Jane Hol- 
lins, daughter of Gov. Wilson Cary Nicholas 
(q.v.). He became literary executor of his 
grandfather, as well as the superintendent of his 
estates, from the proceeds of the cultivation of 
which he discharged financial obligations of his 
grandfather to the extent of $40,000, satisfying 
every claim, besides supporting and educating his 
own brothers and sisters and starting them in 
life, and bringing up and giving the best advan- 
tages of education to his twelve children. He 
was a representative in the state legislature, 
and in 1882 introduced a bill for emancipation 
on the post-natal plan suggested by Jefferson, 
and secured the passage of the tax bill in 1842, 
which placed the state on a firm financial basis. 
He was also a member of the state constitu- 
tional convention of 1851-52, and for seven years 
rector of the University of Virginia, having been 
on its board of visitors for thirty-one years. His 
antislavery views prevented his political advance- 
mentin Virginia. After the war he was influential 
in securing the restoration of the financial and 
agricultural prosperity of the state. He was 
chairman of the Democratic national convention 
at Baltimore in 1872. He is the author of : Life 
and Correspondence of Thomas Jefferson (4 vols., 





He introduced a 


RANEY 


1829); Sixty Years Reminiscences of the Currency 
of the United States (1842). He died at Edge 
Hill, Albemarle city, Va., Oct. 8, 1875. 
RANDOLPH, Thomas Mann, governor of 
Virginia, was born at Tuckahoe, on James river, 
Va.. Oct. 1, 1768 ; son of Thomas Mann and Anne 
(Cary) Randolph, and grandson of William Ran- 
dolph of Tuckahoe and of Col. Archibald Cary. 
He was educated at Edinburgh university, 1785- 
88, and by Sir John Leslie, who returned with 
him and his brother to Virginia, and was a tutor 
in his father’s family. He visited Thomas Jeffer- 
son in Paris, and there met Martha Jefferson, to 
whom he was married, Feb. 28, 1790, at Monti- 
cello, and continued his studies in Jefferson’s 
library at Monticello. He was a representative 
from Virginia in the 8th and 9th congresses, 
1808-07, and while in congress came in contact 
with John Randolph of Roanoke, in debate, with 
the result that preliminaries for a duel were ar- 
ranged, which was, however, prevented. While 
in congress he resided with his wife in the White 
House. He joined the army in 1812 as lieutenant 
of light artillery; was ordered to the Canada 
frontier as captain in the 20th U.S. infantry; 
quarrelled with General Armstrong, and resigned 
from the army, Feb. 6, 1815. He was elected 
governor of Virginia in 1818,+serving, 1819-21. 
He died at Monticello, Va., June 20, 1828. 
RANEY, George Pettus, jurist, was born at 
Apalachicola, Fla., Oct. 11, 1845; son of David 
Greenway and Frances Harriet (Jordan) Raney ; 
grandson of William and Rebecca (Abernathy) 
Raney, and of Miles and Hariot (Pettus) Jordan. 
He was educated in the schools of his native 
town, and entered the University of Virginia in 
1863 ; was in the Confederate army from Septem- 
ber, 1863, till the close of the civil war; studied 
law at the University of Virginia in 1866-67 ; was 
addmitted to the bar in 1867, and practised his 
profession at Apalachicola until he moved to 
Tallahassee in the latter part of 1869. He was a 
member of the Florida legislature, 1868-70; a 


member of the Democratic state executive com- 


mittee, 1876-80; attorney-general of Florida, 
1877-85 ; reporter of the decisions of the state 
supreme court, 1877-85; associate justice of the 
state supreme court, 1885-89, and chief justice, 
1889-94, when he resigned and returned to the 
practice of law at Tallahassee. He was a pres- 
idential elector, 1896 ; a member of the state leg- 
islature from Leon county, 1899-1902, and a 
member of the Democratic national committee 
for 1900-04. He was married twice : first, in 
November, 1873, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of 
Thompson Byrd and Sarah (Bailey) Lamar, who 
died in 1900, and secondly, in November, 1901, to 
Evelyn Byrd, daughter of Walker Anderson and 
Elizabeth Page (Walker) Cameron. 


[406] 






































RANKIN 


RANKIN, Jeremiah Eames, educator, was 
sn in Thornton, N.H., Jan. 2, 1828; son of the 
Re) . Andrew and Lois (Eames) Rankin; grand- 
m ¢ Andrew and Dolly (French) Rankin, and 
Co |. Jeremiah and Persis (Williams) Eames ; 
great-grandson of 
James and Margaret 
(Witherspoon)  Ran- 
kin, and of Col. Wil- 
liam and Zilpah (Wil- 
der) Williams. His 
great-grandfather, 
James Rankin, a na- 
tive of Paisley, Scot- 
~ land, emigrated from 
' Glasgow to Salem, 
Mass., 1776, and sub- 
sequently settled in 
Thornton, and later 
in Littleton, N.H. 
He was graduated 
from Middlebury col- 
Vermont, A.B., 1848, A.M., 1851; taught 
ics in New London, Conn., 1849-50; in War- 
ren county, Ky., 1848-49: at Middlebury, Vt., 
1850-51 : at. Sanbornton, N.H., 1851-52, and was 
‘auated at Andover Theological seminary in 
4. He was married, Nov. 28, 1854, to Mary 
well, daughter of Cyrus and Adeline (Frink) 
ge of Middlebury, Vt. He was ordained to 
2 Congregational ministry, Feb. 27, 1855 ; was 
oa of Presbyterian churches at Potsdam, 
., 1854-55 ; St. Albans, Vt., 1855-62 ; Low ell, 
1862-64 ; Shariestown, Mass., 1864-69, 
at Washington, D.C., 1869-84, serving as 
haplain of the district senate ; as trustee of 
ard university, Washington, 1870-78, and as 
sor of homiletics and pastoral theology 
re, 1878-84. He was pastor of Orange, N.J., 
), and in 1889 was elected president of 
rd university, accepting the office on Jan. 
0; was a delegate to various Congrega- 
national unions in the United States and 


» 


nd of the Society of the Cincinnati, three 
eived from Middlebury the honorary de- 
.D., 1869, and LL.D., 1889. He statedly 
buted to the Bibliotheca Saera, the Inde- 
it and other religious papers ; was editor of 
m Press ; contributor to Christian Thought ; 
Day and Congregational Review,and wrote 
muns: God be with you till we meet again; 
md Home and Native Land; Keep Your 
Flying ; Why Art Thou Silent, Bethlehem ? 
00p Low To-day, Thou Banner Fair. He 
the author of : Auld Scotch Mither, Ingle- 
R igimes, and Other Poems in the Scotch Dia- 


s ancestors having served in the Revolution. | 


RANKINE 


lect (1873); Ingleside Rhymes (1887); Esther 
Burr’s Journal (1901); translations from the Ger- 
man in ** German-English lyrics”; and the ser- 
mons: Subduing Kingdoms (1881); The Hotel of 
God (1883); Atheism of the Heart (1884) 
Christ His Own Interpreter (1884), 
RANKIN, William Brodshaw, educationist, 
was born in Green county, Tenn., Sept. 3, 1825; 
son of Anthony and Margaret (Grey) Rankin ; 
grandson of William and Sarah (Moore) Rankin, 
natives of Pennsylvania who went to East Ten- 
nessee in 1780, and a descendant of one of three 
brothers, James, John and Hugh Rankin, 
came from Ireland to Philadelphia in 1721; and 
of John Grey whocame from Scotland about 1800. 
He was brought up on a farm and learned black- 
smithing. He was graduated at Amherst, A.B., 
1852, A.M., 1855.; was married at Amity, N.Y., 
Aug. 18, 1852, to Jane, daughter of Daniel and 
Alletta (Edstill) Carpenter; was principal of 
Rhea academy, Greenville, Tenn., 1852-54; pres- 
ident of Greenville college, 1854-58; professor of 
mathematics, Tusculum college, 1859-61; was 
exiled in 1861,and lived in New York state, 1864- 
66. He canvassed the state for Lincoln and 
Johnson in 1864; was principal of the graded 
schools of Wellsville, N.Y., 1864-66 ; returned to 
Tennessee and was ordained Presbyterian min- 
ister in 1866; was president of Washington col- 
lege, Tennessee, 1866-74; aided in organizing the 
public school system of Tennessee ; was siiperin- 
tendent of public instruction for Greene county ; 
assisted Dr. Sears in the distribution of the 
Peabody school fund and in establishing schools 
for freedmen under the U.S. government, and 
was district superintendent of the work of the 
American Bible society in Tennessee and Texas, 
1874-98. He served as financial agent of Wash- 
ington college, 1898-1900, and on June 1, 1900, 
became general secretary of the John C, Martin 
educational fund. He made his residence in 
Austin, Texas, and had his office in New York city. 
He received the honorary degree of D.D. from 
Washington college, Tennessee, 1893. 
RANKINE, ‘James, educator, born in 
Ayrshire, Scotland, Nov. 5, 1827; son of John 
Rankine. He emigrated with his parents from 
Scotland to New York, and settled in Canandaigua. 
He was graduated from Union college, A.B., 
1846, A.M., 1849; was a tutor in Trinity college, 
Hartford, Conn., 1848-51 ; librarian, 1849-52 ; ad- 
junct professor of mathematics, 1851-54, and pro- 
fessor of natural science there, 1592-54. He 
studied at the Berkeley Divinity school in 1850 ; 
was ordained to the P.E. ministry, and subse- 
quently stationed as rector at Windsor, Conn., 
1850-54; at St. Paul’s church, Owego, N.Y., 1854- 
61, and at St. Peter’s church, Geneva, N.Y., 1861- 
96. He was a trustee of Hobart college, 1860-76 ; 


, and 


who 


was 


[497] 


RANNEY 


first rector of De Lancey Divinity school, Geneva, 
N.Y., 1861-96 ; president of Hobart college, Sept. 
7, 1869-July 11, 1871; a trustee of Union college, 
1876-80, and dean of Geneva, 1880-95. He was a 
trustee of the General Theological seminary ; a 
deputy to the general convention and federal 
council, and a member of the ecclesiastical court 
of western New York. He received the honorary 
degree of A.M. from Trinity in 1848, and from 
Hobart in 1857 ; the degree S.T.D. from Hobart 
in 1863, and that of LL.D. from Union in 1895. 
He died in Geneva, N.Y., Dec. 16, 1896. 

RANNEY, Ambrose Arnold, representative, 
was born in Townshend, Vt., April 17, 1821; son 
of Dr. Waitstill R. and Phoebe (Atwood) Ran- 
ney ; grandson of Waitstilland Abigail (Harlow) 
Ranney and a descendant of Thomas Ranney 
(born in Scotland, 1616, and one of the first set- 
tlers of Middletown, Conn.), and Mary (Hub- 
bard) Ranney. His father was a leading far- 
mer and physician of Windham county, and 
lieutenant governor of Vermont for two terms. 
Ambrose attended Townshend academy and was 
graduated from Dartmouth college, N.H., in 
1844. He was principal of Chester academy, 1844— 
46; studied law with Andrew Tracy at Wood- 
stock, Vt.; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and 
after teaching in the Brimmer Street school for 
some months, began practice in Boston. He was 
city solicitor, 1855-57; a representative in the 
state legislature in 1857, 1863 and 1864, and was a 
Republican representative from the third district 
in the 47th, 48th and 49th congresses, 1881-87, 
serving as chairman of special committees on the 
pan-electric schemes. He was married, Dec. 4, 
1850 to Maria D., daughter of Addison and Maria 
(Ingals) Fletcher, and his only son, Fletcher, be- 
came his law partner. He died in Boston, Mass., 
March 5, 1899. 

RANSDELL, Joseph Eugene, representative, 
was born in Alexandria, La., Oct. 7, 1858 ; son of 
John H. and Amanda (Terrell) Ransdell. He 


was graduated from Union college, Schenectady,” 


N.Y., in 1882; was admitted to the bar in June, 
1883, and established himself in practice at Lake 
Providence, La., where he also engaged exten- 
sively in cotton planting. He was married, Nov. 
15, 1885, to Olive Irene Powell of Lake Providence. 
He was district attorney of the eighth judicial 
district of Louisiana, 1884-96; a member of the 
levee board of the Fifth Louisiana levee district, 
1896-99 ; a member of the convention that framed 
the new constitution of the state in 1898, and was 
elected Democratic representative in the 56th 
congress to fill the unexpired term of Samuel T. 
Baird who died, April 22, 1899. He was re-elected 
to the 57th and 58th congresses, 1899-1905, serving 
in 57th congress as a member of the committee 
on rivers and harbors. 


RANSOM 


RANSOM, Epaphroditus, governor of Michi- 
gan, was born in Shelburne Falls, Hampshire 
county, Mass., in February, 1797; son of Maj. 
Ezekiel and — (Fletcher) Ransom and grand- 
son of General Fletcher of Vermont, an officer in 
the Revolutionary war. He 
removed with his parents 
to Townshend, Windham 
county, Vt.; worked on a 
farm in the summer and 
either attended or taught 
school in the winter. He was 
graduated from Chester acad- 
emy, Windham county, Vt.; studied law under 
Judge Taft, at Townshend, and was graduated 
from the law school at Northampton, Mass., in 
1823. He practised in Windham county, and was 
a representative in the state legislature for several 
terms. In 1834 he removed to Michigan and set- 
tled in Kalamazoo, where he established himself 
in practice with Charles E. Stuart. In 1836, upon 
the admission of Michigan into the union, he was 
appointed first judge of the second judicial circuit 
and associate justice of the supreme court of the 
state. He was promoted chief justice in 1848, and 
was governor of the state, 1847. Failing to receive 
a renomination, he retired to private life. He 
was a representative in the state legislature in 
1853, and in 1857 removed to Kansas, where he 
was receiver of the Osage land office. He died at 
Fort Scott, Kan., in November, 1859. 

RANSOM, George Marcellus, naval officer, 
was born in Springfield, N.Y., Jan. 18, 1820. He 
attended the public schools of New York and 
Ohio; was appointed to the U.S. navy as a mid- 
shipman from Ohio, July 25, 1839; served on the 
Marion off the Brazil coast, 1839-42, and on the 
Erie of the Pacific squadron, 1848-44. He was at 
the naval school, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1845; was 
promoted passed midshipman, July 2, 1845 ; was 
stationed at the naval observatory, Washington, 
D.C., 1845-46, and was engaged on the coast of 
Mexico for seven months in 1847. He was again 
stationed at the naval observatory, 1847-48; 
served on the Portsmouth off the coast of Africa, 
1848-50, and on the Relief’, 1851-52. He was pro- 
moted master, June 28, 1853; served on the Michi- 
gan on the lakes, 1853-55; was promoted lieu- 








tenant, Feb. 21, 1854; served on the Perry, Dol-— 


phin and Jamestown off the coast of Africa, 1855— 
57; was on ordnance duty at Boston, Mass., 1857- 
59, and was engaged on the Narragansett and 
Saranac on the Pacific station, 1860-61. He was 
promoted lieutenant-commander, July 16, 1862; 
commander, Jan. 2, 1862, and commanded the 
Kineo of the Western Gulf blockading squadron 
under Farragut in the Mississippi river during 
its various encounters, March and April, 1862. 
He served under Farragut at Forts Jackson and 


[408] 













































RANSOM 


np: ; was in the engagement with the ram 
' Mi sand attacked forces at Grand Gulf, also 
those of Gen. John C. Breckinridge at Baton 
Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1862, and others. He com- 
manded thie Mercedita on special service in the 
West Indies, April to August, 1864; the Grand 
Gulf of the North Atlantic blockading squadron, 
¢ nd Be tared three steamers off the coast of North 
Carolina, 1863-64. He had a general supervision 
of the blockading vessels in the East Gulf squad- 
ron, and commanded the Muscoota and later the 
Algonquin in a trial with the Winooski in Long 
Island sound, January to March, 1866. He was 
sta ‘tioned at League Island, Pa., as executive, 
1867-69 ; was promoted captain, March 2, 1870, 
‘and commanded the iron-clad Terror of the North 
y “Atlantic fleet in 1870. He was executive of the 
New York navy 
yard, 1871-73; 
commander of 
the frigate Col- 
orado of the 
North Atlantic 
fleet, 1873-75, 
and of the frig- 
»—_ate Franklin on 
special service 
from December, 
1876, to March, 
“1877. He was promoted commodore, March 28, 
1877; was in charge of the naval station at Port 
Royal, $.C., 1878-79, and of the navy yard at 
on, eax’ 1879-82. He was retired June 18, 
1882, and died in September, 1889. 
_ RANSOM, Matt Whitaker, senator, was born 
in Warren county, N.C., Oct. 8, 1826; son of 
F obert and Priscilla (Whitaker) Ransom ; grand- 
son of Seymour and Birchett (Green) Ransom, 
and of Matthew Carey and Betsy Anne (Coffield) 
Whitaker, and a grand-nephew of Nathaniel 
Macon of North Carolina. He was graduated 
from the University of North Carolina in 1847, 
lied law and was admitted to the bar. He 
tled in practice in Warrenton, N.C.; was a 
i nig presidential elector in 1852, and attorney- 
eral of North Carolina, 1852-55. He was mar- 
ried, Jan. 19, 1853, to Pattie, daughter of Joseph 
and Lavinia (Roberts) Exum of Northampton 
county, N.C. He wasa Democratic member of 
the general assembly of the state, 1858-60, and a 
peace commissioner from North Carolina to the 
visional Congress of the Southern States at 
ntgomery, Ala., in 1861. He opposed the war, 
D ut supported the withdrawal of his state, and 
ntel the Confederate service as a private, 
to the rank of major-general at Richmond 
). Hecommanded the 35th N.C. regiment in 
om’s brigade, Holmes’s division in Magruder’s 
and in the seven days’ battles before 


I aS. COLORADO. 


RANSOM 


Richmond, being wounded at Malvern Hill, and 
Lieutenant-Colonel Petway, who succeeded to the 
command of the regiment, being killed. He 
commanded a brigade made up of the 24th, 25th, 
sath and 49th regiments and Capt. James R. 
Branch’s Virginia battery in Walker's division of 
Longstreet’s corps, in the Maryland campaign, 
serving under Jackson at Harper's Ferry and 
under Longstreet at Antietam. He was trans- 
ferred with his brigade to North Carolina, where 
he commanded the assaulting column that 
captured Plymouth, April 20, 1864, and was 
hurried to the defence of Petersburg, reaching 
there just in time to assist in the defence of the 
city, and being desperately wounded at Drewry’s 
Bluff, May 14, 1864. In the Appomatox cam- 
paign he commanded a brigade made up of the 
24th, 2th, 85th, 49th and 56th North Carolina 
regiments in Bushrod R. Johnson’s division, R. 
H. Anderson’s corps, and in the final assault on 
Battery IX between Fort Stedman and Fort Me- 
Gilvery in Gordan’s attack at Fort Stedman, 
March 25, 1865. he commanded a division com- 
posed of his own and Wallace’s South Carolina 
brigade, also commanding the same division at 
Five Forks, April 1, 1865. After the surrender, 
he took up his profession in Weldon in 1866. He 
was a Democratic U.S. senator from North 
Carolina, 1871-95; being chairman of the select 
committee on the river front of Washington, in 
the 47th and 48th congresses ; of the committee on 
private land claims in the 49th, 50th, 51st and 
52d congresses, and of the committe on commerce 
in the 538d congress. He was U.S. minister to 
Mexico, 1895-97, and in 1895 retired to private 
life. He was a trustee of the University of North 
Carolina, 1858-65, and received the degree LL.D. 
from there in 1881. 

RANSOM, Robert, soldier, was born in War- 
ren county, N.C., Feb. 12, 1828; son of Robert 
and Priscilla (Whitaker) Ransom, and brother of 
Matt W. Ransom (q.v.). He was graduated at 
the U.S. Military academy, and assigned to the 
1st dragoons, July 1, 1850; was at the cavalry 
school, Carlisle, Pa., 1850-51, and was promoted 
2d lieutenant, Oct. 9, 1851, while on frontier 
service in New Mexico, 1851-54. He was married 
in 1854 to Minnie Huntt of Washington, D.C., 
adopted daughter of General Gibson, of the regular 
army. He was assistant instructor of cavalry 
tactics at West Point, 1854-55; was promoted Ist 
lieutenant and transferred to the Ist U.S. 
cavalry, March 3, 1855, and served as adjutant of 
the regiment at Leavenworth, Kan., 1855-57, 
being engaged in the Sioux expedition and in 
quelling the Kansas disturbances. He was on 
recruiting service, 1857-58; on frontier duty in 
Arkansas, Kansas and Colorado, 1859-61; was 
promoted captain, Jan. 31, 1861, and resigned 


[409] 


RANSOM 


May 24, 1861, to join the Confederate States 
army as captain of cavalry. He was promoted 
colonel of the 1st North Carolina cavalry (9th 
N.C. troops) the same year; brigadier-general, 
March 6, 1862, and major-general, May 26, 1863. 
He defended his native state against the Federal 
army under Burnside early in 1862; was trans- 
ferred to the defence of Richmond, and in the 
seven days’ battles ending July 1, 1862, com- 
manded a brigade in Holmes’s division, Ma- 
gruder’s command. When Lee’s army made the 
first movement into Maryland, his brigade in the 
division of Gen. John G. Walker was ordered to 
co-operate with Gen. T. J. Jackson in the capture 
of Harper’s Ferry. He commanded a division in 
Longstreet’s corps at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 
13, 1862, and held the line on Marye’s Heights 
and the rock wall below it, his division being 
actively engaged in the defence throughout the 
entire battle. He commanded the troops with 
Gen. D. H. Hill, left to defend Richmond during 
Lee’s Pennsylvania campaign in 1863; com- 
manded the department of Southwest Virginia 
in November, 1863; took part in the defence of 
Drewry’s Bluff, May 16, 1864, where his infantry, 
cavalry and artillery made the successful assault 
on Butler’s right, on the 16th, President Davis, in 
his ‘‘ Rise and Fall of the Confederacy,” credit- 
ing him with having saved Pittsburg and Rich- 
mond. The war department then ordered his 
division to the defence of Richmond on May 17, 
and in June, 1864, in the command of the 
cavalry he was with Early and Breckinridge in 
the expedition to capture Washington, D.C. He 
was subsequently given command of the depart- 
ment including South Carolina, Georgia and 
Florida. He was express agent and city marshal 
of Wilmington, N.C., 1866-67; a salesman of 
railroad supplies through the southern states, 
1868-74 ; a farmer in Virginia, 1874-78, and a 
civil engineer employed by the U.S. government 
in various river and harbor improvements in 
North and South Carolina, 1878-92. He is the 
author of: Ransom’s Division at Fredericksburg, 
in “ Battles and Leaders of the Civil War” (Vol. 
III.). He died in Newberne, N.C.. Jan. 14, 1893. 

RANSOM,Thomas Edward Greenfield, soldier, 
was born in Norwich, Vt., Nov. 29, 18384; son of 
Col. Truman Bishop (q.v.) and Margaretta Mor- 
rison (Greenfield) Ransom. He was educated at 
Newbury seminary and at Norwich university, 
1848-51, completing the course in civil engineer- 
ing. He worked for some time with his cousin, 
Benjamin F. Marsh (a graduate of Norwich, 
1837), on the Rutland and Burlington railroad, 
and removed to Peru, Ill., in 1851, where he was 
a civil engineer, 1851-54, and in the real estate 
business, 1854-56, subsequently engaging in the 
latter business in Chicago and in Fayette county, 





RANSOM 


Illinois. He recruited a company for the 11th ; 
Illinois regiment early in 1861 ; was commissioned 
captain, April 26; major, in May, by a vote of - 
the company officers; lieutenant-colonel, July 
30; was wounded while leading a charge at 
Charleston, Mo., Aug. 20; took part in the capture 
of Fort Henry and in the assault upon Fort 
Donelson, where he was again wounded; was 
appointed colonel to succeed W. H. L. Wallace; 
promoted brigadier-general, Feb. 15, 1862, and 
though wounded in the head, he led his regiment 
at Shiloh. He became chief of staff to Gen. J. 
A. McClernand, and inspector-general of the 
Army of the Tennessee in June, 1862. He was 
appointed brigadier-generalin January, 1863, and 
commanded the 2d brigade, 6th division, 17th { 
corps in the Vicksburg campaign, his services in — 
rebuilding the bridge across the Big Black River 
and his energy during the entire siege being 
especially commended by General Grant. He 
commanded a detachment of the 18th corps in 
the expedition to the mouth of the Rio Grande, 
Oct. 26, 1863; captured Fort Esperanza com- 
manding the entrance to Matagorda bay, Dec. 30, 
and in the Red river campaign was seriously 
wounded at Sabine Cross Roads (Mansfield), 
April 8, 1864. He commanded the 4th division, 
and succeeded Gen. G. M. Dodge to the com- 
mand of the 16th corps in the operations about 
Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 19, 1864, General Dodge hav- 
ing been released from the command of the corps 
by reason of wounds received that day. He was 
brevetted major-general of volunteers, Sept. 1, 
1864 ; continued in command of the 16th corps 
until the divisions making it up were merged into 
the 15th and 17th corps when he with his division 
went with the 17th corps and in the absence of 
Gen. Frank P. Blair assumed command about 
Sept. 27. He led the corps in the pursuit of 
Hood’s army, part of the time in an ambulance, 
and then ona stretcher until his fatal illness, | 
broughton by the overwork and exposure, forced . 
him to relinquish his command at Gaylesville, | 
Ala., and while being carried on a stretcher to ; 
Rome, Ga., he died at acomfortable farm house in 
which he was resting. He was buried in Rose Hill 
cemetery, Chicago, Ill., and shortly afterward his 
mother received from President Lincoln hiscom- _ 
mission as major-general of volunteers, which had 
been signed before his death, but was awaiting 
the action of congress. He was unmarried. He | 
was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal | 
church, and took a leading part in the religious % | 
services held in connection with thearmy. Gen- 
eral Howard in General Field orders No. 21, issued | 
| 
| 





from Cedartown, Ga., Nov. 1, 1864, bore testi- 
mony to his noble record, pure and elevated char- 
acter and enthusiasm in his country’s cause. He 
died near Rome, Ga., Oct. 29, 1864. 


[410] 


































RANSOM 


SOM, Truman Bishop, soldier and educa- 
born in Woodstock, Vt., Sept. 20, 1802; 
Lieut. Amasa and Abigail (Root) Ransom ; 
son of George and Anna (Tiffany) Ransom, 
descendant of Joseph Ransom, the immi- 
grant, who settled in 
Lyme, Conn., early 
in the eighteenth cen- 
tury. His father died 
in 1812and he learned 
the trade of chair 
maker and painter, at 


which he worked, 
1815-21, at South 
Woodstock. His 


mother was married, 
Jan. 13, 1822, to Jacob 
KXendall ; she died at 
WNorwieh, .Vt., Jan. 
29, 1841. Ransom 
was graduated from 
a the American Liter- 
ry, Scientific and Military academy (now Nor- 
h University, Northfield, Vt.), 1825, as civil 
neer with high standing as a mathemati- 
. He taught mathematics and music in 
institution (then located in Middletown, 
nn.) 1825-29; helped to establish a school of 
similar character in Orange, N.J., 1829-30; 
second one in Fayetteville, N.C., 1830, and 
erved for a time as instructor in mathematics in 
e U.S. navy. He was married, Feb. 2. 1830, to 
rgaretta Morrison Greenfield of Middletown, 
nn. Their son, Col. Dunbar R. Ransom (1831- 
), Norwich university, 1851, was an officer in 
Federal army in the civil war, and Thomas 
ward Greenfield Ransom (q.v.) was another 
In 1880 Truman B. Ransom became an as- 
t professor in Jefferson college, Washington, 
a leading niilitary college in the south, 
din August, 1882, on the death of President 
hn Holbrook, Capt. Alden Partridge was ap- 
ted his successor, Professor Ransom being 
rovisional charge of the institution until 
vival of the new president. The views of 





oa 


rcised by him, and his residence at the north 
nga great portion of the year, were all ob- 
mable, and he remained only a few months 
ge of the college. Professor Ransom was 
president of Norwich university, and pro- 
rof natural and experimental philosophy, 
ematics and civil engineering, 1834-35; 
ident and professor of natural philosophy, 
ical and military science, political economy, 
gineering and science of government, as 
; to Capt. Alden Partridge, 1843-46, serv- 
s a trustee, 1843-47 ; was major-general of 


RANTOUL 


the Vermont militia, 1836-44 ; Democratic candi- 
date for representative in the 27th congress, 1840, 
and for lieutenant-governor of Vermont, 1846. 
He resigned the presidency of Norwich university 
in 1846 to volunteer in the 6th U.S. regulars, 
Col. Franklin Pierce, for service in the Mexican 
war, and did valuable recruiting service in New 
England. He was commissioned major of the 
9th U.S. infantry, Feb. 16, 1847; promoted lieu- 
tenant-colonel and colonel, March 9, 1847; joined 
General Scott at Puebla, Mexico, Aug. 6, 1847, 
and was killed while leading an assault on the 
west side of the hill crowning the fortress and 
castle of Chapultepec, Sept. 13, 1847. 

RANTOUL, Robert, reformer, was born in 
Salem, Mass., Nov. 23, 1778; son of Robert and 
Mary (Preston) Rantoul. His father, at the age 
of sixteen, emigrated in 1769 from Kinrosshire, 
Scotland, where the family had been domiciled 
since 1360, and settled in Salem, Mass., out of 
which port he commanded privateers and 
merchantmen for William Gray and others, and 
sailing at the age of thirty on a Mediterranean 
voyage was lost at sea, with all on board, when 
in command of the ship Jris. The son engaged 
in business on his own account as a druggist at 
Beverly, Mass., in 1796. He was married. June 
4, 1801, to Joannah, daughter of John and Eliza- 
beth (Herrick) Lovett of Beverly, Mass. He 
was a representative in the state legislature, 
1809-20 and 1828-33, and state senator, 1821-23. 
He was a member of the state constitutional con- 
ventions of 1820 and 1853, and during the war of 
1812 he served in the militia and coast guard, 
1812-15, after which he became a member of the 
Massachusetts Peace society. He was an early 
opponent of the habitual use of strong drink, and 
became a life member of the Massachusetts Tem- 
perence society in 1812. He also opposed the re- 
tention of capital punishment. He was an en- 
thusiastic student and writer of local history. 
He was one of the founders of a charity school 
at Beverly, which was the first Sunday School 
in America. For fifty consecutive years he filled 
a number of parochial and town offices, writing 
the yearly reports to the town of the poor de- 
partment, for half a century, He died in Bev- 
erly, Mass., Oct. 24, 1858. 

RANTOUL, Robert, Jr., statesman, was born 
in Beverly, Mass., Aug. 13, 1805; son of Robert 
Rantoul, the reformer (q.v.). He was gradu- 
ated from Harvard, A.B., 1826, A.M., 1829; 
studied law in Salem, Mass., and established 
himself in practice there in 1829, removing 
in 1830 to South Reading, Mass. He was 
married, Aug. 8, 1831, to Jane E., daughter of 
Peter and Deborah (Gage) Woodbury of Bever- 
ly, and removed in 1832 to Gloucester, Mass. 
He was the Democratic representative from Glou- 


[411] 


RANTOUL 


cester in the state legislature, 1834-388; was a 
member of the judiciary committee, and in 1836 
of a special committee to revise the statute laws 
of Massachusetts ; represented the state in the 
first board of directors of the Western railroad, 
1836-38, and in 1887 was appointed by Governor 
Everett a member of the first Massachusetts 
board of education, resigning in 1844. He re- 
moved to Boston, Mass., in 1839, and soon became 
prominent as an advocate and lawyer. He was 
U.S. district attorney for Massachusetts, 1845- 


1849. On the resignation of Daniel Webster from 
the U.S. senate in 1850, Governor Briggs of 


Massachusetts appointed Robert C. Winthrop to 
fill the vacancy, but upon the meeting of the 
state legislature in 1851, Mr. Rantoul was elected 
and served until the 4th of March, when the term 
ended. He was elected by the coalition a repre- 
sentative in the 83d congress, 1851-52. In 1851 
he was counsel for Thomas Simms, the first 
fugitive slave surrendered by Massachusetts. He 
published a weekly journal in Gloucester in the 
interest of the Jacksonian Democracy, 1832-388 ; 
was editor of a ‘‘Workingmen’s Library ” and two 
series of a ‘‘ Common School Library ” and carried 
the ‘‘Journeymen Bootmakers’ Case” through 
the courts, establishing the right of laborers to 
combine for business purposes. He died in Wash- 
ington, D.C., and rests at Beverly, under a stone 
which bears an epitaph from the pen of Sumner. 
On his sudden death at the age of 47, Whittier 
wrote elegiac verses which have been much ad- 
mired. The date of his death is Aug. 7, 1852. 

RANTOUL, Robert Samuel, educator, was 
born in Beverly, Mass., June 2, 1832; son of 
Robert, Jr. (q.v.) and Jane E. (Woodbury) Ran- 
toul. He was graduated from Harvard college, 
A.B., 1853, A.M. and LL.B., 1856; was admitted 
to the Essex bar in 1856, and at once began prac- 
tice in Beverly and Salem. He was married, May 
13, 1858, to Harriet Charlotte, daughter of David 
Augustus and Harriet Charlotte (Price) Neal of 
Salem, Mass. Captain Neal was a well known 
merchant, and later president of the Eastern and 
Illinois Central railroads. Mrs. Rantoul died, 
May 20, 1899, leaving sons and three 
daughters. Mr. Rantoul was a representative 
from Beverly in the state legislature of 1858, and 
in 1884-85, from Salem, wherehe had resided 
since 1858. He was collector of the port of 
Salem and Beverly by appointment of Preisdent 
Lincoln, 1865-69; mayor of Salem, 1890-93; a 
candidate for presidential elector on the Palmer 
and Buckner ticket, 1896, and in 1896 became 
president of the Essex Institute. He is the 
author of: Centennial of American Independence, 
an oration delivered in Stuttgart, Germany, July 
4, 1876 ; and of an address to the English speaking 
residents of Stuttgart on the anniversary of the 


six 


RAPHALL 


death of Freiligrath in 1877; The Two Hundred 
and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Landing of John 
Winthrop at Salem, an oration delivered before 
the Essex Institute in 1880; of historical papers 
in the Institute Collections, and of other contri- 
butions to local history and antiquarian research. 
RAPALLO, Charles Antonio, jurist, was born 
in New York city, Sept. 15, 1823 ; son of Antonio 
and Elizabeth (Gould) Rapallo; grandson of Ben- 
jamin Gould of Newburyport, Mass., a captain 
in the Revolutionary army at Lexington, and 
elected to the first congress from Massachusetts. 
Antonio Rapallo came from Rapallo, Italy, to the 
United States early in the nineteenth century, 
his republican tendencies having brought him 
into disfavor with his family and the Vatican, 
and became a practising attorney and counselor at 
law in New York city, having offices for many 
years with John Anthon. Charles was brought up 
under the personal direction of his father, who 
supervised his education, teaching him the class- 
ics, the modern languages and the law. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1844; practised in part- 
nership with Joseph Blunt, 1845-48 ; with Horace 
F. Clark, 1848-68, and with James C. Spencer, 
1868-70. He was married in 1852 to Helen, 
daughter of Bradford Sumner of Boston, Mass. 
He was elected an associate judge of the New 
York court of appeals as a Democrat, serving 
1870-84 ; was defeated as chief justice in 1880, 
and re-elected associate judge fora second term 
of fourteen years by both political parties in 1884. 
He received the degree LL.D., Columbia, 1887. 
He died in New York city, Dec. 28, 1887. 
RAPHALL, Morris Jacob, clergyman, was 
born in Stockholm, Sweden, in September, 1798. 
He was educated in a Jewish college at Copen- 
hagen, Denmark ; learned the English language 
in England, and made a tour through France, 
Germany, Switzerland and Italy. He attended 
the University of Giessen, Germany, 1821-24, 
and in 1825 returned to England, where he mar- 
ried and made his home. In 1832 he entered 
public life as a lecturer, delivering a course on 
post-Biblical history at Sussex Hall, London, and 
elsewhere; and established the weekly Hebrew 
Review and Magazine of Rabbinical Literature, 


the first Jewish periodical in England, which 


was discontinued after seventy-eight numbers. 
He acted for a time as secretary to the Rev. Dr. 
Solomon Hirschel, chief rabbi of the German 
congregations of the British Isles; investigated 
the persecutions of the Jews in Syria in 1840, 
and was rabbi of the synagogue at Birmingham, 
England, 1841-49. He was one of the founders 
of the Hebrew National school; immigrated to 
the United States in 1849; was rabbi of the first 
Anglo-German Jewish synagogue in New York 
city, and subsequently of the congregation B’nai 


[412] 


seat t= 








RAPPE 


















































urun in New York city, where he labored 
his death, gaining a widespread reputation. 
received the degrees A.M. and Ph.D. from 
e University of Giessen. He undertook with 
other scholars an annotated translation of the 
‘Scriptures, of which the volume on Genesis was 
issued (1844); translated the Mishna with the 
vy. D. A. de Sola of London (1840), and many 
‘Hebrew, German and French works into English. 
7w eis the author of: Festivals of the Lord (1839) ; 
Devotional Exercises for the Daughters of Israel 
(1852); Post Biblical History of the Jews (2 vols., 
1855; new ed., 1866); The Path to Immortality 
(1859). He died in New York city, June 23, 1868. 
-RAPPE, Louis Amadeus, R.C. bishop, was 
born at ae Pas de Calais, St. Omer, 
‘ance. Feb. 2, 1801; son of Eloi and Marie 
: Antoinette (Noel) Kappe, who were peasants. 
In 1821 he entered the college at Boulogne, and 
after completing a classical course, made his 
theological studies in the seminary of Arras, and 
was ordained priest, March 14, 1829. He was 
pastor at Wizme, 1829-34; chaplain of the Ursu- 
line convent, Boulogne, 1834-40, and in 1840 
came to Cincinnati, Ohio, with Bishop Purcell. 
He was missionary in the Miami valley, 1841-47, 
establishing churches in Maumee city and at 
Toledo, and a branch of the Sisters of Notre 
“Dame at Toledo in 1846. When the diocese of 
Cleveland was established, April 22, 1847, he was 
named as its first bishop, and was consecrated, 
Oct. 10, 1847, by Bishop Purcell, assisted by 
Bishop Whelan of Wheeling. He began to build 
5 the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist in 1848, 
and consecrated it in 1852. He introduced 
various religious orders in his diocese and built 
convents, asylums, schools and churches. He 
ttended the Vatican council at Rome in 1869, 
and while there unfriendly members of his dio- 
» accused him of wrong doing, and the pope 
unseled his retirement, being misled by reports 
ch were soon found to be the result of a con- 
' acy. He was not removed by the pope, but 
ned his bishopric, Aug. 22, 1870; retired to 
Albans, Vt., and spent the rest of his life in 
diocese of Burlington, engaged in missionary 
ork in that diocese and in Canada. He was 
sequently offered another diocese, but de- 
clined. He died in St. Albans, Vt., Sept. 7, 1877. 
_RATHBUN, Richard, naturalist, was born in 
“4 iffalo, N.Y., Jan. 25, 1852; son of Charles 
2 he Rathbun ; grandson of Thomas and 
th (Howland) Rathbun, and a descendant 
John Rathbone, one of the original pur- 
s and settlers of Block Island, R.I. (about 
). He became interested at an early age in 
geology of the vicinity of Buffalo, and made 
ns ve collections of fossils as curator of 
paleontology of the Buffalo Society of Natural 


RAU 


Sciences, 1869-71. He entered Cornell university 
in 1871, but remained only two years. While 
there he began studies upon the fossils collected 
on the Brazilian expedition of Charles Frederick 
Hartt (q.v.), which were continued later at the 
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, 
Mass. He was assistant in zodlogy at the Boston 
Society of Natural History, 1874-75, and during 
the same period a volunteer zodlogical assistant 
on the summer expeditions of the U.S. fish com- 
mission ; geologist on the Imperial geological 
commission of Brazil, 1875-78 ; scientific assis- 
tant on the U.S. fish commission, 1878-96, being 
in charge of the division of scientific inquiry 
from 1887; assistant in zodlogy at Yale, 1879-80; 
U.S. representative on the joint commission with 
Great Britain relative to the preservation of the 
fisheries in the boundary waters between the 
United States and Canada, 1892-96; assistant 
curator from 1880, and curator from 1883, of 
the  depart- 
ment of ma- 
rine inverte- 
brates in the 
U.S. National 
Museum. He 
was appointed 
assistant sec- 
retary of the Smithsonian Institution, 
1897, and his duties after 1899 included the 
charge of the U.S. National Museum. He is the 
author of numerous scientific papers. He re- 
ceived the honorary degrees of M.S. from the In- 
diana university in 1883, and D.Sc. from Bowdoin 
college in 1894. 
RAU, Charles, 








SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
SAN es 


archeologist, was born in 
Verviers, Belgium. in 1826. He attended the 
university of Heidelberg; came to the United 
States in 1848; taught school in Belleville, Il., 
and subsequently in New York city until 1875, 
when he became curator in the U.S. National 
Museum, Washington, D.C. He had charge of 
the department of antiquities, 1875-87, and his 
contributions to the publications of the Smith- 
sonian Institution, 1863-87, established his reputa- 
tion as a foremost American archeologist. He 
was a member of the principal archeological and 
anthropological societies in Europe and America. 
He bequeathed his library and collections to the 
U.S. National Museum. He received the degree 
Ph.D. from the University of Freiburg, Baden, 
in 1882. He is the author of: Early Man in 
Europe (1876); The Archeological Collections of 
the United States National Museum (1876); The 
Palenque Tablet in the United States National 
Museum (1879); Articles on Anthropological Sub- 
jects 1853-87 (1882), and at the time of his death 
was engaged on an exhaustive archeological 
work. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 25, 1887. 


[413] 


RAUB 


RAUB, Albert Newton, educator, was born 
at Martinsville, Pa., March 28, 1840; son of 
John and Mary (Miller) Raub. He was gradu- 
ated in the scientific course of the State Normal 


school at Millersville, Pa., in 1860; was princi- 


pal of the public 
schools of Bedford, 
Pa., 1860-61; liad 
charge of the schools 
of Cressona, Pa., 1861- 
64; was superintend- 
ent of the Ashland, 
Pa., public schools, 
1854-66 ; professor of 
- English grammarand 
literature inthe State 
Normal school at 
I<utztown, Pa., 1866- 
63; superintendent of 
schools in Clinton 
county and the city 
schools of Lock Ha- 
ven, Pa., and principal of the Lock Haven 
high schools, and of the Central Pennsylvania 
State Normal school, which he was largely 
instrumental in founding, 1877-84. In 1888 he 
became president of Delaware college, Newark, 
Del. In 1865 be began his work as lecturer 
before teachers’ institutes and other assem- 
blies, which work became an important part 
of his professional life. He received the hon- 
orary degree A.M. from the College of New 
Jersey (Princeton) in 1866, that of Ph.D. from 
Lafayette in 1879, and that of LL.D. from Ursi- 
nus college in 1895. He was president of the 
Pennsylvania State Teachers’ association in 1871, 
and in January, 1885, became editor and proprie- 
tor of the Educational News, a weekly. His 
published works include series of grammars, 
readers, and arithmetics; also: Plain Hduca- 
tional Talks (1869) ; School Management (1882) ; 
Studies in English and American Literature 
(1882); Methods of Teaching (1883): A Practical 
Rhetoric (1887) ; Helps in the Use of Good English 
(1897). 

RAUCH, Friedrich August, educator, was 
born in Kirehbracht, Hesse-Darmstadt, Ger- 
many, July 27, 1806; son of a clergyman. He 
was graduated at the University of Marburg in 
1827; took post graduate studies at the Univer- 
sity of Giessen, 1827-28; was assistant to his 
uncle who conducted a literary institution in 
Frankford, 1828-29; and taught in the Univer- 
sity of Heidelberg, 1829-30, and at the University 
of Giessen, 1880-31. In 1851, being obliged to 
leave the country owing to his free expression 
of his political opinions, he came to the United 
States and studied the English language. Mean- 
while he supported himself by giving lessons on 





RAUCH 


the piano and teaching the German language in 
Lafayette college, 1833, and conducted a classi- 
cal school in connection with the German Re- 
formed Theological seminary, York, Pa., 1832-34. 
He was ordained to the German Reformed min- 
istry in 1832, and was professor of Biblical litera- 
ture in the seminary, 1832-41. He was married 
in 1833 toa daughter of Laomi Moore of Morris- 
town, N.J. He removed his academy. with the 
seminary, to Mercersburg, Pa., in 1834, and in 
1835 the academy became Marshall college. of 
which he was first president, 1836-41. He re- 
ceived the degree Ph.D. from Heidelberg and the 
honorary degree of D.D. elsewhere. He is the 
author of: De Sophoclis Electra; De Ressurec- 
tion Mortuorum ; Psychology; The Inner Life, 
and Commentary on Goethe's Faust. We died in 
Mercersburg, Pa., March 2, 1841. 

RAUCH, John Henry, physician, was born in 
Lebanon, Pa., Sept. 4, 1828; son of Bernhard 
and Jane (Brown) Rauch, and a descendant of 
the Rev. Christian Henry Rauch, a Reformed 
Moravian clergyman, missionary to the Indians, 
1741-42 ; a German Reformed clergyman in 
Lebanon, Berks, Lancaster, and other counties, 
1746, and a teacher and preacher in Lititz and 
Warwick, Pa., 1749. He prepared for college at 
Lebanon academy, and was graduated at the 
University of Pennsylvania, M.D., in 1849. He 
removed to Burlington, Iowa, in 1850, and asa 
member of the Iowa State Medical society re- 
ported on the medical and economical botany 
of the state in 1850. He was the first delegate 
from Iowa to the American Medical association 
in 1851. He assisted Professor Agassiz in the 
collection of materials for Natural History of 
the United States, from valuable collections | 
secured from the Upper Mississippi and Missouri 
rivers, 1855-56. a description of which appeared 
in Silliman’s Journal of Natural Sciences.. He 
was an active member of the Iowa Historical 
and Geological institute; professor of materia 
medica in Rush Medical college, Chicago, Ill., 
1857-60; president of the Iowa State Medical 
society, 1858, and an organizer and professor of 
materia medica and medical botany in the Chi- 
cago College of Pharmacy, 1859-61. He was 
brigade-surgeon in Hunter’s and McDowell’s 
army in Virginia, 1861-62; assistant medical 
director of the army of Virginia, 1862; of the 
army in Louisiana, 1862-64; and at Detroit, 
Mich., and in the Madison general hospital, 
1864-65. He was mustered out with the brevet 
rank of leutenant-colonel in 1865; settled in 
Chicago, where he aided in reorganizing the 
health service of the city in 1867, and was a 
member of the board of health, and sanitary 
superintendent, 1867-73. He visited the mining 
regions of South America in 1870, in the hope 


[414] 





RAUM 









































ing their sanitary condition. He was 
nt of eae American Public Health asso- 


His interest in the sete fever ani. 
ic of 1878-79 resulted in the formation of 
sanitary council of the Mississippi Valley, 
the establishment of the river-inspection 
se rvice of the national board of health in 1879, 
ind he also investigated the relation of small- 
pox to foreign immigration, He was a member 
of the American Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science ; of the American Social Science 
iation, and one of the Agassiz memorial 
mittee. He is the author of: Jntramural 
terments and their Influence on Health and 
idemies (1866); Practical Recommendations 
the Exclusion and Prevention of Asiutie 
holera in North America (1884); monographs 
on sanitary science and preventive medicine, 
and Reports of the Illinois state board of health. 
‘He died in Chicago, Ill., March 24, 1894. 

_ RAUM, Green Berry, soldier and representa- 
tive, was born in Golconda, IIl., Dec. 3, 1829 ; son of 
John and Juliet C. (Feild) Raum; grandson of 
— Melchoir and Mary (King) Rain, and of Green 
and Mary Elenor (Cogswell) Feild ; and great- 
randson of Conrad (who einigrate from Alsace 
Pennsylvania, landing at Philadelphia in 
_ April, 1742) and Catherine (Weiser) Rahm, and 
: f Dr. Joseph (a native of Connecticut, and of 
‘ nglish descent) and Frances (Mitchel) Cogswell. 
He was educated in the common schools and by 
tutors, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. He 
ised law in Golconda, 1853-56; in Kansas, 
re he was a member of the free state party, 
3-57, and in 1857 located in Harrisburg, Il. He 
married, Oct. 16,1851, to Maria, daughter of 
anieland Elizabeth (Daily) Field of Golconda. He 
as alternate delegate to the Democratic nationa 
vention which met in Charleston, 8.C., April 
. 1860, and in Baltimore, Md., Fane 18, 1860,] 
which nominated Stephen A. Douglas for 
sident ; made the first war speech in southern 
is, at Metropolis, after the fall of Fort 
mter, April 23, 1861, and entered the Federal 
unteer army as major of the 56th Illinois 
teers. He served under Gen. William S. 
rans in the Army of the Mississippi, as 
nant-colonel, commanding the 56th Llinois 
: he 2d brigade, 3d division, where he led a 
successful bayonet charge in the battle of Corinth, 
Oct. 4, 1862. He served under Grant in the 
ny of the Mississippi as colonel of his regiment 
commanded the 2d brigade in the 7th divi- 
Ane corps, in the Vicksburg campaign, May 
y 4, 1863, and in the Chattanooga campaign, 
23-25, 1863, being severely wounded at 
onary Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. He took part 


i. 


RAVENEL 


in the Atlantic campaign and held the line of 
communication from Dalton to Acworth and from 
Kingston to Rome, Ga. ; discovered and defeated 
General Wheeler’s raid, and re-inforced Resaca 
at night against General Hood in October, 1864, 
He was promoted brevet brigadier-general and 
brigadier-general ; was on Sherman’s march to 
the sea, and with the assembling of his army 
in South Carolina, and ended his military service 
by commanding a brigade in the veteran corps 
under General Hancock at Winchester, Va. He 
resigned his commission, May 6, 1865, and en- 
gaged in railroading as first president and builder 
of the Cairo and Vincennes railroad company in 
1866. He wasa Republican representative from the 
thirteenth Illinois district in the 40th congress, 
1867-69, and defeated for the 41st congress in 
1£68; was president of the Illinois Republican 
convention of 1866, and temporary president of 
the state convention of 1876, and a delegate to the 
Republican national convention at Cincinnati, 
Ohio, the same year. He was president of the 
Illinois Republican convention in 1880, and a 
delegate at-large to the Republican national con- 
vention, and was one of the ‘loyal 306” who 
supported General Grant for the presidential 
nomination. He served as U.S. commissioner of 
internal revenue, 1876-83; practised law in 
Washington, D.C., 1883-89; was U.S. commis- 
sioner of pensions, 1889-98, and subsequently 
engaged in the practice of law in Chicago. He 
is the author of : The Ewisting Conflict between 
Republican Government and Southern Oligarchy 
(1884); History of Illinois Republicanism (1900); 
History of the War for the Union, and of official 
reports on pensions and contributions to current 
magazines. 

RAVENEL, Henry William, botanist, was 
born in St. John’s parish, Berkeley district, S.C., 
May 19, 1814. He was graduated at South Caro- 
lina college, Columbia, §8.C., A.B., 1832, A.M., 
1835: engaged in planting, 1832-53, and remov aa 
to Aiken, S.C., in 1853. He made a study of the 
phanogams, mosses, lichens, algee and fungi of 
South Carolina, and discovered a few new phzeno- 
gams. He was botanist of the government 
commission sent to Texas to investigate the cattle 
disease in 1869, and botanist to the department 
of agriculture of South Carolina. He received 
the degree LL.D. from the University of North 
Carolina in 1886. His name is perpetuated in 
the genus Ravenelia of the Uredinee and by 
many species of cryptogams which he discovered. 
He was agricultural editor of the Weekly News 
and Courier ; published many botanical papers, 
and is the author of : Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccatt, 
(5,vols., 1853-60) ; and Fungi Americani Exsiccati, 
with Mordecai C. Cooke of London (8 vols., 
1878-82). He died in Aiken, 8.C., July 17, 1887, 


[415] 


RAVENEL 


RAVENEL, St. Julien, chemist, was born in 
Charleston, 8.C., Dec. 15, 1819. He was gradu- 
ated at the Medical College of the State of South 
Carolina in 1840; attended medical lectures in 
Philadelphia, Pa., and in Paris, France, and 
practised in Charleston, $.C., 1840-52. He studied 
natural history, microscopy and_ physiology, 
under Louis Agassiz, 1849-50, and after 1852 
devoted himself to agricultural chemistry. He 
established with Clement H. Stevens, the lime 
works at Stoney Landing, on Cooper river, in 
1856, and from the marl bluffs supplied the Con- 
federate States with most of the lime used during 
the civil war. As surgeon to the Confederate army 
he devoted himself to hospital practice, and be- 
came surgeon-in-chief of the Confederate hospital. 
He designed the torpedo cigar boat Little David, 
which did effective service during the investment 
of Charleston, S.C., in 1863. He was director of 
the Confederate laboratory at Columbia, 8.C., 
1861-65; discovered the value for agricultural 
purposes of the phosphate deposits near Charles- 
ton in 1866, and advocated the use of the rich 
rice lands for diversified crops. He died in 
Charleston, S.C., March 16, 1882. 

RAVENSCROPFT, John Stark, first bishop of 
North Carolina and 20th in succession in the 
American episcopate, was born near Blanford, 
Va., in 1772; son of Dr. John and (Miller) 
Ravenscroft; grandson of Hugh Miller, and a 
descendant of Scotch an- 
cestors. His parents re- 
turned to Scotland during 
his infancy, and he at- 
tended school there, and in 
the north of England until 
January, 1789, when he re- 
turned to the United States. 
He studied law in the Col- 
lege of William and Mary ; 
went to Scotland in 1792 to 
settle his father’s estate, 
and on his return rein- 
vested his money in an estate in Lunenburg 
county, Va., which he managed and where he 
lived a wild andirreligiouslife. In 1810 he joined 
a religious body known as the Republican Meth- 
odists, and in 1815, being moved to enter the 
ministry, he applied to the Rt. Rev. Richard 
Channing Moore, bishop of Virginia, for admis- 
sion to the diaconate and pursued his theological 
studies under the direction of the bishop. He 
labored meantime as a lay-reader in the parishes 
of Cumberland and St. James; was ordered 
deacon, April 25, 1817, and advanced to the priest- 
hood, May 6, 1817, by Bishop Moore. He was 
rector of St. James’s church, Boydton, Mecklen- 
burg county, Va., 1817-1823 ; declined two calls 
and was elected in 1823 first bishop of North Car- 








RAWLE 


olina, which diocese had been organized in 1817, 
and he was consecrated in St. Paul’s church, 
Philadelphia, Pa., May 22, 1823, by Bishops 
White, Kemp and Croes, assisted by Bishops 
Bowen and Brownell. In addition to his duties 
as bishop he assumed the rectorship of Christ 
church, Raleigh, which afforded him a home and 
salary enabling him to administer the affairs of a 
diocese too poor to pay a bishop’s salary. In 
1828 his health began to fail, and he relinquished 
the charge of Christ church, and assumed that of 
St. John’s church, Williamsborough. He at- 
tended the general convention of 1829 at Phila- 
delphia. He was married first, to a daughter of 
Lewis Burwell of Mecklenburg county, and 
secondly, to a Miss Buford of Lunenburg county, 
Va. He received the degree D.D. from Columbia 
college, from the College of William and Mary 
and from the University of North Carolina, in 
1823. He published several sermons and _ ad- 
dresses, which were collected together with sixty- 
one additional sermons, as: ‘‘Sermons and Me- 
moir of the Life of Bishop John Stark Ravens- 
croft, edited by the Rev. Dr. J. M. Wainwright” 
(2 vols., 1830). He died in Williamsborough, 
N.C., March 5, 1830. 

RAWLE, Francis, lawyer, was born at the 
Freedom Iron Works, Mifflin county, Pa., Aug. 
7, 1846; sonof Francis William and Louisa (Hall) 
Rawle; grandson of William (q.v.) and Sarah 
Coates (Burge) Rawle, and of Charles (a lawyer) 
and Elizabeth (Coleman) Hall of Sunbury, Pa.; 
great-grandson of Robert Coleman of Cornwall, 
Pa., and a descendant of Francis Rawle and 
Francis Rawle, Jr., of Cornwall, England, who 
landed in Philadelphia, June 23, 1686. His 
father (1795-1881), University of Pennsylvania, 
A.B., 1812, A.M., 1816, served as sergeant and 
heutenant, 1st Pennsylvania volunteers, in the 
war of 1812; was one of the first civil engineers 
employed in the construction of the Pennsylvania 
road ; subsequently an iron master, and owner 
of the Freedom Iron Works, Mifflin county, and 
associate judge. Francis Rawle removed with 
his parents in 1848 to Philadelphia ; attended 
Phillips Exeter academy, N.H., 1863-65, and 
was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1869, LL.B., 
1871, A.M., 1872, having spent the year 1869-70 


studying law in the office of William Henry’ 


Rawle (q.v.). He was admitted to the Philadel- 
phia bar, Nov. 4, 1871, soon after becoming as- 
sociated in practice with Samuel Robb. He was 
married, Nov. 25, 1873. to Margaretta, daughter 
of James M. and Harriet Romeyn (Smith) Aert- 
sen, and granddaughter of Jonathan Smith, 
cashier of the Bank of the United States. She 
died in 1894, leaving two sons. Mr. Rawle was 
elected temporary secretary of the American Bar 
association upon its organization at Saratoga, 


[416] 


. 


per oe Aho 
we 
- ———— 





ag? apres Oy CE A ey 








RAWLE 













































and in the same year became its treasurer, 
ig as such until 1902, when he was elected 
dent. He prepared a new edition of Bouvier’s 


tions (1883), and another edition largely re-writ- 
n (1898) ; and read a paper before the American 
association on Car Trust Securities (1885), 
which was subsequently published and came into 
general professional use. In 1887 he was appointed 
a delegate of the American Bar association to 
the London meeting of the Association for the 
Reform and Codification of the Laws of Nations. 
In 1899-1902 he was a member of the executive 
committee of the latter association. He was 
elected a member of the board of overseers of 
Harvard university in 1890, and re-elected in 
. He is the author of various articles in 
egal periodicals. 

4 RAWLE, William, jurist, was born in Phila- 
lelphia, Pa., April 28, 1759; son of Francis and 
R oe (Warner) Rawle; grandson of William 
and Margaret (Hodge) Rawle and of Edward 
and Anna (Coleman) Warner; great-grandson of 
Francis, and great-grandson of Francis Rawle, a 
member of the ancient lords of the manor of 
-Tresparrett, parish of St. Juliot, Cornwall, Eng- 
land, both of whom were Quakers who immi- 
grated to Pennsylvania in the ship, Desire from 
Plymouth, England, in 1686. His great?-grand- 
ather (1660-1727) founded ‘‘The Plymouth 
Friends ” settlement; married a daughter of 
Robert Turner; was one of the commissioners 
under Penn; judge of the Philadelphia county 
courts; justice of the peace and an alderman 
f the city under its first charter, and pub- 
hed ** Ways and Means for the Inhabitants of 
aware to Become Rich,” probably the first 
Kk on political economy written in America. 
William Rawle attended the Friends academy 
at Philadelphia, and subsequently studied law 
er Counsellor Kemp of New York city, and at 
e Middle Temple, London. Returning to this 
ntry in 1783, he was admitted to the bar and 
san practice in Philadelphia, Pa. He married 
783 Sarah Coates, daughter of Samuel and 
eulah (Shoemaker) Burge. He was a represen- 
tiv ve in the state assembly, 1789 ; U.S. district at- 
ey of Pennsylvania by appointment from Pres- 
it Washington, 1791-1800. He was offered but 
ed the attorney-generalship of the United 
; participated as U.S. attorney in the sup- 
on of the whisky insurrection, under the 
ent’s orders, in October, 1794, and subse- 
ly conducted the prosecution of the ring- 
rs. He was chancellor of the Associated 
bers of the Bar of Philadelphia, 1822-27, and 
at organization’s successor, the Law Asso- 
n of Philadelphia, 1827-36, and one of the 
littee of three appointed by the legislature 


RAWLE 


to revise the civil code of Pennsylvania in 1830 , 
was a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, 
1796-1836 ; one of the founders in 1805 of the 
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; re- 
ceived the honorary degree of LL.D. from the 
College of New Jersey, 1827, and from Dartmouth 
college, 1828 ; was the first vice- president of the 
Philadelphia Law academy, and in connection 
with Benjamin Franklin founded and formed the 
Society for Political Inquirers; was for many 
years between 1786 and 1825 the secretary, and af- 
terward director of the Library Company of Phil- 
adelphia. He was a fellow of the American Phil- 
osophical society ; founder of the Pennsylvania 
Historical society in 1824, and its first president, 
and was actively connected with various literary, 
political and scientific associations. He trans- 
lated Plato’s ‘* Phaedrus,”’ adding an original com- 
mentary, and is the author of ; An Address before 
the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agricul- 
ture (1819); Two Addresses to the Associated 
Members of the Bar of Philadelphia (1824); 
View of the Constitution of the United States 
(1825); The Study of Law (1832), and a Vindica- 
tion of the Rev. Mr. Heckewelder’s- History of 
ibe Indian Nations, a Biogrophical Sketch of Sir 

William Keith, and a Sketch of the Life of 
Thomas Mifflin, the three latter being contribu- 
tions to the Historical Society publications ; 
Essay on Angelic Influences (MS.), and also 
reports of the civil code commission (1880). He 
died in Philadelphia, April 12, 1836. 

RAWLE, William, lawyer, was born in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., July 19, 1788; son of William, 
jurist (q.v.), and Sarah Coates (Burge) Rawle. 
He was a student at the College of New Jersey, 
but did not graduate ; was admitted to the Phila- 
delphia bar, where he practised, 1810-58 ; 
captain of the 2d troop of Philadelphia city 
cavalry, 1812-14; reporter of the decisions of the 
supreme court of Pennsylvania, 1814-35; U.S. 
district attorney of Pennsylvania, and president 
of the common council of Philadelphia, 1836-40. 
He was married, Oct. 7, 1817, to Mary Anna, 
daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Chew) Tilgh- 
man of Philadelphia, Pa. He was one of the 
founders and vice-presidents of the Historical 
Society of Pennsylvania; a member of the 
American Philosophical company ; secretary and 
director of the Library company of Philadelphia, 
continuously from 1825 to 1855, and a trustee of 
the University of Pennsylvania, 1836-55. He is 
the author of : Reports of the Supreme Court of 
Pennsylvania (25 vols., 1818-33); Address before 
Law Academy of Philadelphia (1835); Address 
before the Trustees of Lafayette College (1836). 
He died near Merion, Pa., Aug. 9, 1858. 

RAWLE, Wiiliam Brooke. See 
Rawle, William. 


was 


Brooke- 


[417] 


RAWLE 


RAWLE, William Henry, lawyer, was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 31, 1823; son of Wil- 
liam, lawyer (q.v.) and Mary Anna (Tilghman) 
Rawle. He was graduated at the University of 
Pennsylvania, A.B., 1841, A.M., 1844; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1844, and engaged in prac- 
tice in Philadelphia. When his state was threat- 
ened by an invasion in 1862, he enlisted in the 
artillery as a private, and again in 1863 as a 
quartermaster. He was vice-provost of the Law 
Academy of Philadelphia, 1865-738 ; vice-chancel- 
lor of the Law association, 1880-89, and a secre- 
tary and director of the Library Company of 
Philadelphia for several years. He was married, 
Sept. 13, 1849, to Mary Binney, daughter of Judge 
John and Mary (Binney) Cadwalader of Phila- 
delphia ; and secondly, Oct. 7, 1869, to Emily, 
daughter of Gen. Thomas and Maria C. (Gouver- 
neur) Cadwalader of Trenton, N.J. He received 
the degree of LL.D. from the University of 
Pennsylvania in 1882. He published: Law of 
Covenants for Title (1852); John W. Smith’s ** Law 
of Contracts” (third American ed., with notes, 
1853) ; Joshua William’s ‘* Law of Real Property ” 
(second American ed., 1857) ; Hquity in Pennsyl- 
vania, including the Registrar's Book of Gov. 
William Keith's Court in Chaneery (1868) ; Some 
Contrasts in the Growth of Pennsylvania in 
English Law (1881): Oration at Unveiling of the 
Monument Erected by the Bar of the United States 
to Chief Justice Marshall (1884), and The Case 
of the Educated Unemployed (1885). He died in 
Philadelphia, Pa., April 19, 1889. 

RAWLES, William A., educator, was born in 
Remington, Ind., Dec. 4, 1863; son of Lycurgus 
and Catherine (Oilar) Rawles; grandson of John 
and Matilda (Newell) Rawles, and of Henry and 
Ruth (Darnell) Oilar. He attended the Reming- 
ton and Bloomington public schools, and was 
graduated from Indiana university in 1884. He 
was principal of the high school at Mitchell, Ind., 
1884-85 ; assistant in the preparatory department 
of Indiana university, 1885-87; principal of the 
Vincennes high school, 1887-89 ; principal of the 
high school at Sedalia, Mo., 1889-92 and 1893-94 ; 
serving as assistant in the St. Louis high school, 
1892-93, and was instructor in history at the In- 
diana university, 1894-95 ; in history and econ- 
omies, 1896-98; assistant professor of the same, 
1899-1902, and assistant professor of political 
economy from 1902. He was married, June 26, 
1895, to Harriet McClure, daughter of Henry Mc- 
Clure and Emma (Robb) Post of St. Louis, Mo. 
He received the degree of A.M. from Indiana 
university, 1895, and Ph.D. from Columbia uni- 
versity, 1903; was a fellow in economics at Cor- 
nell, 1895-96: scholar in administrative law, 
Columbia, 1898--99 ; a member of the American 
Historical association of Washington and of the 


RAWLINS 


American Economic association, and is the author 
of: The Government of the People of the State of 
Indiana (1897); and Centralizing Tendencies in 
the Administration of Indiana (1903). 
RAWLINS, John Aaron, soldier and cabinet 
officer, was born at East Galena, Ill., Feb. 138, 
1831; son of James Dawson Rawlins, a native of 
Madison county, Ky., who removed to Missouri, 
and from there to East Galena. He was a de- 
scendant of Robert Rawlings, an early settler of 
Maryland. The family removed to Guildford, 
Ill., where John Aaron Rawlins attended school 
and helped on the farm and in burning charcoal. 
He attended Mount Morris seminary, 1852-53 ; 
studied Jaw in Galena, 1854-55; practised in 
partnership with Isaac P. Stevens, his preceptor, 
1855-56, and with David Sheean, 1858-61. He 


was elected city attorney for Galena in 1857; 


was a Democratic candidate for presidential 
elector in 1860, and held a series of joint discus- 
sions with Allen C. Fuller, the Lincoln and 
Hamlin candidate for elector from his district, 
which gave him a local reputation as a public 
speaker. On the firing on Fort Sumter in April, 
1861, he aided in arousing the people of Illinois 
to the dangers that threatened the Union and in 
recruiting the 45th Illinois volunteers. He was 
appointed aide-de-camp to General Grant, who 
had been attracted to him by hearing him speak 
at Galena in favor of maintaining the Union, 
and although the youngest member of his staff, 
was promoted assistant adjutant-general, with 
the rank of captain, Sept. 15, 1861, at Cairo, his 
commission dating from Aug. 31, 1861. The only 
time he was absent from staff duty during the 
entire war was in August and September, 1864, 
when on sick leave. He was promoted rapidly, 
being made major, April 14, 1862; lieutenant- 
colonel, Nov. 1, 1862; brigadier-general of volun- 
teers, Aug. 11, 1863; brevet major-general of 
volunteers, Feb. 24, 1865; brigadier-general, 
U.S.A., and chief of staff, March 38, 1865, and 
brevet major-general, U.S.A., March 13, 1865. 
He was married first, June 5, 1856, to Emily, 
daughter of Hiram Smith of Goshen, N.Y., and 
secondly, in 1863, to Mary E., daughter of S. A. 
Hurlburt of Danbury, Conn. General Grant 
characterized him as ‘‘ more nearly indispensable 
to me than any 
officer in the 
service.” He 
was appointed 
secretary of war 
in President fall 
Grant’s cabinet, Y iies 
March 9, 1869, f == 
and held the US WAR, STATE & NAVY DEPARTMENTS. 

office until his death from pulmonary consump- 
tion, contracted during the war. A popular sub- 








[418} 


Prerd 








RAWLINS 
















































n was started after his death for the ben- 
his family, and $50,000 was raised. His 
atue in bronze was erectedin Washington. He 
e din Washington, D.C., Sept. 9, 1869. 

Ré WLINS, Joseph Lafayette, representative, 
4s born in Salt Lake county, Utah Territory, 
nh 28, 1850; son of Joseph Sharp and Mary 
frost) Rawlins; grandson of James and Jane 
harp) Rawlins, and of John and Rachel (Pate) 
‘ros anda descendant of Charles Rawlins, who 
1e to North Carolina from England, in its early 
settlement. He completed a classical course in 

e University of Indiana, but returned to Utah 
e graduation. He was professor in the Uni- 
sity of Deseret, Salt Lake city, 1878-75, mean- 
hile studying law ; was admitted to the bar in 
87 5, and settled in practice in Salt Lake city, 
vhere he was married, Dec. 8, 1876, to Julia E., 
aughter of John S. and Elizabeth (Phillips) Davis. 
He was elected a delegate in the 53d congress from 
1 Territory, as a Democrat, serving 1893-95 ; 
defeated for the 54th congress by the Hon. 
ok J. Cannon, and was elected to the U.S. 
ate from Utah for the term 1897-1903... 

AW SON, Albert Leighton, author, was born 
at Chester, Vt., Oct. 15, 1828; son of Adolphus 
nd Betsey (Armington) Rawson ; grandson of 
Samuel Read and Philanda (Cleavland) Rawson, 
and a descendant of Edward and Rachel (Perne) 
vson. Edward Rawson emigrated from Gil- 
ham, Dorset county, England, to America in 
§, and settled in Newbury, Mass., subsequently 
oving to Boston, Mass. Albert L. Rawson 
ducated under private tutors, and at Black 
academy, Ludlow, Vt.; studied law under 
am H. Seward, theology under ‘ Elder” 
wes, and medicine under Professor Webster 
e Massachusetts Medical college. He visited 
4 East four times, and in 1851-52, by repre- 
¢ himself to be a Ree neds medical 
succeeded in accompanying the caravan 
iro to Mecca. He made important in- 
ons in the Indian mounds of the Missis- 
ey, and in 1854-55 made similar research 
al America. He was adopted as a 
r” by the Adwan Bedouins of Moab. 
ne of the two founders of the Nobles of 
stic Shrine, a founder of the Theosophical 
in the United States, a life member of the 
f the Rosy Cross, and a member of var- 
erary and scientific societies. He was mar- 

irah Lord. He received the degrees D.D. 
). (1880), from Christ college, Oxford, Eng- 
| M.D. from the University of Sorbonne, 
e illustrated books, including ‘‘ The 

is” by Henry Ward Beecher (1871); 
ore than 3000 engravings, and painted 
raits of Queen Victoria, Louis Napoleon, 
ss Eugenie and other celebrities. He con- 


RAY 


tributed to magazines, wrote rituals for many 
secret societies, and is the author of : Divine 
Origin of the Holy Bible (1846); Stella and Other 
Novels (1847); Vocabularies and Dictionaries of 
Arabic, Persian and Turkish (1854); Bible Hand- 
book (1869); Ruins and Relies of the Orient (1870); 
Bible Dictionaries (1870-75); Histories of all 
Religions (1870); Statistics of Protestantism (1870): 
Antiquities of the Orient (1871); Scarlet Books of 
Free Masonry (1873); Vocabulary of the Bedouin 
Languages of Syria and Egypt (1874); Dietion- 
artes of <Arabie, German and English (1876); 
Vocabulary of Persian and Turkish Languages 
(1877); History of the Quakers (1878) ; 
graphy of Palestine (1880); The Symposium of 
Basra (1880); Historical and Archeological In- 
troduction to the Holy Bible, with maps and 
illustrations (1879, 1881, 1882): The Unseen World 
(1888); The Archaic Library (Vols. I and II, 
1893), and The History of Mysticism. In 1903 he 
resided at Hillsdale Manor, N.J. 

RAY, Anna Chapin, author, was born in West- 
field, Mass., Jan. 3, 1865; daughter of Edward 


Choro- 


Addison and Helen Maria (Chapin) Ray; grand- 
daughter of Benjamin and Anne (Dodge) Ray, 


and of Nathaniel and Fanny Bowen (Brown) 
Chapin, and a descendant of Deacon Samuel 
Chapin, who came from England to Roxbury, 
Mass., in 1635. The Rays are Highland Scotch, 
their date being still in dispute. She removy- 
ed with her parents to West Haven, Conn., 
1867; was graduated from Smith college, A.B., 
1885, A.M., 1888, and became well known as a 
writer for young people. Her published books 
include: Half a Dozen Boys (1890): Half a Dozen 
Girls (1891); The Cadets of Flemming Hall (1892) ; 


Margaret Davis’ Tutor (i893); Dick (1896); How 
Polly and Ned found Santa Claus (1898); Teddy, 


Her Book (1898); Hach Life Unfulfilled (1899); 
Playground Toni (1900); Phebe: Her Profession 
(1900); Teddy: Her Daughter (1901); Nathalie’s 
Chum (1902); Adam and the Queen of Sheba 
(1903). She is also the author of a large number 
of fugitive writings of a semi-essay character. 
RAY, George Washington, jurist, was born in 
Otselic, Chenango county, N.Y., Feb. 3, 1844. He 


_was brought up on his father’s farm, and was edu- 


cated in the district schooland Norwich academy, 
In 1861 he enlisted in the 90th New York volun- 
teers as a private, and served as brigade clerk in 
the 1st brigade, 1st division, 19th army corps, 
1862-65. He was admitted to the bar in 1867, 
and while practising his profession in Norwich, 
N.Y., conducted a large farm. He served as 
chairman of the Republican county and state 
committees ; as arepresentative from the twenty- 
first ‘(New York district in the 48th congress, 
1883-85, and from the twenty-sixth district in the 
52d-57th congresses, 1891-1903. He was chair- 


[419] 


RAY 


man of the committee on levees and improve- 
ments of the Mississippi in the 54th congress, 
and of the judiciary committee in the 55th, 56th 
and 57th congresses. He was a member of the 
board of trustees of Norwich academy and Union 
Free school ; declined the justiceship of the New 
York supreme court in 1899, and on Sept. 13, 
1902, was appointed by President Roosevelt U.S. 
district judge for the northern district of New 
York. 

RAY, James Brown, governor of Indiana, was 
born in Jefferson county, Ky., Feb. 19, 1794. He 
received a liberal education, studied law under 
General Gano, Cincinnati, Ohio, and practised in 
Brookville, Ind., 1818-25, and 1831-48. He wasa 
member of the Indiana senate, 
1822-25, and president pro- 
tempore of the senate, 1824— 
25, succeeding Ratliff Boon. 
When William Hendricks 
(q.v.) resigned the governor- 
ship, Feb. 12, 1825, the duties 
of acting-governor devolved 
upon Mr. Ray. He was elected governor in 1825, 
and re-elected in 1828, serving, 1825-31. During 
his second administration the supreme court of the 
state was re-organized, and in making appoint- 
ments to the bench he gave offence to his party 
and was succeeded by Noah Noble (q.v.). While 
governor he was appointed a U.S. commissioner 
to negotiate a treaty of purchase withthe Miami 
and Pottawatamie Indians. His acceptance of 
the position was in direct violation of the con- 
stitution of the state, and he wasthus involved in 
acontroversy. Hesecured land from the Indians 
to aid in building a wagon road from Lake 
Michigan to the Ohio river, and state aid for 
railroads. He was defeated for clerk of Marion 
county in 1835, and for representative in the 25th 
congress in 1836. _He was married, Dec. 10, 1818, 
to Mary Riddle of Cincinnati, Ohio, and secondly, 
to Mrs. Esther Booker of Centreville, Ind. He 
died in Cincinnati, Ohio, Aug. 4, 1848. 

RAYMOND, Andrew Van Vranken, educator, 
was born at Visscher’s Ferry, Saratoga county, 
N.Y., Aug. 8, 1854; son of the Rev. Henry A. 
and Catherine M. (Miller) Raymond. He was 
graduated at Union college, A.B., 1875, A.M., 
1878, and at the New Brunswick Theological 
seminary, 1878. He was married; Sept. 24, 1879, 
to Margaret M. Thomas of Middleville, N.Y. He 
was pastor of First Reformed church, Paterson, 
N.J., 1878-81 ; of the Trinity Reformed church, 
Plainfield, N.J., 1881-87; of the Fourth Presby- 
terian church, Albany, N.Y.. 1887-94, and in 
1894 was elected and inaugurated president of 
Union university, Schenectady, N.Y. He received 
the honorary degree of D.D. from Union in 1887, 
and LL.D. from Williams in 1894. 





RAYMOND 


RAYMOND, Benjamin, civil engineer, was 
born in Richmond, Mass., Oct. 19, 1774; son of 
Paul and Rachel (Stevens) Raymond ; grandson 
of Daniel and Elizabeth (Blackmer) Raymond of 
Sharon, Conn., and of Zebulon and Miriam (Fel- 
lows) Stevens of Canaan, Conn., and a descend- 
ant of Capt. William (who settled at Beverly. 
Mass., in 1652) and Hannah (Bishop) Raymond, 
He attended school at Richmond, Mass., and 
studied civil engineering at Rome, N.Y., with 
Benjamin Wright, surveyor for the eastern half 
of the Erie canal. He was married, first, Sept. 
25, 1800, to Hannah, daughter of Thomas and 
Martha (Butler) Wright of Wethersfield, Conn. 
and Rome, N.Y., and secondly, March 7, 1809, to 
her sister Cloe. Between 1798 and 1808, he was 
the first surveyor of large portions of northern 
New York state, and is said to have been the 
earliest to advocate a canal between Lake Cham- 
plain and the St. Lawrence river, first, in a letter 
written in 1801, and later, in 1823, in a report 
which influenced the New York legislature to 
authorize surveys. He was the founder in 1803 
of Potsdam, N.Y., and in 1810 erected at his 
own expense the first building of the St. Law- 
rence academy, Potsdam, and paid the entire 
salaries of some of its earlier instructors. For 
several years following 1808 he was county 
judge of St. Lawrence county, N.Y. He was 
associate surveyor of the Chesapeake and Dela- 
ware canal in 1823, and died at St. Georges, 
Delaware, Sept. 25, 1824. 

RAYMOND, Benjamin Wright, pioneer, was 
born at Rome, N.Y., Oct. 28, 1801. He attended 
the district school, and a French academy. in 
Canada; served as a clerk in a general store 
several years, and subsequently engaged in busi- 
ness for himself, first in Rome and then in East 
Bloomfield, N.Y. He was married, Jan, 12, 1834, 
to Amelia, daughter of Reuben and Anna (Root) 
Porter of East Bloomfield, N.Y. He removed to 
Chicago, Ill., in 1836, and was mayor of the city, 
1840-46, devoting his entire salary to alleviating 
the distress of laborers. He inaugurated the 
system of wide streets, and secured Dearborn 
Park and the lake frontas a gift to Chicago. 
He was influential in securing to the city the 
Galena railroad, the first road built in Illinois; 
erected the first woolen mill in the state, and in 
1864 organized the Elgin National watch com- 
pany and became its first president. He was one 
of the organizers of the city of Lake Forest, Ill. ; 
a founder of Lake Forest university, and for 
twenty-five years president of its board of trus- 
tees. He was also president of the Chicago 
board of trade and the Fox River and Wisconsin 
Central railroad, and a trustee, of Beloit college, 
and of Rockford Female seminary. He died in 
Chicago, Ill., April 5, 1883. 


[420] 








o's RAYMOND 


































RAYMOND, Bradford Paul, educator, was 
porn near Stamford, Conn., April 22, 1846; son 
ewis and Sally A. (Jones) Raymond ; grand- 
1 of Gould and Olive (Stevens) Raymond, and 
aac and Luis (Curtis) Jones, and a descend- 
of Richard Raymond. He taught school in 
nford, Conn., 1861-63, and in 1864 enlisted 
in the 48th New York volunteer infantry, serving 

u a honorably discharged in September, 1865. 
He attended Hamline university at Red Wing 
Minn., 1866-69, and was graduated at Lawrence 
university, Appleton, Wise Bois AIL, 
: 73, and at Boston university, race Mass., 
B B.D., 1874. He was married, Sept. 15, 1873, to 
Lula A., daughter of the Rev. Justin O. and 
\ : a (Wellman) Rich of Red Wing, Minn. 
He made a special study of philosophy at Boston 
university, and under Lotze at Gottingen. He 
also studied under Luthardt at Leipsic and 
Ritschl at Gottingen, 1880-81. He was ordained 
to the Methodist Episcopal ministry in 1874; was 
rof the Allen Street church, New Bedford, 
., 1874-77 ; of the Chestnut Street church, 
Providence, R.I., 1877-80, and of the Main Street 
shurch, Nashua, N.H., 1881-83. He was president 

of Lawrence 


x. university, Ap- 

els pleton, Wis., 

# ee 1883-89, and 

siti 5 ea of Wesleyan 

: Ng t Pal university, 

oi ee eee Middletown, 

7 A am Conn., from 

oh os 1889. He re- 

Pe Gapnice UNIVERSITY. ceived the 


degree Ph.D. 
Boston university in 1881; D.D. from North- 
n university in 1884; LL.D. from Law- 
@ university in 1889, and D.D. from Yale in 
M1. He is the author of : Christianity and the 
st (1894). 
YMOND, Evelyn Hunt, author, was born 
rtown, N.Y., Nov. 6, 1843; daughter of 
and Charlotte (Hatch) Hunt. She at- 
rivate schools and Mount Holyoke college 
class of 1861, but was not graduated. She 
ied, Sept. 29, 1869, to John Bradford 
mond, and made her home in Cornwall-on- 
1, New York, removing to Baltimore, Md., 
oe published writings, chiefly aareniin 
s, include: Mixed Pickles (1892); Monica 
5 Little Lady of the Horse (1894); The 
room Cave (1895); A Cape May Diamond 
; The Little Red Schoolhouse (1897); Among 
undens (1898); The Boys and Girls of 
am (1899); My Lady Barefoot (1899); A 
er of the West (1899); Reels and Spindles 
ie Story of Delight (1900); Divided 
tes 1900); Yankee Girl in Old California 
» 


RAYMOND 


(1901); A Pair of Them (1901); Daisies and Dig- 
gleses (1901); A Daughter of the Forest (1901); 
Jessica Trent (1902). 

RAYMOND, George Lansing, educator and 
author, was born at Chicago, Ill, Sept. 3, 1839; 
son of Benjamin Wright (q.v.) and Amelia 
(Porter) Raymond. He was graduated at Phil- 
lips academy, Andover, Mass., 1858; at Williams 
college, Mass., 1862, and at Princeton Theological 
seminary, 1865. He studied in Europe, 1865-63, 
and was pastor of the Presbyterian church, 
Danby, Pa., 1870-74. He was married at Phila- 
delphia in 1872, to Mary Elizabeth Blake. He 
was professor of oratory in Williams college, 
1874-81, and in 1880 was elected professor of 
oratory and esthetic criticism in the College of 
New Jersey, Princeton, and in 1893, professor of 
esthetics there. The peculiarity of the system 
unfolded in his esthetic works lies in his develop- 
ing all the different arts from identical methods 
of using forms borrowed from nature in order to 
represent (in distinction from present) different 
phases of thought and feeling. He received the 
degree L.H.D. from Rutgers college in 1883, and 
from Williams college in 1889. He was a mem- 
ber of the Authors club; a lecturer, and a vice- 
president of the American Social Science associ- 
ation. Among his published works are: Colony 
Ballads (1876); Jdeals made Real (1877); the 
Orator’s Manual (1879); Modern Fishers of Men 
(1879); A Life in Song (1886); Poetry and Repre- 
sentative Art (1886); Ballads of the Revolution 
and Sketches in Song (1887); The Genesis of Art- 
Form (1893), The Speaker and The Writer (1893); 
Art in Theory and Pictures in Verse (1894); 
Rhythm and Harmony in Poetry and Musie and 
Painting, Sculpture and Architecture as Repre- 
sentative Arts (1895); Proportion and Harmony of 
Line and Color in Puinting, Sculpture and 
Architecture (1899); The Representative Signifi- 
cance of Form and The Aztec God, and Other 
Dramas (1900); Ballads and Other Poems (1901). 

RAYMOND, Henry Jarvis, journalist, 
born in Lima, Livingston county, N.Y., Jan. 24, 
1820; son of Jarvis and Lavinia (Brockway) 
Raymond; grandson of Jonathan P. and Han- 
nah (Jarvis) Raymond, and a descendant of 
Richard Raymond, mariner, of Salem, Mass., 
who moved to Norwalk, Conn., and then 
to Saybrook, where he died in 1692. He 
worked on his father’s farm and was graduated 
from the University of Vermont at the head of 
his class, A.B., 1840, A.M., 1843, and studied law 
in New York city. He taught in a young ladies’ 
seminary, and became a* regular contributor to 
the New Yorker, a weekly niagazine conducted by 
Horace Greeley. In 1841 Mr. Greeley established 
the New York Tribune, and Raymond was ap- 
pointed assistant editor on a weekly salary of 


was 


[421] 


RAYMOND 


eight dollars. He was a reporter and editorial 
writer, and originated a system of reporting 
lectures before shorthand was introduced. He 
was married, Oct. 24, 1843, to Juliette, daughtex 
of John Warren and Artemisia (Munson) Weaver, 
of Winooski and Colechester, Vt., respectively, 
and granddaughter of William Munson, an early 
settler of Vermont. In the same year he joined 
the editorial staff of the Courier and Enquirer 
and carried on a discussion of Fourier’s principles 
of socialism with Mr. Greeley, the articles being 
later published in pamphlet form. He was a 
Whig member of the state assembly, 1849-51 ; 
speaker of the house, 1850-51, and on Sept. 18, 
1851, in connection with George Jones, a banker 
in Albany, and E. B. Wesley, he established the 
New York Times with a capital of $30,000, of 
which Mr. Wesley furnished the gceater part, 
Mr. Raymond controlling a third interest. Tis 
paper so increased in circulation that at the end 
of eight years its owners refused an offer of 
$1,000,000 for the property. He was a delegate 
to the Whig national convention of 1852; was 
lieutenant-governor of New York, 1855-57; and 
took a prominent part in the organization of the 
Republican party, writing its ‘‘Declaration of 
Principles.” He refused to be a candidate for 
governor in 1856; advocated ths nomination of 
William H. Seward for President in 1860, and 
supported President Lincoln in his active war 
measures. He was re-elected to the state assembly 
in 1860; chosen speaker in 1861, and in 1863 was 
a candidate before the Republican caucus of the 
state legislature for U.S. senator, but was de- 
feated by Edwin D. Morgan. Hea was a Repub- 
lican representative in the 39th congress, 1865-67 ; 
refused the appointment as U.S. minister to 
Austria tendered him by President Johnson in 
1867 ; assisted in organizing the National Union 
convention held at Philadelphia, Pa., in August, 
1866, and wrote the address to the people of the 
United States. The honorary degree of A.M. 
was conferred on him by the College of New 
Jersey in 1847. In 1864he wrote a campaign 
life of Abraham Lincoln under the title: History 
of the Administration of President Lincoln, and 
after the President’s assassination he revised and 
enlarged the work as Life and Public Services of 
Abraham Lincoln with his State Pupers, Speeches, 
Letters, etc. (1865). He is also the author of: 
Political Lessons of the Revolution (1854), and 
Letters to Mr. Yancey (1860). He died suddenly 
of apoplexy in the hallway of his residence, in 
New York city, June 18, 1869. 

RAYMOND, Henry Warren, journalist, was 
born in New York city, Sept. 10, 1847; son of 
Henry Jarvis and Juliette (Weaver) Raymond. 
He was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1869, A.M., 
1872, and engaged in journalistic work ; graduated 


[422] 


RAYMOND 









































from Columbia Law school in 1871, with the 
degree of LL.B., was admitted to the bar in 1871, 
and practised in New York, 1871-72, and Chicago, — 
1878-80. He was married, Sept. 29, 1875, to” 
Harriet White, daughter of James and Margaret 
Eleanor (Wheeler) Allen of Brooklyn, N.Y. He 
was a reporter and editor of the New York Times, 
the New York Evening Post and the Brooklyn 
Union; was literary and musical critic on the 
Chicago Tribune, 1880-84, and in 1884, through 
the generosity of George W. Childs, was enabled 
to purchase the Telegraph of Germantown, Pa. 
He was elected a member of the Sons of the 
Revolution, and of the Military Order of Foreign — 
Wars; was private secretary to Benjamin F, 
Tracy, secretary of the navy, 1889-93, and ap- 
pointed solicitor of the state department, Feb- 
ruary, 1893, but failed of confirmation by 
adjournment of the senate. He lectured exten- 
sively on naval matters and is the author of 
articles on the Use of Nickel Steel in Armour 
(1898); Extracts from my Father's Diary, and 
a series on the civil side of naval administration, 
in the Army and Navy Journal (1900), besides 
numerous contributions to the leading periodicals. 

RAYMOND, Jerome Hall, educator, was born 
in Clinton, Iowa, March 10, 1869; son of Henry 
and Virginia (Hall) Raymond. He was educated 
in the Chicago public schools and worked as a 
stenographer and typewriter in St. Paul, Minn., 
and Chicago, Ill. He was graduated from the 
Northwestern university, Evanston, Ill, A.B., 
1892, A.M., 1893, and from the University of 
Chicago, Ph.D., 1895. He was private secretary 
to George M. Pullman, 1889-90, and to Frances 


secretary to Bishop Thoburn in a tour around the 


world, 1892-93, traveling extensively in Europe 


Chicago Society for University Extension, 1893- 
$4; professor of history and political scien 
Lawrence university, Wisconsin, and lecturer on 
sociology and secretary, class study department, 
ee ; ; nee A : , 
University Extension division, University of 
Chicago, 1894-95. He was married, Aug. 15, 


and Deborah (Meade) Hunt of Aurora, Il. He was 
professor of sociology and secretary of the Uni- 
versity Extension department, University of Wi 
consin, 1895-97; president and professor of eco- 


Nathaniel and Dolly (Wood) Raymond, and 4 
descendant of Richard Raymond, a mariner, who 

















RAYMOND 
oved to Norwalk, Conn., in 1662, and from there 


lege for one year ; was graduated at Union, 
“1832, A.M., 1835, and was admitted to the 
n 1835, but never practised. He was grad- 
n theology at Madison university, Hamilton, 
in 1838; was a tutor in Hebrew there, 
9, and professor of rhetoric and English 
ure, 1839-49. He was married, May 12, 
to Cornelia E. Morse of Eaton, N.Y. He 
in establishing the University of Rochester 
50; was professor of history and_ belles-let- 
there. 1850-55, and organized and was 
dent of the Brooklyn Collegiate and Poly- 
nnic institute, N.Y., 1856-64. He accompanied 
ry Ward Beecher to Europe in 1863; organ- 
Vassar college at Poughkeepsie in er ne 
- 
VASSAR COLLEGE 
































‘its first president, and professor of mental 
moral philosophy, 1865--73. He received the 
ee LL.D. from the University of Rochester 
855. He isthe author of several pamphlets 
sermons, and his ‘‘ Life and Letters” were 
spared by Harriet Raymond Lloyd (1880). He 
din Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Aug. 14, 1878. 

KXYMOND, John T., actor, was born in 
ilo, N.Y., April 5, 1836; son of Irish parents 
e name of O’Brien. He attended the public 
1, engaged as a merchant’s clerk, but deter- 
d to become an actor. He changed his name 
aymond, secured an engagement at the 
ein Rochester, N.Y., and there made his 
as Lopez in ‘* The Honey-moon,” June 27, 
mmediately scoring a reputation for farcical 
He appeared as Timothy Quaint in ‘‘ The 
rs Daughter,” at the Chestnut Street 
in Philadelphia in 1854: went to Halifax, 
1857, with Edward Askew Sothern, and 
rf quently became a favorite in Savannah, 
le, New Orleans, and other southern cities. 
1 his return to New York city, he played in 
Winter Garden in support of Julia Dean 
e, and in 1861 joined Laura Keene’s com- 
aking a notable success as Asa Trenchard 
Jur American Cousin,” Sothern playing the 
of Lord Dundreary. In 1867, in the same 
er, he appeared with Sothern (q.v.) in 
and in Paris, where his wife played 
Trenchard. He returned in October, 
New York, where he re-opened the 


Ba srook , Conn., in 1664. Heattended Colum-, 


RAYMOND 


Theatre Comique as Toby Twinkle in “ All that 
Glitters is not Gold;” appeared as Graves in 
‘**Money” at the California theatre, San Fran- 
cisco, Jan. 18, 1869, his wife taking the part of 
Clara Douglas, and remained west until 871, In 
1874, at the Park theatre, New York city, he 
made his first appearance in the character of 
Col. Mulberry Sellers. in the dramatization of 
Mark Twain’s * The Gilded Age,” in which réle he 
made a national reputation, although it failed to 
meet with success in England in 1880. 
roles include : Risks in 


His other 
*Wolfert’s Roost”: the 
leading characters in ‘‘ Fresh, the American” ; 
**In Paradise”; ** For Congress” (‘+The Politi- 
cian” ); ‘“A Gold Mine,” and ‘*The Woman 
Hater,” the last-named play being performed by 
him only a few times. He died suddenly at 
Evansville, Ind., April 10, 1887. 

RAYMOND, Rossiter Worthington, consult- 
ing engineer and author, was born in Cincinnati, 
Ohio, April 27, 1810; son of Professor Robert 
Raikes and Mary Ann (Pratt) Raymond. He 
was graduated at the Brooklyn Polytechnic 
institute in 1858; and studied at the Royal 
Mining academy, Freiberg, Saxony, and at the 
Heidelberg and Munich universities, 1858-61. He 
was aide-de-camp in the Union army. with the 
rank of captain, 1861-64. In 1863 he married 
Sarah Mellen, daughter of William R. Dwight 
of Brooklyn, N.Y. He practised as consulting 
mining engineer and metallurgist in New York 
city, 1864-68 ; was U.S. commissioner of mining 
statistics, 1868-76; commissioner. to the Vienna 
exposition, 1873; professor of economic geology 
at Lafayette college, Pa., 1870-81 ; an original 
member (1871) of the American Institute of 
Mining Engineers and president, 1872-75, and the 
secretary from 1884. He was made an honorary 
member of the Society of Civil Engineers in 
France, ana of several other technical societies. 
He edited the American Journal of Mining, 1867- 
68, and the same periodical under the name 
Engineering and Mining Journal, 1868-90. He 
was a state electric subway commissioner for 
Brooklyn, N.Y., 1885-89. He is the author of: 
Reports on the Mineral Resources of the United 
States West of the Rocky Mountains (8 vols., 
1869-76); Die Leibgarde (1863), a German trans- 
lation of Mrs. John C. Frémont’s ‘‘ Story of the 
Guard”; The Children’s Week (1871); Brave 
Hearts (1873); The Man in the Moon and other 
People (1874) ; The Book of Job (1878); The Merry- 
go-Round (1880); Cainp and Cabin (1880) ; Two 
Ghosts (1890); A Glossary of Mining and Metal- 
lurgical Terms (1881); The Law of the Apex, and 
other essays on mining law (1883-95); and Memo- 
rial of Alexander L. Holley (1883). THe edited the 
Transactions of the American Institute of Mining 
Engineers (Vols. XII.-XXXII., 1854 to 1902). 


(423] 


RAYNER 


RAYNER, Isidor, representative, was born in 
Baltimore, Md., April 11, 1850; son of William 
S. and Amalie Rayner. He was graduated at the 
University of Virginia and was admitted to the 
Baltimore bar in 1871. He was a representative 
in the Maryland legislature, 1879-80; chairman 
of the Baltimore delegation ; state senator, 1887- 
91; and a Democratic representative from the 
fourth district of Maryland in the 50th, 52d, 
and 53d congresses, 1887-89 and 1891-95, serving 
on the committees of foreign affairs, coinage, 
and commerce. He was elected attorney-general 
of Maryland in 1900, and was the leading counsel 
for Rear-Admiral Winfield Scott Schley in his 
famous trial before the court of inquiry in No- 
vember, 1901. 

RAYNER, Kenneth, representative, was born 
in Bertie county, N.C., in 1808; son of the Rev. 
Amos Rayner, a Baptist clergyman and a soldier 
in the Revolutionary war. He was educated at 
the Tarborough academy, was admitted to the 
bar in 1829, but engaged in planting in Hertford 
county, and was a member of the state constitu- 
tional convention of 1835. He was married in 
1841, to Susan, daughter of Col. William Polk of 
Raleigh, N.C., an officer of the Revolution. He 
represented Hertford county in the state legisla- 
ture, 1835, 1886, 1838, 1839, 1846, 1848, and 1851 ; 
was a Whig representative in the 26th, 27th, and 
28th congresses, 1839-45; a presidential elector 
for Taylor and Fillmore in 1849, and after the 
close of the civil war removed to Mississippi. He 
was a judge of the court of commissioners of 
Alabama claims, 1874-76, and was solicitor of 
the U.S. treasury, 1877-84. He is the author of: 
The Life and Services of Andrew Johnson (1866). 
He died in Washington, D.C., March 4, 1884. 


REA, John, representative, was born in 
Pennsylvania in 1755. He served in the Revo- 
lutionary war; was a representative in the 


state legislature for several years ; was a Demo- 
cratic representative from the Chambersburg 
district in the 8th, Sth, 10th and 11th congresses, 
1803-11; was defeated in 1810 for the 12th con- 
gress, and was elected to the 13th congress, 1813- 
15. He died in Chambersburg, Pa., Feb. 6, 1829. 

READ, Daniel, educator, was born in Mari- 
etta, Ohio, June 24, 1805; son of Ezra Read of 
Urbana, Ohio. He was graduated at Ohio uni- 
versity, A.B., 1824, A.M.. 1827, and was married 
to Alice Brice of Athens, Ohio. He was principal 
of the preparatory department of Ohio univer- 
sity, 1824-35; was admitted to the bar in 1836; 
was professor of ancient languages in Ohio uni- 
versity, 1836-38 ; of Latin and political economy, 
1839-42 ; professor of languages in Indiana State 
university, 1848-56; acting president of the uni- 
versity, 1853-54, and a:member of the Indiana 
state constitutional convention in 1851. He was 


READ 


professor of mental philosophy, logic, rhetoric 
and English literature in the University of Wis- 
consin, 1855-66, and president of the University 
of the State of Missouri, 1866-76. He was a 
government visitor to the U.S. military academy 
in 1840, and received the degree LL.D. from 
Indiana Asbury (now De Pauw) university, in 
1853. He died in Keokuk, Iowa, Oct. 3, 1878. 
READ, George, signer, was born in Cecil 
county, Md., Sept. 18, 1733 ; son of John and Mary 
(Howell) Read. John Read came from Ireland ear- 
ly in the eighteenth century, and settled in Cecil 
county, where, with six associates, he founded and 
laid out Charlestown. He spent his last years in 
Newcastle county, Del. George attended the 


‘schools of Chester and New London ; studied law 


with John Moland of Philadelphia, Pa., and en- 
tered upon its practice at New Castle, Del., March 
6, 1754. He was married in 1763 to Gertrude, 
daughter of the Rev. George Ross of New Castle, 
and sister of George Ross, the signer. He was 
the first attorney-general for Delaware, 1763-75 ; 
a member of the g:neral assembly, 1765-77; a 
delegate from Delaware to the Continental con- 
gress, 1774-77, and president of the convention 
that framed the first constitution of the state of 
Delaware in September, 1776. He voted against 
the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, 
July 4, 1776, but finally signed the instrument 
and was its firm supporter. He declined the 
presidency of the state in 1776, and was 
elected its vice-president, becoming acting-presi- 
dent upon the capture of President John Mc- 
Kinly in October, 1777, and serving until March, 
1778. He was appointed justice of the court of 
appeals in admiralty cases in 1782; 
gate to the commercial convention held at 
Annapolis, Md., in 1786; president of the Dela- 
ware deputies to the United States constitutional 
convention held at Philadelphia, and a signer of 
the instrument, Sept. 17, 1787. He was elected 
with Richard Bassett, U.S. senator from Delaware, 
1789-93 ; drew the short term expiring, March 3, 
1791; was elected for a full term, but resigned 
in 1793 to take his seat as chief justice of the state 
of Delaware, having been appointed by Gov. 
Joshua Clayton, Sept. 18, 1798. He died in New- 
castle, Del., Sept. 21, 1798. 

READ, George Campbell, naval officer, was 
born in Ireland about 1787; came to the United 
States with his parents in childhood, and was 
warranted midshipman in the U.S. navy, April 
2, 1804. He was promoted lieutenant, April 25, 
1810; was 3d lieutenant on the Constitution in 
the fight with the British frigate Guerriere, Aug. 
19, 1812, and was honored by Capt. Isaac Hull, as 
the officer to receive the sword of Capt. James 
R. Dacres. He was lieutenant on the United 
States in the capture of the Macedonian, Oct. 25, 


[424] 


was a dele- — 


‘ 
= 

















READ 










































18 2, and commanded the Chippewa of the flying 
" juadron under Com. Oliver H. Perry, 1813. He 
vi ; promoted commander, April 27, 1816, and 
tain, March 3, 1825. He commanded the East 
India squadron in 1840, the African squadron in 
1846, and the Mediterranean squadron subse- 
ntly. He was placed on the. reserved list, 
. 18, 1855, was governor of the Naval asylum 
at Philadelphia, Pa., 1861-62, and was promoted 
rear-admiral on the retired list, July 16, 1862. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 22, 1862. 
READ, Hollis, missionary, was born in New- 
fane, Vt., Aug. 26, 1802. He was graduated from 
Williams college,, A.B., 1826, A.M., 1829; at- 
tended Princeton Theological seminary, 1826- 
; was a missionary at Bombay, India, 1830-35, 
1 an agent of the A.B.C. for if.M., 1835-37. 
He preached in Babylon, L.I., 1837-38; Derby, 
aa 1838-43; was agentof the American 
t society, 1843-44, and pastor at New Pres- 
Ba. eonn. ., 1845-51. He taught school at Orange, 
n .J., and was agent of the Society for the Con- 
version of the te: 1851-55; was stated supply 
Bt Cranford, N.J., 1855-64, and was agent of the 
Freedman’s Relief association. He is the author 
ce : Journal in India (1885); Babajee the Chris- 
tian Brahmin (1837); The Hand of God in His- 
tory (1848-52); Memoirs and Sermons of W. J. 
strong, D.D, (1851); Palace of a Great King 
(1855); Commerce and Christianity (1856); India 
and its People (1858); The Coming Crisis of the 
World (1858); The Negro Problem Solved (1864); 
Footprints of Satan (1866). He died in Somer- 
ville, N.J., April 7, 1887. 
READ, Jacob, senator, was born in South Car- 
mein 1752. He received a liberal education ; 
tudied law in England, 1773-76, and established 
ki mself in practice in Charleston, 8.C., in 1776, 
was appointed major of a regiment of South 
olina volunteers, and was taken prisoner early 
in the war and confined at St. Augustine, Fla., 
778-82. He was a representative in the South 


congress, 1783-85 ; a Federalist U.S. senator, 
1801, and judge of the U.S. court for the 
trict of South Carolina, 1801-16. He died in 
Sharleston, S.C., July 17, 1816. 

READ, John Joseph, naval officer, was born 
n] ew Jersey, June 17, 1842. He was appointed 
eadet in the U.S. Naval academy, Sept. 21, 

, and was ordered into active service in May, 
; promoted ensign, Nov. 25, 1862 ; lieutenant, 
b, 22, 1864 ; lieutenant-colonel, gle 25, 1866 ; 

omander, Dec. 11, 1877; captain, April 27, 
and rear-admiral, Nov. 29, 1900. During 
civil war he served on the flagship Hartford. 
; Gulf blockading squadron, under Admiral 
agut, in the battles from Southwest Pass to 
1862; stationed with the South 


ina legislature ; a delegate to the Continen- | 


READ 


Atlantic blockading squadron, 1862-64; on the 
steamer R. R. Cuyler, North Atlantic squadron, 
1864-65 ; De Soto and Rhode Island, Atlantic 
squadron, 1865-67; flagship Susquehanna, North 
Atlantic squadron, 1867-68; Michigan on the 
Lakes, 1869; Guerriére, European station, 1870-72: 
Richmond, North Pacific station, 1873-76, and 
South Pacific station, 1876-77. He was in com- 
mand of the bureau of yards and docks, 1877-79; 
lighthouse inspector, 1879-83, 1886-90, and 1892- 
93; in command of the Michigan, 1883-86 ; of the 
Iroquois, March, 1891-July, 1892; inspector, on 
temporary duty at Newport, R.I., from May, 
1893, until August, 1894, when he was assigned 
to the command of the receiving ship Independ- 


ence. He commanded the flagship Olympia, 
Asiatic squadron, 1895-97; was on waiting 


orders, November, 1897-98 ; commanded the re- 
ceiving ship Richmond, League Island navy 
yard, 1898-1900 ; and on April 1, 1900, was placed 
in command of the U.S. navy yard at Ports- 
mouth, N.H., his date of retirement by operation 
of law being June 17, 1904. 

READ, John Meredith, jurist, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., July 21, 1797 ; son af the Hon. 
John and Martha (Meredith) Read. He was 
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 
A.B., 1812, A.M., 1816.; was admitted.to the bar 
in 1818, and established himself in practice in 
Philadelphia. He was a representative in the 
state legislature, 1822-24 ; city solicitor of Phila- 
delphia, 1824-27; member of the select council, 
1827-30; U.S. attorney for the eastern district 
of Pennsylvania, 1887-41; solicitor for the U.S. 
treasury, 1841-45, and attorney-general of the 
state in 1846. He was nominated by President 
Polk as associate justice of the U.S. supreme 
court, but owing to the opposition of the 
Southern senators to his free-soil views, he re- 
quested the President to withdraw his name. He 
advocated the annexation of Texas, and sup- 
ported President Jackson in opposing the charter 
for the Bank of the United States. In 1856 he 
joined the Republican party, and delivered a 
speech on the ‘* Power of Congress over Slavery 
in the Territories,” which was used asacampaign 
document during the canvass. He was elected 
by the Republican party justice of the supreme 
court of Pennsylvania in 1858, serving, 1858-72, 
and as chief justice, 1872-73. He was proposed 
as the Republican candidate for President in 
1860, with Abraham Lincoln for vice-president, 
but the arrangement was defeated by Simon 
Cameron in the Republican state convention held 
in Pennsylvania in 1860. Hereceived sixty votes 
for the nomination for President at the Chicago 
convention of 1860, but withdrew in favor of 
Abraham Lincoln. He was made a member of 
the American Philosophical society in 1863. He 


[425] 


READ 


was twice married ; first, to Priscilla, daughter of 
the Hon. John Marshall of Boston, and secondly, 
to Amelia, daughter of Edward Thompson of 
Philadelphia. The honorary degree of LL.D. 
was conferred on him by Brown university in 
1860. He is the author of : Plan for the Admin- 
istration of the Girard Trust (1833); Views on 
the Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus 
(1863); The Law of Evidence (1864); Jefferson 
Davis and his Complicity in the Assassination of 
Abraham Lincoln (1866). He died in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., Nov. 29, 1874. 

READ, John Meredith, diplomatist, was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 21, 1837; son of John 
Meredith Read (q.v.). He attended a military 
school and Brown university ; was graduated 
from the Albany Law school in 1859; studied 
international law in 
Europe, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 
Philadelphia in 1859. 
He removed to Al- 
batlyse Ney. Tues OUs 
and was adjutant- 
general of the state, 
with the rank of brig- 
adier-general, 1860- 
66, receiving the 
thanks of the war 
department for his 
efficiency in equip- 
ping and forwarding 
New York  vyolun- 
teers. He was U.S. 
consul-general for France and Algeria, 1869-73, 
and during the Franco-German war he was 
acting consul-general for Germany, 1870-72. 
General De Cissy, French minister of war, ap- 
pointed him president of a commission to con- 
sider the advisability of teaching the Englsh 
language to French soldiers. He was U.S. min- 
ister-resident to Greece, 1873-79, and in his 
official position he secured the release of the 
American ship Armenia, and obtained a revoca- 
tion of the order prohibiting the sale of the 
Bible in Greece. During the Russo-Turkish war 
he discovered a single port open in Russia to 
foreign commerce, and his report to the U.S. 
government led to sending a grain fleet from 
New York to that port, resulting in great gains 
to American commerce. He received the thanks 
of the U.S. government for his effectual protec- 
tion of American citizens in Greece, and in 1881 
was created a knight of the grand cross of the 
Order of the Redeemer, the highest degree in the 
gift of the Greek government, by King George, 
He was president of the social science congress, 
Albany, N.Y., in 1868; vice-president of the 
social science congress, Plymouth, England, in 





[426] 


READ 


1872; a trustee of the Albany female academy 
and of Cornell university, 1865-73. The honorary 
degree of A.M. was conferred on him by Brown in 
1866. He is the author of: Relation of Soil to 
Plants and Animals (1860); First Annual Dis- 
course before the Delaware Historical Society 
(1864); Historical Inquiry concerning Henry 
Hudson (1866); and many articles on legal, 
archeological and historical subjects. He died 
in Paris, France, Dec. 27, 1896. 

READ, Opie, author, was born in Nashville, 
Tenn., Dec. 22, 1852; son of Guilford and Eliza- 
beth (Wallace) Read; grandson of James and 
Lydia Read and of James and Elizabeth Wal- 
lace, and a descendant of the Reads and Wal- 
laces who settled in North Carolina and Virginia 
early in the seventeenth century. He attended 
schools in Gallatin, Tenn., and engaged in news- 
paper work in Franklin, Ky. He removed to 
Little Rock, Ark.; was editor of the Arkansas 
Gazette, 1878-81 ; was connected with the Cleve- 
land Leader, 1881-83, and established the Arkan- 
sas Traveler, a humorous paper that gained him 
a wide reputation in 1883. He conducted this 
paper until 1891, when he removed to Chicago 
and engaged in literary work. He was married, 
June 30, 1880, to Ada, daughter of Lucinda and 
Philo Benham of New York. He is the author 
of: Len Gansett (1888); A Kentucky Colonel 
(1889) ; Emmett Benlore (1891); A Tennessee 
Judge (1893) ; Wives of the Prophet (1894); The 
Jucklins (1895); My Young Master (1896); Ar- 
kansas Planter (1896); Bolanyo (1897); Waters 
of Caney Fork (1899); The Starbucks (1202). 

READ, Thomas, naval officer, was born in 
Newcastle, Del.,.in 1740; son of Col. John (the 
immigrant) and Mary (Howell) Read, and grand- 
son of Henry Read, an English gentleman. He 
received a liberal education, and was appointed 


commodore of the Pennsylvania navy, Oct. 28, — 


1775, being the first American naval officer to 
receive that rank. He successfully defended the 
entrance to the Delaware river, and was appoint- 
ed to the highest grade in the Continental navy, 


June 7, 1776, and assigned to the command of — 
the 82-gun frigate George Washington, still on 
the stocks on the Delaware river. While waiting © 


for his vessel to be launched and fitted for service, 
lie was appointed captain in the Continental army 


by the committee of safety, and joined General 


Washington before the army crossed the Dela- 
ware. He commanded a battery made up of 
guns intended for his frigate, in the battle of 
Trenton, and for his part in that battle received 
the formal thanks of all the general officers who 
took part. He subsequently resigned his com- 


mission and retired to his estate near Borden- — 


town, N.J., and in 1787 was.induced by Robert 
Morris to take command of the frigate Alliance, 


ae 


el 





READ 


























































wned by the former. He made a voyage to the 
seas, for commercial purposes, over a course 
ut had never been sailed before, and reached 
1 in December, 1787, having been more 
han six months on the way. Hediscovered two 
la mids, naming them ‘ Morris” and ‘‘Alliance,” 
hich form part of the Caroline group, and made 
he first out of season passage to China. He died 
AN Thite Hill, N.J., Oct. 26, 1788. 
EAD, Thomas Buchanan, artist and Be 
vas s born i in Chester county, Pa., March 12, 1822 
\fter his father’s death he was papteniticed toa 
iilor, but, disliking the trade, he secretly made 
way to Philadelphia, where for a time he 
employed in a cigar manufactory, and in 
went to Cincinnati, Ohio. There he lived 
vith Shobal V. Clevenger (q.v.), the sculptor ; 
came a sign-painter, and at times went to 
ool. After spending a year in Dayton as 
loyee in a theatre, he returned to Cincinnati 
and established himself as a portrait painter 
hi hrough the kindness of Nicholas Longworth. 
He was obliged, however, to earn a precari- 
us living by sign-painting in various towns, 
cigar-making, and by’ giving readings and 
matic performances. He removed to New 
k city in 1841, and soon after to Boston, 
s., where he began to devote himself to 
ary pursuits, and contributed poems to the 
rier, 1843-44. He removed to Philadelphia, 
, in 1846; traveled abroad in 1850, and in 
853 returned to Italy, where he remained for 
study in Florence and Rome until 1858, and 
r many visits to Philadelphia and Cincinnati, 
lly made Rome his permanent home. During 
vil war he recited his National war-songs 
e camps, and devoted the proceeds of his 


His paintings include: ‘‘ The Spirit of 
terfall” ; ‘*The Lost Pleiad”; ‘‘ The Star 
lehem ” ; ‘* Undine”; ‘* Longfellow’s Chil- 
“Cleopatra and her Barge”; ‘‘ Sheridan’s 
portraits of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 
M. Dallas, and Longfellow. He made 
utation, however, chiefly by his patriotic 
y; and is the author of : Poems (1847); Lays 
Ballads (1848); The Pilgrims of the Great St. 
wd, a serial romance in prose; The New 
ral (1854); The House by the Sea (1856) ; 
1, or the Lost Shepherd, and other Poens 
); A Voyage to Iceland (1857); Rural Poems 
lon, 1857); Complete Poetical Works (1860); 
Wagoner of the Alleghanies (1862); Sheri- 
ride and A Summer Story (1865); The Good 
an (1867); Poetical Works (38 vols., 1865; 
He died in New York city, May 11, 1872. 

DY, Charles, representative, was born in 
e, Tenn., Dec. 22, 1802. He was grad- 
ated from Greenville college, Tenn.; was ad- 


at 
_ [427 


REAGAN 


mitted to the bar, and began practice in Mur- 
freesboro. He was a Whig representative in the 
state legislature in 1835 ; in the 33d, 34th and 35th 
congresses, 1853-59, and was defeated as the In- 
dependent candidate for the 26th congress by 
Robert Hatton in 1858. He was an active sup- 
porter of the Confederate States government; 
was identified with the organization of the judi- 
ciary of Tennessee, and by special permission 
twice presided over its supreme court. He re- 
ceived the degree of A.M. from Nashville uni- 
versity, and was a trustee of the institution, 
1847-78. He diedin Murfreesboro, Tenn., in 1878. 

REAGAN, John Henninger, statesman, 
born in Sevier county, Tenn., Oct. 8, 1818; 
of Timothy R. and Elizabeth (Lusk) Reagan ; 
grandson of Richard and (Shulz) Reagan 
and of Joseph Lusk; great-grandson of Timothy 
Reagan, an Irishman, who was a soldier in 
the American Revolution and was wounded at 
Brandywine, and a descendant of English, Irish, 
Welsh and German ancestry. He attended the 
Southwestern college, Marysville, Tenn. ; Nancy 
academy; Boyd’s Creek academy, and for two 
years worked in a tanyard, on a farm; on board 
a flatboat, managed a flouring and saw mill in 
Tennessee, and was overseer of a large planta- 
tion in Mississippi. In 1888 he went to Texas, 
joined the army of the republic, and took part in 
battles with the Cherokee Indians, July 15-16, 
1839. He was deputy surveyor of public’ lands, 
1839-43; was elected captain of a company of 
militia, and justice of the peace, and in 1846 was 
elected probate judge and lieutenant-colonel of 
Henderson county militia. He was temporarily 
licensed to practice law in 1846, and regularly 
licensed in 1848; was a representative in the 
Texas legislature in 1847-48; judge of the 9th 
judicial district of Texas, 1852-57; a Democratic 


was 
son 





‘ a : ie nA +> 
representative in the 35th, 36th congresses, 1897- 


1861 ; presidential elector in 1860; a member of 
the secession convention of Texas in 1861; a dele- 
gate tothe provisional congress of the Confederate 
States in 1861; postmaster-general of the Con- 
federate States, 
1862-65, and sec- 
retary of the 
Confederate 
States treasury 
ad interim on. 
the 
of 
Trenholm 
1865. He es- 

caped from Richmond with President Davis and 
was made a prisoner of war, May 10, 1865, with 
President Davis, Governor Lubbock, Col. Wil- 
liam Preston Johnston and Burton Harrison, 
and was taken to Macon, Ga., thence to Hampton 





<APITOL, 
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 


REAVIS 


Roads, Va., and finally with Vice-President 
Alexander H. Stephens to Fort Warren, Boston 
harbor, where he was confined until October, 
1865. He returned to Palestine, Texas, and 
worked on his farm in order to support his family. 
He declined the appointment of military governor 
of Texas in 1867 from Governor Griffin; resumed 
his law practice, 1868 ; was a member of the state 
constitutional convention of 1875, and chairman 
of the judiciary committee. He was a represen- 
tative in the 44th-49th congresses, 1875-87, and re- 
signed before taking his seat in the 50th congress 
to take that of U.S. senator, serving, 1887-91. 
He resigned his seat in the senate in 1891 to 
become chairman of the railroad commission of 
Texas by appointment of Gov. James 8. Hogg; 
was re-appointed in 1893, and by Governor C. A. 
Culberson in 1895, and was elected to the same 
position in 1896, serving 1897-1903. He retired 
from public life in 1908, holding the unique dis- 
tinction of having served under three govern- 
ments without removing from the state of his 
adoption, in each of which he was honored with 
high public office. 

REAVIS, James Bradley, jurist, was born in 
Boone county, Mo., May 27, 1848; son of John 
Newton and Elizabeth (Preston) Reavis; grand- 
son of Marcus A. and Lucy (Bradly) Reavis and 
of John and Jane (Ramey) Preston, and a des- 
cendant of a refugee, who landed with Ashley 
Cooper’s expedition at Albemarle Sound, N.C., 
and adopted the name of Reavis, and in the 
maternal line descended from the Lees of Lees- 
burg, Va. He was a student at Kentucky uni- 
versity, 1868-71; was admitted to the bar at 
Hannibal, Mo., in 1872; edited the Monroe City, 
Mo., Appeal, 1872-74, and in the latter year re- 
moved to California. In 1880 he opened a law 
office in Goldendale, Washington Territory. He 
was a member of the upper house of the terri- 
torial legislature, 1888, and a regent of the 
Territorial university, 1888-89. Onthe admission 
of Washington as a state he was Democratic 
candidate for justice of the supreme court and 
was defeated. He was married, May 27, 1891, to 
Minnie A. Freeman, daughter of Smith and 
Martha (Butler) Freeman of Nashville, Tenn. 
In 1896 he became chief-justice of the supreme 
court of Washington, 

REAVIS, Logan Uriah, editor and author, was 
born in Sangamon Bottom, Mason county, IIL, 
March 26,1831. He attended the grammar and 
high schools; taught school 1851-55 ; was an edi- 
tor and part owner of the Gazette, which name he 
changed to the Central Illinoian, Beardstown, IIl., 
1855-57; resided in Nebraska, 1857-60; repurchased 
and edited The Central Illinoian, 1860-66, and 
through lectures and otherwise, inaugurated a 
movement looking to the removal of the national 


RECTOR 
capital to St. Louis, earning for himself the 
sobriquet of ‘‘The Capital Mover,” 1866-79. 
He also began a movement, 1879, to promote im- 
migration to Missouri; made two lecturing tours. 
of England to further the scheme, and in the 
same interests published: The New Republic, or 
the Transition Complete, with an Approaching 
Change of National Empire, based upon the 
Commercial and Industrial Expansion of the 
Great West (1867); St. Lowis the Future Great 
City of the World (1867); and A Change of 
National Empire, or Arguments for the Removal 
of the National Capital from Washington to the 
Mississippi Valley, with maps (1869). He also is 
the author of: A Representative Life of Horace 
Greeley, with an Introduction by Cassius M. Clay 
(1872); Thoughts for the Young Men and Women 


of America (1873); Life of Gen. William S._ 


Harney (1875), and Railway and River System 
(1879). He died in St. Louis, Mo., April 25, 1889, 

RECTOR, Henry Massey, governor of Ark- 
ansas, was bornin St. Louis, Mo., May 1, 1816; 


son of Elias and Fannie B. (Thruston) Rector; | 


grandson of John Rector, and of the Hon. John 
Thruston of Kentucky, and great-grandson of 
Frederick M. Rector, 
who emigrated from 
Wurtemburg, Sax- 
ony, and settled in 
Fauquier county, Va., 
during Lord Dun- 
more’s administra- 
TION as a tiChanoL 
the British crown. 
Henry spent his early 
years as a_ laborer 
in Missouri, attended 
school in Louisville, 
Ky., 1834-85, and in 
1835 removed to Ar- 
kansas to look after 
landed interests in- 
herited from his father, 





He was married in 1839 
to Miss Field, and a second time to the daughter of 


Albert Linde. He was teller of the State bank of 
Arkansas, 1839-40; engaged in farming in Saline 
county, Ark., in 1841, and studied law. He was 
appointed U.S. marshal for the district of Ark- 
ansas by President Tyler, serving, 1842-45; was 
elected to the state senate in 1848, and engaged 
in the practice of law in Little Rock in 1854, 
confining himself chiefly to criminal law. He 
was elected a judge of the supreme court in 1859, 
and governor of Arkansas as an Independent 
Democrat for a four years’ term. He refused to 
furnish Arkansas’s quota of 750 men in response 
to Lincoln’s call in 1861, and seized the arsenal 
at Little Rock and the Fort at Fort Smith, with 
all arms, ammunition and stores. He was @ 


[428] 











RECTOR 












































yember of the military board which raised and 
equipped forty regiments for the Confederate 
army in May, 1861, and in June, 1862, was forced 
to retire from office because the convention of 
1861 had omitted in its enactments to continue 
the office of governor, and therefore, after a con- 
fest, the state supreme court declared it vacant. 
e then joined the reserve corps of the Confed- 
erate army and served as a private until the close 
f the war, having been refused a commissary or 
quarter-master’s position. He engaged in the 
fcr ton business after the war, and was a member 
of the state constitutional convention in 1868. 
He died in Little Rock, Ark., in August, 1899. 

_ RECTOR, John Benjamin, jurist, was born 
in Jackson county, Ala., Nov. 24, 1837. He re- 
moved with his parents to Texas in 1847, prepared 
for college and was graduated from Yale in 1859. 
He was admitted to the bar; established himself 
in practice in Austin, Texas; served throughout 
the civil warin Terry’s Texas Rangers, and in 
1865 removed to Bastrop, Texas, and resumed 
his law practice. He was attorney of the 2d 
judicial district of Texas, 1866-67; judge of. the 
tate court, 1871-76 ; engaged in private practice 
in Austin, 1876-92, and was judge of the U.S. 
court for the northern district of Texas, 1892-98. 
He died in Austin, Texas, April 9, 1898. 
-REDDEN, Laura Catherine. See Searing, 
Laura Catherine Redden. 

REDFIELD, Anna Maria Treadwell, scientist, 
was born in L’Orignal, Ontario, Jan. 17, 1800; 
daughter of Nathaniel Hazard and Margaret 
(Platt) Treadwell, and granddaughter of Judge 
Charles Platt. Her father removed his family to 
ttsburgh, N.Y., in 1812, and she was graduated 
at the seminary of Mrs. Emma Willard, Middle- 

bury, Vt., and took a post-graduate course under 
direction of her uncle, the Rev. Dr. Henry Davis 
(q.v.), president of Hamilton college. She was 
married, Feb. 7, 1820, to Lewis H. Redfield, editor 
of the Register, Onondaga Hollow, N.Y., and re- 
moved to Syracuse, N.Y., in 1829, when her hus- 
) consolidated the Register with the Syra- 
use Gazette. Mrs. Redfield made a large collec- 
at n of shells, minerals and botanical specimens 
which she used in the preparation of her work, 
lustrating nature in living forms and in papers 
ared for the use of students of nature in 
familton college, and by the Long Island and 
icago historical societies. At the time she 
din Syracuse, that city was the centre of 
anced thought, and she was actively inter- 
d in the conventions held there in the in- 
of political economy, religion and educa- 
Ingham university, Le Roy, N.Y., conferred 


ae 


never before accorded to any woman in 
Her husband died, July 14, 1882, two 


‘ 
: LiCd. 
a * 


REDFIELD 


sons and four daughters surviving. Mrs. Redfield 
is the author of : Zodlogical Science, or Nature 
in Living Forms, which work Professor Agassiz 
pronounced ‘* would do credit to the majority of 
college professors.” She died in Syracuse, N.Y., 
June 15, 1888. 

REDFIELD, Isaac Fletcher, jurist, was born in 
Wethersfield, Vt., April 10, 1804; son of Dr. 
Peleg and Hannah (Parker) Redfield. His 
parents removed to Coventry, Vt., in 1805, and 
he was graduated from Dartmouth college, A.B., 
1825, A.M. 1828; was admitted to the bar in 
Orleans county, Vt., in 1827, and established him- 
self in practice in Derby, and later in Windsor, 
Vt. He was state’s attorney for Orleans county, 
1832-35 ; judge of the supreme court of Vermont, 
1885-52; chief-judge, 1852-60, and professor of 
medical jurisprudence at Dartmouth, 1857-61, 
He removed to Boston in 1861, and was sent as 
special counsel of the United States government 
to adjust claims with Great Britain, and to re- 
cover property held on behalf of the Southern 
Confederacy. He was twice married, first, Sept. 
28, 1836, to Mary Ward Smith of Stanstead, 
Vt., and secondly, May 4, 1842, to Catharine 
Blanchard Clark of St. Johnsbury, Vt. The 
degree of A.M. was conferred on him by the 
University of Vermont in 1885, and that of LL.D. 
by Trinity college in 1849, and by Dartmouth in 
1855. He edited the American Law Register of 
Philadelphia, 1862-76, and is the author of: 
Practical Treatise on the Law of Railways (1857); 
Law of Wills (8 parts, 1864-70); Practical Treatise 
of Civil Pleading and Practice with Forms (1868) ; 
The Law of Carriers and Bailments (1869), and 
Leading American Railway Cases (2 vols., 1870). 
He .also edited Judge Joseph Story’s ‘‘ Equity 
Pleadings” and ‘* Conflict of Laws” and Greenleaf 
‘“*On Evidence.” He died in Charlestown, Mass., 
March 23, 1876. 

REDFIELD, William C., pioneer railroad pro- 
jector, was born at Middletown, Conn., March 26, 
1789. He was a saddler and harness maker’s 
apprentice, 1803-10; engaged in the business, 
1810-27, and in 1827 removed to New York city 
and interested himself in steam navigation. He 
introduced a line of large passenger barges towed 
by a steamboat between New York and Albany ; 
planned a steam railroad route to connect the 
Hudson and Mississippi rivers, which was after- 
ward carried into operation by the New York 
and Erie Railway company ; secured the charter 
of the New York and Harlem railroad; was 
associated with James Brewster in the construc- 
tion of the Hartford and New Haven railroad, 
and petitioned the common council of New York 
city for permission to lay tracks for a street rail- 
road on Canal street. He became a student of 
meteorology and geology, and was elected a 


[429] 


REDPATH 


member of the American Association of Natural- 
ists and Geologists, and its president in 1848. 
The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred on 
him by Yale college in 1839. He is the author of 
** Atlantic Storms” and ‘*‘ Hurricanes and Storms 
of the United States and West Indies,” published 


in the American Journal of Science (1831). He 
died in New York city, Feb. 12, 1857. 
REDPATH, James, journalist, editor and 


author, was bornin Berwick-on-Tweed, Northum- 
berlandshire, England, Aug. 24, 1833. His father 
was a school-master, and immigrated with his 
family to the United States, settling in Michigan. 
James obtained em- 
ployment on the Kal- 
amazoo Telegraph in 
1850; was _ subse- 
quently employed as 
a compositor on the 
Advertiser, Detroit, 
Mich., where he did 
his first journalistic 
ee. work, and soon after 
MS, wrote a 


series of 
sketches giving his 


experience and ob- 
servations of under- 
ground life in Phila- 
delphia, which  pro- 
duced a great sensa- 
tion. He wrote articles on life in city prisons, for 
the New York Rambler; was employed on the New 
York Tribune, and during the Kansas troubles in 
1855 was the correspondent for that paper. He 
made a careful study of the Free Soil movement 
from the standpoint of the settlers, and aroused 
the enmity of the opponents of that party, then 
known as ‘‘ Border Ruffians,” by whom his life was 
threatened. In 1857 he made a tour of the south 
on foot, studying the lives of the slaves by associa- 
ting with them, and his observations, known as 
the ‘* Berwick” letters, were published in the 
Tribune. WHefavored the colonization of slaves in 
Hayti, and to that end made visits to that country 
in 1859, and was appointed by the President of 
Hayti emigration agent in the United States and 
Haytian consul in Philadelphia. He founded the 
Haytian bureau of emigration in Boston and 
New York, and published in the interests of the 
movement a weekly newspaper called Pine and 
Palm, having established himself in the book and 
stationery business in Boston. He was war 
correspondent for the New York Tribune and the 
Boston Journal in the armies of the Cumberland 
and Ohio, 1861-65, and in 1865 was superintendent 
of the Freedman’s bureau for the department in- 
cluding South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, 
He organized the Redpath lyceum bureau in 
Boston, Mass., in 1865, and for several years con- 





[430] 


REDWAY 


trolled the public lecture system for the whole 


country. His letters from the distressed districts 
of Ireland in 1879-81, created a considerable sen- 
sation. He made a lecturing tour of the United 
States and published Redpath’s Weekly, 1881 22; 
was editor of the North American Review, 1883; 


editor of Belford’s Magazine, 1884, and was an — 


advocate of the reforms advanced by Henry 
George and Dr. McGlynn. He assisted Jefferson 
Davis, in preparing the revised edition of ‘** Rise 


and Fall of the Confederate States of America” — 


(1881); and Mrs. Davis in compiling the memoirs 
of her husband under the title ‘‘ Jefferson 
Davis Ex-President of the Confederate States of 
America” (1891). Heis the author of : Hand 
Book to Kansas (1859); The Roving Editor, or 
Talks with Slaves in the Southern States (1859); 
Echoes of Hurper’s Ferry (1860); Southern Notes 
(1860); Guide fo Hayti (1860); The John Brown 
Invasion (1860); The Public Life of Captain John 
Brown (1860); John Brown the Hero (1862); Talks 
about Ireland (1881). 
accident, occurred in New York city, Feb. 10, 1891. 

REDWAY, Jaques Wardlaw, geographer, was 
born near Murfreesboro, Tenn., May 5, 1849; son 
of John W. and Lady Alexandrina (Wardlaw) 
Redway. His father and two brothers died in 
the service of the Confederate States, and his 
mother and sister did not longsurvivethem. He 


was placed in the family of a friend in the | 


northern states to be educated, but he ran away 
and was employed on the Morning Post, Chicago, 
and began to study medicine. He went across 


the plains with a party of emigrants, who em- — 


ployed him as a scout and mail rider, and he en- 
gaged in mining and engineering in Oregon, 
California, Arizona and Mexico, 1870-81. He 
took a special course in chemistry at the Univer- 
sity of California, and studied also in Europe, 
where he married Lilian Burnham Lascelle, then 
residing in Dresden. He was instructor in chem- 
istry at the University of California. He also 
traveled in South America, Europe, Asia and 
Northern Africa, making extensive geographical 
researches, 


oo She 


His death, the result of an © 


In 1898 he became a lecturer on geog- 





+ 





raphy and political economy on the Institute staff 


of the University of the State of New York. : 
A research concerning the first landing place of 


Columbus won him a fellowship in the Royal 
Geographical society. He edited: “Sir John 


Mandeville’s Travels ” (1899), and Kinglake’s 


‘*Kothen ” (1899). He is the author of : Manual 
of Geography (1887); joint author of Natural 
Geographies (1898); author of Elementary Physi- 
cal Geography (1900); New Basis of Geography 


(1901); Inquiry Concerning the First Landfall off 


Columbus (1892); The Treeless Plains of North 
America (1894); A Commercial Geography (1902); 
Stories in New York History (1903). 





REDWOOD 














































RE! WOOD, Abraham, philanthropist, was 
rn on the island of Antigua. W.I., in 1710. 
father, son of Abraham and Mehetable (Lang- 
edwood, who was born in Bristol, Eng- 
665, and owned a large sugar plantation 
gua, known as Cassada Garden, removed 
New England colonies in 1712; lived in 
1, Mass., and Newport, R.I., and died at 
min 1728. Abraham, Jr., attended the schools 
deiphia, and in 1727 settled on his father’s 
tate at Portsmouth, R.I., known as Redwood 
wm, which came into his possession on the 
eath of his elder brother, Jonas Langford Red- 
0d. He there cultivated rare plants, shrubs 
nd trees. He was married about 1730 to Martha 
shall of Newport. He gave £500 for the 
hase in London of standard books, and in 
750 the Redwood Library company, Newport, 
is formed, and an edifice was built. During 
he Revolutionary wara large number of the 
mes in the library were destroyed, but these 
afterward replaced. He also gave £500 to 
Society of Friends, of which he was a mem- 
for the establishment of a school in Newport, 
alike sum to found Friends school in Prov- 
ice, organized, 1784, long conducted by Augus- 
Jones (q.v.). His son. Jonas Langford, mar- 
pe Pigall! Godfrey ; their son, Abraham, be- 
e a benefactor of the Redwood library, and 
iis coat of arms and portrait are on the walls of 
library building. Abraham Redwood the 
died in Newport, R.I., March 6, 1788, 
EED, Elizabeth Armstrong, author, was 
in Winthrop, Maine, May 16, 1842; daughter 
in and Sylvia (Morrell) Armstrong ; grand- 
ter of William and Hannah (Legrow) Arm- 
ig, and of Benjamin and Elizabeth Morrell, 
descendant of Captain William Armstrong, 
was born in Carlisle, England, April 20, 
ind settled in Readfield, Maine, in 1774, 
ome of the family still live. Her parents 
both prominent educators, and she studied 
ader private tutors and at home until 1860, She 
bie rried, April 29, 1860, to Hiram Von Reed 
darvard, Ill. She was elected a member of 
ernational Congress of Orientalists: the 
} Asiatic society ; the Victoria Institute, 
- Philosophical Society of Great Britain. 
chairman of the Woman’s Congress of 
ogy held at Chicago, Ill., in 1893, and (in 
vas the only woman whose work had been 
ted by the Philosophical Society of Great 
n. She is the author of: The Bible Trium- 
1866); Hindu Literature, or the Ancient 
f India (1891); Persian Literature, Ancient 
erm (1893); Primitive Buddhism, its 
md Teachings (1896). In 1903 she was 
etive work upon important books of 


REED 


REED, George Edward, educator, was born in 
Brownville, Maine, March 28, 1846 ; son of the 
Rev. George and Ann (Hellyer) Reed, who came 
from England to America in 1838. His father 
was a clergyman of the Wesleyan Methodist 
church in England, 
and his great-grand- 


mother was a class 
leader under John 
Wesley. His father 


died in 1852, leaving 
the family in strait- 
ened circumstances, 
and they removed to 
Lowell, Mass., where 
George attended the 
public schools. He 
obtained employment 
inea) mill, and 
worked on a farm, 
and deciding to be- 
come a minister, he 
entered the Wesleyan 
Mass., 





Wilbraham, 


academy, 
in 1864, completed a three years’ course in 
half a year, was graduated from Wesleyan uni- 


versity, Middletown, Conn., in 1869, and studied 
theology at Boston university in 1870, meanwhile 
preaching at Cliftondale, Mass. He was married 
in June, 1870, to Ella Frances Leffingwell of Nor- 
wich, Conn. He was pastor at Willimantic, 
Conn., 1870-72; at Fall River. Mass:. 1872-75 ; of 
Hanson Place (1875-78, 1884-87) and Nostrand 
Avenue churches (1881-84), Brooklyn, N.Y.; at 
Stamford, Conn., 1878-81; and of Trinity church, 
New Haven, Conn., 1887-89. He was president of 
Dickinson college, Carlisle, Pa., 1889-1903, suc- 
ceeding Dr. James Andrew McCauley (q.v.), re- 
signed. He deeded the president’s house, valued 
at $16,000, to the college, and during his adminis- 
tration the Dickinson school of law was estab- 
lished. He was state librarian of Pennsylvania, 
1899-1902, when he resigned, not being in politi- 
cal accord with the state administration. The 
honorary degree of S.T.D. was conferred on him 
by Wesleyan university in 1886, and that of 
LL.D. by Lafayette college in 1889. He con- 
tributed largely to magazines and newspapers. 
REED, Henry Hope, educator, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa.. July 11, 1808: son of Joseph 
and Maria Ellis (Watmough) Reed. He was 
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 
A.B., 1825, A.M., 1828; was admitted to the bar 
in 1829, and entered into practice in Philadel- 
phia. He was assistant professor of moral phil- 
osophy at the University of Pennsylvania, 1831- 
34; professor of rhetoric and English literature, 
1834.54, and vice-provost, 1845. He was elected 
a member of the American Philosophical society 
in 1838, and received the honorary degree of 


[431] 


REED 


LL.D. from the University of Vermont in 1846. 
He was married to Elizabeth White, daughter of 
Enos Bronson of Philadelphia. He assisted 
Wordsworth in an arrangement ofan American 
edition of his poems in 1837, and wrote a preface 
to the volume and an article on Wordsworth in 
the New York Review in 1839. He also superin- 
tended the publication of an edition of Dr. Chris- 
topher Wordsworth’s memoirs of the poet (2 vols., 
1851). He edited Alexander Reed’s ‘‘ Dictionary 
of the English Language” (1845); American re- 
prints of Thomas Arnold’s ‘‘ Lectures on Modern 
History (1845); George F. Graham’s ‘‘ English 
Synonyms” (1847); Lord Mahon’s ‘‘ History of 
England” (2 vols., 1849), and the poetical works 
of Thomas Gray, with a memoir (1850). He is 
the author of: Lectures of English Literature 
from Chaucer to Tennyson (1855); Lectures on 
English History and Tragic Poetry as Illustrated 
by Shakespeare (1855); Lectures on the History of 
the American Union (1856), and Lectures on the 
British Poets (2 vols., 1857). He sailed for Eng- 
land on the steamer Arctic, which was lost at sea, 
Sept 27, 1854. 

REED, James, clergyman, was born in Boston, 
Mass., Dec. 8, 1834; son of Sampson and Cath- 
erine (Clark) Reed; grandson of the Rev. Dr. 
John and Hannah (Sampson) Reed, and of John 
and Lydia (Sanderson) Clark, and a descendant 
of William Reade of Weymouth, Mass., who 
arrived from England in 1635. He was graduated 
from Harvard, A.B., 1855, A.M., 1858, and was 
married, Dec. 19, 1858, to Emily Elizabeth, 
daughter of Francis Ripley of Brookline, Mass. 
He entered the ministry of the New Church 
(Swedenborgian), and was connected with the 
Boston society of the New Jerusalem Church as 
assistant minister, 1860-68, being made pastor in 
1868. In 1894 he became president of the New 
Church Theological seminary. He also served as 
president of the Massachusetts Home for Intem- 
perate Women, and as a member of the Boston 
school board. He edited the New Church Review 
from 1894, and is the author of : Religion and 
Life (1869); Man and Woman, Equal but Unlike 
(1870); Swedenborg and the New Church (1880). 

REED, John, clergyman, was born in Framing- 
ham, Mass., Nov. 11, 1751; son of Solomon (a 
clergyman at Middleborough, Mass.) and Abigail 
(Stoughton, or Houghton) Reed; grandson of 
William and Alice (Nash) Reed, and a descend- 
ant of William Reade of Weymouth, who came 
from England about 1635. He was graduated 
from Yale in 1772; was married in 1780 to Han- 
nah, daughter of Uriah and Anna (White) Samp- 
son of Middleborough, and practised law, 1773- 
80. He was ordained to the Congregational 
ministry in 1780, and was settled at the church 
in West Bridgewater, 1780-1831. He represented 


REED 


his district in the 4th, 5th and 6th congresses as 
a Federalist, 1795-1801, and served for a time as 
chaplain of the U.S. navy. He received the hon- 
orary degree of D.D. from Brown in 1803. He is 
the author of : An Apology for the Rite of Infant 
Baptism (1806), besides several ordination and 
convention sermons (1787-1804). He died in 
West Bridgewater, Mass., Feb. 17, 1831. 

REED, John, representative, was born in 
West Bridgewater, Mass., Sept. 2, 1781; son 
of the Rev. Dr. John and Hannah (Sampson) 
Reed. He was graduated from Brown uni- 
versity, A.B., 1803, A.M., 1806; was tutor in 
languages at Brown, 1804-06; principal of the 
academy at Bridgewater, Mass., 1806-07 ; studied 
law with William Baylies, and engaged in prac- 
tice in Yarmouth, Mass. He was married in 
1809 to Olive, daughter of Abiezer and Hepzibah 
(Keith) Alger of West Bridgewater. He was a 
Federalist representative in the 13th and 14th 
congresses, 1813-17; a Whig representative in 
the 17th-26th congresses, 1821-41, and lieutenant- 
governor of Massachusetts, 1845-51. The honor- 
ary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by 
Brown in 1845. He died in West Bridgewater, 
Mass., Nov. 25, 1860. 

REED, Joseph, statesman, was born in Tren- 
ton, N.J., Aug. 27, 1741; son of Andrew and 
Theodosia (Bowers) Reed. His grandfather emi- 
grated from Carrickfergus, Ireland, and _ his 
father, a prosperous storekeeper in Trenton, 
removed to Philadelphia, Pa., soon after 1741, 
residing there till about 1752, when he returned 
to Trenton. Joseph prepared for college in 
Philadelphia, and was graduated from the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, A.B., 1757, A.M., 1760; 
studied law with Robert Stockton, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1762. He was a law student 
at the Middle Temple, London, England, 1765-67, 
and was deputy-secretary of New Jersey in 1767. 
He was married in May, 1770, to Esther, daughter 
of Dennis De Berdt of London, England. He 
removed to Philadelphia in October, 1770, and 
there continued the practice of law. 
upon the succession of the Earl of Dartmouth 


In 1772, — 


to the colonial office, Reed became his confiden- — 


tial correspondent, and was of great assistance 
to the colonists in informing the British ministry 
of the actual condition of affairs in America. 
He endeavored to persuade the British ministry 
to adopt moderate measures toward the colonists 
and advised that: ‘‘ This country will be deluged 
in blood before it will submit to any taxation 
than by their own legislature.” He was a mem- 
ber of the committee of correspondence for Phila- 
delphia in 1774; was president of the Pennsyl- 
vania .provincial convention in January, 1775; 
accompanied Washington to Boston in July, 
1775, and accepted the post of aide and con- 


[432] 








REED 



























































dential secretary to the commander-in-chief, 
vith the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was 
yairman of the Philadelphia committee of 
, 1775-76, and was a member of the pro- 
vincial assembly, Jan.-Sept., 1776. In June, 
§, he was appointed adjutant-general of the 
Continental army, with the rank of colonel, 
and took an active part in the battles of Long 
island, Aug. 27, 1776; White Plains, Oct. 28, 
776, and Fort Washington, Nov. 16, 1776. In 
77 he was offered the appointment of briga- 
lier-general with the command of all the Ameri- 
car cavalry, and also the chief-justiceship of 
Pennsylvania, both of which offices he refused. 
H e was present as a volunteer officer at the 
battles of Brandywine, Germantown and Mon- 
uth. He was elected a delegate from Pennsy]- 
ia to the Continental congress in September, 
, but remained with the army until April 6, 
8, when he took his seat in the congress 
mbled at York, Pa. He was chairman of a 
co mmittee to confer with Washington concern- 
x the management of the campaign of 1778; 
Balined election to the Pennsylvania assembly 
tabs, 1777, but accepted the appointment 
of president of the supreme executive council, 
Dec. 1, 1778, and continued in office until 1781. 
fe aided in founding the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, of which he was a trustee, 1782-85; favored 
ld abolishment of the proprietary powers of the 
enn family, and in 1780 was instrumental in 
uppressing the insubordination in the Pennsyl- 
ia line. He resumed his law practice in 1781; 
vas a member of the commission to settle the 
boundary dispute between Pennsylvania and 
Co nnecticut ; visited England for his health in 
1784, and was again chosen a delegate to con- 
ss in 1785, but did not live to take his seat. 
e honorary degree of A.M. was conferred on 
by the University of Pennsylvania in 1766. 
as elected a member of the American Philo- 
cal society in 1768, and served as a trustee 
the College of New Jersey, 1780-85. He is 
hor of : Remarks on Governor Johnstone's 
in Parliament (1779), and Remarks on a 
Publication in the Independent Gazetteer, 
an Address to the People of Pennsylvania 
178% ). He died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 5, 1785. 

R REED, Myrtle, author, was born at Norwood 
Par k, Chicago, Ill., Sept. 27, 1874; daughter of 


z; and great granddaughter of Capt. Dyer 
of the American Revolutionary army and 
t. William Armstrong, born in Carlisle, 
id, April 20, 1739. She was graduated 
a Chicago high school in 1893, and became 
snown as a contributor of short stories, verse 


REED 


and essays to periodicals. Her published books 
are: Love Letters of a Musician (1899); Later 
Love Letters of a Musician (1900); The Spinster 
Book (1901). 

REED, Philip, senator, was born in Kent 
county, Md. He was liberally educated, and 
served as a captain in the Revolutionary army. 
He was elected U.S. senator from Maryland by 
the Democratic party to fill the unexpired term 
of Robert Wright, resigned, and served, Dec. 20, 
1806-March 38, 1807, and was re-elected for a full 
term, serving 1807-18. At Moorefields, Md., Aug. 
30, 1814, he was in command of the regiment of 
Maryland guards that defeated the British sea- 
men under Sir Peter Parker. He was a Demo- 
cratic representative from Maryland in the 15th 
congress, 1817-19, and successfully contested the 
seat of his opponent, Jeremiah Causden, to the 
17th congress, serving, March 20, 1822-March 3, 
1823. He died at Huntingville, Md., Nov. 2, 1829. 

REED, Thomas B., senator, was born in Ken- 
tucky. He practised law in Lexington, Ky., and 
removed to Natchez, Miss., where he presented 
the argument for the defence in the criminal case 
of the state versus the Blennerhassetts in 1818. 
He was attorney-general of the state, 1821-25; 
was elected U.S. senator from Mississippi to com- 
plete the term of David Holmes who had re- 
signed in 1825, Powhatan Ellis having been ap- 
pointed by the governor, senator pro tempore, 
and Reed took his seat, March 11, 1826, serving 
until March 8, 1827. He was re-elected for the 
term expiring March 3, 1833, but died while on 
his way to Washington to take his seat, at Lex- 
ington, Ky., Nov. 26, 1829. 

REED, Thomas Brackett, representative, was 
born in the ancestral home of the Reed family 
for eight generations, in Portland, Maine, Oct. 18, 
1839; son of Thomas im 
Brackett Reed. He erie 
was assisted through ZEN 
Bowdoin college by 
the Congregational 
church of which he 
was a member, this 
course having been 
undertaken with a 
view to his entering 
the ministry. He 
was graduated at 
Bowdoin, A.B., 1860, § MUZE Se 
and when he de #0) 72 iis 
cided upon studying 
law, be dees concern ae &. alec 
was to repay the 
money loaned by the society, which he did by 
teaching in the Portland High school, 1860-63. 
He removed to California in 1863, where he 
completed his law studies and was admitted 





[433] 


REED 


to the bar early in 1865. He received appoint- 
ment as acting assistant paymaster in the U.S. 
navy, April 19, 1864, and served in the Mississippi 
squadron on various vessels up to Nov. 4, 1865, 
when he was honorably discharged. He estab- 
lished himself in the practice of law in Portland ; 
was a Republican representative in the state 
legislature, 1868-69; state senator in 1870; at- 
torney-general of the state, 1870-72, and city 
solicitor of Portland, 1874-77. He was a Repub- 
lican representative from Maine in the 45th-55th 
congresses, 1877-99, serving as speaker of the 
house during the 5lst, 54th and 55th congresses. 
He was the minority leader in the 52d and 53d 
congresses; chairman of the committee on ways 
and means, and a vigorous opponent to the free 
coinage of silver. As chairman of the judiciary 
committee in the 47th congress he introduced and 
secured the passage of the bill distributing the 
balance of the Geneva award. As speaker of 
the house in the 51st congress, he introduced a 
measure, afterward known as the ‘‘ Reed Rules,” 
for completing a quorum by ordering recorded as 
present on the roll-call the names of the opposi- 
tion present who refused to respond to the call. 
In this course he reversed the practice of the 
house and brought upon himself severe criticism, 
including the characterization of ‘‘ Czar.” The 
supreme court sustained his position, and the 
house adopted the rule, Feb. 14, 1890. When by 
change in the house he became merely the leader 
of the minority, he as skilfully fought for mi- 
nority rights as he had before for the majority 
rule, and on financial and tariff questions his 
strength was acknowledged by the opposition and 
applauded by his own party. His course secured 
his re-election as speaker of the 54th and 55th 
congresses, but he did not agree with the admin- 
istration of President McKinley on the questions 
growing out of the war with Spain, and rather 
than embarrass his party by joining those opposed 
to the expansion policy, he resigned in August, 
1899, and became a member of a prominent law 
firm in New York city. He received the honor- 
ary degree of LL.D. from Colby university in 
1885, and from Bowdoin college in 1890. He is 
the author of: Reed’s Rules (1894), and edited 
“Modern Eloquence” (10 vols. 1901), being assisted 
in this work by McCarthy, Rossiter and Bergh. 
His last political utterance was a paper entitled 
‘“ What Shall We Do with the Tariff ?”, published 
in the North American Review, December, 1902. 
He died while on a visit to Washington, D.C., 
Dec. 7, 1902. 

REED, William Bradford, historian and dip- 
lomatist, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 30, 
1806 ; son of Joseph and Maria Ellis (Watmough) 
Reed; grandson of Joseph and Esther (De Berdt) 
Reed, and great-grandson of Andrew and Theo- 


REEDER 


dosia (Bowers) Reed. He was graduated from 
the University of Pennsylvania, A.B., 1822, A.M., 
1825; accompanied Joel R. Poinsett (q.v.) to Mex- 
ico, serving as his private secretary, 1825-27, 
and established himself in the practice of law 
in Philadelphia. He was a representative in 
the state legislature, 1834-35 ; attorney-general 
of Pennsylvania in 1838; state senator in 1841; 
vice-provost of the law academy, Philadelphia, 
1840-41, and professor of American history at the 
University of Pennsylvania, 1850-56. He was 
U.S. minister to China, 1857-58, and negotiated 
the treaty of 1860, securing to the United States 
all the advantages acquired by the allies from the 
Chinese. He settled in New York city, and engaged 
in journalistic and literary work. He was elected a 
member of the American Philosophical society 
in 1856, and of the Historical Society of Penn- 
sylvania. The honorary degree of LL.D. was 
conferred on him by Harvard in 1860. He was 
twice married: first, to Louisa Whelan of Balti- 
more, Md.; and, secondly, to Mary Love, daughter 
of Robert Ralston of Philadelphia. He contri- 
buted to the press of New York city; was American 
correspondent of the London Times; edited the 
works of his brother, Henry Hope Reed, and is 
the author of : Life and Correspondence of Joseph 
Reed (2 vols., 1847); Life of Esther De Berdt, 
afterwards Esther Reed (1853); President Reed of 
Pennsylvania: a Reply to George Bancroft and 
Others; A Rejoindzr to Mr. Bancroft’s Historical 
Essay, besides pamphlets on historical subjects. 
He died in New York city, Feb. 18, 1876. 

REED, William Shields, educator, was born 
in West Nottingham, Pa., April 21, 1778; son of 
Adam and Martha (Shields) Reid, who emigrated 
from the North of Ireland to Pennsylvania. He 
was graduated at the College of New Jersey, 
A.B., 1802, A.M., 1805 ; taught in the Georgetown, 
D.C., academy, 1802-04; was professor in Hamp- 
den-Sidney college, Va., 1804-06, and president 
of the college, as successor to Dr. Archibald 
Alexander, 1806-08. Having, while engaged in 
teaching, taken a course in theology under Drs. 


Balch and Hoge, he was licensed to preach by the _ 


presbytery of Winchester in 1806, and removed 
to Lynchburg, Va., 1808, where he opened a 
school for young ladies, which he conducted until 
1848. 


He organized a Presbyterian church in- 
Lynchburg, of which he was pastor, 1822-53. He — 


ch 














received the honorary degree D.D. from the Col- — 


lege of New Jersey in 1834, He died in Lynch- 
burg, Va., June 23, 1853. 

REEDER, Andrew Horatio, governor of Kan- 
sas, was born at Easton, Pa., July 12, 1807; son 
of Absalom and Christina (Smith) Reeder ; grand- 
son of John and Hannah (Marchand) Reeder and 
of Leonard and Regina (Hungesser) Smith, and 
a descendant of John Reeder of Norwich, Eng- 


[434] 





REEDER 

















































- 

. unc . who settled at Newtown, Long Island, about 
650. - Heattended the academy at Lawrence- 

le, N.J., and practised law in Easton from 
, attaining a high position at the Pennsylvania 
al as a campaign orator in Democratic 
ical meetings. He was married, Sept. 13, 
f $1, to Fredericka Amalia, daughter of Chris- 
8 n J. and Charlotte (Bauer) Hutter of Easton. 
He was appointed by President Pierce, governor 
of Kansas Territory in 1854, and although in 
sympathy with the policy of the administration 
arding slavery, he expressed himself as satis- 
f that the admission of the institution in 
Kansas would result in lawlessness, and he was 
emoved from office in July, 1855. He claimed 
to have been elected a Free State delegate from 
Kansas to the 34th congress in 1855, but his elec- 
tion was successfully contested by John W. 
Whitfield, the incumbent delegate; and after 
his election as U.S. senator under the Topeka 
constitution, which congress refused to ratify, 
‘Mr. Reeder returned to Easton, where he sup- 
ported John C. Frémont, the Republican candidate 
for President. He was chairman of the Republi- 
can state delegation to the national convention at 
Chicago in 1860; a candidate for Vice-President 
_ before the convention, receiving the third highest 
vote, and in 1861,after having secured the ap- 
-pointment of Simon Cameron as secretary of 
_ war, declined a commission as brigadier-general 
inthe U.S. army from President Lincoln. On 
Sept. 23, 1901, his portrait was presented to the 
county of Northampton, by his surviving son and 
aughter, on the ground that he had no military 
education except that gained by his service as 
tain in the state militia at Easton. He, how- 
sent three sons to the Union army. He was 
rman of the Republican state delegation to 
epublican national convention of 1864, which 
minated Lincoln for President, and served 
s chairman of the commission to investigate 
charges against Surgeon-General Hammond 
1864. He died in Easton, Pa., July 5, 1864. 
FEEDER, William Augustus, representative, 
was born in Cumberland county, Pa., Aug. 28, 
He removed with his parents to Ipava, 
ton county, Ill., in 1853, attended the public 
St ools, and taught school in Illinois, 1863-71, 
and in Beloit, Kan., 1871-79. He was married, 
f 18, 1876, to Bani H. Andrews of Beloit, 
and removed to Logan, Kan., where he engaged 
banking. In 1890, in partnership with A. H. 
isand J. J. Wiltrout, he purchased an exten- 
e tract of land on the Solomon river, and 
lished the largest irrigation farm in the 
. of Kansas. He was a Republican repre- 
tive from the sixth congressional district 
Kansas in the 56th, 57th ard 58th congresses, 
-1905, 


- 


REESE 


REES, John Krom, astronomer, was born in 
New York city, Oct. 27, 1851; son of Hans and 
Lucinda (Krom) Rees; grandson of Iver Jensen 
and Lena Maria Rees and of Reuben and Mary 
(Dubois) Krom, and a descendant of Louis Du- 
Bois (1660). He was graduated from Columbia 
college, A.B., 1872, A.M., 1875, and from the 
Columbia School of Mines, E.M., 1875. He was 
assistant in mathematics at the School of Mines, 
1873-76 ; was married Sept. 7, 1876, to Louise E., 
daughter of Nathaniel and Emma (Chambers) 
Sands of New York city ; was professor of math- 
ematics and astronomy at Washington university, 
St. Louis, Mo., 1876-81; was recalled to Columbia 
as director of the observatory in 1881, and also 
served as adjunct professor of geodesy and prac- 
tical astronomy, 1882-84 ; and professor, 1884-92, 
being transferred to the chair of astronomy in 
1892. He was chairman of the board of editors 
of the School of Mines Quarterly, 1883-90. He 
prepared with Prof. Harold Jacoby (q.v.) and 
Dr. Herman 8. Davis as assistants, an account of 
the seven years’ campaign (1898-1900) with the 
Royal Observatory of Naples (M. Fergola, direc- - 
tor), for the purpose of determining the varia- 
tions of latitude, and the constant of aberration, 
the result of this work being published by the 
New York Academy of Sciences as a volume of 
the Annals of the Academy (1903): and under 
his general direction the measurements and re- 
duction of the C. M. Rutherfurd star plates were 
carried out by Professor Jacoby and the Observa- 
tory computing staff, and also published by the 
Academy (1892-1903). In 1900 he completed ar- 
rangements for the mounting of a fixed telescope 
at Helsingfors, Finland, adapted for photograph- 
ing star plates about the North Pole, according 
to a plan suggested by Professor Jacoby. For 
astronomical work done, the degree of Ph.D. was 
conferred on him by Columbia in 1895. He was 
president of the New York Academy of Sciences, 
1894-96 ; secretary of the American Metrological 
society, 1882-96, being made vice-president in 
1896 ; vice-president of the American Mathemati- 
cal society, 1890-91; secretary of the University 
Council of Columbia university, 1892-98 ; a fellow 
of the Royal Astronomical society of London and 
a member of the Astronomische Gesellschaft. 
He received from the French government in 
January, 1901, the decoration of the Legion of 
Honor. 

REESE, William Brown, jurist and educator, 
was born in Jefferson county, Tenn., Nov. 19, 
1793; son of James Reese, a pioneer settler of 
East Tennessee (then Washington county, N.C.) 
and a representative in the legislature of the 
proposed state of Franklin, 1785-87. William B. 
Reese attended the preparatory school of the Rev. 
Dr. Henderson, and Blount college, and was 


[435] 


REESE 


graduated from Greeneville college, Tenn., about 
1814. He was admitted to the bar in 1817, and 
practised at Knoxville, Tenn. He was president 


of the East Tennes- 


see Historical society, 
1830-59; chancellor 
of the eastern district 
of Tennessee, 1831-35, 
succeeding Nathan 
Green, resigned, and 
in 1835 was unani- 
mously elected by the 
legislature a judge of 
the supreme court, 
serving on the bench 
until 1847, when his 
term expired, and he 
became a candidate 
for U.S. senator, but 
was defeated by John 
He became president of East Tennessee 





Bell. 
university in 1850, as successor to President East- 
brook, resigned, and Judge Reese resigned in 


1853. He advocated the building of a canal to 
one of the South Atlantic ports, and was in- 
terested in the introduction of railroads in his 
native state. He received the honorary degree 
of LL.D. from East Tennessee university, 1845. 
He died near Knoxville, Tenn., July 7, 1859. 
REESE, William Smythe, educator, was born 
in Pipestone, Mich., May 18, 1850 ; a descendant of 
the Reeses and Rulisons of the Schoharie Valley, 
N.Y. He attended the schools of Berrien county, 
and was graduated from Otterbein university, 
Westerville, Ohio, Ph.B., 1885, Ph.M., 1888. He 
was married, June 11, 1874, to Amy M., daughter 
of David and Mary Johnson of Westerville, Ohio, 
and engaged in farming. He entered the min- 
istry of the United Brethren church, in 1886; 
was ordained in 1888, and was pastor at Marion, 
Ohio, and at Avalon, Mo. He was professor of 
mathematics at Avalon college, 1887-89, and at 
Western college, Toledo, Iowa, 1889-94; was 
president of York college, Nebraska, 1894-97 ; was 
elected president of Westfield college, Illinois, in 
1897, serving as professor of mental and moral sci- 
ence there, 1897-1900, as professor of philosophy, 
1900-02, and as professor of mathematics and ped- 
agogy from 1902. The honorary degree of D.D. 
was conferred on him by York college in 1900. 
REEVE, Charles McCormick, lawyer, was 
born in Dansville, N.Y., Aug. 7, 1847; son of 
Gen. Isaac V. D. and Elizabeth (Mann) Reeve; 
grandson of Isaac and Harriet (Howell) Reeve, 
and of Joshua and Elizabeth (Hurlbert) Shepard, 
and a descendant of James Reeve, who came to 
Southold, L.I., in 1640, from England ; Ralph 
Shepard, who came from Stepney Parish, Eng- 
land, in 1634, and settled in Massachusetts, and 


REEVE 


Edward Howell, who came from England in 
1635, and settled on Long Island, N.Y. He at- 
tended Canandaigua academy, was graduated 
from Yale, A.B., 1870, A.M., 1873, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1872. Hewas married, June 
4, 1873, to Christine, daughter of James and 
Helen (Wetherbee) Lawrence, and established 
himself in practice in Minneapolis. He was a 
representative in the state legislature in 1890; 
was sent to Russia during the famine of 1892 asa 
relief commissioner from Minnesota and Ne- 
braska, and was secretary of the World’s Fair 
commission, 1891-938. At the outbreak of the 
Spanish-American war he was appointed colonel 
of the 13th Minnesota volunteers, May 7, 1898; 
was promoted brigadier-general, U.S.V., Aug. 13, 
1898, for gallant and meritorious service in the 
battle of Manila, and served as deputy provost- 
marshal and 1st American chief-of-police, of 
Manila. He was appointed warden of the Min- 
nesota State prison, Dec. 1, 1899. He is the 
author of How We Went, and What We Saw 
(1890). 

REEVE, Tapping, jurist, was born in Brook- 
haven, L.I., in October, 1744; son of the Rev. 
Abner Reeve, a minister of Long Island, and 
afterward of Vermont, who lived to be one 
hundred and four years old, preaching his last 
sermon when one hundred and two years of age. 
He was graduated from the College of New 
Jersey, A.B., 1763, A.M., 1766; taught schooi at 
Elizabeth, N.J., being joint headmaster of a 
flourishing institution, 1763-67, and at the same 
time was a tutor to Aaron and Sarah (children of 
the Rey. Aaron) Burr. He was a tutor at the 
College of New Jersey, 1767-70; married Sarah 
Burr in 1771, when she was seventeen years of 
age ; studied law with Judge Root, and in 1772 
established himself in practice in Litchfield, Conn. 
Owing to his wife’s invalidism he could not take 
up active service in the Revolutionary war, 
although an ardent patriot. In December, 1776, 
however, he was appointed by the Connecticut 
assembly a member of the committee (as was 
Oliver Ellsworth, his classmate at college) to go 
through the state and rouse the people to aid the 
desperate Continental army by enlistments. He 
himself took a commission as an officer, and got 
as far as New York with the new volunteers, 
when the news of the battles of Trenton and 
Princeton, and Washington’s altered fortunes 
reached him, and he immediately returned to his 
invalid wife. In 1784 he founded a law school 
in Litchfield, in which he was the only instructor 
till 1798, when James Gould became associated 
with him, the school of Reeve and Gould becom- 
ing the most prominent of its kind in the country. 
His wife died, March 30, 1797, leaving one son, 
Aaron Burr Reeve, born Oct. 3, 1780; graduated 


[436] 





re 


fi REEVES 














































t Yale. 1802; married Annabella Sheldon of New 
York, Nov. 21, 1808; settled as a lawyer at Troy, 
v.Y., and died there, Sept. 1, 1809, leaving ason, 
Tapping Burr Reeve, who died at Litchfield, 
. 28, 1829, age 20 years, while a student at 

ale. Annabella Reeve, after the death of her 
first husband, married David T. Burr of New 
Haven, and removed to Richmond, Va. Judge 
re was married a second time in 1799, and 
wife, who survived him, had no children, 
was a judge of the superior court of Con- 
ecticut, 1798-1814; chief justice of the supreme 
court, 1814, anda Federalist representative in the 
state legislature for several years. The honorary 
degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by Middle- 
bury college, Vt., in 1808, and by the College of 
New Jersey in 1813. He is the author of: The 
Law of Baron and Femme (1816; 2d ed., 1846 ; 
8ded., 1862); Law of Parent and Child (1816); 
Law of Guardian and Ward (1816); Law of Mas- 
ter and Servant (1816 ; 2d ed., 1862); Treatise on 
the Law of Descents in the United States of 
America (1825), and Essays on the Legal Import 
the Terms, Heirs, Heirs of the Body Issue, Ete. 

The best biographical sketch of him is found in the 
funeral sermon preached over him by his pastor, 
the Rev. Lyman Beecher, and published in the 
Christian Spectator for 1887, pp. 62-71. He died 
in Litchfield, Conn., Dec. 13, 1823. 

REEVES, Walter, representative, was born 
near Brownsville, Pa., Sept. 25, 1848; son of 
Harrison and Maria (Leonard) Reeves ; grandson 
of Samuel and Martha (Palmer) Reeves, and of 
Benjamin and Mary Leonard. He removed to 
Tllinois in 1856, and engaged in farming, later 
becoming a teacher. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1875, and practised in the courts of 
inois. He was married, June 27, 1876, to 
wrietta M., daughter of Lucius and Catherine 
‘arner) Cogswell of New Milford, Conn. He 
a Republican representative from the 
enth district of Illinois in the 54th, 55th, 
and 57th congresses, 1895-1903. As a mem- 
of the committee on rivers and harbors he 
ted his energies to the internal development 
e country. He also proposed and prepared 
legislation under which President McKinley 
E inted the Isthmian Canal commission which 
investigated the Panama and Nicaraguan routes 
for the inter-oceanic canal. In the 57thcongress 
was chairman of the cotuamittee on patents. 

EHAN, Ada, actress, was born in Limerick, 
nd, April 22, 1860; daughter of Thomas 
and Harriet Crehan. She immigrated to the 
1ited States with her parents in 1864, and set- 
in Brooklyn, N.Y., where she attended the 
ic schools until 1873. She made her first 
appearance on the stage in Newark, N.J., 
1878, taking the part of an actress in the 


REHN 


company of Oliver Dond Byron, then producing 
“Across the Continent.” She succeeded so well 
that her parents decided upon her adopting the 
profession, which was followed by her older sisters 
as well. She studied for one year, and then 
played in support of Edwin Booth, Adelaide 
Neilson, John McCullough, Mrs. D. P. Bowers, 
John T. Raymond and Lawrence Barrett in the 
roles of Ophelia, Desdemona, Celia, Olivia and 
other Shakesperian characters, in Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, Albany, and Louisville stock com- 
panies. She declined the offer of leading lady in 
Edwin Booth’s company to engage with Augus- 
tin Daly in 1878, and in 1879 made her appear- 
ance under his management at Daly’s theatre, 
New York city, as Nelly Beers in ‘* Love’s Young 
Dream” and as Lulu Ten Eyck in “ Divorce.” 
She became very successful in such comedy réles 
as Katherine in ‘‘The Taming of the Shrew,” 
Rosalind in ‘* As You Like It ; ” the Countess Vera 
in *‘ The Last Word ;” and the principal female 
characters in ‘‘ Cinderella at School ;” ‘* Needles 
and Pins ;” ‘*‘ A Wooden Spoon; ” ‘* The Railroad 
of Love ;” ‘“‘ After Business Hours ;” ‘* Our Eng- 
lish Friends,” and “The Country Girl.” She 
achieved remarkable success in Daly’s company 
in London and Paris, and remained under the one 
manager until his death in 1899, when she retired 
from the stage. 

REHN, Frank Knox Morton, artist, was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., April 12, 1848; som of Pro- 
fessor Isaac and Abigail Francis (Zelly) Rehn: 
grandson of James and Susanna (Asy) Zelly, and 
a descendant of immigrants from Holland. He 
attended the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts 
under Christian Schussell, and engaged in por- 
trait, landscape, marine, still-life and figure 
painting. He was married, Dec. 1, 1881, to Mar- 
garet Selby, daughter of George C. and Margaret 
(Rackliffe) Bower of Philadelphia, and removed to 
New York city, where he opened astudio. Heex- 
hibited at the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts 
and the National Academy of Design, New York 
city, and was awarded the first prize for marine 
painting at the St. Louis exposition in 1882 ; a prize 
of $250 at a water-color competitive exhibition 
held in New York in 1885, a gold medal at the prize 
fund exhibition at New York in 1886, honorable 
mention at the Paris exposition, 1900, and a silver 
medalat the Pan-American, 1901, and South Caro- 
lina, 1902, expositions. He was made associate 
National Academician, a member of the American 
Water Color society, and of the New YorkWater 
Color club. Among his most famous paintings 
are: The Turkish Harem; Looking down on the 
Sea from the Rocks at Magnolia, Mass. (1885); 
The Missing Vessel; The Close of a Summer Day 
(1887); Evening, Gloucester Harbor (1887) ; and 
the Derelict (1892). 


[437] 


REICHEL 


REICHEL, Charles Gotthold, Moravian bishop, 
was born in Hermsdorf, Silesia, July 14, 1751; 
son of the Rev. C. R. Reichel, a Lutheran min- 
ister. He was educated in the Moravian college 
at Nisby, and in the theological seminary at 
Gradenfeld, Germany, and came to the United 
States in 1784 to take charge of the boys’ mili- 
tary boarding school at Nazareth, Pa., founded 
by Francis Christian Lembke in 1759. Under 
Reichel’s administration the school was greatly 
increased, and he resigned the principalship in 
1801 to receive consecration to the episcopacy of 
the Moravian church. He served as presiding 
bishop of thesouthern district, residing in Salem, 
N.C., until 1811, when he was transferred to the 
northern district, and resided in Bethlehem, Pa. 
He was present at the general synod at Herrn- 
hut, Saxony, in 1818, after which he resigned his 
appointment and continued to live in Germany. 
He received the honorary degree of D.D. from 
the University of North Carolina in 1811. He 
died at Niesky, Prussia, April 18, 1825. 

REICHEL, Levin Theodore, Moravian bishop, 
was born in Bethlehem, Pa., March 4, 1812; son 
of Bishop Charles Gotthold Reichel (q.v.). He 
went with his parents to Saxony in 1818; was 
educated in the Moravian college at Nisby and in 
the theological seminary in Gradenfeld, Germany, 
and returned to the United States in 1834. He 
taught for three years at Nazareth Hall, Pa., 
and subsequently in the theological seminary 
at Bethlehem ; served as preacher in Schoeneck, 
Emmaus and Nazareth, and was principal of 
Nazareth Hall, 1849-53. He was pastor at Lititz, 
Pa., 1853-54, and served as president of the pro- 
vincial board of the southern district, 1854-57, 
residing at Salem, N.C. He was president of the 
general synod at Herrnhut in 1858, and was made 
a member of the mission board, which position he 
continued to hold throughout his hfe. He was 
consecrated bishop, July 7, 1869, and as such 
visited the West Indies and Labrador. He was 
the founder and for several years editor of 
Das Bruder Blatt, the pioneer German Moravian 
publication in the United States,and is the 
author of : History of Nazareth Hall (1855); The 
Moravians in North Carolina (1857); Missions- 
Atlas der Briider-Kirche (1860), and an unfinish- 
ed history of the American branch of the Morav- 
ian church. He died near Herrnhut, Saxony, 
May 23, 1878. 

REICHEL, William Cornelius, author, was 
born in Salem, N.C., May 9, 1824; son of the Rev. 
G. Benjamin Reichel, principal of the Salem 
Female academy, and grandson of Bishop Charles 
Gotthold Reichel (q.v.). He attended Nazareth 
Hall, Pa., and was graduated from the Moravian 
Theological seminary in 1844. He was tutor at 
Nazareth Hall, 1844-48; taught school in Beth- 


REID 


lehem, Pa., 1848-58 ; was professor in the Moray- 
ian Theological seminary, 1858-62; principal of 
Linden seminary, Lititz, Pa., 1862-68, and pro- 
fessor of Latin and natural sciences in the Young 
Ladies’ seminary, Bethlehem, Pa., 1868-76. He 
was ordained to the diaconate in 1862, and to the 
priesthood in May, 1864. “He is the author of 
many books on the early history of the Moravian 
church, including: History of Nazareth Hall (1855); 
History of the Bethlehem Female Seninary 1785- 
1858 (1858); Moravianism in New York and Connec- 
ticut (1860); Memorials of the Moravian Church 
(1870); Wyalusing and the Moravian Mission at 
Friedenshuetten (1871); Names which the Lenni 
Lennapé or Delaware Indians give to Rivers, 
Streams and Localities within the States of Penn- 
sylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia, 
with their Significations (1872); A Red Rose from 
the Olden Time (1872); The Crown Inn near 
Bethlehem, Pa., 1745 (1872); The Old Sun Inn at 
Bethlhem, Pa., 1758 (1873); A Register of Mem- 
bers of the Moravian Church 1727 to 1754 (1873) ; 
and a revised edition of John Heckewelder’s 
History of the indian Nations (1876). He died in 
Bethlehem. Pa., Oct. 15, 1876. 

REID, David Settle, senator, was born in 
Rockingham county, N.C., April 19, 1813 ; son of 
Reuben Reid. He attended the public school; 
was admitted to the bar in 1834, and opened a 
law office in Wentworth. He was a member of 
the state senate, 1885-42; 
a Democratic representative 
from the third North Carolina £ 
district in the 28th and 29th fi 
congresses, 1843-47; was de- 
feated for governor of the 
state in 1848, by Charles 
Manly, Whig, and was gov- 
ernor for two terms, 1851-54, and was U.S. senator 
from North Carolina, from Dec. 11, 1854, to March 
8, 1859, serving as chairman of the committee on 
patents and the patent office. He was a delegate 
to the Peace convention that met in Washington, 
D.C., in February, 1861. He married a daughter 
of the Hon. Thomas Settle (q.v.). He died in 
Wentworth, N.C., June 19, 1891. 

REID, John Morrison, educator, was born in 
New York city, May 30, 1820; son of John and 
Jane (Morrison) Reid. He was graduated from 
the University of the City of New York, A.B., 
1839, A.M., 1842, and was a teacher and principal 
of the Mechanics’ Institute school, New York 
city, 1889-44. He entered the ministry of the 
Methodist Episcopal church in 1844; was pastor 


at Wolcottsville, Conn., 1844-45; New Hartford, | 


Conn., 1846; Jamaica, N.Y., 1847-49; Birming- 
ham, Conn., 1849-50; Middletown, Conn., 1851- 
52; Seventh street, N.Y., 1853-54; Brooklyn, 
N.Y., 1855-56, and Bridgeport, Conn., 1857. He 


[438] 





' 
‘ i ina 











REID 










































s president of Genesee college, Lima, N.Y., 
64: editor of the Western Christian Advo- 
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1864-68 ; editor of the 
hwestern Christian Advocate, Chicago, 1868- 
secretary of the Missionary Society of the 
B. Church, 1872-88, and honorary secretary 
96; delegate to the general conference, 1856- 
nd to the Ecumenical Methodist conference, 
London, England, 1881. He was married first, 
y. 14, 1844, to Ann Mason of New York city ; 
1 secondly, May 3, 1848, to Caroline S., daughter 
of Thomas B. Fanton of Redding, Conn. He 
eived the degrees, A.M., from Wesleyan uni- 
versity in 1858, D.D., from the University of the 
City of New York in 1858, and LL.D. from Syra- 
e university in 1881. He is the author of: 
ions and Missionary Society of the Methodist 
copal Church (2 vols., 1883); Doomed Relig- 
ons (1883), and many religious tracts and pamph- 
lets. He died in New York city, May 16, 1896. 
REID, Robert Raymond, governor of Florida, 
was born in Prince William parish, 8.C., Sept. 8, 
He was educated at South Carolina college, 
din early life removed to Augusta, Ga., where 
was admitted to the bar in 1810. He was 
ge of the Georgia superior court, 1816-18 and 
3-25 ; a Democratic representative in the 15th 


ith congresses, serving from Feb. 18, 1819, to 
uch 3, 1823. He was mayor of Augusta, 1827- 
judge of the superior court for the district 
f East Florida, 1832-39; governor of the terri- 
ry of Florida, 1839-41, and presiding officer 
f the state constitutional convention held at 
oseph, Fla., from Dec. 3, 1838, to Jan. 11, 
He was married in 1811 to Anna Marga- 
McLaws of Augusta, Ga.; secondly, May 8, 
to Elizabeth Napier Delphia Virginia Ran- 
of Columbia county, Ga.; and thirdly, 
, 1837, to Mary Martha, daughter of Capt. 
mes Smith of Camden county, Ga. He died 
ar Tallahassee, Fla., July 1, 1841. 
D, Sam Chester, author, was born in New 
city, Oct. 21, 1818; son of Capt. Samuel 
r (q.v.) and Mary (Jennings) Reid. He 


the U.S. survey of the Ohio river in 1838. He 
led in Natchez, Miss., in 1839; studied law 
Gen. John A. Quitman, and practised in 
ez, 1841-44, where he was U.S. deputy 
al. He removed to Louisiana in 1844, and 
d during the war with Mexico in Capt. Ben 
alloch’s company of Texas Rangers, being 
itioned for meritorious services and dis- 
shed gallantry at Monterey. He was a 
r of the editorial staff of the New Orleans 
me in 1849, and was a delegate to the 
railroad convention at Memphis, Tenn., 


REID 


to decide upon a line to the Pacific. He declined 
appointment of U.S. minister to Italy in 1857, 
and during the civil war he was the Confederate 
war correspondent for a number of southern 
newspapers. He resumed his law practice in 
1865, and Was married in July, 1866, to Josephine 
Rowen of Kentucky. In 1874 he established the 
Mississippi Valley and Brazil steamship company 
at St. Louis, Mo. He lectured in the principal 
cities of the south on ‘* The Restoration of South- 
ern Trade and Commerce,” and is the author of : 
The U.S. Bankrupt Law of 1841, with a Synopsis 
and Notes (1842); The Scouting Expeditions of 
McCulloch's Texas Rangers (1847); The Battle of 
Chickamauga, a Concise History of Events from 
the Evacuation of Chattanooga (1863), and The 
Daring Raid of Gen. John H. Morgan in Ohio, 
His Capture and Wonderful Escape with Capt. 
T. Henry Hines (1864). He edited: The Case of 
the Private-Armed Brig-of-War, General Arm- 
strong (1857), and Life and Times of Col. Aaron 
Burr, a Vindication, which was never published, 
the manuscript being destroyed by fire in 1850, 
He died in Washington, D.C., Aug. 13, 1897. 
REID, Samuel Chester, naval officer, was 
born in Norwich, Conn., Aug. 25, 1783; second 
son of Lieut. John and Rebecca (Chester) Reid, 
and grandson of Lord John Reid of Glasgow, 
Scotland, and of John Chester of Norwich. His 
father was an officer 
in the Royal navy; 
was taken prisoner at 
New London, Conn., 
in October, 1778, and 
afterward resigned 
his commission and 
espoused the Ameri- 
can cause. Samuel 
Chester Reid went to 
sea in 1794, and en- 
tered the U.S. navy 
as midshipman on 
the sloop-of-war Bal- 
timore, under Com- 
modore Truxton. He 
was married in New 
York city, June 8, 1813, to Mary, daughter of 
Capt. Nathan Jennings of Fairfield, Conn. He 
was commissioned captain by President Mad- 
ison, and given command of the brigantine, 
General Armstrong, fitted out as a privateer 
and on Sept. 9, 1814, he ran the blockade of 
British war-ships off Sandy Hook, New York 
harbor. He arrived at the island of Fayal, 
Azores, and while there, the British brig-of-war 
Carnation, the frigate Rosa, and the ship-of-the- 
line Plantagenet entered the bay. After a fruit- 
less effort to escape, Reid cleared his decks for 
action, and was attacked by the British in small 





[439] 


REID 


boats, which he drove back. At midnight a 
second attack was made, and after a hand to 
hand fight, the British were repulsed with great 
slaughter, and retreated in their boats. In forty 
minutes, the British loss amounted to over 120 
killedand 1380 wounded. On Sept. 27, the Carna- 
tion weighed anchor and stood close in for the 
General Armstrong, opening a heavy fire. This 
fire was returned with wonderful effect, the 
maintopmast of the Carnation going by the 
board, the hull and rigging being much cut up, 
and the vessel forced to retire. The British fleet 
then determined to use its entire force against 
the Armstrong, and finding further resistance 
futile, Captain Reid set a fuse to his magazine 
and with his crew went ashore. Capfain Lloyd 
perceiving the desertion of the Armstrong sent 
two armed boats to seize her just as she blew up. 
In the three engagements, the British loss was 
210 killed and 140 wounded, while the American 
loss was but two killed and seven wounded. 
When Captain Lloyd demanded the American 
crew from the governor of Fayal as prisoners of 
war, Reid took refuge in a deserted convent, 
about half a mile in the interior, fortified it, ran 
up the American flag and the British fleet soon 
left for New Orleans. The news of the battle 
reached the United States in November, 1814, 
and was received with great demonstrations. 
The battle undoubtedly saved the newly acquired 
territory of Louisiana from falling into the hands 
of the British, for at this time the balance of the 
British naval force was waiting at Jamaica for 
the arrival of Lloyd’s squadron to attack New 
Orleans, but the delay caused by the encounter 
with Captain Reid enabled General Jackson to 
prepare the city for defence, and resulted in the 
victory of Jan. 8, 1815. The battle of Fayal was 
the last naval engagement of the war of 1812, 
and on Noy. 15, 1814, Captain Reid with his 
officers and crew were landed at St. Mary, Fla. 
He received ovations at every city through which 
he passed from Savannah to New York, state 
legislatures passing resolutions of thanks for 
gloriously maintaining the honor of the Ameri- 
can flag. New York state voted him a gold 
sword, which was presented, Nov. 25, 1816, by 
Governor Tompkins, and the citizens of New 
York city presented him with a silver service. 
He declined promotion to past captain in the 
navy, but accepted the position of harbor master 
of New York. He invented and erected the first 
marine telegraph between the highlands of the 
Navesink, N.J., and the Battery, New York 
city ; re-organized and perfected regulations for 
governing the pilots of New York, designating 
the pilot boats by numerals ; published a national 
code of signals for all vessels belonging to the 
United States, and established the lightship off 


REID 


Sandy Hook. 
of land telegraphs by means of which he satis- 
factorily demonstrated that a message could be 
sent from Washington to New Orleans in two 
hours. <A bill was before congress for its adop- 
tion, when it was superseded by Morse’s inven- 
tion. Captain Reid also designed the United 
States flag with thirteen stripes to represent the 
thirteen original states, providing that the re- 
spective states be represented by a star in the 
union of blue, and suggested that the stars be 
formed into one grand star symbolizing the 
national motto ‘*‘ E Pluribus Unum.” The design 
was accepted in a bill which became a law by 
the signature of President Monroe, April 4, 1818, 
The first flag, as designed by Captain Reid, was 
made in silk by Mrs. Reid and her young friends, 


each of whom embroidered her name in the 


centre of a star, and on April 138, 1818, it was 
hoisted on the flag-staff of the National House 
of Representatives. Captain Reid re-entered the 
U.S. navy in 1842, and was retired in 1856. His 
son was Sam Chester Reid (q.v.). One daughter, 
Mary Isabel, married Count Luigi Palma di Ces- 
nola (q.v.), and another, Louise Gouverneur, 
married John Savage, the journalist (q.v.). He 
died in New York city, Jan. 28, 1861, his last 
words being ‘‘ Soon I shall solve the great mystery 
of life.” 

REID, Whitelaw, editor, was born near 
Xenia, Ohio, Oct. 27, 1887; son of Robert Charl- 
ton and Marian (Ronalds) Reid, and a grandson 
of James Reid, a Scotch covenanter, who emi- 
grated to America in 1788, and after residence 
till 1800 in Western 
Pennsylvania and 
Fayette county, Ken- 
tucky, became a foun- 
der of the town of 
Xenia, Ohio. White- 
law Reid was gradu- 
ated at Miami uni- 
versity, A.B., 1856, 
A.M., 1859; ‘taught 
school, 1856-58; ed- 
ited the Xenia News, 


1858-59; was cor. | 
respondent for the 
Cincinnati Gazette 


and Cleveland Herald 
in Columbus, Ohio; 
city editor of the Cincinnati Gazette in 1861; 
war correspondent, 1861-62; served as aide- 
de-camp on the staffs of Thomas A. Morris 
and W. 8. Rosecrans in the two Western Vir- 
ginia campaigns, and was with Grant at the 
battle of Shiloh. He was Washington and war 
correspondent of the Gazette, 1862-68, and finally 
one of its proprietors and editors; served as 


[440] 


In 1826 he invented a new system _ 

















ae 


REID 


































Jer! of the military committee of the 37th con- 
1862-63 ; was librarian of the U.S. house 
presentatives, 1863-66, and engaged in 
ton planting in Concordia Parish, La., 1866- 
> He became an editorial writer on the New 
York Tribune by invitation from Horace Greeley 
in 1868; managing editor in 1869, editor-in-chief 
fe 1872, and chief proprietor on the death of 
Mn r. Greeley. He declined the office of U.S. 
minister to Germany tendered by President 
Hayes in 1877, and by President Garfield in 
1881; served as U.S. minister to France by av: 
poi tment from President Harrison, 1889-92 
was chairman of the New York Republican 
state convention in 1892, and the Republican 
nominee for vice-president of the United States 
on the ticket with Benjamin Harrison in 1892. 
He was appointed by President McKinley special 
ambassador of the United States to Queen Vic- 
toria’s Diamond Jubilee in 1897 ; was a member 
of the Peace commission to Paris, negotiating 
the treaty with Spain in 1898, and special ambas- 
sador of the United States to the coronation of 
Edward VII. of England in 1902. He was chosen 
a pte regent of the New York State university 
y the legislature in 1876, and its vice chancellor 
n 1902; was president of the Lotus club for four- 
een years, and a member of the Century asso- 
ci ation, the University, Grolier, Metropolitan, 
Union League, Republican, Tuxedo and Riding 
clubs, and of the Ohio, New England, St. An- 
drew’s and American Geographical societies. He 
was also 4 director of numerous financial and 
ritable corporations, an honorary member of 
Chamber of Commerce of the State of New 
Tork, and a trustee of the Metropolitan Museum. 
ins married, April 26, 1881, to Elizabeth, 
aghter of Darius Ogden and Jane Templeton 
nningham) Mills of New York. He is the 
hor of : After the War, a Southern Tour 
87); Ohio in the Civil War (1868); Schools of 
valism (1870); Newspaper Tendencies (1874); 
Hall Suggestions (1881); Two Speeches at 
en's Jubilee (1897); Some Consequences of 
Treaty of Paris (1899); Our New Duties 
Later Aspects of Our New Duties (1899); 
inental Union (1900); j Our New a oad 


Eisaa memorial sketch of Horace Se cioy. 
nd many other published speeches and contri- 
butions to periodical literature. He received the 
honorary degree A.M. from the University of the 
f New York in 1872, and from Dartmouth 
3, and LL.D. from Miami in 1890, from 
eton in 1899, from Yale at the Bi-Centen- 
n 1901, and from the University of Cam- 
e, England, in 1902. 

ID, William Thomas, educator, was born 
Jacksonville, Ill., Nov. 8, 1843 ; son of George 


REILLY 


Washington and Martha Elizabeth (Williams) 
Reid, and grandson of Stephen Holland and 
Mary (Prather) Reid and of William White and 
Lydia (Williams) Whitehurst Williams of Vir- 
ginia. From his father’s death in 1850 until 1859 
he worked on his grandfather’s farm. He at- 
tended Illinois college, 1859-61, enlisted in the 
68th Illinois volunteers as sergeant in April, 1861, 
and served near Alexandria, Va. He was grad- 
uated from Harvard, A.B., 1868, A.M., 1872, and 
was principal of the high school at Newport, 
R.1., 1868-71, meanwhile studying law, which he 
finally abandoned. He was married, Aug. 16, 
1870, to Julia, daughter of Maro McLean and 
Elizabeth (Lathrop) Reed, of Jacksonville, Ill. 
He was assistant to Dr. Francis Gardner, head 
master of the Boston Latin school, 1871-73; super- 
intendent of the public schools of Brookline, 
Mass., 1873-75, and principal of the Boys’ high 
school at San Francisco, Cal., 1875-81. He was 
elected president of the University of California 
at Berkeley in 1881, succeeding Dr. John LeConte, 
and filled the office until 1885, when he resigned, 
and founded and opened the Belmont School in 
Belmont, San Mateo county, Cal. 

REILLY, James B., representative, was born 
in West Brunswig township, Schuylkill, Pa., Aug. 
12, 1845. He was graduated from the Pottsville 
high school in 1862; was admitted to the bar, 
Jan. 11, 1869, and established himself in practice 
in Pottsville. He was district attorney of Schuyl- 
kill county, 1871-75 ; a Democratic representative 
in the 44th and 45th congresses, 1875-79; a 
delegate to the Democratic national convention 
in 1880; law judge of his county, 1881-83, and a 
representative from the thirteenth district in the 
5ist, 52d and 538d congresses, 1889-95. He was 
defeated for the 54th congress in 1894, by Charles 
N. Brown, Republican. 

REILLY, James William, soldier, was born in 
Akron, Ohio, May 21, 1828 ; son of Thomas Reilly. 
He attended Mt. St. Mary’s college, Emmittsburg, 
Md.; was admitted to the bar, and in 1861 was 
elected a representative from Columbiana county 
in the Ohio legislature. He enlisted in the Ohio 
volunteers ; was commissioned colonel, 104 Ohio ; 
joined Gen. Lew Wallace’s division at Covington, 
Ky., Sept. 2, 1862, and with him marched to 
Lexington. He served in the army of the Ohio 
under Gen. H. G. Wright and later under General 
Burnside, and in August, 1863, moved upon Knox- 
ville, Tenn.; fought at Cumberland Gap, Tenn.; 
was ordered to organize and command the eastern 
Tennessee recruits and formed them into the 1st 
brigade, 3d division, 23d army corps. He fought 
at the battle of Knoxville, Dec. 4, 1863; joined 
in the pursuit of Longstreet, and remained in 
eastern Tennessee until April, 1864, when under 
Schofield, he marched to Dalton, Tenn. The 


[441] 


REILLY 


army of the Ohio participated in Sherman’s march 
to Atlanta, and July 30, 1864, during the opera- 
tions before Atlanta, Colonel Reilly was promoted 
brigadier-general. When General Hood began 
to threaten Sherman’s communications, Schofield 
was sent back with the 23d corps, and Nov. 30, 
1864, at Franklin, Tenn., was attacked by Hood. 
General Reilly’s brigade was in reserve and after 
the Confederates had entered the fortifications 
and routed some raw troops, Reilly charged, re- 
stored the Federal line, and captured 1000 pris- 
oners and twenty-two colors. From that point 
the corps moved to Nashville where it joined 
Thomas and participated in the battle of Decem- 
ber 15-16, General Reilly handling his brigade 
with valor and coolness. He commanded the 
third division in Cox’s corps (the 23d) which he 
led in the battle of Bentonville, N.C., March 18, 
1865. He resigned his commission, April 20, 1865, 
and practiced law in Wellsville, Ohio, where he 
was still living in 1903. 

REILY, James, diplomatist and soldier, was 
born in Butler county, Ohio, in 1811. He was 
graduated from Miami university, Ohio, A.B., 
1829, A.M., 1832; was admitted to the bar, and 
practised in Houston, Texas. He was a represen- 
tative from Harris county to the congress of the 
Republic, 1840-41; minister to the United States 
until the annexation of Texas, 1845, and com- 
manded a Texas volunteer regiment during the 
Mexican war, 1846-47. Heservedas colonel of the 
4th Texas cavalry, Confederate States army, par- 
ticipating in the invasion of New Mexico, 1862, 
and was sent on a diplomatic mission to Mexico in 
the same year. At Galveston, Texas, he was in 
command of Gen. W. C. Scurry’s and H. H. 
Sibley’s brigades, under Maj.-Gen. J. P. Magruder, 
when three companies of the 42d Massachusetts 
regiment, Col. IsaacS. Burrell, were taken prison- 
ers, Jan. 1, 1863, and he prevented the Federal 
troops from taking possession of the city. His 
brigade, concealed by the woods, delayed the 
advance of General Grover from Red River to 
Madame Porter’s plantation, March 138, 1863, 
previous to the capture of Port Hudson. While 
leading his regiment with conspicuous gallantry 
at Franklin, La., he was killed, April 18, 1863. 

REINHART, Benjamin Franklin, artist, was 
born near Waynesburg, Pa., Aug. 29, 1829. His 
first paternal ancestor in America came from 
Loraine to Pennsylvania in 1704. He took les- 
sons in oil painting in Pittsburg, Pa., as early as 
1844; attended the National Academy of Design 
in New York city, 1847-50; studied in Rome, 
Paris and Diisseldorf, 1850-53, making a specialty 
of historical and genre painting ; opened a studio 
in New York city in 1853; resided in England, 
1860-68, where he painted portraits of royalty, 
and celebrities; re-opened his studio in New 


1864-67. 


REINHART 


York city in 1868, and was elected an associate 
of the National Academy in 1871. He first exhib- 
ited at the National Academy in 1847, and his 
works, many of which were engraved, include: 
Cleopatra (1865); Evungeline (1877); Pocahontas 
(1877); Katrina Van Tassel (1878); Washington 
receiving the News of Arnold’s Treason (1875); 
Consolation (1875); After the Crucifixion (1875); 
Nymphs of the. Wood (1879)); Young Franklin 
and Sir William Keith (1884); The Regatta (1884); 
The Pride of the Village (1884); Capt. Kidd 
and the Governor (1884), and Baby Mine (1884). 
The subjects of his portraits include: The Princess 
of Wales, the Duchess of Newcastle, the Count- 
ess of Portsmouth, Lady Vane Tempest, Lord 
Brougham, John Phillip, R.A., Thomas Carlyle, 
Lord Tennyson, Mark Lemon, Charles O’Connor, 
George M. Dallas, James Buchanan, Edwin M. 
Stanton, Gen. Winfield Scott, John C. Breckin- 
ridge, Stephen A. Douglas and Sam Houston. 
He died in Philadelphia, Pa.. May 3, 1885. 
REINHART, Charles Stanley, artist, was born 
in Pittsburg, Pa., May 16, 1844; son of Aaron Grant- 
ley and Catherine (McHenry) Reinhart, and 
nephew of Benjamin Franklin Reinhart (q.v.). 
He aitended Sewickley academy near Pittsburg ; 
as a telegraph operator in the transportation 
department of the Army of the Potomac, 1861-64, 
and clerk in a steel manufactory in Pittsburg, 
He studied at the Atelier Suisse, Paris, 
in 1867, and at the Royal Academy, Munich, under 
Echter and Otto, 1868-70, and settled in New 
York city as an illustrator in 1870. He was 
married, Nov. 19, 1878, to Emilie, daughter of 
Emil Varet of New York city. He was employed 
by Harper and Brothers, 1871-77; worked in- 
dependently in New York, 1877-81, and opened a 
studio in Paris in 1881, where he resided until 
1891, when he returned to New York city. He 
was a member of the National Academy of Design, 
of the Society of American Artists, of the Ameri- 
can Water Color society, the New York Etching, 
Players and Salmagundi clubs, and the Century 
association. He received honorable mention at 
the Paris Salon of 1887 for Washed Ashore, and 
the first gold medal at the Academy of Fine Arts, 


Philadelphia, Pa., in 1888; the first gold medal _ 


and silver medals at the Paris Salon of 1889 ; first 


honor at the exposition at Adelaide, Australia, in — 


1887, and two medals at the World’s Columbian 
exposition, Chicago, Ill., in 18938. He was best 
known as an illustrator in black and white, was 


the pioneer in the modern style of designing for _ 


books and magazine illustrations, and contributed 
illustrations to both foreign and home publica- 
tions. 


His color work in oil includes: Clearing — 
Up (1875); Caught Napping (1875); Reconnoitring — 
(1876); Rebuke (1877); September Morning (1879); M4 
Old Life Boat (1880); Coast of Normandy (1882); 

[442] 






















































REINKE 


a Garden (1888); Mussel Fisher-woman (1884) ; 
at Villerville (1884); Sunday (1885); English 
m (1886); Fisherman at Villerville (i886); 


9; Awaiting the Absent (1888), and his water 
s, Gathering Wood (1877); Close of Day 
; At the Ferry (1878) The Spanish Barber 
$84). He died in New York city, Aug. 30, 1896, 
REINKE, Amadeus Abraham, Moravian 
shop, was born in Lancaster, Pa., March 11, 
son of Samuel Reinke, bishop at Bethlehem, 
He was graduated at the Moravian Theolo- 

seminary at Bethlehem, Pa., was sent as a 
sionary to Jamaica, West Indies, in 1844, and 
r engaged in a missionary exploratory tour on 
Mosquito coast. He returned to the United 
es and was pastor at Salem, N.C.; Graceham, 
New Dorp, Staten Island; Philadelphia, 
and in New York city, 1865-88. He was a 
delegate to the General Moravian Synod of the 
World in Germany in 1869; was elected and con- 
secrated bishop in the Moravian church at the 
synod in York, Pa., in 1870, and was president of 
the synod in Bethlehem, Pa., in .1888, where he 
was chosen a member of the provincial executive 
mittee, and a delegate to the General Mora- 
Synod of the World, held in Herrnhut in 
. He was the senior bishop of the Moravian 
rch in the United States at the time of his 
death, which occurred in Herrnhut, Germany, 

Aug. 12, 1889. 

-REINKE, Samuel, Moravian bishop, was born 
in Lititz, Pa., Aug. 12,1791. He was graduated at 
Moravian Theological seminary at Nazareth, 
a4., in 1810, in its first class, and filled various 
ates until 1858, when he was consecrated 
op in the Moravian church. In 1860, having 
ecome blind, he was forced to retire from active 
. An operation partially restored his sight, 
hich he occasionally preached and ordain- 
isters, and in 1870 assisted in the con- 
m of his son, Amadeus Abraham Reinke. 
lat Bethlehem, Pa., Jan. 21, 1875. 

MEY, George Collier, naval officer, was 
‘Burlington, Iowa, Aug. 10, 1841; son of 
1 Butler and Eliza Smith (Howland) 
_ the former a native of Kentucky, the 


Mathilda (Grigsby) Remey, and of Seth 
riet (Emmons) Howland. and a descend- 
f the Pilgrim, John Howland, of the May- 
*, who landed at Plymouth, Mass., Decem- 
, 1620. He was graduated from the U.S. Naval 
ly in 1859, and was attached to the Hari- 
ast India squadron, 1859-61. He was com- 
oned lieutenant, Aug. 31, 1861, and served 
he gunboat Marblehead at the siege of York- 
vn, and operations on the York and the Pam- 
sey rivers succeeding; was on the blockade 


REMINGTON 


and engaged in the siege of Battery Wagner, 
August and September, 1863; for a time during 
this period commanded the Marblehead ; com- 
manded the Naval battery on Morris Island : took 
part in the bombardment of Fort Sumter, where 
he commanded the 
second division of 
boats in a night as- 
sault on the fort on 
the night of Sept. 8, 
1863, was taken pris- 
oner, and exchanged 
Nov. 15, 1864. He 
was promoted lieu- 
tenant commander, 
June 25, 1865, and “ 
was attached to the ° 
steamer Mohongo, 
Pacific squadron, the 
Naval academy, the 
sailing frigate Sa- 
bine, the Tehauntepec 
and Nicaragua Ship Canal survey, the Naval 
observatory, the flagships Worcester and Pow- 
hatan, and commanded the Frolic, 1865-73. He 
was comniissioned commander, Nov. 25, 1872. He 
was married, July 8, 1873,to Mary Josephine, 
daughter of Judge Charles Mason (q.v.). He 
served in the bureau of yards and docks and on 
other duty, 1874-76 ; commanded the Enterprise, 
1877-78 ; was chief of staff on the flagship Lan- 
caster, European station, 1881-88, and was 
stationed at the navy yard, Washington, D.C., 
1884-86. He was promoted captain, Oct. 30, 
1885; was captain of the navy yard, Norfolk, 
Va., 1886-89; commanded the cruiser Charles- 
ton, 1889-92, Pacific and Asiatic squadrons ; 
was captain of the navy yard, Portsmouth, 
N.H., 1892-95, and commandant of same yard, 
1896-98. He was promoted commodore, June 
19, 1897; commanded the naval Key 
West, Florida, during the Spanish war, and 
afterward commanded the navy yard, Ports- 
mouth, N.H., 1898-1900. He was promoted rear- 
admiral, Nov. 22, 1898; was commander-in-chief 
of the Asiatic station, April, 1900, to March, 1902, 
and in 1903 was chairman of the light house 
board, and senior rear-admiral of the active list 
of the navy, the date of his retirement being 
Aug. 10, 1908. 

REMINGTON, Eliphalet, manufacturer, was 
born in Suffield, Conn., Oct. 27, 1793; son of 
Eliphalet and Elizabeth (Kilbourn) Remington. 
His father removed to Crane’s Corners, Herkimer 
county, N.Y., in 1800, where he manufactured 
agricultural impliments, and established a forge. 
Eliphalet worked in the shop and attained skill 
in forging gun-barrels. He was married, May 
12, 1814, to Abigail, daughter of William and 





base, 


[443] 


REMINGTON 


Lucy Paddock. The manufactory wasremoved to 
Ilion, N.Y., in 1828, and upon the death of his 
father, he continued the business alone, in 1845 
bringing out a contract awarded Ames & Co. of 
Springfield, Mass., for several thousands of car- 
bines for the U.S.army. In 1857 he added 
the manufacture of pistols, and in 1861 numer- 
ous government orders necessitated the enlarge- 
ment of his works. Under the pressure of 
these demands his health broke down, and his 
sons Philo and Samuel took his place in the 
factory. He was president of the Ilion bank, and 
was interested in the local affairs of the city. 
He died in Ilion, N.Y., Aug. 12, 1861. 
REMINGTON, Frederick, artist, was born in 
Canton, N.Y., Oct. 4, 1861; son of Pierre and 
Clara Remington; grandson of Seth and 
(Cushing) Remington, and a descendant of John 
and Mary Remington, who settled in Newbury- 
port, Mass., in 1634. He attended the Yale Art 
school, and the Art Students’ league in New 
York city, and went to the far west, where he 
established a ranch. He devoted himself to 
drawing, using military and western subjects 
entirely, and illustrating for the leading maga- 
zines, and also became well known as a painter, 
sculptor and author. He was married, Oct. 1, 
1883, to Eva Adelle, daughter of Lawton and 
(Hoyt) Calen. He was one of the first to 
depart from the conventional methods of draw- 
ing a horse in motion. He made pictures of the 
Geronimo war, the Yaqui war, the outbreak of 
Sioux in ’90, and the Spanish Cuban rebellion. 
and went to Cuba as a newspaper artist during 
the Santiago campaign. He was elected an as- 
sociate member of the National Academy of De- 
sign, and among his works in sculpture are: The 
Broncho Buster, The Wounded Bunkie, The Buf- 
falo Signal, and The Norther. Heisthe author of : 
Pony Tracks ; Crooked Trails ; Frontier Sketches ; 
Sundown Leflare (1899); Men with the Bark On 
(1900); John Ermine of the Yellowstone (1902). 
REMSEN, Ira, educator, was born in New 
York city, Feb. 10, 1846; son of James Vander- 
bilt and Rosanna (Secor) Remsen; grandson of 
Garret and Martha (Vanderbilt) Remsen and of 
Theodore and Mary (Haring) Secor, and a descend- 
ant of Rem Jansen Vanderbeeck (came to this 
country from the Netherlands in 1642, and set- 
tled first at Albany, N.Y., andshortly afterwards 
at Wallabout (or Flatbush), Long Island), and of 
John Haring (q.v.). He was a student at the 
College of the City of New York, and was gradu- 
ated M.D. from the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, New York, 1867. He began the prac- 
tice of medicine but soon gave it up for the study 
of chemistry. He went to Munich in 1867, where 
he heard the lectures of Liebig, and worked under 
Volhard, afterward professor of chemistry in the 








REMSEN 


University of Halle; to Géttingen in 1868, where 
he came in contact with Wohler, Hiibner and 
Fittig, and received the degree Ph.D. in 1870; 
and to Tiibingen in 1870 as an assistant of Fittig, 
holding the position 
for two years. He 
was professor of 
chemistry and phy- 
sics in Williams col- 
lege, 1872-76; profes- 
sor of chemistry in 
Johns Hopkins uni- 
versity, 1876-1901 ; 
acting president, 
1889-90, and upon the 
resignation of Presi- 
dent Gilman in 1901, 
he became president. 
He was’ married, 
April 5, 1875, to Bes- 
sie Hillyer, daughter 
of William and Mary (Mellus) Mallory of New 
York city. In 1879 he founded and became editor 
of the American Chemical Journal. He was made 
a member of the National Academy of Sciences, 
1882, and was elected foreign member of the Chem- 
ical Society of London, and honorary member of 
the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. He 
declined several attractive calls, among them one 
to Chicago university, preferring to remain at 
Johns Hopkins, where most of his work was done. 
He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from 
Columbia in 1898, from Princeton in 1896, from 
Yale in 1901, and from Toronto in 1902. Among 
his many published articles embodying the results 
of original investigations in the field of pure 
chemistry are : oxidation of substitution-products 
of aromatic hydrocarbons ; investigations on the 
sulphinides ; on the decomposition of diazo-com- 
pounds by alcohols; on chemical action in a 
magnetic field; on the sulphonphthaleins; on 
ozone and active oxygen; on the nature and 
structure of the double halides. His text-book 
publications are: Principles of Theoretical 
Chemistry (5 editions: also German and Italian 
translations); Introduction to the Study of the 
Compounds of Carbon (1885, many later editions), 





of which there isan English edition by Macmillan — 


& Co., and German, Russian and Italian transla- 
tions ; Introduction to the Study of Chemistry 
(1886, and many later editions), of which there is — 


an English edition, and German, French and — 


Japanese translations ; The Elements of Chemis- 
try (1887, 2d ed., 1891), reprinted by Macmillan 
& Co., London, and translated into German and 
Japanese ; Inorganic Chemistry, Advanced Course 
(1889, 3d. ed., 1892), of which there is an English © 
edition by Macmillan & Co., and German and 
Italian translations. 


[444] 







































RENCHER 


ENCHER, Abraham, statesman, was born 
a Wake county, N.C., Aug. 12, 1798; son of 
John Grant and Ann iNélgon) Rencher. His 
came to America from Ireland, and was 
for many years high sheriff of Wake county, and 
his mother was a near 
relative of Lord Nel- 
son. He was gradu- 
ated from the Uni- 
versity of North Car- 
olinain 1822, received 
the degree of A.M. in 
1831, and having ob- 
tained a license he 
formed a law co-part- 
nership with Francis 
Lister Hawks (q.v.). 
He made his home in 
Pittsboro and soon 
rose to distinction. 
He was a Whig rep- 
resentative in the 
t-25th congresses, 1829-39, and in the 27th 
gress, 1841-42, declining re-election to the 
and 28th congresses on account of ill- 
th. Under President Tyler’s appointment 
ie served as U.S. minister to Portugal, 1843-47. 
n 1852, as an elector on the Pierce and King 
‘icket, he made a brilliant and effective campaign 
f the state. He declined the portfolio of the 
vy offered by President Buchanan, and served 
governor of New Mexico, 1857-61. In 1836 he 
smarried to Louisa Mary, daughter of Col. 
Edward (q.v.) and Elizabeth (Mallett) Jones, 
gra anddaughter of Peter and Eunice (Curtis) Mal- 
ett and great-granddaughter of Jeremiah Curtis 
Stratford, Conn. They had four children: 
Grant and William Conway both served 
e Confederate army; Sarah married Col. 
am Anderson, U.S.A., and Eva married 
rt Winston of Franklinton, N.C. Governor 
er died at Chapel Hill, N.C., July 6, 1883. 
FROW, William Cary, governor of Okla- 
was born in Smithfield, N.C., March 15, 
; son of Perry and Lucinda (Atkinson) Ren- 
nd grandson of William Renfrow and of 
Atkinson. He served in the Confederate 
my throughout the civil war, and at its close 
moved to Jackson county, Ark., where he en- 
aged in mercantile business. In 1889 he removed 
orman, Oklahoma Territory, where he was 
mt of the Norman State bank. He was 
by President Cleveland governor of 
Territory and served as such from 
7, 1893, to May 24, i897, when he resumed 
king business in Norman. 
0, Conrad, lawyer author, was born in 
> er non Arsenal, near Mobile, Ala., Dec. 28, 
359; son of Gen. Jesse Lee and Mary Bradley 


NOMA 


RENO 


Blanes (Cross) Reno. He attended the schools 
of Baltimore, Md., Media, Pa., Lehigh university, 
and the law department of Harvard, and was 
graduated from Boston university, LL.B. in 1883, 
He was admitted to the bar in 1883, and engaged 
in practice in Boston. He was married, April 
13, 1887, © Susan Moore, daughter of the Rev. 
William T. and Maria (Dwight) Eustis of Spring- 
field, Mass. He is the author of the industrial 
court bill, and the industrial partnership bill, 
intended to reconcile the conflicting interests of 
employees and stockholders of corporations, and 
to avert strikes and lockouts, and of: State 
Regulation of Wages (1891); Non-Residents and 
Foreign Corporations (1892); Employers’ Liabi- 
lity Acts (1896; 2nd ed., 1903); History of the 
Judicial System of New England (1900), and con- 
tributions to legal and scientific periodicals. 
RENO, Jesse Lee, soldier, was born in Wheel- 
ing, Va., June 20, 1823; son of Lewis Thomas 
and Rebecca (Quinby) Reno; grandson of Charles 
and Francis (Laughlin) Reno, and a descendant 
of John Renault who came to America about 
1700. He was appointed to the U.S. Military 
academy from Pennsylvania, and was graduated 
there and brevetted 2d lieutenant of ordnance, 
July 1, 1846. He served as assistant ordnance 
officer at Watervliet arsenal, N.Y., in 1846; took 
part in the Mexican war, being engaged with the 
Howitzer battery at the siege of Vera Cruz, March 
19-29, 1847, and in the battles of Cerro Gordo, 
Contreras, Churubusco and Chapultepec. He 
was promoted 2d lieutenant of ordnance, March 
3, 1847: was brevetted 1st lieutenant, April 18, 
1847, for gallant and meritorious service in the 
battle of Cerro Gordo, Mexico, and captain, Sept. 
13, 1847, for gallant and meritorious conduct 
in the battle of Chapultepec, Mexico; was on 
special duty at Erie, Pa., in 1848, and assistant 
professor of mathematics in the U.S. Military 
academy from January to July, 1849. He was 
secretary of the board for preparing a ‘* System 
of Instruction for Heavy Artillery,” 1849-50; as- 
sistant to the ordnance board at Washington Ar- 
senal, D.C., 1851-53, and on topographical duty, 
making a survey of the military road from the 
mouth of the Big Sioux river to Mendota, Minn., 
1853-54. He was married, Nov. 1, 1853, to Mary 
Bradley Blanes, daughter of Trueman and Eliza 
(Blanes) Cross of Washington, D.C. He was 
promoted first lieutenant of ordnance, March 3, 
1853; served on coast survey duty, April to July, 
1854 ; as assistant ordnance officer at Frankford 
Arsenal, Pa., 1854-57; as chief of ordnance on 
the Utah expedition, 1857-59, and in command 
of the Mount Vernon Arsenal, Ala., from 1859 
until its seizure by the Confederates in January, 
1861. He was promoted captain of ordnance, July 
1, 1860, for fourteen years’ continuous service ; 


[445] 


RENWICK 


commanded the arsenal at Leavenworth, Kan., 
February to December, 1861; was appointed 
brigadier-general of volunteers, Nov. 12, 1861 ; 
commanded a brigade in General Burnside’s ex- 
pedition to North Carolina from December, 1861, 
to April 1862, and participated in the capture of 
Roanoke island with its garrison and armament, 
Feb. 8, 1862, the combat at Newbern, N.C., March 
4, 1862, and the action at Camden, April 19, 1862. 
He commanded a division in the department of 
North Carolina, April to August, 1862; was en- 
gaged in the movement to Newport News and the 
Rappahannock in August, 1862, and was promoted 
major-general of volunteers, July 18, 1862. He 
commanded the 9th corps in the Northern Vir- 
ginia campaign, August to September, 1862, 
being engaged in the battles of Manassas and 
Chantilly and in the battle of South Mountain in 
the Maryland campaign, where he was killed 
while leading his men. On Sept. 18, 1862, the 
day after the Confederates forces evacuated 
Frederick, Md., General Reno called upon Barbara 
Fritchie, and received from her hands the large 
cotton flag which she had frequently waved from 
her attic window. This flag was brought to 
Boston with General Reno’s body a few days 
afterward by his brother, Col. B. F. Reno, a 
member of his staff, and delivered, to General 
Reno’s widow, remaining in the possession of the 
family until it was loaned for safe keeping to the 
Massachusetts Commandary of the Loyal Legion 
of the United States. He died on South Moun- 
tain, Md., Sept., 14, 1862. 

RENWICK, Edward Sabine, patent expert, 
was born in New York city, Jan. 3, 1823; son of 
James (q.v.) and Margaret Anne (Brevoort) Ren- 
wick. He was gradated at Columbia, A.B., 1839, 
A.M., 1842; engaged in civil and mechanical en- 
gineering and became superintendent of large iron 
works in Wilkesbarre, Pa. He was married, 
June 4, 1862, to Alice, daughter of Henry and 
Bridget (Seley) Brevoort of Lenox, Mass. He 


engaged as an expert in the trials of patent cases 





in the U.S. courts 1839-97. In 1862, in consulta- 
tion with his brother, Henry B. Renwick, he re- 
paired the Great Eastern while afloat, replating a 


RENWICK 


fracture in the bilge eighty-two feet long and ten 
feet wide in the greatest width, and twenty-seven 
feet under water, which feat had been pronounced 
impossible by other experts. He invented many 
machines and mechanical devices, among them 
a wrought-iron railway-chair for connecting the 
ends of rails (1850); a steam cut-off for beam 
engines (1856); a system of side propulsion for 
steamers (1862), and many improvements in in- 
cubators and brooders (1877-86), besides being 
the principal joint inventor of the original self- 
binding reaping-machine (1851-53). He was elect- 
ed a member of many scientific societies and of 
several New York clubs. He is the author of: 
The Thermostatic Incubator (18838), and Practical 
Invention (1893). 

RENWICK, Henry Brevoort, engineer, was 
born in New York city, Sept. 4, 1817; son of Prof, 
James and Margaret Anne (Brevoort) Renwick. 
He was graduated from Columbia college in 1833 ; 
followed commercial pursuits for a time, and 
then practised civil and mechanical engineering. 
He entered the service of the U.S. government 
asan assistant engineer in 1837, served as first 
assistant astronomer of the U.S. boundary com- 
mission, 1840-42 ; was appointed examiner in the 
U.S. patent office in 1848, and the first U.S. in- 
spector of steam vessels at the port of New York 
in 18538. He was married in June, 1852, to Mar- 
garet, daughter of Jonathan and Elizabeth (Me- 
Pherson) Janney of Alexandria, Va. While civil 
engineer in the government service he was en- 
gaged in many important works, including the 
breakwaters at Sandy Hook and Egg harbor, and 
the survey that settled the boundary line between 
Maine and New Brunswick. He devoted himself 
to consultation practice in the specialty of me- 
chanical engineering in which he ranked as an 
authority, and was engaged to testify in the suits 
growing out of the invention of sewing machines, 
the McCormick reaper and the Bell telephone. 


He wrote with his father, The Life of John Ray — 


(1841). He died in New York city, Jan. 27, 1895. 

RENWICK, James, physicist, was born in Liver- 
pool, Eng., May 380, 1790 ; sonof William and Jen- 
nie (Jeffrey) Renwick, and grandson of James Ren- 
wick, who settled in New York city in 1783, and 
of the Rev. Dr. Andrew Jeffrey, a Scotch clergy- 
man. 
New York city, A.B., 1807, A.M., 1810; was am 
instructor in natural and experimental philosophy 
and chemistry in Columbia college, 1812, and was 
married, Oct. 10, 1816, to Margaret Anne, daugh- 
ter of Henry and Sarah (Whetten) Brevoort. He 
was professor of philosophy and chemistry at 
Columbia, 1820-53, and professor emeritus, 1853- 
63. He entered the service of the United States 
as topographical engineer with the rank of major 
in 1814, devoting his summers to this work, and 


[446] 


He was graduated at Columbia college, 








: RENWICK 















































as appointed by the U.S. government one of the 
ymmissioners for the survey of the northeast 
boundary line between the United States and 
New Brunswick in 1838. He was a trustee of 
tolumbia college, 1817-20, and received the de- 
sree LL.D. from there in 1829. He contributed 
ha New York Review, the Whig Review, and 
the American Quarterly Review ; translated he 
the French, Lallemand’s *‘ Treatise on Artillery ” 
(2 2 vols., 1820), and edited with notes, Ameri loan 
editions of Parker’s ‘‘ Rudiments of Chemistry ” 
1824); Lardner’s ‘‘ Popular Lectures on the 
m Engine” (1828): Daniell’s ‘‘Chemical 
osophy ” (2 vols., 1832), and Moseley’s ‘ Il- 
rations of Practical Mechanics ” (1839). He 
isthe author of : Life of David Rittenhouse (1839); 
Life of Robert Fulton (1845), and Life of Count 
Ru uford (1848), in Sparks’s ‘‘ Library of Ameri- 
van Biography ;” Outlines of Natural Philosophy 
2 vols., 1822-23); Treatise on the Steam Engine 
is 1830); Elements of Mechanics (1832); Applica- 
tic s of the Science of Mechanics to Practical 
Purposes (1840) ; First Principles in Chemistry 
vately printed for the use of his classes, 1838); 
of DeWitt Clinton with Selections of his 
Letters (1840); Life of John Jay (with Henry B. 
Renwick, 1841); Life of Alexander Hamilton 
1841); First Principles of Chemistry (1841); First 
Principles of Natural Philosophy (1842). He 
died in New York city, Jan. 12, 1863. 
RENWICK, James, architect, was born in 
New York city, Nov. 3, 1818; son of James (q.v.) 
and Margaret Anne (Brevoort) Renwick. He 
was graduated from Columbia college, A.B., 
, A.M., 1839; engaged in civil engineering on 
Erie Railway, and became assistant engineer 
the Croton aqueduct, superintending the con- 
ction of the distributing reservoir, Fifth 
nue and Forty-Second street, now the site of 
New York Public library. He furnished a plan 
fountain to be erected at the expense of the 
rty owners in Union Square, New York, and 
ther in the Bowling Green, both of which 
accepted; was the successful competing 
tect for Grace church, New York city, com- 
lin 1845; architect of Calvary P. E. church 
of the Church of the Puritans in New York 
y; of the new building of the Smithsonian 
nstitution, and of the Corcoran art gallery, 
Washington, D.C.; of St. Patrick’s cathedral, 
York city, 1855-59, andof the two towers, 
-88; of the group of buildings of Vassar col- 
Poughkeepsie, N.Y. ; of St. Ann’s church, 
yn; of Booth’s theatre, and the Young 
Christian Association building, New York 
of the restoration of the old Spanish cathe- 
‘St. Augustine, Fla., and of many other 
es. He was married in April, 1850, to 
nna Lloyd, daughter of William H. and Anna 


ns: 


pe 


RESTARICK 


(Breck) Aspinwall of New York. During his 
lifetime he made a collection of the paintings of 
old masters, and at his death bequeathed seventy- 





VASSAR COLLEGE 





four paintings and other objects of art to the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art, together with a 
bust of himself, on condition that they should all 
be placed in a special room and be known as the 
James Renwick collection. The trustees declined 
the gift in the December following his death, 
as the condition was impracticable. He died in 
New York city, June 23, 1895. 

REPPLIER, Agnes, author, was born in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., April 1, 1859; daughter of John 
and Agnes (Mathias) Repplier, and granddaugh- 
ter of John and : 
Catharine (Alghaier) 
Repplier and of Jacob 
and Mary (Shorb) 
Mathias. She _ at- 
tended the Sacred 
Heart convent, Tor- 
resdale, Pa., and 
early engaged in lit- 
erature, contributing ~ 
essays tothe Atlantic * 





Monthly, Scribner's, 

Harpers’, and other 

magazines. She ree “"¢*2ssSie i! 
ceived the degree of : 
Litt. D. from the Derren YReeelinn. 


University of Penn- 

sylvania in 1902. She is the author of: Books 
and Men (1888); Points of View (1891); Essays in 
Miniature (1892); Essays in Idleness (1893); In 
the Dozy Howrs (1895); Varia (1897); Philadel- 
phia, The Place and the People (1898); The Fire- 
side Sphina (1902). 

RESTARICK, Henry Bend, first American 
missionary bishop of Honolulu and 210th in suc- 
cession in the American episcopate, was born in 
Somerset, England, Dec. 26, 1854; son of Edwin 
and Amelia Riall (Webb) Restarick. He at- 
tended King James Collegiate school, Bridge- 
water, Eng., and was graduated at Griswold col- 
lege, Iowa, A.B., 1882. He was married, June 28, 
1882, to May Lottie, daughter of Peter Baker of 
Council Bluffs, Iowa. He was ordained deacon 
at Council Bluffs, Iowa, 1881; priest at Daven- 
port, Iowa, 1882; had charge of Trinity church, 


[447] 


REVELS 


Muscatine, Iowa, 1881-82, and was rector of St. 
Paul’s church, San Diego, Cal., 1882-1902. He 
was elected first bishop of the missionary district 
of Honolulu by the House of Bishops assembled in 
special session at the parish house of Christ 
church, Cincinnati, April 17, 1902, and was con- 
secrated, July 2, 1902, by Bishops Nichols, Ken- 
drick and Johnson, assisted by Bishop Jagger, 
who preached the sermon. He is the author of: 
Lay Readers (1894); The Love of God, or Addresses 
on the Last Seven Words (1897), and various 
pamphlets and magazine articles. 

REVELS, Hiram R., senator, was born in 
Fayetteville, N.C., Sept. 1, 1822. He was the son 
of free-born parents of mixed blood. Education 
being denied him under the laws of North Caro- 
lina, he removed to Indiana in 1844, attended the 
Friends seminary at Liberty and a theological 
school in Ohio, and was ordained a minister in 
the African Methodist Episcopal church. He 
engaged in missionary work among the Negroes 
of Indiana, Illinois, Ohio and Missouri, and in 
1860 settled in Baltimore, Ohio, as a minister and 
principal of a high school for Negro students. 
He assisted in organizing colored regiments in 
Maryland and Missouri, taught school in St. 
Louis, 1863-64, and in 1864 went to Vicksburg 
as chaplain of a colored regiment, assisting the 
provost-marshal in establishing order and indus- 
try among the freedmen. He accompanied the 
army to Jackson, Miss., where he preached to the 
emancipated slaves, organized several churches, 
and engaged in similar work in Kansas and Mis- 
souri, 1865-67. He settled at Natchez, Miss., in 
1868, was chosen presiding elder in the African 
church, and served as a member of the city coun- 
cil and as state senator. On the reconstruction 
of the state he was elected U.S. senator from 
Mississippi with Adelbert Ames, and drew the 
short term expiring, March 38, 1871. He took his 
seat in the senate, Feb. 25, 1870, being the first 
colored man to sit in that body. He was presi- 
dent of the Alcorn Agricultural university, Rod- 
ney, Miss., 1871-83, and subsequently pastor of 
churches at Holly Springs, Miss., and at Rich- 
mond, Ind. He diedat Aberdeen, Miss., while ad- 


dressing the Mississippi conference, Jan. 15, 1901. . 


REVERE, Joseph Warren, soldier, was born 
in Boston, Mass., May 17, 1812; son of John and 
Lydia Le Baron (Goodwin) Revere, and grand- 
son of Paul (q.v.) and Rachel (Walker) Revere. 
He entered the U.S. navy as a midshipman, 
April 1, 1828 ; was promoted passed midshipman, 
June 4, 1834, and lheutenant, Feb. 25, 1841. He 
was married, Oct. 4, 1842, to Rosanna Duncan, 
daughter of Benjamin Waldo Lamb. He took 
part in the Mexican war, raised the first U.S. 
flag on thenorth side of the bay of San Francisco, 
and resigned from the U.S. navy, Sept. 20, 1850. 


REVERE 


He entered the Mexican service as lieutenant- 
colonel of artillery, and was knighted by Queen 
Isabella of Spain for saving the lives of several 
of her subjects. He entered the U.S. service as 
colonel of the 7th New Jersey volunteers, Aug. 
31, 1861; was promoted brigadier-general of 
volunteers, Oct. 25, 1862, and led the 3d brigade, 
Sickles’s division, Stoneman’s corps, in the battle 
of Fredericksburg. He was transferred to the 
command of the 2d brigade in the 2d division, 
Sickles’s corps, at Chancellorsville, where he was 
censured by Gen. Joseph B, Carr, commanding 
the division, and the command of the brigade 
was given to J. Egbert Farnum of the 7ist New 
York volunteers. 
dismissed from the service in May, 1863, but he 


. . . ‘ 
succeeded in re-opening the proceedings and ex-— 


plaining the circumstances of his dismissal, and 
on Sept. 10, 1864, President Lincoln accepted his 
resignation from the army. He is the author of: 
Keel and Saddle (1872). He died in Hoboken, 
N.J., April 20, 1880. 

REVERE, Paul, patriot, was born in Boston, 
Mass., Jan. 1, 1735; son of Apollos and Deborah 
(Hitchborne) Rivoire. His father, a native of 
Riancaud, France, emigrated to the island of 
Guernsey, and thence to Boston, Mass., in 1715, 
where he engaged in business as a goldsmith in 
1722, and changed his name to Paul Revere. The 
son attended the North Grammar school, learned 
the goldsmith’s trade under his father, and be- 
came skilful as an engraver. He served in 
General Winslow’s expedition against Crown 


Point in 1756, as 2nd lieutenant of artillery, and — 


was stationed at Fort William Henry on Lake 
George, from May to November, 1756. Returning 
to Boston he engaged in business as a gold-and- 
silver-smith. He produced many excellent cop- 
perplate engravings, including representations of 
the imposition and repeal of the stamp act, which 
achieved immediate popularity ; illustrations of 
the ‘‘ Boston Massacre,” *‘ Landing of the British 
Troops in Boston” (1774), and ‘*‘ A Warm Place— 
Hell,” representing the seventeen members of 
the house who voted to rescind the circular of 
1768 to the provincial legislature. He also exe- 


cuted several portraits of colonial celebrities. 
Many of his engravings appeared in the Royal 


American Magazine, and he illustrated Capt. 
James Cook’s ‘‘ New Voyage Round the World, 
1768-71” (1774). He wasa member of the famous 
Sons of Liberty, and was frequently commis- 


sioned to carry to New York and Philadelphia — 


the sentiments of Massachusetts, and to propose 
uniting the colonies through a Continental con- 
gress. He was a member of the guard of twenty- 
five men appointed to watch the ship Dartmouth, 
laden with tea, and to prevent the landing of any 
of the cargo. A promise was obtained from the 


[448] 


4 


He was court-martialed and — 





c 


REVERE 






































eer of the Dartmouth, and of two other ships, 
v ut the cargo would be sent back to England, 
ern or Hutchinson upset this peaceful solution 
fusing the ships clearance papers, and after 
eeting held at the Old South Meeting house, 
Jec. 16, 1773, a band of men disguised as Indians, 
nd led by Paul Revere, boarded the ships, and 
est oyed three hundred and forty-two chests of 
He was sent to enlist the support of the 
outhern provinces; carried the ‘Suffolk Re- 
0 slves” to the Continental congress at Phila- 
eeeie, and carried to Portsmouth, N.H., the 
essage that Parliament had forbidden the 
er importation of gunpowder and military 
to ree. Acting on this intelligence, the ‘‘ Sons of 
iiberty”” surprised the fort and removed over 
‘hundred barrels of gunpowder and fifteen 
on, Dec. 14, 1774. On April 18, 1775, Dr. 
seph Warren learned that troops were gather- 
on Boston Common, and confided to Revere 
fears for the safety of John Hancock and 
Samuel Adams, who 
were at Lexington, 
and for whose cap- 
ture and that of the 
stores at Concord he 
believed the expedi- 
tion organized. Re- 
vere at once volun- 
teered to warn the 


“THE OLD NORTH” 


THE SECOND CHURCH IN 
BOSTON 


FOUNDED IN 1649 


patriots. Arrange- 

ee ¢ ments were made 

Po 2¥ with Robert New- 

=b-8-t 6 % man, sexton of the 

a) ‘t Wy North church, for 
Cae 


= 4% the displaying of 
meal two lights from the 
belfry, if the troops 
rted by water, and of one if byland. He was 
d across the Charles river and arrived safely 
lestown, where he waited until two signal 
shone out from the belfry. He procured a 
2 and started for Lexington by way of Med- 
l, alarming the minute men along the route. 
ivered his message to Hancock and Adams 
home of the Rev. Jonas Clark, and was 
by William Dawes and Samuel Prescott. 
en about half way to Concord, Revere and 
wes were captured by British scouts, but in 
e excitement that followed they were released, 
cott managing to escape and to give timely 
ning at Concord. On April 20, 1775, Revere 
employed as a trusted messenger for the 
nittee of safety. He repaired the cannon at 
William that had been broken by the 
ish ; and in July, 1776, he was commissioned 
jor of a regiment raised for town and harbor 
ence, and lieutenant-colonel, Nov. 27, 1776. 
sa member of the unsuccessful expedition 


REX 


to Castine, Maine, under Gen. Solomon Lovel, 
June 26, 1779, and after the war he resumed his 
trade in Roston, and established a foundry for 
casting church-bells and bronze cannon, He en- 
graved and printed the first notes issued by 
congress and by the Commonwealth of Mass- 
achusetts. He inaugurated the method of rolling 
copper into large sheets, at Canton, Mass., and 
made the plates for frigate Constitution, and for 
Robert Fulton’s steamboats. He assisted Gover- 
nor Samuel Adams in laying the cornerstone of 
the Massachusetts state house, July 4, 1795, and 
was a founder of the Charitable Mechanics as- 
sociation in 1795, and its first president, 1795-99, 
He was twice married ; first, Aug. 17, 1737, to 
Sarah Orne, and secondly, Nov. 10, 1773, to 
Rachel Walker, both of Boston. He died in 
Boston, Mass., May 10, 1818, and was buried in 
the Granary burial ground, 

REVERE, Paul Joseph, soldier, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Sept. 10, 1832; son of Joseph War- 
ren and Mary (Robbins) Revere, and grandson 
of Col. Paul and Rachel (Walker) Revere and of 
Edward Hutchinson and Elizabeth (Murray) 
Robbins. He was graduated at Harvard in 1852 ; 
engaged in mercantile pursuits, made’ trips into 
the mountain and lake regions, had the care of 
an extensive wharf in Boston, and defended the 
cause of laborers and women and children. He 
was married in 1859 to Lucretia Watson, daughter 
of the Rey. Dr. W. P. Lunt. He was commis- 
sioned major of thé 20th Massachusetts volunteers, 
July 1, 1861; was wounded and taken prisoner at 
the battle of Ball’s Bluff, Oct. 21, 1861, and with 
his brother, Dr. E. H. R. Revere, was confined 
in Henrico county prison from November, 1861, 
to February, 1862, and held with six others as 
hostages for a number of Confederate privateers 
under sentence of death by the U.S. court. He 
was paroled, Feb. 22, 1862, exchanged in May, 
1862, and served in the Peninsular campaign until 
August, 1862, when he was granted sick leave. He 
was promoted lieutenant-colonel, and appointed 
assistant inspector-general on the staff of Gen. 
Edwin V. Sumner, Sept. 4, 1862; was severely 
wounded at the battle of Antietam, and was an 
invalid at home until April 14, 1863, when he was 
promoted colonel of the 20th Massachusetts vol- 
unteers. He received a mortal wound at Gettys- 
burg, July 2, 1863, and was brevetted brigadier- 
general of volunteers for his bravery in that 
battle. He died at Westminster, July 4, 1865, 

REX, Charles D., educator, was born in Bal- 
timore, Md., in 1856. He matriculated at St. 
Charles college, Ellicott city, Md., Sept. 11, 1871, 
was graduated in December, 1876, and was a 
student at St. Mary's seminary, Baltimore, Md., 
1876-78. He also studied theology at the semi- 
nary of St. Sulpice, Paris, France, 1878-80, where 


£4491 


REXFORD 


he took the vows of the order and was ordained 
priest in 1880. He continued his studies at Rome, 
1880-82 ; was professor of classics at St. Charles 
college, 1883-84 ; treasurer of St. John’s seminary, 
Brighton, in 1884, and later became professor of 
dogmatic theology. He succeeded the Rev. Fr. 
Hogan as superior of St. John’s seminary in 
1889. filling the office, 1889-94. He was president 
of St. Charles college, 1894-96, and died at 
Colorado Springs, Col., Feb. 22, 1897. 

REXFORD, Eben Eugene, author, was born 
in Johnsburg, N.Y., July 16, 1848; son of Jabez 
Burrows and Rebecca (Wilcox) Rexford; grand- 
son of Rowell and Betsey Rexford and of Jacob 
and Susanna Wilcox. He was a student at Law- 
rence university, Appleton, Wis.; contributed to 
current periodicals from 1862, and was a mem- 
ber of the editorial staff of the Ladies’ Home 
Journal, Philadelphia, from 1890, conducting 
the horticultural department. He also edited 
the floral department of Home and Flowers, 
Springfield, Ohio. He was married, Dec. 9, 1890, 
to Mrs. Harriet Harsh, daughter of Carl and Anna 
Bauman. Heis the author of several well-known 
songs, including ‘‘Silver Threads Among the 
Gold” and ** Only a Pansy Blossom.” He is also 
the’author of: Brother and Lover, poem of the 
war (1886, new ed., 1897); Home Floriculture 
(1888, rev. and enl., 1903): John Fielding and 
His Enemy (1888); Grandmother's Garden (1890) ; 
Flowers, How to Grow Them (1898); The Swamp 
Secret (1897); Into the Light (1899), and many 
contributions to periodicals. 

REYNOLDS, Alexander Welch, soldier, was 
born in Clarke county, Va., in August, 1817. 
He was graduated at the U.S. Military academy 
and promoted 2d lieutenant, Ist infantry, July 1, 
1888; served in the Florida war, 1838-40, and as 
adjutant, 1840-41, and was on frontier and in 
garrison duty in Iowa, Wisconsin, and Missouri, 
1841-46. He was promoted Ist lieutenant, June 
11, 1839, and assistant quartermaster with the 
rank of captain, Aug. 5, 1847; served on quarter- 
master duty in Philadelphia, Pa., 1847-48, and in 
Mexico in 1848, and was promoted captain, March 
15, 1848. He was engaged in convoying trains to 
Forts Washita and Towson, Indian Territory, 
and to Santa Fé, Mexico, 1848-52, and in settling 
his accounts at Washington, D.C., 1852-55. A 
deficiency could not be accounted for, and he 
was dismissed from the service, Oct. 8, 1855. 
He was reinstated as assistant quartermaster 
with the rank of captain in 1857, served on 
quartermaster duty, 1858-61, and having failed 
to report for several months was dropped from 
the army list, Oct. 4, 1861. He joined the Con- 
federate army as captain of infantry in 1861; was 
appointed colonel of the 50th Virginia infantry 
in July, 1861 ; commanded the 4th brigade, made 


[450] 


REYNOLDS 


































up of the 3d, 31st, 43rd and 59th Tennessee volun- 
teers and the 3rd Maryland battery in Gen. C. L. 
Stevenson’s division, Pemberton’s Confederate 
army, at Champion’s Hill, Big Black Bridge, and 
the siege of Vicksburg up to July 4, 1863; was 
promoted brigadier-general, Sept. 14, 1863, and — 
commanded the 3d brigade, made up of the 58th 
and 60th North Carolina regiments and the 54th 
and 63d regiments, Virginia troops, in the divi- 
sion of C., L. Stevenson, Hood’s corps, in the 
Atlanta campaign. He went to Egypt after the 
close of the civil war, was appointed colonel of | 
staff in the Egyptian army, April 21, 1870, and 
took a prominent part in the Abyssinian war. 
He died in Alexandria, Egypt, May 26, 1876. 

REYNOLDS, Daniel Harris, soldier, was born 
near Centerburg, Ohio, Dec. 14, 1832; son of — 
Amos and Sophia (Houck) Reynolds, and a de- 
scendant of John Reynolds, who came to America 
prior to 1771 and settled in Loudoun county, Va. 
He was educated at the Ohio Wesleyan univer- 
sity; removed to Somerville, Tenn., in 1857, 
where he studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1858. He settled in practice at Lake 
Village, Chicot county, Ark., in May, 1858, and 
on March 25, 1861, was appointed captain in an — 
Arkansas regiment. He served in McCulloch’s 
division in the campaigns of Missouri and Arkan- 
sas, 1861-62 ; took part in the battle of Pea Ridge, 
March 7-8, 1862, and in April was transferred 
with Price’s army to Tupelo, Miss., the head- 
quarters of General Beauregard, in command of — 
the Army of the Mississippi. On June 27, 1862, — 
General Bragg assumed command and began his 
invasion of Kentucky. Captain Reynolds took 
part in the battles of Iuka, Sept. 19; Corinth, 
Oct. 3-4, and Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862. He was 
promoted brigadier-general, March 5, 1864, and — 
commanded his brigade in Cantey’s and Wal-— 
thall’s division, Polk’s corps, Army of the Missis- 
sippi, in the Atlanta campaign, and in Hood’s— 
Army of Tennessee in the invasion of that state, 
including the battle of Nashville, Dec. 15-16, — 
1864. He was several times wounded and his 
leg was amputated. He surrendered with the- 
army of the West and returned to the practice 
of law in Lake Village, Ark., from which place 
he was a state senator, 1866-67. He was married, 
Nov. 24, 1868, to Martha Jane, daughter of Jere- 
miah and Eleanor (Waddell) Wallace of Lake 
Village, Ark., where he died, March 14, 1902. 

REYNOLDS, Elmer Robert, ethnologist. was 
born near Dansville, N.Y., July 30, 1846; son — 
of Dr, Allen Branch and Sarah Wanzer (Van 
Amburg) Reynolds, and grandson of Allen Rey-- 
nolds, of Colonel Warren’s regiment, of the Con- 
necticut line, in the Revolutionary war. He 
removed with his parents to New Lisbon, Wis., 
in 1848, where he received his primary educa- 


REYNOLDS 
















































He studied medicine at the Columbian 
versity, Washington, D.C., and at the Na- 
al College of Pharmacy. In 1861 he joined 
ie Federal army, serving in the 10th Wisconsin 
ig rhs artillery, 1861-65. He entered the U.S. 
avy as a school teacher in 1866, serving in the 
Ho! me station and in the Mediterranean fe 
until 1876. He was married, May 15, 1871, 
Dora, daughter of Conrad and Miranda bt 
house of Ohio. He was a reporter on the Daily 
Chronicle, Washington, D.C., in 1876, and 
en tered the civil service as examiner of pensions 
in 1877. He made extensive explorations of the 
wboriginal rernains of Maryland and Virginia, 
xtended his research to the remote tributaries 
of Chesapeake bay, made a map of the Indian 
towns of that region, and collected photographs 
of the Pamunkey Indian tribe of Virginia. He 
s lecturer on American archeology at the 
Catholic University of America, 1390-92. He 
as knighted by King Humbert of Italy in 1887, 
nd received honors from Portugal, France, Den- 
nark and Germany. He was a founder of the 
Anthropological society of Washington, D.C., 
nd its secretary, 1879-81; an honorary member 
f the Trinity Historical society, Dallas, Texas, 
American Academy of Science, the Society of 
imerican Authors, British Society of Arts, and 
yf many other important literary and scientific 
ocieties at home and abroad. He is the author 
ff several monographs on ethnology, botany and 
reology. He received the degree Sci.D. from 
ertus Magnus university, Wichita, Kan., and 
vas made a member of the university senate in 
901, and professor in partibus. 

R ae Ignatius NO ed R.C. bishop, 
is born at Bardstown, Ky., Aug. 22, 1798. His 
\ esnts removed from Maryland to Nelson county, 
<y., before his birth, and he was prepared for 
priesthood in St. Thomas Theological semi- 
at Bardstown, and at St. Mary’s seminary, 
more, Md.; was ordained priest at Balti- 
nore, Md., Oct. 24, 1823, and was a professor in 
t. Joseph’s college, Bardstown, Ky., 1823-27, 
nd president of the institution, 1827-30. He 
professor in St. Thomas Theological semi- 
and pastor of the Cathedral at Bardstown, 
1830-34, and during the cholera epidemic 
33, devoted himself to the care of the sick 
dying. He was rector of the only Roman 
olic church in Louisville, Ky., 1834-40, 
e he organized parochial schools and an 
ge; was in Europe, 1840-41, and was 
-general of the diocese of Bardstown, and 
of Louisville, under Bishop Flaget, 1842-44. 
as made successor to Bishop John England, 
e see of Charleston, S.C., in May, 1848, and 
nsecrated in St. Peter’s cathedral, Cincin- 
,; March 19, 1844, by Archbishop Pur- 


REYNOLDS — 


cell, assisted by Bishops Miles of Nashville, Tenn., 
and O'Connor of Pittsburg, Pa. He visited every 
part of his diocese annually. In 1845 he visited 
Europe to obtain pecuniary aid, and laid the 
foundation of the Cathedral of St. Finbar in 
Charleston in 1850, which he completed and con- 
secrated in 1854. He was a member of the sixth 
council of Baltimore in 1846, of the seventh in 
1849, and of the first national plenary council in 


1852. He edited the Works of Bishop England 
(5 vols., 1849). He died in Charleston, S.C., 


March 9, 1855. 

REYNOLDS, John, governor of Illinois, was 
born in Montgomery county, Pa., Feb, 26, 1788 ; 
son of Robert and Margaret (Moore) Reynolds, 
who emigrated from Ireland to the United States, 
and settled in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1785. His 
parents removed to 
Tennessee during his 
infancy and from 
there to Kaskaskia, 
Ill., in 1800. He la- 
bored on his father’s 
farm, attended 
lege in Tennessee, 
and studied law under 
John MecCampbell in 
Knoxville, Tenn., 
1810-12. He served 
on the Illinois frontier f 
as ascout in the cam- ! 


col- 





paigns against the 
Indians, 1812-13, and 
began the practice 


in 1814, 
engaged in surveying ae selling lands. 
elected an associate judge of the state supreme 
court in 1818, subsequently succeeding Chief- 
Justice Phillips ; represented St. Clair county in 


where he also 
He was 


of law in Cahokia, IIl., 


the Illinois legislature, 1826-29 ; was Democratic 
governor of Illinois, 1830-34; commanded tho 
Illinois militia during the Black Hawk war in 
May and vune, 1832; was a Democratic represen- 
tative from Illinois in the 23d congress to fill 
the vacancy caused by the death of Charles Slade, 
and in the 24th congress, serving from Dec. 1, 
1834, to March 3, 1887. He was defeated for the 
25th congress in 1836, and was re-elected to the 
26th and 27th congresses, 1839-43. He was a 
member of the state financial committee ap- 
pointed in 1838 to negotiate loans to carry on 
public improvements; visited England and the 
continent of Europe in behalf of the project in 
1839; was a representative in the state legisla- 
ture, 1846-48 and 1852-54, and speaker of the 
house, 1852-54. He was an anti-Douglas delegate 
to the Charleston convention in 1860, upported 
John C. Breckinridge for the presidency, and in 
1861 urged upon the Democratic administration 


[451] 


REYNOLDS 


the seizure of the treasure and arms in the 
custom-house and arsenal at St. Louis, Mo. He 
edited the Daily Eagle, Belleville, Ill., for several 
years, and is the author of : The Pioneer History 
of Illinois (1848); John Kelly; A Glance at the 
Crystal Palace and Sketches of Travel (1854), and 
My Own Times (1855). He died in Belleville, IIl., 
May 8, 1865. ° 

REYNOLDS, John Fulton, soldier, was born 
in Lancaster, Pa., Sept. 20, 1820; son of John and 
Lydia (Moore) Reynolds; grandson of William 
and Catharine Ferree (Le Fevre) Reynolds and of 
Samuel and (Fulton) Moore. William Rey- 
nolds, a Scotch-Irish 
Protestant, came to 
America in 1762: set- 
tled in Pennsylvania, 
and served in the 
Revolutionary war. 
John Fulton Reynolds 
was graduated at the 
U.S. Military acad- 
emy and brevetted 2d 
lieutenant in the 38d 
artillery, July 1, 1841; 
was commissioned 2d 
lieutenant, Oct. 28, 
1841, and served in 
garrison duty, 1841- 
45; in the military 
occupation of Texas, 1845-46, and in the war 
with Mexico, 1846-47. He engaged in the de- 
fense of Fort Brown, Tex.; was brevetted cap- 
tain, Sept. 23, 1846, for gallantry at Monterey, 
and major, Feb. 23, 1847, for Buena Vista. He 
was promoted ist lieutenant, June 18, 1846; 
served in garrison duty, 1848-52 ; as quartermas- 
ter of the regiment, 1850-52, and as aide-de-camp 
to Major-General Twiggs, 1852-53. He served in 
garrison in New York and on the Pacific coast, 
1854-56 ; was promoted captain, March 8, 1855, 
and took part in the Rogue River expedition in 
1856. He served in garrison and on frontier duty, 
1856-58, in the Utah expedition and in the march 
to the Columbia river, 1858-59, and was stationed 
at Fort Vancouver, 1859-60. He was command- 
ant of cadets, and instructor in artillery, infantry 
and cavalry tactics, at West Point, N. Y., 1860-61 ; 
was promoted lieutenant-colonel and transferred 
to the 14th infantry, May 14, 1861; wasstationed 
at Fort Trumbull, Conn., July to September, 
1861, and was appointed brigadier-general of U.S. 
volunteers, Aug. 20, 1861. He commanded the 
ist brigade of the Pennsylvania reserve corps, on 
the right of the lines before Washington, D.C., 
1861-62, and in the seven days’ battles before 
Richmond, June 25-July 1st, commanded the 1st 
brigade, 3d division, Fitz-John Porter’s 5th corps. 
In the second day’s battle at Beaver Dam Creek 








CLIN ot Hey aret AN 


[45 


REYNOLDS ’ 


he had charge of the defenses and forces at and 


above Mechanicsville, and so valiantly did his — | 


brigade repulse D. H. Hill’s attack, that the road — 
and hillside were strewn with dead and wounded 
Confederates, and the main body of Hill’s army 
withdrew. The following day, Porter’s corps 
was ordered back to Gaines’s Mill, and Reynolds 
was assigned to an unimportant post ; but assoon 
as he found that the rest of the fifth corps was 
under fire, he hastened to their aid, and arrived 
just in time to give General Griffin much needed 
support. After severe fighting, Porter was dis- 
lodged and Reynolds was captured, June 28, 1862. 
The civil authorities at Fredericksburg, Va., 
where Reynolds was very popular, interceded at 
Richmond for his exchange, and Aug. 8, 1862, he 
was exchanged for General Barksdale. He joined 
the army in northern Virginia and was given 
command of the third division of Porter’s corps, 
the division containing his old brigade. On Aug, 
22, 1862, he was temporarily assigned to Me- 
Dowell’s corps, and on Aug. 28, engaged General 
Taliaferro near Gainesville, tried to assist King at 
Groveton and hastened to Manassas. He became 
engaged late in the afternoon of Aug. 29, and 
fought valiantly on the left of the line. At the 
request of Governor Curtin, he was assigned — 
to the command of the Pennsylvania volunteer 
militia in September, 1862, during the first in- 
vasion of the state, thus missing the battle of 
Antietam. He returned to the Army of the 
Potomac, was promoted major-general of vol- 
unteers, Nov. 29, 1862, and succeeded General — 
Hooker in the command of the first corps. He — 


took part in the Rappahannock campaign, and at q 


Fredericksburg on Dec. 13, 1862, made the prin- — 
cipal attack, ordering Meade’s division, supported — 
by Gibbons, to the crest of the heights, a position — 
he was unable to hold because poorly supported, — 
After this battle, the command of the army was Y 
offered to Reynolds, but he declined the position, — 
claiming that any commander would be ham- — 
pered by orders from Washington. Hooker ace 
cepted the command and moved to Chancel- 

lorsville, leaving Sedgwick and Reynolds at 

Fredericksburg. On May 2, 1863, Reynolds was 
ordered to join Hooker at Chancellorsville, But — 
his corps was not engaged in the fight, and on — 
May 5, 1863, he urged Hooker to advance instead 
of retreating. After Meade had succeeded to the — 





command of the army, he consulted with Rey- a 


nolds in regard to massing the scattered corps at 


Pipe Creek and bringing on a general engage- 


ment. On June 27, Reynolds had three corps at 
Middletown pass and South Mountain pass, and — 
started to move his troops in accordance with 


Meade’s plans. On July 1, while at the head of 4 


the first and eleventh corps, he heard that Bu- 
ford’s cavalry was heavily engaged at Gettysburg, 
2] | 





ft 













REYNOLDS 



























































hw ied forward with one small division, and 
Jered the rest tofollow. On reaching the field, 
immediately put his division into action and 
) Buford mapped out a plan of battle, and 
hen his reinforcements arrived, led Meredith’s 
Tron Brigade” in an attempt to dislodge a Con- 
derate force ina wood. He struck heavy, suc- 
ive blows, turned the enemy’s right, captured 
commander and routed the brigade. Rey- 
was killed by a sharp-shooter, while leading 
arge, but not before his quick decision in 
eting the field of battle had given the ad- 
tage of position to the Federal army. The 
members of his corps erected a bronze heroic 
statue of him (executed by John Q. A. Ward) 
n the field of battle, and his portrait by Alex- 
ur der Laurie is in the library of the U.S. Mili- 
academy. The state of Pennsylvania placed 
anite shaft on the spot where he fell, and in 
the Reynolds’ Memorial association unveiled 
i onze equestrian statue of him by John Rogers 
in Philadelphia, which statue was the gift of 
rf ph E. Temple. See ‘‘ Reynolds Memorial 
Address” by Joseph G. Rosengarten (1880), He 
killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. 
EYNOLDS, John Parker, agriculturist, was 
n in Lebanon, Ohio, March 1, 1820; son of 
n Parker and Laura Patience (Willson) 
olds ; grandson of Gilbert and Experience 
rd) Willson of Bennington county, Vt., and 
t-grandson of Joseph Reynolds, a native of 
D ee county, N.Y.,and a descendant of Jona- 
than Reynolds of Warren, R.I., who came to 
erica from Devonshire, England, in 1650. He 
graduated from Miami university, A.B., 1838, 
[., 1841, and from the Cincinnati Law college, 
..B., 1840, and was admitted to the bar in 1841. 
vas married, Nov. 3, 1842, to Eliza Ann, 
shter of William and Sarah Bebb of Hamil- 
Jhio ; practised law in Hamilton, 1841-48 ; 
sted a stock and fruit farm in Winnebago 
pul, and subsequently in Marion county, 
I-60. He was secretary of the Illinois State 
U Peel ccicty Springfield, Ill., 1860-68 ; its 
1 lent, 1871, and a member of its board of 
ctors for twenty-seven years; president of 
nois state sanitary commission, 1862-65 ; 
ite to the Paris Universal exposition of 1867, 
he served on the jury of agricultural im- 
: s and establishments; president of the 
lois state board of agriculture, Chicago, IIL, 
-73; secretary and director of the interstate 
trial exposition of Chicago, 1878-91 ; presi- 
the Illinois state commission to the Cen- 
exposition at Philadelphia, 1876: chief 
spector of grain, 1877-82; and director-in- 
ef 0: the Illinois state commission for the 
rl ls Columbian exposition, 1891-93. He re- 
ved he honorary degree of LL.D. from Miami 


REYNOLDS 


university in 1896, and was a frequent contribu‘ 
tor to agricultural and scientific journals. 
REYNOLDS, Joseph Jones, soldier. was born 
in Flemingsburg, Ky., Jan. 4, 1822. He was ap- 
pointed to the U.S. Military academy from Indi- 
ana and was graduated from there and brevetted 
2d lieutenant, 4th artillery, July 1, 1843. He took 
part in the military occupation of Texas, 1845-46, 
and was commissioned 2d lieutenant, 3d artillery, 
May 11, 1846. He was assistant professor of 
geography, history and ethics at the U.S. Military 
academy, 1846-47; of natural and experimental 
philosophy, 1847-49, and principal assistant pro- 
fessor of the same, 1849-55. He was promoted 
1st lieutenant, 3d artillery, March 3, 1847 ; served 
on frontier duty at Fort Washita, Indian Ty., 
1855-56, and resigned from the army, Feb. 28, 
1857. He was professor of mechanics and engi- 
neering in Washington university, St. Louis, Mo., 
1836-60, and a merchant at Lafayette, Ind., 1860- 
61. On April 27, 1861, he was commissioned 
colonel of the 7th’ Indiana volunteers, placed in 
command of Camp Morton at Indianapolis, Ind., 
was promoted brigadier-general of Indiana vol- 
unteers, May 10, 1861, and May 7 was commis- 
sioned brigadier-general of the U.S. volunteers. 
He served in western Virginia’ under McClellan 
and Rosecrans, and when in September, 1861, 
Rosecrans marched against Wise, Reynolds was 
left in command of the Cheat mountain district, 
which he defended in two lively combats, Sept. 
12 and 14, preventing the diversion of Rosecrans 
from his campaign, and on Oct. 3, 1861, he at- 
tacked the Confederates at Greenbrier river. He 
resigned his commission, Jan, 23, 1862, and until 
the following November spent his time enlisting 
troops in Indiana. He was commissioned colonel 
of the 75th Indiana volunteers, Aug. 21, 1862 ; 
and on Sept. 17, 1862, was promoted brigadier- 
general, and attached to the Army of the Cum- 
berland. He was promoted major-general, Nov. 
29, 1862, and in June, 1863, when Rosecrans dis- 
lodged Bragg at Tullahoma, Tenn., Reynolds’ 
division supported Col. J. T. Wilder’s mounted 
infantry at Hoover’s Gap and pushed Stewart 
back to the main body. At Chickamauga, Ga., he 
commanded the 4th division, 14th (Thomas’s) 
corps, and at the opening of battle was placed on 
a crest with three other divisions, and when Long- 
street broke through the Union line, these four 
divisions were cut off from the rest of the line 
and were the only part of Rosecrans’s command 
to hold its ground in the face of Longstreet’s 
desperate attack. Reynolds was made chief of 
staff of the Army of the Cumberland, Oct. 10, 
1863, and in this capacity took part in the battle 
of Chattanooga. In January, 1864, he was given 
command of the defenses of New Orleans, La., 
and on July 7, 1864, was made commander of the 


[453] 


REYNOLDS 


19th army corps. He commanded the Missis- 
sippi river from its mouth to Memphis, Tenn., 
October to November, 1864; the military division 
of West Mississippi in November, 1864, the de- 
partment of Arkansas from November, 1864, to 
April, 1866, and the 7th army corps from Novem- 
ber, 1864, to August, 1865. He was mustered out 
of the volunteer service, Sept. 1, 1866, having 
been reappointed to the U.S. army as colonel of 
the 26th infantry, July 28, 1866. He commanded 
the sub-district of the Rio Grande, Tex., the dis- 
trict of Texas and the 5th military district, 1867- 
68; was brevetted brigadier-general of the U.S. 
army, March 2, 1867, for Chickamauga and Mis- 
sion Ridge respectively, served as assistant com- 
missioner of the Freedmen’s Bureau for Texas in 
December, 1868, and January, 1869, and as a 
member of the court of inquiry at Washington, 
D.C., January to February, 1869. He commanded 
the 5th military district, 1869-70 ; the department 
of Texas, 1870-72, was transferred to the 25th 
infantry, Jan. 8, 1870, and to the 3d cavalry, Dec. 
15, 1870, and commanded Fort McPherson, Neb., 
from March, 1872, to May, 1873, and from August, 
1873, to February, 1874. He was a member of 
the board of visitors to the U.S. Naval academy 
in July, 1873, and of the court of inquiry at 
Washington, D.C., February to May, 1874; in 
command of Fort D. A. Russell, Wyo., and of the 
district of South Platte, 1874-76, and of the Big 
Horn expedition, February to April, 1876, and 
was retired from active service for disability con- 
tracted in the line of duty, June 25, 1877. He 
received the honorary degree A.M. from Wabash 
college in 1853, and declined the nomination of 
U.S. senator from Texas in 1871. He died in 
Washington, D.C., Feb. 25, 1899. 

REYNOLDS, Robert John, governor of Dela- 
ware, was born in Smyrna, Del., March 17, 1838 ; 
son of Robert W. Reynolds, who was defeated by 
four votes for governor of Delaware in 1862. He 
was educated in the public schools of Fairfield, 
N.Y., and engaged in farming in Petersburg, 
Del., in 1861, making a specialty of the cultiva- 
tion of peaches. He was married in 1861 to 
Lavinia L., daughter of William E. Riggs of 
Newcastle county, Del. He was elected a mem- 
ber of the general assembly of Delaware, 1879-83, 
served as state treasurer, 1879-83, and as chair- 
man of the Democratic state committee, 1883-87. 
He was elected governor of Delaware by the 
Democratic party, serving 1891-95. He was a 
delegate to the Democratic national convention 
of 1892, and resumed farming in 1895. 

REYNOLDS, Thomas, governor of Missouri, 
was born in Bracken county, Ky., March 12, 1796. 
He was admitted to the bar in 1817; removed to 
Illinois, where he engaged in the practice of law 
and was elected clerk of the state house of rep- 


REYNOLDS 


resentatives. He was a representative in and 
speaker of that body ; attorney-general of the 
state, and chief-justice of the state supreme 
court. He removed to Fay- 
ette, Howard county, Mo., 
in 1829; represented How- 
ard county in the state leg- 
islature, and was elected | 
speaker in 1832.. He was a 
circuit judge for several 
years, and in 1840 was 
elected governor of Missouri by the Democratic 
party serving, 1841-44. He died by his own 
hand at Jefferson City, Mo., Feb. 9, 1844. 
REYNOLDS, William, naval officer, was born 
in Lancaster, Pa., Dec. 18, 1815; son of John 
and Lydia (Moore) Reynolds. He was appointed 
acting midshipman in the U.S. navy, Nov. 1%, 
1831 ; was stationed at the Naval school, Norfolk, 
Va., 1836-67; promoted past midshipman, June 
15, 1887 ; served on Capt. Charles Wilkes’s explor- 
ing expedition, 1838-42, and was commissioned 
lieutenant, Sept. 8, 1841. He was attached to 
the Cumberland and Plymouth of the Mediter- 
ranean squadron, 1843-45; to the steamer Alle- 
ghany, on the Mississippi river, in the Gulf of 
Mexico, at Brazil and in the Mediterranean, 
1846-49; was on sick leave, 1850-57; naval store 
keeper at Honolulu, in the Sandwich Islands, 
1857-61 ; was returned to the active list, April 
25, 1861; promoted commander, June 9, 1862, 
and commanded the Vermont at Port Royal, 8.C., 
in November, 1862, and the New Hampshire, and 
the naval depot at Port Royal, 1863-65. He was 
promoted captain, July 25, 1866, commanded the 
Lackawanna of the North Pacific squadron, 1866- 
69; served as senior officer of the ordnance board, 
1869-70, and was promoted commodore, June 10, 
1870. He was chief of the bureau of equipment, 
1870-75; acting secretary of the navy, during 
the temporary absence of Secretary Robeson, 
1873-74; was promoted rear-admiral, Dec. 12, 
1873, and commanded the Asiatic station on the 
flagship Tennessee, 1875-77. In 1877 ill health 
forced him to return to the United States, and 
he was placed on the retired list, Dec. 10, 1877, 
and died in Washington, D.C., Nov. 5, 1879. 
REYNOLDS, William Morton, clergyman, 









"J iil} “jax 


was born in Fayette county, Pa., March 4, 18125 — 


son of Col. George (a Revolutionary soldier) and 
Mary (Babe) Reynolds. He was graduated at the 
Theological seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., in 1828, 
and at Jefferson college, Canonsburg, Pa., in 
1832; was principal of the preparatory depart- 
ment of Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, Pa., 
1833-35 ; financial agent of the college in 1889; 
was licensed to preach by the Western Penn- 
sylvania Synod of the Lutheran church in 1835, 
and ordained in 1836. He was pastor of the 


[454] 





= @ 


t. 


1 = eee 





REZE 






























heran congregation at Deerfield, N.J., 1835- 
professor of Latin in Pennsylvania col- 

He was married in June, 1838, 
a Maria, daughter of John Swan. He was 
st president of Capitol university, Colum- 
hio, 1850-53 ; principal of a female seminary, 
Pa., and of a classical academy, Allen- 
a., 1853-57; president of Illinois State 
sity, 1857-60 ; principal of a female semi- 
in Chicago, Tll., 1860-64 ; was admitted to the 
onate and or A ined priest in the Protestant 
pal church by Bishop Whitehouse of Illi- 
1864, and was rector of various parishes 
he diocése of Illinois until his death. He 
ved the degree D.D. from Jefferson college 
. He founded and became editor of the 
Jvangelical Magazine in 1840; edited the Lin- 
san Record and Journal in 1845, and established 
edited the Evangelical Review, 1849-62. He 
lso the chief editor of the hymn book of 
general synod in 1850, and an active member 
s liturgical committee for several years. He 
shed American Literature, an address (1845) ; 


36-50. 





s (1846); Inaugural Address as President of 
itol sy (1850); Historical piles 


, by Israel Acrelius (1874). He died in 


ark, Ill., Sept. 5, 1876. 


nberg, diocese of Hildeshiem, Germany, 
b. 6, 1791; son of John Gotfried and Caroline 
tz) Reese and was baptized John Frederic 
rad Rese (Reese). Being leftan orphan he was 
renticed to a tailor, and subsequently engaged 
trade until 1818, when he was drafted into 
tary service of his country. He served 
English Hanoverian campaigns, 1813-14, 
dragoon under General Bliicher at Water- 
e was prepared for the priesthood in the 
of the Propaganda at Rome, and ordained 
mi e by Cardinal Zurla, prefect of the Pro- 
in 1822, his name being thereafter 
on Frederic hese. He served on the African 
ion, 1822-24, when ill-health forced him to 
. He accompanied Bishop Edward D. 
k to the United States in 1825, became 
etary, and labored in the diocese of Cin- 
devoting himself specially to the Ger- 
He was sent to Europe by Bishop Fenwick 
to secure German priests and financial 
returned in 1828 with several mission- 
ving been successful and instrumental 
ng the Leopoldine society in Vienna, 
, for helping poor missions in America. 


RHEA 


sin and Michigan in 1830, having been appointed 
vicar-general of these states; became adminis- 
trator of the diocese of Cincinnati on the death 
of Bishop Fenwick in 1832, and on Feb, 25, 1833, 
was appointed the first bishop of the diocese of 
Detroit, established, March 8, 1833. 
secrated at Cincinnati, 
Bishop Rosati, assisted 
Coadjutor-Bishop David, and was the first bishop 
of German birth in the United States. He at- 
tended the 2d provincial council of Baltimore in 
1833, and during his bishopric founded St. 
Philip’s college in Detroit, established academies 
there and at Green Bay, which he placed under 
the order of the Poor Clares, and opened schools 
for the Indians. He also introduced the Redemp- 
torists into the United States. Although successful 
in his work he met with innumerable difficulties 
in his diocese, and becoming ill from a disease of 
the brain he was called to Rome and given a 
coadjutor in 1837, in the person of Peter Paul 
Lefevre (q.v.). Bishop Reze continued to per- 
form some duties at Rome, 1837-49, and was 
placed in the hospital of the Sisters of Charity, 
at Lappenberg, Germany, in 1849. He died in 
Hildesheim, Germany, Dec. 30, 1871. 

RHEA, John, representative, was born in Ire- 
land, about 17538. He came to the United States 
with his father, a Scotch-Irish Presbyterian min- 
ister in 1769; settled in Pennsylvania, and re- 
moved to eastern Tennessee, then a part of the 
state of North Carolina, in 1778. He was gradu- 
ated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 1780, 
A.M. 1783, was a member of the Patriot force 
in the battle of King’s Mountain in October, 1780, 
and was clerk of the county court of Sullivan 
county in the proposed state of Franklin, and 
subsequently in North Carolina, 1785-90, serving 
in the North Carolina house of commons and 
in the state convention that ratified the consti- 
tution of the United States, 1789. He was a del- 
egate from Sullivan county to the constitutional 
convention of Tennessee, 1796, serving on the 
committee that drafted the constitution of the 
new state. He was attorney-general of Greene 
county, 1796 ; a representative from Washington 
district in the lower house of the Tennessee leg- 
islature and doorkeeper of the house, 1796-97, and 
a legislation elector to select presidential electors 
in 1796. He was a Democratic representative 
from Washington district in the 8th-12th con- 
gresses, 1803-13, and from the first Tennessee dis- 
trict in the 13th, 15th, 16th, and 17th congresses, 

1813-15 and 1817-23, serving for many years as 
chairman of the committee on postoffices and 
postroads. He was appointed U.S. commissioner 
to treat with the Choctaw Nation in 1816; was 
an intermediary between General Jackson and 
President Monroe in the memorable correspond- 


He was con- 
Ohio, Oct. 6, 1883, by 
by Bishop Flaget and 


[455 | 


RHEA 


ence preceding the war in Florida, 1818, and is 
the author of the ‘*‘ Rhea Letter ”’ written to James 
Monroe in 1831 during President Jackson’s ad- 
ministration. He was actively connected with 
the progress of higher education in Tennessee, 
being appointed a charter trustee of Greeneville 
college, 1794; of Washington college, 1795, and 
of East Tennessee college, 1807. He died in Suli- 
van, Tenn., May 27, 1882. 

RHEA, John S., representative, was born in 
Russellville, Logan county, Ky., March 9, 1855. 
He attended Bethel college, Russellville, and 
Washington and Lee university, Lexington, Va.; 
studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1873, 
and established himself in practice at Russell- 
ville. He was prosecuting attorney of Logan 
county, 1878-84; Democratic presidential elec- 
tor in 1884 and 1888, and a delegate to the 
Democratic national conventions of 1892 and 
1896, proposing at the latter the name of Senator 
J. C. S. Blackburn for presidential nominee. 
He was Democratic representative from the third 
Kentucky district in the 55th, 56th and 57th 
congresses, 1897-1903, and was re-elected to the 
58th congress in November, 1902, for the term 
expiring in 1905. 

RHEA, William Francis, representative, was 
born in Washington county, Va., April 20, 1859 ; 
son of Joseph W. and Elizabeth Rhea. He at- 
tended the Oldfield school; worked on a farm, 
and was a student in King college, Bristol, Tenn., 
1875-78. He was married in November, 1878, to 
Mary Chester, daughter of V. and Mary (Chester) 
Keebler of Bristol, Va. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1879 and began practice in Bristol; was 
judge of the county court of Washington county, 
1881-85 ; state senator, 1885-89, and judge of the 
city court of Bristol, 1890-95 when he resigned, 
and resumed the practice of law in Bristol. He 
was a Democratic representative from the ninth 
district of Virginia in the 56th and 57th congresses, 
1899-1903, and was a candidate for re-election to 
the 58th congress, but was defeated by Campbell 
Slemp. After the election Congressman Rhea 
published the statement that if a certificate of 
election should be issued by the Virginia state 
board to himself based on the exclusion of the 
votes of precincts Pattison and Mendota, he 
he should decline to accept it, believing that the 
votes belonged to his opponent. 

RHEES, Benjamin Rush, educator, was born 
in Chicago, Ill., Feb. 8, 1860; son of John Evans 
and Annie (McCutchen) Rhees; grandson of 
Morgan John and Grace (Evans) Rhees, and of 
William Moore and Eliza (St. John) McCutchen, 
and a descendant of Morgan John Rhees, who 
came to Philadelphia from Glamorganshire, 
Wales, in 1794. He was graduated from Am- 
herst college in 1883, and from Hartford Theo- 


RHEES 


logical seminary in 1888. He was Walker in- 


structor in mathematics at Amherst, 1883-85 ; 
pastor of the Middle Street Baptist church, Ports- 


mouth, N.H., 1889-92; associate professor of New — 


Testament interpretation at the Newton Theolo- 
gical Institution, Newton Centre, Mass., 1892-94; 
full professor, 1894-1900, and in 1900 became 


president of the University of Rochester, suc-— 


ceeding David Jayne Hill (q.v.). He was mar- 
ried, July 6, 1899, to Harriet Chapin, daughter of 
President L. Clark Seelye of Smith college. The 
degree of A.M. was conferred on him in 1897 by 


Amherst for special work and thesis; the honor- 


ary degree of LL.D. by Amherst in 1900, and 
that of D.D. by Colgate in 1901. He is the 
author of : The Life of Jesus of Nazareth, a 


Study (1900); and many articles on biblical sub- 


jects in the leading journals and periodicals. 

RHEES, William Jones, bibliographer, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 13, 1830; son 
of Dr. Benjamin Rush and Margaret Grace 
(Evans) Rhees, and grandson of the Rev. Morgan 
John and Ann (Loxley) Rhees or Rhys, and of 
Evan Rice and Grace 





(Wallis) Evans. The ne 
| ee 
Rev. Morgan John $a asss 






Rhvs ee 3 Sih Cin 

ys, anative of Gla SO) 

morganshire, Wales, SS wi 
immigrated to the 
United States in 1794, 
and after residing 
in Philadelphia, Pa., 
purchased, in connec- 
tion with Dr. Benja- 
min Rush, a large 
tract. of: land “in 
Pennsylvania, which 
he called Cambria, 
and formed Cambria 
county. He founded 
Beulah as the capital of this tract, 





with a 
number of Welsh colonists in 1798, but subse f 
quently settled in Somerset county, Pa., where 


he served as judge, appointed 
Mifflin. 
the Central High school, Philadelphia, Pa., A.B., 
1847, A.M., 1852 ; became a clerk and draughts- 
man in the oftice of the Holland Land company 


at Meadville, Pa., in 1847, and a clerk in the cen- 


sus office in Washington, D.C., in 1850, where he 
had charge of the division of social statistics and 
miscellaneous printing until 1853. He served as 
secretary of the executive committee of the United 
States for the Industrial Exhibition in London, 
1851; was private secretary to Professor Joseph 
Henry of the Smithsonian Institution, 1853-88; 
chief clerk of the Institution from 1853, and 
at various times (1884-87) acting secretary of 
the Institution. He was married, Nov. 18, 1856, 


[456] 









by Governor 
William Jones Rhees was graduated at — 











4 







































RHETT 


Leura O., daughter of Isaac and Mary A. 
erett) Clarke of Washington, D.C.; and 
ndly, Sept. 20, 1866, to Romenia F. Ellis of 
on, Mass. He was one of the three original 
ders of the Young Men’s Christian associa- 
serving in all its offices from librarian to 
dent, and was a delegate to and secretary 
f many national conventions. He was also one 
f the founders of the Sons of the American 
yolution ; organized a lecture bureau in 1856 
r the Y.M.C.A., securing the service of emi- 
ent speakers, and conducted Professor John 
Tyndall's lecture tour of the United States in 
872. He was a trustee of the public schools of 
Washington, 1862-68, 1873-74 and 1878-79, and 
nvented and patented the Rhees ruler and pencil- 
sase slate in 1868. He had charge of the publica- 
tions of the Smithsonian Institution ; edited The 
scientific Writings of James Smithson (1879), 
and is the author of : Manual of Public Libraries, 
stitutions and Societies in the United States 
id British Provinces of North America (1859) ; 

le to the Smithsonian Institution and Na- 
Museum (1859, and many later editions) ; 
Vanual of Public Schools of Washington (1863- 
6 i The Smithsonian Institution : Documents 
lative to its Origin and History (1879 and 1901); 
ines Smithson and his Bequest (1880); and 
“a ious Catalogues of Publications of the Smith- 
On nian Institution (1862-1903). 

RHETT, Robert Barnwell, statesman, was 
born in Beaufort, 8.C., Dec. 14, 1800; son of 
ies and Marianna (Gough) Smith. He re- 
ed an academic education ; was admitted to 
bar in 1824; was a representative from the 
Beaufort district in 
the state legislature 
in 1826 ; attorney-gen- 
eral of the state in 
1832, and in 1887 sub- 
stituted the surname 
Rhett from a colonial 
ancestor for his pat- 
ronymic Smith. He 
was a States’ Rights 
representative from 
the seventh district 
of South Carolina in 
the 25th-30th con- 
gresses, 1837-49, and 
was elected to the 
; U.S. senate to fill the 
ey caused by the death of John C. Cal- 
, serving from Jan. 6, 1851, to Aug. 31, 
and resigning during the vacation of con- 
rom Aug. 31, to Dec. 6, 1852, on account 
death of his wife. While in the senate 
irged the withdrawal of South Carolina 
rom the Union, even if the state stood alone 


RHIND 


in the movement. He took no active part in 
public affairs after his resignation until Decem- 
ber, 1860, when he was a member of the South 
Carolina secession convention, and prepared the 
declaration of her people in convention, giving 
to the world her reasons for seceding. He was 
chairman of the South Carolina delegation to 
the congress of seceded states that met at Mont- 
gomery, Ala., Feb. 4, 1861, and was made chair- 
man of the committee appointed to frame a con- 
stitution for a permanent government. To this 
instrument he proposed the amendments in rela- 
tion to the protective policy ; the presidential 
term ; the modification of the removal from office 
or civil service reform, and the mode provided 
for future amendments. It was his casting vote 
that elected Jefferson Davis provisional president 
of the Confederate States, although he was per- 
sonally opposed to his candidacy, and he was 
chairman of the committee to notify the presi- 
dent elect and to present him to the convention 
for inauguration. He was chairman of the com- 
mittee on foreign affairs in the provisional con- 
gress, and favored the immediate demand from 
foreign nations of recognition of the Confederate 
States of America as an independent government, 
in which he was opposed by the administration, 
On the removal of the seat of government to 
Richmond and the organization of the govern- 
ment under a permanent constitution, Feb. 22, 
1862, he appears to have taken no part either in 
the administrative or legislative departments. He 
owned the Charleston Mercury, in which he advo- 
cated his extreme states’ rights views, and his son, 
Robert B. Rhett, Jr., conducted the paper during 
the civil war. Senator Rhett removed to St. 
James parish, La., from whence he was sent as 
a delegate to the Democratic national conven- 
tion of 1868, apparently his last public act. He 
died in St. James Parish, La., Sept. 14, 1876. 
RHIND, Alexander Colden, naval officer, was 
born in New York city, Oct. 31, 1821; son of 
Charles and (Colden) Rhind. He was war- 
ranted midshipman, U.S.N., Sept. 3, 1888; at- 
tended thenaval school, Philadelphia, Pa., 1844— 
45 ; was advanced to passed midshipman, July 2, 
1845, and was attached to Commodore Conner’s 
squadron during the Mexican war, participating 
in the capture of Alvarado and Tabasco. He was 
commissioned master, April 20, 1853 ; lieutenant, 
Feb. 17, 1854; commanded the £. B. Hall on the 
South Atlantic blockading squadron, and on 
April 29, 1862, captured and destroyed the bat- 
teries on the north and south Edisto; engaged 
in a shore fight at Seabrook’s plantation, when 
with his crew and a Pennsylvania company, he 
defeated a mounted force of Confederates, for 
which he received the thanks of the navy depart- 
ment; was promoted lieutenant-commander, 





[457] 


RHOADS 

~ 

July 16, 1862, and commanded the Seneca on the 
South Atlantic blockading squadron late in 1862. 
He was promoted commander, Jan. 2, 1862, and 
in Du Pont’s attack on Charleston, 8.C., April 7, 
1863, he commanded the Keokuk, which made the 
nearest approach to Fort Sumter, and was struck 
ninety times, nineteen shots piercing her armor 
at or below the water line, and several passing 
through her two turrets and disabling the forward 
gun early in the action. Rhind with difficulty 
kept the ironclad afloat till the next morning, 
when she sank at the lower anchorage. In this 
engagement Commander Rhind was wounded. 
He succeeded Capt. Charles Steedman to the 
command of the double-ender gunboat Paul 
Jones, and participated in several engagements 
with Fort Wagner and in the boat attack on Fort 
Sumter in July, 1863, being subsequently trans- 


ferred to the command of the Wabash, flagship 
ae of the South At- 

<I lantic blockad- 

ing squadron, 


He commanded 
the steam gun- 
boat Agawam on 
the North At- 
cmt Seater hoe weealantic blockad- 
eg ging squadron, 
SS Se ao on 

Fs peep mt duty in the 


James river, May to October, 1864, and actively 
engaged with the Confederate batteries at 
Deep Bottom, for which he received the thanks 
of the navy department, Sept. 7, 1864. On Dec. 
23, 1865, with a crew of volunteers, he success- 
fully performed the perilous duty of navigat- 
ing the powder-ship Louisiana under the walls 
of Fort Fisher, where it was exploded with 
the expectation of destroying the fort. He 
escaped with his crew to the Wilderness, and 
steaming to a safe distance witnessed the harm- 
less explosion, after which the naval fleet stood 
in toward the fort in close order of division, the 
ironclads leading; and after the guns were 
silenced, the Confederate garrison took refuge in 
their bombproofs. He commanded the receiving 
ship Vermont at New York, 1866-67; the naval 
rendezvous at New York in 1868; the U.S. navy 
yard, New York, 1869-70; was promoted captain, 
March 2, 1870, and commanded the Congress on 
the European station, 1872-73. He served as 
light-house inspector, 1876-79; was promoted 
commodore, Sept. 80, 1876; was president of the 
board of inspection, 1880-82; governor of the 
Naval Asylum in 1883; was promoted rear-admiral, 
Oct. 30, 1883, and retired, Oct. 31, 1883. He died 
in New York city, Nov. 8, 1897. 

RHOADS, James Evans, educator, was born 
at Marple, Delaware county, Pa., Jan. 21, 1828; 





—_— 


RHODES 


son of Joseph and Hannah (Evans) Rhoads. He 
was educated at the Westtown school, Pa. ; 
graduated in medicine at the University of Penn- 
sylvania in 1851, and for a short time had charge 
of the Philadelphia dispensary. He was resident 
physician of the Pennsylvania hospital, 1852-54, 
and conducteda general practice in Germantown, 
Philadelphia, 1854-62. 
garet W. Ely, of New Hope, Pa. After 1862 he 
devoted himself to philanthropy and was for 
many years secretary of the associated executive 
committee on Indian affairs, and for several 
years was president of the Indian Rights associa- 
tion. In 1876 he was appointed editor of the 
Friends’ Review, and served as the first president 
of Bryn Mawr college, 1883-94. He also held 
the professorship of ethics at Bryn Mawr, 1883- 
94, and was president of the board of trustees 
from 1883 until his death. He received the 
honorary degree of LL.D. from Union college in 
1899. He died at Bryn Mawr, Pa., Jan. 2, 1895. 
RHOADS, Samuel, delegate, was born in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., in 1711; son of John Rhoads, and 
grandson of John Rhoads who emigrated from 
Derbyshire, England, and settled in Philadel- 
phia. He learned the carpenter's trade and be- 
came a builder. 
council in 1741; of the provincial assembly, 1761- 
64 and 1771-74, and served as commissioner to 
the Indians at Lancaster, Pa., and in the West. 
He was a delegate to the Continental congress, 
1774-75 ; was elected mayor of Philadelphia in 
1774; was a founder and a member of the board 
of managers of the Pennsylvania hospital, 1751- 
81; a director of the Philadelphia library and an 
early member of the American Philosophical so- 
ciety. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., April 7, 1784. 
RHODES, James Ford, historian, was born in 
Cleveland, Ohio, May 1, 1848; son of Daniel 
Pomeroy and Sophia (Lord) Rhodes. He attended 
the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio; was a 
special student at the University of the City of 
New York, 1865-66, and attended the University 
of Chicago, 1866-67. In 1867-68 he studied in 
Paris and Berlin, and later made a tour of in- 


spection of the iron and steel works of Germany 
Upon his return to Cleveland — 


and Great Britain. 
in 1868, he engaged in the coaland iron industry. 
He was married, Jan. 4, 1872, to Ann, daughter 


In 1860 he married Mar- | 


He was a member of the city — 


of Jonathan F. and Maria Card of Cleveland. — 


He devoted his leisure time to historical research, 
and in 1885 retired from business and engaged 
entirely in literary pursuits. He was elected a 
member of the Massachusetts Historical society 
and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 
and president of the American Historical asso- 
ciation in 1899. The honorary degree of LL.D. 
was conferred on him by Adelbert college, West- 
ern Reserve university in 1893, and by Harvard 


[458] 


< 


4 *s 




































RICAUD 


and Yale in 1901. His History of the United 
States from the Compromise of 1850 (4 vols., 1850- 
4) was awarded the Loubat prize of 3000 marks 
for American history by the Berlin Academy of 
Science in 1901 and new edition was issued in 1900. 
-RICAUD, James Barroll, jurist, was born in 
Be timore, Md., Feb. 11, 1808. He attended St. 
Mary’s college, Baltimore, Md., was admitted to 
the bar, and established himseif in practice at 
Chestertown, Md. He was a representative in 
the state legislature in 1834-36; state senator, 
1836-44 ; presidential elector on the Harrison and 
Tyler ticket in 1836, and on the Clay and Freling- 
ysen ticket in 1844, and a Native American 
representative from Maryland in the 34th and 
35th congresses, 1855-59. He was re-elected to 
e state senate in 1860, but resigned in 1864 on 
being appointed judge of the circuit court. He 
died at Chestertown, Md., Jan. 24, 1866. 
_ RICE, Alexander Hamilton, governor of Mas- 
achusetts, was born in Newton Lower Falls, 
fass., Aug. 30, 1818; son of Thomas and Lydia 
(Smith) Rice. His father was a paper manufac- 
turer at Newton Lower Falls. He attended the 
public schools of 
Newton ; was gradu- 
ated from Union col- 
lege, Schenectady, 
Dee Ay Buy ).1844, 
A.M.. 1847, and began 
business in Boston, 
Mass., with Wilkins, 
Carter and Company, 
as a paper dealer and 
manufacturer, which 
business developed 
into the Rice, Kendali 
Company. He was a 
member of the Bos- 
ton school commit- 
tee; a member of 
ne board of public institutions, and a mem- 
and president of the common council of Bos- 
. He was the first Republican mayor of the 
- Boston, 1856-57, and during his admin- 
the territory known as the Back Bay 
was developed, the City Hospital was 
and the Public Library building was 
and dedicated. He was president of the 
board of trade for several years, and was 
blican representative in the 36th-39th con- 


on naval affairs, 1863-65. He was a dele- 
the Philadelphia Loyalists’ convention of 
nd to the Republican national convention 
He was governor of the commonwealth 
achusetts, 1876-78, inclusive. He was 
arried ; first, in 1844, to Augusta E., 
f Judge McKim of the Suffolk county 


a well-known scholar 


RICE 


probate court, and secondly, to Angie Erickson 
Powell of Rochester, N.Y. He was a member 
of the American Archeological society ; a fellow 
of the American Geographical society of New 
York ; a member of the American Historial asso- 
ciation ; a trustee of the Massachusetts Institute 
of Technology, of the Boston Museum of Fine 
Arts, of the Episcopal Theological school, Cam- 
bridge, and honorary chancellor of Union univer- 
sity, 1881. The honorary degree of LL.D. was 
conferred on him by Harvard in 1876. He died 
in Melrose, Mass., July 22, 1895. 

RICE, Charles Allen Thorndike, journalist 
and reformer, was born in Boston, Mass., June 
18, 1851. He studied in Germany under the 
supervision of his stepfather, Professor Koppler, 
of Darmstadt, and was 
graduated from the University of Oxford, A.B., 
A.M. Returning to the United States, he studied 
law at Columbia Law school, New York city. 
In 1876, having inherited a large fortune, he pur- 
chased the North American Review and became 
its editor, making the magazine non-partisan, 
securing able contributions from authorities on 
both sides of every political, religious, or social 
question, and soon building up a large circula- 
tion. He organized and managed an éxpedition 
to Central America for the purpose of unearthing 
the buried antiquities of that country, which 
work was begun by John L. Stephens (q.v.), and 
carried on by Ephraim Squires. He enlisted the 
assistance of Pierce Lorillard, who furnished 
funds for the enterprise, and after securing the 
co-operation of the French government, he sent 
out, under the lead of M. Charnay, the expedi- 
tion, which was very successful. For his manage- 
ment of the enterprise, Mr. Rice was made an 
officer of the Legion of Honor of France. In 
1884 he founded Le Matin, conducted it on the 
American plan and made it one of the leading 
morning journals of Paris. He was the unsuc- 
cessful Republican candidate for representative 
from New York city in the 50th congress in 1886, 
and his defeat caused him to draft a ballot reform 
bill. He was the first to recommend the Austra- 
lian system of voting in the United States ; de- 
clined the Republican nomination for mayor of 
New York city in 1888, and in 1889 was ap- 
pointed by President Harrison, U.S. minister to 
Russia, but died before sailing for St. Petersburg. 
He wrote the introduction to the American edi- 
tion of Charnay’s “ Account of the Discoveries in 
Central America”; edited Reminiscences of Abra- 
ham Lincoln (1886), and contributed to ‘* Ancient 
Cities of the New World” (1887). He died in New 
York city, May 16, 1889. 

RICE, David, clergyman, was born in Hanover 
county, Va.. Dec. 29, 1733. He was graduated 
from the College of New Jersey in 1761; studied 


[459] 


RICE 


theology and was pastor of the Presbyterian 
church at Hanover, Va., 1763-68, and pastor of 
congregations in Bedford county, Va., 1768-83. 
He removed to Kentucky in October, 1783, and 
organized the first religious congregation in Mer- 
cer county, Ky., and the first school. He organ- 
ized and was chairman of the conference held 
in 1785 for the purpose of instituting a regular 
organization of the Presbyterian church in the 
new territory ; was founder of Transylvania 
academy, and a member of the state constitu- 
tional convention in 1792. He was married to 
Mary, daughter of the Rev. Samuel Blair. He is 
the author of: Essay on Baptism (1789) ; Lecture 
on Divine Decrees (1791) ; Slavery Inconsistent 
with Justice and Policy (1792); An Epistle to 
the Citizens of Kentucky Professing Christianity 
(1805) ; A Second Epistle (1808), and A Kentucky 
Protest Against Slavery (1812). He died in Green 
county, Ky., June 18, 1816. 

RICE, Edwin Wilbur, editor, was born in 
Kingsborough, N.Y., July 24, 1831; son of Eben- 
ezer and Eliza Ann (Port) .Rice; grandson of 
Ebenezer and Martha (Throop) Rice, and a de- 
scendant of the Rices (Royces) of Massachusetts 
Bay colony. He was graduated at Union college, 
A.B., 1854, A.M., 1857; studied law, 1854-55, and 
attended Union Theological seminary in New 
York city, 1855-57. He was a student missionary 
of the American Sunday-school union, 1853, and 
subsequently of the American Tract society ; 
taught school in Brooklyn, N.Y., 1857-58, mean- 
while declining the superintendency of colport- 
age for the upper Mississippi valley ; was a 
Sunday-school missionary at La Crosse, Wis., 
1859-60 ; ordained by the Presbyterian and Con- 
gregational convention of Wisconsin, Sept. 5, 
1860, and was engaged in Sunday-school mission 
work in St. Louis, Mo., and La Crosse, Wis., 1861- 
64, and as superintendent of the American Sun- 
day-school union at Milwaukee, Wis., 1864-70. 
He was assistant secretary of missions and assis- 
tant editor of the periodicals of the American 
Sunday School union at Philadelphia, Pa., 1871- 
77; editor of its periodicals, 1877-79, and of all 
its periodicals and publications from 1879, and 
chairman of its executive committee from 1880, 
in which capacity he accomplished the lquida- 
tion of the society’s debt, amounting to about 
$250,000. He was married; Jan. 23, 1861, to 
Margaret E., daughter of Richard and Eliza 
(Williams) Williams of Potter, N.Y. ; and sec- 
ondly, Aug. 18, 1868, to Mary, daughter of the 
Rey. Alfred and Hannah Judd (Belden) Gardner 
of New Britain, Conn. He received the honorary 
degree of D.D. from Union college in 1884, and 
on May 25, 1899, at the seventy-fifth anniversary 
of the American Sunday-school union, was pre- 
sented with a silver loving cup in recognition of 


[460] 


RICE 


his forty years of service. He edited the Sunday 
School World and the Youths’ World from 1871: 
a series of lesson papers from 1872; prepared the 
Scholar’s Handbooks on the International Lessons 
(1878-89) ; edited the Union Companion and 
Quarterly from 1875, Kennedy’s ‘* Four Gospels” 
(1881), and Paxton Hood’s ‘‘ Great Revival of the 
Eighteenth Century ” (1882). He is the author of 
geographical and topographical articles in Philip 
Schaff’s ‘‘ Bible Dictionary ” (1880); Pictorial 
Commentaries on Mark (1881); Historical Sketch 
of Sunday Schools (1886); People’s Commentary on 
Matthew (1887; rev. ed., 1897) ; People’s Lesson 
Book on Matthew (1888); Stories of Great Painters 
(1888) ; People’s Commentary on Luke (1889) ; 
People’s Commentary on John (1891); Our Siaty- 
six Sacred Books (1891); People’s Dictionary of 
the Bible (1893) ; People’s Commentary on Acts 
(1896); Handy Helps for Busy Workers (1899); 
The Heavenly City (1899); History of Interna- 
tional Lessons for Thirty-three Years (1902), 
and a History of the American Sunday School 
Union. 

RICE, Elliott Warren, soldier, was born in 
Pittsburg, Pa., Nov. 16, 1835. His parents re- 
moved to Martinsville, Ohio, and he attended the 
Ohio university; was admitted to the bar in 
1856, and practised in Oskaloosa, Iowa, where: 
his brother, Samuel Allen Rice (q.v.), had located. 
He enlisted in the 7th Iowa volunteers, Col. J. G. 
Lauman, as a private in 1861, participating in the 
battle of Belmont, Mo., Nov. 7, and was rapidly 
promoted through the various ranks to colonel, 
taking part at Shiloh, Corinth, Oct. 8-4, 1862, and 
in all the important battles of the southwest, 
commanding his regiment in the 1st brigade, 2d 
division, Army of West Tennessee. He was — 
promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, June 20, 
1864, commanded the 1st brigade and for a time 
the 2d division, 16th Army corps, in the Atlanta 
campaign, and the Ist brigade, Corse’s 4th divi- 
sion, Logan’s 15th corps, in Sherman’s march 
through Georgia and the Carolinas. He was. 
brevetted major-general of volunteers, March 13, 
1865, was mustered out of the service, Aug. 24, 
1865, and resumed the practice of law in Oska- 
loosa, subsequently removing to Sioux City, 
Iowa, where he died, June 22, 1887. 

RICE, Harvey, educationist, was born in Con-— 
way, Mass., June 11, 1800. His father was a 
farmer, and in 1817 the son left the farm with — 
his parents’ permission and devoted his earnings’ 
to the preparation for college. He was graduated 
from Williams college in 1824, and removed to — 
Cleveland, Ohio, where he re-opened St. Clair 
academy as a classical school. He was admitted 
to the bar in 1826, and practised law in Cleve- 
land, 1826-28, as a partner with his preceptor, 
Reuben Wood. In 1828 he purchased the Jnde- 










































RICE 


ont News Letter, changed the name to the 
Cleveland Plain Dealer, and edited the paper, 
(1828-29. He was a Democratic representative 
from Cuyahoga county in the state legislature, 
1830-31; agent at Millersburg for the sale of 
Western Reserve school lands in the Virginia 
military district, completing in three years (1833- 
36) the sale of 50,000 
‘acres, and paying 
nearly $150,000 to the 
state treasury, as a 
school fund for the 
exclusive benefit of 
the children of the 
Western Reserve. He 
was clerk of the court 
. of common pleas at 
~ Cleveland, and of the 
supreme court, 1833- 
40; the unsuccessful 
candidate for the 25th 
and 26th congresses, 
1836 and 1838; state 
senator, 1852-54, and 
introduced the bill for a new system for the public 
‘sc hools of Ohio, and the establishment of school 
libraries. He was a member of the city council in 
1857, serving as chairman of the committee that 
established the Cleveland Industrial school, and 
the same year projected the Perry monument for 
the public park. In 1862 he was a commissioner 
to conduct the first draft made in the country. 
In 1867 he erected, at his own expense, a monu- 
ent at Mission park, Williamstown, Mass., com- 
morative of the origination by Samuel J. Mills 
806 of the American Board of Foreign Mis- 
s;and on July 22, 1898, the citizens of Cleve- 
land unveiled a bronze statue to the memory of Dr. 
ce as the ‘‘ Father of the Ohio School System.” 
onorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on 
by Williams college in 1871. He was _presi- 
t of the Early Settlers’ association of Cuya- 
county at the time of his death. He is the 
of: Mount Vernon and Other Poems 
Nature and Culture (1875); Pioneers of 
Western Reserve (1882); Select Poems (1885), 
ind Sketches of Western Life (1888). He died in 
nd, Ohio, Nov. 7, 1891. 


pene 


ma (Willard) Hastings, and a descendant of 
und Rice, born in Berkhampstead, Hertford- 
England, 1594, settled at Sudbury, Mass., 
d died at Marlboro, 1663. Henry M. Rice 
[to Michigan in 1835, and was employed 
survey of the Kalamazoo and Grand rivers, 


of the Sault Sainte Marie canal in 1837. In 


[461] 


RICE 


1839 he went to Fort Snelling, Iowa Territory, 
and was employed as post-sutler at Fort Atkin- 
son, 1840-42. He became ageut among the Win- 
nebago Indians for P, Chouteau, Jr., & Company, 
of St. Louis, in 1843, and besides establishing trad- 
ing posts from Lake Superior to the Red River of 


the North, procured the removal of the Chippewas 


from Lake Superior to the Mississippi. He re- 
moved to Upper Town, Minn.. and continued fur- 
trading. He married, March 29, 1849, Matilda, 
daughter of Gilbert and Rachel (Newbold) Whitall, 
of Richmond, Va. He succeeded Henry H. Sibley 
as a delegate in the 33d congress in 1853, and was 
re-elected in 1854 to the 34th congress, serving from 
Dec. 5, 1853, to March 8, 1857. During his first 
term he secured the passage of an act authoriz- 
ing the people of Minnesota to form a state con- 
stitution. He was elected with James Shields, 
the first U.S. senator from the state of Minnesota, 
and drew the long term, serving from May 12, 
1858, to March 3, 1863. During his senatorial 
term he secured to the state an extensive grant 
of lands which formed the basis of the railroad 
system of Minnesota. He was treasurer of Ram- 
say county in 1878; was the founder of Bayfield, 
Wis., and of Munising, Mich., and presented a 
tract of land (Rice Park) to the city of St. Paul. 
He died in San Antonio, Texas, Jan. 15, 1894. 

RICE, James Clay, soldier, was born in Worth- 
ington, Mass., Dec. 27, 1829. He was graduated 
at Yale, A.B., 1854, A.M., 1857; engaged in teach- 
ing in Natchez, Miss., 1854-55; was admitted to 
the Mississippi bar in 1855; prepared for admis- 
sion to the New York bar in the office of Thomas 
Sedgwick in New York city in 1856, and in which 
city he practised, 1857-61. He enlisted as a private 
in the 39th New York volunteers (Garibaldi 
Guards) and was promoted lieutenant and captain, 
serving in the reserve division in the first battle 
of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, On the organization 
of the 44th New York volunteers he became its 
lieutenant-colonel, and subsequently colonel. In 
the seven days’ battles before Richmond, under 
McClellan, in the second battle of Bull Run, 
Aug. 16-Sept. 2, 1862, and at Chancellorsville, he 
commanded his regiment in the 3d brigade, Ist 
division, 5th Army corps. He succeeded Col. 
Strong Vincent to the command of 3d_ brigade, 
Ist division, 5th Army corps, at Gettysburg, 
where on the second day he performed an im- 
portant service, by holding the extreme left of 
the line against repeated attacks in the defence of 
Round Top against a flank movement. For his 
services at the battle of Gettysburg he was pro- 
moted brigadier-general of volunteers, Aug. 17, 
1863. He served in the advance on Mine Run in 
November, 1863, and in the Wilderness campaign, 
May, 1864. He was killed in Warren’s assault at 
Spottsylvania, Va., May 11, 1864. 


RICE 


RICE, John Holt, clergyman, was born at 
New London, Bedford county, Va., Nov. 28, 
1777 ; son of Benjamin and Catharine (Holt) 
Rice ; grandson of the Rev. David (College of 
New Jersey, 1761) and Mary (Blair) Rice, and a 
descendant of Thomas Rice, who emigrated from 
England and settled in Virginia at an early period. 
He received his early education under Parson 
Holt and the Rev. James Mitchel; attended 
Liberty Hall academy, Lexington, Va. ; engaged 
in teaching a private school; was a tutor in 
Hampden-Sidney college, Va., 1796-99 and 1800- 
04; studied medicine one year; prepared for the 
ministry under the Rev. Archibald Alexander, 
and was licensed to preach by the presbytery of 
Hanover, Sept. 12, 1808. He was pastor at Cub 
Creek, Charlotte county, Va., 1804-12; of the 
first separate Presbyterian church, Richmond, 
Va., 1812-23; began the publication of The 
Christian Monitor in 1815; edited the Virginia 
Evangelical and Literary Magazine, 1818-29 ; de- 
clined the presidency of the College of New 
Jersey in 1822, and was professor in the Union 
Theological seminary at Hampden-Sidney col- 
lege, 1824-31. He was a member of the Virginia 
Bible society and a founder of the American Bible 
society in 1816; attended the general assemblies 
of the Presbyterian church in 1816, 1819, 1820, 
1822 and 1827, serving as moderator in 1819, and 
visited the northern states in the interests of the 
seminary and on lecturing tours. He was mar- 
ried, July 9, 1802, to Anne Smith, daughter of 
Major Morton of Virginia. He received the 
honorary degree of D.D. from the College of 
New Jersey in 1819, and is the author of : Memoir 
of the Rev. James B. Taylor (1830) ; Historical 
and Philosophical Considerations on Religion 
addressed to James Madison (1832), and of nu- 
merous sermons and essays. William Maxwell 
published his memoir in 1835. He died in Hamp- 
den-Sidney, Va., Sept. 3, 1831. 

RICE, John Hovey, representative, was born 
at Mount Vernon, Maine, Feb. 5, 1816; son of 
Nathaniel and Jane (Swasey) Rice. He received 
a common school education, and in 1832 was 
clerk in the registry of deeds at Augusta, Maine, 
where he subsequently engaged in mercantile 
business and studied law. He served as aide-de- 
camp to General Bachelor in the ‘* Aroostook 
war” in 1838, growing out of the northeastern 
boundary dispute with Great Britain, and was 
deputy-sheriff of Kennebec county in 1840. He 
removed to Piscataquis county, Maine, in 1843, 
where he became interested in the mercantile 
and lumbering business. He was married in 
1847 to Grace Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Gilman 
Moody and Dorah (Crosby) Burleigh of Dexter, 
Maine; she died in December, 1898, leaving three 
children. He was admitted to the bar in 1848, 


RICE 


and began practice, and was county attorney, 
1852-60. He was a delegate to the first Republi- 
can national convention at Philadelphia, Pa., 
June 17, 1856; a Republican representative from 
the fourth Maine district in the 387th, 88th and 
39th congresses, 1861-67, declining nomination to 
the 40th congress, and customs collector, by 
appointment of President Johnson, at the port 
of Bangor, Maine, 1867-71. He resumed the 
practice of law in Washington, D.C., with Ed- 
ward Jordan, 1872-84, and in the latter year 
removed to New York city, where he was en- 
gaged in incorporation and law business, until 
he retired in 1899, and then took residence in 
Chicago, Il]., where he was still living in 1903. 
RICE, Luther, educationist, was born in 
Northborough, Mass., March 25, 1783; son of 
Amos and Sarah (Graves) Rice ; grandson of 
Jacob and Hannah (Howe) Rice, and a descend- 
ant of Deacon Edmund Rice and of Edward, his 
son, who settled in Sudbury, 1638, and incorpor- 
ated Marlborough, 1656, having been born in 
Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire. His parents were 
members of the Congregational church. He spent 


six months in 1799 in Georgia, purchasing timber — 


for shipbuilding ; worked on his father’s farm; 
prepared for college at Leicester academy, 1804- 
07, and was graduated from Williams college, 
Mass., A.B., 1810, A.M., 1818, and from Andover 
Theological seminary in 1812. While in college, 
with Mills and Richards, he became interested in 
foreign missions, and while at the seminary he 
joined Judson, Nott, Mills, Newell and Richards 
in the preparation of a memorial to the General 


Association of Evangelical Ministers in Massa- _ 


chusetts, which resulted in the formation of the — 
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign 
Missions, and of kindred organizations in other 
churches. He was ordained, Feb. 6, 1812, at” 
Salem, Mass. ; served as foreign missionary to- 
India, 1812-18, and with Mr. and Mrs. Adoniram 
Judson, his companions, he embraced the Baptist 

faith, and was baptized in Calcutta, Noy. 1, 1812. 


Returning to Boston in 1813, he was dismissed — 


by the A.B.C. for F.M., and became agent to the 
Baptist Missionary convention, 1813-26, traveling 
over the United States in the cause of foreign ~ 
missions. In 1817 he conceived the idea of 
founding a college in the city of Washington, 
D.C., for the education of ‘* gospel ministers” 
for the Baptist church, and in connection wit 7 
the school of theology, he projected schools of 
classical culture, science, philosophy and law. 
In 1819, in company with Obadiah B. Brown, 
Spencer H. Cone and Enoch Reynolds, he formed 
a literary association for the purpose of buying 
464 acres of land immediately adjoining the city 
of Washington, for which they paid $7,000. The 
construction of Columbian college building was 


{462] 








RICE 


, 


















































commenced in 1820, a charter was procured from 
congress, Feb. 9, 1821, and the building was com- 
pleted in 1822. Mr. Rice was a member of the 
organized board of corporators ; treasurer of the 
college, 1821-26, and a member of the board of 
trustees, 1821-27. He declined the presidency of 
Transylvania university, Lexington. Ky., and a 
‘similar call to Georgetown college, Ky. The 
degree A.M. was given him by Brown university 
in 1814. He was unmarried. He died at the 
house of his friend, Dr. Mays, while on a collect- 
ing tour through the South, and a marble slab 
marks his grave in Point Pleasant churchyard, 
Edgefield district, S.C. He died, Sept. 25, 1836. 

RICE, Nathan Lewis, clergyman, was born in 
Garrard county, Ky, Dec. 29, 1807 ; son of Gabriel 
and Phebe (Garrett) Rice. He worked on his 
father’s farm ; taught school to prepare for col- 
lege ; matriculated at Centre college, Ky., 1825, 
but did not graduate ; taught Latin in the pre- 
paratory department of Centre college, 1825-27, 
and was licensed to preach in 1828 by the Tran- 
sylvania presbytery. He was a student in the 
inceton Theological seminary, 1829-31; was 
ordained by the presbytery of Louisville, Ky., 
June 8, 1833, and was pastor at Bardstown, Ky., 
and principal of a seminary for girls, 1833-41, at 
the same time editing the Western Protestait. 
He was stated supply at Woodford and Paris, Ky., 
1841-44 ; pastor of the Central church, Cincinnati, 
Ohio, and professor in the Theological seminary, 
1845-53 ; pastor of the Second church, St. Louis, 


esbyterian and serving as moderator of the gen- 
ul assembly held at Nashville in 1855. He was 
stor of the North church, Chicago, Ill., 1858-61, 
d professor of didactic theology at the Chicago 
eological seminary, 1859-61 ; pastor of the Fifth 
nue church, New York city, 1861-67; retired 
farm near New Brunswick, N.J., 1867-68 ; 
president of Westminster college, Fulton, 
0., 1869-74, and professor of didactic and polem- 
» theology at the Danville Theological semin- 
ry, Ky., 1874-77. He received the honorary 
gree of D.D. from Jefferson college in 1844. 
the author of : Baptism: Universal Salva- 
1845); Slavery (1845); Romanism the Enemy 
Institutions and of Christianity (1851); 
igus of the Times (1855); Baptism: The 
1, Mode and Subjects (1855); Our Country 
the Chureh (1861); Preach the Word: a 
rse (1862); The Pulpit, its Relation to Our 
wal Crisis (1862), and Discourses (1862). 
din Chatham, Ky., June 11, 1877. 

» Samuel Allen, soldier, was born in 
an, N.Y., Jan. 27, 1828. His parents re- 
first to Pittsburg, Pa., and thence to 
e, Ohio. He was a student in the Ohio 


1853-58, meantime editing the St. Louis - 


RICE 


York, in 1849. He was admitted to the bar in 
1852, and settled in practice at Oskaloosa, Iowa, 
becoming attorney for Mahaska county in 1853, 
He was attorney-general of Iowa for two terms, 
1856-60, and entered the Federal army as colonel 
of the 33d Iowa volunteers, Aug. 10, 1862. He 
was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, 
Aug. 4, 1863, for bravery at Helena, Ark., and 
served in the department of Arkansas in com- 
mand of the ist brigade, 8d division, army of 
Gen. Frederick Steele, during the campaigns of 
1863-64, until wounded at Jenkins’s Ferry, Ark., 
April 80, 1864, He died at Oskaloosa, July 6, 1864. 

RICE, Samuel Farrow, jurist, was born in 
Union district, §8.C., June 2, 1816 ; son of Judge 
William and (Herndon) Rice. He was grad- 
uated at South Corolina college, studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1838, settling in the 
same year in Talladega, Ala., where he purchased 
and edited (1838-44) a newspaper. He repre- 
sented Talladega in the legislature, 1840 and 1841, 
and was made state printer in 1841. He was 
unsuccessful candidate for representative in the 
29th congress in 1844 and for the 80th congress 
in 1846, was an elector on the Taylor and Fillmore 
ticket in 1849 and was an unsuccessful candidate 
for representative in the 51st congress in 1850. 
In 1852 he removed to Montgomery, Ala.; was 
associate justice of the supreme court, 1854-55 
and chief-justice, 1855-58. He was a representa- 
tive in the state legislature in 1859, and a state 
senator, 1861-65. He was married to the daughter 
of Maj. P. E. Pearson. He died in Montgomery, 
Ala., Jan. 3, 1890. 

RICE, Wallace (de Groot Cecil), author, 
editor and critic, was born in Hamilton, Canada, 
Noy. 10, 1859; son of John Asaph and Margaret 
Van Slycke (Culver) Rice; grandson of Anson 
and Lucy (Sherman) Rice, and of Lewis Halsey 





‘and Ann Eliza (Sebring) Culver; great-grand- 


nephew of the Rev. Luther Rice (q.v.); great- 
grandson of Isaac Sherman, Marlborough (Mass.) 
Minute Men; great-?-grandson of Amos Rice, 
captain in the 6th Worcester County (Mass. ) 
volunteers; of Thomas Sebring, captain in the 
New Jersey line, and of Abraham Wood, clerk 
of the Northborough (Mass.) Minute Men, of the 
Revolutionary armies; and a descendant of 
Deacon Edmund Rice and Tamazin, his wife. who 
came from Berkhampstead, Herts, in 1638, and 
settled in Sudbury, Mass., to become one of the 
first settlers of Marlborough, Mass., in 1656. His 
parents were Americans temporarily residing in 
Canada at the time of his birth, removing with 
him to Chicago, Il., in 1861. He attended the 
grammar school of Racine college, and entered 
Harvard with the class of 18838, but was not 
graduated. He was admitted to the Chicago bar 
in November, 1884, and began practice. He 


[463] 


RICE 


married, Aug. 8, 1889, Minna Hale Angier of 
Chicago. In February, 1890, he entered upon 
newspaper work, and later became a member of 
the (literary) critical staff of the principal 
Chicago periodicals; literary adviser to A. K. 
McClurg & Co., and to the Fleming H. Revell 
company of Chicago, and lecturer on contem- 
poraneous verse. He is the author of: Under 
the Stars, and Other Songs of the Sea (with Bar- 
rett Eastman, 1898); Heroic Deeds (1898); Flying 
Sands (1898); Ballads of Valor and Victory 
(with Clinton Scollard, 1901), and Animals (1901). 
He is the editor of : Poems of Francis Brooks, 
with Prefatory Memoir (1898); Poems of Rudyard 
Kipling, with Introductory Essay (1899); The 
Basia of Joannes Secundus, with Appreciation 
(1901); The Younger Poets of the Old World 
(1902), and The Younger Poets of the New World 
(1902). He wrote and read the Memorial Ode for 
the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of 
Racine college, which was celebrated, June 10, 
1902, at Racine, Wis. 

RICE, William North, educator, was born in 
Marblehead, Mass., Nov. 21, 1845; son of William 
and Caroline Laura (North) Rice, and grandson 
of William and Jerusha (Warriner) Rice, and of 
William and Laura (Hyde) North. He was 
graduated from Wesleyan university, Middle- 
town, Conn., A.B., 1865, and from the Sheffield 
Scientific school, Yale university, Ph.D., 1867. 
He was professor of geology and natural history 
at Wesleyan university, 1867-84; traveled abroad 
and studied at the University of Berlin, 1867-68 ; 
was librarian of Wesleyan, 1868-69, and appoint- 
ed professor of geology in 1884. He joined the 
New York East conference of the Methodist 
Episcopal church in 1869; was assistant to the 
U.S. fish commission at Portland, Maine, and 
at Noank, Conn., 1873-74; engaged in geological 
and zodlogical investigation in Bermuda, 1876- 
77, and was assistant geologist of the U.S. Geo- 
logical survey, 1891-92. He was married, April 
12, 1870, to Elizabeth Wing, daughter of Loranus 
and Elizabeth Ann (Fuller) Crowell of Lynn, 
Mass. He was elected a member of the Con- 
necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences; a fellow 
of the American Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science, and of the Geological Society 
of America; was one of the original members of 
the American Society of Naturalists, and in 1891 
was its president. The honorary degree of LL.D. 
was conferred on him by Syracuse university in 
1886. He was associate editor of the Alumni 
Record of Wesleyan University, Middletown, 
Conn. (1873) ; editor of Dana’s ‘* Revised Text 
Book of Geology” (1897) ; and is the author of: 
Geology of Bermuda (1884) ; Science Teaching in 
the Schools (1889, 2d ed., 1894); Twenty-five Years 
of Scientific Progress and other Essays (1894), 


RICH 


and many articles on geological, biological, edu- 
cational and religious subjects in scientific and 
religious periodicals. 

RICE, William Whitney, representative, was 
born at Deerfield, Mass., March 7, 1826; son of 
Benjamin and Lucy (Whitney) Rice; grandson 
of Caleb and Sally (Abbott) Rice and of Phine- 
has and Bethiah (Barrett) Whitney, and a 
descendant of John Whitney, who came to 
America from’ England in 1635, and settled in 
Watertown, Mass., and of Edmund Rice, 1638, 
who settled in Sudbury, Mass. He was educated 
at Gorham academy, Maine, and graduated from 
Bowdoin college in 1846. He was preceptor at 
the Leicester academy, Mass., 1847-51 ; studied 
law in Worcester, Mass., with Emory Washburn 
and George F. Hoar ; was admitted to the bar in 
1854, and began practice in Worcester. He was 
judge of insolvency for the county of Worcester 
in 1858; mayor of the city in 1860; district-at- 
torney for the middle district of Massachusetts, 
1869-74, and a member of the state legislature in 
1875. He was elected a Republican representa- 
tive from Massachusetts to the 45th congress, as 
successor to George F. Hoar, and re-elected to 
the 46th-49th congresses, serving, 1877-87. He 
then resumed the practice of law in Worcester, 
Mass. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. 
from Bowdoin college in 1886. He was married, 
Nov. 21, 1855, to Cornelia A. Moen, daughter of 
Augustus R. and Sophie A. Moen. She died in 
Worcester, Mass., June 16, 1862. He was married 
secondly, Sept. 28, 1875, to Alice Miller, daughter 
of Henry W. and Nancy (Merrick) Miller of Wor- 
cester, Mass. She died in Washington, D.C., in~ 
March, 1900, at the home of her sister, Mrs. 
George F. Hoar. William Whitney Rice died in 
Worcester, Mass., March 1, 1896. 

RICH, Charles, representative, was born in 
Warwick, Mass., Sept. 18, 1771; son of Thomas 
Rich, who removed to Shoreham, Vt., with his— 
family, and erected saw and grist mills and 
cleared a farm. Charles enjoyed few school ad- 
vantages, but was a studious reader of all the 
books procurable in his neighborhood. He was 
married in 1791 to a daughter of Nicholas Wells. 
He was a Democratic representative from Shore-— 
ham in the Vermont legislature for eleven con- 
secutive terms; county judge six years, and a 
representative in the 13th congress, 1813-15, and 
in the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th congresses, 1817= 
24. Upon his death in 1824, Henry Olin: (q.v.)_ 
completed his term in the 18th congress. He 
died in Shoreham, Vt., Oct. 15, 1824. 

RICH, Isaac, philanthropist, was born at Well- 
fleet, Mass., Oct. 24, 1801; son of Robert and 
Eunice (Harding) Rich, and grandson of Reuben 
and Hannah (Gross) Rich. Though born in hum- 
ble circumstances he was of a distinguished 


[464] 7 


rv ’ 











RICH 










































family, Richard, the first of his American ances- 
tors, having been a man of rank who married the 
daughter of Thomas Roberts, governor of New 
Hampshire. Richard’s son John, brother-in-law 
_of Robert Treat Paine, signer of the Declaration 
of Independence, married Mary Treat, grand- 
daughter of Robert Treat, for thirty years gov- 
ernor of Connecticut. Isaac Rich was the oldest 
_of eleven children, and began life as a fisher boy. 
Before attaining his majority he established him- 
self in Boston, where a kinswoman had married 
the Hon. Lemuel Shaw, chief justice of the com- 
monwealth. Hehimself married Sarah Andrews, 
of Boston. Though starting without capital, by 
remarkable personal powers, diligence in busi- 
ness and fidelity to moral and religious principles, 
hei in later years came to be recognized even by 
the federal government as standing at the head 
ot all mercantile houses in his line in the United 
States. Under the influence of Dr. Wilbur Fisk, 
he became the most generous patron of liberal 
education that New England up to that time had 
known. To the academy at Wilbraham and to 
¥v Vesleyan university and to the Boston Theologi- 
seminary, he gave at least $400.000. Then he 
executed a will which bequeathed to Boston uni- 
versity, of which he was a chief founder, a larger 
‘sum than at that time had ever been bequeathed 
or given by any American for the promotion of 
university education. He was a trustee of Wes- 
leyan university, 1849-72, and in 1868 erected its 
library building at a cost of $40,000, besides con- 
tributing to the endowment fund more than 
{ $100,000. He was a trustee and benefactor of 
Wesleyan academy at Wilbraham, 1853-72, and 
of the Boston Theological seminary from its be- 
2 ri ning in 1866 to 1871. He was the first charter 
mber of the corporation of Boston university, 
d first president of its board of trustees. To it 
gave generous sums at the outset, and at his 
h the residue of his estate, officially estimated 
1,700,000. Rich Hall, one of the principal 
ildings of the university, was named in his 
or. He died in Boston, Jan. 13, 1872. 

H, John T., governor of Michigan, ‘was 
n Conneautville, Pa., April 23, 1841; son of 
Williams and Jerusha (Treadway) Rich ; 
grandson of John and Esther 
(Williams) Rich and _= of 
\ Joseph and Elizabeth 
\\ (Wright) Treadway, all of 
Shoreham, Addison county, 
Vt. His ancestors came from 
Massachusetts to Vermont, 
and are understood to have 
English descent on both sides. His par- 


peer county, where he was educated in 
blic schools, and subsequently became a 


RICHARDS 


farmer and lumber merchant. He was married, 
March 12, 1863, to Lucretia M. daughter of 
Samuel and Nancy (Lason) Winship of Atlas, 
Genesee county, Mich., and had no children. 
He was a member and chairman of the board 
of supervisors of Lapeer county, 1868-71; a Re- 
publican representative in the state legislature, 
1875-80 ; speaker of the house, 1877 and 1 879, and 
state senator, 1881-82. He resigned from the 
senate, March 21, 1881, having been elected at 
a special election on March 11, a representative 
from the seventh district of Michigan to the 47th 
congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resig- 
nation of Omar D. Conger, serving, 1881-83. He 
was defeated for re-election in 1882; was com- 
missioner of railroads of Michigan, 1887-91; gov- 
ernor of Michigan, 1893-96; U.S. collector of 
customs at the port of Detroit, 1898, and held 
various positions of minor importance. 
RICHARDS, Cornelia Holroyd eoriae 
author, was born in Hudson, N.Y., Nov. 1, 1822; 
daughter of George and Sarah (Brown) Ss 
and a sister of Alice Bradley Haven (q.v.). She 
was graduated at the Hampton Literary institute 


in 1841; wrote under the pen name of Mrs. Man- 
ners; was married, Sept. 21, 1841, to the Rev, 


William Carey Richards (q.v.), and is the author 
of: At Home and Abroad, or How to Behave 
(1853); Pleasure and Profit, or Lessons on the 
Lord's Prayer (1853) ; Aspiration, an Autobio- 
graphy (1856) ; Sedgemoor, or Home Lessons (1857); 
Hester and I, or Beware of Worldliness (1860); 
Springs of Adion (1863); and Cousin Alice, a 
memoir of her sister, Alice B. Haven (1871), 
She died in Detroit, Mich., May 1, 1892. 
RICHARDS, DeForest, governor of Wyo- 
ming, was born in Charlestown, N.H., Aug. 6, 
1846 ; son of the Rev. Jonas DeForest Richards 
(q.v.) and Harriet Bartlett (Jarvis) Richards, 
and a descendant of the Richards family, who 
landed at Cape Cod in 1630, and of the Jarvis 
family, who settled in Massachusetts Bay colony 
about 1640. He was graduated from Kimball 
Union academy, Meriden, N.H., 1863; 
student at Phillips Andover academy, 1863-64, 
and removed to Camden, Wilcox county, Ala., 
where his father purchased a cotton plantation 
and with his son engaged in planting and mer- 
chandising. He was elected a representative in 
the state legislature under the reconstruction 
measures, August, 1867; was sheriff of Wilcox 
county, 1868-71; county treasurer, 1872-76, and 
engaged in the tanning business and in manu- 
facturing shoes, 1876-78, and in merchandising, 
1878-85. He was married at Englewood, N.J., 
June 1, 1871, to Elise J. Ingersoll, a native of 
Camden, Ala., her father a native of Pittsfield, 
Mass., and her mother a descendant of an old 
Carolina family of Huguenot descent. in 1885 


was a 


[465] 


RICHARDS 


he removed to Chadron, Neb., and in 1886 
organized and became vice-president of the First 
National bank at Chadron and treasurer of Dawes 
county. The same year he organized the First 
National bank of Douglas, Wyo., of which he 
was made president. He removed to Douglas, 
where he engaged in banking, mining and stock- 
raising. He was a member of the Wyoming con- 
stitutional convention of 1890; mayor of Douglas 
one term ; commander of the Wyoming national 
guard; a state senator, 1892-93; Grand -Master 
of Masons, 1895-96, and governor of Wyoming, 
1898-1902. 

RICHARDS, Ellen Henrietta, educator, was 
born in Dunstable, Mass., Dec. 3, 1842; daughter 
of Peter and Fanny Gould (Taylor) Swallow. 
She was graduated from Vassar college, A.B., 
1870, A.M., 1873, and from the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology, S.B., 1878. She was 
married, June 6, 1875, to Professor Robert Hallo- 
well Richards (q.v.) She was instructor in the 
Woman’s laboratory at the Institute, 1876-84 ; 
was appointed chemist of the Manufacturers’ 
Fire Insurance Co., was assistant chemist of the 
State Board of health for ten years, and chemist 
for ten years, and became interested in the 
domestic application of chemical principles. She 
was elected a member of the American Institute 
of Mining Engineers (being for twenty years the 


only woman member), and of other scientific’ 


bodies. She is the author of: Chemistry of 
Cooking and Cleaning (1882); First Lessons in 
Minerals (1885); Food Materials and their Adult- 
erations (1886); Home Sanitation (1887); The 
Cost of Living (1889); Air, Water and Food 
(1900); Dietary Computer (1901). 

RICHARDS, Jonas De Forest, educator, was 
born in Hartford, Vt., Dec. 28, 1809; son of Joel 
and Miriam (Smith) Richards, and grandson of 
Jonas Richards. He was graduated at Dart- 
mouth, A.B., 1836, A.M., 1889, and at Andover 
Theological seminary, 1840. He was married, 
Aug. 9, 1848, to Harriet Bartlett, daughter of 
William Jarvis of Weathersfield, Vt. He was 
ordained, May 26, 1841, and was pastor at Charles- 
town, N.H., 1841-51; at Chester, Vt., 1853-57 ; 
at Weathersfield, Vt., 1857-62, and principal of 
the Female seminary, College Hill, Ohio, 1863- 
65. He removed to Wilcox county, Ala., in 
1865, where he was elected state senator, and 
was interested in large cotton plantations. In 
1869 he accepted the chair of natural sciences 
and astronomy in the University of Alabama, 
and became acting and alternate president of 
that institution, preceding the administration 
of William Russell Smith (q.v.). He died in 
Mobile, Ala., Dec. 2, 1872. 

RICHARDS, Joseph Havens Cowles, educa- 
tor, was born in Columbus, Ohio, Nov. 8, 1851; 


RICHARDS 


son of the Rev. Henry Livingstone and Cynthia 
(Cowles) Richards; grandson of Dr. William 
Samuel and Isabella (Mower) Richards of Gran- 
ville, Ohio, and of Rensselaer Watson and Laura 
(Kilbourne) Cowles of Worthington, Ohio; great- 
grandson of Col. William Richards of New 
London, Conn., who fought at Bunker Hill, and 
died in 1831, and a descendant of John Richards, 
first mentioned in the records of Eele River, 
Plymouth, Mass., 1637. Being born shortly after 
the conversion of his father (up to that time a 
Protestant Episcopal clergyman of Columbus, 
Ohio), to the Roman Catholic faith, Havens was 
brought up in that faith; attended the Catholic 
schools of Jersey City, N.J., wasa student at 
Boston college, 1869-72; was admitted into the 
Society of Jesus, 1872, and was graduated from 
Woodstock college, Md., 1878. He was professor 
of physics at Georgetown college, 1878-83, and 
studied theology at Woodstock college, Md., 
1883-87, being ordained priest in 1885. He was 
president of Georgetown university, D.C., 1888- 
98, after which he engaged in religious work in 
Frederick, Md., Los Gatos, Cal., and other places. 

RICHARDS, Laura Elizabeth, author, was 
born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 27, 1850; daughter 
of Dr. Samuel Gridley and Julia (Ward) Howe 
(q.v.). She was named for Laura D. Bridgman 
(q.v.). She was educated at private schools in 
Boston, and was married in 1871 to Henry Rich- 
ards of Gardiner, Maine, where she subsequently 
made her home. She became widely known asa 
writer of stories for the young, the titles of which 
include: Sketches and Scraps (1881); Five Mice 
in a Mousetrap (1883); The Joyous Story of Toto 
(1885); Toto’s Merry Winter (1887); Queen Hilde- 
garde (1889); Captain January (1890); In My 
Nursery (1890) ; Hildegarde’s Holiday (1891); Hilde- 
garde’s Home (1892); When I was Your Age 
(1893); Glimpses of the French Court (18938); 
Melody (1893); Marie. (1894); Nautclus (1895); 
Jim of Hellas (1895); Five-Minute Stories (1895); 
Hildegarde’s Neighbors (1895); Narecissa (1896); 
Some Say (1896); Isle Heron (1896); Three Mar- 
garets (1897); Hildegarde’s Harvest (1897); 
Rosin, the Beau (1898); Margaret Montfort 


(1898); Love and Rocks (1898); Quicksilver Sue — 


(1899); Peggy (1899); Rita (1900); For Tommy 
(1900) ; Snow White (1900); Fernby House (1901); 
Geoffrey Strong (1901); Mrs. Tree 
Hurdy-gurdy (1902). 

RICHARDS, Matthias Henry, educator, was 


(1902); The 


born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 17, 1841; son of — 


the Rev. John William and Andora (Garber) 
Richards. He was graduated from Pennsylvania 
college, Gettysburg, A.B., 1860, A.M., 1863, B.D., 
1864 ; and was ordained to the Lutheran ministry 
in 1864. He was married, June 14, 1866, to Sallie — 
M., daughter of the Hon. Moses McClean of 


[466] 








RICHARDS 
















































Gettysburg ; she died, Dec. 12, 1898. He was a 
tutor at Pennsylvania college, 1861-63 ; pastor at 
South Easton, Pa., 1864-65 ; at Greenwich, N.J., 
1865-68 ; Sieg aia of English language and 
i. iterature at Muhlenberg college, Pa., 1868-73; 
pastor at Indianapolis, Ind., 1873-76, and returned 
a his professorship at ightecuerd in 1876, sery- 
ing in that capacity, and as secretary of the 
faculty till 1898. He was instructor and lecturer 
Chautauqua, Mount Gretna, Pa.; was also 
secretary of the Allentown school district for 
fifteen years, and a member of the Pennsylvania 
German society. The honorary degree of D.D. 
was conferred on him by Pennsylvania college 
in 1889. He was editor of Church Lesson Leaves 
and The Helper, 1880-96; a member of the staff 
of the Lutheran, 1884-98, and its associate editor, 
1896-98 ; editor of the Church Messenger, 1886- 
98. He died in Allentown, Pa., Dec. 11, 1898. 
RICHARDS, Robert Hallowell, educator, was 
born in Gardiner, Maine, Aug. 26, 1844; son of 
Francis and Anne Hallowell (Gardiner) Richards; 
grandson of John Richards and of Robert Hallo- 
well Gardiner. He was graduated from the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, B.S., 
1868; was assistant instructor there, 1868--71; 
became professor of mineralogy in 1871, and later 
professor of mining engineering and metallurgy. 
He was married in 1875 to Ellen Henrietta, 
daughter of Peter and Fanny Gould (Taylor) 
aoe. He introduced laboratory methods as 
a means of learning mining and metallurgy, and 
invented a jet aspirator for chemical and physical 
laboratories i in 1873; a prism for studio survey- 
ing in 1890; an ore separator for the Lake 
Si eeeerior Copper mills in 1881; aseparator for 
Virginia iron ores in 1900, and a vortex classi- 
er for separating ores. He was elected a 
member of the American Institute of Mining 
Engineers, and was its president in 1886. He 
ontributed largely to the Transactions of that 
and to the American Journal of Science, 
the author of: Ore Dressing (1903). 
CHARDS, Thomas Addison, painter, was 
in London, Eng., Dec. 3, 1820; son of the 
William Richards, and a brother of William 
Richards (q.v.). He came with his parents 
United States and settled in Hudson, N.Y., 
soon after removing to Georgia, where the 
n received his early education. He studied art 
the National Academy of Design, New York 
by, 1845-47, and was elected an associate of the 
Jemy in 1848, and a national academician in 
He established a studio in New York city ; 
ed as the first director of the Cooper Union 
. of Design for Women, 1858-60, and in 
was elected professor of art in the Univer- 
J \, Bit the City of New York. He married Mary 
ithony of Providence, R.I., in 1857, who died 


RICHARDS 


in 1894. He was corresponding secretary of 
the National Academy of Design, 1852-1900, and 
received the honorary degree A.M. from the 
University of the City of New York in 1878. 
He traveled extensively in the United States 
and in Europe, and became well known as an 
author and illustrator. He made many illustra- 
tions for Appleton’s ** Handbook of Travel,” and 
published: The American Artist (1838); Georgia 
Illustrated (1842); The Romance of American 
Landscape (1854); Summer Stories of the South 
(1852), and Pictures and Painters (1870). Among 
his paintings are: Alastor, or the Spirit of Soli- 
tude (1854); The Indian’s Paradise—a Dream of 
the Happy Hunting Ground (1854); Live Oaks of 
the South (1858); The French Broad River, N.C. 
(1859); Sunnyside (1862); The River Rhine (1869); 
Warwick Castle (1869); Chatsworth, England 
(1870) ; Lake Thun, Switzerland (1871); Italian 
Lake Scene (18738); Lake in the Adirondacks 
(1875): Lake Winnipiseogee (1876) ; Lake Brienz, 
Switzerland (1879); Edisto River, S.C. (1886). 
He died in Annapolis, Md., June 29, 1900. 

RICHARDS, William Alford, governor of 
Wyoming, was born at Hazel Green, Wis., 
March 9, 1849; son of Truman Perry and Elea- 
nor (Swinerton) Richards ; grandson of Daniel 
and Ruth (Ticknor) Richards and of James and 
Lucy (Carpenter) Swinerton, and a descendant of 
John Richards of Eele River, Plymouth, 1632- 
52; then of New London, Conn., 1652-87, He 
attended the schools $f his native place and 
Galena, Ill., and in 1885 removed to Wyoming, 
where he engaged in stock raising. He was sur- 
veyor-general of Wyoming, 1889-98; governor, 
1895-99, and on March 4, 1899, was appointed 
assistant commissioner of the general land office, 
Washington, D.C. 

RICHARDS, William Carey, author, was born 
in London, Eng., Nov. 24, 1818; son of the Rev. 
William Richards, who immigrated to the United 
States with his family in 1831, and became pastor 
of the Baptist church in Hudson, N.Y. William, 
who was a brother of Thomas Addison Richards 
(q.v.), was graduated at Hamilton institution 
(Colgate university) in 1840; and was married, 
Sept. 21, 1841, to Cornelia Holroyd, daughter of 
George and Sarah (Brown) Bradley of Hudson, 
N.Y. He engaged in literary and educational 
work in Georgia, 1840-49, and in Charleston, 
S.C., 1849-51 ; edited the Orion and The School- 
fellow, and was associated with the Southern 
Quarterly Magazine. He became associate pastor 
of the First Baptist church at Providence, R.L, 
in 1855; was ordained in July, 1855; was pastor 
of the Brown Street Baptist church in Provi- 
dence, R.I., 1855-62, and engaged in lecturing on 
physical science, 1862-65. He was pastor of the 
Baptist church in Pittsfield, Mass., 1865-68 ; pro- 


[467] 


RICHARDS 


fessor of chemistry in the Berkshire Medical col- 
lege for two years, and pastor at Chicago, IIL, 


1876-77, resuming his scientific lecture work in’ 


1877. He received the degree Ph.D. from Madi- 
son (Colgate) university in 1869. He was asso- 
ciated in the editorship of the Chicago Standard, 
1876-80, contributed frequently to magazines, 
and is the author of: Shakespeare Calendar 
(1850) ; Harry's Vacation, or Philosophy at Home 
(1854); Electron (1858); Science in Song (1865); 
Great in Goodness, a Memoir of George N. 
Briggs, Governor of Massachusetts (1866) ; Baptist 
Banquets (1881); The Lord is My Shepherd 
(1884); The Mountain Anthem (1885); Our Father 
in Heaven (1886), and college and anniversary 

poems. He died in Chicago. I]l., May 19, 1892. 
RICHARDS, William Trost, artist, was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 14, 1833 ; son of Ben- 
jamin M.and Annie Richards. He was educated 
in the common schools of Philadelphia ; studied 
art under Paul Weber of Philadelphia, and in 
Florence, Rome and 


Paris, 1855-56. He 
was married, June 
6, 1856, to Anna, 


daughter of Charles 
French and Sarah 
Ann (Maue) Matlack 
of Philadelphia, Pa., 
and in the same year 
» opened a studio in 
Philadelphia. He 
visited Paris a second 
time in 1867, where 
he remained until 
1878, when he opened 
a studio in London, 
England, and exhib- 
ited his works at the Royal academy and in the 
Grosvenor Gallery. In 1880 he returned to Phila- 
delphia, Pa., where he became an associate of the 
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1860; an 
honorary member of the National Academy of 
Design in 1861, and of the American Water Color 
society in 1875. Hereceived a medal at the Cen- 
tennial exposition in 1876; the Temple silver medal 
at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1885, 
and a bronze medal at the Paris exposition of 
1889. He belonged to the school of extreme pre- 
Raphaelites during his early years, and his work 
of that period shows a painstaking study of detail 
in landscape. He devoted his later years to 
marine painting, and is represented in the per- 
manent collections of the Metropolitan Museum 
of Fine Arts, New York; Corcoran Art Gallery, 
Washington, D.C. ; Metropolitan Museum, New- 
ark, N.J., and the Schaube Gallery, Hamburg, 
Germany. His oil paintings include: Tulip 
Trees (1859) ; Midsummer (1862); Woods in June 





[468] j 


RICHARDSON 


(1864); Mid-Ocean (1869); On the Wissahickon 
(1872); Sea and Sky (1875) ; Land’s End (1880); 
Old Ocean's Gray and Melancholy Waste (1885); 
February (1887), and A Summer Sea (1887), 
Among his water colors are: Cedars on the Sea- 
Shore (1878) ; Paradise, Newport (1875) ; Sand- 
Hills, Coast N.J. (1876); King Arthur’s Castle, 
Tintagel, Cornwall (1879); Mullion Gull Roek, 
Tintagel, Cornwall (1882); The Unresting Sea 
(1884) ; Cliffs of -Morch, Land’s End (1885); A . 
Summer Afternoon (1886); Cliffs of St. Colomb | 
(1887), and A Break in the Storm (1887). 
RICHARDSON, Abby Sage, author, was born 
in Lowell, Mass., Oct. 14, 18837; daughter of 
William and Abigal Sage; granddaughter of 
William and Elizabeth (Ingalls) Sage, and a des- 
cendant of David (who emigrated from Wales in 
1652 and settled in Middletown, Conn.) and Mary 
(Willcox) Sage. She was taken to Manchester, 
N.H., in 1842, receiving a liberal education in the 
public schools. In 1847 she removed to New 
York city. During the earlier part of her career 
she gave lectures on English literature and became 
a well-known Shakespearean scholar. She was 
married about 1860 to Daniel MacFarland, a law- 
yer, from whom she obtained a divorce in 1868. 
In November, 1869, she was married to Albert 
Deane Richardson (q.v.), then on his death bed. 
Later in life she became prominent as a dram- 
atist, her works in this line being as follows: 
Americans Abroad and A Woman’s Silence, 
adapted from the French of Sardou; Prince and 
Pauper, dramatized from Mark Twain’s book, and 
The Colonial Girl and The Pride of Jennico, dram- 
atized in collaboration with Grace Livingston Fur- 
niss. She contributed frequently to periodicals; _ 
edited Songs from the Old Dramatist (1872) ; 
Old Love Letters; or, Letters of Sentiment 
written by Persons Eminent in English Literature 
and History (1882); Abelard and Heloise: A 
Medieval Romance; with the Letters of Heloise 
(1883) ; and isthe author of: Garnered Sheaves 
(1871), a collection of her husband’s writings with 
amemoir ; Stories from Old English Poetry (1871); 
The History of Our Country (1875), and Famil- 
iar Talks on English Literature (1881). She 
died while on a visit to Rome, Italy, Dec. 5, 1900. 
RICHARDSON, Albert Deane, journalist, was — 
born in Franklin, Mass., Oct. 6, 1833; son of © 
Elisha and Harriet (Blake) Richardson, and _ 
grandson of Timothy and Julia (Deane) Blake. — 
He was brought up on a farm and attended the 
academy at Holliston, Mass., editing the academy 
paper and contributing both prose and verse to 
the Waverly Magazine and other Boston publica-. 
tions. He taught school two terms in Medway, 
Mass., and in 1851 went to Pittsburg, Pa., where 
he first taught a village school and subsequently 
became a reporter on the Pittsburg Journal. He 





RICHARDSON 















































iso attempted some dramatic writing at this 
ime, several of his farces being purchased by 
Barney Williams, and this departure brought him 
in offer to go on the professional stage, which 
he, however, refused. He removed to Cincinnati, 
* in 1852, where he was a local editor on the 
Sun ; went on a journalistic trip to Niagara Falls 
in 1853, and there formed the acquaintance of 
Junius Henri Browne, who became his life-long 
friend. He was subsequently detailed to report 
the celebrated ‘‘ Matt Ward” trial in Kentucky, 
the sale of his published report exceeding 20,000 
pies ; was employed on the Cincinnati Unionist, 
1854, and afterward edited the Cincinnati Colum- 
bian, declining its entire management in 1855. 
He was married in April, 1855, to Mary Louise 
vase of Cincinnati. In 1857 he severed his con- 
tion with the Gazette and went to Kansas, 
where he served as secretary of the territorial 
legislature ; engaged in political life, and contri- 
buted regularly to the Boston Journal. He ac- 
0 ompanied Horace Greeley and Henry Villard to 
Pike’s Peak in 1859, and the same year revisited 
New England and made an extended tour of the 
southwestern territories, corresponding mean- 
while with the New York Sun and other news- 
papers. He subsequently made a second trip to 
Pike's Peak as special correspondent of the 
Tribune, in company with Col. Thomas W. Knox, 
vith whom he established and edited the Western 
Mountaineer. He traveled through the Southern 
tates as secret correspondent of the Tribune, 
1860-61 ; and afterward as a war correspondent. 
Jn May 3, 1863, with Junius H. Browne, also of 
Tribune, and Colburn of the New York World, 
joined the party of thirty-four men who 
mpted to pass the Vicksburg batteries on two 
ves lashed toa steam-tug. He was taken pris- 
and confined at Salisbury, N.C., but finally 
ped, and after a journey of 400 miles arrived 
‘ennessee in 1865. During his imprisonment 
feandinfant son had died and he himself 
ontracted pneumonia, and was obliged to 
ifornia for the benefit of his health in the 
of 1865 and again in 1869. He was mar- 
November, 1869, while on his death-bed, 
vy Sage. Heis the author of: The Field, 
ungeon and the Eseape (1865) ; Beyond the 
ssippi (1866), and Personal History of Ul, ys- 
'S. Grant (1868). See ‘‘Garnered Sheaves’ 
871), by Abby Sage Richardson (q.v.). Mr. 
Richardson was shot and fatally wounded in the 
ne Office, 
nd, Nov. 26, 1859, and died, Dec. 2, 1869. 
HARDSON, Charles Francis, author, was 
Hallowell, Maine, May 29, 1851; son of 
Moses Charles and Mary Savary (Wingate) 
vardson ; grandson of Moses Davis and Sarah 
18) Richardson and of Francis and Martha 


New York city, by Daniel Mac- 


RICHARDSON 


(Savary) Wingate, and a descendant of 
William Richardson, who was born in England 
about 1620 and settled in Newbury, Mass., about 
1640. He was graduated from Dartmouth col- 
lege, A.B., 1871, A.M., 1874, and engaged in 
journalism. He was an editor of the New York 
Independent, 1872-78; of the Sunday Sehool 
Times in Philadelphia, Pa., 1878-80 ; and of Good 
Literature in New York city, 1880-82; and was 
elected professor of English language and liter- 
ature at Dartmouth college in 1882. He was 
married, April 12, 1878, to Elizabeth Miner, 
daughter of Jesse and Ellen Elizabeth (Miner) 
Thomas of Wilkesbarre, Pa. The honorary de- 
gree of Ph. D. was conferred on him by Union 
college in 1895. He is the author of : A Primer of 
American Literature (1878); The College Book 
(1878); The Cross (1879) ; The Choice of Books 
(1881) ; American Literature, 1607-1885 (1886-- 
88) ; The End of the Beginning (1896). 
RICHARDSON, Ernest Cushing, librarian, 
was born in Woburn, Mass., Feb. 9, 1860; son of 
James Cushing and Lydia Bartlett (Taylor) 
Richardson ; grandson of Benjamin B. and Abigail 
(Cushing) Richardson and of Philip and Nancy 
(Le Baron) Taylor, and a descendant of Samuel 


Richardson, one of the founders of “Woburn, 
Mass., in 1642. He was graduated from Amherst 


college, A.B., 1880, A.M., 1888, and from the 
Hartford Theological seminary in 1883. Ife was 
librarian and associate professor at Hartford 
Theological seminary, 1888-90, and was appointed 
librarian of Princeton university in 1890. He 
was married, June 30, 1891, to Grace Duncan, 
daughter of Z. Stiles and Sarah (Duncan) Ely of 
New York city. He was appointed a member of 
the New Jersey State Library commission ; 
president of the New Jersey Library association, 
and first vice-president of the American Library 
association. The degree of Ph. D. was conferred 
on him by Washington and Jefferson college in 
1887, and that of A.M. by Princeton university in 
1896. He was editor of the American chapter in 
Berner’s ‘‘ Jahresberichte d. Geschichtswissen- 
schaft,” and is the author of : Bibliographical 
Synopsis of the Ante-Nicene Fathers (1887) ; In- 
fluence of the Golden Legend on the Culture-His- 
tory of the Middle Ages (1887) ; Faust, and the 
Clementine Recognitions (1894); In Praise of 
Libraries (1900) ; Classification, Theoretical and 
Practical (1901); and revised translations of 
Eusebius’s ‘‘ Life of Constantine ” (1890) ; 
Jerome’s and Gennadius’s ‘* Lives of Illustrious 
Men ” (1892), and a critical edition of the same 
(1896). 

RICHARDSON, Henry Hobson, architect, was 
born in Priestley’s Point, St. James parish, La., 
Sept. 29, 15388; son of Henry D. and Catherine 
Caroline (Priestley) Richardson. He was gradu- 


was 


[469] 


RICHARDSON 


ated from Harvard, A.B., 1859, A.M., 1872, and 
studied architecture in Paris, Franee. On his 
return to the United States he formed a_part- 
nership with Charles D. Gambrill in New York 
city. On the death of his partner in 1876, he 
removed to Brookline, Mass. Among the more 
noted buildings designed by him are: The 
church of the Unity, Springfield, Mass.; Brattle 
Street church, Boston, 1871; Trinity church, 
Boston, 1877; the Cheney buildings, Hartford, 
Conn.; the Ames Memorial library, North Easton, 
Mass.; the State capitol, Albany, N.Y., Sever and 
Austin halls, Harvard university ; public libraries 
at Woburn, Quincy, Malden and Burlington, 


5 


THE WOBURN 
PUBLIC 





















Mass., the stations along the Boston and Albany 
railroad ; the Board of Trade building in Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, and the court house at Pittsburg, Pa., 


both left unfinished. He died in Brookline, 
Mass., April 28, 1886. 
RICHARDSON, Israel Bush, soldier, was 


born in Fairfax, Vt., Dec. 26, 1815; a descendant 
of Israel Putnam. He was graduated at the U.S. 
Military academy in 1841 ; was promoted 2d lieu- 
tenant in the 3d infantry, Sept. 30, 1841, and 
served in the Florida war, 1841-42; in garrison 
and on frontier duty, 1842-45; in the military 
occupation of Texas, 1845-46, and in the war 
with Mexico, 1846-47. He was promoted 1st lieu- 
tenant, Sept. 21, 1846 ; engaged in the battles of 
Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey, siege of 
Vera Cruz, battle of Cerro Gordo, skirmish of 
Oka Laka, battles of Contrerasand Churubusco, 
the storming of Chapultepec, and the assault 
and capture of the City of Mexico. He was brey- 
etted captain, Aug. 20, 1847, for gallant and mer- 
itorious conduct in the battles of Contreras and 
Churubusco, and major, Sept. 13, 1847, for gallant 
and meritorious conduct in the battle of Chapul- 
tepec. He served in Mississippi, Texas and New 
Mexico, 1848-54 ; was promoted captain, March 5, 
1851, and resigned from the service, Sept. 30, 
1855. He engaged in farming near Pontiac, 
Mich., 1855-61, and in 1861 volunteered his ser- 
vices and was appointed brigadier-general of 
U.S. volunteers, May 17, 1861. He was commis- 


. ij 


RICHARDSON 


sioned colonel of the 2d Michigan infantry, May 
25, 1861, and commanded the regiment in the 
defenses of Washington, May to July, 1861. He 
commanded the 4th brigade, 1st division, Mec- 
Dowell’s army, in the first battle of Bull Run, July 
21, 1861, where he covered the retreat ; com- 
manded the 1st division, 2d corps, Army of the 
Potomac, in the Virginia Peninsular campaign, 
and took part in the battle of Seven Pines, May 
31-June 1, 1862.;and theseven days’ battles before 
Richmond, June 25-July 1, 1862. He was pro- 
moted major-general of U. 8S. volunteers, July 4, 
1862 ; and commanded the 1st division in the 
Maryland campaign, taking part in the battle 
of South Mountain (Boonsboro), Sept. 14, 1862 ; 
and the battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Sept. 
17, 1862, where he was mortally wounded and 
carried to Pry’s house, McClellan’s headquarters, 
He won the name of ‘‘ fighting Dick”. He died 
at Pry’s house, Sharpsburg, Md., Nov. 3, 1862. 
RICHARDSON, James Burchell, governor of 
South Carolina, was born at the family mansion 
in Craven (now Clarendon) county, S8.C., Oct. 
28, 1770; son of Gen. Richard and Dorothy 
(Sinkler) Richardson; and grandson of Charles 
Richardson. Gen. Richard Richardson was chief 
in command in a campaign against the Indians, 
and afterward served in the war of the Revolu- 
tion. James B. Richardson was married to Ann 
Cantey Sinkler. He engaged in planting and 
was also a breeder and runner of thoroughbred 
horses, his name being frequently mentioned in 
this connection in the Turf Register. He was an 
active politician, served in both houses of the 
state legislature, being president of the senate, 
and was governor of South Carolina, 1802-04. He 
died at his mansion, April 28, 1836. 
RICHARDSON, James Daniel, representative, 
was born in Rutherford county, Tenn., March 
10, 1843; son of John Watkins and Augusta Mary 
(Starnes) Richardson; grandson of James and 
Mary (Watkins) Richardson, and of Daniel and 
Harriet Starnes, and a descendant, on the pater-— 
nal side, of Virginia ancestors. He attended the 
public schools and Franklin college, but left the 
latter institution in 1861 to enter the Confeder-— 
ate army as a private; was promoted adjutant 


of the 43d Tennessee infantry regiment, and — 
He was married, Jan. 18, 1865, | 


served, 1862-65. 
to Alabama, daughter of Eldred Pippen of Greene ~ 
county, Ala. He studied law and established 
himself in practice in Murfreesboro, Tenn.. Jan. 
1, 1867; was a representative and speaker in the 
state legislature, 1871--72; state senator, 1873--74; 
a delegate to the Democratic national conyen- 
tions of 1876, 1896 and 1900, and permanent chair- 
man.of the Kansas City convention of 1900. He 
was chosen the Sovereign Grand Commander of 
the Supreme Council, 33d degree of the Ancient 


[470] 


a0) 
- 





| 

































RICHARDSON 
and Accepted Scottish Rite of Free Masonry, 
the Southern jurisdiction of the United States, 
the Mother Council of the World. He was a 
emocratic representative from the fifth Tenn- 
ssee district in the 49th--58th congresses, 1885-- 
1905, and became the leader of the minority in 
the house of representatives, anda member of 
the committee on ways and means in the 56th 
and 57th congresses. He edited and compiled 
‘Messages and Papers of the Presidents.” 
RICHARDSON, John Manly, soldier, was 
born at ‘Bloom Hill” Sumter district, S.C., 
March 13, 1831; son of William Guignard and 
Emma Corbet (Buford) Richardson and grand- 
gon of Capt. William Richardson (q.v.) and of 
William and Frances (June) Buford. He wasa 
student at the South Carolina Military academy, 
at the University of Virginia, and was graduated 
at Harvard university, Cambridge, Mass., B.S., 
1854, and served while at Harvard as assistant in 
mathematics in the 
Lawrence Scientific 
school. He was mar- 
ried first to Levenia 
Eugenia, daughter of 
_ John Ragan King of 
South Carolina, and 
secondly to his cousin, 
Elizabeth Buford 
(Richardson) Gaddy, 
widow of Dr. John T. 
Gaddy and daughter 
of the Rev. John 
Smythe Richardson. 
He was one of the 
founders (1856) with 
y Col. Charles A. Mc- 
el, of the Bowdon Collegiate institute, Ga., 
later became professor of mathematics in 
Hillsboro, N.C., Military academy, resigning 


as commissioned major of the 11th N.C, 
teers, army of Northern Virginia, July 3, 
vhich regiment later became the 2ist N.C, 
r y. He was forced to resign on account of 
January, 1862, and in February accepted 
perintendency and chair of mathematics 
Georgia Military institute, Marietta. On 
oration of his health in the fall of 1863 he 
ed his position and declining a professor- 
in the University of Alabama accepted 
2, 1863) an appointment as officer on the 
il staff of the Confederate States army. 
is SO severely wounded at Winchester Sept. 
, as to necessitate the amputation of his 
_ He was president of collegiate institutes 
on, Ga., 1868-69; Carrollton, Ga., 1870- 
ulphur Springs, Tex., 1877-80; Leesburg, 
880-85 ; and in 1886 took charge of the 


1 to enter the Confederate States army.. 


RICHARDSON 


institute at Daingerfield, Tex., which position he 
was soon compelled to resign on account of fail- 
ing health. He published two military works 
during the civil war, and after retiring from 
active educational work devoted much time to 
writing for the periodical press on legal, social, 
political, literary and scientific subjects. He 
died in Daingerfield, Tex., Feb. 4, 1898. 
RICHARDSON, John Peter, governor of South 
Carolina, was born at Hickory Hill, Sumter dis- 
trict, S.C., April 14, 1801; son of John Peter and 
Floride (Peyre) Richardson; grandson of Rich- 
ard Richardson (q.v.), and nephew of James B. 
Richardson (governor of South Carolina, 1802-04). 
He was graduated at the College of South Caro- 
lina in 1819 and was admitted to the bar in 1821, 
practising in Fulton, 8.C., and also engaging in 
planting. He was married to Juliana, daughter 
of Charles and Elizabeth (Eveleigh) Richardson, 
of Sumter, S.C. He represented his district as 
an anti-nullifier in the state legislature, and was 
also a judge of the circuit court. He was astate- 
rights Democratic representative in the 24th con- 
gress, completing the term of Richard Manning, 
deceased, and was re-elected to the 25th congress, 
serving, 1836-39. He was governor of South 
Carolina, 1840-42; a delegate to the’ Southern 
convention at Nashville, June and November, 
1850 ; president of the Southern Rights association 
in 1851, anda member of the state conventions 
of 1852 and 1860, voting against secession on the 
first ballot. He died in Fulton, 8.C., Jan. 24, 1864. 
RICHARDSON, John Smythe, jurist, was 
born at “Bloom Hill,” Sumter district, S.C., 
April 11, 1777; son of Capt. William (q.v.) and 
Ann Magdalen (Guignard) Richardson. He was 
educated in Charleston; studied law under John 
J. Pringle; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 
1799, and settled in 
practice in the Sum- 
ter district. He rep- 
resented Claremont 
county in the state 
legislature in 1810, 
originating the gen- 
eral suffrage _ bill, 
which later became a 
part of the state con- 
stitution, and served 
as speaker of the 
house in 1810, resign- 
ing to accept the 
attorney - generalship 
of the state. He was elected a law judge, 
Dec, 18, 1818; declined the nomination of the 
Republican party for representative in congress 
in 1820; was president judge of the court of ap- 
peals of South Carolina, 1841-46, and of the court 





(471) 


RICHARDSON 


of errors, 1846-50, succeeding David Johnson. 
He was married about 1803, to Mrs. Elizabeth 
Lucretia (Buford) Coutrier, widow of Thomas 
Coutrier of Berkeley district, and daughter of 
William and Frances (June) Buford of Williams- 
burg district, formerly of Virginia. After his 
death his remains were taken to his home, Bloom 
Hill, Sumter district, and laid at rest among his 
ancestors. His widow died in 1859, and was 
buried by his side. He died in Charleston, 8.C., 
May 8, 1850. 

RICHARDSON, John Smythe, representative, 
was born at ** Bloom Hill’, Claremont county, 
Sumter district, S.C., Feb. 29, 1828; son of the 
Rev. John Smythe and Sophia (Hyatt) Richardson ; 
grandson of Judge John Smythe (q.v.), and 
Elizabeth (Buford) Coutrier Richardson and of 
Capt. Charles Hyatt, a sea captain whose family 
resided in Providence, R.I. He was graduated 
from the College of South Carolina in 1850; was 
married, Dec. 11, 1850, to Agnes Davison, daughter 
of Davison and Catherine DuBose (McCray) 
McDowell; was admitted to the bar in 1852, and 
settled in practice in Sumter, $.C. He also en- 
gaged in planting, and in 1861 entered the Con- 
federate army as captain of infantry, serving 
under Col. J. B. Kershaw, until after the first 
battle of Manassas, where he was wounded. He 
was then transferred to the 23d South Carolina 
regiment as adjutant, serving until the end of 
the war, and surrendering with Johnston at 
Greensboro, N.C. Herepresented Sumter county 
in the state legislature, 1865-76, and was appoint- 
ed agent of South Carolina in 1866, to apply for 
and receive the land-scrip donated by congress. 
He was a delegate to the Democratic national 
convention of 1876; was defeated the same year 
as the Democratic candidate for representative 
in the 45th congress, and elected a representa- 
tive from the first South Carolina district to the 
46th and 47th congresses, serving, 1879-83. He 
was master in chancery for Sumter county, 1884- 
93, and died at ‘‘ Shady Side,” near Sumter, S.C., 
Feb. 24, 1894. 

RICHARDSON, Joseph, representative, was 
born in Billerica, Mass., Feb. 1, 1778: son of 
Joseph and Martha (Chapman) Richardson ; 
grandson of Samuel and Hannah (Walker) Rich- 
ardson, and a descendant of Thomas Richardson, 
who emigrated from England with his brothers 
Ezekiel and Samuel in the fleet with Winthrop 
in 1630, and settled first in Charlestown, and then 
in Woburn, Mass. He was graduated at Dart- 
mouth, A.B., 1802, A.M., 1805, studied theology 
under Dr. Cumings, and was licensed to preach 
by the Andover association in 1803. He taught 
school in Charlestown, Mass., 1804-06; was or- 
dained to the Unitarian ministry, July 2, 1806; 
was married, May 23, 1807, to Ann, daughter of 


RICHARDSON 


Dr. Benjamin and Silence (Stickney) Bowers 


of Billerica, Mass., and was pastor of the First 
Unitarian church in Hingham, Mass., 1806-71, 
where he survived every person that was a mem- 
The 


ber of his congregation at his settlement. 
Rev. Calvin JS 

Lincoln was in- 
stalled as his 
colleague in 
1855, and the 
church edifice, 
built in 1681, is | 
probably the 














United States. ee OLD MEETING-HOUSE WING HAR 

He was a member of the state constitutional con- 
vention in 1820 ; represented Plymouth county in 
the Massachusetts legislature, 1822-23 ; wasa state 
senator in 1823, 1824 and 1826, and served as 


chairman of the committee on parishes in both — 


houses. He was a representative from Massa- 
chusetts in the 20th and 21st congresses, 1827-31 ; 


declined re-election in 1830, and was succeeded — 


by John Quincy Adams. He received the hon- 
orary degree of A.M. from Brown university in 
1817. Heistheauthor of : The American Reader ; 
The Young Ladies’ Selection of Elegant Extracts ; 
A Narrative of the Proceedings in the North 
Parish, with an Appendix (1807); Vindication of 
the Proceedings of the First Church and Parish 
of Hingham in settling Rev. Joseph Richardson 
(1807); and A Sermon at the Close of Fifty Years, 
He died in Hingham, Mass., Sept. 25, 1871. 
RICHARDSON, Richard, patriot soldier, was 
born in eastern Virginia, near Jamestown, in 
1704 ; son of Charles Richardson. Hewas a land 
surveyor, emigrating to Sumter district, §8.C., in 
1725, where he conducted a plantation, com- 
manded the colonial militia in the district, and was 
elected a member of the council of safety in 1775. 


He was married first, to Elizabeth, daughter of © 


Joseph Cantey, and secondly to Dorothy, daughter 
of James and Margaret Sinkler. Upon the re- 
volt among the loyalists of the state he used the 
militia in restoring order, and for his services 
received the thanks of the Provisional congress 
and a commission as brigadier-general. He was 
a delegate to the Provincial congress that framed 


the constitution of South Carolina in 1776, and ”- 


while defending the city of Charleston against 
the British under Clinton in 1780, was taken — 
prisoner, and sent to St. Augustine where he 


withstood the alluring promises of Cornwallis, — 


conditioned on his espousing the cause of the 
Royalists. He was held by the British a prisoner 
of war a few months, when broken in health, he 
was sent to his home to die. Colonel Tarleton 
when on a raid through Carolina in 1781 burned 


-his house and opened his grave to be assured of 
[472] 


‘ 


j 























































RICHARDSON 


ne patriot’s death. His son, James B. Richard- 
son, was governor of South Carolina, 1802-04. 
Richard Richardson died on his plantation near 
Salisbury, S.C., in September, 1780. 
RICHARDSON, William, patriot, was born in 
eastern Virginia, July 13, 1743; son of Edward 
(a sea-captain) and Elizabeth (Poinsett) Richard- 
son. His father, a native of England, married 
and made his home in Virginia, continuing his 
voyages. William removed to Charleston, 
C., in early manhood, and engaged in business 
wv vith success. He was married to Ann Magdalen, 
daughter of Gabriel and Frances (de Lessiline) 
Guignard, refugees from France. Some years 
later he removed from Charleston to his planta- 
tion **Bloom Hill” on the Wateree river, Sumter 
l district. He was a member of the committee to 
c into effect the Continental association, 
da member of the first provincial congress of 
th Carolina. He was appointed captain in 
s first regiment of riflemen and served until 
fall of Charleston in 1780, when he was cap- 
tured and paroled to his plantation, being ex- 
changed in May, 1781. Upon exchange he was 
uppointed by Governor Rutledge, commissary- 





epplics for the state troops. He died at ‘‘ Bloom 
Til m5.C., Feb. 17, 1786. 
R ICHARDSON, William, representative, was 
born at Athens, Ala., in 1845; son of William 
and Anne Maria (Davis) Richardson, and grand- 
m of Capt. Nicholas and Mary (Hargrove) Davis. 
His father and maternal grandparents were na- 
of Virginia. William Richardson entered 
Confederate army as a private, 1861, rose to 
rank of captain, and was wounded in the 
ttles of Chickamauga, Shiloh and Murfrees- 
. He was admitted to the bar in 1865, 
ed representative from the county of Lime- 
e to the lower branch of the general assembly 
bama, and in 1867 began the practice of 
Huntsville, Ala. On Dec. 18, 1872, he 
Elizabeth Benagh, daughter of Ambrose 
cker of Lynchburg, Va. Mrs. Richardson 
Oct. 24, 1891. Captain Richardson was 
idge of the probate and county court of Madi- 
ae inty, <Ala., 1875-86 ; ; was nominated by 
nation, July 3, 1900, and elected a Demo- 
ic representative in congress from the eighth 
ama district to fill the unexpired term of 
oseph Wheeler, resigned, and was re-elected 
57th and 58th congresses, 1901-05. 
ARDSON, William Adams, cabinet 
was born in Tyngsboro, Mass., Nov. 2, 
$21; son of the Hon. Daniel and Mary (Adams) 
shardson, and a descendant of Ezekiel Richard- 
he immigrant, 1630. He attended Groton 
y, and was graduated from Harvard, 
1843, A.M., 1846; studied law with his 


neral, and his plantation became the depot of 


RICHARDSON 


brother Daniel in Lowell, Mass. ; was graduated 
at the Harvard Law school, 1846; was admitted 
to the bar at Boston, Mass., July 8, 1848, and 
began practice in partnership with his brother, 
He was married in 1849 to Anna M. Marston of 
Machiasport, Maine. He was 
Judge Joel Parker in 
the revision of the 
general statutes of 
Massachusetts, 1850- 
59; was judge of the 
probate court for 
Middlesex _— county, 
Mass., 1856-58 ; judge 
of probate and insol- 
vency courts for Mid- 
dlesex county, 1858- 
72; declined a com- 
mission as judge of 
the superior court 
of Massachusetts in 
April, 1869. to accept 
the assistant secre- 
taryship of the U.S. treasury, from President 
Grant, and on March 17, 1878, succeeded Mr. 
Boutwell as secretary of the treasury. During 
his administration the Geneva award of $15.000,- 
000 was transferred from London to Washington. 
He resigned the treasurership in June, 1874, to 
accept a seat on the bench of the U.S. court of 
claims, and in 1885 he was appointed by President 
Arthur, chief justice of the court. He formed a 
plan for enlarging the jurisdiction of the pro- 
bate courts, which was passed by the Massachu- 
setts legislature ; was a law lecturer at George- 
town college and at Columbian university, and 
was an overseer of Harvard, 1863-75. The honor- 
ary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by 
Columbian in 1873; by Georgetown in 1881; by 
Howard in 1882, and by Dartmouth in 1886. He 
is the author of: The Banking Laws of Massa- 
chusetts (1855); Supplement to the General 
Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
(1860-62) ; Practical Information Concerning the 
Debt of the United States (1872); National Bank- 
ing Laws (1872); and prepared and edited: A 
Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United 
States (1881); History of the Court of Claims (1882- 
85). He died in Washington, D.C., Oct. 19, 1896. 

RICHARDSON, William Merchant, jurist, 
was born in Pelham, N.H., Jan. 4, 1774; son of 
Capt. Daniel and Mary (Merchant) tichardson. 
He was graduated at Harvard in 1797, engaged 
in teaching school in Leicester and Groton, Mass., 
and was married in 1798 to Betsey, daughter of 
Peter Smith of Pelham. He studied law under 
Judge Samuel Dana, with whom he practised in 
Groton until 1812. He was a Federalist repre- 
sentative in the 12th and 13th congresses, serving 


asscciated with 





[473] 


RICHARDSON 


from Jan. 22, 1812, to April 18, 1814, when he 
resigned and removed to Portsmouth, N.H. He 
became U.S. attorney for the district of New 
Hampshire in 1814, and was appointed chief jus- 
tice of the supreme court of New Hampshire 
by Governor Plumer, serving, 1816-38. He also 
served as chairman of a commission to revise the 
laws of the state in 1826, and received the degree 
LL.D. from Dartmouth college in 1827. He is 
the author of : The New Hampshire Justice (1824); 
The Town Officer (1824); and was co-reporter of 
the New Hampshire Superior Court Cases 1819- 
44). He died in Chester, N.H., March 3, 1838. 
RICHARDSON, Wilson Gaines, educator, was 
born in Maysville, Ky., Dec. 9, 1825; sonef Thomas 
Gaines and Sarah (Perry) Richardson ; grandson 
of Richard and Sarah (Gaines) Richardson and 
of Capt. John and Elizabeth (Leathers) Perry of 
Woodford county, Ky. His maternal grand- 
father was one of seven brothers, who went out 
in one of Virginia’s regiments and fought through 
the Revolution. He was graduated from the 
University of Alabama, A.B., 1844, A.M., 1847; 
was tutor in ancient languages at the university, 
1846-49 ; adjunct professor of ancient languages 
and English literature, 1849-50; traveled in Eu- 
rope, 1851-54 and was professor of Latin and 
French at the University of Mississippi, 1854-59, 
and at Oakland college, Miss., 1859-62. He en- 
listed as a private in the Lamar rifles in the civil 
war, was shot through the thigh at Gaines’s Mill, 
was appointed paymaster, C.S. navy by Presi- 
dent Davis, assigned to the ship Selma, was taken 
prisoner in the battle of Mobile Bay and confined 
for six months on Ship Island. He was principal 
of the female institute at Oxford, Miss., 1865-66 ; 
professor of ancient languages and French at 
Davidson college, N.C., 1866-74; professor of 
Latin and French at Central university, Ky., 
1874-78 ; and professor of languages at Austin 
college, Texas, 1878-81. He attended Princeton 
Theological seminary, 1882-84; was licensed to 
preach by the presbytery of New Brunswick, 
N.J., April 30, 1884, and was pastor at Staunton, 
Tenn., 1884-86. He was married Feb. 4. 1857, to 
Louisa Vinson, daughter of Dr. Robert Lewis and 
Martha (Bush) Kennon of Jackson, Miss.; and 
after her death was married, Feb. 10, 1876, to 
Mrs. Anne Herring McAfee, at Harrisburg, Va. 
The honorary degree of Ph.D. was conferred on 
him by Hiram college in 1876. He is the author 
of : Catalogue of the Library of the University 
of Alabama (1848); Latin Pronunciation in Amer- 
ican Colleges (1875) and revised and edited the 


‘* Encyclopedia of the New West” (1881). He 
died at Staunton, Tenn., July 5, 1886. 
RICHMAN, Irving Berdine, historian, was 


born in Muscatine, Iowa, Oct. 27, 1861; son of 
Dewitt Clinton and Mary (Berdine) Richman ; 


= 


RICKARDS 


grandson of Evert and Mary (Scott) Richman, 
and of Jacob Cook and Matilda (Hawk) Berdine, 
and a descendant of Holland ancestors on his 
father’s side and of English on his mother’s. He 
was graduated from the State University of lowa 
in 1883, and engaged in the practice of law in 
Muscatine, Iowa, in 1885. He was married, 
June 8, 1887, to Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph 
Alexander and Cyrena (Bisbee) Green of Musca- 
tine, lowa. In 1889 he was elected a representa- 
tive in the state legislature of Iowa, presided as 
temporary chairman of the state convention that 
nominated Horace Boies for governor, and in 
1891 was re-elected to the legislature. He was 
appointed by President Cleveland, U.S. consul- 
general at St. Gall, Switzerland, serving as such, 
1893-98. After his return to the United States 
he began preparation for the writing of his nota- 
ble history of Rhode Island, James Bryce, M.P., 
having recommended this commonwealth as de- 
serving of special study and philosophical treat- 
ment. He is the author of: John Brown Among 
the Quakers and Other Sketches (1894 and 1896); 
Appenzell, A Swiss Study (London, 1895), and 
Rhode Island : 
Survey of the Annals of the Commonwealth from 
its Settlement to the Death of Roger Williams, 
1636-1683, with an introduction by James Bryce, 
M.P., D.C.L. (1902), and contributions to the 
Atlantic Monthly, Political Science Quarterly, 
Harvard Law Review, and other periodicals. 
RICHTER, Henry Joseph, R.C. bishop, was 
born in Neuenkirchen, Oldenburg, Germany, 
April9, 1838; son of John Henry and Anna Maria 
Elisabeth (Albers) Richter. 
United States in 1854, and attended St. Paul’s 


school and Mt. St. Mary’s seminary, Cincinnati, — 


Ohio; was graduated from the American college 


at Rome in 1865, and was ordained there, June 


10, 1865, by Cardinal Patrizzi. He returned to 
Cincinnati : 
dogma, philosophy and liturgy at Mt. St. Mary’s 
seminary, 1865-70, and rector at St. Laurence 
and chaplain of the academy of Mt. St. Vincent, 
1870-83. On the erection of the diocese of Grand 
Rapids, May 19, 1882, 
bishop ; 


was appeal Jan. 30, 1883, and was 


consecrated, April 22, 1883, by Coadjutor Bishop 
Elder, assisted by Bishops Borgess of Detroit and 


McCloskey of Louisville, Ky. 

RICKARDS, John Ezra, governor of Montana, 

was born in Delaware City, Del. 
son of David Townsend and Macy Rickards, and 
a descendant of Huguenots and Scots. 
grandparents were commissioned officers in the 
Revolutionary war. John E. Rickards left the 
public school at Middletown, Del., in 1862, and 
became clerk in a store in Wilmington, Del. In 
1870 he removed to Pueblo, Col., and thence to 


[474] 


Tis Making and Its Meaning :—A — 


He emigrated to the © 


was vice-president and professor of — 


he was chosen as its first 


, July 28, 18485 


Both his : 


= 








RICKETTS 



































‘San Francisco, Cal., 1879, where he engaged in 
mercantile pursuits. In 1882 he took up real 
estate and insurance and continued his mercantile 
interests in Butte City, Mont., where his public 
eareer began as an alderman. He was a member 
of the city council of Butte, 
1885-87 ; representative from 
Silver Bow county in the 
upper house of the territorial 
legislature, 1887, and a mem- 
ber of the constitutional con- 
vention in 1889. He was the 
first lieutenant-governor of 
the state, 1889-93, and the election of two Repub- 
lican U.S. senators was due to his decision as 
president of the joint convention of the two 
houses, his action being afterward ratified by the 
U.S. senate. He was governorof Montana, 1893~- 
97, and supervisor of census for the district of 
Montana, 1900. He was a lay member of the 
general conference of the Methodist Episcopal 
church in 1888 and 1892. He was married first, 
July 5, 1876, to Lizzie M., daughter of Benjamin 
and Margaret Wilson of Newark, Del. She died 
in San Francisco in 1881, and he married secondly, 
in 1883, Mrs. Eliza A. (Ellis) Boucher of Canada. 
He had nine children, and was residing in Butte, 
Mont., in 1903. 
RICKETTS, James Brewerton, soldier, was 
born in New York city, June 21, 1817. He was 
graduated from the U.S. Military academy in 
1839; promoted 2nd lieutenant of 1st artillery, 
July 1, 1839, and 1st lieutenant, April 21, 1842. 
He served in the war with Mexico, 1846-48; en- 
yaged in the battle of Monterey, Sept. 20-25, 1846, 
d held the Rinconada pass, during the battle 
Buena Vista, Feb. 22-23, 1847. He served in 
Florida against the Seminoles in 1852; was pro- 
moted captain, Aug. 3, 1852, and served on 
rontier and garrison duty, 1852-61; in the de- 
e of Washington, D.C., April-July, 1861, 
was severely wounded and taken prisoner at 
battle of Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861, and 
neld as prisoner of war, 1861-62. He was 
revetted lieutenant-colonel, U.S.A., July 21, 
5 , for gallantry at Bull Run, and commissioned 
ier-general, U.S.V. He joined in the 
ions in the Shenandoah valley in June, 
and in the Northern Virginia campaign, 
ug.—Sept., 1862, commanding the 2nd division, 
my corps, Army of Virginia, at Cedar Moun- 
in, second battle of Bull Run, and in the 
tions at Rappahannock station and Thorough- 
are Gap, where his division was detached and 
dered to delay Longstreet’s advance. He com- 
anded the 2nd division, 1st army corps, Army 
Potomac, in the Maryland campaign, Sept.— 
, 1862, taking part in the battles of South 
mntain and Antietam. He was promoted 


RICORD 


major, U.S.A., June 1, 1863, and commanded the 
3d division, 6th army corps, under General Grant 
in the Richmond campaign, March-July 1864, in 
the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, 
Cold Harbor, and the siege of Petersburg. He 
was brevetted colonel, U.S.A., for gallantry at 
Cold Harbor, Va., June 8, 1864, and took part in 
the defence of Maryland against General Early’s 
raid, commanding the 3d division, under Gen. 
Lewis Wallace, at the battle of Monocacy. He 
commanded the 6th army corps, Army of the 
Shenandoah, at Opequan, Fisher’s Hill, and Cedar 
Creek, Va., where he was severely wounded. He 
was brevetted major-general of U.S. volunteers, 
Aug. 1, 1864, for gallant conduct during the 
rebellion, and particularly in the battles of the 
campaign under General Grant; the Monocacy 
under General Wallace; and Opequan, Fisher’s 
Hill and Cedar Creek, in the Shenandoah cam- 
paigns under General Sheridan. He was brevet- 
ted brigadier-general, U.S.A., March 13. i865, for 
Cedar Creek, and major-general, March 13, 1865, 
for gallant and meritorious services in the field, 
during the rebellicn. He commanded a district 
in the department of Virginia, 1865-66, and was 
mustered out of volunteer service, April 30, 1866, 
and retired from active service, Jan. 3, 1867, for 
disability from wounds received in battle. He 
died in Washington, D.C.. Sept. 27, 1887. 
RICORD, Frederick William, author, was 
born in Guadeloupe, -W.I., Oct. 7, 1819; son of 
Dr. Jean Baptiste (1777-1537), a native of Paris, 
France, who fled to Italy during the French 
revolution, settled in Baltimore, Md., was grad- 
uated at the New York College of Physicians and 
Surgeons in 1810, and in the same year married 
Elizabeth Stryker (1788-1865), daughter of the 
Rev. Peter Stryker of New Utrecht, L.I., and 
was in the West Indies making botanical re- 
searches when Frederick William was_ born. 
The son was a student at Hobart and Rutgers 
colleges, studied medicine and law in Geneva, 
N.Y., and removed with his mother to Newark, 
N.J., in 1845, where he conducted a classical 
school, 1847-59. He was also librarian of the New- 
ark Library association, 1849-69 ; a member of the 
board of education of Newark, 1852-69, and its 
president, 1867-69 ; state superintendent of the 
public schools of New Jersey, 1860-63 ; sheriff of 
Essex county, N.J., 1865-67; mayor of Newark, 
N.J., 1870-73; associate judge of the county 
court, 1875-79, and librarian of the New Jersey 
Historical society for many years. The honorary 
degree A.M. was conferred upon him by Rutgers 
in 1845, and by the College of New Jersey in 
1861. He edited several volumes of The Colonial 
Documents of New Jersey published by the his- 
torical society, and is the author of : History of 
Rome (1852); An English Grammar (1853); Life 


[475] 


RIDDLE 


of Madame de Longueville, from the French of 
Victor Cousin (1854); The Henriade, from the 
French of Voltaire (1859); English Songs from 
Foreign Tongues (1879); The Self-Tormentor, from 
the Latin of Terentius, with more English Songs 
(1885), and compiled the greater part of the 
volume treating of New Jersey in ‘ Memorial 
History of New York.” He had in manuscript at 
his death another translation of Terentius, a col- 
lection of original poems, and more Songs from 
Foreign Tongues, and had in preparation The 
Governors of New Jersey and History of New 
Jersey. He died in Newark, N.J., Aug. 12, 1897. 

RIDDLE, Albert Gallatin, author and repre- 
sentative, was born in Monson, Mass., May 28, 
1816; son of Thomas and Minerva (Merrick) Rid- 
dle. He removed with his parents to Geauga 
county, Ohio, in 1817; received a common school 
education, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. 
He was married, Jan. 22, 1845, to Caroline C., 
daughter of Judge Barton F. Avery of Chardon, 
Ohio. Mr. Riddle practiced law at Chardon, was 
prosecuting attorney of Geauga county, 1840-46 ; 
a representative from Trumbull and Geauga 
counties in the state legislature, 1848-50, and or- 
ganized the first Free Soil convention in the 
state. He removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1850; 
was prosecuting attorney in 1856; defended the 
Oberlin slave rescuers in 1859, and was a Repub- 
lican representative from the nineteenth Ohio 
district in the 87th congress, 1861-63, where he 
advocated the arming of slaves, and the abolition 
of slavery in the District of Columbia. He was 
U.S. consul at Matanzas, 1863-64, and settled in 
Washington, D.C., in 1864, where he practised law. 
He was largely instrumental in restoring the 
friendship of Secretary Chase and the President, 
and in thus securing the re-nomination of Lincoln 
in 1864. He wasretained by thestate department 
to aid in the prosecution of John H. Surratt 
for the murder of President Lincoln; was law- 
officer of the District of Columbia, 1877-99, and 
was in charge of the law department of Howard 
university for several years. He is the author 
of : Students and Lawyers (1873); Bart Ridgely, 
a Story of Northern Ohio (1873); The Portrait, 
a Romance of Cuyahoga Valley (1874); Alice 
Brand, a Tale of the Capitol (1875); Life, Charac- 
ter, and Public Services of James A. Garfield 
(1880); The House of Ross (1881); Castle Gregory 
(1882); Hurt and his Bear (1883); The Sugar 
Makers of the West Woods (1885); The Hunter of 
the Chagrin (1882); Mark Loan, a Tale of the 
Western Reserve (1883); Old Newberry, and the 
Pioneers (1884); Speeches and Arguments (1886); 
Life of Benjamin F. Wade (1886); The Tory’s 
Daughter (1888); Recollections of War Times 
1860-65 (1895). He died in Washington, D.C., 
May 15, 1902. 


RIDDLE 


RIDDLE, David Hunter, educator, was born 
in Martinsburg, Va., April 14, 1805; son of Wil- 
liam and Susanna (Nourse) Riddle ; grandson of 
James Riddle (a native of Donegal, Ireland) and 
of James and Sarah (Fouace) Nourse, and a des- 
cendant through his maternal grandfather from 
a Huguenot family (Fouace) driven from Caen, 
Normandy, in 1685. He was graduated from Jef- 
ferson college, Pennsylvania, 1823, and from 
Princeton Theological seminary in 1828; was or- 
dained by the presbytery of Winchester, Dee. 4, 
1828, and was pastor of the Kent Street church, 
Winchester, Va., 1828-33; of the Third church, 
Pittsburg, Pa., 1833-57, and of the First Reformed 
Dutch church, Jersey City, N.J., 1857-62. He 
was president and professor of mental and moral 
science at Jefferson college, 1862-65; professor of 
mentaland moral science, 1865-68 ; pastor at the 
college church, Canonsburg, Pa., 1863-68, and 
pastor at Martinsburg, W. Va., 1868-79. He was 
married in 1828 to Elizabeth, daughter of the 
Rev. Matthew and Mary (Blaine) Brown of Can- 
onsburg, Pa. The honorary degree of D.D. was 
conferred on him by Marshall college, Penn- 


sylvania, in 1843, and that of LL.D. by Rutgers — 


college, New Jersey, in 1863. He died in Martins- 
burg, West Va., July 16, 1888. 

RIDDLE, George, elocutionist, was born in 
Charlestown, Mass., Sept. 22, 1851 ; son of Edward 
and Charlotte (Cutter) Riddle; grandson of 
James and Mary (Gray) Riddle and of Edward 
and Elizabeth (Nutting) Cutter. He was pre- 
pared for college at the Chauncy Hall school in 
Boston, and was graduated at Harvard in 1874. 
He made his first appearance as a reader in Bos- 
ton in 1874, and his début as an actor at Norwich, 
Conn., in December, 1874, as Romeo, which réle— 
he played the following year in Boston, Mass., 
supported by Mrs. Thomas Barry and a stock 
company. He afterward played Titus to the 
Brutus of Edwin Booth; was subsequently en- 
gaged as a member of the Boston Museum stock 
company, which was followed by an engagement 
as leading juvenile of a Montreal stock company, 
and by a season at the Chestnut Street theatre, — 
Philadelphia, Pa. He was an instructor in elocu- 
tion at Harvard, 1878-81, and appeared in the 
title réle of ‘‘ GEdipus Tyrannus” of Sophoclesat— 
Harvard in May, 1881, which was the first pro-— 
duction in the United States of a Greek play in the 
original. He gave Shakespearean and other read- 
ings in the principal cities in the United States 
after 1881, the most successful of which were 
‘*Midsummer-Night’s Dream” with Mendels-_ 
sohn’s music, and ‘‘Hamlet ” and ‘‘ Macbeth”. 
He contributed to the newspaper press and the 
Youth’s Companion and edited : ‘‘ George Riddle’s 
Readings” (1889), and ‘* A Modern Reader an 
Speaker ” (1899), 


|476] 


| 


P 
' eal 





RIDDLE 

















































RIDDLE, George Read, senator, was born in 
Neweastle, Del., in 1817; a descendant of George 
Read, the signer. He was educated at Delaware 
college, studied engineering, and was engaged in 
locating and constructing railroads and canals in 
Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, 
1840-48. He was admitted to the Delaware bar 
in 1848 ; settled in practice in Neweastle ; served 
as deputy attorney-general of Newcastle coun ty, 
1848-50 ; was a commissioner to retrace Mason 
and Dixon’s line in 1849 ; a Democratic represent- 
_ ative from Delaware in the 32d and 83d congresses, 
1851-55, and was defeated for the 34th congress 
‘in 1854. He was chairman of the committee on 
_ engraving and of the special committee on the 
Peruvian Guano question in the 82d and 33d 
congresses. He was a delegate to the Demo- 
cratic national conventions of 1844, 1848 and 
1856, and was elected to the U.S. senate in 1864, 
A to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
James A. Bayard, serving from Feb. 2, 1864, until 
his death in Washington, D.C., March 29, 1867. 
RIDDLE, Matthew Brown, educator, was 
born in Pittsburg, Pa., Oct. 17, 1836; son of 
David Hunter (q.v.) and Elizabeth Blaine 
(Brown) Riddle; grandson of the Rev. Matthew 
_ (q.v.) and Mary (Blaine) Brown ; great-grandson 
of Matthew Brown, a Revolutionary soldier, and 
-great?-grandson of John Brown, whose father, 
John Brown of Priesthill, Scotland, the martyr 
-covenanter, known as the “ Christian Carrier,” 
was shot in 1685 by Graham of Claverhouse, at 
-Priesthill, in the presence of his wife and little 
son, John. Mr. Riddle was graduated from 
Jefferson college, A.B., 1852, A.M., 1855, and 
from the New Brunswick Theological seminary 
in 1859. He was adjunct professor of Greek at 
Jefferson college, 1857-58 ; was licensed to 
ach, May 26, 1859, and served during the civil 
war as chaplain of the 2d regiment of New Jer- 
militia. He was married, Aug. 21, 1862, to 
Anna M. Walther of Heidelberg, Germany. He 
s pastor at Hoboken, N.J., 1862-65; Newark, 
., 1865-68; professor of New Testament ex- 
sat Hartford Theological seminary, 1871-87, 
professor of New Testament exegesis at 
ern Theological seminary, Allegheny, Pa., 
1887. He was an original member of the 
ican Company for New Testament Revision 
71 and of the assembly’s committee for re- 
s the proof texts of Westminster Standards, 
also of the Committee for Revising the Con- 
sion of Faith (1890). The honorary degree of 
was conferred on him by Franklin and 
hall college in 1870, and by the College of 
Jersey at the Sesqui-centennial celebration 
§, and that of LL.D. by the Western Uni- 
-of Pennsylvania in 1894. He translated 
lited the epistles to the Romans, Galatians, 


@' 


RIDDLEBERGER 


Ephesians and Colossians in the American edition 
of Lange’s Commentary (1869, new edit., 1886) ; 
edited the gospels of Mark and Luke for the 
American edition of Meyer's commentary (1884) ; 
revised and edited Edward Robinson's ‘* Greek 
Harmony of the Gospels” (1885), and Robinson’s 
** English Harmony” (1886). He contributed to 
Schaff’s ‘* Popular Illustrated Commentary on the 
New Testament” (1878-83) ; and to Coxe’s edi- 


tion of the ‘‘ Ante-Nicene Fathers” (2 vols.), to 
Schaff’s ‘“‘ Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers ” (2 


vols.), and with the Rev. John E. Todd, prepared 
the notes on the International Sunday-School 
Lessons for the Congregational Publishing society 
of Boston, 1877-81 ; and from 1894 wrote on the 
Lessons from the New Testament in the Sunday 
School Times, Philadelphia. In 1903 he was one 
of the two surviving members of the American 
company who prepared the ‘Standard Edition 
of the Revised New Testament ” (1901) ; the other 
being Ex-President Timothy Dwight of Yale. 
RIDDLEBERGER, Harrison Holt, senator, 
was born in Edinburg, Va., Oct. 4, 1844; son of 
Madison and Susan (Shryock) Riddleberger and 
grandson of Jacoband Amelia (Heiskel) Shryock, 
He studied under a private tutor, and in March, 
1862, raised a company for the Confederate army 
and entered the service as 2d lieutenant of in- 
fantry. He took part in the Richmond, Mary- 
landand Pennsylvania campaigns ; was promoted 
captain, and transferred to the cavalry ; was cap- 
tured, and held asa prisoner of war from July, 
1864. He returned to Edinburg in April, 1865, 
where he became editor of The Tenth Legion 
Banner. He married Nov. 29, 1866, Emma V., 
daughter of Peter and Elizabeth(Samuels) Belew 
of Edinburg. He represented Shenandoah county 
in the Virginia legislature, 1871-75. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1875, and settled in practice 
in Woodstock. He served as commonwealth’s 
attorney for Shenandoah county, 1876-80 ; was a 
presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 
1876, and on the Readjuster ticket in 1880; a 
member of the Virginia senate, 1876-81, where he 
served as chairman of the committee on Federal 
relations, and as a member of that on courts of 
justice. He became editor of the Virginian, a 
Republican newspaper, published in Woodstock 
in 1881, having previously edited the Shenandoah 
Democrat. He was elected to the United States 
senate in 1881, and served in that body, 1883-89, 
all of the time as chairman of the committee on 
manufactures, and asa member of the committee 
on naval affairs, on the District of Columbia and 
on education and labor. He labored actively for 
the rejection of the proposed extradition treaty 
with Great Britain, for which he received resolu- 
tions of thanks from Irish societies of the United 
States. He died in Woodstock, Va., Jan. 24, 1890. 


[477] 


RIDEING 


RIDEING, William Henry, editor, was born 
in Liverpool, Eng., Feb. 17, 1853 ; son of William 
and Emma Rideing. Losing both parents early 
in boyhood, he joined relatives in Chicago, where 
he remained until 1870. In 1870 he procured 
temporary employment as secretary to Samuel 
Bowles, editor of the Springfield (Mass.) Repub- 
lican, and held for long periods editorial posi- 
tions on the Newark (N.J.) Journal and the Boston 
Journal. He was an assistant editor of the New 
York Tribune from 1871-74, and for two years 
(1875-77) was special correspondent of the New 
York Times with the Wheeler exploring expedi- 
tion. In that capacity he traveled about 4,006 
miles in the saddle through the then unsettled 
regions of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and 
Nevada. He became associate editor of the 
Youth’s Companion in 1881, a position which he 
still retained in 1903, and in 1888 was made mana- 
ging editor of the North American Review without 
interrupting his relations with the Companion. 
He was married in March, 1887, to Margaret 
Elinor, daughter of C. E. and Ellen Backus of 
Worcester, Mass. He is the author of : American 
Authors (1875); A Saddle in the Wild West (1879) ; 
The Alpenstock (1879); Boys Coastwise (1884); 
Young Folk’s History of London (1884); A Little 
Upstart, a novel (1885); Thackeray’s London 
(1885); Boyhood of Living Authors (1887); In the 
Land of Lorna Doone (1895); The Captured Cru- 
sader (1896); Boyhood of Famous Authors (1897) ; 
Boys in the Mountains and on the Plains; At 
Hawarden with Mr. Gladstone, and many con- 
tributions to periodicals. 

RIDGAWAY, Henry Bascom, clergyman and 
educator, was born in Talbot county, Md., Sept. 
7, 1880; son of James and Mary (Jump) Ridga- 
way, and grandson of Thomas Ridgaway and of 
Alumleis Jump. He was graduated from Dick- 
inson college, Carlisle, Pa., A.B., 1849; admitted 
to the Baltimore conference of the Methodist 
Episcopal church, 1850, and was married, Feb. 22, 
1855, to Rosamond, daughter of Merritt and Rosa- 
mond (Cushman) Caldwell of Carlisle, Pa. He 
labored in Maryland ; was pastor of High Street 
church, Baltimore, 1855-57; Portland, Maine, 
1858-60; St. Paul’s church, New York city and 
vicinity, and in Cincinnati, 1860-80. He was 
professor of historical theology in Garrett Bibli- 
cal institute, Evanston, Ill., 1882-84, and held 
the presidency and professorship of practical 
theology there from 1884 until his death. He 
received from Dickinson the degree of D.D. in 
1868 and that of LL.D. in 1889. His travels in- 
cluded a trip to the Holy Land, 1873-74, and one 
around the world in which he was accompanied 
by his wife, 1892-98. The first is partly described 
in The Lord’s Land: A Narrative of Travels in 
Sinai and Palestine (1876). His other publica- 


RIDGELY 


tions include the biographies of : Alfred Cookman 
(1871); Bishop Edward S. Janes (1882); Bishop 
Beverly Waugh (1883); Bishop Matthew Simpson 
(1885). He died in Evanston, Ill., March 30, 1895. 

RIDGELEY, Charles Goodwin, naval officer, 
was born in Baltimore, Md., in 1784. He was 
warranted midshipman, U.S.N., Oct. 19, 1799; 
served in the Tripolitan war under Preble, 1804- 
05, and was the recipient of a sword and a vote 
of thanks for gallantry. He was commissioned 
leutenant, Feb. 2, 1807; master commandant, 
July 24, 1813, and captain, Feb. 28, 1815. He 
commanded the brig Jefferson on Lake Ontario, 
in 1814, and the Erie and Independence in the 
Mediterranean squadron, 1815-17, and served as 
flag officer of the West Indian squadron, 1827-30, 
engaged in protecting the commerce of the Uni- 
ted States and in suppressing piracy. He com- 
manded the navy yard at Brooklyn, N.Y., 1832- 
39, and was flag officer, Brazil squadron, 1840-42, 
He died in Baltimore, Md., Feb. 8, 1848. 

RIDGELY, Charles, governor of Maryland, 
was born in Baltimore, Md., Dec. 6, 1760; son of 
John and Achsah (Ridgely) Holliday Carman ; 
grandson of Charles Carman of Reading, Eng- 
land, and of Col. Charles Ridgely. He was 
baptized Charles Ridgely Carman, but was 
adopted by his uncle, Capt. Charles Ridgely, 
whose fortune he inherited in 1790, on condi- 
tion that he should assume his name. He was 
married, Oct. 17, 1782, to Priscilla, daughter of 
Caleb and Priscilla (Still) Dorsey of Howard 
county, Md. He was a member of the Maryland 
senate, brigadier-general of the 11th Maryland 
brigade in 1794, and governor of Maryland, 1815, 
1816 and 1817. He was the owner of 400 slaves, 
all of whom became free by the terms of his 
will. He died at Hampton, Baltimore county, 
Md., July 17, 1829. 

RIDGELY, Daniel Boone, naval officer, was 
born near Lexington, Ky., Aug. 1, 1813. He was 
warranted midshipman, U.S.N., April 1, 1828, 
promoted passed midshipman, June 14, 1834, and 
commissioned leutenant, Sept. 10, 1840. He 
served on the sloop Albany during the Mexican 
war, and _ wit- 
nessed the bom- 
bardment and 
capture of Vera 
Cruz, and the 
other Mexican = 7% 
ports; was at- 
tached to the 
United States ~ 
naval observa- 
tory, Washing- 
ton, D.C., 1850- 
52; to the sloop Germantown in the West Indies in 
1854; was promoted commander, Sept. 14, 1855; 





» ULS.S. POWHATAN. 


[478] 








RIDGELY 

















































commanded the Atalanta on the Paraguayan ex- 

pedition, 1857-58; the Santiago de Cuba in the 

West Indies, 1861-63. where he was successful in 

capturing several blockade runners; was pro- 
moted captain, July 16, 1862, and commanded the 
Shenandoah in the bombardments of Fort Fisher, 
December, 1864, and January, 1865. He com- 
manded the Powhatan of the Pacific squadron 
from 1865, until transferred to the Lancaster in 
1867. He was promoted commodore, July 25, 
1866, and was a member of the board of naval 

_ examiners at Philadelphia, Pa., 1867-68. He died 
in Philadelphia, Pa., May 5, 1868. 

RIDGELY, Henry Moore, senator, was born 
in Dover, Del., in 1778; son of Dr. Charles 
Ridgely (1738-85). He was admitted to the bar, 
and engaged in practice in Dover, He was mar- 
ried to Sally Ann, daughter of Gov. Cornelius P. 

and Ruhamah (Marim) Comegys of Kent county, 
Del. He was a Federalist representative from 
Delaware in the 12th and 13th congresses, Nov. 4, 
- 1811, to March 2, 1815, and was elected to the 
U.S. senate to fill the vacancy caused by the 
death of Nicholas Van Dyke, serving from Jan, 
23, 1827, to March 3, 1829. He died in Dover, 
Del., Aug. 7, 1847. 

RIDGELY, Nicholas, jurist. was born in 
Dover, Del., Sept. 30, 1762; son of Dr. Charles 
Ridgely (1738-1785), a native of Dover, who 
_ practised medicine there, 1758-85 ; frequently sat 
in the Delaware legislature after 1765; was pre- 
siding judge of the court of common pleas of 
_ Kent county, and previous to the Revolutionary 
. war, of the quarter sessions, and was a delegate 
_to the convention that framed the state constitu- 
tion in 1776. Nicholas received a liberal educa- 
tion, and engaged in the practice of law in Dover, 
1783-1801. He served as attorney-general of the 
s fate, as a representative in the state legislature, 
a das chancellor of the state of Delaware, 1801- 
30. He died in Georgetown, Del., April 1, 1880. 

RIDGWAY, Robert, ornithologist, was born in 
Mount Carmel, Ill., July 2, 1850; son of David 
Henrietta James (Reed) Ridgway, and grand- 
of Richard and Sarah Ridgway and of Joseph 
Eliza (Bell) Reed. He was educated in 
the public schools, and at an early age turned his 
attention to natural history. He served as zodlo- 
gist to the U.S. geological exploration of the 
40th parallel under Clarence King in California, 
Nevada, southern Idaho, and Utah, 1867-69 ; was 
upied chiefly with government work, 1869-80, 
was curator of the ornithological division of 
.S. National museum from July 1, 1880. 
as married, Oct. 12, 1875. to Julia Evelyn, 
hter of Horace and Elizabeth (Nichols) Per- 
of New York city. He was one of the 
ders of the American Ornithologists’ union 
83 ; its vice-president, 1883-98, and its pres- 


> 


RIDPATH 


ident, 1899-1900. He received the degree M.S., 
from the Indiana State university in 1884; wasa 
member of the permanent ornithological com- 
mittee of the first international congress at 
Vienna in 1885, and an honorary member of the 
second congress Ornithologique International at 
Budapesth in 1891. He became a corresponding 
member of the Zodlogical society of London, and 
of the Academies of Science of New York. Dav- 
enport, Ia., and Chicago, Ill.; a foreign member 
of the British Ornithologists’ union ; an honorary 
member of the Nuttall Ornithological club of 
Cambridge, Mass., the Brookville, Ind., Society of 
Natural History, the Ridgway Ornithological 
club of Chicago, Ill., and a member of the com- 
mittee of patronage of the International Con- 
gress of Zodlogy at London. He published more 
than 200 descriptive papers of new species and 
races of American birds, many of which ap- 
peared in the ‘‘ Proceedings of the U.S. Na- 
tional Museum”; several catalogues of North 
American and other birds contained in the mu- 
seum, and is the joint author with Professor 
Spencer F. Baird and Dr. Thomas M. Brewer of : 
A History of Northern American Birds (3 vols., 
1874), and of The Water Birds of North America 
(2 vols., 1884), in which he wrotea large portion of 
the technical parts. He also published: Report 
on Ornithology of the Fortieth Parallel (A877) ; A 
Nomenclature of Colors for Naturalists (1886) ; 
Manual of North American Birds (1887) ; The 
Ornithology of Illinois (2 vols., 1889-1895), and 
The Birds of North and Middle America (8 vols., 
1901). 

RIDPATH, John Clark, educator, was born in 
Putnam county, Ind., April 26, 1840; son of 
Abraham and Sarah (Matthews) Ridpath of 
Montgomery county, Va.; grandson of John and 
Mary (Cox) Ridpath and of Anderson and Naomi 
(Heavin) Matthews, and a descendant of the 
Ridpaths of Berwick-on-Tweed and of Samuel 
Matthews, colonial governor of Virginia. He at- 
tended the common schools ; engaged in teaching 
school and in tutoring, to assist in defraying the 
expense of a college education, and was graduated 
from Indiana Asbury (DePauw) university, A.B., 
1863, A.M., 1866. He was married, Dec. 21, 1862, 
to Hannah Roxana, daughter of Ebenezer and 
Elizabeth (Sill) Smythe of Greencastle, Ind. He 
wasinstructor in languages at the academy at 
Thorntown, Ind., 1862-64; principal of the acad- 
emy, 1864-66; professor of languages in Baker 
university, Baldwin city, Kan., in 1866, and prin- 
cipal of the public schools in Lawrenceburg, Ind., 
1867-69. He was professor of English literature 
and normal instruction in Indiana Asbury uni- 
versity, 1869-71; professor of belles-lettres and 
history, 1871-79, and vice-president, 1879-81. He 
secuted the DePauw endowment from Washing- 


[479] 


RIGGS 


ton C, DePauw for the university, which adopted 
its patron’s name in 1882; continued there as 
vice-president and professor of history and _poli- 
tical economy, 1882-85, and from the latter year 
until his death, devoted himself to literary work. 
He was defeated as a Democratic candidate for 
representative in congress from Indiana in 1896. 
He received the degree LL.D. from Syracuse 
university in 1880; was associate editor of the 
‘* People’s Cyclopedia ”’, 1879-95 ; edited the Arena 
at Boston, Mass., 1897-98; was literary director 
of the Jones Brothers Publishing company, 1898- 
1900, and compiled the Library of Universal 
Literature (1898). He is the author of : Aca- 
demic History of the United States (1874-75); 
Grammar School History of the United States 
(1876); Popular History of the United States 
(1877); Inductive Grammar of the English Lan- 
guage (1879) ; Monograph on Alexander Hamilton 
(1880) ; Life and Work of Garfield (1881); Cyclo- 
peedia of Universal History (4 vols., 1880-85) ; 
Monograph on the Trial of Guiteaw (1882) ; 
Monograph on the Epoch of Integration (1883) ; 
History of Texas (1884) ; Monograph on History 
and Historical Study (1885) ; Life and Work of 
W. C. De Pauw (unpublished, 1888); Great Races 
of Mankind (4 vols., 1888-94); Monograph on 
Beyond the Sierras (1888) ; Monograph on the True 
Evolution (1889) ; Monograph on the Citizen Sol- 
dier (1890) ; Monograph on the Man in History 
(1892) ; Monograph on the Suppression of the In- 
tellectual Life (1892); Christopher Columbus, the 
Epoch, the Man, and the Work (unpublished, 1892); 
Columbus and Columbia (1893); The Life and 
Work of James G. Blaine (1893) ; Epicof Life, a 
poem (18938); Famous Paintings of the World 
(1894) ; Life and Memoirs of Bishop William 
Taylor (1894-95) ; Napoleon Bonaparte (1895), 
and The Life and Times of William E. Gladstone. 
He died in New York city, July 31, 1900. 
RIGGS, Elias, linguist and missionary, was 
born in New Providence, N.J., Nov. 19, 1810; son 
of the Rev. Elias Riggs, College of New Jersey, 
A.B., 1795, A.M., 1798, and pastor of the Presby- 
terian church at New Providence, N.J., 1807-25. 
Elias, jr., was graduated at Amherst, A.B., 1829, 
A.M., 1832, and at Andover Theological seminary 
in 1882. He was ordained to the Congregational 
ministry, Sept. 20, 1832; and was a foreign mis- 
sionary at Athens, Greece, 1832-34; Argos, Greece, 
1834-88: Smyrna, Turkey, 1838-53, and Constan- 
tinople, Turkey, 1853-56. He visited the United 
States in 1856; served as instructor in sacred 
literature at Union Theological seminary, 1857- 
58; declined a professorship there, and returned 
to Constantinople, where he worked, 1858-1901. 
He was an expert linguist, and a member of the 
committees that translated the Scriptures into 
the Turkish language, the translation being pub- 


[480] 


RIGGS 


lished in 1878, and their revised work in i886, 
He received the degree D.D. from Hanover col- 
lege, Ind., in 1853, and LL.D. from Amherst in 
1871. He is the author of: A Manual of Chaldee 
Language, ete. (1832, rev. ed., 1858); The Young 
Forester, a Brief Memoir of the Early Life of the 
Swedish Missionary Fjelstedt (1840) ; Translation 
of the Scriptures into the Modern Armenian Lan- 
guage (1853); Grammatical Notes on the Bulgarian 
Language (1844) ; Grammar of the Modern Ar- 
menian Language with a Vocabulary (1847, 2d. 
ed., 1856) ; Grammar of the Turkish Language 
as written in the Armenian Character (1871); 
Translation of the Scriptures into the Bulgarian 
Language (1871) ; Suggested Emendations of the 
Authorized English Version of the Old Testament 
(1873) ; A Harmony of the Gospels in Bulgarian 
(1880) ; Suggested Modifications of the Revised 


Version of the New Testament (1883); A Bible — 


Dictionary in Bulgarian (1884); and many minor 
publications including, tracts, hymns, and col- 
lections of hymns in the Greek, Armenian and 
Bulgarian languages. He died in Constantinople, 
Turkey, Jan. 17, 1901. 

RIGGS, John Davis Seaton, educator, was 
born in Washington, Pa., Jan. 29, 1851; son of 
Edward and Charlotte Ann (Seaton) Riggs, and 
grandson of John and Mary (Phillips) Riggs, and 
of George Clark and Esther (Shotwell) Smith 
Seaton. His early education was received in the 
public schools of Rockford, Ill. He wasastudent 
at Shurtleff college from April, 1867, until De- 
cember, 1868; then attended the University of 
Chicago, one term; engaged in business at Rock- 
ford, Ill., 1869--75 ; was graduated from the Uni- 
versity of Chicago, A.B., 1878, A.M., 1881, and was 
principal of the commercial department of Salt 
Lake academy, Utah, 1878--79. He was married, 
Sept. 2, 1879, to Mary Esther, daughter of Osborn 
and Amanda (Rice) Chaney of Rockford, Ill. He 
was principal of the preparatory department of 
the University of Chicago, 1879-86; joint princi- 
pal of the University academy, Chicago, 1886-87 ; 
organized and was principal of the Granville 
(Doane) academy, Denison university, Ohio, 1887- 
96, and in the latter year was elected president of 
Ottawa university, Kansas. He was madea mem- 
ber of the state board of education of Kansas; 
president of the Kansas College Presidents’ as- 
sociation, and a corresponding member of the 
Kansas State Historical society. The degree of 
Ph.D. was conferred on him by the University of 
South Dakota in 1890, upon the completion of a 
course in general literature and the presentation 
of a thesis on ‘‘ Satire in Reform”, and the hon- 
orary degree of L.H.D. was conferred upon him 
by Ewing college, Illinois, in 1901. He is the 
author of: In Latinum (Ceesar) (1890), and In 
Latinum (Cicero) (1892). 











We ents Sa 












































RIGGS 


RIGGS, Kate Douglas Wiggin, author, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 28, 1859 : daughter 
of Robert Noah and Helen (Dyer) Smith; grand- 
daughter of Jones and Lydia (Knight) Dyer, and 


Maine. She spent 
her childhood in Hol- 
lis, Maine; attended 
Abbot academy, An- 
dover, Mass.. and in 
1876 removed to Los 
Angeles, Cal., where 
she studied kinder- 
gartening, and after 
teaching in Santa 
Barbara college for a 
year, she organized 
in San Francisco the 
first free kindergar- 
tens for poor chil- 
dren on the Pacific 
slope in 1878, and 
in 1880, with her sister, Nora Archibald Smith, 
arted a training school in connection with them. 
ee married i 1880 to Samuel Bradley Wig- 
gin of San Francisco, and removed in 1888 to 
New York city, where Mr. Wiggin died the fol- 
ij wing year. In 1895 she was married to George 
Christopher Riggs, but continued to write under 
the name of Kate Douglas Wiggin. Her published 
worksinclude: The Birds’ Christinas Carol (1886) ; 
Kindergarten Chimes (1888); A Summer in a 
Cajon (1889) ; The Story of Patsy (1889) ; Timothy's 
Quest (1890); Polly Oliver's Problem (1893); A 
Cathedral Courtship and Penelope's English Ex- 
periences (1893); The Village Watch-Tower (1895): 
Marm Lisa (1896); Penelope’s Progress (1898); 
Besstope's Experiences in Ireland (1901); The 
D ary of a Goose-Girl (1902). She also wrote in 
boration with her sister, The Story Hour 
); Children’s Rights (1892), and The Repub- 
yf Childhood (3 vols., 1895-96); and edited 
1 her two volumes of poetry for children and 
ng people, Golden Numbers and the Posy 
(1902). She also set to music Nine Love 
and a Carol (1896). 

IGGS, Stephen Return, missionary, was born 
Steubenville, Ohio, March 23, 1812; son of 
hen and Anna (Baird) Riggs; grandson of 
hand Hannah (Cook) Riggs and of Moses 
aird, and a descendant of Edward Riggs, who 
tled in Roxbury, Mass., in 1633. He was grad- 
d at Jefferson college, Canonsburg, Pa., 
, 1834; attended the Western Theological 


llicothe in April, 1837. He was married, 
. 16, 1837, to Mary Ann, daughter of Thomas 


of Noah and Hannah (Wheaton) Smith, all of ° 


RUS 


and Martha Arms (Taylor) Longley of Hawley, 
Mass. He was sent asa missionary among the 
Sioux Indians by the A.B.C.F.M. in 1837, and 
was stationed for a few months at the Lake Har- 
riet mission, near Fort Snelling. He associated 
with the Rev. T. S. Williamson at Lac-qui- 
Parle mission (1837-42), where he learned the 
Dakota language, and started and conducted a 
mission station at Traverse des Sioux (1848-46), 
returning to Lac-qui-Parle in the latter year. 
He was in charge of the Hazelwood mission near 
the mouth of the Yellow Medicine river, 1854-62, 
where he was aided by his son Alfred 
of Knox college. The Indian massacre under 
Little Crow, Aug. 18, 1862, forced him to flee 
with his family, and they reached St. Paul, Minn. 
He received the degree D.D. from Beloit col- 
lege, and that of LL.D. from Washington and 
Jefferson college in 1878. He published: The 
Dakota First Reading Book (with Gideon H. 
Pond, 1839); Wowapi Mitawa (1842); Dakota 

‘tuwoonspe or Dakota Lessons (1850); Dakota 
Vocabulary (1852); Tahkoo Wakan or the Gospel 
among the Dakotas (1869); The Bible in Dakota, 
with the Rev. T. S. Williamson (1879), and Mary 
and I, or Forty Years Among the Siowx (1880). 
He also edited: A Grammar and Dietionary of 
the Dukota Language, collected by the Members of 
the Dakota Mission (1852, which became Vol. 
IV of the Smithsonian Contributions; rev. ed., 
1883); and Hymns in the Dakota Language (1842), 
with the Rev. J. P. Williamson (1863, rev. ed.). 
He died in Beloit, Wis., Aug. 24, 1883. 

RIIS, Jacob August, author, was born at Ribe, 
Denmark, May 3, 1849: son of Niels Edward and 
Caroline (Lundholm) Riis. He was a student at 
the Latin school in 
his native place; 
learned the trade of 


,agraduate 


carpenter, and was 
married, March 5, 
1876, to Elizabeth 
Dorothea, daughter 
of Niels Nielsen of 
Herning, Denmark. 


In 1870 he removed 
to New York city, 
where he was em- 
ployed as police re- 
porter on the Tribune 
and the Sun, was in- 
strumental in estab- 
lishing small parks 
and playgrounds and in improving the condition 
of schools and tenement houses. He was secretary 
of the New York Small Parks commission and 
executive officer of the Good Government clubs, 
His published works, which immediately at- 
tained large circulation, include: How the Other 





[481] 


RIKER 


Half Lives (1890); The Children of the Poor 
(1892); Nibsy’s Christmas (1893); Out of Mulberry 
Street (1898); A Ten Years’ War (1900); The 
Making of an American (1901); The Battle with 
the Slum (1903), and numerous contributions to 
periodicals. 

RIKER, James, historian, was born in New 
York city, May 11, 1822; son of James and Eliza- 
beth (Van Arsdale) Riker; grandson of Daniel 
and Deborah (Leverick) Riker and of John and 
Mary (Crawford) Van Arsdale, and a descendant 
of Abraham and Grietie (Harmensen) Rycken 
(or de Rycke). In 16388 Abraham Rycken emi- 
grated from Holland to New York, where he re- 
ceived an allotment of land from Governor Kieft, 
and about 1642 he engaged in trade. James Riker 
was educated in Cornelius institute ; was principal 
of a public school in Harlem, N.Y., 1850-58, and 
was clerk in the office of the American Home 
Missionary society, 1858-63. He was employed 
in the U.S. revenue service, 1864-67, and from 
1869 until his death resided in Waverly, N.Y., 
where in 1885 he established a library and became 
its librarian. He was elected to membership in 
several historical and other societies, and is the 
author of: A Brief History of the Riker Family 
(1851); The Annals of Newtown (1852); Harlem: 
its Origin and Early Annals (1881); The Indian 


History of Tioga County in the Gazetteer of Tioga 


County (1888); A Dictionary of the First Settlers 
of New Netherlands Prior to the Year 1700, in 
preparation (1889), and many historical pam- 
phlets. He died in Waverly, N.Y., July 15, 1889. 

RILEY, Benjamin Franklin, clergyman and 
educator, was born in Pineville, Ala., July 16, 
1849 ; son of Enoch and Sophronia Irving (Autrey) 
Riley, and grandson of Jeremiah and Jane Riley, 
and of Alexander and Parthenia Autrey. He 
was graduated from Erskine college, 8.C., in 
1871; attended the Southern Baptist Theological 
seminary and Crozer seminary; was ordained to 
the Baptist ministry in 1872, and was pastor at 
Carlowville, Ala., in 1876; Albany, Ga., 1877-79 ; 
Opelika, Ala., 1879-84; editor of the Alabama 
Baptist, 1885, and pastor at Livingston, Ala., 
1884-88. He was married, June 21, 1876, to 
Emma, daughter of Dr. J. L. Shaw of Belleville, 
Ala. He was president of Howard college, Ala., 
1888-93 ; professor of English literature at the 
University of Georgia, 1893-1900, and pastor at 
Houston, Texas, from 1900. He received the de- 
gree of D.D. from the University of Alabama in 
1884, and from Erskine college in 1888 ; and was 
made a fellow of the Society of Science, Letters 
and Art, London, in recognition of his paper on 
“The Difficulty of Preserving Pure English in 
the United States,” read before that body, July 
19, 1898. His published works include: History 
of Conecuh County, Ala, (1884); Alabama as It 


RILEY 


Is (1888); History of Baptists of Alabama (18938): 
History of Baptists of the Southern States East 
of the Mississippi (1897); and numerous pamphlets 
and contributions to periodicals. 

RILEY, Bennett, soldier, was born in Alex- 
andria, Va., Nov. 27, 1787. He was appointed an 
ensign of rifles in the U.S. army, Jan. 19, 1813; 
was promoted lieutenant, March 12, 1813; served 
throughout the war of 1812; was promoted cap- 
tain, Aug. 6, 1818; major, Sept. 26, 1837; lieu- 
tenant-colonel, Dec. 1, 1839, and brevetted colonel 
for his services at Chakotta, in the Florida war, 
June 2, 1840. He commanded the 2d infantry 
at Vera Cruz, the 2d brigade of Twiggs’s division 
in the Mexican valley, and was brevetted briga- 
dier-general, U.S.A., April 18, 1847, for gallantry 
at Cerro Gordo, and major-general, Aug. 20, 1847, 
for Contreras. General Scott credited a certain 
victory for the American army to the bravery he 
displayed in battle. He was placed in command 
of the Pacific department, with headquarters at 
Monterey, Cal., in 1848, and was military governor 
of California from April to December, 1849, when 
the state constitution was adopted and Peter H. 
Burnett (q.v.) became governor. He was pro- 
moted colonel of the ist U.S. infantry, Jan. 31, 
1850, and died at Buffalo, N.Y., June 9, 1853. 

RILEY, Charles Valentine, entomologist, was 
born in London, Eng., Sept. 18, 1848. He attended 
the College of St. Paul, Dieppe, France, 1854-57, 
and a private school at Bonn, Prussia, 1857-60, 
He emigrated to America in 1860, and settled in 


Kankakee county, 
Ill., where he ob- 
tained employment 


on a stock farm. In 
1863 he removed to 
Chicago, Ill., and be- 
came a reporter on 
the Evening Journal, 
and later on the 
Prairie Farmer. He 
was editor of the en- 
tomological depart- 
ment of the latter 
paper, and ‘ became 
well known among 
the agriculturists of 
the west. He en- 
listed with the 184th Illinois volunteers in May, 
1864, and served until November, 1864, when 
he resumed his work with the Prairie Farmer. 





He was appointed first state entomologist of Mis- 


souri in 1868. He was chief of the United States 
entomological commission to study and solve the 
problem of the extinction of the Rocky Mountain 
grasshopper. After five years, having completed 


the work, the commission was discontinued. He 


was U.S. entomologist, 1878-79 and 1880-95, and 


[482] 


ce 


- 








RILEY 














































ob ought the division of entomology from an 
obscure position to one of prominence in the de- 
partment of agriculture. He was married in 
1878, to Emilie J. Gonzelman of St. Louis, Mo. 
He was an honorary member of the London 
Entomological society ; corresponding member 
of the French, Berlin, Swiss and Belgian ento- 
mological societies ; president of the Academy of 
Sciences of St. Louis, 1876-78; a fellow of the 
American Philosophical society, the American 
Pomological society, and the American Associa- 
tion for the Advancement of Science ; a member 
of the American Agricultural society ; the Asso- 
ciation of Scientific Agriculturists, and the Philo- 
sophical and Anthropological societies of Wash- 
ington; a founder and first president of the 
Entomological society, Washington ; president 
of the Association of Economic Entomologists, 
and a member or officer of many other foreign 
and domestic horticultural and agricultural 
bodies. The French government awarded him 
a gold medal in 1873, and the cross of the Legion 
of Honor, July 14,1889. He lectured before Cor- 
nell university: the Kansas State Agricultural 
society; the Missouri State university ; Wash- 
ington university, St. Louis, and the Lowell 
Institute, Boston. He received the honorary 
degrees A.M. from the Kansas State Agricultural 
college, 1872, and Ph.D. from Missouri State 
un iversity, 1873. He presented his collection of 
115,000 mounted specimens to the entomological 
department of the U.S. National Museum, of 
which institution he was honorary curator of 
insects. He is the author of: Reports on the 
Noxious, Beneficial and Other Insects of the State 
of Missowri (9 annual volumes, 1869-77) ; Potato 
s (1876) ; The Locust Plague in the United 
ates (1877) ; and Annual Reports as entomolo- 
gist of the department of agriculture, besides 
any articles, lectures and addresses in the lead- 
-entomological and agricultural magazines. 
He died in Washington, D.C., Sept. 14, 1895. 
RILEY, Franklin Lafayette, historian, was 
near Hebron, Lawrence county, Miss., Aug. 
868; son of Franklin Lafayette and Balsorah 
thersby) Riley ; grandson of Edward Miles 
ary (Shows) Riley and of Edward Duncan 
Elmira (McDaniel) Weathersby, and a de- 
dant of Edward Riley, who was born in 
caster county, Pennsylvania, about 1747. He 
s graduated from Mississippi college, A.B., 
, A.M., 1891; began teaching at the Hebron 
school, 1889; and was married at Clinton, 
, July 15, 1891, to Fanny Townes, daughter 
arles Henry Leigh of Cleburne, Texas. He 
fellow at Johns Hopkins, 1895-96, receiving 
h.D. degree there in 1896; was president of 
an College for Young Women, 1896-97, and 
1¢ professor of history at the University of 


RILEY 


Mississippi in 1897. He re-organized the Missis 
sippi Historical society and organized the Univer- 
sity Historical society in 1898; became secretary 
and treasurer of the former, and a member of 
other similar organizations. His published works 
include : Colonial Origin of New England Senates 
(1896); School History of Mississippi (1900); Trans- 
ition from Spanish to American Control in Mis- 
sissippt (1900); Deseriptive and Historical Sketch 
of Mississippi (1901); Extinct Towns and Villages 
of Mississippi (1902). He edited five volumes of 
the publications of the Mississippi Historical so- 
ciety, and contributed numerous historical articles 
to periodicals. 

RILEY, James Whitcomb, poet. was born in 
Greenfield, Ind., in 1853; son of Reubin Alex- 
ander and Elizabeth (Marine) Riley. He was 
educated in the public schools ; hopelessly studied 
law in his father’s office, then became a sign 
painter. He joined 
a traveling concert- 
wagon as advertiser, 
where he became 
proficient in impro- 
vising songs, and in 
1873 returned to 
Greenfield, where he 
commenced work on 
a county paper, and 
contributed verses to 
Indianapolis papers, 
most of which con- 
tributions were in the 
Hoosier dialect. He 
then went to Ander- 
son, Ind., and was on 
the editorial staff of the Democrat, and while there 
wrote a poem entitled ‘‘ Leonainie,” in imitation 
of Edgar A. Poe, to which he signed that poet's 
initials. The poem was published in the Dispatch 
of Kokomo, Ind., with editorial claim that it had 
been discovered on the fly-leaf of an old Ains- 
worth Dictionary. Reviewers at and 
abroad pronounced it genuine, and even when 
the name of the real author was disclosed, many 
critics maintained that it was Poe’s. In conse- 
quence of this hoax, Mr. Riley lost his position 
with the Anderson Democrat, but 
called to regular employment in the office of the 
Indianapolis Journal. He became known as the 
‘‘Hoosier poet”; subsequently engaged us a 
public reader, and published his first book under 
the pen-name of “Benj. F. Johnson of Boone.” 
He is the author of : The Old Swimmin’-Hole and 
*Leven More Poems (now Neighborly Poems) 
(1883); ‘ The Boss Girl’ and Other Sketches (1886) ; 
Afterwhiles (1887); Character Sketches and Poems 
(1887) ; Old-Fashioned Rosesin England (1888) ; 
Pipes o’ Pan at Zekesbury (1889) ; Rhymes of 





home 


was soon 


[483] 


RINEHART 


Childhood (1890); The Flying Islands of the 
Night (1891) ; Green Fields and Running Brooks 
(1892) ; Poems Here at Home (1892); An Old 
Sweetheart of Mine, republished (1892); Arma- 
zindy (1894) ; A Child-World (1896); Rubaiyat of 
Doc Sifers (1897); Home-Folks (1900) ; and The 
Book of Joyous Children (1902). He was never 
married. 

RINEHART, William Henry, sculptor, was 
born near Union Bridge, Carroll county, Md., 
Sept. 18, 1825. He attended school, worked on 
his father’s farm, and later was employed as 
assistant to a stonecutter in Carroll county. In 
1844 he was apprenticed to a marble-cutter in 
Baltimore, where his genius and application in- 
duced his employer to furnish him a studio on 
his premises. In 1855 he went to Italy and on 
his return in 1857, established a studio in Balti- 
more, but returned to Rome in 1858, from which 
city he made occasional visits to America. 
Among his best known figures are the bas- 
reliefs in marble, Night and Morning ; a fountain 
figure for the post office building at Washington, 
D.C.; two figures, Indian and Backwoodsman, to 
support the clock in the Hall of Representatives, 
Washington, D.C.; Hero and Leander; Indian 
Girl; St. Cecilia ; Sleeping Babes ; Woman of Sa- 
maria ; Christ ; Angel of Resurrection ; Antigone ; 

lymph; Clytie; Atalanta ; Latona and her 
Children ; Diana and Apollo; Endymion, and 
Rebecca. He also modelled the bronze statue, 
Love Reconciled with Death, placed in Green- 
mount cemetery, Baltimore, and completed the 
bronze doors of the capitol at Washington left 
unfinished by the death of Thomas Crawford. 
His statue of Chief-Justice Roger B. Taney was 
unveiled in Annapolis, Md.,in 1872. He diedin 
Rome, Italy, Oct. 28, 1874. 

RINGGOLD, Cadwalader, naval officer, was 
born in Washington county, Md., Aug. 20, 1802 ; 
son of the Hon. Samuel (q.v.) and Maria (Cad- 
walader) Ringgold. Hewas warranted midship- 
man in the U.S. navy, March 4, 1819; was at- 
tached to Commodore Porter’s fleet in the West 
Indies, 1823-24 ; was promoted leutenant, May 17, 
1828; commanded the brig Porpoise in Lieut. 
Charles Wilkes’s exploring expedition, 1838-42, in 
the discovery of the Antarctic continent and in 
the survey of the Pacific coast line of North 
America and of the South Sea Islands ; was pro- 
moted commander, July 16, 1849 ; served in Cali- 
fornia, 1849-51, and in the bureau of construction 
in the navy department, Washington, D.C., in 
1852. He was given command of the North Pa- 
cific exploring expedition, but was forced to 
return, owing to ill health, and was placed on the 
reserve list, Sept. 13, 1855. He was promoted 
captain, April 2, 1856; was returned to the active 
list ; served in Washington, D.C., 1859-60, and 


in Chestertown, 


RIORDAN 


commanded the frigate Sabine in 1861. He 
rescued a marine battalion and the crew of the 
Governor off Hatteras, while accompanying Du- 
Pont’s expedition to Port Royal, October, 1861 ; 
returned to the Brooklyn Navy yard for repairs, 


and furnished from his frigate men for Lieutenant 


od 


Worden’s crew for the iron-clad monitor, then | 


fitting out for Hampden Roads, Va. He was 
promoted commodore, July 16, 1862; was placed 
on the retired list, Aug. 20, 1864 ; was retired with 
the rank of rear-admiral, July 25, 1866, and died 
in New York city, April 29, 1867. 

RINGGOLD, Samuel, representative, was born 
Md., Jan. -15, 17703" sommes 
Thomas and Mary (Galloway) Ringgold ; grand- 
son of Thomas and Anna Maria (Earle) Ringgold, 
and of Samuel Galloway of Anne Arundel 
county, Md., and a descendant of Thomas Ring- 
gold who settled in Kent county, Md., with his 
sons John and James in 1650. He was educated 
under private tutors; was married, May 3. 1792. to 
Maria, daughter of Gen. John Cadwalader of 
Kent county. In 1792 he removed to his estate, 
‘Fountain Rock,” in Washington county, Md., 
where he built one of the finest mansions in the 
state, which became a part of the College of St. 
James, and finally a preparatory. school. 
a state senator for several years, and a Demo- 
cratic representative from Maryland in the 11th 
congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resig- 
nation of Roger Nelson (q.v.), being re-elected to 
the 12th, 13th, 15th and 16th congresses, serving, 
1810-15 and 1817-21. 
the White House, Washington, Marie Antoinette 


Hay. He died in Frederick city, Md., Oct. 18, 1829 _ 


RIORDAN, Patrick William, R.C. archbishop, 
was born in Chatham, New Brunswick, Aug. 


27, 1841; son of Matthew and Mary Riordan, 


He removed to Chicago, Ill., with his parents in 
1848, and was educated at the University of St. 
Mary’s of the Lake in that city and at the Uni- 
versity of Notre Dame, Ind. He was sent to the 


American college at Rome, Italy, to fit for the 


priesthood, but being attacked by the malaria, 
studied afterwards in Parisand Louvain, Belgium, 
from the University of which city he graduated 
in 1865. He was ordained priest at Mechlin, 


Belgium, June 10, 1865, by Cardinal Engelbert 
Stercks ; returned to Chicago, Ill., and was pro- 


fessor of ecclesiastical history and canon law and 
of dogmatic theology in St. Mary’s of the Lake 
Theological seminary, 1865-68. He engaged in 
missionary work as rector of the church at Wood- 


stock, Il., in 1868, and of St. Mary’s chureh in 


Joliet, Ill., 1868-71; was rector of St. James’s 
church, Chicago, Ill., 1871-83, where he extended 
the parochial schools under the charge of the 
Sisters of Mercy, and received notice of his ap- 
pointment as titular bishop of ‘‘ Cabasa” and 


[484] 


He was | 


He married secondly, at 











RIPLEY 













































padjutor with the right of succession to Arch- 
bishop Joseph S. Alemany of San Francisco. He 
ras consecrated bishop in St. James’s church, Chi- 
ago, Ill., Sept. 16, 1883, by Archbishop Feehan, 
wssisted by Bishops McCloskey of Louisville, Ky., 
ind Chatard of Vincennes, Ind. ; participated in 
he third plenary council of Baliithors ; succeeded 
o the archbishopric, Dec. 28, 1884, and to the 
allium, Sept. 20, 1885. 
RIPLEY, Christopher Gore, jurist, was born 
n Waltham, Mass., Sept. 6, 1822 ; son of the Rey. 
Samuel (Harvard, 1804) and Sarah Alden (Brad- 
rd) Ripley; grandson of the Rev. Dr. Ezra 
arvard, 1776) and Phebe (Emerson) Ripley ; 
at-grandson of the Rev. William and Phebe 
erson, and a direct descendant of William 
ley, who came from England, 1638, and of 
rnor Bradford of Plymouth colony. He was 
raduated from Harvard, A.B., 1841; studied 
rat Harvard Law school, and in the office of 
‘ranklin Dexter of Boston, and was admitted to 
we bar. In 1856 he settled at Chatfield, Minn., 
nd engaged in the real estate business with Ed- 
| Dexter, the firm being Dexter & Ripley, 
6-59. In 1859-62 he practised law in partner- 
hip with Henry R. Wells. He was elected chief 
ce of the supreme court of Minnesota in No- 
ember, 1869, serving from Jan. 7, 1870 to April 
1874, Rehan he resigned by reason of a stroke 
' paralysis. Soon after this he returned to 
achusetts and made his home in Concord, 
” until his death, which occurred at Con- 
ord, in November, 1881. 
RIPLEY, Eleazar Wheelock, soldier and rep- 
Rentativo, was born in Hanover, N.H., April 
, 1782; son of Sylvanus Ripley, and grand- 
phew of John Wheelock (q.v.), founder of Dart- 
outh college. His father (1750-1787) was 
aduated in the first class from Dartmouth, 
1771, A.M., 1773 ; was tutor there, 1772-82; 
s professor of theology, 1782-87, and a 
1775-87. He was graduated from Dart- 
A.B., 1800 ; was admitted to the bar, and 
actice in Waterville, Maine. He wasa 
tative in the Massachusetts legislature, 
serving as speaker in 1811; 
1 in 1812, and in the same year was 
1 senator in the Massachusetts legislature. 
ar of 1812 he joined the army as lieu- 
of the 21st infantry; was promoted col- 
March 12, 1818, taking partin the attack on 
Toronto), Canada, April 27, 1813, where he 
e times wounded ; was on frontier duty 
sri 14, 1814, when he was promoted brig- 
neral, and in command of the 2d brigade, 
b Brown's army, fought at the battle 
wa, July 5, 1814, and at Niagara, July 
ere he was again wounded. For his dis- 
ished services in these engagements he was 


removed to- 


RIPLEY 


brevetted major-general. He was prominent in 
the defence and sortie of Fort Erie, Aug. 15 and 
Sept. 17, 1814, being shot through the neck in 
the latter attack, and for his gallantry was pre- 
sented by congress with a gold medal, inscribed 
‘* Niagara, Chippewa, Erie.” After the war he 
was retained in the service, and superintended 
the erection of fortifications in the south-west 
until 1820, when he resigned, and took up the 
practice of law at Jackson, La. He was subse- 
quently a member of the Louisiana senate; a 
Jackson Democratic representative from Louis- 
iana in the 24th and 25th congresses, 
from 1835 until his death, which occurred the 
day before his term expired. His son, who 
served in the Texan army under Capt. James W. 
Fannin (q.v.), was captured and put to death at 
Goliad, Tex., March 27, 1836. General Ripley 
published an oration, delivered, July 4, 1805. He 
died in West Feliciana, La., March 2, 1839. 
RIPLEY, George, literary critic, was born in 
Greenfield, Mass., Oct. 8, 1802; son of Jerome 
Ripley, a prominent merchant, a representative in 
the state legislature and a justice of the court of 
sessions. He was graduated from Harvard col- 
lege, A.B., 1823, A.M., 
1826, and from the 
Harvard Divinity 
school in 1826; was a 
tutor at Harvard, 
1825-26, and was or- 
dained pastor of a 
new religious society 
in Boston, Mass., No- 
vember 8, 1826. He 
was married in 1826 
to Sophia Willard, 
daughter of Francis 
Dana of Cambridge, 
and in 1828 was ap- 
pointed pastor of the 
Unitarian church in 
Purchase street, Boston, Mass. In 1831 he went 
to Europe to study philosophy, returning to 
Boston in 1835, and in 1841 he resigned his charge 
and abandoned the ministry, devoting himself to 
the study of philosophy, and becoming deeply 
versed in the literature, theology and philosophy 
of German literature. Immediately on Jeaving 
the ministry, he began the Brook Farm experi- 
ment. The site chosen was a farm of 200 acres 
near Roxbury, Mass., and the society was known 
first as the ‘‘ Brook Farm Institute of Education 
and Agriculture,” but was later incorporated 
as the ‘“‘Brook Farm Phalanx.” The aim of 
the society was to establish an agricultural, 
literary and scientific school or college, where a 
true religious and moral life could be lived. 
Some of the members of the Phalanx were Eliza 


serving 





[485] 


RIPLEY 


Ostinelli, Henry D. Thoreau, Mrs. Abby Mor- 
ton Diaz, and W. F. Dwight. Part of the 
youthful days of George William Curtis, Nath- 
aniel Hawthorne, and Charles A. Dana were 
spent there. From 1841 to 1846 Ripley and his 
friends carried on their plan of brotherhood and 
co-operation, but finally public interest flagged, 
a fire consumed one of the largest buildings, the 
land proved unfertile and the scheme failed. 
Ripley removed to Flatbush, L.I., where his 
wife taught school, and in 1848 he went to New 
York city, where he was employed by Mr. Gree- 
ley as literary critic on the Tribune, a position 
ther unknown in the newspaper world, and which 
he held up to the time of his death. The hon- 
orary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by 
Lawrence university, Wis., in 1874, and by the 
University of Michigan in 1875. He edited The 
Dial in conjunction with Ralph Waldo Emerson 
and Margaret Fuller in 1840. He was manuscript 
reader for J. C. Derby & Co., 1853-54, and for 
Harper & Brothers, 1854-57; co-editor with Charles 
A. Dana of the ‘‘New American Cyclopedia” 
and the ‘‘ American Cyclopedia,” published by 
D. Appleton & Co., 1867-76; edited ‘‘ Specimens 
of Foreign Standard Literature ” (15 vols., 1838), 
popularly known among booksellers in 1840 as 
‘* Ripley’s Foreign Classics.” His emolument as 
royalty from the sale of the American Cyclopedia 
is said to have aggregated $100,000. He is the 
author of : Latest Forms of Infidelity (1840), and 
with Bayard Taylor, of Handbook of Literature 
and Fine Arts (1852). He died in New York city, 
July 4, 1880. 

RIPLEY, James Wolfe, soldier, was born in 
Windham, Conn., Dec. 10, 1794. He was grad- 
uated from the U.S. Military academy, and pro- 
moted 2d lieutenant of artillery, June 1, 1814; 
served during the war of 1812; in the defence of 
Sacket Harbor, N.Y., 1814-15; was on garrison 
duty, 1815-16 ; in the Seminole war, 1817-18, and 
as quartermaster up to 1821. He was promoted 
1st lieutenant, April 20, 1818, and was assigned 
to the 4th artillery, on the re-organization of the 
army, June 1, 1821. He was boundary commis- 
sioner of the Florida Indians reservation, 1823- 
24; on duty at the artillery school for practice, 
Fort Monroe, Va., 1826-28 ; was promoted captain 
of ordnance, May 30, 1832; was stationed in forts 
in Charleston harbor, 8.C., 1832-33; in command 
of Kennebec arsenal, Maine, 1833-42, and was pro- 
moted major of ordnance, July 7, 1838. He was 
superintendent of the Springfield armory, Mass., 
1841-54, and a member of the board of ordnance, 
Feb. 10 to March 6, 1847. He was _ brevetted 
lieutenant-colonel, May 30, 1848, for meritorious 
conduct, particularly in the performance of his 
duty in the prosecution of the war with Mexico ; 
was promoted leutenant-colonel of ordnance, 


[486] 


RIPLEY 


Dec. 31, 1854; was in command of the Water- 
town arsenal, Mass., 1854-35; chief of ordnance 
of the Pacific department, 1855-57 ; inspector of 
arsenals, 1857-60, and absent on special duty to 
Japan, 1860-61. He was promoted colonel and 
chief of ordnance, U.S.A., April 3, 1861; was 
brevetted brigadier-general, July 2, 1861; pro- 
moted brigadier-general and chief of ordnance, 
Aug. 8, 1861, and was chief of ordnance at Wash- 
ington, D.C., 1861-63. He was retired from active 
service, Sept. 15, 1863, serving as inspector of 
the armament of fortifications on the New Eng- 
land coast, 1863-70. He was brevetted major- 
general, March 13, 1865, for long and faithful ser- 
vices. He diedin Hartford, Conn., March 16, 1870, 

RIPLEY, Roswell Sabine, soldier, was born in 
Worthington, Ohio, March 14, 1823. He was 
graduated from the U.S. Military academy, and 
was brevetted 2d leutenant of 3d artillery, July 
1, 1843, serving on garrison duty, 1848-45, and as 
assistant professor of mathematics at the U.S. 
Military academy, 1845-46; was promoted 2nd 
lieutenant and assigned to the 2nd artillery, 
March 26, 1846; served on the coast survey, 
January-May, 1846; in the war with Mexico, 
1846-48, taking part in the battle of Monterey, 
September 21-26, 1846 ; was promoted 1st lieuten- 
ant, March 8, 1847 ; took part in the siege of Vera. 
Cruz, March 9-29, 1847; was brevetted captain, 
April 8, 1847, for gallant and meritorious conduet 
at the battle of Cerro Gordo; took part in the 
battles of Contreras, Aug. 19-20, 1847; Churu- 





' 
I 





busco, Aug. 20, 1847; Molino Del Rey, Sept. 8, 
1847, and in the assault and capture of the City — 
of Mexico, Sept. 13-14, 1847. He was brevetted — 

major, Sept. 13, 1847, for gallant and meritorious 
conduct in the battle of Chapultepec, Mex., and 

was aide-de-camp to Gen. G. J. Pillow, 1847-48. 
He took part in the Florida campaign against the 
Seminole Indians, 1849-50 ; was on garrison duty, 

1850-53, and resigned his commission in the 
army, March 2, 1853. He entered the Confeder-— 
ate army in 1861, was commissioned lieutenant- 
colonei, commanded the artillery on Sullivan’s 
Island, and directed the fire on Fort Sumter, 

April 138, 1861. He was appointed brigadier- 
general in April, 1861; was given command of 
the Department of South Carolina and its coast 
defences ; was in charge of the 2d military dis- 
trict of South Carolina, December, 1861-May, 

1862 ; commanded the 5th brigade, Hill’s division, 

army of Northern Virginia, under Gen. Robert” 
EK. Lee, in the seven days’ battles before Rich- 

mond, in the battles of Mechanicsville, Gaines’s 
Mill and Malvern Hill, June 26--July 1, 18625 
commanded a brigade, Hill’s division, Jackson’s 
command, in the Maryland campaign, and was 
wounded at Antietam, Sept. 16, 1862. He com- 
manded the first military district of South Caro- 


| 
































RISLEY 


ya, and superintended the placing of the bat- 
ries og the banks of the Stone river for the 
lefence of Charleston, which enabled the Con- 
r erates to cut off the retreat of and capture the 
‘ederal gun-boat Isaac Smith ; severely damaged 
he monitor Montauk, and repulsed the attack 
nade by the Federal fleet on Fort Sumter, April 
1863. He joined Lee’sarmy in Richmond, Va., 
eb. 17, 1865, and continued with him until the 
render of Appomattox Court House, April 9, 
365. After the war he resided in Paris for 
everal years, and on his return, engaged in bus- 
ess in Charleston, S.C. He is the author of: 
History of the Mexican War (2 vols., 1849). He 
lied in New York city, March 26, 1887. 
RISLEY, John Ewing, diplomatist, was born 
ear Vincennes, Knox county, Ind., in 1843 ; son 
f John and Susannah (Lenor) Risley ; grandson 
f John and Elizabeth (Harrod) Risley ; great- 
randson of Col. John Harrod, one of the first 
settlers in Kentucky, 
and a descendant of 
Richard Risley, who 
came from England 
in 1633 and settled at 
what is now Hart- 
ford, Connecticut. 
He received his early 
education in his na- 
tive place and was 
classically educated 
at Wabash college, 
Crawfordsville, and 
by private tutors. 
Removing to Terre 
Haute, he was ad- 
: mitted to the bar 
d practised successfully. He was married to 
wy Caroline, a sister of Senator Daniel W. 
ees. In 1864 he removed to New York city 
he became well known as a corporation 
and also for hisarguments in the Alabama 
$ cases, and other international courts. He 
his home in Summit, N.J., 1882-87, and in 
Rochelle, N.Y., after 1887. During the 
ntial campaign of 1884 he was active 
hout New Jersey. In 1885 he was an un- 
ul candidate for U.S. district attorney, 
in 1892 failed to secure the nomination for 
esentative in congress. In March, 1893, he 
pointed by President Cleveland U.S. envoy 
dinary and minister plenipotentiary to 
ik, which position he held until December, 
7 , when he was succeeded by Laurits 8S. Swen- 
(q.v.). 
RISLEY, Richard Voorhees, author, was born 
York city, Nov. 8, 1874; son of John 
and Mary Caroline (Voorhees) Risley. 
er (q.v.) was U.S. minister to Denmark, 


ee eee 8 ee SR 


’ gheny county, Pa., 1859-60. 


RITCHIE 


1893-97, and his mother a sister of Daniel W. 
Voorhees (q.v.), U.S. senator from Indiana. He 
attended school at New Rochelle, N.Y., and at 
Bethlehem, Pa. He went abroad in 1891 and be- 
came attached to the American legation at Den- 
mark in 1893, He lived subsequently in Paris 
and London, where he began his literary career. 
In 1896 he returned to New York city, where he 
continued his literary work. He is the author 
of: The Sentimental Vikings (1897); Men's Trag- 
edies (1899); The Sledge (1900); The Life of a 
Woman (1902), and contributions to The Yellow 
Book, London, and other periodicals. 

RITCHIE, Alexander Hay, artist, was born in 
Glasgow, Scotland, Jan. 14, 1822. He attended 
the Royal Institution where he studied painting 
under Sir William Allen, and in 1841 he emi- 
grated to Canada, and thence to the United 
States, settling in New York city. He was 
elected an associate of the National Academy of 
Design in 1863, and an Academician in 1871, and 
exhibited many paintings there. He became 
noted as an engraver on steel in mezzotint and 
stipple. Among his works in oil are: Mercy 
Knocking at the Gate (1860); Fitting out Moses 
Jor the Fair (1862); Death of Lincoln (1869); 
Baby, who’s that ? (1871); and his mezzotints, 
after his own paintings, include: Amos Kendall ; 
Mercy’s Dream (1850); Henry Clay (1848); Wash- 
ington and his Generals; George Washington, 
after a painting by Rothermel (1852); Lady 
Washington's Reception Day, after Daniel Hun- 
tington, and On the March to the Sea, after Felix 
O. C. Darley (1868). He died in New Haven, 
Conn., Sept. 19, 1895. 

RITCHIE, David, representative, was born at 
Canonsburg, Pa., Aug. 19, 1812; son of Craig 
Ritchie. He was graduated from Jefferson col- 
lege, Pa., in 1829; was admitted to the bar in 
1885 ; received the degree of J.U.D. from Heidel- 
berg university in 1837, and practised law at 
Pittsburg, Pa., 1835-53 and 1860-67. He was a 
Whig representative from Pennsylvania in the 
33d and 34th congresses, and a Republican repre- 
sentative in the 55th congress, serving, 1853-59. 
He was judge of the court of common pleas, A lle- 
He died at Pitts- 
burg, Pa., Jan. 24, 1867. 

RITCHIE, Robert, naval officer, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 21, 1798. He was war- 
ranted midshipman, U.S.N., Feb. 1, 1814; cruised 
in the Peacock of the Mediterranean squadron, 
1814-18, and in the Guerriere of the same squad- 
ron, 1819-20; served in Commodore Porter's fleet 
in the West Indies, 1823-24, and was promoted 
lieutenant, Jan. 13, 1825. Heserved in the West 
India and Mediterranean squadrons, 1827-31; 
commanded the Grampus on a cruise in the West 
Indies, 1838-35, and was on various duty, 1835- 


[487] 


RITNER 


40. He was promoted commander, Sept. 8, 1841; 
served on the Columbia of the Brazil squadron, 
1845-47; at the Philadelphia navy yard, 1848-51, 
and commanded the Raritan of the Pacific squad- 
ron in 1853. He was placed on the reserve list, 
Sept. 18, 1855; promoted captain on the active 
list, Sept. 14, 1855, and was on leave of absence, 
1855-59. He commanded the steam sloop Saranac 
of the Pacific squadron, 1859-62, was placed on 
the retired list, Dec. 21, 1861, and was promoted 
commodore on the retired list, April 4, 1867. He 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 6, 1870. 

RITNER, Joseph, governor of Pennsylvania, 
was born in Berks county, Pa., March 25, 1780; 
son of John Ritner, who emigrated from Alsace 
on the Rhine to America. He had few edu- 
cational advantages; worked on a farm; was 
married in 1800 to Susan 
Alter of Cumberland county ; 
settled upon a farm in Wash- 
ington county, Pa., where he 
had the use of a library of 
German books, and rapidly 
acquired a knowledge of po- 
liticaland social science. He 
represented Washington county in the state legis- 
lature, 1820-26 ; serving as speaker, 1824-26; was 
defeated as the Whig and Anti-Masonic candidate 
for governor of Pennsylvania in 1828 and 1882, 
by George Wolf, and elected in 1835 for the term, 
1835-39. He was an originator of the public 
school system of Pennsylvania, and while goy- 
ernor actively supported all the measures of his 
predecessor for its adoption, and proposed an 
increase in the state appropriation for common 
schools to $800,000, the legislature voting $700,000, 
an increase of $500,000 on that obtained the pre- 
vious year. He was defeated for re-election by 
David R. Porter in 1838, but before vacating the 
office had Superintendent Burrowes prepare two 
bills: one to consolidate and amend the several 
acts relative to common schools, and the other to 
provide for the establishment of teachers’ insti- 
tutes, both of which bills were read to the legis- 
lature, but failed to pass. He was appointed 
director of the mint at Philadelphia, Pa., by 
President Taylor in 1848, and filled the office 
until the President’s death in 1850. He devoted 
himself to the cause of education up to the close 
of his life, serving when eighty years old on a 
special board to consider the claims of state 
normal schools. He was a delegate from Penn- 
sylvania to the Republican national convention 
of 1856. He died in Carlisle, Pa., Oct. 16, 1869. 

RITTENHOUSE, David, astronomer, was born 
near Germantown, Pa., April 8, 1732; son of 
Matthias and Elizabeth (William) Rittenhouse ; 
grandson of Nicholas, the immigrant, 1690, and 
Wilhelmina (Dewees) Rittenhouse, and of Evan 





[488] 


RITTENHOUSE 


William of Wales, and (probably) great-grand- 
son of William Rittenhouse, the immigrant, prior 
to 1674. Nicholas Rittenhouse settled at German- 
town, Pa., established the first paper mill in the 
United States, and removed to Norriton after 1732, 
where David worked on-his father’s farm, and 
there developed unusual mechanical genius, con- 
structing a perfectly modeled water-mill and 
many ingenious clocks. In 1851 he built a 
workshop in Norriton, where he made clocks 
and mathematical instruments, devoting his 
evenings to study, aided by Thomas Barton, a 
school teacher in Norriton. In 1763 he was em- 
ployed by the Penn family to fix the ‘‘ circle” or 
boundary line between Pennsylvania and Mary- 
land, the chronometers which he used in this 
transaction, and in subsequently determining the 
boundary line between New York and New Jersey, 
being either of his own manufacture or made 
under his inspeetion by his brother, Benjamin 
Rittenhouse. He married, Feb. 20, 1766, Eleanor, 
daughter of Bernard Colston, a farmer of Norri- 
ton. Theirdaughter Elizabeth married Jonathan 
D. Sergeant (q.v.). In 1767 he projected his 
orrery. This instrument, for which he received 
£300, became the property of the College of New 
Jersey, and a duplicate orrery, made on a larger 
scale, was purchased by the University of Penn- 
sylvania for £400. He was appointed, Jan. 7, 
1769, with the Rev. Dr. William Smith (q.v.) 
and eleven other members of the American 
Philosophical society, to observe the transit of 
Venus, June 3, from Norriton, Philadeiphia, and 
the lighthouse at Cape Henlopen. For this pur- 
pose Rittenhouse built and furnished an observa- 
tory at Norriton, the equal altitude instrument, 
a transit telescope and a timepiece, being of 
his own invention. He also observed the transit 


——— 


: 





of Mercury, Nov. 9, 1769, and that of the comet, 
June 16-17, 1770, and ascertained the latitude | 
and longitude of Norriton and Philadelphia, to 
which latter city he removed in 1770, where, in 
addition to his regular occupation, he was engaged 
in several experiments, among them one on the 
Gymnotus Electricus, or Electric Eel. His wife 
died in 1771, and he was married, secondly, in 
December, 1772, to Hannah Jacobs of Philadel- 
phia. He was appointed a commissioner on the 
navigation of the Schuykill in 1773, 1781 and | 
1784, and with Samuel Holland of New York, 
commissioner to determine the boundary line 
between New York and Pennsylvania in 1774, 
which commission he resumed in 1786, the bound- 
ary line being finally completed by Andrew Elli- 
cott, and accepted, Sept. 29, 1789. In the spring 
of 1775 a petition to the state legislature was 
made by the American Philosophical society for 
aid in erecting an observatory, Mr. Rittenhouse 
to be appointed ‘‘ public astronomical observer,” 


| 








E RITTER 






















































but the project was hindered by the turbulence 
f the Revolutionary period. He served as en- 
rineer to the committee of safety, 1775; was a 
member of the general assembly and vice-presi- 
lent and presiding officer of the committee of 
safety in 1776; a justice of the peace, and a mem- 
ber of the state constitutional convention of 
Sept. 28, 1776. He was state treasurer, 1777-89, 
resigning in 1789, and was made a member of the 
ouncil of safety in 1777. He observed the tran- 
sit of Mercury in November, 1776, and two eclipses 
of the sun in January, 1777, and June, 1778, re- 
spectively. He was one of the commissioners to 
settle the territorial dispute between Pennsyl- 
‘ania and Virginia, 1779-84; held the chair of 
astronomy in the University of Pennsylvania, 
1779-82 ; was elected a trustee of the loan office 
in 1780; determined the western and southern 
boundaries of Pennsylvania in 1784-85, and in 
ember, 1785, was made a commissioner for 
anning the line between Massachusetts and New 
York. He was appointed by President Washing- 
m, March 26, 1791, to receive subscriptions in 
nsylvania to the Bank of the United States ; 
one of the three ‘‘ agents of information” 
for the ‘‘ opening and improving of certain roads, 
rivers and navigable waters in Pennsylvania,” 
ind on April 14, 1792, was commissioned director 
of the U.S. mint, which position he resigned, 
June 30, 1795. He received the honorary degree 
of A.M. from the University of Pennsylvania in 
, of which university he served as trustee, 
779-80, 1782-91, and by re-election, 1791-95, and 
is _vice-provost, 1780-82. He also received the 
lerrees, A.M., 1772, and LL.D., 1788, from the 


a TT oe 


f the American Philosophical society, 1768 ; 
‘secretary, 1771; vice-president, 1790, and in 
succeeded Benjamin Franklin as president. 
Te was elected a fellow of the American Academy 
Arts and Sciences in 1782, and an honorary 
of the Royal Society of London in 1795. 
name received six votes fora place in the 
fall of Fame for Great Americans in October, 
His scientific papers in the Transactions 
e American Philosophical society, include An 
on Astronomy (1775). His biography 
tten by William Barton (1813), and by 
es Renwick in Sparks’s American Biography 
34). He died in Philadelphia, June 26, 1796. 
ITTER, Fanny Raymond, author, was born 
ds, England, in 1830; daughter of Richard 
atherine Malone. She married, in 1867, 
réc eri ¢ L. Ritter (q.v.). She was a mezzo-soprano 
loist, conducting a series of historical recitals, 
0; translated Louis Ehlert’s ‘‘ Letters on 
a Lady ” (1870; London, 1871), and Robert 
nn’s ** Music and Musicians” (London, 
is theauthor of : Womanasa Musician 


————— OOOO ae ad 


RITTER 


(1876) ; Some Famous Songs (London, 1878); 
Troubadours and Minnesingers, and Haydn's 
“Seasons” (1881); Madrigals (1882), 
and Ballads, poems (1887). 
keepsie, N.Y., Oct. 26, 1890. 

RITTER, Frederic Louis, musician, was born 
in Ittenheim, near Strassburg, Alsace, June 22, 
1828; a descendant of Spanish ancestors on the 
paternal side, whose name was originally Cabal- 
lero. He began the study of music under Hauser 
in Strassburg and Hans M. Schletterer in Fene- 
strange and Deux Ponts, continued: in Paris, 
France, under Georges Kastner, a relative of his 
mother, in 1850, and under several of the best 
masters in Germany, 1850-52, becoming professor 
of music in the Protestant seminary of Fene- 
strange at Lorraine in 1852; and conducting a 
series of concerts at Bordeaux. He immigrated 
to the United States with his sister in 1853, and 
settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he awakened 
an interest in musical matters and organized the 
Cecilia Vocal society and the Philharmonic or- 
chestra, both of which produced works new to the 
United States. He removed to New York city in 
1861; was conductor of the Sacred Harmonic 
society, 1862-69 ; of the Arion Choral society for 
several years, and in 1867 organized-and con- 
ducted at Steinway hall the first musical festival 
ever held in that city. He was professor of music 
in Vassar college, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 1867-91, 
and made his home in Poughkeepsie from 1874 
until his death. He was prominent as a com- 
poser, his instrumental works including several 
symphonies and overtures for full orchestra, a 
septet for flute, horn and string quintet, and 
string quartets and compositions for the piano 
andorgan, many of which have been rendered by 
the leading orchestras and musical clubs, Among 
his sacred music are the 23d and 95th Psalms, for 
female voices; the 4th Psalm; O Salutaris, and 
an Ave Maria. His vocal compositions number 
more than one hundred German songs. He re- 
ceived the degree of Mus. Doc. from the Univer- 
sity of the City of New York in 1878. He was 
divorced from his first wife, the mother of his 
two children, and was married secondly, in 1867, 
to Fanny Raymond. He contributed articles on 
musical topics to English, French and German 
periodicals, and is the author of: A History of 
Musie in the Form of Lectures (1870-74, 2d ed., 
1876); Musie in England (1883); Music in America 
(1883); Manual of Musical History, from the 
Epoch of Ancient Greece to our Present Time 
(1886): Musical Dictation (1888), and a Practical 
Method for the Instruction of Chorus Classes. 
He also edited the English edition of ‘*‘ Das Reich 
der Tone,” and compiled with the Rev. J. Ryland 
Kendrick. The Woman’s College Hymnal (1887). 
He died in Antwerp, Holland, July 6, 1892. 


and Songs 
She died in Pough- 


[489] 


RIVERS 


RIVERS, Richard Henderson, educator, was 
born in Montgomery county, Tenn., Sept. 11, 1814 ; 
son of Edmund and Sarah (Henderson) Rivers. 
His maternal grandfather was Samuel Hender- 
son, brother of Col. Richard Henderson, one of 
the proprietors of the Transylvania colony, the 
first settlement in Kentucky at Booneborough in 
1775. His maternal grandmother was _ Betsy 
Callaway, heroine of a capture by Indians in 
1776, and rescued by Boone and others. He was 
graduated from La Grange college, Ala., 1835 ; 
was assistant professor of languages in the col- 
lege, 1835-36, and professor, 1856-48. He was 
married in June, 1836, to Martha Bolling Cox 
Jones, daughter of W. S. Jones of Franklin 
county, Ala., son of a Revolutionary soldier. He 
held the presidency of Athens Female seminary, 
1843-48 ; was professor of moral science in Cen- 
tenary college, Jackson, La., 1848-49, and its 
president, 1849-54, resigning in 1854 to become 
president of La Grange college. Upon the sus- 
pension of the latter institution during the civil 
war, he was president of Centenary college, 
Summerfield, Ala., and in 1865 conducted a private 
school for girls in Somerville, Tenn., and sub- 
sequently other schools of a similar character in 
that vicinity until 1888, when he became pastor 
of a Methodist Episcopal church in Louisville, 
Ky. He received the honorary degree of D.D. 
from La Grange in 1850; edited a volume of ser- 
mons (1872), and is the author of : Mental Philo- 
sophy (1860); Moral Philosophy (1866); Our 
Young People (1880); Life of Bishop Robert 
Paine (1884), and various articles in periodicals. 
He died in Louisville, Ky., June 21, 1894. 

RIVES, Amelie, see Troubetzkoy, 
Princess. 

RIVES, William Cabell, senator, was born in 
Nelson county, Va., May 4, 1793; son of Robert 
and Margaret Jordan (Cabell) Rives; grandson 
of William and Lucy (Shands) Rives and of Col. 
William and Margaret (Jordan) Cabell, and a 
descendant of the Rives family who emigrated 
from Blandford, Eng., in the cavalier emigration 
of 1649-59, and settled at or near Blandford, 
Surrey county, Va. William was educated under 
private tutors, entered Hampden-Sidney college 
in 1807, and was graduated at William and Mary 
college in 1809. Hestudied law under Thomas 
Jefferson, 1809-11; served in the defence of 
Virginia as aide-de-camp to Gen. John H. Cooke, 
1814-15, and engaged in the practice of law in 
Nelson county. He wasa member of the state 
constitutional convention in 1816; represented 
Nelson county in the Virginia house of delegates, 
1817-19, and was married, March 24, 1819, to 
Judith Page, daughter of the Hon. Francis and 
Jane Byrd (Wilson) Walker of Albemarle county, 
Va. He removed to Albemarle county in 1821; 


Amélie, 


RIXEY 


represented that county in the Virginia house of 
delegates, 1822-23, and was an Anti-Federalist 
representative from Virginia in the 18th, 19th 
and 20th congresses, 1823-1829. He was a mem- 
ber of the board of visitors of the University of 
Virginia, 1828-29, and U.S. minister to France by 
appointment of President Jackson, from April 18, 
1829, to Sept. 27, 1832, negotiating the indemnity 
treaty of July 4,1831. He was elected tothe U.S. 
senate from Virginia to fill the vacancy caused 
by the resignation of Littleton W. Tazewell, and 
served from Jan. 4, 18838, until 1834, when he 
resigned, having refused to follow the instruc- 
tions of the Virginia legislature to vote to censure 
President Jackson for removing government de- 
posits from the Bank of the United States. He 
was re-elected to the U.S. senate in place of John 
Tyler, resigned, March 14, 1836, and after serving 
out that term, was returned for a full term of 
six years, 1839-45. He joined the Whig party 
in 1844; wasappointed U.S. minister to France by 
President Fillmore, serving, 1849-53, and in the 
latter year retired to private life at ‘‘ Castle Hill,” 
Albemarle county. He was one of the five commis- 
sioners sent from Virginia to the Peace congress at 
Washington, D.C., in February, 1861, and elected 
chairman of the Virginia delegates chosen at 
Richmond, April 17, 1861, to represent the state 
of Virginia in the provisional congress at Mont- 
gomery, Ala., April 29, 1861. He represented his 
district in the 2d Confederate congress, from 
Feb. 22, 1864, to Feb. 22, 1865. He was made 
president of the Virginia Historical society, 1847, 


and received the degree LL.D. from the Uni- — 


versity of Virginia. He is the author of: The 
Life and Character of John Hampden (1845); 
Ethies of Christianity (1855); The Life and 
Times of James Madison (8 vols., 1859-69). He 
died at *‘ Castle Hill,” Va., April 25, 1868. 
RIXEY, John Franklin, representative, was 
born in Culpeper county, Va., Aug. 1, 1854 ; son of 
Presley M. and Mary H. Rixey. He attended the 
public schools, Bethel academy, and the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, where he also studied law, 
and was admitted to the barin 1875. He en- 


gaged-in practice at Culpeper, and served as — 


commonwealth’s attorney for Culpeper county, 
1879-91. He was married, Nov. 30, 1881, to Ellie, 
daughter of James and Fanny Barbour of Cul- 
peper. He was a Democratic representative 
from the eighth Virginia district in the 55th, 


56th and 57th congresses, 1897-1903, and was re- 


elected to the 58th congress in 1902 for the term 
expiring 1905. In the 57th congress he advocated 


the admission of Confederate as well as Union 


soldiers to all soldiers’ homes and _ institutions 

maintained by the government, and government 

aid to state homes for Confederate as well as— 
for Union soldiers, 


[490] 











ROACH 

















































ROACH, John, ship builder, was born in 
- Mitchellstown, county Cork, Ireland, Dec. 25, 
1813; son of a small dealer in cloths, who failed 
in business through endorsing notes for his 
_ friends, in 1827. John landed in New York city 
penniless in 1827, and finally obtained work from 
James P. Allaire in the Howell Iron works in 
_ New Jersey, where he remained for three years. 
He removed to Illinois, where with $500 of his 
savings he purchased some land which became 
the site of the city of Peoria, but owing to the 
failure of Mr. Allaire he lost the $1000 still due 
him, and also lost possession of his land. He re- 
turned to New York, worked on marine engines 
and shipwork till he had saved $1000, when with 
three fellow-workmen he established an inde- 
pendent foundry in New York city, shortly after- 
ward becoming sole owner, and in four years he 
had accumulated $30,000. He was married in New 
Jersey in 1837 to Emeline Johnson. In 1856 an 
explosion of a boiler destroyed his works, and 
failing to recover insurance he was ruined. He 
borrowed a small sum of money and rebuilt the 
_ 48tna Iron Works, added to it by purchasing the 
Morgan Iron Works in 1868, for which he paid 
$400,000, the Neptune Works in 1868, the Franklin 
Forge and the Allaire Works in 1870, and the 
i ship yards at Chester, Pa., owned by Rainer and 
Sons, in 1871. He Ropsirinted the largest en- 
gines built in the United States, up to the time 
of his death, also the first compound engines, 
and after 1871 devoted himself almost exclusively 
to shipbuilding, his plant at Chester, Pa.. valued 
at $2,000,000, being known as the Delaware River 
Tron Ship-building and Engine Works, of which 
was the principal owner. He built sixty-three 
iron vessels in twelve years, either for the U.S. 
government or for private transportation com- 
panies. His government contracts included six 
monitors ordered during President Grant’s ad- 
ninistration. The last vessels that he built for 
the U.S. navy were the three cruisers Chicago, 
nta and Boston, and the despatch boat Dol- 
phin. The government refused to accept the 
Dolphin in 1885, which act, together with the 
neial crisis, forced him to make an assign- 
tfor the protection of his creditors and bonds- 
, July 18, 1885. He-constructed about 114 
‘on vessels for private concerns and foreign 
vernments, and also built the sectional dock at 
ensacola, Fla., and the iron bridge over the 
darlem river at Third Avenue, New York city. 
fis son, John Baker Roach, succeeded to the man- 
gement of the Chester works, which were re- 
ned when the government accepted the 
phin. John Roach died in New York city, 
an. 10, 1887. 
ROACH, William Nathaniel, senator, was 
orn in Loudoun county, Va., Sept. 25, 1840. 


“fae 
- 


ROANE 


He was a student at Georgetown college, Wash- 
ington, D.C.; served as a clerk in the quarter- 
master’s department in Washington, 1861-65, 
and as cashier of the Citizens’ National bank in 
‘Washington, 1878-79, when he removed to Dako- 
ta Territory. There he took up a northwestern 
mail contract between Grand Forks and Fort 
Totten, and subsequently established a number of 
overland mail routes. He settled on a farm near 
Larimore, Grand Forks county. He was mayor 
of Larimore, 1883-87 ; a member of the territorial 
legislature in 1885, being the only Democrat 
in the assembly, and the unsuccessful Democratic 
candidate for governor of North Dakota in 1889 
and 1890. He was elected to the U.S. senate by 
the joint votes of the Democrats and Indepen- 
dents assisted by ten Republican members, Feb. 
20, 1893, after a protracted session of over one 
month, and served, 1893-99, Hewas married first 
to Mary Lieberman of Washington, D.C.; sec- 
ondly, Feb. 8, 1899, to Mrs. V. E. Pollock of Ne- 
braska. He died in New York city, Sept. 7, 1902. 

ROANE, Archibald, governor of Tennessee, 
was born in Derry, Pa., in 1755; son of Andrew 
and Margaret (Walker) Roane. Andrew Roane 
was born in Grenshow, Ireland. of Scotch par- 
ents, immigrated to America with his brother, 
the Rev. John Roane, in 1739, 
and settled in Derry, Pa. 
Archibald was educated by 
his unele, the Rev. John 
Roane, 1768 ; studied law ; re- 
moved to Tennessee ; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1788 ; and 
shortly afterward became ter- 
ritorial attorney-general for the district of Hamil- 
ton, and was elected a judge of the supreme court 
in 1796. He was married to Ann, daughter of 
David and Mary (Hamilton) Campbell of Washing- 
ton county, Va. He was a delegate to the state 
constitutional convention of 1796, and was elected 
governor of Tennessee, succeeding John Sevier, 
and serving, 1801-04. He resumed practice in 
Jonesboro in 1804; was judge of the second cir- 
cuit court, 1811-14, and a judge of the supreme 





court of errors and appeals, 1815-18. He was 
married toa Miss Campbell of Virginia. He died 


at Jonesboro, Tenn., in 1818. 

ROANE, John, representative, 
Virginia in 1754. He received a liberal educa- 
tion: was a member of the state legislature for 
several years ; a delegate to the state constitu- 
tional convention, Jan. 25, 1788, and a presiden- 
tial elector from the eighth Virginia district in 
1789. He was a Democratic representative from 
Virginia in the 11th, 13th, 20th, 21st and 24th 
congresses, 1809-15, 1827-31 and 1835- 87. He 
died at his home in Rumford Academy, King 
William county, Va., Nov. 15, 18388. 


was born in 


[491] 


ROANE 


ROANE, John Selden, governor of Arkansas, 
was born in Wilson county, Tenn., Jan. 8, 1817. 
He was graduated from Cumberland college, then 
located at Princeton, Ky.,and about 1835 removed 
to Pine Bluff, Ark., and was a representative in 
the state legislature for several years, serving as 
speaker in 1844. He engaged in the war with 
Mexico as lieutenant-colonel of Archibald Yell’s 
Arkansas cavalry, and served at Buena Vista, 
where he commanded the regiment after Colonel 
Yell was killed, Feb. 22, 1847, being commissioned 
colonel, Feb. 28, 1847. A company inthe regiment 
was commanded by Albert Pike (q.v.), who sub- 
sequently wrote severe criticisms on Roane’s con- 
duct in the Mexican war, and Colonel Roane 
challenged him. They fought in Indian Territory 
opposite Fort Smith in August, 1848, Roane’s 
friend, Henry M. Rector, acting as his second. 
After exchanging shots twice, the difficulty was 
settled, and afterward the two men were warm 
friends. Roane was governor 
of Arkansas, 1848-52. On the 
outbreak of the civil war he 
joined the Confederate army ; 
was appointed brigadier-gen- 
eral, March 20, 1862, and on 
April 8, 1862, upon the trans- 
fer of Van Dorn’s army to Cor- 
inth, General Roane was left in charge of the state, 
his force consisting of the scattered state militia, 
badly organized and poorly armed, and the 5,000 
Indians and half-breeds, under Gen. Albert Pike, 
in the Indian Territory. On the arrival of Gen. 
Thomas C. Hindman to take command of the 
trans-Mississippi army, General Roane assumed 
command of a brigade in Sharp’s division, and 
took part in the battle of Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, 
1862. He died at Pine Bluff, Ark., April 7, 1869. 

ROANE, William Harrison, senator, was born 
in Virginia in 1788. He received a good educa- 
tion ; was twice a member of the Virginia execu- 
tive council; a member of the house of delegates 
of Virginia, and a representative from that state 
in the 14th congress, 1815-17. He was elected 
U.S. senator to complete the term of Richard 
Elliott Parker, who resigned to take his seat upon 
the bench of the court of appeals of Virginia, 
and he served, Sept. 4, 1837-March 3, 1841. He 
died at Tree Hill, Va., May 11, 1845. 

ROBB, Edward, representative, was born in 
Brazeau, Mo., March 19, 1857; son of Dr. Lucius 
F, and Lucinda (Shaner) Robb, and grandson of 
William Robb and of Jacoband Elizabeth Shaner, 
He was educated in the public schools, at Brazeau 
academy, and at Fruitland Normal institute, and 
was graduated from the Missouri State university, 
LL.B., in 1879. He was admitted to the bar in 
May of the latter year, and settled in practice in 
Perryville, Mo. ; serving as prosecuting attorney 





ROBBINS 


of Perry county, 1880-84, and asa representative 
in the state legislature, 1884-88. He was married, 
Nov. 138, 1889, to Maude, daughter of Judge T. J. 
and Carrie (Arnold) Watkins of Eddyville, Ky. 
He was assistant attorney-general of the state, 
1889-93, and a Democratic representative from 
the thirteenth Missouri district in the 55th, 56th, 
57th and 58th congresses, 1897-1905. 

ROBBINS, Asher, senator, was born in 
Wethersfield, Conn., Oct. 26, 1757. He was 
graduated at Yale, A.B., 1782; was a tutor in 
belles lettres in Rhode Island college, now Brown 
university, 1782-90, and librarian, 1782-85. He 
studied law under the Hon. William Channing, 
attorney-general of Rhode Island; was admitted 
to the bar and practised in Providence until 1795, 
and in Newport, R.I., 1795-1845. He was ap- 
pointed U.S. district attorney for Rhode Island 
in 1812, represented Newport in the state assem- 
bly, 1818-25, and was elected to the U.S. senate 
from Rhode Island as a Whig, Nov. 5, 1825, to 
fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of 
James De Wolf. He was re-elected, Nov. 2, 1826, 
and Jan. 19, 18383. In the session of the legisla- 
ture of October, 1838, his election was declared 
null and void, and on Noy. 1 the grand com- 
mittee declared Elisha R. Potter elected, the 
friends of Robbins refusing to vote because their 
protest had not been considered. In the first 
session of the 23rd congress, 1833-34, Senator 
Robbins successfully contested the right of Potter 
to the seat. He served in the senate from Dec. 5, 
1825, to March 3, 1839, when he resumed practice 
in Newport, and again served in the general 
assembly. His son, Christopher Ellery Robbins, 
was secretary of state of Rhode Island, 1849-51. 
Senator Robbins received the degree LL.D. from 
Brown in 1835. He published two addresses on 
domestic industry, and a Fourth of July Oration 
(1827). He died in Newport, R.I., Feb. 25, 1845. 

ROBBINS, Gaston Ahi, representative, was 
born in Goldsboro, N.C., Sept. 26, 1858; son of 
Julius Alexander and Amanda (Alford) Robbins ; 
grandson of Ahi and Mary (Brown) Robbins, 
and a descendant of William Robbins of Rowan 
county, N.C., who removed to that county from 
eastern Virginia in 1763. 
of the Selma bar, was killed in the Confederate 
service near Mount Sterling, Ky., July 9, 1864, 
and after his death the family moved to Robbins. 
Farm, Randolph county, N.C. He worked on 
the farm ; attended Trinity college ; entered the 


University of North Carolina in 1877, and was — 


graduated in 1879. He studied law under Judges 
Dick and Dillard in Greensboro, N.C. ; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1880, and practiced in Selma, 
Ala., where he won recognition as a lawyer and 
an orator, He was presidential elector on the 
Cleveland and Hendricks ticket in 1884, and was 


[492] 


His father, a member — 


— 








ROBBINS 











































representative from the fourth district of Ala- 
bama in the 53d and 54th congresses, 1893-97. 
During his first term in congress, he presented a 
bill reducing the tax on cotton mill machinery, 
which was enacted as a law. He was not a can- 
didate for re-election. He was married, Oct. 29, 
1890, to Ira, daughter 6f John B. Alexander of 
Dallas county, Ala. His bride died, Nov. 17, 1890. 
He went to New York city in 1901, and engaged 
in the practice of law. He died in the fire that 
occurred in the Park Avenue hotel, Feb. 22, 1902. 
4 NS Horace Wolcott, artist and lawyer, 
s born in Mobile, Ala., Oct. 21, 1842; son of 
Brace W. and Mary Widredize (Hyde) Robbins ; 
a ndson of Frederick and Eunice (Ames) Rob- 
bins of Wethersfield, Conn., and of Erastus and 
Fannie (Bell) Hyde of Norwich, Conn., and 
eighth in descent from John Robbins of Wethers- 
field, Conn., 1638. He removed to Baltimore, 
Mc d., with his parents in 1848; was graduated at 
Newton university, Baltimore, in 1860, and 
studied landscape painting under James M. Hart 
in New York city in 1861. He enlisted in the 
22d New York regiment, and served three months 
at Harper’s Ferry in 1862 ; visited the West Indies 

ith Frederic E. Church in 1865, and completed 
his art studies in Europe, 1865-67. He was mar- 
in Paris, France, Sept. 27, 1865, to Mary A., 
daughter of George D. and Mary (Ayres) Phelps 
f New York city, granddaughter of Gen. Noah 
Phelps of Simsbury, Conn., and eleventh in de- 
it from Edward Fuller of the Mayflower. He 
levoted himself to landscape painting in New 
York city until 1890; attended the Columbia 
Law school in 1890; was admitted to the New 
York bar in 1892, and engaged in practice in 
New York. He was elected an associate of the 
ional Academy of Design in 1864; an acade- 
n in 1878; was recording secretary of the 
sademy, 1882-92, and vice-president, 1894-95 ; 
sm ade a Baebes of the Water-color society, 
American Fine Arts society, the New York 
x club, and was president of the Artists’ 
society, 1885-87. He was also elected a 
of the New York School of Applied De- 
r Women ; a life member of the New York 
1 society ; a fellow in perpetuity of the 
tan Museum of Art; a member of the 
association (1863) ; the University club 
he Association of the Bar of New York 


LLC ET IT I SE LE ELE AE OE AY 


ge. His oil paintings include : Blue Hills 
i aica (1874) ; Passing Shower, Jamaica 

, Roadside Elms, (1878) ; Harbor Islands, 
eorge (1878); Lake Katahdin, Maine (1882) : 
Autumn, Adirondacks (1883) ; Sunset on 
wis (1885); Darkening in the Evening 


ROBERT 


Glory (1885). Among his water-colors are : After 
the Rain, New England Elms, and New England 
Homestead, purchased by the French govern- 
ment at the exhibition of 1878. 

ROBERDEAU, Daniel, delegate, was born on 
the island of St. Christopher, W.L., in 1727 : son of 
Isaac and Mary (Cunyngham) Roberdeau, Hu- 
guenot refugees from Rochelle, France. 
hood he removed to Philadelphia, Pa., with his 
mother, where he became an importer of rum, 
wines and West India produce. He was a mem- 
ber of the Pennsylvania assembly, 1756-60, and a 
manager of the Pennsylvania hospital, 1756-58 
and 1766-76. In 1775 he joined the Pennsyl- 
vania associators, was elected colonel of the 2d 
battalion, and was president of the governing 
board of the associators. He presided at a public 
meeting held at the state house, Philadelphia, 
May 20, 1776, and was associated with Col. John 
Bayard in the fitting out of the Congress and 
Chance as privateers. He was chosen a member 
of the council of safety, June 30, 1775; was 
elected 1st brigadier-general of Pennsylvania 
troops, July 4, 1776, and joined the army under 
Washington in New Jersey, and in the fall of 
that year, being seized with an infectious fever 
and unable to serve in the field, he advanced 
from his private purse the sum of $18,000 to 
supply the outfits for the commissioners to Paris. 
He was a delegate to the Continental congress, 

777-79, where he signed the articles of confeder- 
ation. He was granted leave of absence from 
congress, April 11, 1778, to allow him to super- 
intend the working of a lead mine in Bedford 
county, Pa., to procure lead for the army, and 
built Fort Roberdeau as a protection against the 
Indians. He was twice married ; first, on Oct. 3, 
1761, to Mary, daughter of the Rev. David and 
Mary (Hinman) Bostwick of New York, and se- 
condly, on Dec. 2, 1778, to Jane Milligan of Phil- 
adelphia. He was president of a meeting held, 
May 24-25, 1779, at Philadelphia, for the purpose 
of devising measures to reduce and counteract the 
operations of monopolizers. He removed to 
Alexandria, Va., in 1785, and to Winchester, Va., 
in 1794, where ies died, Jan. 5, 1795. 

ROBERT, Christopher Rhinelander, philan- 
thropist, was born at Brookhaven, Long Island, 
N.Y., March 28, 1802 ; son of Dr. Daniel Robert. 
He served a five years’ clerkship in a mercantile 
house in New York city, and then engaged in 
business in New Orleans, La. He was married 
in 1829 to Ann Maria Shaw (1802-1888), 
daughter of William Shaw, a New York mer- 
chant. He was senior member of the firm of 
Robert and Williams in New York city, 1830-62, 
and was also president of a coal and iron com- 
pany, retiring from active business in 1863. He 
was ruling elder of the Laight Street Presby- 


In boy- 


[493] 


ROBERT 


terian church, New York city, 1834-62, and for 
nearly thirty years was superintendent of one of 
the largest Sunday-schools in the city. He gave 
$4,400 to Hamilton college to aid beneficiary can- 
didates for the ministry, and a larger sum to Au- 
burn Theological seminary ; organized and gave 
toward the support of several orphan asylums, a 
home for aged colored women, and other charit- 
able and religious institutions ; gave $296,000 to 
the American college at Constantinople, which 
institution was called Robert college in his honor, 
and at his death he left to the college $125,000 
and real estate Mes at $40,000. He died in 
Paris, France, Oct. 1878. 

ROBERT, one ieee military engineer 
and author, was born in Robertville, 8.C., May 
2, 1837; son of the Rev. Joseph T. (q.v.) and Ad- 
eline (Lawton) Robert. He was appointed to the 
U.S. Military academy from Ohio, 1853, and was 
graduated in 1857, 
fourth in a class of 
thirty-eight and as- 
signed to the corps of 
engineers. He was 
acting assistant pro- 
fessor of mathematics 
at the academy in 
1856, and assistant 
- professor of natural 
‘ and experimental phi- 
'; losophy and instruc- 
'' tor in practical mili- 
tary engineering, 
1857-58. He wascom- 
missioned 2d lieu- 
tenant of engineers, 
served. at West Point and in 





Dec. 13, 


1858 ; 
Oregon and Washington Territory, 1857-1860 ; in 
the exploration of a wagon road from Fort Dalles, 


Oregon, to Salt Lake, Utah, 1859 ; in the defenses 
of San Juan Island, of which he was the super- 
intending engineer, August to November, 1859 ; 
and in command of an exploration for a wagon 
road from Lewis River to Cowlitz Landing, via 
Toutle Lake, Washington Territory, with a view 
to providing an all-land route connecting Fort 
Vancouver with Puget Sound, June to September, 
1860. He was assistant engineer in the con- 
struction of the defenses of Washington, D.C., 
April to October, 1861, and was promoted 1st 
lieutenant, Aug, 3, 1861. He was superintending 
engineer of the defenses of Philadelphia, 1861-62, 
and of the construction of the defenses of New 
Bedford, Mass., 1862-65, and was promoted cap- 
tain, March 3, 1863. He was in charge of the de- 
partment of practical military engineering, and 
treasurer of the U.S. Military academy, 1865-67 ; 
was promoted major, March 7, 1867, and served 
as engineer on the staffs of Generals Halleck, 


‘on the Canada border, and on Delaware Bay aug 


ROBERT 















































George H. Thomas, and Schofield, commanding — 
the military division of the Pacific, 1867-71. He | 
was engineer of the 13th lighthouse district, and 
superintending engineer of river and harbor 
improvements in Oregon and Washington Terri-_ 
tory, 1871-73; engineer of the Lake Michigans 
light-houses, 1874-75, and of river and harbor 
improvements on the lakes north of Milwaukee, 
1875-83. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel, 
Jan. 10, 1883; was superintending engineer of 
fortifications and river and harbor improvements 


its tributaries, 1885-90. He was also engineer of 
the 4th light-house district in 1885. He was 
engineer commissioner of the District of Co-— 
lumbia, and member of the Rock Creek National 
Park commission, 1890-91 ; in charge of river and 
harbor improvements and fortifications, 1891-95 ; 
promoted colonel, Feb. 3, 1895, was division en- 
gineer of the Northwest division, 1896-97 ; of the 
Southwest division, 1895 and 1897-1901 ; president — 
of the board of engineers for fortifications, the 
N.Y. Harbor Line board, the Board for Examina- 
tion of officers of U.S. Corps of Engineers for 
Promotion, and the Board of Visitors to U.S. 
Engineer School, 1895-1901; president of the 
Philadelphia Harbor Line board, 1894-1901; and 
of many special boards for designing river and 
harbor improvements. He was appointed 
brigadier-general, chief of engineers, U.S. army, 
April 30, 1901, and was retired May 2, 1901, hay- 
ing reached the age limit. His most important 
duty was as president of the Board of Engineers 
for Fortifications, which had the designing of the 
defenses of the coast, Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf, and 
Lake. After his retirement, at the request of 
the city of Galveston, he served as a member of 
a commission to design suitable works to protect 
the city from storms from the Gulf, 1901-02. He 
was married first, Dec. 17, 1860, to Helen Maria, 
daughter of Ebenezer and Elizabeth (Fenner) 
Thresher of Dayton, Ohio, who died Oct. 10, 1895 ; 
and secondly, May 8, 1901, to Isabel Livingston, 
daughter of William and Christina Hoagland of 
Oswego, N.Y. He is the author of: Rules of 
Order, a compendium of Parliamentary Law 
(1876 ; rev. ed., 1893), and of Index to the Reports 
of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, on River 
and Harbor Improvements from 1866 to 1887 
(2 vols., 1881 and 1889). “ 

ROBERT, Joseph Thomas, clergy an 
educator, was born near Robertville, Beaufort di 
trict, 8.C., Noy. 28, 1807; son of James Jehu 
Charlotte Ann (Lawton) Robert; grandson o 
John and Elizabeth Smith (Dixon) Robert ané 
of Joseph and Sarah (Robert) Lawton; and 4 
descendant of Pierre Robert (born in Switzerla 
1658), the first pastor of the French Hugueno 
colony which settled on the’ Santee River, 


[494] A 


4 ROBERTS 


Yl 


















































in 1685, shortly after the revocation of the Edict 
of Nantes; alsoa descendant of Thomas Smith, 
(born at Exeter, England, 1648; died 1694), who 
removed to South Carolina, 1671, and was made 
andgrave and governor of South Carolina in 
693. Joseph T. Robert entered Columbian col- 
lege, Washington, D.C., in 1825 ; was graduated 
from Brown university, A.B., 1828, A.M., 1831; 
attended Yale Medical school, 1829-30, and was 
graduated from the South Carolina Medical col- 
lege in 1831. He was married, Sept. 8, 1830, to 
Adeline, daughter of Col. Alexander James and 
Martha (Mosse) Lawton of Robertville, S.C. He 
practised medicine in Robertville, 1831-32 ; fitted 
for the Baptist ministry at Furman Theological 
seminary, Greenville, 8.C., 1832-34, and was 
ordained in 1834. He was pastor of the church 
at Robertville, 1834-39 ; at Covington, Ky., 1839- 
42; at Lebanon, Ohio, 1842-46 ; at Savannah, Ga., 
1847-50, and at Portsmouth and Zanesville, Ohio, 
1851-58. He was professor of mathematics and 
natural science in Burlington university, Iowa, 
1858-63; professor of languages in Iowa State 
university, 1863-67, and president of Burlington 
university, 1869-70. He was principal of the 
-Augusta Institute for the Training of Colored 
Ditinisters, at Augusta, Ga., 1871-79, and from 
dd to 1884 was president of the Atlanta Baptist 
seminary, with which the Augusta Institute was 
Morporated in.1879. He received the degree of 
LL.D. from Denison university in 1869. He died 
in Atlanta, Ga., March 5, 1884. 
_ ROBERTS, Benjamin Stone, soldier, was born 
in Manchester, Vt., Nov. 18, 1810, son of Gen. 
Martin and Betsey (Stone) Roberts; grandson of 
General Christopher and Mary (Purdy) Roberts 
and of Luther and Oladine Stone, and a de- 
scendant of Peter and Sarah (Baker) Roberts. 
Peter Roberts probably came from Wales in 
1670, and lived in Providence, R.I. He was 
graduated at the U.S. Military academy and 
brevetted 2d lieutenant in the 1st dragoons, July 
sh , 1835. He was married Sept. 18, 1835, to Eliza- 
eth, daughter of Anson and Laura (Pierpont) 
perry of Plattsburgh, N.Y.; served on frontier 
in Iowa and Kansas, 1835-38; was com- 
sioned 2d lieutenant, Ist dragoons, May 31, 
, Ist lieutenant, Ist dragoons, July 31, 1837, 
and served on recruiting duty, 1888-89. He re- 
signed from the U.S. army, Jan. 28, 1839; 
vas chief engineer of the construction of the 
Champlain and Odgensburg railroad, 1839-40; 
assistant geologist of the state of New York in 
i841, and aided Lieut. George W. Whistler in 
sonstructing the Russian system of railways in 
He returned to the United States and 
having fitted himself for law, was admitted to 
1e bar and settled in practice in Des Moines, 
e). in 1843. He was lieutenant-colonel of the 





ROBERTS 


Iowa militia, 1844-46; was re-appointed to the 
U.S. army as 1st lieutenant, Mounted Rifles, 
May 27, 1846, and participated in all the prin- 
cipal engagements of the Mexican war, culminat- 
ing in the capture of the city of Mexico. He 
was selected by General Quitman to raise the first 
American flag over the ‘‘ Halls of the Montezu- 
mas,’ because of conspicuous gallantry displayed 
by him in the storming of Chapultepec, before 
the capture of the city by the U.S. troops. He 
was promoted captain, Mounted Rifles, Feb. 16, 
1847 ; brevetted major, Sept. 18, 1847, for Cha- 
pultepec, and lieutenant-colonel, Nov. 24, 1847, 
for gallantry in the action at Matamoras and at 
the pass at Galaxara, Nov. 23-24, 1847, and re- 
ceived a sword of honor from the legislature of 
Iowa for his Mexican war service, Jan. 15, 1849. 
He served on frontier duty in Kansasand Dakota 
Territory, 1848-49, was on leave of absence, 1850- 
52; and was employed in examining land titles 
in the topographical bureau at Washington, D.C. 
1852-53. He was on leave of absence and on 
frontier duty in Texas and New Mexico, 1853-61, 
was promoted major, May 13, 1861 ; transferred to 
the 3d cavalry, Aug. 3, 1861; served in New 
Mexico under General Canby, 1861-62, being en- 
gaged at Fort Craig, Valverde, Albuquerque and 
Peralta ; and was brevetted colonel, Feb. 21, 1862, 
for Valverde. He was promoted brigadier-gen- 
eral of volunteers July 16, 1862; and served as 
inspector-general on General Pope’s staff at Cedar 
Mountain, Rappahannock Station, Sulphur 
Springs and Second Bull Run. After the defeat 
of Pope’s army at Second Bull Run General Stone 
preferred charges against Gen. Fitz John Porter 
(q.v.) for disobedience of orders and acts of mis- 
behavior in the presence of the enemy. He com- 
manded an expedition against the Chippewa 
Indians in the Mille-Lacs country in November, 
1862 ; commanded successively the upper defenses 
of Washington, D.C., an independent brigade 
in Western Virginia and district of lowa in 1863 ; 
and served in Texas and Louisiana, 1864. He 
was chief of cavalry, department of the Gulf from 
October, 1864, to January, 1865 ; commanded the 
district of West Tennessee and the cavalry divi- 
sion of the district of Tennessee in 1865, and was 
brevetted brigadier-general U.S.A. and major- 
general of volunteers, March 13, 1865, for Cedar 
Mountain and Second Bull Run. He was mus- 
tered out of the volunteer service, Jan. 15, 1866; 
was promoted lieutenant-colonel, 3d cavalry, 
July 28, 1866; served on frontier duty in New 
Mexico, 1867-68, was instructor in military 
science at Yale, 1868-70, and was retired from 
active service on his own application, Dec. 15, 
1870. He invented the Roberts breech-loading 
rifle, and in 1870 organized a stock company to 
manufacture the rifle, which was not financially 


[495] 


ROBERTS 


successful. He practised law in Washington, 
D.C., from date of retirement to date of death. 
He died in Washington, D.C., Jan. 29, 1875. 
ROBERTS, Edmund, diplomatist, was born in 
Portsmouth, N.H., June 29, 1784; son of Edmund 
and Sarah (Griffiths) Roberts. His father died 
when he was but two or three years old, and his 
mother, when he was sixteen. He was offered an 
appointment as midshipman in the U.S. navy in 
1797; but his mother begged him never to leave her. 
By his father’s will, inthe event of his mother’s 
death, he was to go to his uncle, Capt. Joshua 
Roberts, a bachelor, at Buenos Ayres. He was 
married, Sept. 11, 1808, to Katherine Whipple, 
daughter of Woodbury and Sarah (Sherburne) 
Langdon of Portsmouth, N.H., and upon the 
death of his uncle the same year he became his 
heir and an extensive owner of ships. Later he 
lost heavily by the Spanish and French priva- 
teers. In 1827 he chartered the ship Mary Ann 
and sailed for Zanzibar, meeting the Sultan of 
Muscat there, and establishing a friendship that 
afterward developed into treaty relations with 
the United States. Making further voyages to 
the ports of the Indian ocean, he studied the pos- 
sible openings to American trade. On his return 
home, with the assistance of Levi Woodbury, sec- 
retary of the navy, his suggestions were brought 
before congress, and in consequence the United 
States ships Peacock and Bower were sent out in 
1832 to convey Mr. Roberts as special diplomatic 
envoy to make treaties with Muscat, Siam and 
Cochin China. His treaties with Siam and Mus- 
cat were duly ratified by congress, and in 1835 
he was ordered to go out with the Peacock and 
the companion ship Enterprise, to exchange the 
ratifications made with Siam and Muscat, and 
also with orders to go as far east as Japan, with 
the hope of making successful treaties with that 
nation. - After the ratification of the treaties 
with Muscat and Siam, he was taken ill off the 
coast of China as the Peacock was en route to 
Japan, and he died at Macao. A monument 
was erecetd by the Americans in that place 
over his grave; and, later, a memorial window 
in St. John’s church, Portsmouth, N.H., was 
presented by his granddaughter, Mrs. John V. 
L. Pruyn of Albany, N.Y., to keep alive the 
memory of the first American diplomatist in 
Asia. His unfinished work was consummated 
many years later by Commodore Matthew Perry 
and Townsend Harris. The successes of his first 
embassy during a voyage of twenty-six months 
are detailed in his posthumous volume, Hnbassy 
to Hastern Courts (1837); and an account of 
the second embassy and of Mr. Roberts's death is 
given in ‘‘ Voyage Around the World, Including 
an Embassy to Muscat and Siam in 1835, 1836, 
1837” (1888), by W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D., 


ROBERTS 


surgeon of the U.S. ship Peacock. Mrs. Roberts 
died in 1829. Mr. Roberts left a family of eight 
children, and of the daughters who survived 
him, Katherine Whipple became the wife of 
Rev. Dr. Andrew P. Peabody (q.v.), and Harriet 
Langdon married Hon. Amasa J. Parker (q.v.). 
He died at Macao, China, June 12, 1836. 


ROBERTS, Ellis Henry, representative, was | 


born in Utica, N.Y., Sept. 30, 1827; son of Wat- 
kin and Gwen (Williams) Roberts, who emigrated 
from Merionethshire, North Wales, in 1821. Ellis 
learned the printer’s trade by which he paid for 
his support and ed- 
ucation ; attended 
Whitestown semi- 
nary in 1847, and en- 
tered Yale asa sopho- 
more, graduating 
with second honors, 
AS By loo) ee Anes 
1855. He was princi- 
pal of the Utica Free 
academy and teacher 
of Latin at Utica Fe- 
male seminary, and 
was married, June 24, 
1851, to Elizabeth, 
daughter of David E. 
and Ann (Lewis) Mor- 
ris of Utica. He was editor and part proprietor of 
the Utica Morning Herald, 1851-54, and sole pro- 
prietor, 1854-93. He was elected a Republican 
representative in the state assembly in 1866 ; was 
a representative in the 42d and 43d congresses, 
1871-75, and was a delegate to the Republican 
national conventions of 1864, 1868 and 1876. In 
1868 and 1873 he traveled extensively in Europe. 
He was assistant treasurer of the United States 
under appointment of President Harrison, 1889- 
93; president of the Franklin National bank, 
New York city, 1893-97, and was appointed by 
President McKinley treasurer of the United 
States, July 1, 1897, which office he still held in 
1903. He was a trustee of Hamilton college, 
1872--1900, received the honorary degree of LL.D. 
from Hamilton in 1869, and from Yale in 1884. He 
delivered a course of lectures at Cornell university 
and Hamilton college in 1884, and addresses at 
Syracuse university and Union college; also on 
financial topics before the American Bankers’ 
association, the American Association for the 
Advancement of Science, and several State 
Bankers’ associations. He is the author of: 
Government Revenue, Especially the American 
System (1884); The Planting and Growth of the 
Empire State (1887), and several letters and 
lectures. 

ROBERTS, Ernest William, representative, 


was born in East Madison, Maine, Nov. 22, 1858; — 


[496] 














ROBERTS 












































son of Orin P. and Eliza Varney (Dean) Roberts ; 
grandson of Tristram and Betsy (Page) Roberts, 
and of Samuel and Eliza( Varney) Dean, and a des- 
cendant of Thomas Roberts, who settled at Duer 
Neck, N.H., about 16383, and Dean, who settled 
on the Maine coast about the middle of the 17th 
century. He was graduated from the Highland 
‘Military academy, Worcester, Mass., in 1877, and 
at the law department of Boston university in 
1881; was admitted to the bar in 1881, and set- 
4 ed in practice in Boston, Mass., making his 
home in Chelsea. He was a member of the city 
council of Chelsea, 1887--88 ; represented Chelsea 
in the general court of Massachusetts, 1894--96, 
and wasa state senator, 1897--98. He was mar- 
ried, Nov. 13, 1881, to Nella Lue Allen of Albany, 
N.Y., and a second time, Feb. 2, 1898, to Sara 
M., daughter of Hiram B. and Sarah M. (Burgess) 
Weeks of St. Albans, Vt. He was a Republican 
representative from the seventh Massachusetts 
district in the 56th and 57th congresses, 1899- 
q 903, and was re-elected to the 58th congress in 
November, 1903, for the term expiring 1905. 
_ ROBERTS, Howard, sculptor, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., April 9, 1843; son of Edward 
Roberts, a Philadelphia merchant. He attended 
the public schools; studied art in the Penn- 
sylvania Academy of Fine Arts at Philadelphia, 
atthe Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, and under 
DumontandGumery. He opened astudio in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.,and there produced the statuette 
ts Hester and Pearl,” from Hawthorne’s ‘‘ Scarlet 
Letter” (1872), which he exhibited at the Penn- 
sylvania Academy of Fine Arts. He was again 
in Paris, 1873--76, where he modeled La Premiére 
Pose (1876), which received a medal at the Phil- 
adelphia Centennial exposition. His life-sized 
statue of Robert Fulton was installed in the hall 
of statuary of the capitol at Washington, D.C., in 
3, as one of the twosculptured representatives 
which Pennsylvania was entitled in that col- 
nm. He was married, June 1, 1876, to Helen 
line Lewis. He was made a member of the 
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1872. 
ng his works not already mentioned are: 
atia (1870); Lucille, a bust (1873); Lot’s 
, a statuette, and many ideal and portrait 
. He died in Paris, France, in April, 1900. 
ROBERTS, Jonathan, senator, was born at Up- 
er Merion, Montgomery county, Pa., Aug.16,1771; 
f the Hon. Jonathan and (Thomas) 
rts; grandson of Mathew and Sarah (Wal- 
er) Roberts, and of David and Anna (Noble) 
fhomas, and a descendant of John and Elizabeth 
(Owen) Roberts. John Roberts emigrated from 
rennychlawd, Denbighshire, Wales, to America 
ibout 1682, and settled in Lower Merion, Mont- 
county, Pa. He was educated in the 
of Lawrence Bathurst, 1776-81, labored on 





— 





ROBERTS 


the farm, 1781-85, and completed his education 
under Edward Farris, 1785-86. He was appren- 
ticed to a wheelwright, 1787-91, returned to his 
father’s farm in 1791, and devoted his leisure to 
study. He was a member of the Pennsylvania 
assembly, 1798-99, and of the state senate, 1807- 
10; was a representative in the 12th and 18th con- 
gresses, 1811-14, where he favored the prosecution 
of the war of 1812, and for this action he was dis- 
owned by the Society of Friends. He was mar- 
ried in 1813 to Eliza H. Bushby of Washington, 
D.C. He was appointed to the U.S. senate to fill 
the vacancy caused by the resignation of Michael 
Lieb in 1814, and was re-elected in 1815, serving 
till 1821. He took a prominent part in the con- 
troversy growing out of the bill to admit Maine 
into the Union, and when that bill was reported 
with an amendment admitting Missouri also, he 
moved the further amendment that slavery should 
be prohibited in Missouri. He vigorously op- 
posed the Missouri compromise, after the defeat 
of the former amendment, but it was eventually 
adopted. He was elected a representative in the 
state legislature in 1823; was a member of the 
canal commission, 1824-27; was an early and 
active supporter of protective tariff, and a member 
of the national protective conventions held at 
Harrisburg, Pa., in 1827 and New York city in 
1830. He was a delegate to the Whig national 
convention at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 4, 1839, and 
was appointed collector of customs for the port of 
Philadelphia by President Tyler in April, 1841, 
resigning in 1842, not being in sympathy with 
theadministration. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., 
July 21, 1854. 

ROBERTS, Oran Milo, governor of Texas, was 
born in Laurens district, S.C., July 9, 1815. His 
parents removed to St. Clair county, Ala., during 
his early youth, and he was graduated at the 
University of Alabama in 1836 and admitted to 
the bar in 1838. Heserved in the Alabama legis- 
lature, 1839-40, removed to San Augustine county, 
Texas, in 1841, and was district attorney in the 
republic, 1844-45 ; district judge in the newly ad- 
mitted state, 1846-51; associate judge of the 
supreme court of the state, 1857-61, and president 
of the state secession convention of 1861. He re- 
cruited and was made colonel of the 9th Texas 
regiment, which he commanded in the civil war 
in Ector’s brigade, Walker’s division, and was 
with Walker’s reserve corps at the battle of Chat- 
tanooga and in the defence of Atlanta. He was 
elected chief justice of the supreme court of 
Texas in 1863, and resigned from the army, serv- 
ing on the bench, 1864-66, He was a delegate to 
the reconstruction convention of 1866, serving as 
chairman of the committee on judiciary, and 
in 1866. on the meeting of the state legislature 
under the reconstruction constitution, he was 


[497] 


ROBERTS 


elected U.S. senator, but congress declared the 
reconstruction acts non-effective, and he did not 
take his seat. He practised law and taught a law 
school in Gilmore, Texas, 1868-74, and in 1874 he 
was restored as chief justice of the supreme court 
of Texas. He was re-elected under the constitu- 
tion of 1876, serving, 1874-78. In 1878 he was 
elected governor of Texas, 
and was re-elected in 1880, 
serving, 1879-83. He was not 
a candidate for re-election 
in 1882, and in 1883 he ac- 
cepted the professorship of 
law in the newly organized 
University of Texas at Aus- 





tin. He is the author of: Governor Roberts's 
Texas (1881). He died in Austin, Texas, May 19, 
1898. 


ROBERTS, Robert Richford, M.E. bishop, was 
born in Frederick county, Md., Aug. 2, 1778; son 
of Robert Morgan and Mary (Richford) Roberts ; 
grandson of Thomas Richford of Kent county, 
Md. His paternal great-grandfather was a native 
of Wales. He removed to Ligonier valley, West- 
moreland county, Pa., with his parents in 1785, 
received a limited education and worked on a 
farm until 1802. He united with the Method- 
ist Episcopal church in 1792, and in 1796 re- 
moved to Shenango, now Mercer, county, Pa. 
He was married in 1798 to Elizabeth, daughter of 
Thomas Oldham of York county, Pa. He was 
licensed to preach in 1800, and was received on 
trial in the itinerant ministry of the Methodist 
Episcopal church by the Baltimore conference in 
1802, and appointed to the Carlisle, Pa., circuit. 
He was made deacon by Bishop Asbury, April 20, 
1804, and elder, March 20, 1806, and served on 
various circuits in Maryland, Pennsylvania and 
Virginia until consecrated bishop in the Method- 
ist Episcopal church by Bishop William McKen- 
dree, May 17, 1816. In 1819 he removed to Law- 
rence county, Ind., where he accomplished much 
for the western missions. See his ‘‘ Life” by the 
Rey. Charles Elliott (1853). He died in Lawrence 
county, Ind., March 26, 1848. 

ROBERTS, Thomas Paschall, civil engineer, 
was born in Carlisle, Pa., April 21, 1848; son of 
William Milnor (q.v.) and Anna Barbara (Gib- 
son) Roberts. He attended the Pennsylvania 
Agricultural college and later Dickinson college, 
Carlisle, Pa. He served as engineer under his 
father in the construction of the Dom Pedro II. 
railway in Brazil, 1863-65, and was employed by 
the U.S. government as assistant engineer on the 
Ohio river improvement, 1866-70. He was mar- 
ried, June 8, 1870, to Juliet Emma, daughter of 
James Monroe Christy, an attorney-at-law of 
Pittsburg, Pa. He was assistant engineer of the 
Montana division of the Northern Pacific railway, 


ROBERTS 


1870-72; examined the navigation of the Missouri 
river, including that portion of the river above 
the Great Falls, and his report was printed by the 
war department in 1874. He conducted the U.S. 
government surveys of the Upper Monongahela 
river in West Virginia in 1875, and was chief en- 
gineer of several railroads, 1876-84. He became 
chief engineer of the Monongahela Navigation 
company in 1884; conducted the surveys for a 
ship canal to connect the Ohio river with Lake 
Erie, via the Beaver and Mahoning rivers, in 
1895, and was closely identified with river im- 
provements for several years. He was vice-pres- 
ident of the Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburg, 
Pa., 1895 to 1901, president of the Society of Engi- 
neers of Western Pennsylvania, and a member of 
the Academy of Science. He is the author of: 
Memoir of the Late Chief-Justice Gibson of Penn- 
sylvania (1890). 

ROBERTS, William, clergyman, was born in 
Llamerchymedd, Anglesea, Wales, Sept. 25, 1809; 
son of Richard and Mary (Hughes) Roberts. 
He completed his education at the Presbyterian, 
Collegiate institute, Dublin, Ireland, in 1831, 
meanwhile assisting in founding the Welsh Pres- 
byterian church in that community. He was 
licensed to preach in 1829 and supplied churches 
in various parts of the principality until 1835, 
when he established a preparatory academy for 
young men at Holyhead, Wales. He was married 
first, Jan. 16, 1835, to Mary, daughter of John 
Evans of Abergele, Wales, who died, June 6, 1836 ; 
and secondly, March 4, 1848, to Katharine, daugh- 
ter of Henry Parry. He was pastor of the Mo- 
riah Welsh Presbyterian church, 1835-49 ; pastor 
of the Countess of Huntingdon’s chapel at Run- 
corn, England, 1849-55; of the Welsh Presby- 
terian church, New York city, 1855-68; in 
Scranton, Pa., 1869-75, and in Utica, N.Y., 1875- 
87. He edited Y Traethodydd (The Essayist), 
1867-71, and Y Cyfaill (The Friend), 1871-84. He 
was several times moderator of the general as- 
sembles of his church, and was prominent in 
the organization of the Alliance of the Reformed 
churches, representing his denomination at the 
formation of the Alliance in New York city. 1873. 
He received the honorary degree of D D. from the 
University of the City of New York in 1865. 
His biography was written in Welsh by E. C. 
Evans (1890). He diedin Utica, N.Y., Oct. 2, 1887. 

ROBERTS, William Charles, clergyman and 
educator, was born near Aberystwith, Cardigan- 
shire, South Wales, Sept. 23, 1832. His mother is 
said to have been related to the Welsh branch of 
the Jonathan Edwards family. His maternal 
uncle was president of Bala college, North Wales, 
and his cousin, Thomas Charles Edwards, D.D., 
principal of the University college of Wales. He 
left the Evans academy in Wales, March, 1849, and 


[498] 


1 


















ROBERTS 


‘came with his parents to the United States, land- 
ing in New York city in June of the same year. 
His father, mother and two of their children 
died of cholera soon after landing, leaving him 
the eldest of six orphan children. He spent the 
next two years in 
business, meantime 
keeping up his studies 
and taking some over- 
sight of the younger 
members of the fam- 
ily. At the expira- 
tion of that time he 
entered Dr. D. H. 
Pierson’s preparatory 
school at Elizabeth, 
N.J., and in 1852, en- 
tered the sophomore 
class in the College 
of New Jersey (now 
Princeton univer- 
sity). He was grad- 
uated with honors in 1855, and from the Prince- 
‘ton Theological seminary in 1858. fle suc- 
ceeded in paying a large part of his college ex- 
-penses by tutoring in Greek, mathematics and 
the modern languages in Delaware college and 
other places. He was married, Oct. 19, 1858, to 
Mary Louise, daughter of Ezra Bourne and Mar- 
ge ret Douan Fuller of Trenton, N.J. He studied 
law under Judge Patton in Penisylvania for some 
‘ime. He was pastor of the First Presbyterian 
church in Wilmington, Del., 1858-62; the First 
Presbyterian church, Columbus, Ohio, 1862-64; the 
pe ond Presbyterian church, 1864-66, and the 
Westminster church, Elizabeth, N.J., 1866-81. 

B He was made trustee of the College of New Jersey 
at Princeton in 1866, and was twenty years chair- 
of the committee on the curriculum. He was 
rresponding secretary of the Board of Home 
sions, 1881-86, president, 1881; senior secretary, 
98, and president of Lake Forest university, 
inois, 1886-92. He declined the presidency of 
ers college in 1882, and the chair of didactic 
logy inthe Western Theological seminary, 
2 heny, Pa., in 1886. In 1898 he was elected 
ent of Centre college, Kentucky, and was 
y instrumental in bringing about a consoli- 
n of Centre college and the Centre university 
er the name of Central University of Ken- 
, being the first president under the new 
ization. He was moderator of the synod 
a umbus, 1864, and of the synod of New 

rsey, 1875, a delegate to the general Presby- 

arian council in Edinburgh, 1877, to the general 
ouncil in Belfast, 1884, and ch the council in 































gree of D.D, from Union college, 1871, and that 


* council, Glasgow, 


ROBERTS 


of LL. D. from the College of New Jersey (Prince- 
ton university) 1886. He is the author of: A 
Translation of the Shorter Catechism into Welsh 
(1864) ; Letters on Eminent Welsh Ch rgymen 
(1868) ; Letters on Travels in Egypt and Pales- 
tine (published in England and the United States); 
New Testament Conversions (1896) ; and various 
special sermons, addresses and magazine contri- 
butions in English, Welsh and German. 

ROBERTS, William Henry, librarian and 
clergyman, was born at Holyhead, Wales, Jan. 31, 
1844 ; son of the Rev. William (q.v.)and Katharine 
(Parry) Roberts. He came to the United States 
with his parents in 1855, and was graduated from 
the College of the City of New York, A.B., 1863, 
A.M., 1866. He was statistical clerk of the U.S. 
treasury department, 1863-66, and assistant libra- 
rian of congress, 1866-71. He was married, June 
11, 1867, to Sarah Esther, daughter of William 
and Caroline A. McLean of Washington, D.C. 
He was graduated at the Princeton Theolog- 
ical seminary in 1873; ordained by the presby- 
tery of Elizabeth, N.J., Dec. 7, 1873, and pas- 
tor at Cranford, N.J., 1873-77. He was librarian 
of Princeton Thelogical seminary, 1877-86 ; pro- 
fessor of practical theology at Lane Theological 
seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1886-93, where he was 
also stated supply of the Second Presbyterian 
church, 1889-90, and was pastor at Trenton, N.J., 
1894-98, in which latter year he removed to Phila- 
delphia, Pa. He served as clerk of the general 
assembly of the Presbyterian church from 1884 ; 
as American secretary of the Alliance of Reformed 
Churches from 1888; was treasurer of the Cen- 
tenary fund, 1888, of the Anniversary Reunion 
fund, 1895-96, and of the Twentieth Century 
fund, 1900-02; moderator of the synod of Ohio, 
1891, and president of the Pan-Presbyterian 
Scotland, 1896. He received 
the honorary degree of D.D. from the Western 
University of Pennsylvania in 1884, and that of 
L.L.D. from Miami university in 1887. He 
edited the Catalogue of the Library of Princeton 
Theological Seminary (1881) ; The Minutes of the 
General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 
the United States (17 vols., 1884-1900), and Ad- 
dresses at the 250th Anniversary of the West- 
minster Assembly (1898), and is the author of: 
History of the Presbyterian Church (1888) ; The 
Presbyterian System (1895); Laws Relating to 
Religious Corporations (1896) ; Manual for Rul- 
ing Elders (1897). 

ROBERTS, William Milnor, civil engineer, 
was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 12, 1810; son 
of Thomas Paschall and Maria Louise (Baker) 
Roberts ; grandson of Abraham and Rachel (Mil- 
nor) Roberts and of Hilary Baker, who, in the 
performance of his duty as mayor of Philadelphia 
among the sick and dead during the terrible epi- 


[499] 


ROBERTS 


demic of yellow fever in 1793, lost his own life ; 
and a descendant of Hugh Roberts (born in 
Wales in 1645), who arrived in Philadelphia with 
William Penn in 1682. He was a pupil of the 
first school founded by the Franklin Institute ; 
was chairman on the Union canal surveys in 1825 ; 
superintendent of a division of the Lehigh canal, 
1828-30 ; resident engineer of the Union railroad 
and the Union canal feeder, 1830-31 ; chief engi- 
neer of the Alleghany Mountains Portage railroad, 
1831-84, and constructed the first combined rail- 
road and passenger bridge in the United States 
at Harrisburg, over the Susquehanna river, Pa., 
in 1836. Between the years 1835-57, he was chief 
engineer of the Harrisburg and Lancaster rail- 
road ; the Cumberland Valley railroad ; the Pitts- 
burg and Connellsville railroad, 1847-56; the 
Bellefontaine and Indiana railroad; the Alle- 
ghany Valley railroad ; the Iron Mountain railroad 
of Missouri; the Keokuk, Des Moines and Min- 
nesota railroad, and the Keokuk, Mt. Pleasant and 
Muscatine railroad. He engineered the con- 
struction of the Monongahela river slackwater 
navigation, 1838-40 ; the Pennsylvania state canal, 
the Erie canal, the Welland canal enlargement 
and of the Sandy and Beaver canal, Ohio. He 
was employed on the construction of the Dom 
Pedro II railroad in Brazil, 1857-65; was asso- 
ciated with James B. Eads in the construction of 
the bridge across the Missouri river at St. Louis, 
Mo., 1868-70 ; was chief engineer of the North- 
ern Pacific railroad, 1870-74; was a commis- 
sioner under appointment of President Grant to 
report on the proposed improvements of the mouth 
of the Mississippi; and was chief of the commis- 
sion to examine the harbors and rivers of Brazil, 
and report upon their improvement, 1879-81. He 
married, Jan. 5, 1837, Anna Barbara, daughter 
of Chief-Justice John Bannister Gibson of Carlisle, 
Pa. He was president of the American Society 
of Civil Engineers; fellow of the American 
Geographical society, and a member of the Eng- 
lish Institute of Engineers. He died in Brazil, 
S. A., July 14, 1882. 

ROBERTS, William Randall, diplomatist, 
was born in county Cork, lreland, Feb. 6, 1830. 
He received a classical education and came to 
the United States in 1849, engaging in the dry 
goods business in New York city, 1849-59, and 
afterwards devoting himself to the study of the 
_ social and political condition of his fellow coun- 
trymen in Ireland. He became president of the 
Fenian Brotherhood in 1865, and in 1866 actively 
promoted the raid into Canada led by O’Neil, for 
which he was imprisoned by the U.S. govern- 
ment. Hewas a Democratic representative from 
New York city in the 42d and 43d congresses, 
1871-75; was a member of the New York board of 
aldermen in 1877, and was the defeated candi- 


7 


ROBERTSON 


date for sheriff in 1879. He was appointed U.S. 
minister to Chili by President Cleveland in 1885, 
and in May, 1888, he was stricken by paralysis, 
was brought back to New York in 1889, and re- 
mained a helpless invalid until his death, which 
occurred in New York city, Aug. 9, 1897. 
ROBERTSON, Beverly Holcombe, soldier, was 
born in Amelia county, Va., June 5, 1827; son 
of Dr. William Henry and Martha Maria (Hol- 
combe) Robertson, and grandson of James and 
Anne (Archer) Robertson and of Philemon and 
Martha (Hardaway) Holcombe. He was gradu- 
ated from the U.S. Military academy and bre- 
vetted 2d lieutenant, 2d dragoons, July 1, 1849, 
serving at the Cavalry School for Practice, Car- 
lisle, Pa., 1849-50. He was promoted 2d lieuten- 
ant, July 25, 1850; served on frontier and scout- 
ing duty in New Mexico and Texas, 1850-53 ; in 
Kansas, 1854-56; was promoted 1st lieutenant, 
March 3, 1855, and engaged during the Sioux 
expedition in the action at Blue Water, Neb., 
Sept. 8, 1855. He was married, March 26, 1855, 
to Virginia Neville, daughter of Julius D. and 
Neville (Christie) Johnston of St. Louis, Mo., 
who died, Sept. 23, 1869. He participated in the 
Pawnee expedition, 1859; served at Fort Critten- 
den, Utah, as adjutant, 2d dragoons, from Aug. 
20, 1860 to March 3, 1861; was promoted captain, 
March 3, 1861, and on Aug. 8, 1861, was dismissed 
from the U.S. service and entered the Confeder- 
ate States army. He was promoted brigadier- 
general, June 3, 1862, and on June 17, 1862, when 
General Jackson moved his troops from Shenan- 
doah valley, after the battle of Port Republic, 
Va., was left in command of the cavalry. In the 
second battle of Bull Run, he commanded a bri- 
gade in Gen. James E. B. Stuart’s cavalry divi- 
sion, co-operating with General Jackson. On 
Dec. 16, 1862, with about 3300 men he engaged 
15,000 men under Gen. John G. Foster at White 
Hall, near Goldsboro, N.C., and after a fight of 


four hours Foster was forced back with heavy — 


loss, Robertson’s loss being 54 men. At Gettys- 
burg, July 1-8, 1863, he was ordered by General 
Stuart to hold ‘* Ashley’s and Snicker’s ” gaps to- 
prevent Hooker from interrupting the march of — 
Lee’s army. He intercepted the Federal advance 
at Fairfield, and captured Major Samuel H. 


Starr in command of the 6th U.S. Cavalry, who — 


was wounded, and also several of his staff. After 
this victory Robertson was detailed to cover the 
wagon trains of Lee’s army, his brigade being — 
the last to cross the Potomac on its return to 
Virginia. 
command of the coast line between Charleston 
and Savannah. On the morning of June 9, 1864, 
he attacked, in their entrenchments on John’s 
Island, three brigades of Federals, who retreated 
to their gunboats. For this fight both branches 


[500] 


In the autumn of 1863 he assumed — 





{ 





ROBERTSON 




















































of the South Carolina legislature passed a vote of 
thanks in the fall ef 1864, soon after meeting. 
‘He subsequently took part in the engagements at 
Little Britain, Tulafinny, Coosawhatchie and 
Honey Hill or Pocotaligo. He engaged in the 
protection of the rear of Gen. Joseph E. Johns- 
ton’s army when pursued by Sherman through 
the Carolinas, and surrendered with him at Dur- 
ham, N.C. After the war, General Robertson 
éngaged for three years in farming in Amelia 
county, Va. ; had charge of branch offices of the 
Equitable Life Assurance company at Chicago 
and Washington, D.C., 1873-84, and in 1884 en- 
gaged in real estate business in Washington, 
D.C., where he was still in business in 1903. 
ROBERTSON, Charles Franklin, 2d bishop 
of Missouri and 89th in succession in the Ameri- 
ean episcopate, was born in New York city, 
March 2, 1835; son of James and Mary A. Robert- 
son. He was educated in private schools and 
gaged with his father in business, which he 
abandoned in 1855 to prepare for the ministry. 
He was graduated at Yale, A.B., 1859, A.M., 1862, 
and at the General Mieciopical seminary, New 
York city, in 1862 ; was ordered deacon, June 29, 
62, and advanced to the priesthood, Oct. 23, 
62. He was married, Aug. 7, 1861, to Carrie R. 
Brisbin of Sherburne, N.Y.; and secondly, in 
September, 1865, to Rebecca Duane of Malone, 
N -Y. He was rector of St. Mark’s, Malone, 1862- 
St. James’s, Batavia, N.Y., in 1868, and was 
the same year elected second bishop of Missouri. 
He was consecrated in Grace church, New York 
y, Oct. 25, 1868, by Bishops B. B. Smith, Mc- 
skry and Johns, assisted by Bishops H. W. 
and Horatio Potter. He was vice-president 
the St. Louis Social Science association and 
he National Conference of Charities and Cor- 
ions, and a member of the Virginia, Mary- 
nd, Southern Missouri and Wisconsin historical 
ies. He received the degree D.D. from 
mbia in 1868, and from the University of the 
in 1883, and LL.D. from the University of 
uriin 1883. He is the author of papers on 
ical Societies in Relation to Local Histori- 
fort (1883): The American Revolution and 
lississippt Valley (1884); The Attempt to 
rate the West from the American Union 
5), and The Purchase of the Louisiana Terri- 
Or * its Influence on the American System 
88 He died in St. Louis, Mo., May 1, 1886. 
RO! BERTSON, Edward White, P reseoniative, 
aS born near Nashville, Tenn., June 13, 1823; 
5 on of James and Cinplotte (Reeves) Robert- 
He removed to Iberville parish, La., with 
rents in 1825; attended the University of 
Ne shy e, and studied law, 1845-46. He served 
orderly sergeant of 2d Louisiana volunteers 
Mexican war in 1846 ; was a representative 


ROBERTSON 


in the state legislature, 1847-49 and 1857-62, and 
was graduated at the University of Louisiana, 
LL.B. in 1850, settling in practice in Iberville 
parish. In March, 1862, he entered the Confede- 
rate States army as captain of Louisiana infantry, 
and was engaged in the Vicksburg campaign, 
and in the siege of Vicksburg, after which he 
saw no active service. He resumed practice at 
Baton Rouge, La., in 1865; was a Democratic 
representative in the 45th-47th congresses, 1877- 
83, and in the 50th congress, March-August, 1887, 
He died in Washington, D.C., Aug. 2, 1887. 
ROBERTSON, George, jurist, was born in Mer- 
cer county, Ky., Nov. 18, 1790 ; son of Alexander 
and Margaret (Robinson) Robertson ; grandson of 
James Robertson, and reeratdies of James 
Robertson, who emigrated from Coleraine, Ire- 
land, to America about 1737, and settled in Vir- 
ginia. His father removed to Mercer county, 
Ky., in 1779; was a member of the Virginia con- 
vention to consider the United States constitu- 
tion and of the Virginia house of burgesses in 
1788. George Robertson was fitted for college 
under Joshua Fry ; attended Transylvania uni- 
versity, 1805-06, and was an assistant in the Rev. 
Samuel Finley’s classical school at Lancaster, Ky., 
1807-08. He studied law under Gen. Martin D. 
Hardin at Frankfort and Samuel McKee of Lan- 
caster ; was admitted to the bar in 1809; was 
married in November, 1809, to Eleanor, daughter 
of Dr. Peter and Eleanor (McIntosh) Bainbridge 
of Lancaster, Ky., and settled in practice in Lan- 
caster. He was a representative from Kentucky 
in the 15th and 16th congresses, 1817-21, serving 
as chairman of the committee on public lands and 
as a member of the committees on the judiciary 
and internal improvements. He drew up and in- 
troduced the bill to establish a territorial govern- 
ment in Arkansas, to which John W. Taylor (q.v.) 
offered the amendment interdicting slavery. He 
also introduced the system of selling public lands 
to actual settlers in small lots at a cash price of 
$1.25 peracre. He declined the office of attorney- 
general of Kentucky and judge of the Fayette 
circuit and also the chair of law in Transylvania 
university in 1821. He represented Garrard 
county in the state legislature, 1823-27, where he 
opposed the relief act intended to make the de- 
preciated notes of the state banks legal tender. 
He was speaker of the house in 1828, and 1825-27, 
He declined the appointment of governor of Ar- 
kansas Territory offered by President Monroe, the 
office of U.S. minister to Colombia in 1824, and of 
that to Peru in 1828, and also the nomination for 
governor of Kentucky in 1827. He was secretary 
of the state of Kentucky in 1828; a justice of the 
court of appeals of Kentucky in 1829, and chief 
justice of the court of appeals, 1830-43, resuming 
active practice at the bar in 1843; was professor 


[501] 


ROBERTSON 


of law in Transylvania university, 1834-57; rep- 
resented Fayette county in the Kentucky legisla- 
ture in 1848 and 1851-53, and served a second 
term as justice of the court of appeals for the 
second district of Kentucky, 1864-71, part of the 
time as acting chief justice. He received the 
degree of LL.D. from Centre college in 1835 and 
from Augusta college. Robertson county, Ky., 
was named in his honor. His published works 
include: Introductory Lecture to the Law Class 
(1836); Biographical Sketch of John Boyle (1888); 
Scrap-Book on Law, Politics, Men and Times 
(1856), and speeches, lectures, legal arguments 
and addresses. His autobiography was published, 
1876. He died in Lexington, Ky., May 16, 1874. 

ROBERTSON, Harrison, journalist andauthor, 
was born in Murfreesboro, Tenn. ; son of Thomas 
and Elizabeth (Elliott) Robertson. He attended 
Union university and the University of Virginia, 
and after leaving college removed to Louisville, 
Ky., where he engaged in journalism, becoming 
connected with the Courier-Journal, of which he 
was associate editor in 1903, and in the conduct 
of which he made that paper’s famous political 
campaign against its party’s Presidential ticket 
and platform in 1896. He is the author of the 
novels: If I Were a Man (1899); Red Blood and 
Blue (1900); The Inlander (1901); The Opponents 
(1902), and of several short stories and poems, the 
best known of which are: How the Derby Was 
Won, Aprille and Coquette. 

ROBERTSON, James, pioneer, was born in 
Brunswick county, Va., June 28, 1742; of Scotch- 
Trish descent. In 1750 his parents removed to 
Wake county, N.C., where he worked on his 
father’s farm, and was married in 1767 to Char- 
lotte Reeves (1751- 
1843) of Virginia. 
Having joined Daniel 
Boone’s third expedi- 
tion across the Alle- 
ghany mountains in 
1769, he came upon a 
valley in the pres- 
ent Watauga county, 
N.C., which he con- 
jectured was a part 
of Virginia, and 
which seemed to him 
a feasible location for 
a settlement. Ac- 
cordingly he planted 
corn; returned home, and in the spring of 1770 con- 
ducted sixteen families to the valley, where they 
continued to prosper, although, as it subsequently 
appeared, they had taken possession of land be- 
longing to the Cherokees, from whom they were 
obliged to obtain a lease. In 1772 Capt. John 
Sevier (q.v.) of Virginia joined the settlement, 





ROBERTSON . 


and in 1776 the fort which he had built was at- 
tacked by the Indians under their chief, Oconos- 
tota, aided by the British. During the siege of 
twenty days that followed Robertson served as 
lieutenant under Sevier, and with a force of forty 
men they succeeded in driving off the assailants, 
For his conduct in this affair Lieutenant Robert- 
son was appointed by the governor of North Car- 
olina to defend Watauga county azainst further 
assaults from Oconostota. On Dec. 25, 1779, he 
made a second settlement on the present site of 
Nashville, Tenn., which was soon augmented by 
the Watauga settlers under Sevier, Robertson 
acting as civil and military head of the combined 
forces, 256 in number. These, however, were 
soon greatly reduced by the attacks of the In- 
dians, desertion and starvation, and the 134 re- 
maining threatened to abandon the settlement, 
Robertson sought out Daniel Boone in Kentucky, 
from whom he obtained ammunition. On April 
2, 1781, he defended the fort of Nashville against 
1,000 Indians, in which attack he would have 
been killed save for the heroic intervention of his 
wife. He subsequently succeeded in thwarting 
the British control of the Choctaws and Chicka- 
saws, and effected terms of peace with the Chero- 
kees. 
defend his settlement against Alexander MeGilli- 


vray, chief of the Creek Indians, who was aided 


by the Spanish in Louisiana, and with his force 
of about 500 men Robertson performed many 
remarkable deeds of gallantry, stubbornly refus- 
ing all terms offered by the Spanish government 
to aid in increasing the discontent of the settlers 


of Tennessee by holding out the advantages of a — 


direct communication with the Mississippi through 
their territory. He was appointed brigadier- 
general, U.S. army by President Washington in 
1790, and U.S. Indian commissioner. 
the Chickasaw region, Tenn., Sept. 1, 1814. ‘ 

ROBERTSON, John, representative, was born 
at ‘‘ Belfield,” near Petersburg, Va.. in 1787. He- 
wasa brother of Thomas Bolling Robertson (q.v.). 
He was graduated at William and Mary college, 
practised law in Richmond, and was attorney- 
general of the state. He was a Whig representa- 
tive from Virginia in the 23d congress, complet- 
ing the term of Andrew Stevenson, and was re- 
elected to the 24th and 25th congresses, serving 


from Dec. 8, 1834, to March 3, 1839. He was a 


judge of the circuit court of Virginia for several 
years, and sent by Virginia to dissuade the south- 
ern states from extreme measures, at the same 
time John Tyler was despatched on a similar 
errand to President Buchanan. He was married 
to Anne Trent. He is the author of: Riego, or 
the Spanish Martyr, a tragedy (1872), and Opus- 
cula, poems. He died at ‘‘Mount Athos,” near 
Lynchburg, Va., July 5, 1873. 


[5021] 





From 1784 until 1796 he was compelled to — 





He died in 




















































ROBERTSON 


ROBERTSON, Morgan, author, was born in 
Oswego, N.Y., Sept. 30, 1861; son of Andrew and 
R ath (Glasford) Robertson, and a descendant of 
William Chillingworth. He attended the com- 
aie schools and Cooper institute, New York city, 
1866-77, followed the life of a sailor, 1877-86, vis- 
ting the maritime ports of the world, and in 1886 
entered the jewelry business in New York city. 
He was married, May 27, 1894, to Alice M., daugh- 
ter of William and Anna (Ross) Doyle of New 
York. He is the author of: A Tale of a Halo 
(1894); Spun Yarn (1898); Where Angels Fear to 
Tread (1899); Masters of Men (1901); Shipmates 
(1901); Sinful Peck (1903); Down to the Sea (1903), 
and short stories of the sea for various periodicals. 
ROBERTSON, Samuel Matthews, represen- 
tative, was born in Plaquemine, La., Jan, 1, 
52; son of Edward White Robertson (q.v.). 
attended the Collegiate institute of Baton 
uge, and was graduated from the Louisiana 
e university in 1874. He was admitted to 
the bar in 1877; settled in practice in Baton 
Rouge, and represented East Baton Rouge in 
ih e Louisiana legislature, 1879-83. He.was pro- 
or of natural history and commandant. of 
vadets in Louisiana State university and Agri- 
sultural and Mechanical college at Baton Rouge, 
1880 -87. He was elected a Democratic repre- 
entative in the 50th congress from the sixth 
Louisiana district, to fill the vacancy caused by 
death of his father in 1887, and was re-elected 
the 51st-58th congresses, 1889-1905. 
BERTSON, Thomas Bolling, governor of 
jana, was born at *‘ Belfield,” near Peters- 
burg, Va., in 1773; son of William and Elizabeth 
Bolling) Robertson ; grandson of William Robert- 
on and of Thomas and Elizabeth (Gay) Bolling, 
and a descendant of Poca- 
hontas. His father emigrated 
from Edinburgh, Scotland, 
and settled in Bristol parish, 
Va. Thomas B. Robertson 
was graduated at William 
and Mary college; was ad- 
mitted to the bar, and en- 
in practice at Petersburg, removing to 
s territory in 1805, and soon after be- 
ng its attorney-general. He was appointed 
ry of the territory by President Jeffer- 
mporarily, Aug. 12, permanently, Noy. 
ri and was recommissioned, Dec. 5, 1811. 
‘served as district attorney ex officio in 
was elected the first representative from 
tate of Louisiana to the 12th congress 
elected to the 13th, 14th and 15th con- 
serving from Dec. 238, 1812, to the close 
rst session of the 15th congress, April 20, 
hen he resigned, Thomas Butler com- 
ng his term. He was governor of Louisiana, 


ROBERTSON 


1820-24, resigning in November of the latter year 
to become U.S. judge for the district of Loui- 
siana, which position he held until a short time 
before his death, when he returned to Virginia. 
He was married to Lelia, daughter of Governor 
Fulwar Skipwith of West Florida, and his wife, 
who previous to her marriage was Miss Vander- 
clooster, a Flemish countess. He visited Paris 
during the last days of the Empire, and wrote 
letters to his family which were published in the 
Richmond Enquirer, and in book form entitled 
Events in Paris (1816). Governor Robertson 
died at White Sulphur Springs, Va., Nov. 5, 1828. 
ROBERTSON, Thomas James, senator, was 
born in Fairfield district, S.C., Aug. 3, 1823. His 
ancestors were active Whigs in the Revolutionary 
war. He was graduated at South Carolina col- 
lege in 1843, and began to study medicine, but 
later engaged successfully in planting. He was 
aide-de-camp to Governor Allston, 1857-58, re- 
mained a firm supporter of the Federal govern- 
ment during the civil war; was a member of the 
state constitutional convention, under the recon- 
struction acts of congress in 1865, and on the first 
meeting of the legislature under the new consti- 
tution in 1868, was elected with F. A. Sawyer to 
the U.S. senate, and drew the short term expiring 
March 3, 1871. He was re-elected in 1870 for a 
full term, serving from July 10, 1868, to March 8, 
1877. He was chairman of the committee on 
manufactures. He resumed planting in 1877, and 
died at Columbia, 8.C., Oct. 138, 1897. 
ROBERTSON, Wyndham, governor of Vir- 
ginia, was born in Richmond, Va., Jan. 26, 1808 ; 
son of William and Elizabeth (Bolling) Robert- 
son, and brother of Thomas Bolling (q.v.) and 
John (q.v.) Robertson. He was graduated at 
William and Mary college in 1821; admitted to 
the bar in 1824, and settled in practice in Rich- 
mond. He visited London and Paris in 1827 
was senior member of the state council, 1830-36, 
and prominent in matters of internal improve- 
ment in Virginia, succeeding to the office of 
governor on the resignation of Littleton Waller 
Tazewell, April 30, 1836, which office he filled 
until March, 1887. He represented Richmond in 
the state legislature, 1838-41 ; 
engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits, 1842-57, and repre- ¢ 
sented Richmond in the house § 
of delegates, 1860-65. He re- 2 
sisted the proposal of South 
Carolina to form a Southern 
Confederacy, and after the 
secession of the cotton states urged Virginia to 
stand neutral. He was chairman of the.anti-co- 
ercion committee, and presented the resolution 
by which Virginia agreed to reject secession, but 
declared her intention to fight with the southern 





vs (503) 





ROBESON 


states if they were attacked. He was married to 
Mary F. T. Smith. He is the author of: Pocha- 
hontas alias Matoaka, and her Descendants 
through her Marriage with John Rolfe (1887), 
and a Vindication of the Course of Virginia 
throughout the Slave Controversy (MS.). He died 
in Washington county, Va., Feb. 11, 1888. 

ROBESON, George Maxwell, cabinet officer, 
was born at Oxford Furnace, in Belvidere, N.J., 
in 1829; son of William P. and Anna (Maxwell) 
Robeson, and a descendant of Andrew Robeson, 
surveyor-general of New Jersey in 1668, The 
family is of Scotch descent. Andrew Robeson 
was a graduate of Oxford university, and his son 
Jonathan named the spot where in 1741 he planted 
the first iron furnace in Morris county, N.J., for 
that reason. He was graduated at the College of 
New Jersey, A.B., 1847, A.M., 1850; studied law 
under Chief-Justice Hornblower in Newark, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1850, He settled in 
practice in Newark, but shortly removed to Cam- 
den, N.J., where he was prosecutor of the pleas 
for Camden county, 1858; was active in organiz- 
ing the state troops for service in the civil war, 
and was commissioned brigadier-general by Goy- 
ernor Parker. He was attorney-general of New 
Jersey, 1867-69, resigning, June 22, 1869, to accept 
the portfolio of the navy in President Grant’s 
cabinet, and held the office from June 25, 1869, to 
March 8, 1877, also serving as secretary of war 
for a time in 1876 on the resignation of William 
W. Belknap. His official conduct as secretary of 
the navy was the subject of congressional inves- 
tigation in 1876 and 1878, but in both cases the 
judiciary committee of the house found that the 
charges against him were not sustained. He was 
married, Jan. 23, 1872, to Mary Isabella (Ogston) 
Aulick, a widow, with a son, Richmond Aulick 
(Princeton, 1889). They had one daughter, Ethel 
Maxwell. He was a Republican representative 
from the first New Jersey district in the 46th and 
47th congresses, 1879-83; was defeated in 1882 
for the 48th congress, and in 1883 resumed the 
practice of law in Trenton, N.J., where he died, 
Sept. 27, 1897. 

ROBESON, Henry Bellows, naval officer, was 
born in New Haven, Conn., Aug. 5, 1842; son of 
Dr, Abel Bellows and Susan (Taylor) Robeson ; 
grandson of Maj. Jonas and Susan (Bellows) 
Robeson and of the Rey. Dr. Nathaniel William 
and Rebecca (Hine) Taylor, and a descendant of 
William Robinson of Watertown and Lexington, 
Mass., who died in March, 1698; of John Whit- 
ney, who settled in Watertown in 1635, and of 
the Rev. Nathaniel Taylor (1722-1800) of New 
Milford, Conn., and through him of Daniel Tay- 
lor, one of the first settlers of New Milford, about 
1638. He was appointed acting midshipman in 
the U.S. navy, Sept. 25, 1856; midshipman, June 


ROBIE 


15, 1860, and master, Sept. 19, 1861. He served 
on blockade duty during the civil war; was en- 
gaged in the attack on Fort McRae, Noy, 23, 
1861, and in the defence of Charleston, April 7, 
1863; commanded the landing party from the 
New Ironsides in the assault and capture of the 
Confederate works on the lower part of Morris 
Island, July 10, 1863, and took part in the bom- 
bardments of Forts Wagner, Sumter and Moul- 
trie. He was promoted lieutenant, July 16, 1862, 
and was attached to the Colorado of the North 
Atlantic blockading squadron, commanding the 
landing party in the assault of Fort Fisher, Jan. 


































































































“THE BOMBARDMENT —_ FORT FISHER 


15, 1865. He was commissioned lieutenant-com- 
mander, July 25, 1866, and commander, Feb. 12, 
1874, and was flag-lieutenant of the Asiatic 
squadron, 1867-70. He was married, June 11, 
187 
Nelson and Mary (Nichols) Bellows of Walpole, 
N.H. He commanded the U.S.S. Vandalia, 1876- 
79; was stationed at the Naval academy, 1879-83, 
and commanded the U.S.S. Constitution 1n 1883. 
He was promoted captain, Aug. 25, 1887; com- 
modore, Feb. 1, 1898, and was placed on the re- 
tired list with the rank of rear-admiral, March 
28, 1899. He was captain of the navy yard at 
Portsmouth, N.H., 1895-98 ; was a member of 
the advisory board for the construction of new 
cruisers, 1888-89 : commanded the U.S.S. Chicago, 
1889-91, and was supervisor of the harbor of New 
York, 1891-93. 

ROBIE, Frederick, governor of Maine, was 
born in Gorham, Maine, Aug. 12, 1822; son of 
the Hon. Toppan and Sarah Thaxter (Lincoln) 
Robie ; grandson of Edward and Sarah (Webster) 
Robie of Chester, N.H., and of John and Bethiah 
(Thaxter) Lincoln. His first direct American 
ancestor was Henry Robie of Dunbarton, Eng- 
land, who first settled in Exeter, N.H., 
and soon afterward in Hampton, N.H. His first 


direct American ancestor on his mother’s side — 


was Samuel Lincoln, who came from Old Hing- 
ham, England, and settled in New Hingham, 
Mass., in the year 1637. It is generally supposed 
that he was the first American ancestor of Pres- 
ident Abraham Lincoln. Frederick Robie was 
graduated from Bowdoin college in 1841; taught 
school in Georgia and Florida; and was graduated 


[504] 


in 1639, 


2, to Katherine, daughter of the Rev. John — 


~ 
















































ROBINS 


from Jefferson Medical college in 1844; practised 
. Biddeford, Maine, 1844-55; in Waldoboro, 
55-58, and in Gorham, 1858-61. He was ap- 
pointed paymaster in the U.S. army in 1861; 
was brevetted lieutenant-colonel in 1865, and 
ved until July 20, 1866. He was a member of 
he executive council of Maine, 1861, and three 
ubsequent terms ; state senator, 1866-67 ; repre- 
er patative in the state legislature for ten terms, 
ving as oma in 1872and 1876, and governor 
of the state, 1883-87. He was 
a member of the Republican 
. national convention in 1872; 
4, member of the Republican 
Fr) state committee for several 
years; commissioner to the 
Paris exposition; Worthy 
Master of the Patrons of Hus- 
vandry of the State of Maine, 1882-90, and also 
ommander of the department of Maine, G.A.R. 
as the originator of the Western Maine Nor- 
school, Gorham, one of its principal build- 
gs being named Frederick Robie Hall in his 
onor. He was twice married: first, Nov. 27, 
i847, to Olevia M., daughter of Jonathan and 
Mary Scammon can Priest of Biddeford, 
Mai e; she died in November, 1898. He was 
arried, secondly, Jan. 10, 1900, to Martha E., 
laughter of Alvin and Sarah (Flag) Cressey of 
rorham, Maine. 

k ROBINS, Henry Ephraim, educator, was born 
1 Hartford, Conn., Sept. 30, 1827; son of Gurdon 


Pars) 


wikins and Julia (Savage) Robins; grandson of 
jphraim and Abigail (Caulkins) Robins and of 
imothy and Sarah (Collins) Savage, and a des- 
sendant of Nicholas Robbins, Duxbury, Mass., 
38, and of Hugh Caulkins, Lynn, Mass., free- 
man in 1642, He prepared for college at Con- 

ticut Literary institution, Suffield ; engaged 
»book business and in private study until 
as a student at Fairmont Theological 
, Cincinnati, pt: and was graduated 


; ordained at Hartford, Conn., Dec. 6, 
as associate pastor, Central Baptist church, 





Ba ptist church, Rochester, N.Y., 1867-73 ; 


ident of Colby university, Waterville, Maine, 


ROBINSON 


1873--82, and was elected professor of Christian 
ethics at the Rochester Theological seminary in 
1882. He was married, Aug. 11, 1864, to Martha 
J., daughter of the Rev. Isaac and Ann (Parker) 
Bird of Hartford, Ct.; she died in 1867. He was 
married, secondly, Sept. 4, 1872, to Margaret, 
daughter of Prof. John F. and Catherine Eliza- 
beth (Sayles) Richardson of Rochester, N.Y: 
She died in 1873, and he was married, thirdly, 
Aug. 7, 1878, to Cordelia Ewell, 
Handel Gershom and Lydia C, 
of New Haven, Conn. She died in 1888. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him 
by the University of Rochester in 1868, and that 


daughter of 
(Kingman) Nott 


of LL.D. by Colby university in 1890. He is the 
author of: Harmony of Ethics with Theology 


(1891); The Christian Idea of Education, Dis- 
tinguished from the Secular Idea of Edueation 
(1896); The Ethics of the Christian Life (in prep- 
aration, 1903). 
ROBINSON, Benjamin Lincoln, botanist, was 
born in Bloomington, Ill., Nov. 8, 1864; son of 
ames Harvey and Latricia Maria (Drake) Robin- 
son; grandson of Benjaminand Ruhama (Wood) 
Robinson and of the Rev. Benjamin Bradner and 
Melinda (Parsons) Drake, and a descendant in 
the eighth generation through Isaac Robinson, 
Plymouth, 1630, of Rev. John Robinson of Ley- 
den, the leader of the Puritans. He attended the 
Illinois State Normal school, and was graduated 
from Harvard in 1887, He was married, June 29, 
1887, to Margaret Louise, daughter of William 
Henry and Mary Ann (McMahon) Casson of Henne- 
pin, Ill, He studied at Strassburg and Bonn uni- 
versities, receiving the degree of Ph.D.from Strass- 
burg in i889. He was appointed curator of the Gray 
Herbarium in 1892, and Asa Gray professor of 
systematic botany at Harvard university in 1900. 
He was elected a fellow of the American Academy 
of Arts and Sciences; a fellow of the American 
Association for the Advancement of Science; a 
non-resident member of Washington Academy 
of Sciences ; a member of the Botanical Society 
of America, and served as its president in 1900. 
He edited the later parts of the Synoptical Ilora 
of North America (1895-97), and Rhodora, the 
journal of the New England Botanical club, and 
wrote many papers on the classification of the 
higher plants of North America and Mexico. 
ROBINSON, Beverly, soldier, born in 
Virginia in 1723; son of John Robinson, who 
was president of the Virginia council, 1734, and 
speaker of the house of burgesses. He entered 
the military service; was appointed major, and 
participated in the capture of Quebee under Gen- 
eral Wolfe, 1759. He married Susanna (1728- 
1822), daughter of Frederick (1690-1751) Philipse, 
and sister of Frederick Philipse (q.v.), who had 
inherited from her father a vast amount of prop- 


was 


[505] 


ROBINSON 


erty on the Hudson river. At the outbreak of 
the Revolution Major Robinson removed to New 
York, where he became colonel of the American 
Loyal regiment, which he had himself raised, 
and also commanded the corps of ‘‘ guards and 
pioneers.” He was frequently engaged in the 
service of the royalists, and his horne, known as 
the Beverly mansion, sheltered André while 
carrying out Arnold’s plans. Colonel Robinson 
interceded for André’s release through corres- 
pondence with Washington, and subsequently 
for his life at the latter’s headquarters. (The 
Bevecly mansion, containing many valuable 
historical relics, was burned in 1892). At the 
close of the Revolutionary war, Colonel Robinson 
removed to New Brunswick, Canada, where he 
refused a seat in the first colonial council, and 
finally made his permanent home in Thornbury, 
near Bath, England. His wife’s property having 
been confiscated, he was awarded £17,000 sterl- 
ing by the British government. Of his children, 
Beverly (1755--1816), a graduate of King’s college, 
1778, was lieutenant-colonel of his father’s regi- 
ment; Morris (1759-1815), served in the war of 
the Revolution as a captain in the Queen’s 
Rangers ; John (1761-1828), was a lieutenant in 
the Loyal American regiment; Sir Frederick 
Phillipse (1763--1852), was temporarily in charge 
of the government of Upper Canada, 1815-16; 
became general of the British forces in the West 
Indies, and also a Knight of the Grand Cross of 
the Order of the Bath, and William Henry 
(1766-1836), was head of the commissariat de- 
partment of the British army. Col. Beverly 
Robinson died in Thornbury, Eagland, in 1792. 
ROBINSON, Charles, governor of Kansas, was 
born in Hardwick, Mass., July 21, 1818; son of 
Jonathan and Huldah (Woodward) Robinson, 
and a direct descend- 
ant from John Robin- 
son the Pilgrim, and 
through his paternal 
grandmother, Phebe 
Williams, a descend- 
ant in direct line from 
Charlemagne and 
Pepin. He attended 
Hadley and Amherst 
academies and also 
Amherst college, 
earning his living by 





and by teaching 
school winters, and 
after a varied medi- 
cal education received the degree of M.D. from 
the Berkshire Medical college, Pittsfield, Mass., 
1843. He was married Thanksgiving day, 1848, 
to Sarah, daughter of William Adams of West 


oe Pe 


[506] 


' tember, 


making school desks 


ROBINSON 


Brookfield, Mass. Two children were born to 
them—a boy anda girl, both dying in infancy, 





* 
if rr > 
7 


He began practice at Belchertown, Mass., Sep- _ 


school committee, and took an interest in pub- 
lic affairs, and in 1845 he opened a_ hospital 
for practice in Springfield, Mass., in association 
with Dr. J. G. Holland. His wife died in 1846 
and he joined his brother Cyrus in Fitchburg, 
Mass., where he practised until 1849, when he 
went overland to California as physician to the 
Boston company. He arrived at Sacramento, 
Aug. 12, 1849, where with others he kept a res- 
taurant ; continued his profession, and on Aug. 


1843, where he also served on the 


11, 1850, issued a manifesto denouncing the atti-_ 


tude of the courts, the gamblers and the specu- 
lators toward the settlers, and opposed the divis- 


ion of the territory into two states, one to be free 


and one slave. In a subsequent riot he was shot, 
imprisoned and charged with murder and other 
crimes. During his confinement he was elected 
to the legislature and after he was bailed, edited 
the Settlers’ and Miners’ Tribune until he took his 
seat in the legislature in 1851, when he worked 
and voted for John C. Frémont for U.S. senator, 
His case was subsequently dismissed and he was 
exonerated by the legislature and by the district 
court. He returned to Fitchburg, Mass., in 1851; 
was married, Oct. 30, 1851, to Sara Tappan Doo- 
little, daughter of Myron and Clarissa (Dwight) 
Lawrence ; edited the Fitchburg News, and June 
28, 1854, went to Kansas as confidential agent of 
the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid society, settling 
in Lawrence. In the struggle which was waged 
against the pro-slavery party, he was made com- 
mander-in-chief of the Free-State party and as_ 
such constructed forts and rifle pits, but at the 
same time worked to secure the freedom of the 
state under the forms of law. He was a member 
of the Free-State convention, Aug. 14-15, 1855, 
and of that at Topeka, Oct. 28, 1855, being twice 
appointed chairman of the executive committee, 
and was twice elected governor of Kansas under 
the Topeka constitution which was rejected by 
the U.S. senate. He resigned the office tempo- 
rarily in order to seek aid in the East, and on his 
way to Boston was arrested at Lexington, Mo., 
on the charge of ‘‘ usurping office and for high 
treason,” and imprisoned. His house was burned. 
Mrs. Robinson (q.v.) continued the journey east, 
and he was a prisoner at Lecompton from 
till September, 1856. Governor Shannon was 
ge and Governor Geary appointed his succes- 
‘+, and at Robinson’s trial, Aug. 18-20, 1857, the 
i reported that ‘‘since there was no state of 
Kansas, there could be no governor of state, and 
therefore no usurpation of office.” He was a 
member of the Free-State convention at Grass- 
hopper Falls, Aug. 26, 1857; presided at the 









mi 





. 


, 




















































ROBINSON 


convention at Lawrence, December 2, which re- 
pudiated the Lecompton constitution, and visited 
Washington, D.C., in 1858 to urge before congress 
favorable legislation in regard to railroad exten- 
sion in Kansas. He was elected governor of 
ansas under the Wyandotte constitution in 
1859; the state was admitted into the Union, 
Jan. 29, 1861, and Mr. Robinson was sworn into 
office as governor, Feb. 9, 1861. The first legis- 
ature convened the last of March and on April 
15, 1861, President Lincoln called for 75,000 vol- 
unteers to put down the rebellion, but none were 
ullotted to Kansas. The governor, however, or- 
ganized the state militia and when the second 
all was issued by the President, Kansas was 
slotted 5006 men, and Governor Robinson fur- 
nished 10,639, by raising and mustering in the 
1st, 2d, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 13th 
infantry and the 6th cavalry between May 21, 
1861 and Sept. 22, 1862; the 38d and 4th and the 
Heth (colored) being raised by Gen. James H. 
Lane. The legislature, for the purpose of pro- 
riding and sustaining the volunteer force, au- 
thorized the governor, secretary of the state and 
ditor, or a majority of them, to issue $150,000 
of f state bonds, bearing seven per cent. interest to 
be sold at a minimum of 70°, and the state treas- 
r was authorized to sell ten per cent war 
ds for $20,000 by which he realized $12,000. 
state bonds could not be sold at any price in 
the market and an exchange was effected with 
the secretary of the interior for Indian money 
\ nd 60°), was realized by the state, although the 
department paid 85° , of the face value, the differ- 
ence being absorbed | in negotiating the sale, and 
or this the state officers were impeached by a 
‘ommittee of the legislature, Feb. 26, 1862, but 
r sequently unanimously acquitted. In Jan- 
ary, 1863, Mr. Robinson was succeeded as gov- 
rnor by Thomas Carney. He remained in the 
iblican party, was elected state senator in 
and served as state senator, 1875-79. He 
ved the liberal wing of the party in the sup- 
of Horace Greeley, and in 1866 became a 
ocrat. He was the defeated candidate for 
ntative in the 50th congress in 1886 and 
overnor of Kansas in 1890. He was one of 
founders of North (Free-State) college on Mt. 
ead in 1861, and with 8S. C. Pomeroy was ap- 
ited trustee of the proposed state university, 
. 14, 1857, securing to the state the transfer 
the present university campus, and presenting 


superintendent Gikiade iuptituis,.an.In- 
n school at Lawrence in 1887; was a member 
he I oyal Legion of Kansas, and president of 


ROBINSON 


the State Historical society. He contributed to 
newspapers and periodicals, and wrote The Kan- 
sas Conflict in the winter of 1891. He bequeathed 
most of his fortune to the University of Kansas, 
in whose chapel his bust was placed in February, 
1898, the gift of the Kansas legislature, and on 
Feb. 12, 1903, a joint resolution was introduced 
in the legislature to place his bust in the rotunda 
of the state capital. See: ‘‘ Kansas, Its Exterior 
and Interior Life” by Sara T. D. Robinson (1856). 
The part that Governor Robinson took in secur- 
ing to Kansas peace and good government appears 
to have been entirely free from partisanship and 
selfishness ; his place in the history of that mem- 
orable conflict is becoming better established as 
time goes by and there is little doubt that he will 
in time be credited as the most helpful instru- 
ment in the adjudication of the Kansas trouble. 
Governor Robinson died at his country home, 
** Oakridge,” near Lawrence, Kan., Aug. 17, 1894. 
ROBINSON, Charles Seymour, clergyman and 
author, was born in Bennington, Vt., March 31, 
1829; son of Henry and Harriet (Haynes) Robin- 
son, and grandson of Jonathan (q.v.) and Mary 
(Fassett) Robinson. He attended the Union 
academy at Bennington; was graduated from 
Williams college, A.B., 1849, A.M., 1852; taught 
school at Holyoke and Cambridge, Mass., 1849- 
51; attended the Union (1851-52) and Princeton, 
(1852-53) theological seminaries, and 
dained to the ministry by 
Troy, N.Y., April 19, 1855. 
ply at Troy, N.Y., 1854-55; pastor there, 1855- 
60; and was married, Nov. 4, 1858, to Harriet 
R. Church of Troy, who died in 1895. He was 
pastor of the First Presbyterian church, Brook- 
lyn, N.Y., 1860-68 ; of the American chapel, and 
a church of his own organization in Paris, France, 
1868-71, and of the Madison Avenue church, 
New York, 1871-90. He supplied pulpits at Bing- 
hamton, N.Y., and in New York city, 1888-89; 
was pastor of the Thirteenth Street church, 
New York city, 1890-92, and of the New York 
church, New York city, 1892-98. The honorary 
degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Hamil- 
ton college in 1867, and that of LL.D. by Lafay- 
ette college in 1885. He edited the Illustrated 
Christian Weekly, 1876-77, and Every Thursday, 
1890-91, and is the author of: Songs of the 
Chaureh (1862); Songs for the Sanctuary (1865); 
Short Studies for Sunday School Teachers (1868) : 
Bethel and Pennel (1873); Church Work (1873); 
Psalms and Hynns (1875); Calvary Songs for 
Sunday Schools (1875); Spiritual Songs for 
Chureh and Choir (1878); Studies in the New 
Testament (1880); Spiritual Songs for Sunday 
Schools (1881); Spiritual Songs for Social Meet- 
ings (1881); Studies of Neglected Te. xts (1883); 
Laudes Domini (1884); Sermons in Songs (1885); 


was or- 
the presbytery of 
He was stated sup- 


[507] 


ROBINSON 


Sabbath Evening Sermons (1887); The Pharaohs 
of the Bondage and the Exodus (1887); and Simon 
Peter, His Life and Times (2 vols., 1888). He 
died in New York city, Feb. 1, 1899. 

ROBINSON, Conway, jurist, was born in Rich- 
mond, Va., Sept. 15, 1805; son of John Robinson, 
clerk of the superior court of Richmond, and 
author of ‘‘ Forms in the Courts of Law in Vir- 
ginia;” and a descendant of John Robinson who 
immigrated to Virginia, where his son Anthony 
was alanded proprietor. Heattended the schools 
of Richmond, and was appointed deputy clerk of 
the superior court, under hisfather. He attained 
prominence as a lawyer; was reporter of the 
Virginia court of appeals, 1842-44; revised the 
civil and criminal code of Virginia, 1846-49 ; was 
a representative in the house of delegates in 1852, 
and in 1860 removed to Washington, D.C., where 
he engaged in practice. He was chairman of 
the executive committee of the Virginia Historical 
society, and made several important historical 
discoveries, finding in 1853 inthe British Museum 
a MS. journal of the first legislative assembly in 
Virginia which met in 1619. He published a 
new edition of his father’s ‘‘ Forms in the Courts 
of Law in Virginia” (1826), and isthe author of. 
Law and Equity Practice in Virginia (8 vols., 
(1882-89); Reports of the Virginia Court of Ap- 
peals (2 vols., 1842-44); The Principles and Prac- 
tice of Courts of Justice in England and the 
United States (2 vols., 1855); Account of the 
Discoveries of the West wntil 1519; and of Voy- 
ages to and along the Atlantic Coast of North 
America from 1520 to 1573 (1848); History of the 
High Court of Chancery, and Other Institutions 
of England from the time of Caius Julius Coesar 
until the Accession of William and Mary in 1688— 
89 (2vols.; Vol. I., 1882). He died in Philadelphia, 
Pa., Jan. 80, 1884. 

ROBINSON, Edward, educator and author, 
was born in Southington, Conn., April 10, 1794. 
He was brought up on his father’s farm ; taught 
school and was graduated with high honors from 
Hamilton college in 1816, remaining as tutor 
there 1817. He studied law at Hudson, N.Y., 
during the next year, but deciding to study for 
the ministry he went home, and while assisting 
his father on the farm pursued his studies. He 
was assistant instructor in sacred literature at 
Andover Theological seminary, 1823-26, while 
pursuing a course in Hebrew; studied in Halle and 
Berlin, 1826-80; was professor extraordinary of 
sacred literature at Andover, 1830-83 ; professor 
of Greek and Oriental languages and literature, 
University of the City of New York, 1832-33 
and professor of Biblical literature, Union Theo- 
logical seminary, 1837-63. He was twice married: 
first, Sept. 3, 1818, to Eliza, daughter of Samuel 
Kirtland. She died in 1819, and he married second- 


[508] 


ROBINSON 


ly, Aug. 7, 1828, Theresa Albertine Luise, daughter 
of Prof. aan ig Heinrich von Jakob of Halle, 
In 1831 he established the Biblical Repository at 
Andover, and conducted it, 1881-385. The hon- 
orary degree of D.D. was conferred upon him 
by Dartmouth college in 1831, by Halle in 1842, 
and that of LL.D. by Yale in 1844. He is the 
author of atranslation of : Winer’s ‘‘ Greek Gram- 
mar of the New Testament” (1825); a revision of 
Calmet’s ‘‘ Dictionary of the Holy Bible” (1882) ; 
A Greek Grammar (1883); Dictionary of the 
Holy Bible (compiled, 1833); A Greek and Eng- 
lish Lexicon of the New Testament, (1836); a 
translation from the Latin of Gesenius’s ‘‘ Hebrew 
and English lexicon of the Old Testament” (1836); 
Biblical Researches in Palestine (3 vols., 1888)5 
A Harmony of the Four Gospels in English 
(1846); A Harmony of the Four Gospels in Greek 
(1851); Later Biblical Researches in Palestine 
(1856); Physical Geography of the Holy Land 
(1865). His name was in Class G, Preachers and 
Theologians, for a place in the Hall of Fame for 
Great Americans, but in the election of October, 
1900, received no votes. He died in New York 
city, Jan. 27, 1863. 

ROBINSON, Edward, archeologist, was born 
in Boston, Mass., Nov. 1, 1858; 
Augustus and Allen (Coburn) Robinson ; grand- 
son of Shadrach and Mary (Stavers) Robinson 
and of Daniel Jennings and Eliza (Knowlton) 
Coburn. He was graduated from Harvard in 
1879, and spent the subsequent five years abroad, 
remaining fifteen months in Greece and continu- 
ing his studies at the University of Berlin. He 


was married, Feb. 21, 1881, to Elizabeth, daughter — 
of Samuel and Louise Mathilde (Patch) Gould of — 
He was curator of classical anti-— 
quities, Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 1885-1902; 


Boston, Mass. 


lecturer on classical archeology, Harvard, 1893- 
94 and 1898-1902, and in 1902 succeeded Gen. C. 
G. Loring as director of the Museum, 


oO 


wich, Conn., 1887-88 ; the selection and purchase 
of casts for the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 
New’ York, 1891-95, and with H. W. Kent 


selected and arranged the collection of casts in- 
the Springfield (Mass.) Art museum, 1898-99. 
He was secretary of the Art Commission of the 


City of Boston, 1890-98; was made a member of 
the council of the American Academy of Arts 
and Sciences, and a member of the council of 
the Archeological Institute of America; a cor- 


porate member of the American Oriental society; 


corresponding member of the American Institute 
of Architects, and a member of the American 
Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund of 
London. He prepared the catalogues of Greek and 
Roman casts and of Greek, Etruscan and Roman 


son of Edwin — 


He was 
engaged in the selection and arrangement of — 
collections in the Slater Memorial museum, Nor-— 


| 








— —_————) 


























ROBINSON 


vases, Boston Museum of Fine Arts, and is the 
author of: Did the Greeks Paint Their Sculp- 
tures ? (Century, April, 1892); and Annual Re- 
ports of the Trustees of the Museum of Fine Arts. 

ROBINSON, Ezekiel Gilman, educator, was 
born in Attleborough, Mass., March 23, 1815 ; son 
_of Ezekiel and Cynthia (Slack) Robinson; anda 
lineal descendant of George Robinson, one of the 
original purchasers from the Indians of the town 
of Rehoboth. He was graduated from Brown 
university, A.B., 1838, A.M., 1841, and from the 
Newton Theological institution in 1842; was or- 
dained to the Baptist ministry in November, 
1842, and was pastor at Norfolk, Va., 1842-45, 
being chaplain of the University of Virginia for 
one year while in Norfolk. He was married, Feb. 
21, 1844, to Harriet Richards Parker, daughter of 
Charles and Catharine (Packard) Richards and 
adopted daughter of Caleb Parker of Roxbury, 
Mass. He was pastor at Cambridge, Mass., 1845- 
46; professor at the Covington Theological insti- 
tution, 1846-49 ; pastor in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1849- 
52; professor at Rochester Theological seminary, 
1852-60 ; president of the seminary, 1860-72 ; pres- 
ident and professor of moraland intellectual phil- 
osophy at Brown university, 1872-89; professor 



















; BROWN UNIVERSITY. 

of apologetics and evidences of Christianity at 
Crozer Theological seminary, 1889-94, and pro- 
or of ethics and apologetics at the University 
of Chicago, 1892-94. He was president of the 
nerican Baptist Missionary union, 1877-80 ; was 
: ecturer on systematic divinity at the Andover 
Theological seminary, 1882-83: preacher at the 
Yale Divinity school, and a trustee of Vassar 
ege, 1861-94. The honorary degree of D.D. 
conferred on him by Brown university in 
3 and that of LL.D. by Brown in 1872 and by 
vard in 1886. He was editor of the Christian 
jew, 1859-64 ; translated Neander’s ‘* Planting 
nd Training of the Christian Church” (1865) ; 
nd is the author of: Lectures on Preaching 
1883) ; Principle and Practice of Morality (1888), 
nd Christian Theology (1894). He died in Bos- 
mn, Mass., June 13, 1894. 


ROBINSON 


ROBINSON, Frank Torrey, art critic, was 
born in Salem, Mass., July 16, 1845; of English 
Quaker descent. His grandfather, who had im- 
migrated to America, was a soldier in the war of 
1812. Frank Torrey Robinson attended the Har- 
vard and Warren schools in Charlestown, Mass., 
and in 1861 enlisted in the 5th Massachusetts vol- 
unteers, participating in the North Carolina and 
Virginia campaigns. Returning to Boston, he 
was employed for a year in the office of the 
Advertiser ; subsequently completed his studies 
in Professor Spear’s college, and after earning a 
precarious living by work in a wholesale grocery 
store, in a blacksmith shop and as a book-keeper, 
he adopted journalism as his profession, becoming 
local reporter for the Boston Journal, Advertiser 
and the Bunker Hill Times. He was married in 
1871 to Mary Jane Tufts of Somerville, Mass. He 
began to make a specialty of art criticism in 1875 ; 
edited the Boston Sunday Times, 1879-83; was 
art director for the New England Manufacturers’ 
institute, 1883-86, editing their art catalogue and 
an ‘‘ Art Year Book,” 1883; was afterward con- 
nected as art critic with the Boston Traveler and 
Post ; edited American Art, Boston, 1886-88, and 
for several years served as literary curator of the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York city, 
whose catalogues and handbooks he also edited, 
In 1897 he traveled abroad, selecting in London 
and Paris the pictures exhibited in the Jordan 
Art gallery, 1898. He was a member of the Paint 
and Clay club, Boston, serving as chairman. of its 
house committee in 1897. His publications in- 
clude: History of the 5th Regiment, Massachu- 
setts Volunteers ; Quaint New England; Living 
New England Artists (1888); Christmas Morning 
(1890), and Winds of the Seasons (1890). He died 
in Roxbury, Mass., June 3, 1898. 

ROBINSON, George Dexter, governor of Massa- 
chusetts, was born in Lexington, Mass., Jan. 20, 
1834; son of Charles and Mary (Davis) Robinson ; 
grandson of Jacob and Hannah (Simonds) Robin- 
son and of Abel and Lavinia (Hosmer) Davis, and 
a descendant of William Robinson, who was born 
April 20, 1682,and of Joseph Hosmer, who 
served as adjutant at Concord, April 19, 1775. He 
was brought up on his father’s farm; attended 
Lexington academy and Hopkins classical school, 
and was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1856, 
A.M., 1859. He was principal of the high school 
at Chicopee, Mass., 1856-65 ; was admitted to the 
bar in Cambridge, 1866, and began practice in 
Chicopee. He was married, Noy. 24, 1859, to 
Hannah E., daughter of William and Nancy 
(Pierce) Stevens of Lexington, Mass. She died 
Sept. 5, 1864, and on July 11, 1867, he married 
Susan E., daughter of Joseph F. and Susan (Mulii- 
ken) Simonds of Lexington. He was a member 
of the general court of Massachusetts, 18745 a 


[509] 


ROBINSON 


state senator, 1876, and a Republican represen- 
tative from the eleventh Massachusetts district 
in the 45th, 46th, 47th congresses, 1877-83, and 
re-elected from the 
twelfth district to the 
48th congress, but 
resigned to become 
governor of Massa- 
chusetts. During his 
administration, 1884— 
87, he effected the 
passage of several 
*». democratic measures, 
"among them the 
!; free school-book bill 
; and the compulsory 
‘ weekly payment of 
wages by corpora- 
tions. He — subse- 
quently practised law, 
having an office at Springfield, but continuing to 
make his home in Chicopee. He received the 
honorary degree of LL.D. from Amherst in 1884 
and from Harvard in 1886. He died in Chicopee, 
Mass., Feb. 22, 1896. 

ROBINSON, Harriet Jane (Hanson), author, 
was born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 8, 1825 ; daughter 
of William (1795-1831) and Harriet (Browne) 
Hanson; granddaughter of John and Sally 
(Getchel) Hanson and of Seth Ingersoll (minute- 
man) and Sarah (Godding) Browne, and a de- 
scendant of Thomas Hanson (died 1666) of Salmon 
Falls, N.H., who was admitted freeman, 1661, 
and whose widow, Mary, was killed by the In- 
dians in 1689, and of Nicholas and Elizabeth 
Browne, who emigrated from Worcestershire, 
Eng., and settled in Lynn Village, Mass., before 
1638, and in Reading, Mass., 1644. Harriet J. 
Hanson attended the public schools of Boston 
and Lowell, Mass., was one of the group of 
writers for the Lowell Offering, a magazine filled 
entirely with the contributions of the factory 
girls of Lowell, and also wrote for various 
annuals and newspapers, including the Journal 
and Courier, at that time under the editorship of 
William Stevens Robinson (q.v.) to whom she 
was married, Nov. 30, 1848. Of her four chil- 
hren, Harriette R. Shattuck (q.v.) became an 
author of reputation. She subsequently assisted 
in the literary part of her husband’s editorial 
work; was in sympathy with the anti-slavery 
cause and with the political reforms of the day, 
writing for the woman suffrage movement and 
also speaking in its behalf before the Massachu- 
setts legislature and before the select committee 
on woman suffrage of the U.S. senate, 1882, and 
was a member of the National Woman Suffrage 
association and of the International Council at 
Washington, D.C., 1888. She was active in the 





ROBINSON 


promotion of the General Federation of Women’s 
Clubs, 1890, serving on its constitutional com- 
mittee, and as a member of its advisory board, 
and in 1898 became a member of the New Eng- 
land Historic Genealogical society. Her publica- 
tions include: ‘‘ Warrington” Pen Portraits, 
with memoir (1877) ; Massachusetts in the Woman 
Suffrage Movement (1881-85); Captain Mary 
Miller, a woman suffrage drama (1887); The New 
Pandora, a classical drama (1889) ; Loom and 
Spindle (1898). Mrs. Robinson was residing in 
Malden, Mass., in 1903. 

ROBINSON, Horatio Nelson, mathematician, 
was born in Hartwick, Otsego county, N.Y., 
Jan. 1, 1806. He obtained a common school 
education, early displaying a taste for mathe- 
matics, and in 1822 he made the calculations for 
an almanac. He attended the College of New 
Jersey, Princeton, and was an instructor in 
mathematics in the U.S. navy, 1825-35, after 
which he devoted himself to teaching and to the 
preparation of text-books. The honorary degree 
of A.M. was conferred on him by the-College of 
New Jersey in 1836. He is the author of a series 
of elementary mathematical text-books, includ- 
ing: Universal Key to the Science of Algebra 
(1844) ; Elementary Treatise on Algebra (1846) ; 
University Algebra (1847) ; Astronomy, University 
Edition (1849), and Geometry and Trigonometry 
(1850). He also wrote Treatise on Astronomy 





(1850) ; Mathematical Recreations (1851) ; Con- 


cise Mathematical Operations (1854) ; Treatise on 
Surveying and Navigation (1857; revised and 
edited by Oren Root, 1863) ; Analytical Geometry 
and Conic Sections (1864); Differential and In- 
tegral Calculus (1861; edited by Isaac F. Quimby, 
1868). He died in Elbridge, N.Y., Jan. 19, 1867. 
ROBINSON, James C., representative, was 
born in Edgar county, Ill., in 1822. He received 
a very limited education ; served as a private in 
the Mexican war, 1846-47; studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1850. He was a Demo-- 
cratic representative from Illinois in the 86th-_ 
88th and 42d—-48d congresses, 1859-65 and 1871-75. 
He removed from Marshall to Springfield, IL, 
where he died, Nov. 3, 1886. 4 
ROBINSON, James Harvey, historian, was 


born in Bloomington, Ill., June 29, 1863; son of © 


E 


s 
2 
b 


James Harvey and Latricia Maria (Drake) Robin- — 


son; grandson of Benjamin and Ruhama (Wood) 


7 


Robinson and of the Rev. Benjamin Bradnerand — 


Melinda (Parsons) Drake, and a descendant of 


> 


Isaac Robinson (son of Rev. John Robinson, the — 


Leyden pastor), who settled in Plymouth in 1630, — 
and married Mary Hanford. He was graduated © 
from Harvard in 1887, and was married Sept. 1, 
1877, to Grace Woodville, daughter of Charles — 


Edward Read of Bloomington, Ill. He took post- 


: : 
graduate courses at Harvard and in Germany, 
[510] 


iain 








ROBINSON 














































receiving the degree Ph.D, from Freiburg in 
1890. He was lecturer on European history at the 
University of Pennsylvania, 1891; associate pro- 
- fessor, 1892-95, and in 1895 became professor of 
history at Columbia university. He was also 
i acting dean of Barnard college, 1900-01. He was 
-aneditor of the Annals of the American Acad- 
emy of Political and Social Science, 1891-95, 
and is the author of : The German Bundesrath 
(1891); Petrarch, the First Modern Scholar 
and Man of Letters (with H. W. Rolfe, 1899) ; 
An Introduction to the History of Western Eu- 
rope (1903), and also co-operated with others in 
editing and publishing ‘“ Translations and Re- 
prints from the Original Sources of European 
History.” 

ROBINSON, James M., representative, was 
born near Fort Wayne, Ind., May 31, 1861 ; son of 
David A. and Isabella (eowan) Robinson ; grand- 
son of James and Rebecca (Jacobs) epee and of 
Robert and Sarah (Mercer) Bowen. Heattended 
the public schools until 1876, when he obtained 
employment in a shop, where he continued until 
1881, meanwhile studying law. He was admitted 
to the bar in 1882, and established himself in 
practice in Fort Wayne. He was prosecuting- 
attorney, 1888-92, and was a Democratic repre- 
sentative from the twelfth congressional district 
of Indiana in the 55th, 56th and 57th congresses, 
1897-1903, and was re-elected to the 58th con- 
ess for the term expiring in 1905, He was 
married, Nov. 28, 1900, to Lily M., daughter of 
Hugh M. and AdaS. Jones of Fort Wayne, Ind. 
_ ROBINSON, James Sidney, soldier, was born 
ar Mansfield, Ohio, Oct. 14, 1827. He was 
rought up on a farm, attended the common 
hools, and at an early age learned the printer’s 
e in Mansfield. He established and edited 
Weekly Republican at Canton, Ohio, 1847-65, 
srved as secretary of the first convention of the 
epublican party in Ohio in 1856, and as clerk 
the Ohio house of representatives, 1856-58. He 
ed as a private in the 4th Ohio volunteers in 
was appointed captain a few days afterward, 
erved under General McClellan in West Vir- 
taking part in the battle of Rich Mountain, 
- 11, 1861. His enlistment of three months 
g expired, he re-enlisted in October, 1861, as 
ajor of the 82nd Ohio volunteers. He served in 
henck’s brigade, under General Frémont in the 
1andoah valley ; was promoted lieutenant-col- 
ne in April, 1862, and May 7, 1862, accompanied 
s brigade a Franklin, Way, to McDowell, 
thirty-four milesin twenty-three hours, 
cuing General Milroy’s brigade, and beating 
orderly retreat to Franklin. At the second 
of Bull Run he fought in General Milroy’s 
ttached brigade, and when Colonel Cantwell 
' ina he assumed command of the regi- 


PCHINn 


ROBINSON 


ment. He was promoted colonel and at Chancel- 
lorsville his regiment was not attached toany brig- 
ade or division, but was with the eleventh corps, 
which received the brunt of Jackson's charge, 
Robinson’s regiment losing eighty-one men in the 
attack. After Chancellorsville, his regiment was 
attached to the second brigade of Carl Sehurz’s 
division of the eleventh corps, which was march- 
ing with the first corps, under General Reynolds, 
when the news that Buford was engaged caused 
them to hurry forward and possess the field until 
Hancock could come to their support. Colonel 
Robinson was wounded at Gettysburg, and when 
the eleventh and twelfth corps were sent west to 
join General Thomas’s army, Robinson had not 
recovered from his wound and was not at Chatta- 
nooga ; but when Sherman started for Atlanta, the 
eleventh and twelfth corps were merged into the 
twentieth corps under General Hooker, and 
Colonel Robinson was given command of the 
third brigade, first division. He was promoted 
brigadier-general of volunteers, Jan 12, 1865, was 
brevetted major-general, March 13, and was mus- 
tered out, Aug. 31, 1865. He engaged in railroad 
building in Ohio after the war, served as chair- 
man of the Republican state executive committee, 
1877-79, and was state commissioner of railroads. 
and telegraphs in 1880. He was a Republican 
representative from the 9th Ohio district in the 
47th and 48th congresses, 1881-85, and secretary 
of the state of Ohio, 1884-88. He died in Toledo, 
Ohio, Jan. 14, 1892. : 
ROBINSON, John Bunyan, educator, was born 
at Osceola, Ohio, April 11, 1834; son of Adin and 
Jane (Anderson) Robinson ; grandson of William 
and Eleanor (Wright) Robinson of Harpers Ferry, 
Va., and of James and Margarette (Brownlee) 
Anderson of Carlisle, Pa. He was graduated from 
Ohio Wesleyan university, A. B., 1860, A.M., 1863; 
entered the Methodist ministry ; was principal 
of Mt. Washington academy, 1860-64 ; president 
of Willoughby college, 1864-69; president of 
Fort Wayne college, 1869-71; president of New 
Hampshire Conference Seminary and Female 


college, 1871-77; president of Grand Prairie 
Seminary and Commercial college, 1877-84 ; 


president of Jennings Seminary and Normal col- 
lege, 1884-87, and thereafter engaged in the active 
ministry. He was married, first, in December, 
1860, to Emily Ada, daughter of Judge David H. 
and Elizabeth (Reybourn) Morris. Andsecondly, 
Sept. 11, 1896, to Sarah Narcissa, daughter of 
Henry Watson and Sarah Ann (Older) Montross. 
He received the honorary degree of D.D. from 
De Pauw university and from Illinois Wesleyan 
university in 1879; that of Ph.D. from the Uni- 
versity of Wooster in 1884, and that of LL.D. 
from Taylor university in 1896. Heis the author 
of : Infidelity Answered (1875) ; Vines of Eshcol 


[511] 


ROBINSON 


(1876) ; The Serpent of Sugar Creek (1885) ; 
Emeline, or Home, Sweet Home, in poetry (1876) ; 
Preachers’ Pilgrimage (1886; German Edition, 
1888); Commencement Week (1880); The Ep- 
worth League :—Its place in Methodism (1890); 
The New Woman, and other Poems(1896). 
ROBINSON, John Cleveland, soldier, was 
born in Binghamton, N.Y., April 10, 1817. He 
attended the U.S. Military academy, 1835-38, 
leaving a year before graduation to study law. 
He was commissioned 2d lieutenant, 5th U.S. in- 
fantry, Oct. 27,1889, 
and in the Mexican 
war served as regi- 
mental and brigade 
quartermaster, 1845- 
46; was promoted 1st 
lieutenant, June 18, 
1846, and took part 
in the battles of Palo 
* Alto, Resaca de la 
Palma and Monterey. 
He was promoted 
captain, Aug. 12, 
1850; served against 
the hostile Indians 
in Texas, 1853-54; 
took part in the 
Seminole Indian war in Florida, 1856-57, and 
in the Utah expedition, 1857-58. He was in com- 
mand of Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Md., 1861, and 
prevented its capture by the secessionists. He 
was appointed colonel of the 1st Michigan volun- 
teers, September, 1861; promoted major of 2d 
infantry, Feb. 20, 1862, and commissioned briga- 
dier-general of volunteers, April 28, 1862; com- 
manded a brigade at Newport News, and had 
command of the troops in the neighborhood of 
Portsmouth, Va., until May, 1862. He command- 
ed the ist brigade, Kearny’s division, then the 
2d division, 1st army corps, Army of the Poto- 
mac; was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, U.S.A., 
July 1, 1863, for Gettysburg, and colonel, May 5, 
1864, for the Wilderness. He commanded the 
2d division, 5th army corps, and while leading a 
charge at the battle of Spottsylvania, he was 
wounded in the left knee, necessitating amputa- 
tion at the thigh. He was put in command of 
the districts in New York state; was brevetted 
major-general of volunteers, June 27, 1864 ; briga- 
dier-general, U.S.A., March 13, 1865, for Spottsyl- 
vania, Va., and major-general, U.S.A., March 18, 
1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the 
field during the war. He was military com- 
mander and commissioner of the bureau of freed- 
men in North Carolina in 1866; was promoted 
colonel of 43d infantry, July 28, 1866, and was 
honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, 
Sept. 1, 1866. He commanded the Department 





(512) 












































ROBINSON 


of the South in 1867, and the Department of the 
Lakes, 1867-68, and was retired with the rank 
of major-general, U.S.A., May 6, 1869. He re- 
ceived the congressional medal of honor ‘* for 
most distinguished gallantry in the battle of 
Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864, placing himself at 
the head of his leading brigade in a charge upon — 
the enemy's breastworks, where he was severely 
wounded.” He was lieutenant-governor of New 
York, 1872-74; was commander-in-chief of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, 1877-78, and presi- 
dent of the Society of the Army of the Potomac, 
1887. Hediedin Binghamton, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1897, 
ROBINSON, John McCraken, senator, was 
born in Scott county, Ky., April 10, 1794; son of 
Jonathan and Jane (Black) Robinson ; grandson 
of George and Ann (Wiley) Robinson ; great- 
grandson of Philip Robinson, and a descendant 
of Thomas Robinson, who came to America prior 
to 1730, and was among the earliest Scotch-Irish 
settlersin Pennsylvania. About 1818he removed 
to Carmi, Ill.,where he was admitted to the bar | 
and began practice. He was married, Jan. 28, — 
1829, to Mary Brown Davidson, daughter of James 
and Margaret (Hargraves) Ratcliffe of Carmi, IIL. 
In 1832 he was elected U.S. senator to fill the ~ 
unexpired term of John McLean, deceased, and — 
for a full term, serving from Jan. 4, 1832, to — 
March 38, 1848. On March 6, 1843, he became 
judge of the supreme court of Illinois, serving 
until his death, which occurred in Ottawa, IIL, 
April 27, 1848. : 
ROBINSON, John Mitchell, jurist, was born 
in Caroline county, Md., in 1828. He was gradu- 
ated from Dickinson college, Pa., in 1847; was 
admitted to the bar in 1849, and began practice 
in Queen Anne county in 1851. He was elected 
deputy attorney-general for the county in Janu- 
ary, 1851; state attorney in November, 1851 ; was 
judge of the circuit court, 1864-67; judge of the 
court of appeals, 1867-93, and chief justice of 
the court of appeals, 1893-96. He died in Anna- 
polis, Md., Jan. 14, 1896. 
ROBINSON, John Staniford, governor of Ver- 
mont, was born in Bennington, Vt., Nov. 10, 
1804; son of Nathan Robinson, and prandae of 
Gov. Moses (q.v.) and Mary (hay Robinson. 
He attended schools at Wind- 
ham and Hartford, Conn. ; 
was graduated from Wil- 
liams college in 1824; studied 
law with David Robinson in 
Bennington, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1827. 
He was a representative in 
the state legislature for two terms; was twice 
elected state senator, and was several times the 
Democratic candidate for representative in con 
gress. He was married in October, 1847, to Juli 


ie ee 






















































ROBINSON 


-ette Staniford, widow of William Robinson, and 
had no children. He was the candidate for gov- 
ernor of the state for 1851 and 1852, and was 
elected in 1853, being the only Democratic gov- 
ernor of Vermont for over half a century. He 
subsequently declined the district judgeship of 
Vermont, and was chairman of the Vermont del- 
egation to the Democratic national convention of 
1860. and died during its session at Charleston, 
; S. C., April 25, 1860. 

ROBINSON, Jonathan, senator, was born in 
Hardwick, Mass., Aug. 24, 1756; son of Samuel 
_ (1707-1767) and Mercy (Leonard) Robinson ; grand- 
gon of Samuel Robinson and of Moses Leonard ; 
great-grandson of Samuel and Sarah (Manning) 
Robinson and of Moses Newton, and great?-grand- 
‘son of William and Elizabeth (Brigham) Robin- 
son. William Robinson, a kinsman of the Rev. 
John Robinson of Leyden and one of the early 
Cambridge colonists, died in 1693. Samuel the 
first, a soldier in the French war and in the 
American Revolution, in which his sons also par- 
ticipated, founded the settlement at Bennington, 
‘Vt.,in 1761. Jonathan Robinson was admitted 
to the bar in 1796, and practised in Bennington, 
Vt., where he was married to Mary, daughter of 
John Fassett. He was town clerk, 1795-1801; a 
tepresentative in the state legislature, 1789-1802 ; 
judge of the probate court of Vermont, 1795-98, 
1800-01 and 1815-19; chief justice of the supreme 
court of Vermont, 1801-07, and was elected to 
the U.S. senate in 1807 to fill the vacancy caused 
by the resignation of Israel Smith (q.v.), com- 
ore the term, March 8, 1809, and was re-elected 
in 1809 for the full term expiring March 3, 1815. 
While i in the senate he was a trusted adviser of 
President Madison. He was judge of probate 
four years, and a representative in the state 
legislature in 1818. The honorary degree of 
B. was conferred on him by Dartmouth in 
and that of A.M. by the same institution, 
1803. He died in Bennington, Vt., Nov. 8, 1819. 

ROBINSON, Lewis Wood, navai officer, was 
born in Camden county, N.J., March 7, 1840; son 
dae and Anna (Wood) Robinson. He was 


‘lvania in 1861, and in 1864 yaguns a master of 
anical engineering. He entered the U.S. 
Sept. 21, 1861, as 3d assistant engineer ; took 
rt at the capture of Forts Jacksonand St. Philip 
md at the fall of New Orleans in April, 1862, and 
ie attack on Vicksburg by Farragut, June, 
and July 30, 1863, was promoted 2d assistant 
eer. He was married, Sept. 5, 1865, to Mary 
Rupp of Philadelphia. On Oct. 11, 1866, 
‘4 s promoted first assistant engineer with 
u of lieutenant, and in 1874 the title was 
ed to past assistant engineer. He was gen- 
| superintendent of the bureau of machinery 


ROBINSON 


at the Centennial Exposition in 1876. On Aug. 
19, 1888, he was promoted chief engineer with 
the rank of lieutenant commander, and was chief 
of the department of machinery at the World’s 
Columbian Exposition, 1893. In 1894 he served 
on the U.S. cruiser Allanta and the flagship 
Newark. He was promoted commander, March 
21, 1895; was assigned to the battleship Indiana, 
Aug. 13, 1896, and in 1897 was transferred to the 
navy yard at Philadelphia. He was promoted 
captain, June 6, 1898, and assigned to inspection 
and recruiting duty; was commissioned captain 
in the line, March 3, 1900; was made inspector 
of machinery, Feb. 21, 1900, and retired with the 
rank of rear admiral, Sept. 21, 1901. He was a 
member of the American Society of Naval Engi- 
neers and the Society of Naval Architects and 
Marine Engineers. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., 
Feb. 16, 1903. 

ROBINSON, Lucius, governor of New York, 
was born in Windham, Greene county, N.Y., 
Nov. 4, 1810; son of Eli P. and Mary Robinson ; 
grandson of Reuben Robinson, and a Sesbandant 
of John Robinson (1576-1625), the well-known 
Pilgrim leader of England. He attended the 
common schools and the Delaware oaaiatd 
Delhi, N.Y.; was admitted to the bar; 1832, and 
began practice in Catskill, N.Y. He was mar- 
ried, Oct. 24, 1833, to Eunice, daughter of Bennet 
Osborn. He was district attorney of Greene 
county, 1837-40; practised in New York city, 
1840-55, and served as master of chancery. New 
York city, 1845-47, He was subsequently de- 
feated as the Democratic candidate for judge of 
the superior court; joined the newly organized 
Republican party in 1856; removed to Elmira, 


N.Y., 1855, and was an Independent Republican 
member of the state assembly, 1859-60. He was 
defeated as candidate for speaker, 1860: was 
comptroller of the _ state, 
1862-65, and was defeated 


in 1865, being the Demo- 
cratic candidate for re-elec- 
tion, having returned to that 
party at the close of the war. 
He was also defeated as a 
Democratic candidate for 
representative in the 42d congress in 1870, He 
was elected comptroller in 1875, resigning in 1876 
upon being elected governor of New York, Nov. 
7, 1876, and serving as governor, 1877-79. He 
died in Elmira, N.Y., March 23, 1891. 
ROBINSON, Moses, governor of Vermont, 
was born in Hardwick, Mass., March 26, 1741; 
son of Samuel and Mercy (Leonard) Robinson, 
and brother of Jonathan Robinson (q.v.). He 
attended Dartmouth college, and removed with 
his father to Bennington, Vt., in 1761, where he 
served as town clerk, 1762-71, He was commis- 





+. [513] 





ROBINSON 
sioned colonel of militia in 1777, and commanded 
his regiment at the defeat of Fort Ticonderoga, 
July 5, 1777; was a member of the council of 
safety, and as such sent by Vermont to represent 
the claims of the people before the Continental 
congress ; a member of the governor’s council, 
1777-85, and chief justice of Vermont, 1778-84 
and 1785-89. He was governor of Vermont, 1789- 
90; was elected by the legislature of Vermont 
with Stephen R. Bradley, the first U.S. senators, 
and drew the long term, 1791-97, but resigned 
in October, 1796, Isaac Tichenor completing his 


term. While in the senate he opposed the Jay 
treaty. In 1802 he was a member of the general 


assembly. He was married, first, July 25, 1762, 
to Mary, daughter of Stephen Fay, who died in 
1801; and secondly, to Susannah, widow of Maj. 
Artemas Howe of New Brunswick, and daughter 
of Gen. Jonathan Warner of Hardwick, Mass. 
The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred upon 
him by Yate in 1789, and by Dartmouth in 1790. 
He died in Bennington, Vt., May 26, 1813. 
ROBINSON, Sara Tappan Doolittle, historian, 
was born in Belchertown, Mass., July 12, 1827; 
daughter of Myron and Clarissa (Dwight) Law- 
rence; granddaughter of Benjamin and Sarah 
(Warner) Lawrence and of Col. Henry and Ruth 
(Rich) Dwight, and a 
descendant of John 
Dwight of Hatfield 
and of John Dwight 
of Dedham, Mass. 
Her father was repre- 
sentative, senator, 
and president of the 
senate in the general 
Court of Massachu- 
- Setts, 1838-40. She 
. was educated at the 
Belchertown  Classi- 
cal academy and at 
the New Salem acad- 
emy ; studied a year 
with Miss Sophronia 
Smith, and was married in Belchertown, Oct. 30, 
1851, to Dr. Charles Robinson (q.v.), with whom 
she shared the hardships and dangers incident to 
the conflict in the territory between the two 
political parties seeking to gain control of the 
government in order to shape the policy of the 
future state. She made the journey to New 
England alone, to report the state of affairs to 
Amos A. Lawrence and Dr. Edward Everett Hale 
of the Emigrant Aid society, the rival govern- 
ment having placed her husband under arrest at 
the outset of the journey. She carried the evi- 
dence of fraudulent voting on March 30, 1855, 
taken before the congressional committee and 
gave it to Gov. Salmon P. Chase of Ohio, who sent 





ROBINSON 


it to Washington by Representative Cooper K, 
Watson. She gave to the history of that period 
valuable information as to the true condition of 
affairs in the territory and controverted many of 
the statements made in the heat of political ex- 
citement by interested actors in the conflict. 
Perhaps with the exception of her husband’s 
‘The Kansas Conflict” Mrs. Robinson’s Kansas, 
Its Interior and Exterior Life (1856), gives the 
most trustworthy data of the early history of 
Kansas extant, as it is manifestly conservative 
and temperate in its statements. In 1903 Mrs, 
Robinson was residing at ‘‘ Oakridge,” Lawrence, 
Kansas. 

ROBINSON, Solon, author, was born near 
Tolland, Conn., Oct. 21, 1803. He worked on his 
father’s farm until 1817, his education being 
limited to the winter months. He was then ap- 
prenticed to a carpenter, but was soon released 
and became a peddler. His literary talents were 
early manifested, and he became a contributor 
to the Albany Cultivator and to other publica- 
tions, chiefly on agricultural subjects. He was 
for several years the agricultural editor of the 
New York Tribune. His publications include: 
Hot Corn, or Life Scenes in New York (1858); 
How to Live, or Domestic Economy Illustrated 
(1860); Facts for Farmers (1864), and Mewonitoe 
(1867). In 1870 he purchased a farm in the vicinity 
of Jacksonville, Fla., where he died, Nov. 8, 1880. 

ROBINSON, Stillman Williams, mechanical 
and civil engineer, was born in South Reading, 
Vt., March 6, 1838; son of Ebenezer, Jr., and 
Adeline Williams (Childs) Robinson; grandson 
of Ebenezer and Hannah (Ackley) Robinson, 
and a great-grandson of James Robinson; the 
latter being a descendant of Jonathan and of 
William Robinson (born in Cambridge, Mass., 
April 20, 1682). He was graduated from the_ 
University of Michigan, C.E., 1863, having pre- 
viously served an apprenticeship in a machine 
shop, 1855-59. He was assistant engineer on the 
U.S. lake survey, 1863-66; instructor in civil 
engineering at the University of Michigan, 1866- 
67; assistant professor of mining engineering 
and geodesy, 1867-70; professor of mechanical 


engineering and physics at the University of ’ 


Illinois, 1870-78, and at the Ohio State univer- 
sity, 1878-95, becoming professor emeritus in the 
latter institution in 1899. 


including bridges of the Santa Fé Railroad in 
Kansas and Wyoming, in the mountings of the 
Lick telescope; and three awards were granted 
on inventions of his at the Centennial of 1876, 
and one at the Columbian exhibition of 1893. 


He was elected a member of the American So- 


ciety of Mechanical Engineers ; the American — 


[514] 


He was inspector of — 
railroads for Ohio, 1880-84; served as consulting — 
civil and mechanical engineer in various works, — 


r 






































ROBINSON 


Society of Civil Engineers; the Society of Naval 
Architects and Marine Engineers; a fellow of 
he American Association for the Advancement 
of Science, and the Society for the Promotion of 
Engineering Education. The honorary degree 
of Se.D. was conferred on him by the Ohio State 
niversity in 1896. He was twice married: first, 
Dee. 29, 1863, to Mary Elizabeth Holden of Mount- 
holly, Vt., who died in 1885; and secondly, April 
12, 1888, to Mary Haines of Ada, Ohio. He in- 
vented many appliances for various purposes 
covered by some 40 patents, including several 
machines used in shoe manufacture ; and is the 
author of: Teeth of Gear Wheels and the Robin- 
on Templet Odontograph (1876); Railroad Econo- 
mics (1882) ; Strength of Wrought Iron Bridge 
Members (1882) ; Compound Steam Pumping En- 
gines (part 1 rev., and part 2, 1884); Analytical 
and Graphical Treatment; a college text book 
on Principles of Mechanism (1896); and numer- 
ous articles on engineering and scientific sub- 
jects. 

_ ROBINSON, Stuart, clergyman, was born in 
Strabane, county Tyrone, Ireland, Nov. 14, 1814; 
son of James and Martha (Porter) Robinson. His 
parents removed to New York city in 1815, and 
later to Berkeley county, Va., where his father 
died while he was a 
child. He was grad- 
uated from Amherst 
college, A.B., 1836, 
A.M., 1889; attended 
the Union Theologi- 
cal seminary, Rich- 
mond, Va., 1836-87 ; 


taught school, 1837- 
39, and attended 
Princeton Theologi- 


calseminary, 1839-41. 
He was married in 
1841 to Mary E. Brig- 
ham of Charleston, 
who belonged to an 
old and wealthy Vir- 
ia family. He was ordained by the presby- 
of Greenbrier, Oct. 8, 1842; was pastor at 
awha, Salines, Va., 1841-47; Frankfort, Ky., 
47-52; Baltimore, Md., 1852-56; professor of 
polity and pastoral theology at Danville 
logical seminary, Ky., 1856-57, and pastor of 
the Second church, Louisville, 1858-81, except 
the years 1862-65, which he spent in Canada. He 
chased The Presbyterian Herald and changed 
ame to The True Presbyterian, and in 1862, 
alty being questioned, the paper was sup- 
ed, and he removed to Canada. In 1866 he 
med the publication of the paper, again 
ng ing its name to The Free Christian Common- 
In 1869 he was chosen moderator of the 





ROBINSON 


general assembly of the Southern Presbyterian 
church ; was a delegate to the Pan- Presbyterian 
alliance, held at Edinburgh in 1877, and secured 
the adoption of a revised book of government and 
discipline. The honorary degree of D.D. was 
conferred on him by Centre college in 1853. He 
is the author of: The Church of God as an Essen- 
tial Element of the Gospel (1858); Discourses of 
Redemption (1866), and many discourses on slay- 
ery, some of which were published in a volume. 
He died in Louisville, Ky., Oct. 5, 1881. 

ROBINSON, William Callyhan, educator, was 
born at Norwich, Conn., July 26, 1834; son of 
John Adams and Mary Elizabeth (Callyhan) 
Robinson ; grandson of Elias and Anna (Allyn) 
Robiason and of William and Betsy (Rogers) 
Callyhan ; great-grandson of Andrew O'Calloghan 
an emigrant from Ireland, and a descendant of 
Elias Robinson of Ashford, Conn., a Revolution- 
ary soldier, and one of Washington’s body-guard 
on the retreat from Long Island. He attended 
Norwich academy; Williston seminary, East 
Hampton, Mass. ; Providence Conference semi- 
nary, East Greenwich, R.I., Wesleyan university, 
Middletown, Conn., and was graduated from 
Dartmouth college, A.B., 1854, and from the Gen- 
eral Theological seminary of the P.E.- church, 
1857, being ordained in June of the same year. 
He served as missionary in Pittston, Pa,, 1857-58 ; 
was rector at St. Luke’s, Scranton, 1859-62; 
studied law with the Hon. H.B. Wright, Wilkes- 
barre, 1862-64, and was admitted to the bar in 1864. 
He practised law in New Haven, 1865-95 ; was 
an instructor in elementary law at Yale college, 
1869-72, and professor of elementary and criminal 
law and the law of real property, 1873-96 ; judge 
of the city court, New Haven, 1869-71; and of 
the court of common pleas, 1874-76 ; a member 
of the state legislature, 1874, and Dean of the law 
schools of the Catholic University of America, 
Washington, D.C., from 1895. He was first mar- 
ried, July 2, 1857, to Anna Elizabeth, daughter of 
Henry and Mary Magdalen (Jutau) Haviland of 
New York city : and secondly, March 31, 1591, to 
Ultima Marie, daughter of Juan Henrico and 
Ultima (Mermier) Smith of Ytabo, near Cardenas, 
Cuba. The honorary degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred upon him by Dartmouth in 1879 and that 
of A.M. by Yale in 1881. Dr. Robinson was as- 
sociate editor of the Catholic World of New York, 
1869-70, having become converted to the Catholic 
faith in 1863, and is the author of Life of Eben- 
ezer Beriah Kelly (1855); Notes on Elementary 
Law (1876); Elementary Law (1882); Clavis Re- 
rum (1883); Law of Patents (3 vols., 1890); Fo- 
rensic Oratory (1893); Elements of American 
Jurisprudence (1900); Elements of American Law 
(1903), and contributions to the Catholic World 
and the Catholic University Bulletin. 


[515] 


ROBINSON 


ROBINSON, William Erigena, journalist, was 
born in Unagh, county Tyrone, Ireland, May 6, 
1814. His parents were north of Ireland Presby- 
terians. He attended the classical school at 
Cookstown, and entered Belfast college in 1834, 
but was forced by ill health to abandon his 
studies, and in August, 1836, sailed for the United 
States inthe Ganges, arriving in New York city 
about the first of the following November. He 
supported himself by oddsand ends of newspaper 
work and continued his studies at the school of 
the Rev. John J. Owen until 1837, when he ma- 
triculated at Yale. He was graduated, A.B., 1841, 
A.M., 1844, and was for two years a student in 
the Yale Law school. During his college course 
he took the stump for General Harrison in 1840 ; 
became a regular contributor to Horace Greeley’s 
Log Cabin, advocating both in prose and poetry, 
Harrison’s election; founded the Yale Banner 
and the Beta Chapter of the Psi Upsilon society 
in 1841 ; contributed editorial articles to the New 
Haven Daily Herald, and lectured before literary 
associations in many cities. He was an ac- 
tive speaker during Clay’s candidacy for Presi- 
dent; was Washington correspondent of the 
Tribune, 1844-48, using the pen name ‘‘ Riche- 
lieu,” and of other publications north and south 
under different signatures. He was also edi- 
torially connected with the Buffalo Express, the 
Tribune, the People, an Irish weekly, of which he 
was one of the founders, and the Mercury, New- 
ark, N.J. Meanwhile lack of funds prevented 
him from becoming one of the proprietors of the 
Tribune, an opportunity offered him by Mr. 
Greeley. In1850 he was offered the consulate to 
Belfast by Daniel Webster, and in 1852 he sup- 
ported the candidacy of General Scott. He was 
married in 1858, to Helen A., daughter of George 
Dougherty of Newark, N.J. She died in 1875, 
leaving two sons and three daughters, of whom 
John E. Robinson was a journalist of note. Mr. 
Robinson was admitted to the New York bar, 
1854; revisited Ireland in 1859; removed to 
Brooklyn; 1862; was assessor of internal revenue 
by appointment from President Lincoln, 1862-67 ; 
was the defeated candidate for collector of taxes, 
1865, and a Democratic representative from the 
second New York district in the 40th, 47th and 
48th congresses, 1867-69 and 1881-85, being influ- 
ential in his first term in changing the law as to 
perpetual allegiance, and in 1880 introduced and 
secured the passage of a bill compelling foreign 
nations to give American citizens on arrest an 
immediate hearing or discharge. He was editor 
of the Irish World in 1871, and continued a regu- 
lar contributor to several publications until his 
death. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. 
from St. John’s college, Fordham, N.Y., in 1890. 
His loyalty to his native country was his most 


ROBINSON 


marked characteristic, taking the form of many 
generous efforts, such as the securing by act of 


congress the sending of the relief-ship Macedonian 


to Ireland during the famine of 1847. In 1848 he 
was a member of the Irish directory, organized to 
aid the Young Ireland Revolutionary party, and 
also in 1856 of the Friends of Civil and Religious 
Liberty. In addition to his congressional and 
political speeches, he delivered before a collegiate 
convention at Hamilton college, July 30, 1851,an 


oration on ‘** The Celt and the Saxon,” which was — 


published in the Tribune, and called forth much 
criticism in Great Britain and Europe. He died 
in Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 23, 1892. 


ROBINSON, William Stevens, journalist and — 


parliamentarian, was born in Concord, Mass., 
Dec. 7, 1818; son of William (1776-1837) and 
Martha (Cogswell) Robinson ; grandson of Jere- 
miah and Susannah (Cogswell) Robinson and of 
Emerson and Eunice (Robinson) Cogswell, anda 


descendant of John (1671-1749) and Mehitable — 


Robinson of Exeter, N.H., and of John Cogswell 


who sailed from Bristol, England, May 23, 1635, 


in the Angel Gabriel, went first to Ipswich, Mass., 


and afterward settled in Chebacco (now Essex), — 
William 8. Robinson attended the public schools ; 


served an apprenticeship in the office of The Yeo- 


man’s Gazette, Concord, Mass., 1835-39 ; was edi- 


tor and publisher of the same, 1839-42 ; assistant 


editor of the Lowell Journal and Courier, 1842-— 
48, a Whig publication, and editor of the Boston 


Daily Whig (afterward The Republican), 1848-49, 
He was married, Nov. 30, 1848, to Harriet Jane 
Hanson of Lowell, Mass. He edited and pub- 
lished the Lowell American, a Free-soil Demo- 


cratic newspaper, 1849-54 ; was a member of the ~ 
Massachusetts legislature, 1852-53, and secretary — 


of the state constitutional convention, 1853. He 


contributed to the Springfield Republican under 


the pen-name ‘‘ Warrington,” 1856-76, and to the 
New York Tribune, 1857-69, his letters on public 
men and events during the civil war period earn- 
ing for him the title of the ‘‘ famous war corre- 
spondent.” He was clerk of the committee on 
the revision of the statutes, 1859; of the Massa- 
chusetts house of representatives, 1862-73, the 


journals of that body being first published under 


his supervision, and in 1871 and 1873 opposed by 
his writings the gubernatorial candidacy of Gen. 
B. F. Butler. His numerous legislative pam- 
phlets, reports and memorials include : Memoriat 
and Report on the Personal Liberty Bill (1861-67); 
The Salary Grab, an Exposé of the Million Dollar 
Congressioyal Theft (1873). He also published: 


Warrington’s Manual of Parliamentary Law 


(1875). He was buried in Sleepy Hollow ceme- 
tery, Concord, Mass. See: ‘‘* Warrington’ Pen 
Portraits ” (1877), edited by Harriet H. Robinson 
(q.v.). He died in Malden, Mass., March 11, 1876. 


[516] 








ee 















































ROBSON 


ROBSON, Stuart, actor, was born in Annapo- 
lis, Md., March 4, 1836. On Jan. 5, 1852, he made 
his first appearance on the stage at the Baltimore 
Museum, Md., as one of a mob of boysin John E. 
Owen’s ‘‘ A Glance at New York.” Having de- 
cided to make comedy his forte, he filled several 
ltory engagements, and subsequently ap- 
ured in various southern and western cities, 
playing at Laura Keene's theatre, 1862-63 ; at the 
Arch Street theatre, Philadelphia, Pa., with Mrs. 
John Drew, 1863-66, and at Selwyn’s theatre, Bos- 
ton, Mass., 1868-70. His first pronounced success 


ie 
was in the role of Captain Crosstree in the bur- 


eared in the Gaiety theatre, London, England, 
Hector in ‘Led Astray.” He was afterward 


Boarding-House,” ‘*‘ A Comedy of Errors,” ‘*‘ Merry 
Vives of Windsor” and ‘‘ The Henrietta.” After 
eparating from Mr. Crane in 1889, he starred in 

legitimate comedy, appearing in several new 

plays and reviving ‘* The Rivals,” ‘‘ She Stoops to 

Conquer,” ‘‘A Comedy of Errors,” ‘ Married 

Life,” “The Henrietta,” and others. He was 

married in 1894 to May Waldron of Hamilton, 

Ont., who had been a member of Augustin Daly’s 

ind Robson and Crane’s companies, and who sub- 

ently played the leading counter réles with 

Mr. Robson. In 1898 he produced Augustus 
Thomas’s comedy, ‘‘ The Meddler,” with his own 
ompany, which scored a success in New York 
sity and Boston, Mass. 

ROCHAMBEAU, Jean Baptiste, Donatien de 
Vimeure, count de, soldier, was born in Vendéme, 
nee, July 1, 1725. He attended the Jesuit col- 
at Blois, having been intended for the 
jurch, but in 1742 he entered the French army 
as cornet in the regiment of St. Simon, serving 
1 distinction in Germany, and in 1747 gaining 
otion to the rank of colonel. He succeeded 
ther as governor of Venddéme, June 1, 1749; 
is created a knight of St. Louis; was promoted 
rigadier-general, serving in Germany, 1758-61, 
d beca me inspector-general of cavalry in 1769, 
id lieutenant-general, March 1, 1780. He was 
Pp inted to the command of the army to sup- 
the American patriots, increased it to 6000 
id embarked under the escort of Chevalier 
ay, with five ships of the line, May 2, 1780. 
arrived at Rhode Island, July 12, 1780, after 
g defeated a British fleet off Bermuda, and 
tonce to erect fortifications to prevent the 
rted attack threatened by Sir Henry Clinton 
miral Arbuthnot. Heestablished his head- 
sat Newport, R.I., and sent his son, Dona- 
to Paris, to urge a reinforcement of money, 
sand troops. On June 18, 1781, he marched 
the Hudson river and defeated on Man- 

sland a body of Clinton’s army; made a 





ROCHE 


feint toward New Jersey, and joined Washing- 
ton’s army at Phillipsburg, N.Y., thus obliging 
Clinton to abandon his reinforcement of Corn- 
wallis and compeliing the latter to retire from 
Virginia. The siege of Yorktown was begun by 
the allied forces, Sept. 29, 1781, and Rochambeau 
led the two assaults, foreing Cornwallis to sur- 
render. In April, 1782, he marched against New 
York, but the plan being abandoned he embarked 
with his army at Delaware, Jan. 14, 1783, upon 
the frigate Ameraude, and arrived at Brest in 
March, 1783. He was deputy to the assembly of 
the notables in 1788; was engaged in repressing 
the riots in Alsace in 1790; was commissioned 


field marshal, Dec. 28, 1791 ; refused the office of 


secretary of war and was appointed to the com- 
mand of the Army of the North, but resigned, 
June 15, 1792. He was taken prisoner at Paris 
during the Reign of Terror in 1793, and in 1804 
was created a grand officer of the Legion of Honor 
by Napoleon. He was created a knight of the 
Saint Esprit by Louis XVI., and was appointed 
governor of Picardy and Artois. The U.S. con- 
gress presented him with two cannons, taken 
from the British at Yorktown, and bearing his 
escutcheon and an inscription, and also passed 
resolutions commending his bravery, the services 
he had rendered and the discipline he had main- 
tained in his army. A bronze statue was dedi- 
cated to his memory, May 24, 1902, in Lafayette 
square, Washington, D.C., a replica of one dedi- 
cated at Venddéme, France, in 1900. He died 
in Rochambeau castle, Thoré, near Venddme, 
France, May 10, 1807. 

ROCHE, James Jeffrey, editor and poet, was 
born in Mountmellick, county Queens, Ireland, 
May 31, 1847; son of Edward and Margaret 
(Doyle) Roche. He emigrated with his parents 
to Prince Edward Island in 1847, and attended 
St. Dunstan’s college, 
Charlottetown. He 
came to the United 
States in May, 1866, 
and was employed in 
business in Boston, 
Mass. He _ contrib- 
uted to various news- 
papers and maga- 
zines, and in June, 
1883, joined the staff 
of the Pilot as assist- 
ant editor under John 
Boyle O’Reilly. In 
August, 1890, he suc- 
ceeded Mr. O'Reilly 
as editor-in-chief. He 
was a member of the Metropolitan Park commis- 
sion, Boston, Mass., in 1893. He was the poet at 
the unveiling of the “ high-water mark” monu- 





[517] 


ROCHESTER 


ment on the field of Gettysburg, June 2, 1892; re- 
ceived the honorary degree of LL.D. from the 
University of Notre Dame, Indiana, in 1892, and 
is the author of : Songs and Satires (1886); Life 
of John Boyle O'Reiily (1891); The Story of the 
Filibusters (1891); Ballads of the Blue Water 
(1895); Her Majesty the King (1898), and By-Ways 
of War (1899). 

ROCHESTER, Nathaniel, pioneer, was born in 
Cople parish, Westmoreland county, Va., Feb. 21, 
1752; a descendant of Nicholas Rochester, who 
emigrated from Kent, England, in 1689 and set- 
tled in Westmoreland county, Va. He removed 
to Granville county, N.C., with his mother and 
step-father, Thomas Critcher, in 1763, and in 1768 
obtained employment as a clerk in a mercantile 
house in Hillsboro, N.C., becoming a partner in 
1773. He was a member of the committee of 
safety of Orange county in 1775; a member of the 
first provincial convention of North Carolina; 
appointed paymaster, with the rank of major, of 
the North Carolina line, and deputy commissary- 
general of the Continental army, May 10, 1776, 
but failing health caused his early resignation. 
He was a delegate to the house of commons; a 
commissioner to superintend the manufacture 
of arms at Hillsboro, and in 1778 engaged in busi- 
ness with Col. Thomas Hart. In 1783 they began 
the manufacture of flour, ropeand nails at Hagers- 
town, Md. He was a representative in the Mary- 
land assembly ; postmaster of Hagerstown, and 
judge of the county court. In 1808 he was presi- 
dential elector, voting for James Madison ; was 
first president of the Hagerstown bank, and was 
engaged in important mercantile transactions in 
Kentucky and Maryland. He made large pur- 
chases of Jand in New York state, and removing 
to Dansville, N. Y., in May, 1810, established a 
paper mill there. In 1815 he removed to Bloom- 
field, N.Y., and in 1818 settled at the falls of the 
Genesee river, and there founded the city of 
Rochester. He was secretary of the convention to 
urge the construction of the Erie canal; the first 
clerk of Monroe county; meniber of the state 
assembly, 1821 and 1822, and one of the organizers 
of the Bank of Rochester, and its first president. 
He died in Rochester, N.Y., May 17, 1831. 

ROCHESTER, William Beatty, soldier, was 
born in Angelica, N.Y., Feb. 15, 1826; son of 
William Beatty Rochester (a lawyer and judge of 
the 8th circuit of New York) and Amanda (Hop- 
kins) Rochester; grandson of Nathaniel Roches- 
ter, founder of the city that bears his name; 
great-grandson of Col. William Beatty of Fred- 
erick, Maryland, a soldier of the Revolution ; 
and a descendant of Nicholas Rochester, who 
emigrated from Kent, England, in 1689, and 
settled in Westmoreland county, Va. He re- 
moved to California in 1851, where he resided 


ROCKEFELLER 


until 1859. He entered the U. S. army as ad. 
ditional paymaster, June 1, 1861, and was brevet- 
ted lieutenant-colonel of volunteers, March 18, 
1865, for faithful and meritorious services during 
the war. He was married June 19, 1862. to 
Anna L., daughter of Henry H. and Annie Town- 
send Martin of Albany, N.Y. He was transferred 
to the regular army as paymaster with the rank 
of major, April 1, 1867; was promoted pay master- 
general with the rank of brigadier-general, Feb, 
17, 1882, and was retired, Feb. 15, 1890, on reach- 
ing the age limit. 

ROCKEFELLER, John Davidson, capitalist, 
was born in Richford, N. Y., July 8, 1839; son of 
William A. and Eliza (Davidson) Rockefeller. 
His father was a farmer in Tioga county in very 
straitened circumstances, and John worked on 
the farm and attended the district schools and 
the Oswego academy. He was a student at a 
commercial school in Cleveland, Ohio; obtained 
employment as clerk in the office of Hewitt and 
Tuttle, subsequently acting as bookkeeper and 
cashier, and in 1858 became a member of the firm 
of Clark and Rockefeller. In 1860, Samuel Adams, 
a porter for the firm. devised a new plan for re- 
fining petroleum, which interested Rockefeller, 
and resulted in the formation of a new partner- 
ship under the name of Andrews, Clark and Co. 
A small refinery was built and operated, which 
was soon after combined with one owned by his 
brother, William Rockefeller ; a warehouse was 
opened in New York city for the sale of the 
manufactured product, and in 1865, Henry M. 
Flagler was admitted into the firm, which then 
became William Rockefeller & Co. The Standard 
Oil company was formed in 1870 with a capital 
stock of $1,000,000, and with John D. Rockefeller 
as its president: Rival refineries were bought 
out and the company soon obtained a practical 
monopoly of the refining business, forcing the 
railroads to reduce the rates for carrying oil to 
half the amount charged other refineries, and 
establishing pipe lines throughout the United 
States. In 1881 the Standard Oil trust was 
formed, and after its dissolution in 1892, the Rocke- 
fellers devoted themselves to the control of their 
various separate companies, John D. Rockefeller’s 
annual income being estimated at $35.000,000, 
He was married in 1867 to Laura C. Spell- 
man, and they had four children, three of whom 
were daughters. The son, John Davidson Rocke- 
feller, Jr., born in 1877, married in 1901 Abby 
Green Aldrich. He was elected a trustee of the 


General Education board, chartered by congress — 


in 1902, on the organization of the board of trus- 
tees in Washington, Jan. 29, 1903, and announced 
his contribution of $100,000 per year for a term 


= 4 
of ten years to promote effective work under the - 


charter. John D. Rockefeller, Sr., devoted large 


[518] 


{ 


i 


o_o 











{ 
| 















































ROCKWELL 


ums of money to philanthropic, educational and 
eligious work. his chief benefactions being ex- 


eland, Ohio, for public inprovements ; Vassar 
ollege ; Barnard college : the American Baptist 
issionary union; the Baptist Home Missionary 
ociety ; Mt. Holyoke college; Brown  uni- 
ersity ; Denison university ; the endowment 
fa chair of psychology at Columbia college ; 
the new Horace Mann school in New York ; the 
Rochester Theological seminary ; the Spellman 
minary, Atlanta, Ga., the Newton Theological 
Institution ; Cornell university ; Bryn Mawr col- 
; the Rookefeller Institute of Medical Re- 
rch ; Wellesley college, and the Young Men’s 
stian association. 
ROCKWELL, Francis Williams, representa- 
ive, was born in Pittsfield, Mass., May 26, 1844; 
1 of Julius (q.v.) and Lucy Forbes (Walker) 
; He was graduated from Amherst col- 
A.B., 1868. A. M., 1871, and from Harvard 
school, LL.B. 1871. He was married, June 11, 
3, to Mary Gilbert, daughter of Henry Gilbert 
d Mary Bullard Dowse Davis of Pittsfield, Mass. 
He practised law in Pittstield ; was a special jus- 
of the district court of Central Berkshire, 
75; a representative in the state legislature 
1879; state senator, 1881-88, and a Republican 
epresentative in the 48th congress, to fill a vac- 
ney caused by the resignation of George D. Rob- 
n, and in the 49th, 50th and 5ist congresses, 
ing, 1884-91. He was a member of the com- 
tee on foreign affairs during the 50th and 51st 
ongresses, and of the committee on military af- 
in the 51st congress. 

ROCKWELL, Julius, senator, was born in Cole- 
rook, Conn., April 26, 1805; son of Reuben and 
ecca (Beebe) Rockwell, grandson of Samuel, 
descendant of William Rockwell, Dorches- 
Mass., 1630. He was graduated from Yale, 

A.M., 1829, LL.B., 1829 ; was admitted to the 
nd began practice in Pittsfield, Mass., in 
1830. He wasa representative in the general 
f Massachusetts, 1834-87, serving as speaker 
jouse, 1835-37. He was married, Nov. 22. 
Lucy Forbes, daughter of Judge William 
nd Luey (Adam) Walker of Lenox, Mass., 
member of the first board of bank com- 
ers, 1839-41, being chairman, 1840-41. He 
Vhig representative in the 28th, 29th, 30th 
t congresses, 1844-51; a delegate to the 
itutional convention of 1853, and was 
ed to the U. S. senate to fill a vacancy 
by the resignation of Edward Everett, June 
, and served until the election of Henry 
Feb. 10, 1855. He was the Republican 
e for governor, 1855; a presidential elector 
Frémont and Dayton ticket in 1856; a 
ative in the general court of Massachu- 


ended to the University of Chicago ; the city of 


RODDEY 
. 

setts in 1858, serving again as speaker of the 
house, and was appointed a judge of the newly 
established superior court of Massachusetts in 
June, 1859, resigning in October, 1886, the senior 
member of the court. In June, 1865, he removed 
to Lenox, Mass., to occupy the Walker homestead. 
left vacant by the death of his wife’s mother, 
where he died, May 19, 1884. 

ROCKWOOD, Charles Greene, Jr., scientist. 
was born in New York city, Jan. 11,1843; son of 
Charles Greene and Sarah (Smith) Rockwood: 
grandson of Ebenezer and Elizabeth Breese 
(Hazard) Rockwood and of George Bridges Rod- 
ney and Joanna (Vermilye) Smith, and a de- 
scendant of Nicholas Rockwood of Dorchester and 


Medfield, Mass. (1628-1680), who was born in 


; Q aoe as the seventh generation fro 
England, and was th th g t from 


Roger Rokewood of Euston, Suffolk, Eng. (died 
1482). He was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1864, 
Ph.D., 1866, A.M., 1867, and was married June. 


13, 1867, to Hettie Hosford, daughter of Simeon 
Parsons and Hettie Hosford (Smith) Smith of 
New York city. He was professor of math- 
ematics and natural philosophy at Bowdoin col- 
lege, 1868-73; professor of mathematics and 
astronomy at Rutgers college, 1873-77, and was 
elected professor of mathematics at the- College 
of New Jersey, Princeton, in 1877. He was a 
member of the Princeton eclipse expedition to 
Colorado in 1878 ; a member and secretary of the 
American Metrological society; fellow of the 
American Association for the Advancement of 
Science ; a member of the New Jersey Historical 
society ; the St. Nicholas Society of New York ; 
the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of New 
Jersey ; the New Jersey Society of the Sons of 
the Revolution; the American Social Science 
association ; the American Mathematical society, 
and the National Geographic society. The hon- 
orary degree of A.M. was conferred on him by 
Bowdoin in 1869, and by the College of 
Jersey in 1896. He made a special study of 
American earthquakes, and contributed articles 
to the American Journal of Science and to the 
reports of the Smithsonian Institution. 
RODDEY, Philip Dale, soldier, was born at 
Moulton, Lawrence county, Ala., in 1820. Pre- 
vious to the civil war he was engaged in the 
shipping business, and was proprietor and captain 
of a line of steamboats on the Tennessee river. 
In 1861 he raised a company of scouts for the 
Confederate service and afterward a cavalry 
brigade at his own expense. He was commis- 
sioned brigadier-general, Aug. 31, 1863, and his 
command formed a part of William T. Martin’s 
division, Wheeler’s corps, at the battle of Chick- 
amauga, Sept. 19-20, 1863. In the Atlanta cam- 
paign of 1864, General Roddey held a command 
of 600 men in Wheeler’s corps, and during the 


New 


[519] 


RODENBOUGH 


siege of Atlanta, on July 29, 1864, his cavalry 
brigade held in check at Newnan a command of 
raiders under General McCook, sent out by Gen- 
eral Sherman to destroy the one remaining line 
of communication open to the Confederates 
and to release at Andersonville 34,000 Federal 
prisoners. These raiders were finally routed by 
the combined forces of Generals Jackson and 
Wheeler under the latter’s command. In Wil- 
son’s raid through Alabama to Georgia, March, 
22-April 20, 1865, Roddey’s brigade was driven 
back on the road to Randolph, March 31, by Gen. 
Emory Upton, and the following day, after Gen- 
eral Long's successful charge on Ebenezer Church, 
Generals Forrest, Armstrong, Roddey and Adams 
escaped with a number of men under cover of 
darkness either by the Burnside and River roads 
or by swimming the Alabama river. General 
Roddey returned home in 1865, and in 1870 went 
to England, making his permanent home in Lon- 
don, where he died in August, 1897. 
RODENBOUGH, Theophilus Francis, soldier, 
was born at Easton, Pa., Nov. 5, 1838; son of 
Charles and Emily (Cauffman) Rodenbough ; 
grandson of Henry and Margaret (Brown) Roden- 
bough and of Lawrence and Sarah (Shewell) 
Cauffman, and a de- 
scendant of Joseph 
Theophilus Cauffman 
of Strasburg, Ger- 
many, who arrived 
in Philadelphia, 1749. 
He studied at private 
schools and under 
tutors, and attended 
Lafayette , college, 
' 1850-51. He engaged 
in mercantile  busi- 
ness at Easton, Pa., 
1856-61, and on March 
23, 1861, was commis- 
sioned 2d lieutenant, 
2d U.S. dragoons; 
promoted ist lieutenant, 2d cavalry, May 14, 1862, 
andserved in the Peninsular campaign (1862) 
under General McClellan. He was promoted cap- 
tain, July 17, 1862 ; captured at the second Bull 
Run, but was soon exchanged and took part in 
Stoneman’s raid inthe Chancellorsville campaign 
and in all cavalry engagements of the Gettysburg 
campaign. At Gettysburg he commanded the 2d 
U.S. cavalry, Merritt’s brigade, Buford’s division, 
which later, under Sheridan, was commanded by 
General Torbert. Captain Rodenbough was 
present in engagements before Richmond (1864), 
and participated in the Richmond and Trevilian 
raids, being wounded, June 11. He also served, 
commanding his regiment, in Sheridan’s Army of 
the Shenandoah, and was severely wounded, 





RODES 


losing his right arm while leading a charge at 
Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864. He was brevetted 
major ‘‘ for gallant and meritorious services ” in 
that engagement and at Trevilian Station, Va., 
lieutenant-colonel, March 12, 1865, ‘‘ for gallant 
and meritorious services during the war ;” colonel 
‘‘for gallant and meritorious services in the 
battle of Todd’s Tavern, Va.,” and brigadier- 
general for similar conduct in the battle of Cold 
Harbor, Va. . He was commissioned colonel, 
U.S.V., April 29, 1865, commanding the 18th 
Pennsylvania cavalry and district of Clarksburg, 
W.Va., being by direction of the President 
assigned to duty, with rank of brigadier-general, 


in July, and was honorably mustered out of the — 


volunteer service, Oct. 31, 1865. He was com- 
missioned major, 42d U.S. infantry, July 18, 1866, 
and Dec. 15, 1870, was retired with the full rank 
of colonel, the command held when wounded, 
receiving the congressional medal of honor for 
distinguished gallantry in action at Trevilian 
Station. He served at Forts Leavenworth and 
Ellsworth, Kan., 1865-66 ; and at Madison Bar- 
racks, N.Y., 1867-68; was deputy governor of 


the Soldiers’ Home, Washington, D.C., 1869-70; _ 


assistant inspector-general of the state of New 
York, 1879-82; and chief of the bureau of elec- 
tions, city of New York, 1890-1901. He was 
married Sept. 1, 1868, to Elinor Frances, daugh- 
ter of Passed Midshipman (U.S.N.) James and 
Delia (Montgomery) Foster of Boston, Mass. 
He was one of the founders (1879) and secretary 
of the Military Service institution, and author 
of: From Everglade to Canon with the Second 


Dragoons (1875); Afghanistan and the Anglo- — 
Russian Dispute (1885) ; Unele Sam’s Medal of 
Family — 
Trees (1892); Sabre and Bayonet (1897). He 
edited The Army of the United States (1896); and 


Honor (1886); Autumn Leaves from 


the Journal of the Military Service Institution 


(1880-89 and after 1901), and made a number of — 


contributions to leading periodicals. 


RODES, Robert Emmett, soldier, was born — 


in Lynchburg, Va., March 29, 1829. He was 
graduated from the Virginia Military institute, 


1848, remaining there as professor until his com-_— 


mission as captain of the Mobile cadets in 1861, _ 
He was subsequently promoted colonel and com-_ 
manded the 5th Alabama infantry, Ewell’s 2nd_ 
brigade, Army of the Potomac, in the first battle 
of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, leading the advance. — 
He was promoted brigadier-general, Oct. 21, 1861; 
and commanded a brigade in Hill’s division, at_ 
Williamsburg, Va., May 5, 1862. AtSeven Pines, — 
when the signal for attack was given, Rodes’s 
brigade was stationed on the south of the road in 
dense, marshy woods, and was engaged at the 
second abatis, where it met a fearful fire; a 
portion of his command being disastrously re- 


[520] 


ae | 


> 















































RODGER 
pulsed. General Rodes was badly wounded, 
although he refused to surrender his command 
te Col. J. B. Gordon until after the firing had 
ased. He rendered distinguished service in 
the final advance at Gaines’s Mills, June 27, 
1862, and heroically 


resisted General 
Meade’s brigade at 
South Mountain, 


Sept. 14, 1862, where 
his brigade lost one- 
third of its number. 
At the battle of Chan- 
cellorsville his brig- 
ade headed the col- 
umn in the line of 
battle on Orange 
Plank road, with 
Colston’s forming the 
second line, and A. P. 
Hill’s the third. At 
the command of Gen- 
eral Jackson he led the assault on the evening of 
ay 2, 1863, completely demoralizing Hooker's 
ft, commanded by Howard, and for this service 
was promoted major-general on the field, Atthe 
battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863, he com- 
manded a division, consisting of five brigades 
numbering 8000 men. Of these, 3000 were hors 
de combat after the first day’s fighting, and on 
he second day, with General Early, he was 
re ered to assault Cemetery Hill, but the attack 
was not successful. During the battles of the 
Vilderness General Rodes rendered most efficient 
ervice, especially on May 12, 1864, when his 
division, with that of Johnson, occupied the 
left of the salient, on which fell the main task of 
holding the enemy in check,and where before 
lawn raged the fiercest battle of the war. On 
Early’s march to Washington in the following 
, after McCausland’s gallant attack on the 
astern bank of the Monocacy, he joined Ram- 
in the pursuit of the enemy, capturing nearly 
isoners. At Winchester, Sept. 19, 1864, he 
the right of the line of battle under cover of 
oods. Upon the advance of the enemy, 
’s and Gordon’s divisions were ordered for- 
d, and being reinforced by the arrival of 
tle’s brigade, Rodes swept through the woods 
scattered the enemy, but in the very moment 
ictory he fell while heroically leading the at- 
He died on the battle field of Winchester, 
fa., Sept. 19, 1864. 
Beek: James George, educator, was born 
1 Hammond, N.Y., July 4, 1852; son of Robert 
Ann (Waddell) een grandson of William 
fargaret (Hill) Rodger and of Henry and 
eth (Ferrier) Waddell, and a descendant of 
neient Scottish clan of Rodger and of the 


RODGERS 


French Huguenot family of Waddell who fled to 
England on account of religious persecutions. 
He was graduated from Yale college, A.B., 1876; 
lectured on geological subjects and taught until 
1878 ; studied at the Harvard Divinity school, 
1878-79 ; at the University of Leipzig, 1879-80, 


and was graduated from Union Theological 
seminary, New York city, in 1884. He was or- 


dained to the Presbyterian ministry May 20, 
1884; was pastor at New Hamburg, N.Y., 1884- 
85, and at New Haven, Conn., 1885-89. He was 
married Oct. 22, 1885, to M. Anna, daughter of 
Peter and Sarah (Foster) Waddell of Northum- 
berland, England. He continued his studies in 
the Universities of Edinburgh and Berlin, 1889- 
93; was pastor at Ogdensburg, N.Y., 1893-94; 
president of the National Correspondence school, 
Buffalo, N.Y., 1894-95, and of Benzonia college, 
Mich., from 1895 until September, 1897, when he 
resigned to lecture on ‘* The Evidences of Christ- 
ianity from a Scientific Basis” and in 1901 was 
made president of the Interstate college, Hum- 
phreys, Mo. He received the degree of Ph.D. 
from Benzonia college for work done in the uni- 
versity of Edinburgh, 1896, and is the author of: 
Adolphus, a religious drama (1897), and The 
Gospel of Science (1900). 

RODGERS, Christopher Ra eaieia Perry, 
naval officer, was born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Noy. 
14, 1819; son of Com. George Washington and 
Anna Maria (Perry) Rodgers, and a nephew of 
Com. Oliver H. Perry, U.S.N. He was warranted 
midshipman in the U.S. navy, Oct. 5, 1833, and 
had command of the schooner Phenix during 
the Seminole war in Florida, 1840-41. He was 
promoted lieutenant, Sept. 4, 1844; was on block- 
ading duty in the Gulf of Mexico in 1847-48, and 
took part in the siege of Vera Cruz and the cap- 
ture of Tabasco and Tuspan. He commanded the 
steamer Bibb and the schooner Gallatin on the 
U.S. coast survey, 1856-57; was promoted com- 
mander, Oct. 
oy 186 com-= 
manded the Wa- 
bash as fleet-cap- 
tain under Rear- 
Admiral Samuel 
F. DuPont in the 
battle of Port 
Royal: directed 
the fleet of gun- 
boats on the 
coast south of Port Royal, and was in command of 
the naval forces in the trenches at the capture of 
Fort Pulaski. In March, 1862, he commanded an 
expedition to St. Augustine and up the St. Marys 
river; was fleet-captain, commanding the New 
Tronsides in the attacks on the forts defending 
Charleston, April 7, 1863, and in the later opera- 





US.S. WABASH. 


[521] 


RODGERS 


tions of the South Atlantic blockading squadron. 
He commanded the Jrogwois until 1866. He 
was promoted captain, July 25, 1866 ; commanded 
the Franklin in the Mediterranean, 1868-70 ; was 
promoted commodore, Aug. 28, 1870; served as 
chief of the bureau of yards and docks, 1872-74 ; 
was promoted rear-admiral, June 14, 1874; was 
superintendent of the U.S. Naval academy, 1874- 
738 and 1880-81, and commanded the naval forces 
on the Pacific, 1878-80. He was retired, Nov. 14, 
1881, and presided over the international meridian 
conference at Washington in 1885. He died in 
Washington, D.C., Jan. 8, 1892. 

RODGERS, Frederick, naval officer, was born 
in Maryland, Oct. 8, 1842 ; son of Robert Smith and 
Sarah (Perry) Rodgers; grandson of John (q.v.) 
and Minerva (Denison) Rodgers and of Matthew 
Calbraith and Jane Perry. He was graduated 
from the U.S. Naval academy in 1861, and ap- 
pointed acting master in April, 1861. He served 
throughout the civil war on blockading service ; 
was promoted lieutenant, July 16, 1862; lieuten- 
ant-commander, July 25, 1866; commander, Feb. 
4, 1875; captain, Feb. 28, 1890 ; commodore, Dec. 
6, 1898, and rear-admiral, March 8, 1899. He was 
president of the board of inspection and survey, 
1897-1900, and senior squadron commander, Asi- 
atic squadron, on board the U.S.S. New York, 
1901-02, his date of retirement being Oct. 3, 1904. 
He married, Feb. 2, 1882, Sarah M., daughter of 
John C. and Jane (Creed) Fall of San Francisco. 

RODGERS, George Washington, naval officer, 
was born in Harford county, Md., Feb. 22, 1787; 
a brother of Com. John Rodgers (q.v.). His 
father was an officer in the Revolution. He was 
warranted a midshipman in the U.S. navy, April 
2, 1804; was promoted heutenant, April 24, 1810, 
and assigned to duty on the sloop Wasp, being pres- 
ent at the engagement between the Wasp and the 
Frolic, Oct.18, 1812. He was included in the vote 
of thanks passed by congress, and received asilver 
medal. He was married to Anna Maria, daughter 
of Christopher Raymond and Sarah (Alexander) 
Perry. He was given command of the brig Fire- 
fly in the war with Algiers in 1815; was commis- 
sioned master-commandant, April 27, 1816, and 
assigned to the command of the ship Peacock in 
the Mediterranean, 1816-18. He was promoted 
captain, March 3, 1825; was a member of the 
board of examiners, 1828-30, and was promoted 
commodore and commanled the Brazil squadron, 
1830-82. He died in Buenos Ayres, May 21, 1832. 

RODGERS, George Washington, naval officer, 
was born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 80, 1822; son of 
George Washington and Anna Maria (Perry) Rod- 
gers. He was warranted midshipman in the U.S. 
navy, April 30, 1836; promoted passed midship- 
man, July 1, 1842, andserved in the Mexican war, 
1846-48, as acting master on the steamer Colonel 


RODGERS 


Harney and the frigate John Adams. He wasa 
member of the U.S. coast survey, 1849-50 ; was 
promoted lieutenant, June 4, 1850; was assigned 
to duty on the Germantown, 1851-53, and was 
commandant of the U.S. Military academy, 1861- 
62, where in April, 1861, he prevented the capture 
of the Con- 
stitution by 
secession- 
ists and 
transferred 
the naval 
academy to 
Newport, 
Ral: Het 
was pro- = 
motedcom- 
mander, Jan. 16, 1862; commanded the moni- 
tor Catskill in the attacks on Charleston in 
October, 1862, and on April 7, 1863, steamed 
almost under the walls of Fort Sumter. He 
was appointed chief of staff to Admiral Dahl- 
gren, July 4, 1863, and was distinguished for his 
bravery in the silencing of Fort Sumter and the 
batteries on Morris Island. He was killed by a 
shot that pierced the pilot-house of the Catskill 
in the attack on Fort Wagner, and died on board 
his ship, Charleston Harbor, 8.C., Aug. 17, 1863. 
RODGERS, James Webb, author, was born in 
Hillsborough, N.C., July 11, 1822. He was grad- 
uated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 1841, 
A.M., 1844; studied theology, and was ordained to 
the priesthood of the P.E. church. He was mar- 
ried in 1849 to Cornelia Harris of Tennessee ; was 
rector of St. Paul’s parish, Franklin, Tenn., and 
built Christ church, Holly Springs, Miss., St. 
Thomas’, Somerville, Tenn., and served under 
Bishop Leonidas Polk in the Confederate army. 
He removed to England in 1865; joined the 
Roman Catholic church; resided in New York 
city, 1870-74; in Indianapolis, Ind., where he 





THE FRIGATE 
CONSTITUTION, 


~~ See. 





edited the Central Catholic, 1874, and in Mem- | 


phis, Tenn, 1874-76. He practised law in Wash- 
ington, D.C., 1876-96; became a patent lawyer, 
and was connected with the Pan-Electric Tele- 
phone company. 
the Greek Slave (1870); Madame Surratt, a Drama 
in Five Acts (1879); Arlington and Other Poems 
(1883), and Parthenon (1887). 
thenon Heights, Bladensburg, Md., Jan. 2, 1896. 


RODGERS, John, clergyman, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Aug. 5, 1727; son of Thomas and — 


Elizabeth Rodgers, who emigrated from London- 
derry, Ireland, to Boston, Mass., in 1721, and from 
there to Philadelphia, Pa., in 1728. 
ed an academy in Chester county, Pa., studied 
theology under the Rev. Samuel Blair of Fagg’s 
Manor, and the Rev. Gilbert Tennent, and was 


He is the author of: Lafitte, or 


He died at Par 


John attend- — 


licensed to preach by the presbytery of New- 
[522] 











RODGERS 












































castle, Oct. 14, 1747. He engaged in missionary 
ork in Somerset county, Md., in 1748 ; was or- 
lained, March, 16. 1749, and was installed pastor 
; at St. George’s, March 16, 1749, preaching there 
and at Middletown, until 1865, when he succeeded 
to the pastorate of the Rev. David Bostwick’s 
church in New York city. He built anew church 
edifice in 1767, and served until September, 1776, 
when he removed his family for safety to Green- 
field, Conn. He was chaplain to Gen. William 
Heath’s brigade in April, 1776, and went to 
Savannah, Ga., to spend the winter of 1776-77, 
He was chaplain of the New York provincial 
congress, the council of safety and the first state 
legislature in 1777, all three of which convened 
at Esopus, N.Y. ; preached in Esopus and Amenia, 
N.Y.; in Sharon and Danbury, Conn.; and in 
‘Le mington, N.J., during the war, and in 1783 
returned to his congregation in New York city, 
where he found his house in ruins, and _ his 
churches demolished, having been used as bar- 
racks for soldiers. During the process of rebuild- 
ing he was invited to hold his services in St. 
Paul’s and St. George’s (Protestant Episcopal) 
urches. His health forced him to retire from 
a tive work in September, 1809. He wasa trustee 
of the College of New Jersey, 1765-1807 : received 
the degree D.D. from the University of Edinburgh 
in 1768; was vice-chancellor of the University of 
th he State of New York, 1787-1811; moderator of 
he first General Assembly of ine Presbyterian 
urch at Philadelphia in 1789, and president of 
he Missionary society organized in 1796. He was 
narried, first, in September, 1752, to Elizabeth, 
di ughter of Col. Peter Bayard of Cecil county, 
d.,and secondly, in 1764, to Mary, widow of Wil- 
iam Grant of Philadelphia. He published several 
ermons. He died in New York city, May 7, 1811. 
RODGERS, John, naval officer, was born in 
Harford county, Md., July 11, 1771; a brother of 
m. George Washington Rodgers (q.v.). He 
ed the merchant marine service in 1784, and 
8 made captain of a trading ship in 1789. He 
tered the U.S. navy as lieutenant, March 9, 
8; was assigned to the Constellation, Captain 
‘ton, and was present at the capture of 
gente off Nevis, W.I., Feb. 9, 1799. He 
ut in command of the prize with eleven 
and carried her successfully into port, sup- 
ng an attempt made by the captured crew to 
rain the vessel. He obtained a leave of absence; 
chased a vessel and went to Santo Dom- 
reg 9 where he helped to suppress a slave insur- 
ion, saving many lives. He was promoted 
i it U.S.N., March 5, 1799; was sent on 
dispatch duty to France in 1801; com- 
ed the John Adams off the coast of Tripoli, 
2-03, and in an attempt to run the blockade, 
e captured the Moorish ship Meshonda. He co- 


RODGERS 


operated with the Enterprise in a battle with 
nine Tripolitan gun-boats, and destroyed a Tri- 
politan corsair, July 21, 1808. On his return to 
the United States in December, 1803, he was given 
command of the Congress, and joined the squad- 
ron under Commodore Barron, off the Tripolitan 
coast. He succeeded Barron in command of the 
squadron, May 22, 1805, and on June 3, 1805, he 
obtained a treaty with Tripoli, and in December, 
1805, procured a more favorable treaty with 
Tunis. He was married in 1806, to Minerva 
Denison (1784-1877). He was in command of 
the gun-boats at New York, 1806-09; was assign- 
ed to the frigate President, and commanded the 
home squadron on patrol duty, to prevent the 
impressment of seamen by British vessels. While 
on the outlook for the British frigate Guerriére, 
in the evening of May 16, 1811, he overtook a 
vessel, which he supposed to be the Guerriére, 
but which proved to be the Little Belt, a sloop of 
war. In the encounter the British loss was 9 
killed and 20 wounded, and the Little Belt was 
badly crippled. This action further strained the 
relations between the two countries, and Rodgers 
was tried by a regular court, but was acquitted. 
On June 18, 1812, war was declared against Great 
Britain, and on June 21, Rodgers sailed in the 
President in command of a squadron to intercept 
the fleet of 100 British merchantmen bound to 
England from Jamaica under convoy of British 
men-of-war. On June 22, the fleet was discovered 
and chase given. Rodgers hailed the British 
frigate Belvidere, and after exchanging a broad- 
side, gave chase, but after a running fight of 
eight hours the Belvidere escaped. todgers 
returned to Boston after a ten weeks’ cruise, with 
six prizes. He made three other cruises, captur- 
ing in all twenty-three prizes. In June, 1814, he 
commanded the sailors and marines in the de- 
fence of Baltimore, and had charge of the water 
battery and the naval flotilla barges. He was 
offered the secretaryship of the navy by President 
Monroe in 1818, which office he declined, but 
served as acting secretary of the navy in 1823. 
He was president of the board of naval commis- 
sioners, 1815-24 and 1827-37, and commanded 
the Mediterranean squadron, 1824-27. He was 
the senior officer of the U.S. navy at the time of 
his death at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 1, 1888. 
RODGERS, John, naval officer, 
Harford county, Md., Aug. 8, 1812; son of Com. 
John and Minerva (Denison) Rodgers. He was 
warranted midshipman in the U.S. navy, April, 
1828; served on the Constellation, 1829-32; at- 
tended the naval school at Norfolk, Va., 1832-54; 
was promoted passed midshipman in June, 1834, 
and was a student at the University of Virginia, 
1835-36. He was attached to the brig Dolphin, 
on the Brazilian coast, 1836-39; commanded the 


was born in 


[523] 


RODGERS 


schooner Wave, off the coast of Florida in 1839; was 
promoted lieutenant, Jan. 22, 1840; was attach- 
ed to the schooner Jefferson, and took part in the 
war with the Seminoles in Florida, 1840-43. He 
’ was engaged in sur- 
veying duty, 1849-52, 
and made charts and 
sailing directions of 
the coast of Flor- 
ida; commanded the 
steamer John Han- 
cock in the U.S. ex- 
ploring and survey- 
ing expedition in the 
North Pacific and 
China seas in 1852- 
55; commanded the 
Vineennes in the 
Arctic ocean in 1855 ; 
was commissioned 
commander, Sept. 14, 
1855, and served on special exploring duty until 
1861. He was ordered to superintend the con- 
struction of the ironclad Benton at Cairo, Ill., 
and in November, 1861, joined Du Pont’s ex- 
pedition to Port Royal and took part in the 
capture of Fort Walker. He was in command of 
the James river expedition in May, 1862; led the 
attack on Fort Darling, May 15, 1862; was in 
command of the Galena before Drewry’s Bluff, 
when two-thirds of her crew were killed ; was 
commissioned captain, July 16, 1862, and com- 
manded the monitor Weehawken in 1863. He 
engaged the Confederate ironclad Atlanta in 
Warsaw Sound, Ga., June 17, 1863, and after a 
fight that lasted fifteen minutes the Atlanta 
struck her colors. He received a vote of thanks 
from congress and was promoted commodore, 
June 17, 1863 ; commanded the monitor Dictator 
on special service, 1864-65, and in 1866 he was in 
command of the monitor Monadnock, taking her 
through the Straits of Magellan to San Francisco, 
While stopping at Valparaiso, he strove to pre- 
vent the bombardment by the Spanish, proposing 
armed interference to the British admiral, which 
the latter refused. He was commandant of the 
Boston navy yard, 1866-69; was commissioned 
rear-admiral, Dee. 8, 1869, and commanded the 
Asiatic squadron, 1870-72, landing a force in 
Korea, and capturing five forts, after forty-eight 
hours’ marching. He was in command of the 
Mare Island navy yard, 1873-77, and was super- 
intendent of the U.S. navalobservatory at Wash- 
ington, 1877-82. He was president of the transit 
of Venus commission ; was a corporate member 
of the National Academy of Sciences, and suc- 
ceeded Prof. Joseph Henry as chairman of the 
lighthouse board in 1878. He died in Washing- 
ton, D.C., May 5, 1882. 





[524 


RODMAN 
































RODMAN, Isaac Peace, soldier, was born in 
South Kingstown, R.1., Aug. 18, 1822, son of 
Samuel Rodman, a woolen manufacturer, from 
whom Isaac, after attending the com:mon schools, 
learned the business, 
subsequently becom- 
ing a partner of the 
firm. He was mar- 
ried to Sally, daugh- 
ter of Gov. L. H. Ar- 
nold (q.v.) and Sally 
(Lyman) Arnold. He 
was colonel of militia; 
a member of the state 
legislature for several 
years, and a state 
senator in 1861, when 
he resigned to raise a 
company of volun- 
teers for the 2d 
Rhode Island  regi- 
ment, and of which he was chosen the captain. 
For his gallantry at the battle of Bull Run, 
July 21, 1861, he was promoted lieutenant col- 
onel, Oct. 25, and assigned to the 4th Rhode 
Island volunteers, in which most of the 2d Rhode — 
Island re-enlisted. At the capture of Roanoke 
Island, Feb. 8, 1862, he was colonel of the regi- 
ment in General Parke’s brigade, and followed 
the 25th and 27th Massachusetts regiments, mak- 
ing a demonstration through the swamp on the 
enemy’s left. At the battle of Newbern, March 
14, Colonel Rodman’s offer to charge through 
an opening left in intrenchments for the railroad 
to pass through, was accepted ; and the 8th Con- 
necticut and 5th Rhode Island regiments having 
been ordered to his support, he passed the rifle- 
pits, entered the intrenchments, moving toward — 
the right, and captured nine brass guns, driving — 
the enemy from his intrenched position between 
the railroad and the river. For this brilliant — 
action, which was the culminating point of the 
battle, and for his honorable part in the siege and 
capture of Fort Macon, April 11-26, 1862, he was 
promoted brigadier-general, April 28, 1862. He 
was an invalid at his bome, South Kingstown, 
until September; commanded the 4th division in 
Reno’s 9th army corps, in the Maryland campaign, 
and on the morning of Sept. 13, 1862, he was | 
ordered to support Pleasanton’s cavalry recon- 
noitering the passes of Catoctin mountain, but 
through some misunderstanding his division wa 
the last to arrive upon the summit on the after- 
noon of the 14th, and was straightway sent 
the support of Sturgis and Wilcox, who were beat- 
ing back the enemy on the left. At the battle 
of Antietam immediately following, his division 
being exposed to the direct fire of the Confeder- 
ate guns, he crossed the ford and, joined b 








1 
‘J 


RODMAN 














































. 


Scammon's brigade, resisted the struggle made 
by Toombs, who held the bridge. When the 
general movement began, he went forward to- 
ward Sharpsburg, where he found the enemy 
occupying ridges on his left front, so that he was 
unable to keep his connection with Wilcox, 
although he made good progress against stubborn 
resistance, his movement becoming practically 
by column of brigades. He directed Colonel 
Harland to lead the right against A.P. Hill's 
division, disguised in Federal uniforms and 
den in the cornfield, while he himself at- 
tempted to bring the left into position. In per- 
forming this duty, he fell mortally wounded by 
a minie rifle-ball, Sept. 17, 1862. He was conveyed 
to the hospital near Sharpsburg, Va., and his wife, 
father, and the family physician reached his bed- 
side before his death. He died, Sept. 29, 1863. 
RODMAN, Thomas Jefferson, ordnance offi- 
cer, was bornin Salem, Ind., July 80, 1815. He 
was graduated from the U.S. Military academy 
1841 and was breveted 2d leutenant, and as- 
ned to the ordnance department, July 1, 1841. 
served at the Allegheny, Pa., arsenal, 1841-48 ; 
was promoted Ist lieutenant, March 3, 1847, and 
supervised the manufacture of cannon at Fort 
Pitt foundry, Pittsburg, Pa., in 1847. He was ord- 
nance officer stationed at the depots at Camargo 
and Point Isabel, Mexico, 1847; at Allegheny ar- 
senal, 1848-54; was in command of the Allegheny 
wsenal, 1854-55; of Baton Rouge arsenal, La., 
96, and was promoted captain July 1, 1855, 
fourteen years continuous service. He was 
tioned at Allegheny arsenal, 1857-59; com- 
nanded the Watertown arsenal, Mass., 1859-65 ; 
; perintended the casting of the first 15-inch Co- 
umbiad, the 12-inch rifled Rodman gun, and the 
ich smooth bore, and supervised the casting 
projectiles and ordnance, after an invention 
own, 1864-65. He was promoted major, 
1, 1863, and brevetted lieutenant-colonel, 
lonel and brigadier general, U.S.A., March 13, 
39, for faithful, meritorious and distinguished 
es in the ordnance department. He was in 
d of Rock Island arsenal, Ill., of which 
ntended the construction, 1865-71; was 
d lieutenant-colonel, May 7, 1867, and 
ember of ordnance and artillery boards, 
7. Hediedin Rock Island, Ill., June 7, 1871. 
NEY, Cesar, signer, was born at St. Jones’s 
Kent county, Del., Oct. 7, 1728; son of 
and———_(Crawford) Rodney, and grandson 
illiam and Alice (Cesar) Rodney, who emi- 
from Bristol, England, settled first in 
phia, and then in Dover, Del., William 
al offices, becoming justice of Newcastle 
and speaker of the first house of assembly. 
in 1708. Cesar Rodney, the younger, 
a large estate, was sheriff of Kent 


RODNEY 


county, 1755-58 ; a justice of the peace, and judge 
of the lower courts in 1758. He superintended 
the printing of Delaware currency in 1759, and 
was appointed a commissioner to provide for the 
support of a company of militia raised for the 
French and Indian war. He was elected repre- 
sentative in the colonial assembly several times 
after 1762; was recorder of Kent county in 1764, 
and a justice of the peace, 1764-66. In 1765 he 
was sent as delegate to the stamp act congress 
in New York and when the act was repealed, he 
was appointed by the legislature of Delaware to 
frame an address of thanks to the king. He was 
register of bills in 1766, and in 1787 joined Thomas 
McKean and George Read in forming a second 
address to the King, setting forth the tyranny of 
England and threatening armed resistance to the 
tea act. He was superintendent of the loan office 
in 1769; an associate justice, 1769-73; clerk of 
the peace in 1770, and in 1772 was appointed a 
commissioner to erect a state house and other 
public buildings at Dover. He was chairman of 
the committee of safety of Delaware, issuing a 
call for the assembling of a convention at New- 
castle, Aug. 1, 1774, of which he was chairman, 
and was a delegate to the Continental congress, 
1774-84, serving as a member of its general com- 
mittee, appointed to make a statement of the 
rights and grievances of the colonists. He was 
also a signer of the Declaration of Independence 
of July 4, 1776. He was appointed colonel of mil- 
itia in May, 1775, and brigadier-general in Sep- 
tember, 1775, and went to Morristown, N.J., in 
1776, where he joined General Washington, but 
returned to Delaware in 1777. He was chosen 
judge of the admiralty, June 5, 1777, having 
refused the appointment of judge of the newly 
organized supreme court of Delaware. In 
August, 1777, he collected 
troops to prevent the British 
from joining their fleet, and 
in September, 1777, was 
appointed major-general of \\ 
militia. He was elected a \ 
delegate to the Continental 
congress that met at Philadel- 
phia, Pa., July 2, 1778, but did not take his seat, 
having been elected president of the ** Delaware 
State” in 1778, in which capacity he served till 
1782. He died in Dover, Del., June 26, 1784. 
RODNEY, Cesar Augustus, soldier and states- 
man, was born in Dover, Del., Jan. 4, 1772; son 
of Col. Thomas and Elizabeth (Fisher) Rodney ; 
grandson of William and Alice (Caesar) Rodney, 
and a nephew of Cesar Rodney (q.v.). He was 
brought up by his uncle, who made provision in 
his will for his education; was graduated from 
the University of Pennsylvania, A.B., 1789, A.M., 
1792; was admitted to the bar in 1793, and estab- 





[5251 


RODNEY 


lished himself in practice in Wilmington, Del. 
He was married in 1791 to Susan, daughter of 
John Hunn. He was a representative in the 8th 
congress, 1808-05, serving on the committee on 
ways and means, and on Dec. 4, 1804, was chosen 
one of the managers to conduct the impeachment 
trial of Judge Chase; also, in 1805, conducting 
the impeachment trials of three of the four judges 
of the supreme court of Pennsylvania. He was 
appointed attorney-general of the United States 
in 1807, and held this office under Presidents Jef- 
ferson and Madison till 1811, when he returned to 
his law practice at Wilmington. On the outbreak 
of the war of 1812 he commanded a rifle corps in 
Wilmington, Del., which was later changed to a 
company of light artillery, of which he became 
captain and which tie commanded on the Cana- 
dian frontier. He was a member of the commit- 
tee of safety of Delaware in 1813; state senator 
in 1815, and was appointed one of the commis- 
sioners sent to South America by President Mon- 
roe to report on the conditions of the Spanish- 
American republics and the advisability of recog- 
nizing them as independent governments. He 
was a representative in the 17th congress, 1821- 
22, taking his seat, Dec. 3, 1821, resigning, Jan. 24, 
1822, to take his seat in the U.S. senate, and re- 
signing from the senate, Jan. 27, 1823. He was 
the first Democrat to be sent to congress. He 
was appointed U.S. minister plenipotentiary to 
the United Provinces of La Plata, and arrived at 


Buenos Ayres, Dec. 27, 1823, where he was received 


with imposing ceremonies, but declining health 
prevented his active participation in affairs. In 
connection with John Graham he published : 
Reports on the Present State of the United Prov- 
inees of South America (1819). He died in Buenos 
‘Ayres, S.A., June 10, 1824. 

RODNEY, Caleb, governor of Delaware, was 
born in Lewes, Del., April 29, 1767; son of John 
and Ruth (Hunn) Rodney, and brother of Sena- 
tor Daniel Rodney (q.v.). tle engaged in the 
mercantile business in Lewes; wasspeaker in the 
state senate, and on the death of Governor John 
Collins in April, 1822, he was chosen acting gov- 
ernor of Delaware, serving until 1823, when he 
was succeeded by Samuel Paynter. He died in 
Lewes, Del., April 29, 1840. 

RODNEY, Daniel, senator, was born in Lewes, 
Sussex county, Del., Sept. 10, 1764; son of John 
and Ruth (Hunn) Rodney, and great-grandson of 
William Rodney, the emigrant. He was master 
of a coasting vessel when a youth, and was twice 
captured by the British, and after the war he 
settled in business in Lewes, and was married, 
March 5, 1788, to Sarah, daughter of Maj. Henry 
Fisher. He was judge of the court of common 
pleas of Delaware for twelve years; presidential 
elector in 1809, and was governor of the state of 


[526] 


ROE 

















































Delaware, 1814-17. In 1821 he received the four 
electoral votes of Delaware for vice-president of — 
the United States ; was a representative in the | 
17th congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the 
resignation of Casar A. Rodney (q.v.), serving 
from Dec. 2, 1822, to March 8, 1828, and was ap- 
pointed U.S. senator to fill the vacancy caused by | 
the death of Nicholas Van Dyke, serving from 
Dec. 4, 1826, to Jan. 23, 1827, when a successor 
was elected. He.died in Lewes, Del., Sept. 2, 1846. 

RODNEY, Thomas, delegate, was born in Sus- 
sex county, Del., June 4, 1744; son of Caesar and 
(Crawford) Rodney, and brother of Caesar — 
Rodney, the signer (q.v.). Thomas was a justice — 
of the peace in 1770 and 1784; a member of the © 
assembly held in 1774 for the purpose of electing 
delegates to the first Continental congress; a 
member of the council of safety in 1775, and a 
colonel of Delaware militia during the war. He 
was married to Elizabeth Fisher. He was chief. 
justice of the Kent county court, 1778-79 ; regis- 
ter of wills, 1779-81, and a delegate to the Conti- 
nental congress, 1781-83 and 1785-87. He was 
speaker of the state assembly in 1787; was super- 
intendent of the Kent county alms-house in 1802, 
and in 1803 he was appointed U.S. judge for the — 
territory of Mississippi. The town of Rodney, — 
Jefferson county, Miss., in which he was a large 
land owner, was named in his honor. He died in 
Rodney, Miss., Jan. 2, 1811. 

ROE, Charles Francis, soldier, was born in 
New York city, May 1, 1848; son of Stephen 
Romer and Josephine (Foster) Roe; grandson of 
Bentley and Elizabeth (Romer) Roe, and of — 
James Gardinerand Anna E. (Colson) Foster, and 
a descendant of Stephen Roe, a Revolutionary 
soldier, who settled in Ulster county, N.Y., 1782, 
as conveyancer and school teacher. Charles — 
Francis Roe entered the U.S. Military academy 
in 1864, and Jan. 15, 1868, was appointed 2d lieu- 
tenant in the Ist cavalry. He was transferred to 
the 2d cavalry in 1870, and was mustered out of — 
the service, Dec. 28, 1870, owing to the reduction 
ofthe army. He was commissioned 2d lieutenant, 
2d cavalry, in 1871, and in 1876 led one of the 
columns sent to the relief of General Custer. 
He was married, July 29, 1874, to Katherine Bis- 
sell, daughter of John Banter and Elizabeth (Bis- 
sell) Bogert of Brooklyn, N.Y. He served as 





was promoted Ist lieutenant; resigned his com- 
mission, Jan. 31, 1888, and engaged in real estate 
business in New York city. In 1889 he became the 
first captain of troop A, 1st brigade, N.G.S.N.Y. 
which troop did effective work during the stri 
in Buffalo, N.Y., in 1892, and in Brooklyn, N.Y., 
in 1895. He was appointed major of the squad- 


command of the N.G.S.N.Y. 


. ‘ 


general in 


ROE 















































Governor Black on Feb. 9, 1898. He was com- 
_missioned brigadier-general of volunteers by 
President McKinley, June 10, 1898, and after 
_ service in the war with Spain, resigned his com- 
mission in the volunteer service on Sept. 10, 1898. 
He was elected a member of many clubs. 

ROE, Edward Payson, author, was born in 
Moodna, New Windsor, Orange county, N.Y., 
March 7, 1838; son of Peter, grandson of James, 
- great-grandson of Nathaniel, great?-grandson of 
Nathaniel Roe, and great®-grandson of John 
Rowe, who settled in Setauket, L.I., in 1660. 
He attended Williams college, but did not gradu- 
ate ; studied at the Auburn Theological semi- 
nary, 1861-62, and was ordained at Somers, 
N.Y., by the North River presbytery in 1862. 
He joined the Federal army as chaplain of 
Harris’s light cavalry, in which he served, 1862- 
64; was hospital chaplain at Fort Monroe, 1864- 
65, and was pastor of the Highland Falls Presby- 
terian church, 1866-74. He was married, Nov. 
24, 1863, to Anna Paula Sands of New York. 
He visited the ruins of the great Chicago fire, 
and there collected the material for his first 
novel, Barriers Burned Away (1872), which 
first appeared as a serial in the New York Evan- 
gelist. On resigning his pastorate at Highland 
- Falls in 1874, he retired to Cornwall-on-the-Hud- 
‘son, and gave his attention chiefly to writing 
‘novels, which were widely circulated, The titles 
‘of his books include: Play and Profit in my 
_ Garden (1873): What Can She Do ? (1878); Open- 
ing of a Chestnut Burr (1874); From Jest to 
Earnest (1875); Near to Nature’s Heart ee 
A Knight of the Nineteenth Century (A877); A 
Face Illumined (1878); A Day of Fate (1880); 
Success with Small Fruits (1880); Without a 
Home (1881); His Sombre Rivals (1883); A Young 
; ins Wooing (1884) ; Nature’s Serial Story (1884); 
An Original Belle (1885); Driven Back to Eden 
(1885); He Fell in Love with His Wife (1886) ; 
The Earth Trembled (1887), and Miss Low, a 
“ ory of southern life after the war, which was 
completed after his death from his diary. He 
ed i in Cornwall, N.Y., July 19, 1888. 

; "ROE, Francis Asbury, naval officer, was born 
in Elmira, N.Y., Oct. 4, 1823. He attended 
Elmira academy ; was appointed acting mid- 
hipman, Oct. 19, 1841 ; warranted midshipman, 
Feb. 3, 1842: was louis warrant officer on the 
ston, Sept. 3, 1844; was attached to the 
ton of the Gulf squadron during the Mexican 
, 1846-47, and when she was wrecked in the 
amas ; served on the Alleghany in 1847 ; was 
noted passsed midshipman, Aug. 10, 1847; 

luated at the U.S. Naval academy, July 12, 

8,and was detached from the Albany, Aug. 13, 
_ He was married in the following Septem- 
to Eliza J. Snyder. He was executive and 


ROE 


watch officer on the mail steamer Georgia, New 
York and West India line, 1850-52; on duty in 
Bering sea, and was executive officer on the brig 
Porpoise in the North Pacific exploring expedi- 
tion, 1852-54, serving with distinction in a suc- 
cessful battle with thirteen heavily armored 
pirate junks in Koulan Bay, China. He was 
commanding and executive officer of the flag- 
ship Vincennes, Arctic exploring expedition, 1855; 
was promoted master, Aug. 8, 1855, and lieuten- 
ant, Sept. 14, 1855. He served in the coast sur- 
vey of Georgia, 1856; cruised in the Macedonian, 
Mediterranean station, 1858-59, and again until 
July 14, 1860, when he became assistant inspector 
of ordnance at the New York navy yard, serving 
until July 14, 1861, 
executive offi- 
cer to the Pen- 
sacola, the 
second vessel 
in the first di- 
vision under % 
Capt. Theodo- < 
rus Bailey; * 
and on Aug. 
24, 1862, led 
the starboard 
column of the fleet past Forts Jackson and Sb. 
Philip. For his conduct on this occasion he was 
especially commended by Com. Henry Morris, 
and recommended for promotion, He was pro- 
moted lieutenant-commander, and assigned to 
the gunboat Katahdin, Aug. 5, 1862, and the 
same day was present at the battle of Baton 
Rouge, commanding as senior officer three of 
Farragut’s gunboats, the shots from which were 
directed by signals from the tower of the Loui- 
siana state capitol. Lieutenant-Commander Roe 
was ordered north on account of ill health in 
February, 1863, and on Sept. 4, 1868, was assigned 
to the command of the ‘‘ double ender” Sassacus, 
North Atlantic blockading squadron, destroying 
two English blockade runners during the Wil- 
mington blockade, and was engaged in the 
defeat of the rebel ram Albemarle and her con- 
sort Bombshell in the North Carolina sounds, 
May 5, 1864, receiving the thanks of the secre- 
tary of the navy and an advancement of ** five 
numbers in his grade for gallant and meritorious 
conduct before the enemy.” He was detached 
from the Sassacus, July 20, 1864, on account of 
illness; took command of the steamer Michigan 
on the lakes, Nov. 11, 1864, suppressing an insur- 
rection of miners at Marquette and at Houghton, 
and causing the privateer Georgian to be cap- 
tured by English authorities at Collingwood, 
Canada. He was promoted commander, July 
25, 1866; and commanded the Madawaska ; and 
subsequently the Zacony, as commander of the 


when he was assigned as 





U.S.S." PENSACOLA -1858 


[527] 


ROEBLING 


Gulf division of Rear-Admiral Palmer’s squad- 
ron at Vera Cruz, at the time of the execution 
of Maximilian. He took General Santa Anna 
from an American steamer and sent him out 
of Mexico, and as negotiator between General 
Juarez’s forces and the imperial governor of 
Vera Cruz, received the surrender of that city 
from General Gomez in 1867, preserved order, 
and established a provisional government. After 
Mexican affairs were settled he was ordered to 
Washington, D.C., where he received the thanks 
and congratulations of President Johnson and 
his cabinet. He was fleet-captain of the frigate 
Delaware, Asiatic fleet, Admiral Rowan, 1867-71: 
was promoted captain, April 1, 1872; was captain 
of the Boston navy-yard, 1872-73; cruised in the 
Lancaster, Brazil station, as chief of staff, 1873- 
75, and was on duty at the naval station, New 
London, 1875-76. He was a member of the 
board of examiners at the U.S. Naval academy, 
1879, and was promoted commodore, Novy. 7, 
1879. He served as president of various boards, 
1880-83, and as governor of the U.S. Naval asy- 
lum, Philadelphia, 1883-84; was promoted rear- 
admiral, Nov. 8, 1844, and having reached the 
age limit was placed on tie retired list, Oct. 4, 
1885. He is the author of : Navel Duties and Dis- 
cipline (1864), and ‘*Modern Culture,” essays 
published in the Naval Magazine. He died in 
Washington, D.C., Dec. 28, 1901. 

ROEBLING, John Augustus, civil engineer, 
was born in Milhausen, Prussia, June 12, 1806; 
son of Polycarp and Amelia Roebling. He was 
graduated from the Royal Polytechnic school, 
Berlin, C.E., 1826, and was in the government 
employ, 1826-29, as assistant on the construction 
of military roads in Westphalia. He emigrated 
to the United States in 1829, and settled near 
Pittsburg, Pa., where he engaged in agriculture. 
He became interested in the development of the 
Western frontier, giving his attention to the 
canal improvements and to slack water naviga- 
tion and railroad enterprises, and surveyed the 
lines of the Pennsylvania railroad from Harris- 
burg to Pittsburg. He was married in 1836 to 
Johanna, daughter of Ernest and Adelheid Hert- 
ing of Saxonburg, Butler county, Pa. He then 
became a manufacturer of iron and steel wire, 
and had charge of the construction of the wood- 
en aqueduct across the Allegheny river at Pitts- 
burg, 1844-45; constructed the suspension bridge 
over the Monongahela river at Pittsburg in 1846, 
and four suspension bridges over the Delaware 
and Hudson canal in 1848. He removed his wire 
manufactory to Trenton, N.J., and in 1851 secured 
the appointment as engineer to build a bridge 
across the Niagara river to connect the New York 
Central railroad with the Canadian railway sys- 
tem. This suspension bridge, the first capable of 


I 


528, 


ROEBLING 































bearing the weight of railroad trains, was finish- 
ed in 1855. The span was 825 feet, and it was 
supported by four 10-inch wire cables. In 1855 
he built a wire cable bridge over the Allegheny 
river at Pittsburg, and in 1856 contracted for 
the bridge between Cincinnati and Covington, 
finishing the work in 1867. On May 28, 1867, he 
was appointed chief engineer of the construction 
of the East River bridge between ies! and 











es cles 
rary ie eae el aa i 
BROOKLYN BRIPGE, 

New York; prepared the plans for the strochaal 
and began the work of construction in 1869. 
While engaged in fixing the location of the 
Brooklyn tower, a ferry boat entering the slip — 
dislodged the timbers on which he stood, causing — 
them to catch and crush his foot. The injury 
resulted in lockjaw and caused his death. He is — 
the author of: Long and Short Span Railway 
Brion (1869). He died in Brooklyn, N.Y., July 
22, 1869. 

ROEBLING, Washington Augustus, civil en- 
gineer, was born in Saxenburg, Pa., May 26, 1837; 
son of John Augustus and Johanna (Herting) 
Roebling. He was graduated from the Rens- 
selaer Polytechnic institute, Troy, N.Y., C.E., 
1857, and engaged in professional work under 
his father (q.v.). In 1861 he joined the Federal 
army as a private in the 6th N.Y. artillery. In 
1862 he was transferred to Gen. Irvin McDowell’s 
staff as an engineer, and was engaged in the con 
struction of a suspension bridge across the Rap- 
pahannock river ; was transferred to Gen. John 
Pope’s staff, and built the suspension bridge 
across the Shenandoah river at Harper’s Ferry. 
He served on balloon duty and on engineering 
duty, 1863-64; was promoted major on the staff 
of General Warren commanding the 5th corps, 
April 20, 1864, and was brevetted colonel, March 
13, 1865. He was married, Jan. 18, 1865, to 
Emily, daughter of Sylvanus and Phoebe Warren 
of Cold Spring, N.Y., and she died in Trenton, 
N.J., March 1, 1903. He resigned his commis 
sion in January, 1865, and assisted his father in 
the construction of the Cincinnati and Covington 
bridge across the Ohio river. In 1868 he studied 
pneumatic foundations abroad, and in 1869, upon 
the death of his father, he was called to the sup- 
erintendence of the Brooklyn Bridge construction, 
and to that end settled in Brooklyn, N.Y., and 
J 


ROGERS 


































personally supervised the sinking of the caissons, 
During the fire in the Brooklyn caissons in Dec- 
ember, 1871, he was stricken with caisson fever, 
but continued to carry on his work from the sick 
room, in which he was greatly assisted by his 
wife. In 1873 he was obliged to go abroad for his 
health, but on his return after several months re- 
sumed his position as chief engineer and carried 
he work to its completion in 1883. The struc- 
a when completed cost about $13,000,000 in- 
stead of the original estimate of $7,000,000 made 
by his father, the increase being due to improve- 
‘ments in the construction and cost of real estate. 
1 he total length of the bridge and approaches is 
5,989 feet, and the middle span is 1,595 feet. Mr. 
Roebling was vice-president of the John A. Roeb- 
ling and Sons company, manufacturers of iron 
and steel wire and wire rope, at Trenton, N.J. 
He is the author of Military Suspension Bridge 
(1863). 
_ ROGERS, Fairman, civil engineer, was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 15, 1833; son of Evans 
and Clara Augusta (Fairman) Rogers. He was 
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, 
A.B., 1853, A.M., 1856 ; was lecturer on mechanics 
at Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, 1853-64 ; pro- 
fessor of civil engineering at the University of 
Pennsylvania, 1856-71, and a trustee of the Uni- 
sity, 1871-86. He was a member of the Ist 
op of Philadelphia cavalry in 1861, and served 
sa volunteer officer of U.S. engineers, during 
tl le Antietam and Gettysburg campaigns. In 
1862 he made a survey of the Potomac river north- 
ward from Blakiston Island, for the U.S. coast and 
seodeticsurvey. Hewas a member and treasurer 
of the National Academy of Sciences ; a member 
the American Philosophical society ; the 
nerican Society of Civil Engineers, and of the 
nsylvania Historical society. He was mar- 
in 1856 to Rebecca H., daughter of John F. 
pin of Philadelphia. Among his important 
sientific papers are : Combinations of Mechanism 
pr gid Mental Processes (1874); Notes on 
nts Difference Engine (1874); Terrestrial 
agnetism and the Magnetism of Iron Ships 
383), and A Manual of Coaching (1899). He 
ied in Vienna, Austria, Aug. 24, 1900. 
ROGERS, Henry Darwin, geologist, was born 
hiladelphia, Pa., Aug. 1, 1808; son of Patrick 
rand Hannah (Blythe) Rogers. He received 
- education in Baltimore, Md., and Williams- 
, Va.; was professor of chemistry and nat- 
philosophy at Dickinson college, Pa., 1830- 
d studied science in London, England, in 
‘He lectured on geology at the Franklin 
tute, 1833-34, and was professor of geology 
we ineralogy at the University of Pennsyl- 
1835-46. He made a geological and miner- 
survey of New Jersey, 1835-36 ; was in 





ROGERS 


charge of the geological survey of the state of 
Pennsylvania, 1836-41; was employed as an ex- 
pert by several coal companies, 1841-51, and con- 
tinued his work on the survey of Pennsylvania, 
1851-54. He removed to Edinburgh, Scotland, 
and engaged in the 
preparation of a final 
report of the survey, 
and in 1858 was ap- 
pointed professor of 
natural history at the 
University of Glas- 
gow, where he re- 
mained until his 
death. The honorary 
degree of A.M. was 
conferred on him by 
the University of 
Pennsylvania in 1834, 
and that of LL.D. by 
the University of 
Dublin in 1857. He 
was a member of the American Philosophical 
society, the Philadelphia Academy of Natural 
Sciences, the Geological society of London, a fel- 
low of the Royal society of Edinburgh, and presi- 
dent of the Philosophical society of Glasgow. He 
edited The Messenger of Useful Knowledge (1830- 
81); was one of the managers of the Edinburgh 
New Philosophical Journal, and is the author of : 
Description of the Geology of the State of New 
Jersey (1840); The Geology of Pennsylvania, a 
Government Survey (2 vols., 1858); A Guide to a 
Course of Lectures on Geology ; A Geological Map 
of the United Statesand a Chart of the Arctic 
Regions in the Physical Atlas, and A Geograplh- 
teal Map of the United States, with William and 
Alexander N. Johnson (1857). He died near 
Glasgow, Scotland, May 29, 1866. 

ROGERS, Henry Wade, jurist, was born in 
Holland Patent, N.Y., Oct. 10, 1858. He was 
graduated from the University of Michigan, A.B., 
1874, A.M., 1877. He was married in 1876 to 
Emma, daughter of John Ogden and Sarah Jane 
Winner of Pennington, N.J. He wasadmitted to 
the bar in 1877; was Tappan professor of law at 
the University of Michigan, 1882-85 ; professor of 
law and professor of Roman law, 1885-90, and 
dean of the law school, 1885-90. He was presi- 
dent of Northwestern university, 1890-1901, re- 
signing to become professor of law at Yale 
university in September, 1901. He was chairman 
of the section of legal education of the American 
Bar association, 1893-94 ; chairman of the World’s 
Congress on Jurisprudence and Law Reform at 
the World’s Columbian exposition, Chicago, in 
1893, and general chairman of the Saratoga Con- 
ference on the Foreign Policy of the United 
States in 1898. The honorary degree of LL.D. 





[529] 


ROGERS 


was conferred on him by Wesleyan university, 
Conn., in 1890. He is the author of : Expert Tes- 
timony (1883),and many articles in law and other 
publications. 

ROGERS, Horatio, jurist, was born in Provi- 
dence, R.I., May 18, 1836; son of Horatio and 
Susan (Curtis) Rogers; grandson of David Curtis 
of Worcester, Mass, and a descendant of James 
Rogers, freeman, Newport, R.I., 1640. He was 
graduated from Brown university in 1855; was 
admitted to the bar in 1858, and practised in 
Providence, R.I., 1858-73 and 1885-91. He was 
justice of the police court in 1861, and served in 
the civil war, rising from 1st lieutenant to major 
of the 8d Rhode Island heavy artillery regiment, 
serving as colonel of the 11th and subsequently of 
the 2d R.I. volunteers, and being brevetted brig- 
adier-general of U.S. volunteers, March 13, 1865. 
He was attorney-general of Rhode Island, 1864- 
67 and 1888-89 ; a member and president of the 
Providence common council; a representative in 
the state legislature, 1868-69 and 1874-76; was 
elected associate justice of the supreme court of 
Rhode Island, May 27, 1891, and was attached to 
the appellate division in 1899. He resigned from 
the bench, Feb. 17, 1903. He engaged in the 
manufacture of cotton at Providence, 1873-85. 
He was twice married ; first, on Jan. 28, 1861, to 
Lucia, daughter of Resolved Waterman of Provi- 
dence ; and secondly, Oct. .6, 1869, to Emily Pris- 
cilla, daughter of Gov. James T. Smith of Provi- 
dence. He was president of the Rhode Island 
Historical society, 1889-95; a member of the 
American Antiquarian society, and of other 
learned associations, and received the honorary 
degree of LL.D. from Trinity college, Hartford, 
Conn., in 1896. He edited, with copious notes, 
the journal of Lieut. (afterward Major-General) 
James H. Hadden of Burgoyne’s army, as Had- 
den’s Journals and Orderly Books (1884), and is 
the author’of: Private Libraries of Providence 
(1878); Mary Dyer of Rhode Islund (1896), and 
many contributions to periodicals. 

ROGERS, James Blythe, chemist, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 22, 1803; eldest son of Dr. 
Patrick Kerr and Hannah (Blythe) Rogers, and 
grandson of Robert and Sarah (Kerr) Rogers of 
county Tyrone, Ireland. His father emigrated 
from Ireland to Pennsylvania in 1798; was 
graduated, M.D., from the University of Penn- 
sylvania in 1802; practised in Philadelphia 
and Baltimore, and was professor of natural 
philosophy and mathematics at William and 
Mary college, 1819-28. James B. Rogers at- 
tended William and Mary college ; studied medi- 
cine under Dr. Thomas E. Bond, and was gradu- 

* ated from the University of Maryland, M.D., 1822. 
He taught school in Baltimore ; practised medi- 
cine in Little Britain, Pa., for a short time, but 


ROGERS 


soon returned to Baltimore, and engaged in 
business as superintendent of a chemical manu- 
factory. He was married in September, 1830, to 
Rachel Smith of Baltimore. He was professor of 
pure and applied chemistry at Washington Medi- 
cal college,  Balti- 
more; at the medical 
department of Cin- 
cinnati college, 1835- 
39, and in 1840 re- 
moved to Philadel- 
phia, Pa., where he 
was assistant state 
geologist under his 
brother Henry, 1840- 
44; lecturer on chem- 
istry at the Philadel- 
phia Medical institute 
in 1841; professor of 
general chemistry at 
the Franklin Insti- 
tute, 1844-47, and pro- 
fessor of chemistry at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, 1847-52. He lectured on pure and applied 
chemistry at the Mechanics institute ; wasa rep- 
resentative at the National Medical convention in 
1847; a delegate to the National convention for 
the revision of the U.S. Pharmacopeeia in 1850, 





and with his brother Robert prepared the seventh — 
‘Elements of 
and William Gregory’s ‘ Outlines of 
Organic Chemistry.” published in one volume — 


edition of Edward Turner’s 
Chemistry ” 


(1846). He died in Philadelphia, June 15, 1852. 


ROGERS, John, educator, was born in Assing-* ' 


ton, England, in January, 1631; son of the Rev. 
Nathaniel (1598-1656) and Margaret (Crane) — 


Rogers; grandson of the Rev. John Rogers of 
Dedham, England, and of Robert Crane, and a 
descendant of John Rogers, the martyr. His 
father brought his family to New England, 
through the influence of Thomas Hooker, in.1686, 


and preached at Ipswich, with the Rev. John — 
John Rogers was — 
graduated at Harvard college, A.B., 1649, A.M., ~ 
1652; studied both medicine and divinity, and — 
He also J 


Norton as colleague, 1638-56. 


preached at Ipswich, Mass., 1656-82. 
engaged in medical practice there, and was mar-— 


ried to Ehzabeth, daughter of General Denison. — 
He entered into office as president of Harvard — 
college, April 10, 1682, succeeding Urian Oakes, — 


who died, July 25, 1681, but he was not inaugu — 
rated until Aug. 12, 


his successor, June 11, 1685. 
two pamphlets sent them by John Rogers and — 


his son John. These are supposed to have related 
to the opposition which the house was making to- 


[5380] 


a. 


1683, and served the col-— 
lege until his death, Increase Mather becoming 
The records of the — 
province of Massachusetts state that in December, — 
1705, the general court voted to have destroyed f 


tp 















































ROGERS 


her Majesty's instructions to the governor in re- 
gard to his salary and other topics. John Rogers 
died in Cambridge, Mass., July 2, 1684. 

_ ROGERS, John, sculptor, was born in Salem, 
‘Mass., Oct. 30, 1829; son of Jolin and Sarah Ellen 
(Derby) Rogers; grandson of Daniel Denison 
and Elizabeth (Bromfield) Rogers, and of John 
and Eleanor (Coffin) Derby, and a descendant of 
‘ Nathaniel Rogers, 
born at Haverhill, 
England, about 1598, 
who came to Boston 
in 1633, and was pas- 
tor of a church in 
Ipswich, Mass. ; also 
of Mary Chilton of 
the Mayflower. We 
attended the public 
schools of Boston; 
: Was employed in a 
dry goods store, and 
later in a machine 
shop at Manchester, 
N.H. He gave his 
attention to model- 
ing in clay and executed several small groups. 
In 1858 he visited Europe, andin 1859 he removed 
to New York, where he established himself as a 
‘seulptor. He was married, April 26, 1865, to 
‘Harriet Moore, daughter of Charles Stephen and 
Catherine (Jewett) Francis of New York. His 
‘statuette groups, which made him famous, where 
reproduced in a composition plaster of his own 
invention and had a large sale. During the civil 
war he executed a series of statuettes illustrating 
incidents of the conflict. These included: The 
Slave Auction (1860); Picket Guard (1861); Union 
Refugees (1863); Wounded Scout (1864); One 
More Shot (1864); Taking the Oath and Drawing 
Rations (1865); and The Council of War (1868). 
Among his other groups are: The Checker Play- 
rs (1859); The Charity Patient (1867); Coming 
to the Parson (1870); a series of three groups 
illustrating Irving’s ‘“‘ Rip Van Winkle” (1870); 
t oing for the Cows (1873); Checkers up at the 
Farm (1877); Ha! Ilike not that, from Othello 
i 1880 ); Is it so nominated in the bond ? from the 
Merchant of Venice (1880); Fetching the Doctor 
); Why Don’t you Speak for Yourself, John? 
from Miles Standish (1885). He also executed 
he equestrian statue of Gen. John F. Reynolds, 
vhich stands before the city hall, Philadelphia; 
astatue of Abraham Lincoln; two large bronze 
groups entitled : Ichabod Crane and the Headless 
Horseman (1887), and The Landing of the Norse- 
nen (1893), and many other small ones, 

ROGERS, John Almanza Rowley, educator, 
us born in Cornwall, Conn., Nov. 12, 1828; son 
a John C. and Elizabeth (Hamlin) Rogers ; 


a 


ROGERS 


grandson of Deacon Noah and Lydia (Cornwell) 
Rogers and of Benjamin and Deborah (Rowley) 
Hamlin, and a direct lineal descendant of John 
Rogers, burned at the stake in Smithfield, Lon- 
don, 1555. He prepared for college at Williams 


academy in Stock- 
bridge, Mass.; was 


graduated from Ober- 
lin college, A.B., 1851, 
A.M., 1855; taught in 
New York city, 1851- 
53, and was graduated 
from the Oberlin 
Theological seminary 
in 1855, entering the 
Congregational min- 
istry, and preached 
in Roseville, IIL, 
1855-58. He was mar- 
ried, Jan. 24, 1856, to 
Elizabeth, daughter 
of Norris and Eliza 
Embree of Philadelphia, Pa. In 1868, under tle 
commission of the American Missionary society, 
he went to Berea, Ky., where in a rude building 
he opened a school with fifteen pupils, the num- 
ber increasing to ninety-six by the close of the 
first term. His wife assisted him in his labors. 
In September, 1858, he was made chairman of a 
committee to draw up a constitution for the pro- 
posed Berea college. The school met with great 
favor in the community and grew rapidly. The 
question arising in a school debate as to whether 
colored persons should be admitted to the school, 
Mr. Rogers expressed his opinion in the affirma- 
tive, and in consequence most of the sons of 
slave-holding parents withdrew from the school. 
At the time of John Brown’s raid in 1859 it was 
decided at a mass meeting of the citizens to *‘ se- 
cure the removal from the state within ten days 
of Rev. John G. Fee, Rev. J. A. R. Rogers and 
such others as the committee think necessary for 
public quiet and safety.” Thereupon they left 
the town and remained away until the close of 
the war. In 1865 Professor Rogers returned and 
the school was re-opened and colored students 
were admitted, this being the first white institu- 
tion to take such action. Professor Rogers re- 
mained its principal until July, 1868, when E. H. 
Fairchild (q.v.) was called to the presidency. 
Professor Rogers remained at Berea college as 
professor of Greek, 1868-78, and was a trustee 
of the institution from its origin. On leaving 
Kentucky, he went to Decatur, Ohio, where he 
founded the Ohio Valley academy, and while re- 
siding there he was made examiner for Marietta 
college and Lane Theological seminary. In 1878 
he removed to Shawano, Wis., where he was 
pastor of the Presbyterian church till 1884, mean- 






Mig 
itt. 
RE ae 





i, (531] 


ROGERS 


while serving as examiner for the University of 
Wisconsin and Lake Forest university. He then 
took service inthe Catholic Apostolic church and 
acted as evangelist for six years, making his 
home in Philadelphia, and in 1890 became pastor 
of the same church in Hartford, Conn., resigning 
in 1892 because of failing health. He received 
the degree D.D. from Berea in 1901. He is the 
author of: Birth of Berea College: A Story of 
Providence, with an introduction by Hamilton 
Wright Mabie (1903). 

ROGERS, John Henry, representative, was 
born in Bertie county, N.C., Oct. 9, 1845; son of 
Absalom and Harriet (Rice) Harrell Rogers, and 
grandson of William and Peggy (Parker) Rogers 
and of Jamesand Celia (Yates) Rice. His grand- 
parents antedate the Revolution of 1776, and were 
all North Carolinians. He served in the Con- 
federate army asa private, and later as 1st lieuten- 
ant in the 9th Mississippi infantry, 1862-65; was 
graduated from the University of Mississippi in 
1868; taught school, studied law and was ad- 
mitted to the bar of Mississippi. He removed to 
Fort Smith, Ark., in 1869; was married, Oct. 9, 
1873, to Mary Gray, daughter of Dr. Theodore 
and Elizabeth (Sidney) Dunlop of Danville, Ky.; 
was circuit judge of the state, 1877-82, and a 
Democratic representative in the 48th-51st con- 
gresses, 1883-1891. He was chairman of the 
Arkansas delegation to the Democratic national 
convention in 1892, and wasappointed U.S. judge 
for the western district of Arkansas in 1896. The 
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him 
by Centre college, Danville, Ky., in 1895. 

ROGERS, John Rankin, governor of Washing- 
ton, was born in Brunswick, Maine, Sept. 4, 
1888 ; son of John and Margaret (Green) Rogers ; 
grandson of John Rogers; great-grandson of 
Capt. John Rogers, a privateersman of 1812, and 
a descendant of William and Dinah (Rankin) 
Rogers, who emigrated from Londonderry, Ire- 
land, just prior to the Revolutionary war. He 
was a clerk in a drug store in Boston, Mass., 
1852-56 ; engaged in the drug business in Jack- 
son, Miss., 1856; taught school in Cumberland 
county, Ul., 1858-60; and was married in 1861 
to Sarah L., daughter of Cyrus Greene of Neoga, 
Ill. He was principally engaged in farming 
from 1861-70. He was again in the drug busi- 
ness in Brunswick, Maine, 1870-75, removed to 
Neoga, Ill., and engaged in the same business for 
one year. In 1876 he removed to Kansas and en- 
gaged in farming, and in 1878 became active in 
organizing Farmers’ Alliances. He edited the 
Kansas Commoner at Newton, 1887-90, and in 
1890 removed to Puyallup, Wash., where he was 
elected a member of the state legislature 1893, 
and held other offices. He was elected governor 
of Washington in 1895, and was re-elected in 


ROGERS 


1899 for the term to expire in 1904. He is the 
author of : The Irrepressible Conflict (1894) ; Look- 
ing Forward (1896); The Inalienable Rights of 
Man (1898). He died at Puyallup, Wash., Dec. 
26, 1901. 

ROGERS, Moses, navigator, was born in New 
London, Conn., in September, 1780. He assisted 
Robert Fulton in his experiments with the steam- 
boat, and in 1808 
commanded the 
Clermont. He 
was associated 
with Robert L. ~ 
Stevens in the= 
command of the =: 
Phenix, the first ocean-going steamer that made 
the trip from New York to Philadelphiain June, 
1809. He later commanded the steamer Savan- 
nah on her trial-trip from Charleston to Sa- 
vannah, for which vessel he had built a 90-horse 
power low-pressure engine, which he placed in 
the hull under the direction of William’ Scar- 
borough (q.v.). He had as a passenger in this 
trial-trip President Monroe. In the Savannah 
Captain Rogers, with his brother Stephen as 
engineer, made the first trip across the ocean in 
a steam vessel, leaving Savannah, March 28, 1819, 


me “CLERMONT,” 
BUILT BY FULTON 
IN 1807. 





and arriving at Liverpool, June 18, 1819, and sub- — 


sequently visiting Copenhagen, St. Petersburg 
and Norway. Inthe passage across the Atlantic, 
her engines were used 14 of the 22 days consumed 
in the passage, sails being used 8 days to save 
fuel. He died in Cheraw, §.C., Sept. 15, 1822. 
ROGERS, Randolph, sculptor, was born in 
Waterloo, N.Y., July 6, 1825. He received a 
common-school education and engaged in busi- 
ness in Ann Arbor, Mich., and in New York city 


_until 1848, when he went to Rome, Italy, to study 
He opened a — 


modelling with Lorenzo Bartolini. 
studio in New York city in 1850, and in 1855 re- 
turned to Italy. Among his works are: Ruth 
(1851); Nydia (1856); Boy Skating ; Isaac, a full- 
length figure ; Jsaac, an ideal bust (1865); mem- 


orial monuments for Cincinnati (1863-64), Provi- | 


dence (1871), Detroit (1872), and Worcester, 
Mass., 


(1874); Lost Pleiad (1875); Genius of — 
Connecticut, on the capitol at Hartford (1877), — 


and an equestrian group of Indians in bronze ~ 


(1881). He executed the statue of John Adams, 
in Mt. Auburn cemetry (1857); the bas-reliefs on 
the doors of the capitol at Washington, represent- 
ing scenes in the life of Columbus, which were 


“i 


cast in bronze at Munich, in 1858 ; completed the ~ 


Washington monument at Richmond, by adding 


the figures of Marshall, Mason, and Nelson; the , 


Angel of the Resurrection ; and portrait statues of 


Abraham Lincoln for Philadelphia, Pa. (1871), 


and William H. Seward for New York city” 


(1876). He died in Rome, Italy, Jan. 15, 1892. 


[532] 








ws 





ROGERS 

































ROGERS, Robert Empie, chemist, was born 
in Baltimore, Md., March 29, 1813; son of Pat- 
‘ick Kerr and Hannah (Blythe) Rogers, and 
re her of William Barton Rogers (q.v.). His 
arly education was superintended by his father. 
in 1826 he entered his brothers’ school at Windsor, 
Md , and in 1828 he matriculated at Dickinson 
ollege, continuing his studies at William and 
i ry college, 1828-31. In the summer of 1831 he 
was employed in railway surveying in New Eng- 
and; spent the following winter in New York 
ity, where he delivered four lectures on chemis- 
resumed surveying near Boston, Mass., in 
iy, 1833, and in the fall entered the medical 
department of the University of Pennsylvania, 
1 ron m which he was graduated in 1836. Mean- 
vhi le he constructed a galvanometer for his 
brc ; foe James and assisted his brother Henry in 
preparing models to illustrate the latter’s lectures 
Be tallography. He served as chemist to 
the geological survey of Pennsylvania, 1836-42 ; 
yas acting instructor in chemistry in the Uni- 
arsity of Virginia, 1841-42, and professor of gen- 
and applied chemistry and materia medica, 
52. He was married, March 13, 1843, to 
ny Montgomery, daughter of Joseph 8S. Lewis 
of Philadelphia, Pa. Upon the death of his 
rother James in 1852 he became professor of 
he omistry in the University of Pennsylvania and 
Jean of the medical faculty in 1856, and also 
erved as acting surgeon at the West Philadel- 
Military hospital, 1862-63. In January of 
latter year, as the result of a painful injury 
ived while demonstrating the operation of an 
ing machine in the hospital laundry, he was 
red to suffer the amputation of his right 
Dr. Rogers's wife died, Feb. 21, 1863, and 
1s married secondly, April 20, 1866, to Delia 
ers of Providence, R.I. With Dr. H. R. 
man, he was appointed, May 10, 1872, by 
ary of the Treasury Boutwell a committee 
ine the melter’s and refiner’s department 
U.S. mint at Philadelphia, Pa., visiting 
connection the San Francisco mint, 1873, 
assay-office in New York city, 1874, and 
uted several other government appoint- 
of a similar nature, including the annual 
commissions, 1874-79. He was a chemist 

as-trust of Philadelphia, 1872-84, and in 
rered his connection with the University 
sylvania to become professor of medical 
ry and toxicology in the Jefferson Medical 
of Philadelphia, retaining the position 
few months before his death, when he 
de professor emeritus. He was a fellow 
ollege of Physicians and Surgeons; an 
or and member of the National Acad- 
of Sciences ; president of the Franklin insti- 
of Philadelphia, 1875-79, and a member of 


ROGERS 


various other scientific organizations, to whose 
Proceedings he contributed. He also edited, 
with James B. Rogers, *‘ Elements of Chemist hee 
(1846), and Charles G. Lehman’s “ Physiological 
Chemistry ” (2 vols., 1855). 
the Life and Character of Dr. 
Holland, M.D. (1885). 
Pa., Sept. 6, 1884. 
ROGERS, Robert William, orientalist,was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 14, 1864; son of Dr. 
Samuel and Mary (Osborne) Rogers; grandson 
of John and Esther (Rapp) Rogers and of Wil- 
liam and Ann (Kerr) Osborne. He attended the 
Central High school in Philadelphia and the 
University of Pennsylvania, 1882-84, and was 
graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1887, He was 
a graduate student at Johns Hopkins university, 
the University of Pennsylvania, Haverford col- 
lege, and the Universities of Berlin and Leipzig ; 
and was instructor in Greek and Hebrew at 
Haverford, 1887-88. He was married, June 3, 
1891, to Ida Virginia, daughter of Henry Zook 
and Elizabeth (Ascough) Ziegler of Philadelphia, 
Pa, He was professor of English Bible and Sem- 
itic history at Dickinson college, Pa., 1890-92, 
and was elected professor of Hebrew and Old 
Testament exegesis at Drew Theological semin- 
ary, Madison, N.J., in 1893, and non-resident 
lecturer at the Woman’s college, Baltimore, Md., 
in 1896. He was a member of the Society of 
Biblical Archeology, London; the American 
Oriental society ; the Society of Biblical Liter- 
ature and Exegesis; the Oriental club of Phila- 
delphia ; the American Philosophical society ; a 
member of the Eighth International Congress of 
Orientalists in Stockholm and Christiana in 1889, 
and a member and honorary secretary of the 
Assyrian and Babylonian section of the Ninth 
International congress in London in 1892 ; official 
foreign delegate to the Tenth International con- 
gress at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1894, to the 
Eleventh International congress at Paris in 1897, 
and to the Thirteenth at Hamburg in 1902. The 
degrees of A.M. and Ph.D. were conferred on him 
by Haverford college in 1890; that of D.D. by 
Wesleyan university in 1894, that of Ph.D. by 
the University of Leipzig in 1895, and that of 
LL.D. by Nebraska Wesleyan and Baker uni- 
versities in 1899. He is the author of: Two 
Texts of Esarhaddon (1889); Catalogue of Man- 
uscripts, chiefly Oriental, in the library of 
Haverford college (1890); Unpublished Inserip- 
tions of Esarhaddon (1891); A Translation of 
the Inscriptions of Sennacherib (1892); Outlines 
of the History of Early Babylonia (1895), and A 
History of Babylonia and Assyria (2 vols., 1900). 
ROGERS, Thomas J., representative, was born 
in Waterford, Ireland, in 1781. He was brought 
to Easton, Pa., by his parents when three years 


Lee: ‘‘ Eulogy on 
Rogers” by J. W. 


He died in Philadelphia, 


[533] 


ROGERS 


old, and later learned the printer’s trade, and 
edited a political newspaper. He was a Demo- 
cratic representative from Pennsylvania in the 
15th congress in place of John Ross, resigned, and 
served also in the 16th, 17th and 18th congresses, 
1818-24. Heresigned his seat in the 18th congress, 
April 26, 1824, having been appointed recorder 
of deeds for Northampton county, Pa., and was 
succeeded in congress by George Wolf of Easton. 
He was a trustee of Lafayette college, 1826-32 ; 
was commissioned brigadier-general in the state 
militia, and in 1831 was appointed U.S. naval 
officer in Philadelphia. He is the author of: A 
New American Biographical Dictionary: or Re- 
membrance of the Departed Heroes, Sages and 
Statesmen of America (1823; 2d ed., 1829). He 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 80, 1832. 

ROGERS, William, educator, was born in 
Newport, R.I., July 22,1751 ; second son of Capt. 
William and Sarah Rogers. He wasthe first stu- 
dent at Rhode Island college (Brown university) 
where he was graduated, A.B., 1769, A.M., 1772. 
He was principal of anacademy at Newport, R.I., 
in 1770; was ordained to the Baptist ministry in 
May, 1772, and was pastor of the First Baptist 
church, Philadelphia, Pa., 1772-75; battalion 
chaplain in the Continental army, 1776-78 ; brig- 
ade chaplain, 1778-81, and retired from the army 
in 1781. He engaged in preaching, 1781-89, and 
was professor of oratory and English literature 
at the University of Pennsylvania, 1789-1811. 
He was twice married; first to a daughter of 
William Gardner of Philadelphia, who died of 
yellow fever, Oct. 10,1793; and secondly, Jan. 15, 
1795, to Sunannah, daughter of Joseph Marsh of 
Philadelphia. He was vice-president of the Penn- 
sylvania Society for ,the Gradual Abolition of 
Slavery in 1790, and a member of the Maryland 
society in 1794; vice-president of the Philadel- 
phia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public 
Prisons in 1797; chaplain of the Philadelphia 
militia legion in 1805 ; senior chaplain of the New 
England society of Philadelphia in 1816; a rep- 
resentative in the state legislature, 1816-17, and 
vice-president of the Religious Historical society 
of Philadelphia in 1819. The honorary degree of 
A.M. was conferred on him by the University of 
Pennsylvania in 1773; by Yale college in 1780 
and by the College of New Jersey in 1786, and 
that of D.D. by the University of Pennsylvania 
in 1790. He was correspondent and editor of the 
Evangelical Magazine of London in 1802 and is 
the author of: A Circular Letter on, Justification 
(1785); An Introductory Prayer (1789); A Sermon 
on the Death of the Rev. Oliver Hart (1796); Intro- 
ductory Prayer Occasioned by the Death of Gen- 
eral Washington (1800, and a circular letter on 
Christian Missions. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., 
April 7, 1624. 


ROGERS 


ROGERS, William Augustus, astronomer, 
was born in Waterford, Conn., Nov. 18, 1832; son 
of David Potter and Mary Ann (Potter) Rogers ; 
grandson of David and Mary (Potter) Rogers and 
of George and Mary (Stillman) Potter, and a de- 
scendant of James Rogers. He was graduated 
from Brown university in 1857; was married, 
July 15, 1857, to Rebecca Jane Titsworth ; was a 
teacher at Alfred academy, 1857-58; professor 
of mathematics and astronomy there, 1858-70; 
studied theoretical and applied mechanics at the 
Sheffield Scientific school of Yale, 1866-67. and 


astronomy at Harvard university, where he served ~ 


as assistant for six months. During the civil war 
he served in the U.S. navy, 1864-65. He built 
and equipped the observatory at Alfred and was 
assistant at the Harvard observatory, 1870-77, and 
assistant professor of astronomy at Harvard, 
1877-86. In 1886 he was chosen professor of as- 
tronomy and physics at Colby university, Water- 
ville, Me. He made a special study of the con- 
struction of comparators for the determination 
of differences in length, which resulted in the 
construction of the Rogers-Bond universal com- 
parator. In 1880 he went abroad to obtain au- 
thorized copies of the English and French stand- 
ards of lengths which were used as the bases of 
comparison for the bars that he had constructed, 
and that were adopted as standards of length by 
all the important colleges, observatories and goy- 
ernment institutions. The honorary degree of 
A.M. was conferred on him by Yale in 1880; that 
that of Ph.D. by Alfred university in 1886 and 
that of LL.D. by Brown university in 1891. He 
was elected a fellow of the Royal society of Lon- 
don in 1880 and later becamean honorary fellow ; 


amember of the American Association for the 


Advancement of Science and its vice-president, 
1882-83, presiding over the section in mathematics 
and astronomy and in 1886 he was chosen presi- 
dent of the American Society of Microscopists. 
He is the author of: Annals of Harvard College 
Observatory (5 vols.), and Obscure Heat as an 
Agent in Producing Expansion in Metals under 
Air Contact (1894). He died in Waterville, Me., 
March 1, 1898. : 


ROGERS, William Barton, educator, was born 


in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 7, 1804; son of Patrick 


Kerr and Hannah (Blythe) Rogers ; grandson of - 


Robert and Sarah (Kerr) Rogers and of James 
and Bessie (Bell) Blythe; great-grandson of 


Robert Rogers of Edergole, Ireland, andof James_ 


Bell, a mathematical instrument-maker of Lon- 
donderry, England. 
1828) having published articles in the Dublin 
newspapers during the Irish Rebellion. hostile 
to the government, sailed for America to escape 
arrest, and arrived in Philadelphia, Pa., in Au- 
gust, 1798. He was graduated from the med- 


[584] 


5 ed 


Patrick Kerr Rogers (1776-_ 








































A ROGERS 


eal school of the University of Pennsylvania, 
02; practised in Philadelphia and Baltimore, 
nd was professor of natural philosophy and 
chemistry in William and Mary college, Virginia, 
is B19-28. William Barton Rogers removed with 
his parents to Balti- 
more, Md., in 1812, 
where he attended 
the common schools 
and was temporarily 
employed in a mer- 
cantile house; was 
graduated from Wil- 
liam and Mary, 1822, 
delivering an oration 
at the third ‘ Vir- 
giniad,” Jamestown, 
Va., in May, 1822; 
continued at the col- 
lege as acting profes- 
sor of mathematics 
andas a post-graduate 
student of the classics until October, 1825, and in 
the fall of 1826 opened a school at Windsor, Md., 
1his brother James. He delivered two courses 
of ] ectures before the Maryland institute at Balti- 
nore, 1827, and in October, 1828, succeeded to his 
{ ae *s professorship at William and Mary, hold- 
the position until 1835, when he was elected 
he chair of natural philosophy in the Univer- 
ity of Virginia, and also chairman of the faculty 
1844. In the latter capacity, he prepared a 
morial to the legislature of Virginia in the 
sence of the university and its annual appro- 
tion, and also the ‘‘ Report ” of the committee 
the house of delegates on schools and colleges 
cument No. 41, Session of 1844-45), a report 
e greatest interest and importance in the 
ry of American education. His admin- 
ion included the arduous period of ‘ riot- 
among the students, which was eventually 
ssed by the intervention of civil authority. 
rved as state geologist, 1835-42. He was 
dd, June 20, 1849, to Emma, daughter of 
Savage (q.v.) and Elizabeth (Stillman) 
icoln Savage of Boston, Mass. ; visited England 
Scotland, June-October, 1849; delivered a 
. of lectures on ‘‘ phases of the atmosphere,” 
re the Smithsonian Institution, 1852; re- 
ed from the University of Virginia in 1853, 
removed to his wife’s former home at 
y Hill,” Lunenburg, Mass. He delivered 
purse of lectures on the elementary laws of 
ic s before the Lowell Institute, 1856-57, and 
levoted much time to geological investiga- 
As early as 1846 he had conceived a def- 
2 idea for a polytechnic school in Boston, and 
as ember, 1860, he submitted to the Com- 
c f Associated Institutions of Science and 


‘serving a second time as president in 1876 ; 


ROGERS 


Art, of which he was chairman, the plan which 
later became the basis of the Massachusetts In- 
stitute of Technology. The organization was in- 
corporated, April 10, 1861, on condition that 
$100,000 be secured as a guarantee fund at the 
expiration of one year. Professor Rogers served 
as chairman of the ‘committee of twenty” 
appointed to frame a constitution and by-laws 
for the Institute, Jan. 11, 1861-April 8, 1862, 
and on April 19 was elected the first president 
of the Institute. Meanwhile he served also as 
state inspector of gas meters and gas, 1861-64, 
and delivered a second course of lectures before 
the Lowell Institute in 1862. In the year 1864 
he visited Europe for the purpose of collecting 
necessary machinery and apparatus for the 
school which was opened for the preliminary 
course, Feb. 20, 1865, and for regular courses, 
Oct. 2, 1865, with about seventy students and a 
faculty of ten members. In the same year the 
free evening lectures of the Lowell Institute 
were established in connection with the Institute 
of Technology. In addition to his duties as pres- 
ident Professor Rogers also held the chair of 
physics and geology until June 10, 1868. In 
December, 1868, he was granted leave of absence 
for one year on account of failing health, and re- 
moved to Philadelphia, Pa. His improvement 
not being assured, he resigned from the presi- 
dency of the Institute, May 3, 1870, and was 
succeeded by acting-president John D. Runkle 
(q.v.). In 1874, after residence in various pcre, 


ROGERS 
BUILDING 





he returned to Boston, Mass., and in 1878, upon 
the resignation of Dr. Runkle, again assumed the 
presidency of the Institute until Gen. Francis A. 
Walker (q.v.) was appointed his successor, May 
20, 1881. The honorary degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred upon him by Hampden Sidney college in 
1848, by William and Mary, 1857, and by Har- 
vard in 1866. He was chairman of the Associa- 
tion of American Geologists and Naturalists in 
1847 and in 1848 chairman and joint president, 
with W. C. Redfield, of its successor, the Ameri- 
can Association for the Advancement of Science, 
cor- 
responding secretary of the American Academy 
of Arts and Sciences, 1863-69 ; founder and first 


[535] 


ROGERS 


president of the American Association for the 
Promotion of Social Science, 1865 ; Massachusetts 
commissioner to the Paris exposition of 1867 ; 
president of the National Academy of Sciences, 
1878; elected a foreign member of the Geo- 
graphical Society of London and of the Royal 
Society of Northern Antiquaries in 1844, and was 
a corresponding member of the British Associa- 
tion for the Advancement of Science. In addi- 
tion to his many important addresses, his pub- 
lications include numerous scientific articles in 
the Farmers’ Register and Silliman’s Journal ; 
Reports for the ‘*Geology of the Virginias ” 
(1836-41); contributions to the Proceedings and 
Transactions of various learned societies, and 
documents relating to the Massachusetts Institute 
of Technology. His name was presented as 
eligible for a place in the Hall of Fame for Great 
Americans, New York university, and in the 
election of October, 1900, received five votes. In 
his complete bibliography see his ‘‘ Life and 
Letters,” edited by his wife (2 vols., 1896). Dr. 
Rogers and his brothers, James B. (q.v.), Henry 
D. (q.v.) and Robert E. (q.v.), all attained dis- 
tinction in science and were known as ‘the 
brothers Rogers.” William Barton Rogers died 
while delivering the diplomas to the graduating 
class at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
nology, Boston, Mass., May 30, 1882. 

ROGERS, William Oscar, educator, was born 
in New York city, April 12, 1825; sonof Andrew 
Yelverton and Jane (Phillips) Rogers; grandson 
of John and Martha Rogers and of Samuel and 
Lina (Corwin) Phillips. He was prepared for 
college at Collegiate Institute, Poughkeepsie, 
N.Y.; attended the University of the City of New 
York, 1845-47, and Williams college, 1847-48, 
but because of ill health was obliged to move 
south. He taught English literature in an 
academy in New Orleans, La., 1850-56, and was 
superintendent of public schools in New Orleans 
La., 1856-61. He was commissioned captain in 
the Confederate army in September, 1863, and 
was assigned to the commissary department 
which was stationed first at Jackson, Miss., then 
after its capture in Meridian, Miss., and for a 
short time at Demopolis, Ala. Acting under 
orders from the commissary general at Rich- 
mond, Va., his department surrendered with the 
post at Meridian, Miss., upon the close of the war. 
He was again superintendent of the New Orleans 
schools, 1856-84; was also president of the Syl- 
vester-Larned institute, 1870-75, and was director 
of public schools, 1884-97. He was married first, 
Nov. 24, 1858, to Mary Williams, daughter of 
John and Clarinda (Glasgow) Martin of New 
Orleans ; and secondly, Jan. 1, 1872, to Isabella, 
widow of Samuel Osgood of Norwich, Conn. 
He was one of the trustees designated by Paul 

[536] 


ROLFE ; 











































Tulane to establish Tulane university ; was secre- 
tary and treasurer of the university, 1884-1901,and — 
acting president from July, 1899, until October, " 
1900, when he resigned and removed to Madison, 
N.J. He was the editor and proprietor of the 
Louisiana Journal of Education, 1879-88, and in 
1884 received the degree of LL.D. from the Uni- 
versity of Ohio for services rendered in edu- 
cational work, One of the largest public schools 
in New Orleans was named the William O. Rog- 
ers school in his honor. 
ROHLES, Anna Katharine Green, author, was | 
born in Brooklyn, N.Y., Nov. 11, 1846 ; daughter ~ 
of James Wilson and Catherine Ann (Whitney) _ 
Green; grand-daughter of Richard and Sally 
(Webb) Green and of Sellick and Betsy (Knapp) __ 
Whitney, and a descendant of John Howlandand 
two other of the pilgrim fathers who came over 
in the Mayflower. Her father was a lawyer and 
an orator. She was graduated from the Ripley — 
Female college, Poultney, Vt., B.A., 1867, and 
devoted herself to literature. She was married, 
Nov. 25, 1884, to Charles Rohlfs of Brookiyn, 
N.Y., a well-known designer of odd and artistic 
furniture, and in 1903 they resided in Buffalo, 
N.Y. Besides contributions to periodicals, she is — 
the author of: The Leavenworth Case (1878) 3 
A Strange Disappearance (1879) ; The Sword of 
Damocles (1881); The Defence of the Bride and 
other Poems (1882); X. Y. Z. (1888) ; Hand and 
Ring (1888); The Mill Mystery (1886) ; Risifi’s — 
Daughter (1886) ; 7 to 12 (1887) ; Behind Closed 
Doors (1888) ; The Forsuken Inn (1890); Cynthia 
Wakeham’s Money (1892); Marked Personal 
(1898); The Doctor, his Wife and the Clock 
(1895); Dr. Izard (1895); That Affair Next Door 
(1897); Lost Man’s Lane (1898); Agatha Webb- 
(1899) ; The Cireular Study (1900); One of My 
Sons (1901); The Filigree Ball (1903). 
ROLFE, William James, editor and author, 
was born in Newburyport, Mass., Dec.'10, 18273 
son of John and Lydia Davis (Moulton) Rolfe 5 
grandson of Samuel and Mary (Tucker) Rolfe — 
and of William and Jane (Todd) Moulton, and a 
descendant (in the ninth generation) of Henry 


land, in 1635. 
Lowell, Mass., in 1835, where he attended the | 
public schools; and was a student at Amherst 
college, 1845-48, in 1871 being enrolled as a gradu- 
ate of the class of 1849. He was an instructor 
in Kirkwood academy, Md., in the winter of 
1848-49 ; principal of Day’s academy, Wrentham, 
Mass., 1849-52; master of the Dorchester high 
school, 1852-57, and subsequently of the high 
schools in Lawrence (1857-61), Salem (1861-62), 
and Cambridge, Mass.- (1862-68), resigning in 
order to give his entire attention to editorial and 


































ROLLINS 


literary work. He was associate editor of the 
Popular Science News, 1869-93, and edited the 
department of ‘* Shakespeariana” in the Literary 
World, 1881-89, and in the Critie (New York), 
1590-48, after which time he was one of the staff 
contributors to that 
journal, He was 
married, July 30, 
1856, to Eliza Jane, 
daughter of Joseph 
and Eleanor (Grif- 
fiths) Carew of Dor- 
chester, Mass., who 
died, March 19, 1900, 
, leaving three sons: 
John C. Rolfe, pro- 
fessor of Latin, Uni- 
versity of Pennsyl- 
vania; George W. 
Rolfe, instructor in 
Massachusetts Insti- 
ie of pees 





Birbridce, em The honorary degree of AM. 
conferred upon Mr. Rolfe by Harvard in 
9, and by Amherst in 1865, from which latter 
ege he also received the degree of Litt. D. in 
87. His publications include: Handbook of 
n Poetry, with J. H. Hanson (1865) ; Craik’s 
glish of Shakespeare” (1867) ; Cambridge 
‘ourse of Physics (with J. A. Gillet ; 6 vols., 1867— 
59); a complete edition of Shakespeare’s works 
(40 vols., 1870-83); Satchel Guide to Europe (re- 
fised yearly from 1872); Selections from the 
ns of Gray, Goldsmith, Milton, Wordsworth, 
Browning, Scott, Tennyson and Byron (16 vols., 
875-89) ; Mrs. Browning’s Sonnets from the Por- 
ese (1886); Tales of Chivalry, from Scott 
887); Tales from English History (1888); Ma- 
ulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome (with Dr. John Cc, 
Ife; 1888); Fairy Tales (1889); Tales from 
History (1891); Lamb’s Tales from 
speare (2 vols., 1892) ; complete edition of 
on (12 vols., 1895-98; also the ‘*Cam- 
ed. in one volume, 1899) ; Shakespeare 
; oy (1896); and contributions to literary, 
tional, and scientific periodicals. In 1900- 
pervised the ‘‘New Century” edition of 
eare (24 vols.), to which he contributed 
fe of Shakespeare, filling one volume. In 
3 he was engaged in a complete revision of 
own edition of Shakespeare. 
ROL LINS, Alice Wellington, author, was 
mn in Boston, Mass., June 12, 1847; daughter 
mbrose and Lucy (Kent) Wellington ; 
aughter of Benjamin Oliver and Mary 
ngs) Wellington and of William and Ca- 
rine (Hutchins) Kent; great granddaughter 
enjamin Wellington (born 1743), who was 


ROLLINS 


the first Lexington man to meet the British on 
their way to Concord and fought with his com- 
pany April 19, 1775; and a descendant of Roger 
Wellington, who came from England about 1630, 
and settled in Watertown in 1642, removing to 
Lexington in 1705. She received a good educa- 
tion at home and abroad: taught school in 
Boston for several years, and was jmarried, Jan. 
12, 1876, to Daniel Michael Rollins, a prominent 
New York merchant. She traveled abroad, re- 
sided in Brazil and devoted herself to literary 
work, She is the author of: The Ring of Ame- 
thyst (1878); The Story of a Raneh (1885); All 
Sorts of Children (1886) ; The Three Tetons (1887); 
Uncle Tom's Tenement (1888); From Palm to 
Glacier (1892) ; Dealing in Futures (1893); Apho- 
risms for the Year (1894) ; The Story of Azron 
(1895) ; Little Page Fern (1895); The Finding 
of the Gentian (1895); Unfamiliar Quotations 
(1895). She diedin Bronxville, N.Y., Dee. 5, 1897. 

ROLLINS, Edward Henry, senator, was born 
in Somersworth (Rollinsford), N.H., Oct. 3, 1824 ; 
son of Daniel and Mary (Plummer) Rollins; 
grandson of James and Lucy (Gerrish) Rollins 
and of Ebenezer and Mehitabel (Warren) Plum- 
mer, and a descendant of Ichabod Rollins, the 
patriot. He attended academies in Dover, N.H., 
and South Berwick, Maine. ; taught school, and 
engaged in business as a merchant. He 
married, Feb. 13, 1849, to Ellen, daughter of 
John and Nancy (Montgomery) West of Concord, 
Ni Eke He was a peer Ye in the state legis- 

55-57 , 1856-57 ; 
Ararat of tis eoubilaten state canada 
from its formation for several years; chairman 
of the state delegation to the Republican national 
convention in 1860; a Republican representative 
in the 37th-89th congresses, 1861-67 ; 
of the Union Pacific railroad company, 1869-71, 
and its treasurer, 1871-77; and U.S. senator, 
1877-83, serving as chairman of the committee 
on manufactures. He was founder of the First 
National bank, Concord, N.H., and was presi- 
dent of the Boston, Concord and Montreal rail- 
road company. He died in the Isle of Shoals, 
N.H., July 31, 1889. 

ROLLINS, Frank West, governor of New 
Hampshire, was bern in Concord, N.H., Feb. 24, 
1860; son of Edward Henry 
(q.v.) and Ellen (West) Rol- 
lins; grandson of James and 
Mary (Plummer) Rollins, and 
of John and Nancy (Mont- 
gomery) West, and a de- 
scendant of Ichabod Rollins, 
first probate judge of Straf- 
ford county, N.H. He was graduated from the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1881, and 
on Deo. 6, 1882, was married to Katherine W., 


was 


secretary 





[537] 


ROLLINS 


daughter of Francis E. Pecker of Concord. Heen- 
gaged in banking in Concord ; was a Republican 
state senator, 1895-97; president of the senate, 
1895-99, and was governor of New Hampshire, 
1899-1901. During his administration he inaugu- 
rated the Old Home Week custom, the governor 
appointing one week in the Autumn of each year 
to be set apart for the meeting and entertaining 
of the scattered families at the old homes. He is 
the author of : The Ring in the Cliff (1887); The 
Twin Hussars (1890) ; Break o’ Day Tales (1895) ; 
The Lady of the Violets (1898); Old Home Week 
Speeches (1900). 

ROLLINS, James Sidney, representative, was 
born in Richmond, Ky., April 19, 1812; son of 
Dr. Anthony Wayne and Sallie Harris (Rodes) 
Rollins; grandson of Henry Rollins, who emi- 
grated from county Tyrone, Ireland, to Pennsyl- 
vania previous to the Revolution, and of Judge 
Robert Rodes of Madison county, Ky. He was 
graduated at the University of Indiana, A.B., 
1830, and at Transylvania university, Kentucky, 
LL.B., 1834, and settled in the practice of law in 
Boone county, Mo., in 1884. He served on the 
staff of Gen. Richard Gentry during the Black 
Hawk war in 1832, and became editor of the Pa- 
triot, a Whig journal, at Columbia, Mo., in 1836. 
He was married, June 6, 1837, to Mary EK. Hick- 
man of Howland county, Mo. He represented 
Boone county in the state legislature, 1838-43 
and 1854-56 ; wasa delegate to the Whig national 
convention of 1844; served in the state senate, 
1846-50, where he opposed the extension of slavery, 
and was defeated as the Whig candidate for 
governor of Missouri in 1848 and in 1857, He 
was a member of the board of visitors for West 
Point in 1850, and a presidential elector in 1852. 
He was a Conservative Democratic representative 
from the ninth Missouri district in the 87th and 
38th congresses, July 4, 1861-March 38, 1865, in- 
troducing the bill that led to the construction of 
the Union Pacific, the Kansas Pacific, and the 
the Central Pacific railroads, and also voting for 
the adoption of the thirteenth amendment to the 














THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, 


constitution, although a large slave-holdey at the 


time. He was a representative in the Missouri 
legislature, 1866-68; a member of the Missouri 


[538] 


ROMEYN 





































senate, 1868-72; was a director of the Union 
Pacific railroad company, 1867-68 ; a member of 
the board of curators of University of Missouri, 
1847-49, and president of the board, 1869-86, and 
was declared the father of the university by this 
board in 1872. He received the honorary degree 
of LL.D. He died in Columbia, Mo., Jan. 9, 1888. 

ROMAN, Andrew Bienvenu, governor of Lou- 
isiana, was born in Opelousas, La., March 5, 1795, 
of Creole parentage. He was brought up on his 
father’s sugar plantation in St. James parish and _ 
was graduated at St. Mary's college, Baltimore, 
Md., 1815. In 1816 he purchased a sugar planta- 
tion in St. James parish. He was a representa- _ 
tive for St. James in the Louisiana legislature — 
for several years after 1818, and was speaker of — 
the house for four years. He was subsequently 
parish judge until 1830, and governor of the state, 
1831-35. As governor he was instrumental in the 
founding of Jefferson college, 
the clearing of the water 
courses of the state for navi- 
gation, the draining of || 
swamp lands and _ building 
levees, the incorporation of 
the New Orleans Chamber 
of Commerce, and the forma- 
tion of a state agricultural 





He was 


society: 
again governor of the state, 1838-41; a member ~- 
of the constitutional conventions of 1845 and 1852, 


and of the secession convention of 1861. He was 
one of the three provisional commissioners sent 
to Washington in 1861 to effect a peaceable sep- 
aration of the states; refused to take the oath of 
allegiance to protect his property when Louisiana 
fell into the hands of the Federal army, and after 
the war was recorder of deeds and mortgages in 
New Orleans. He died suddenly on Dumaine 
street, New Orleans, Jan. 26, 1866. 

ROMEYN, James, clergyman, was born in — 
Greenbush, N.Y., Sept. 80, 1797; son of the Rev. 
James Van Campen (1765-1840) and Susanna (Van 
Vranken) Romeyn grandson of the Rev. Thomas 
(1729-1794) and Susanna (Frelinguysen) Romeyn ; 
great-grandson of Nicholas Romeyn; great? 
grandson of John and Lammetje (Bougeart) 
Romeyn of Hackensack and great’-grandson of 
Claas Kuyper (Janse) and Christiantje (Terhune) 
Romeyn or Romaine, who came from Holland 
about 1658. He graduated from Columbia, A. 
1816 ; and entered the ministry of the Reformed 
Dutch church in 1819 ; preaching at Nassau, N.Y. 


1844-50 ; (emeritus, 1852), when he retired from the 
active ministry on account of ill health. In the 
pulpit he was very rapid but forceful of speech, 
reading from manuscript’ without the aid of 




































ROMEYN 


zlasses. Those manuscripts are now in existence 
and are most remarkable for being written so 
fine that it requiries the aid of a strong magnify- 
ing glass to decipher them. He was elected 
professor of rhetoric at Rutgers college, but 
declined; received 
from Columbia the 
honorary degree of 
S.T.D. in 1838, and 
was a trustee of Rut- 
gers, 1840-48. He 
was married to Jo- 
anna Bayard, daugh- 
ter of the Rev. John 
Rodgers, pastor of the 

First Presbyterian 
church, Wall street, 
New York, for twenty 
years; and grand- 
daughter of Col. John 
Bayard. He is the 
author of : The Crisis, 
ermon (1842); and Plea for the Evangelical 
ess (1843). (See ‘‘ A Manual of the Reformed 
D itch Church in America,” by Rev. E. I. Cor- 
vin, 1869. Published by the Board of Publica- 
ion, Reformed Church in America). He died at 
New Brunswick, N.J.. Sept. 7, 1859. 

ROMEYN, John Brodhead, clergyman, was 
yorn in Marbletown, Ulster county, N.Y., Nov. 8, 
777; son of the Rev. Theodoric (or Dirck) Romeyn 
j.v.). He was graduated from Columbia college 
n 1795; was licensed to preach in 1798, and was 

Dai tor of the Reformed Dutch church at Rhine- 
beck, N.Y., 1799-1803 ; of the Presbyterian church 
n Schenectady, N.Y., in 1803; of the First Pres- 
yterian church in Albany, 1804-08, and of the 
Street church, New York city, 1808-25. 
declined the presidency of Transylvania uni- 
sity and of Dickinson college ; was one of the 
nders and a director of the Princeton Theolo- 
seminary, 1812-25; a trustee of the College 
w Jersey, 1809-25; and was moderator of 
eneral assembly of the Presbyterian church 
The honorary degree of A.M. was con- 
on him by Union college in 1797, and that 
. by the College of New Jersey in 1809, 
is the author of occasional discourses which 
re collected and published (2 vols., 1816). He 
ed in New York city, Feb. 22, 1825. 

0 [EYN, Theodore Bayard, clergyman, was 
1 in Nassau, N.Y., Oct. 22, 1827; son of the 
, James (1797-1859) and Joanna Bayard (Rod- 
rs )Romeyn ; grandson of the Rev. James Van 
mpen (1765-1840) and Susanna (Van Vranken) 
1, and a descendant of Claas Janse, New 
isterdam. about 1653. He was graduated from 

ers college. A.B., 1846, A.M., 1849, and from 
w Brunswick, N.J., Theological seminary 


i, 


ee ae 


AA Ae A RT A A St 


Oo RS 5 em Te nn er = 


RONCKENDORFF 


in 1849. He married Amelia A. Letson, daughter 
of Johnson and Eliza Shaddle of New Brunswick. 
He was ordained to the ministry in 1850, and was 
pastor of Dutch Reformed churches in Blawen- 
burg and Hackensack, N.J., 1850-85. The hon- 
orary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by 
Rutgers in 1869. He is the author of : Historical 
Discourse on the Reopening and Dedication of the 
Ist Reformed church at Hackensack, 
ISGI (1870); 


N.J., May 2, 
Adaptation of the Reformed Church 
in America to American Character (1876): be- 
sides many sermons, addresses and articles in 
the religious press. He died in Hackensack, 
N.J., Aug. 29, 1885. 

ROMEYN, Theodoric (or Dirck), clergyman, 
was born in Hackensack, N.J., June 12, 1744; 
son of Nicholas, grandson of John, and great- 
grandson of Claas Kuyper (Janse) Romeyn, or 
Romaine, who emigrated from Rotterdam, Hol- 
land, 1653, and married Christiantje Terhune 
Dirck Romeyn. He was graduated from the Col- 
lege of New Jersey in 1765; studied theology at 
Queen’s college, and was ordained to the minis- 
try of the Reformed Dutch church in 1766. He 
was pastor of the Dutch churches at Hackensack 
and Schraalenburgh, N.J., from May, 1776, to 
about 1786, and in 1784 he declinéd the presi- 
dency of Rutgers college. He was one of the 
founders of Union college ; was a trustee, 1795- 
1803, and was professor of theology in the General 
Synod of the Reformed Dutch church, 1797-1804, 
He married Elizabeth Brodhead. He was con- 
sidered one of the most prominent American 
theologians, and was widely quoted. The honor- 
ary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Rut- 
gers and by the College of New Jersey in 1789. 
He died in Schenectady, N.Y.; April 16, 1804. 

RONCKENDORFF, William, naval officer, was 


born in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 9, 1812. He was 
warranted midshipman, Feb. 17, 1852; was pro- 
moted passed midshipman, June 23, 1838, and 


lieutenant, June 28, 1843. He was attached to 
the Brazil station, 1843-45, and in 1845 was made 
bearer of despatches to Commodore Robert F. 
Stockton, with whom he served on the Pacific 
coast during the Mexican war. He served off the 
African coast, suppressing the slave-trade, 1849- 
52; engaged against Paraguay in 1859, and on 
June 29, 1861, was promoted commander, attached 
to the Gulf squadron. In the spring of 1862, as 
commander of the San Jacinto, he was sent to 
Hampton Roads to attack the Merrimae, if neces- 
sary. Hesailed to Norfolk, took part in the attack 
on Sewell’s Point, and later did blockading duty 
on the North Carolina and Virginia coasts. In 
1863 he tracked the Alabama in the West Indies, 
and in May was given command of the flagship of 
the West Indian squadron. In 1865, in command 
of the ironclad Monadnock, he patrolled the 


[539] 


RONDEL 


James river. He was transferred to the monitor 
Tonawanda, later to the receiving ship at Phila- 
delphia, and Sept. 27, 1866, was promoted cap- 
tain. He was in charge of the ironclad fleet at 
New Orleans, 1870-73; commanded the Canan- 
daigua, 1873-75 ; was commissioned commodore, 
Sept. 12, 1874, and was retired, Nov. 9, 1874. He 
died in New York, Nov. 27, 1891. 

RONDEL, Frederic, painter, was born in Paris, 
France, in 1826. He studied painting with Au- 
guste Jugelet and Theodore Gudin ; came to the 
United States, and in 1857 exhibited at the Na- 
tional Academy of Design, of which he became 
an associate in 1860. He lived in Philadelphia, 
where he conducted a popularart school. Among 
his many works are: View from the Palisades, 
Opposite Hastings, and Tank Vessels at Point 
Breeze, Philadelphia, Penn. He died in New York 
City, Nov. 22, 1892. 

ROOD, Ogden Nicholas, physicist, was born in 
Danbury, Conn., Feb. 3, 1881; son of the Rev. 
Anson and Aleida Gouverneur (Ogden) Rood. 
He was graduated from the College of New Jer- 
sey, A.B., 1852, A.M., 1855; attended the Shef- 
field Scientific school, Yale, and the Universities 
of Munich and Berlin, 1854-58 ; was professor of 
chemistry and physics at Troy university, 1858- 
63, and was married in 1858, to Matilde Prunner 
of Munich, Germany. He was professor of 
physics at Columbia university, 1863-1902, and 
made many important scientific discoveries, in- 
cluding the application of stereoscopic photo- 
graphy to the microscope, the making of quantita- 
tive experiments on color-contrast, and the meas- 
urement of the duration of flashes of lightning. 
He was a member of the National Academy of 
Sciences, 1865-1902 ; a member of the American 
Philosophical society of Philadelphia; of the 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences of Bos- 
ton, and a vice-president of the American Associa- 
tion for the Advancement of Science in 1867. He 
is the author of: Modern Chromatics (1879). 
He died in New York city, Nov. 12, 1902. 

ROOKER, Frederick Zadok, R.C. prelate, was 
born in New York city, Sept. 19, 1861; son of 
Myron Holly and Margaret (Coleman) Rooker, 
and grandson of Zadok and Anne (Lanpher) 
Rooker, and of John and Mary (Morgan) Cole- 
man, The first of his paternal ancestors came to 
Connecticut from England in 1645. He attended 
Union college, 1880-83; studied at the Propa- 
ganda at Rome, Italy, and in 1888 was ordained 
priest in Rome. He was vice-rector of the Amer- 
ican College at Rome, 1889-94 ; was sent to Wash- 
ington as a member of the apostolic delegation in 
1894, and Jan. 1, 1895, was chosen secretary of 
the delegation. He received the honorary de- 
gree of D.D. from Union college in 1895, and that 
of Ph.D, and 8.T.D. from the Propaganda at 
Rome in 1885 and 1889 respectively. 


ROOP 


ROONEY, John Jerome, poet, was born in 
Binghamton, N.Y., March 19, 1866; son of John 
J. and Ellen T. (Shanahan) Rooney ; grandson of 
Michael and Anna (Greene) Rooney, and of John 
and Margaret (Donovan) Shanahan, who were 
among the early settlers of Susquehanna county, 
Pa., and Broome county, N.Y. ; all of Irish birth 
or descent. After the death of his father in 
1865, he removed with his family to Philadelphia, 
Pa.; in 1868 attended preparatory schools, and was 
graduated from Mt. St. Mary’s college, Emmits- 
burg, Md., at the head of his class, A.B. and 
A.M., 1884. He was a member of the city staff 
and a special article writer of the Philadel- 
phia Record, 1884-88; removed to New York 
city, and was member of a customs brokerage and 
forwarding house, 1889-95, and established an in- 
dependent firm in 1895 as Rooney & Spence. He 
studied law at the New York Law school, and 
was admitted to the New York bar, July 9, 1901, 


engaging chiefly in customs and revenue cases © 


and estate practice. He is the author of a volume 
of patriotic verse, containing the initial poem 
The Men Behind the Guns, the poem that gave 
currency to the phrase. This poem was published 
first in the New York Sun, in the beginning of 
the Spanish-American war. The volume also 
contains, Hobson of Santiago; Victor Blue ; Me- 
Elrath of Malate, and other verse (1898). He 
became a director of the Catholic Club of the 
City of New York, secretary of the Society of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and an officer in~ 


numerous literary, social and patriotic organiza- 


tions. 


ROOP, Hervin Ulysses, educator, was born in © 


Highspire, Pa., Nov. 16, 1868; sonof Henry Jack-— 


son and Justina Margaret (Backenstoe) Roop; _ 


grandson of Christian and Margaret Roop, and of 
Henry and Fannie Backenstoe, and great-grand- 
son of the Rev. Jacob Roop. He attended the 
Steelton, Pa., high school; was graduated from 
Lebanon Valley college in 1892, and took a post- 
graduate course at the University of Wooster, 
where he was graduated, Ph.D., 1895. He also 
studied philosophy and pedagogy for two years at 
the University of Pennsylvania and Cornell uni- 
versity. He was married, Aug. 26, 1897, to Emma 
May, daughter of Bishop Ezekiel Boring and Susie 
Jane Kephart of Baltimore, Md. He joined the— 
ministry of the United Brethren church in 1890; 
was a teacher of the State Normal school and 
Rittenhouse academy, 1892-96; was state super- 
intendent of the normal department of the Penn- 
sylvania State Sabbath School association, 1896- 
97, during which time he organized the training 
work for Sabbath-school teachers throughout the 
state, and in 1897 was elected president of Leba- 
non Valley college, Annville, Pa., and professor 
of philosophy. He is the author of frequent con- 
tributions to educational and religious journals. 


[540] 


* 
i) 











ROOSA 






































_ ROOSA, Daniel Bennett St. John, ophthal- 
mologist and otologist, was bornin Bethel, N.Y., 
A April 4, 1838; son of Charles Baker and Riielta 
Elmer (Foster) Roosa; grandson of John and 
T olly (Duryea) Roosa and of Jesse M. and Delia 
( es) Foster; and great-grandson of Lieut. 
Isaac A. Roosa, Capt. George Duryea, Captain 
Foster and General Heard, all officers in the Con- 
tinental army. He attended the district school ; 
studied under a private tutor and at the academies 
in Monticello, N.Y., and Honesdale, Pa., matricu- 
edat Yale college in 1856, but was obliged to 
leave on account of ill-health; studied under a 
tutor in Boston for one year, and was graduated 
from the Medical department of the University of 
the City of New York in 1860. He served in the 
New York hospital as junior walker, senior 
w ee, and house surgeon, 1860-61 ; volunteered 
s medical officer in 1861, and was appointed assist- 
ant surgeon of the 5th volunteer regiment, N.G.S. 
NY ., serving in the field four months. He 
studied in Berlin and Vienna, devoting himself 
especially to ophthalmology and otology, 1862-63, 
and in June of the latter year again served in the 
field as surgeon of the 12th N.Y. National Guards. 
He later practised medicine in New York city ; 
was professor of ophthalmology and otology in 
the University of the City of New York, 1863-82, 
and in the University of Vermont, 1875-76 and 
878-83. Upon the organization of the New York 
Post-Graduate Medical school and hospital in 
$82, he was elected president of the faculty and 
rofessor of ophthalmology and otology. He was 
i rica, May 8, 1862, to Mary Hoyt, daughter 
of Stephen M. and Elizabeth (Bowman) Blake of 
New York city, who died in 1878; and secondly, 
fuly, 1879, to Sarah E., former wife of Frank E. 
e and daughter of Eder Vreelland and Eliza- 
1 (Workam) Haughwout of New York city. 
received the honorary degree of A.M. from 
»in 1868; that of LL. D. from the University 
ermont, 1881, and was a member of the coun- 
f the University of the City of New York, 
8. He was president of the International 
gical society, 1876; of the New York State 
al society, 1879, and of other scientific 
tions; a founder of the Manhattan Eye 
ar hospital in 1869, and one of its surgeons. 
uslated from the German: ‘‘ Troltsch on 
r”’ (1863), and ‘‘ Stellwag on the Eye” (with 
yy and Bull, (1867); and is the author of: 
est-Pocket Medical Lexicon (1865 ; 2d ed., 
Treatise on the Ear (1866), translated into 
an, and published in Berlin; A Doctor’s 
stions (1880); The Old Hospital and Other 
(1886) ; On the Necessity of Wearing 
(1899) ; Treatise on the Eye, a Clinical 
(1891); and frequent contributions to 


ROOSEVELT 


ROOSEVELT, Edith Kermit, wife of Presi- 
dent Roosevelt, was born in Norwich, Conn., Aug. 
6, 1861; daughter of Charles and Gertrude Eliza- 
beth (Tyler) Carow ; granddaughter of Isaac and 
Eliza (Mowatt) Carow, and of Daniel and Emily 
(Lee) Tyler, and a descendant of Isaac Quereau 
and Judith Quentin (Huguenots) who emigrated 
from France after the revocation of the edict of 
Nantes, first to Holland and then to New York 
city, and of Job Tyler and Mary, his wife, who 
emigrated from Shropshire, England, 
mitted to the town of Newport, R. I. 
nial Records, Vol. 1., p. 92) and settled at Andover, 
Mass., 1639. She was educated in New York 
city, and was married Dec. 2, 1886, to Theodore 
Roosevelt. They made their home at Sagamore 
Hill, Oyster Bay, Long Island, N.Y. Following 
are the names of their children: Theodore, Jr., 
born Sept. 13, 1887; Kermit, born Oct. 10, 1889; 
Ethel Carow, born Aug. 10, 1891; Archibald Bul- 
loch, born April 9, 1894; Quentin, born Nov, 19, 
1897. On the accession of her husband to the 
Presidency she removed to the White House, 
where her social duties were made secondary to 
those of her household, and the home-life at Sag- 
amore Hill with its well ordered routine of study 
and recreation in which the whole family joined, 
was maintained. 

ROOSEVELT, James Henry, philanthropist, 
was born in New York city, Nov. 10, 1800; son of 
James Christopher and Catherine(Byvank) Roose- 
velt. He was graduated from Columbia college, 
A.B., 1819, A. M., 1822; and studied law, but 
never practised, owing to delicate health. He 

bequeathed $1,000,000 to found the hospital in 

New York city that bears his name. The build- 

ing, was opened, Noy. 2, 1871, and the fund had 

been so ably handled that $2,000,000 was avail- 
able for the purpose of the bequest. He died in 

New York city, Nov. 30, 1863. 

ROOSEVELT, James I., jurist, was born in 
New York city, Dec. 14, 1795; son of James (or 
Jacobus) J.,and Mary (Van Schaick) Roosevelt ; 
grandson of Jacobus and Armatje Bogard (or 
Bogert) Roosevelt ; great-grandson of Johannes 
and Heyltjes (Sjverts) Roosevelt; great-2grand- 
son of Nicholas and Heyltje Jans (Kunst) Roose- 
velt; and great-grandson of Klaas Martensen 
and Jannetje (Samuels or Thomas) Roosevelt, 
New Amsterdam, 1649. His father was a com- 
missary of New York troops in the American 
Revolution. He was graduated from Columbia 
college in 1815, and practised law in partnership 
with Peter Jay, 1818-30. He supported General 
Jackson for President in 1828, and resided in 
Paris, France, 1830-31. On his return to the 
United States, he was married, May 30, 1831, to 
Cornelia, daughter of Cornelius P. and Rhoda 
(Savage) Van Ness of New York city ; resumed 

[541] 


were ad- 
, 1638 (Colo- 


ROOSEVELT 


his law practice, and was a member of the state as- 
sembly in 1835 and 1839-40; a Democratic repre- 
sentative in the 27th congress, 1841-48 ; studied 
foreign law in England, Holland and France, 
and was justice of the supreme court of the state 
of New York, 1851-59. He was-U.S. district at- 


torney for southern New York, by appointment 


of President Buchanan, 1860-61, and served for a 
time as judge of the state court of appeals. He 
died in New York city, April 5, 1875. 

ROOSEVELT, Nicholas, inventor, was born in 
New York city, Dec. 27, 1767; son of Isaac Roose- 
velt ; grandson of Jacobus, and, through Johannes 
and Nicholas, great-grandson of Klass Marten- 
sen Roosevelt, 1649. He received a good edu- 
cation, and devoted himself to mechanics. In 
1783 he made the model of a paddle-wheel boat, 
which is said to have been the first on record. 
He engaged in manufacturing andinventing in 
New York city, and constructed an atmospheric 
machine for the Schuyler copper mines in New 
Jersey ; the engines for the Philadelphia water- 
works, and contracted to supply the government 
with copper, drawn and rolled, for six battle- 
ships. In 1797 he built the engines for a steam- 
boat, the motive-power having been planned by 
Robert R. Livingston, but the experiment failed ; 
and on Sept. 6, 1798, he invented a vertical wheel 
which was the basis of the combination that 
made steam navigation practicable. In 1802 
Robert Fulton and Livingston adopted Roose- 
velt’s vertical wheel, and a boat was launched in 
1802. He was married, Nov. 15, 1808, to Lydia, 
daughter of John Henry Latrobe of Washington, 
D.C. He became associated with Fulton in the 
introduction of steamboats in Western waters in 
1809, and in 1811 built and successfully navigated 
the New Orleans down the Ohio and Mississippi 
rivers. He retired to Skaneateles, N.Y., where 
he died, July 30, 1854. 

ROOSEVELT, Robert Barnwell, lawyer, was 
born in New York city, Aug. 17, 1829; son of 
Cornelius Van Schaick and Margaret (Barnhill) 
Roosevelt ; grandson of James (or Jacobus) I. 
and Mary (Van Schaick) Roosevelt, and a de- 
scendant of Klaas Martensen and Jannetje 
(Samuels or Thomas) Van Roosevelt who came to 
this country in August, 1649. He was admitted 
to the bar in 1850, and practised in New York till 
1871, when he retired. He wasthe organizer of 
the War Democracy in New York; president of 
the Loyal National league ; a contributor to the 
fund for fitting out the state militia for thirty 
days’ service, and accompanied the state militia 
to Washington to help defend the national 
capital. He was president of the New York As- 
sociation for the Protection of Game and of the 
International association to unify the game laws 
on the American continent. He presented a bill 


[542] 


ROOSEVELT 
















































to the state legislature for the creation of a fish- | 
ery commission, and on its establishment in 1867 
became an active member, serving for many years 
as its president, which office he resigned in 1888, 
He entered politics on the organization of the 
Citizens’ association to oppose the Tweed ring, 
spoke at the meeting that founded the committee 
of seventy, and was chairman of its executive 
committee that elected Mayor Havemeyer and 
destroyed the ring. He was vice-president of the 
teform club; and with Charles S$, Halpine, es- 
tablished and edited the New York Citizen, which 
he continued to edit for some time after Mr. 
Halpine’s death. He was a Democratic repre-_ 
sentative in the 42d congress, 1871-73, where he 
was the author of the bill originating the U.S. 
fish commission. He was U.S. minister to the 
Netherlands, 1888-90; treasurer of the Democra- 
tic national committee, 1892, and a member of 
the board of aldermen of New York city. He 
was one of the founders of the Union League 
club, then a non-partisan body ; a commissioner 
of the Brooklyn bridge ; president of the Sons of 
the American Revolution, and a member of the 
American Association for the Advancement of 
Science. He was chairman of the commission 
formed for the protection of the soldiers during 
the war with Spain, 1898; of the commission to 
aid the Boers in their war with Great Britain in 
1899-1901 ; a member of the committee to receive 
the Duke Alexis, of the committee to celebrate — 
the Columbus Centennial, of the Dewey recep-— 
tion committee, and of various other public com-_ 
mittees. He was married first, in October, 1850, 
to Elizabeth, daughter of John F. Ellis of New | 
York city, and secondly, Aug. 18, 1888, to Marion 
T. Fortescue, widowed daughter of John O'Shea, 
Nenagh, Ireland. He is the author «of: Game — 
Fish of North America (1862); Game Birds of 
America (1866); Superior Fishing (1865); Florida — 
and the Game Water Birds (1868); Five Acres — 
Too Much (1869); Progressive Petticoats (1871); 
fish Hatehing and Fish Catching ; Love and 
Luck, an Idyl of the Great South Bay of Long 
Island, and numerous contributions to periodical 
literature. 
ROOSEVELT, Theodore, twenty-sixth Presi-_ 
dent of the United States, was bornin New York 
city, Oct. 27, 1858; son of Theodore (1831-1878) _ 
and Martha (Bulloch) Roosevelt, grandson of 
Cornelius Van Schaack and Margaret (Barnhill) 


John and Mary (Van Schaack) Roosevelt,anda 
descendant in a direct line from Claes Martens- 


1651. He attended for a short time the Me- 
Mullen school, New York city, but was so frail 
in health that he was unable to continue, and — 







PLAS) i hem aa 2 


a 





Thaotve Sov evel 









ROOSEVELT 


was then placed under private instructors at 
his home. He was tutored for college by Mr. 
Cutler, subsequently the founder of the Cutler 
school, and was graduated from Harvard in 1880. 
He was married Sepp 23, 1880, to Alice, daughter 
of George Cabot and 
Caroline (Haskell) 
Lee of Boston, Mass. 
She died in 1883, leay- 
ing one daughter, 
Alice Lee. He be- 
came a student in 
the New York Law 
school; was a Repub- 
lican member of the 
New York assembly, 
1882, 1883 and 1884; 
was candidate of his 
party for speaker of 
the assembly in 1884 ; 
y chairman of the 
cic Ree committee on cities 
and of a special committee known as the Roose- 
velt investigating committee. As a supporter 
of the civil service reform, he introduced bills 
which became laws affecting the government 
of New York city and especially the patron- 
age exercised by the sheriff, county clerk and 
register, which greatly reformed the conduct 
of their respective offices. He was a delegate to 
the Republican state convention of 1884; dele- 
gate-at-large from New York and chairman of 
the New York delegation to the Republican 
national convention that met at Chicago, June 
3, 1884; purchased the Elk Horn and the Chimney 
Butte ranches at Medora on the Little Missouri 
river in North Dakota, where he lived, 1884-86. 
He was a member of the New York state militia, 
1884-88, serving in the 8th regiment, N.G.S.N.Y., 

s lieutenant, and for three years as captain. 
He was married secondly, Dec. 2, 1886, to Edith 
Kermit, daughter of Charles and Gertrude Eliza- 
beth (Tyler) Carow of New York city. He was 
the unsuccessful Republican candidate for mayor 
f New York city in 1886, when Abram S. Hewitt 
s elected ; was in May, 1889, appointed on the 
U.S. civil service commission in Washington, 
., by President Harrison and served as presi- 
of the commission. He was continued in 
fice by President Cleveland, but resigned in 
fay, 1895, to accept the position of police com- 
issioner of New York city in the administration 
f Mayor Strong, and he was president of the 
i-partisan board, 1895-97. He was appointed 
tant secretary of the U.S. navy in April, 
, by President McKinley, and on the declara 






























to recruit the ist U.S.V. cavalry, a regi- 
it of ‘‘ Rough Riders” made up mostly of his 


ROOSEVELT 


acquaintances on the Western Plains, including 
cowboys and miners, with some members of the 
college athletic clubs of New York and Boston— 
men who could ride, shoot and live in the open. 
He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, May 6, 
1898, and was promoted to the rank of colonel 
after the battle of La Quassina, San Juan, when 
Col. Leonard Wood was promoted brigadier- 
general and assigned to the governorship of 
Santiago. When the war closed, the Republican 
party of his native state nominated him their 
candidate for governor and he was elected over 
Van Wyck, Democrat, Kline, Prohibitionist, Han- 
ford, Social Labor, and Bacon, Citizen’s ticket, 
by a plurality of 17,786 votes in a total vote of 
1,343,968. He served as governor of New York, 
1899-1900. His administration as governor was 
conspicuous in his thorough work in reforming 
the canal boards ; instituting an improved system 
of civil service, including the adoption of the 
merit system in county offices, and in calling an 
extra session of the legislature to secure the 
passage of a bill he had recommended at the 
general session, taking as real estate the value of 
railroads and other franchises to use public streets, 


‘in spite of the protests of corporations and Re- 


publican leaders. He was nominated Vice- 
President ef the United States by the Republican 
national convention that met at Philadelphia, 
June, 1900, where he was forced by the demands 
of the western delegates to accept the nomina- 
tion with William McKinley for President, and 
he was elected Nov. 6, 1900. He was sworn into 
office as the twenty-sixth President of the United 
States, Sept. 14, 1901, by reason of the assassina- 
tion of President McKinley, Roosevelt being at 
the time less than forty-three years old, the 
youngest man in the history of the United States 
to have attained the chief magistracy of the gov- 
ernment. In assuming the presidency, he re- 
appointed the entire cabinet of President Mc- 
Kinley as it existed at the time of his death, and 
he announced that it should be his purpose to 
carry out absolutely unbroken the political policy 
worked out by his predecessor. The cabinet with 
the changes during his administration, was as 
follows ; John Hay of the District of Columbia, 
secretary of state; Lyman J. of Illinois, 
secretary of the treasury, who resigned in 1902, 
and was succeeded by Leslie M. Shaw of Iowa; 
Elihu Root of New York, secretary of 
Ethan A. Hitchcock of Missouri, secretary of the 
interior; John D. Long of Massachusetts, secre- 
tary of the navy, who resigned in 1902 and was 
succeeded by William H. Moody of Massachu- 
setts; James Wilson of Iowa, secretary of agri- 
culture ; Charles Emory Smith of Pennsylvania, 
postmaster-general, who resigned in 1902 and was 
succeeded by Henry C. Payne of Wisconsin ; 


Gage 


war ; 


[543] 


ROOSEVELT 


Philander C. Knox of Pennsylvania as attorney- 
general, and George Bruce Cortelyou of New 
York (former secretary to the President) secre- 
tary of commerce and agriculture, an executive 
department newly created by congress in Feb- 
ruary, 1903, Mr. Cortelyou taking the oath of 
office on February 18. The diplomatic represen- 
tatives continued from McKinley’s administra- 
tion were: Joseph H. Choate of New York, U.S. 
ambassador to Great Britain; Horace Porter of 
New York, U.S. ambassador to France; Robert 
S. McCormick of Illinois, U.S. minister to 
Austria until Jan. 8, 1903, when he was trans- 
ferred as U.S. ambassador to Russia; Charle- 
magne Tower of Philadelphia, U.S., ambassador 
to Russia, transferred Jan. 8, 1903, to Germany ; 
Andrew D. White of New York, U.S. ambassador 
to Germany, who resigned December, 1902; 
George von L. Meyer of Massachusetts, U.S. 
ambassador to Italy, and Bellamy Storer of Ohio, 
U.S. minister to Spain, transferred December, 
1902 to Austria as U.S. ambassador and being 
succeeded at Madrid, Spain, by Arthur Sherburne 
Hardy, late U.S. envoy to Switzerland. A 
vacancy occurred on the bench of the U.S. 
supreme court by the resignation of Associate 
Justice Horace Gray, and on Aug. 11, 1902, 
President Roosevelt appointed Oliver Wendell 
Holmes of Massachusetts, associate justice, and 
on the resignation of Associate Justice George 
Shiras, Jr., in 1903, he appointed Judge William 
R. Day of the U.S. circuit court, associate justice. 
His first message to congress followed the line of 
policy foreshadowed in McKinley’s last speech at 
Buffalo, and as President, he made extended 
journeys through the various states, the welcome 
extended to him being alike generous and uni- 
versal in New England and in the Southern 
states. It is safe to say that no President who 
had reached the office through the Vice-Presi- 
deney began his administration under better 
auspices or with less of partisan opposition and 
criticism. His recommendations were acknow- 
ledged to be wise and conservative and while 
congress did not adopt them all, it gave to each 
careful consideration. His action in reference to 
the coal strike of 1902 restored order and secured 
a return of the miners to their work, and at the 
same time made the working men feel that their 
cause had not suffered from his counsel. In the 
complications arising from the Venezuela diffi- 
culties in 1902-03, he maintained the Monroe 
doctrine in all negotiations with the European 
powers interested, and was honored by the gov- 
ernment of Venezuela in being named as an ac- 
ceptable arbitrator, which duty he gracefully 
avoided by proposing the Hague tribunal as the 
proper means for arriving at a peaceful solution. 
Later when the European powers involved ob- 


ROOSEVELT 


jected to appearing before the Hague court, they 
unanimously suggested the President of the 
United States asa more satisfactory arbitrator, 
a position which he declined, and U.S. Consul 
Bowen arranged the term of settlement. When 
the United States senate failed to act upon the 
treaties providing for an Isthmian canal and to 
secure reciprocity with Cuba, President Roosevelt 
called an extraordinary session of the senate, 
and the treaties were ratified, March 5, 1903. 
He enjoyed high social, literary and academic 
distinction before he became President, having 
been elected a member of the Columbia Histori- 


cal society to which he contributed papers on the 
Dutch colonies of New Amsterdam ; the National — 


Geographic society; the Union League club 
and the Century association of New York city; 
the Anthropological society of Washington, the 


American Museuin of Natural History of which — 


he was a trustee, as he was of the State Charities 


Association, and of the Newsboys’ Lodging House 


of which his father was the organizer and a 
liberal patron. He organized in 1887 and was the 
first president of the Boone and Crockett club, 
whose objects are the hunting of big game, ex-— 
ploration, and preservation of game and forests, — 
holding the office until 1896. He instituted, Feb. 


2, 1899, and was the first commander, of the Naval — 


and Military Order of the Spanish-American 


War; and became a member of the Rough Riders’ — 
association, organized in Cuba before the dis- — 


bandment of the 1st Regiment, U.S. Volunteers 
Cavalry, and of the National Association ofSpan-— 


ish-American War Veterans, incorporated Dec. — 
He was made an honorary member of | 


14, 1899. 
the Union League club of Chicago in 1902, and of © 
the Alpine club of London. He received. the 
honorary degree of LL.D. from Columbia in 1899, 
from Yale in October, 1901, and from Harvard in — 
1902, having been elected a member of the Har- 
vard University board of overseers in 1895. He 
is the author of: History of the Naval War of 
1812 (1882); Hunting Trips of a Ranchman 
(1885) ; Life of Thomas H. Benton (1886) and 
Life of Gouverneur Morris (1887) in the ** Amer- 
ican Statesmen Series”; Ranch Life and the 
Hunting Trail (1888); Essays on Practical 
Politics (1888) ; The Winning of the West—The 
Founding of the Alleghany Commonwealths, 
1784-90 (Vol. I. and II., 1889) ; History of Me 
York City (1890) ; The Wilderness Hunter (1893) ; 
‘‘The Boone and Crockett Club Series” edited 
by Mr. Roosevelt and George Bird Grinnell: 
American Big Game Hunting (1893) ; Hunting in 
Many Lands (1895) and The Trail and Camp Fire 
(1896); Hero Tales from American History, 14 
tales by Theodore Roosevelt and 12 by Henry 
Cabot Lodge (1895) ; The Winning of the West 
—Louisiana and the North West (Vols. TI. and 
4 


[544] 


= 











ROOT 









































IV., 1893-96) ; American Ideals (1897) ; The Rough 
Riders (1899); Oliver Cromwell (1900); The 
St enuous Life (1900), and The Deer Family of 
which he was part author (1902). 

- ROOT, Eleazer, educator, was born in Canaan, 
N.Y., March 6, 1802; son of Dr. Eleazer Root, 
He was graduated from Williams college, A.B. 
1821, A.M., 1824; was tutor at Williams, 1822; 
studied ate at Hudson, N.Y., was admitted to 
the bar, 1824, and practised in Hudson until 1830, 
when he removed to Virginia for his health. He 
was professor of languages at Hampden Sidney 
college, Va., for a short time, established and for 
several years conducted a private seminary, and 
in 1845 removed to Waukesha, Wis., where he 
founded Carroll college (chartered Jan. 31, 1846) 
an d was its president and professor of Latin and 
ind Greek, 1846-48. He was a delegate from 
Waukesha to the second state constitutional con- 
vention of 1847-48, where he advocated public 
ools and drew up Article X. (on Education) of 
the constitution as adopted, providing for a state 
superintendent of public instruction, the estab- 
‘ishment and maintenance of public schools, and 
the establishment of a state university. He was 
arter member of the board of regents of the 
versity of Wisconsin, 1848-53, serving as first 
sident pro tempore of the board, 1848-50 ; was 
first state superintendent of public instruc- 
, 1849-52, a member of the state assembly, 
, superintendent of schools in Fond du Lac 
anty, 1852-53, and then removed to western 
as and was | at aaa of languages i in Guada- 


Beiortly before the civil war. He was one of 
founders and promoters of the Wisconsin 
orical society ; was for a time a resident of 
. Louis, Mo. (about 1871); took orders in the 

stant Episcopal church, and served as 

Eent Trinity church, St. Augustine, Fla., 
He died in St. Augustine, July 25, 1887. 
was born in 


2; 
Whitney (Buttrick) Root, and brother of 
oot (q.v.). He attended the common 
$s; was graduated from Hamilton college in 
- assisted his brother Oren, who was principal 
2 academy at Rome, N.Y., in 1865; was 
from the law department of the Uni- 
of the City of New York in 1867; was ad- 
d tothe bar, and practised in New York 
, first in partnership with John H. Strahan 
er with Judge Willard Bartlett. He was 
ae 8, lag to Clara, daughter of Salem 


Hoan county aii, 1886-87, and 


ROOT 


delegate at large to the state constitutional con- 
vention of 1894, being chairman of its judici iary 
committee. He was employed as counsel for 
William M. Tweed on the exposure of the 


or 


“Tweed 


ring” frauds; for Judge Hilton in the Stewart 
will cases, and for 


the Sugar trust and 
various political liti- 
gations. He was ap- 
pointed secretary of 
war by President Mc- 
Kinley, Aug. 1, 1899, 
as successor to Rus- 
sell A. Alger, and was 
re-appointed, March 
5, 1901, being con- 
tinued in the office 
by President Roose- 
velt. Hewas made a 
member of the execu- 
tive committee of the 
Carnegie Institution, 
Washington, D.C.,in 1902. The honorary degree 
of LL.D. was conferred on him by Hamilton col- 
lege in 1894, and by Yale in 1900. 
ROOT, Erastus, representative, was born in 
Hebron, Conn., March 16, 1773. He was grad- 
uated from Dartmouth college in 1793; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1796, and settled in practice 
in Delhi, N.Y. He was a member of the state as- 
sembly, 1798-1802, and many terms subsequently 5 
a Democratic representative in the 8th, 11th, i4th 
and 22d congresses, 1803-05, 1809-11, 1815-17 and 
1831-33 ; state senator, 1812-15; a member of the 
state assembly, 1818-22 and 1830; lieutenant- 
governor of the state, 1823-25, and again state 
senator, 1841-45. The honorary degree of A.M. 
was conferred on him by Union college in 1823, 
He is the author of: Addresses to the People 
(1824). He died suddenly in New York city, 
when en route for Washington, Dec. 24, 1846. 
ROOT, George Frederick, composer, was born 
in Sheffield, Berkshire county, Mass., Aug. 30, 
1820; son of Frederick Ferdinand and Sarah 
(Flint) Root, and grandson of Azariah Root and 
of Col. Daniel Flint. In 1836 he was left with 
the entire management of his father’s farm and 
family. Having learned to play several musical 
instruments, he soon after went to Boston, where 
he obtained employment with A. N. Johnson, a 
prominent musician, who gave him lessons on 
the piano and in voice culture. He became suc- 
cessful as a music teacher; removed in 1844 to 
New York city, where he taught in a school 
founded by Jacob Abbott (q.v.); and was mar- 
ried in 1845 to Mary Olive Woodman. He went 
to Paris in 1850, studied singing under Alary and 
began his career as a composer. He originated 
the Normal musical institutes and was a member 





[545] 


ROOT 


of the faculty at the New York meeting in 1872. 
He is the author of many songs which attained 
great popularity, including: Hazel Dell (1853); 
Rosalie, the Prairie Flower (1855); The First Guin 
is Fired, May God Protect the Right (1861); Bat- 
tle Cry of Freedom (1861); Just Before the Battle, 
Mother (1863); The Vacant Chair ; Tramp, Tramp, 
Tramp, the Boys are Marching (1864); The Old 
Folks are Gone; A Hundred Years Ago ; Old Poto- 
mae Shore, and There’s Musicin the Air. Among 
his cantatas are: The Flower Queen ; Daniel, and 
The Haymakers ; and healso wrote many Sunday- 
school songs including: The Shining Shore ; 
Jewels; Ring the Bells of Heaven; Knocking, 
Knocking, Who is There? He published: The 
Young Ladies’ Choir, and the Academy Vocalist, 
and is the author of : The Story of a Musical Life. 
He died at Bailey’s Island, Maine, Aug. 6, 1895. 

ROOT, Jesse, delegate, was born in Coventry, 
Conn., Dec. 28, 1787 (or January, 17387?); son of 
Ebenezer and Sarah (Strong) Root, and grandson 
of Thomas Root of Northampton. He was gradu- 
ated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 1756, 
A.M., 1759, studied theology with Dr. Samuel 
Lockwood of Andover, and preached for two or 
three years, leaving the ministry for financial 
reasons. He was married in 1758 to Mary Banks 
of Newark, N.J. He was admitted to the bar in 
1763 and established himself in practice at Hart- 
ford, Conn. In 1775 he by his individual notes 
aided to secure funds for the expedition against 
Ticonderoga. In 1776 he organized a company of 
volunteers at Hartford, receiving commission as 
captain dated December 31 ; was made leutenant- 
colonel, shortly after joined Washington’s army 
at Peekskill, N.Y., and was subsequently made 
adjutant-general. He was a delegate to the Con- 
tinental congress, 1778-83; a representative in 
the state legislature; state attorney, 1785-89; 
judge of the superior court in 1789 and chief jus- 
tice of Connecticut, 1796-1807. He delivered the 
address of welcome when Washington visited 
Hartford in 1790. He was a member of the 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of 
the Connecticut academy. The honorary degree 
of A.M. was conferred on him by Yale college in 
1766. He is the author of: Reports of Cases, Ad- 
judged in the Courts of Errors of Connecticut 
(2 vols., 1798-1802). He died in Coventry, Conn., 
March 29, 1822. 

ROOT, Joseph Moseley, representative, was 
born at Brutus, Cayuga county, N.Y., Oct. 7, 
1807; son of Edward and Sally (Cole) Root, 
grandson of Joseph and Typhena (Moseley) Root, 
and a descendant of John Roote, who emigrated 
from Badby, Northamptonshire, England, in 1640, 
and was one of the first settlers of Farmington. 
He studied law at Auburn, N.Y., in 1829 was ad- 
mitted to the bar, and removed to Norwalk, Ohio. 


ROOT 


On June 22, 1885, he married Mary Smyser, 
daughter of John and Sarah (Ebert) Buckingham 
of Norwalk. He became prosecuting attorney of 
Huron county, and in 1840-42 was state senator, 
He was a Whig representative from Ohio in the 
29th, 80th, and 3lst congresses, 1845-51, serving 
as chairman of the committees on the post-office 
and on expenditures in the treasury department. 
His course as a member of the 29th congress was 
signalized by uniform and unrelenting opposition 
to the Mexican war. He was one of the number 
known as ‘‘the immortal fourteen” who voted 
against the declaratory act of the 13th and against 
supplies to carry on the war. In the struggle for 
the organization of the territories in congress, in 
the winter of 1848 Mr. Root bore a prominent 
part. He offered the resolution of Dec. 138, 1848, 
excluding slavery from the proposed states of 
New Mexico and California, which was passed by 
a vote of 108 to 80. Because of the pro-slavery 
tendencies of the Whig party, he left that party 
and became a Free Soiler, and was one of the 
leading advocates of the principles of the party 
in Ohio. Subsequently he became a Republican 
and was a presidential elector on the Lincoln 
and Hamlin ticket in 1861, and a delegate to the 
Philadelphia Loyalists’ convention in 1866. Mr. 
Root removed to Sandusky, Ohio, in 1849 and 
died there April 7, 1879. 

ROOT, Oren, educator, was born in Syracuse, 
N.Y., May 18, 1838; son of Oren and Nancy 
Whitney (Buttrick) Root; grandson of Elihu 


and Achsa (Pomeroy) Root, and of Horatio Gates — 


and Mary (Barnard) Buttrick, and a descendant 
of Capt. James Root of Great Barrington, Mass., 
and of Major John Buttrick of Concord, Mass. 
Oren Root, Sr. (1803-1885), graduate of Hamil- 
ton, 1838 (LL.D., University of Rochester, 1865), 
was professor of mathematics, astronomy, min- 
eralogy and geology, 1849-81. Oren Root, Jr., 
was graduated from Hamilton in 1856; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1858, and practised in Mil- 
waukee, Wis., 1858-59. He was married, first, 
Dec. 2, 1862, to Anna Julia, daughter of John 
Higgins of Waterford, N.Y.; she died in Sep- 


tember, 1865 ; secondly in May, 1867, to Ida Cecile, 


daughter of John B. Gordon; she died in Sep- 
tember, 1896; and thirdly, December 16, 1901, to 
Anna, daughter of Chief-Justice R. D. Kay of 
Carrollton, Mo. 


sident of Pritchett college, Glasgow, Mo., 1873- 
76; entered the ministry of the Presbyterian 
church, 1874; changed to that of the Dutch Re- 
formed church in 1890; became professor of 
mathematics at Hamilton college in 1880, and 
was pastor at Utica, N.Y., 1890-94. He received 
the honorary degree of D.D. from Rutgers col-— 
lege in 1891, and that of LL.D. from Union col- 


[546] 


He was professor of English in _ 
the State University of Missouri, 1866-71; pre-— 





ROPES 













































lege in 1895. He was co-editor of The Columbian 
eeewer (1874); TheFranklin Speaker (1875), and 
The Hamilton Declamation Quarterly (1895); and 
s the author of: Brief Elementary Trigonometry 
(1899). 
ROPES, John Codman, author, was born in 
St. Petersburg, Russia, April 28, 1836; son of 
Villiam and Mary Anne (Codman) Ropes. His 
father was a Boston merchant, temporarily living 
in St. Petersburg, and afterward in London, 
1837-42. He studied at Chauncy Hall, Boston; 
was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1857, and 
LL.B, 1861; and on Noy, 28, 1861, began practice 
n Boston. He made five tours of Europe be- 
tween 1870 and 1884, collecting materials for his 
ife of Napoleon, and delivered a course of seven 
lectures upon ‘* Bonaparte and his Empire ” before 
the Lowell Institute in 1885. He was elected a 
member of the Union club of Boston in 1864, 
serving successively as its director, treasurer and 
y ce-president ; was made a companion of the 
third class of the Loyal Legion of the United 
States ; was president of the Bristow club of 
Boston in 1876; a member of the board of visitors 
to the U.S. Military academy, 1878; was elected 
a member of the Massachusetts Historical so- 
ciety, 1880, and a fellow of the Royal Historical 
society of London in 1888. He was also the 
founder of the Military Historical Society of 
fassachusetts. He received the honorary degree 
of LL.D. from Harvard in 1897, and was an over- 
seer, 1868-76. He edited, with John C. Gray, the 
American Law Review, 1866-70, and is the author 
of : Likenesses to Julius Cesar (1877); The Army y 
Under Pope, in ‘‘ Campaigns of the Civil War” 
(1881); Campaign of Waterloo (1893 ; 8d ed., 1894), 
an nd A Story of the Civil War (Part I. 1894; Part 
II., 1899). He bequeathed to the Tahoe y His- 
torical Society of Massachusetts his collection of 
memorabilia of the Napoleonic régime. He died 
in Boston, Mass., Oct. 28, 1899. 
RORER, Sarah Tyson (Heston), educator and 
vuthor, was born in Richboro, Pa., Oct. 18, 1849 ; 
ghter of Charles Tyson and Elizabeth (Sagers) 
on; granddaughter of William Penn Heston, 
a descendant of Col. Edward Heston of 
tonville, Philadelphia. She was graduated 
East Aurora, N.Y., academy in 1869, and 
bruary, 1871, was poaccied to William Albert 
er of Philadelphia, Pa. She made a special 
udy of domestic science and became well known 
a writer on cookery and kindred subjects. 
She was principal of the Philadelphia School of 
nestic Science, 1881-92; editor and partial 
er of Table Talk, 1886-92; editor and half 
of Household News, 1893-97, and director 
State Fair Domestic Science school, Spring- 
eld, Ill., 1899. In 1897 she accepted a position 
ithe staff of the Ladies’ Home Journal. Her 


. 


ROSE 


published books, which reached a wide circula- 
tion, include: Mrs. Rorer’s Cook Book (1886); 
Home Candy Making (1888); Canning and Pre- 
serving (1888); Hot Weather Dishes (1889); Sand- 
wiches (1896); Colonial Cookery (1896) ; How to 
Use a Chafing Dish (1896); New Salads (1897); 
Made Overs (1899); Bread and Bread Making 
(1900) ; Good Cooking (1901); A Book on Diet 
and Cookery (1902). 

ROSATI, Joseph, R.C. bishop, was born at 
Sora, Naples, Italy, Jan. 12, 1789; sonof John and 
Vienna (Soresi) Rosati. He joined the Lazarist 
order ; attended the seminary at Monte Citorio, 
Rome, and was ordained, Feb. 10, 1811, at Rome. 
He studied English, and accepted a call from 
Bishop Dubourg of New Orleans, to come to 
the United States, sailing from Bordeaux, France, 
June 13, 1816, and arriving at Baltimore, Md., 
July 26, 1816. He preached in Louisville, Ky., 
1816-17 ; St. Louis, Mo., 1817-18, and removed to 
the Barrens, Perry county, Mo., in 1818, where 
he erected a building and founded a Lazarist 
college in 1819, being chosen its first superior 
and professor of logic and theology. The name 
of the college was changed to St. Mary’s. He 
was superior of the Lazarists in the United 
States, 1820-30, and was consecrated bishop co- 
adjutor of New Orleans, at Ascension parish, 
by Bishop Dubourg, assisted by Bishops Sibourd 
and Sedalla. He refused the bishopric of New 
Orleans, March 14, 1826, and accepted the ap- 
pointment of bishop of the newly erected see of 
St. Louis, March 20, 1827. He was administrator 
of Louisiana, 1826-29; co-operated with the 
Jesuits in the establishment of St. Louis univer- 
sity, and built a cathedral at St. Louis, which 
was consecrated in October, 1834. He was a 
member of the first four provincial councils of 
Baltimore ; went to Rome in 1840, and was ap- 
pointed apostolic delegate to Hayti to reorganize 
the Haytian church. He died in Rome, Italy, 
Sept. 25, 1843. 

ROSE, Chauncey, plilanthropist, 
in Wethersfield, Conn., Dec. 24, 1794. In 1817 he 
settled in Terre Haute, Ind., which became his 
permanent home, with the exception of the 
years 1819-25, which he spent in Park county, 
Ind., engaged in milling. By his successful mer- 
cantile interests in Terre Haute and by land in- 
vestments he became a man of wealth and influ- 
ence, organizing the Terre Haute and Indiana- 
polis railroad company. All of his New York 
charities grew out of an act of justice, which 
he considered due from him to his brother John, 
a cotton broker of New York, who had left a 
fortune of $900,000. This fortune, in danger of 
being diverted, was rescued by Mr. Rose after 
six years of litigation, the estate having then 
increased to $1,600,000, and was distributed 


was born 


[547] 


ROSECRANS 


among eighty-two of the charitable organiza- 
tions of New York city, each of which received 
an amount ranging from $300 to $220,000. He also 
presented his native town of Wethersfield with 
$12,000 for the endowment of an academy. Mr. 
. Rose was especially interested in the promotion 
of education, and his personal charities include : 
$8,000 to the Indiana State Normal school, for a 
library ; $60,000 for the endowment of two pro- 
fessorships in Wabash university, and $450,000 
to establish and endow an industrial school in 
Terre Haute, which was 
founded in 1874, and in 1875 
named in his honor the Rese 
Polytechnic institute, Mr. 
W Rose serving as_ president 
of its board of managers 
until his death. By the 
terms of his will this insti- 
tution was named as his residuary legatee. He 
died in Terre Haute, Ind., Aug. 18, 1877. 

ROSECRANS, Sylvester Horton, R. C. bishop, 
was born at Homer, Licking county, Ohio, Feb. 
5, 1827; son of Crandall and Johanna Rosecrans, 
and brother of Gen. William Starke Rosecrans, 
He matriculated at Kenyon college in the class 
of 1847, but having embraced the Roman Catholic 
faith he left the college in 1845 to enter St. John’s 
college, Fordham, where he was graduated in 
1846. He then went to Rome and was graduated 
from the Propaganda with the degree of D. D., 
Sep. 4, 1851, and in the distribution of awards 
on that day, he took premiums for sacred scrip- 
ture, dogmatic theology, ecclesiastical history 
and Gregorian music. He was ordained, July 16, 
1852, at Rome, by the Cardinal Vicar, and returned 
to the United States. He was assistant pastor at 
St. Peter’s cathedral, Cincinnati, 1852-59, and pro- 
fessor at Mt. St. Mary’s Seminary of the West and 
at St. Gregory’s preparatory seminary at Cedar 
Point, 1859-62. He was elected titular bishop of 
‘*Pompeiopolis” and auxiliary bishop of Cin- 
cinnati, and was consecrated March 25, 1862, by 
Archbishop Purcell, assisted by Bishops Spauld- 
ing and Luers. He was translated to the see of 
Columbus, on its establishment in 1868, becoming 
its first bishop, March 3, 1868. He edited the 
Catholic Telegraph for several years, and during 
his bishoporic St. Mary’s of the Spring academy, 
connected with the Convent and Mother’s House 
of the Dominican sisters at Shepard, Franklin 
county, Ohio, was founded ; St. Aloysius acad- 
emy,New Lexington, was erected,and St. Joseph’s 
cathedral was begun, being consecrated on the 
day before he died. He died at Columbus, Ohio, 
Oct. 21, 1878. 

ROSECRANS, William Starke, soldier, was 
born in Kingston, Ross county, Ohio, Sept. 6, 
1819; son of Crandall and Johanna Rosecrans. 





ROSECRANS 


The family came from Amsterdam, Holland, and 
settled in Wilkes Barre, Pa., the name being orig- 
inally spelled Rosenkrantz. Crandall Rosecrans 
settled in Licking county, Ohio, and was a Metho- 
dist. William was graduated from the U. 8. Mil- 
itary academy in 1842 and was assigned to the 
engineer corps. He was converted to the Roman 
Catholic faith while at West Point, and addressed 
a letter to his brother Sylvester Horton Rose- 
crans (q. v.) then a student in Kenyon college, 
which determined his change of faith. Lieuten- 
ant Rosecrans served as assistant engineer in 
the construction of the fortifications at Hampton 
Roads, Va., 1842-43 ; was promoted 2d lieutenant, 
April 8, 1848, and 
served as assistant 
professor of engineer- 
ing at the U.S. Mil- 
itary academy, 1843- 
44 and 1845-47; as 
principal assistant 
professor, 1846-47,and 
as assistant professor 
of natural and exper- 
imental philosophy, 
1844-45. He superin- 
tended the repairs of 
HortecsA dams ae hele. 
1847-53,made surveys 
of the Taunton river 
and New Bedfordhar- 
bor, Mass., 1852-53 ; superintended the improve- 
ment of Providence Harbor, R.1., and the repairs 
of Goat Island light-house, Newport, R.I., 1852-53, 
and of Washington navy yard, D.C., 1853-54. He 
was promoted 1st lieutenant, March 38,1853, and re- 
signed his commission, April 1, 1854. He entered 
civil life as a civil engineer and architect at Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, in 1854 ; was superintendent of the 
Cannel Coal company, Coal River, Va., 1855-57 ; 
president of the Coal River Navigation company, 
Va., 1856-57, and engaged in the manufacture of 
kerosene oil at Cincinnati, Ohio, 1857-61. He 





organized and drilled the home guard depart-_ 


ment of the Ohio as volunteer aide-de-camp to 
Major-General McClellan, April-June, 1861 ; was 


promoted colonel of staff and chief engineer, 


June 9, 1861, and laid out Camp Dennison, near 
Cincinnati. 
Ohio volunteers, June 10, 1861, and was in com- 
mand of Camp Chase, June 10-20, 1861. He was 


- 


He was appointed colonel of the 23d _ 


appointed brigadier-general, U.S.V., May 16, 1861, — 


and on June 23, 1861, entered western Virginia 


in command of one of the three brigades under 
McClellan. 
at Rich Mountain, July ‘11, 1861, and on July 22, 
1861, succeeded McClellan as ranking officer in 
the Western Virginia campaign and in November, 
1871, the Department of Western Virginia was 


[548] 


He captured General Pegram’s camp — 








| 























































: ROSECRANS 

fo med and he was regularly assigned to the 
command. He marched from Clarksburg against 
F loyd in September, 1861, and this march led to 
the combat of Carnifex Ferry, Sept. 10, 1861, and 
tl e driving of Floyd from the district after mak- 
nga slight resistance at Gauley Bridge, Noy. 1, 
1861. He was promoted major-general. U.S.V.. 
March 21, 1862, and on June 11, 1862, succeeded 
yeneral Pope to the command of the Army of the 
Mississippi. He was in command of the Union 
forces in the battle of Iuka, Miss., Sept. 19, 1862, 
and after the battle he was put in command of 
ths district of West Tennessee, with headquarters 
at Corinth, Sept. 26, 1662, General Grant remov- 
ing his headquarters to Jackson, Tenn. He for- 
tified and successfully defended Corinth from 
the assault by General Van Dorn, Sept. 8-4, 1862, 
driving the Confederates back to Ripley, the 
cavalry pursuing the retreating army for 60 miles, 
when he was ordered back to Corinth by General 
Grant in spite of his protests and assurances that 
he could press the enemy, then thoroughly de- 
noralized, and capture Vicksburg. The Confed- 
e loss was 1425 officers and men killed and 
for the Federal officers to bury; probably 
) wounded, 2268 prisoners captured ; 3800 
nds of smallarms; 14 stands of colors; 2 pieces 
artillery anda large quantity of equipments. 
Rosecrans’s loss was 355 killed, 1841 wounded and 
captured or missing. He succeeded General 
ll in command of the department of the 
mberland, Oct. 20 1862, and after securing a 
t horough reorganization of the Army of the Cum- 
berland (Fourteenth Army Corps), on Dec. 26, 
1862, he began his march toward Nashville, where 
he expected to give battle to Gen. Braxton Bragg, 
en at Murfreesboro on Stone’s River. The battle 
one’s River, Dec. 31, 1862—Jan. 3, 1863, fol- 
, in which the Confederate loss in killed 
ounded was 9000 while Rosecrans lost about 
ual number; but the field was held by the 


als, Bragg falling back to Tullahoma. In 


retary Stanton favored the appointment 
crans to the command of that army, but 
sident thought it injudicious to put an- 
estern man in command, and Hooker was 
ited. Rosecrans claimed that by holding 
army entrenched at its camp before Mur- 
oro he strengthened Grant at Vicksburg, 
was not till June 24, 1863, when news from 
burg indicated the speedy fall of that place, 
Rosecrans moved on Bragg’s entrenched 
,and on July 4, he had possession of the 
andon July 7, Bragg was in full retreat 
Cumberland mountains to Chattanooga. 
s skilfully manceuvered the Confederate 
ith of the Tennessee river and through 


army. 


ROSENTHAL 


and beyond Chattanooga. Here instead of en- 
trenching, he kept up the pursuit while Bragg 
was being re-enforced from Mississippi, and by 
Lusnivetrest from the Army of Northern Virginia. 
Rosecrans, in time, had to fall back, and a battle 
was fought on Sept. 19-20, 1863, when he was 
badly defeated, abandoning Lookout Mountain 
and Missionary Ridge and falling back on Chat- 
tanooga Sept. 21, 1863, which place he began to 
fortify. His loss in killed, wounded and missing 
was 16,179 against 17,804, by the Confederate 
He was superseded by General Thomas 
Oct. 23, 1863, and was awaiting orders Oct. 1863- 
June, 1864. He was given command of the De- 
partment of the Missouri, Jan. 28, 1864, with 
headquarters at St. Louis, Mo., and on Dec. 9. 
1864, he was relieved of his command without 
explanation, and was on leave of absence, 1865-67, 
He was brevetted major-general, U.S. army, 
March 13, 1865, for gallant and distinguished 
services at the battle of Stone’s River, Tenn., and 
was mustered out of the volunteer service, Jan. 
15, 1866. He resigned lis commission March 28, 
1867, and was appointed U.S. minister to Mexico 
July 27, 1868, and from 1869 to 1881 he engaged 
in railway and industrial enterprises in Mexico. 
He was elected president of the San José Mining 
company in 1871; president of the Safety Powder 
company of San Francisco in 1878, and was a 
Democratic representative in the 47th and 48th 
congresses, 1881-85, serving as chairman of the 
committee on military affairs. He was register of 
the U.S. treasury, 1885-93, and in February, 1889, 
was restored to the rank and pay of brigadier- 
general, U.S.A. and placed on the retired list. He 
is the author of Battle of Corinth in * Battles and 
Leaders of the Civil war,” (Vol. II. pp. 787-57). 
He died at Rosecrans, twelve miles from Los 
Angeles, Cal., March 11, 1898, and his body was 
conveyed to the Arlington National Cemetery, 
Washington, D.C., for interment. 
ROSENTHAL, Max, teacher and engraver, was 
born in Turek, Russian Poland, Noy. 23, 1833. 
He studied lthography, drawing and painting 


under Thurwanger in Paris, France, 1847-49; 
came to Philadelphia, Pa., in the latter year, 


where he continued his studies, and subsequently 
established himself as a lithographer and por- 
trait-painter, making the plates for ‘‘ Wild Scenes 
and Wild Horses,” the first book illustrated en- 
tirely by chromo-lithography in the United 
States. Hewas married, Nov. 2, 1858, to Caroline, 
daughter of Abraham Rosenthal. During the 
civil war he accompanied the Army of the Poto- 
mac as artist, reproducing nearly every encamp- 
ment, and was afterward engaged in book illus- 
trating until 1884, when he took up etching and 
the production of mezzo-tints, principally of 
the ,portraits of famous Americans, those of 


[549] 


ROSS 


Daniel Webster and Benjamin Franklin being 
the largest and most important. Among his art 
works are illustrations for several of Longfellow’s 
poems; Storm Approaches (1884), after a paint- 
ing by Henry Mosler; a copy of La Riwe, after 
an etching from Meissonier’s painting; the orig- 
inal etchings, Doris, the Shepherd’s Maiden (1885), 
and Marguerite (1886), and etchings of the exte- 
rior and of the high altar of the Catholic cathe- 
dral, New York city (1887). He also added ten 
engravings of unengraved portraits of Washing- 
ton to Washingtona, and in 1903 was completing 
a large mezzo-tinto of Washington from the paint- 
ing by Trumbull in the city hall at Charleston, 
S.C. 

ROSS, Clinton, author, was born in Bingham- 
ton, N.Y., July 31, 1861; son of Erastus and Cor- 
nelia (Corbett) Ross; grandson of Alfred and 
Elizabeth (Drake) Ross, and of Cooper and Cor- 
nelia (Bayless) Corbett, and a descendant of the 
Corbetts of Warwickshire, England, and the 
Rosses of Scotland. He prepared for college at 
Phillips Andover academy, and was graduated 
from Yale in 1884, after which he travelled ex- 
tensively. In 1892 and 1895 he passed some 
months on the reportorial staff of the New York 
Evening Sun, but later devoted himself exclu- 
sively to the study of literature and the drama. 
He is the author of: The Silent Workman (1886) ; 
The Speculator (1888); The Adventures of Three 
Worthies (1891); Improbable Tales (1892); Two 
Soldiers and a Politician (1892); The Countess 
Bettina (1895); The Scarlet Coat (1896); The Pup- 
pet (1896); Chalmette (1897); The Meddling Hussy 
(1896); A Trooper of the Empress (1898); Zuleka 
(1898); Heroes of Our War with Spain (1898); 
Battle Tales (1898); Men, Women and Comedies 
(1903); The Tale of Many Gods (1903), and numer- 
ous magazine articles. 

ROSS, Edmund Gibson, senator, was born in 
Ashland, Ohio, Dec. 7, 1826; son of Sylvester F. 
and Cynthia (Rice) Ross. He was apprenticed to 
the trade of a printer at Huron, Ohio, in the 
summer of 1888, and removed to Milwaukee, 
Wis., in 1847, where he was employed as fore- 
man of the Milwaukee Sentinel job printing 
rooms, 1852-56. He removed to Kansas in 1856 ; 
was a soldier in the Free State army in the contro- 
versy that then opened, and was amember of the 
state constitutional convention in 1859. He 
edited the Kansas Tribune at Topeka, 1856-61, at 
that time the only Free State organ in the 
territory, all other Free State papers having been 
destroyed. In 1862 he joined the Federal army 
as a private, was made captain of a company, and 
in 1863 was promoted major. He was appointed 
U.S. senator from Kansas to fill the vacancy 
caused by the death of James H. Lane, July 285, 
1866, was elected at the succeeding winter 


ROSS 


session of the state legislature, and. served till 
March 4, 1871. 
President Johnson in the impeachment trial, 
May 16, 1868, and this, as he fully foresaw at the 
time, cost him political ostracism. He was the 
defeated Democratic candidate for governor of 
Kansas in 1880, and in 1882 removed to Albu- 
querque, New Mexico, where he engaged in the 
newspaper business. He was appointed by Pres- 
ident Cleveland governor of the territory, sery- 
ing, 1885-89, and in the latter year he returned 
to Albuquerque where he was still residing in 1903. 

ROSS, Edward Alsworth, political economist 
and sociologist, was born in Virden, Ill., Dec. 12, 


1866 ; son of William Carpenter and Rachel (Als- 


worth) Ross; grandson of Carpenter Ross. He 
was graduated from Coe college, Cedar Rapids, 
Iowa, in 1886; was a student at the University of 
Berlin, 1888-89, and at Johns Hopkins university, 
in the department of history, politics and econ- 
omics, 1890-91, and took the degree of Ph.D. at 
Johns Hopkins in 1891. He was married, June 
16, 1892, to Rosamond Comstock, daughter of 


Francis Simons of Washington, D.C. He was 


professor of economics and social science at In- 
diana university, 1891-92 ; associate professor of 
political economy and finance at Cornell univer- 
versity, 1892-93; professor of economic theory 
and finance at Leland Stanford Junior university, 
1893-97, and professor of sociology, 1897-1900. 
In November, 1900, his public expressions on cer- 
tain sociological questions not meeting the ap- 
proval of Mrs. Stanford, he was requested to re- 
sign. He was appointed lecturer on sociology in 
the University of Nebraska in January, 1901, and 
professor of sociology in April. 
pointed lecturer on sociology in Harvard univer- 
sity for the year 1901-02. During 1892-93 he was 
secretary of the American Economic association, 
and in 1900 he was chosen associate of the Insti- 
tut International de Sociologie. He was madean 
advisory editor of the American Journal of Soci- 
ology. He is the author of a monograph, Sinking 
Funds (1892); a brochure, Honest Dollars (1896); 
a volume, Social Control (1901), and numerous 


contributions to the Political Science Quarterly, 
the Quarterly Journal of Economics, the Annals — 


of the American Academy, the American Journal 
of Sociology, and other periodicals. 
ROSS, George, signer, was bornin New Castle, 


Del., in 1780; son of the Rey. George and Cath-— 
erine (Van Gezel) Ross, and grandson of David — 


Ross of Scotland. His father (1679-1754) was 


He voted for the acquittal of 


He was also ap- 











graduated from the University of Edinbargh in ~ 
1700, and studied theology there, but joined the 


Church of England, and emigrating to America 


in 1703 settled in New Castle, Del., becoming — 


pastor of the church there and at Chester, Del. 
George was admitted to the bar in 1751, and set- 


[550] 


@ ‘ 


e* 


- ROSS 


















































led in practice at Lancaster, Pa. He was amem- 
er of the Pennsylvania assembly, 1768-70, and 
ared a declaration of rights after the dissolu- 
of the Proprietary government. He was a 
lelegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental 
ongress, 1774-77 ; was the last man of the Penn- 
ylvania delegation to sign the Declaration of 
ependence, and ably contributed toward the 
nee of the colonies against the British. The 
of £150 was voted by Lancaster county as a 
imony of their appreciation of his services in 
he Continental congress, but he refused the gift. 
He was judge of the court of admiralty for Penn- 
J lvania from April 14, 1779, until his death. He 
s the author of areport urging vigorous action in 
he prosecution of the defence of Philadelphia. 
He died in Lancaster, Pa., July 16, 1779. 

ROSS, Jack Ferrill, pioneer financier, was 
orn in Franklin county, N.C., Oct. 29, 1791; son 
the Hon. John (1754-1815) and Temperance 
ferrill) (1760-1823) Ross. He attended the Uni- 
sity of North Carolina, and on May 20, 1818, 
ted as third lieutenant in the 3d infantry ; 
promoted second lieutenant in February, 
, and first lieutenant in July, 1814; saw active 
vice under General Jackson, and was sent to 
Mobile in 1814 to pay off the troops. He was re- 
fine in 1815 as third lieutenant of light artil- 
ery, U.S.A., but resigned about April 15, 1817. 
He was married, Feb. 11, 1817, to Anne Amelia, 
aughter of Col. George Fisher of Rowan county, 
. who settled in southern Alabama. He re- 
oved to Alabama, and engaged as a mer- 
ant in St. Stephens. He was the first  ter- 
ial and state treasurer of Alabama, 1818-22, 
was succeeded by John C. Perry ; was one of 
1corporators of the state bank at St. Ste- 
3, Feb. 13, 1818, the second established in 
te, and was one of the superintendents 
ing stock subscriptions under the state 
ng act of Dec. 21, 1820. He owned large 
ions in Clarke and Greene counties; re- 
to Mobile, Ala., in 1824; was sheriff of 
county ; a representative in the Alabama 
ure, 1826-27 and 1835. and state senator in 
e died in Mobile, Ala., Oct. 12, 1837. 

, James, senator, was ate in York 
, Pa., July 12, 1762. He attended the “ log 
” of the Rev. John McMillan, at Chartiers, 
taught Latin there, 1782-84; was ad- 
to the bar in 1784, and established himself 
ice at Washington, Pa. He was a mem- 
he state constitutional convention in 1789; 
elected to fili a vacancy in the U.S. senate 
April, 1794, the election of Albert Gallatin 
een declared void, Feb. 28, 1794, and took 
April 24, 1794. He was re-elected in 
served till March 3. 1803. During the 
insurrection in 1794, he calmed the agi- 


ROSS 


tation of an excited gathering of citizens at 
Washington, Pa., in a powerful speech, and by 
his personal appeals organized a party opposed 
to the insurrection. He was appointed by Presi- 
dent Washington the chief of a commission to 
consult with the insurrectionists, and succeeded 
in ending the troubles. He was Washington's 
counsel, and later became attorney in fact for 
the management of his large estates in western 
Pennsylvania. He was nominated in 1799 by the 
Federalists for governor of the state, but was 
defeated by Thomas McKean, anti-Federalist. 
He was consul for a party of negro refugees, who 
had escaped from their masters and fled to Phila- 
delphia, and although he won the case, his con- 
nection with it diminished his popularity and he 
was again defeated for governor in 1808. He 
died in Allegheny, Pa., Nov. 27, 1847. 

ROSS, John, representative, was born in Sole- 
bury, Bucks county, Pa., Feb. 24, 1770; son of 
Thomas and Jane (Chapman) Ross, and grandson 
of Thomas and Kesiah (Williamson) Ross. His 
grandfather, a prominent Quaker preacher, was 
born in 1708 in county Tyrone, Ireland, his an- 
cestors having been Scotch. In 1728, with his 
sister Elizabeth, he came to America and settled 
on a tract of 200 acres in Solebury Township, 
conveyed to him by the Penns, In 1784, in com- 
pany with other Friends, he sailed for England 
on a religious mission, and died at the home of 
Lindley Murray, the grammarian, at Holdgate, 
near York, in 1786. John Ross was married, Noy. 
19, 1795, to Mary Jenkins of Jenkintown, 
was not a Quaker, and for this was disowned by 
the Society of Friends. It was Mary (Jenkins) 
Ross who presented the flag to General “ ashing- 
ton at Philadelphia in 1777. John Ross studied 
law with his cousin, Thomas Ross of Westchester, 
was admitted to the bar in 1792 and settled in 
practice in Easton, Pa. He was elected to the 
legislature, 1800; was defeated by Gen. Robert 
Brown (q.v.) for representative congress in 1816; 
and was elected to the 11th, 14th and 15th con- 
gresses, serving 1809-11 and 1815-18, and resign- 
ing, Feb. 14, 1818, to become president-judge of 
the seventh judicial district. In 1830 he was 
transferred to the bench of the supreme court, 
where he served until his death. He had nine 
children : all of his sons were educated at Prince- 
ton, one of them, Thomas (Princeton 1825) being 
a representative from Pennsylvania in the 31st 
and 32d congresses, 1849-53. One of Judge Ross's 
daughters, Camilla A., married Peter Thrie (q.v.). 
Judge Ross died in Easton, Pa., Jan. 31, 1834. 

ROSS, Jonathan, senator, was born in Water- 
ford, Vt., April 30, 1826; son of Royal and Eliza 
(Mason) Ross; grandson of Jonathan and Lucy 
(Stoddard) Ross, and of the Rev. Reuben and 
Polly (Hibbard) Mason ; great- grandson of Roger 


who 


[551] 


ROSS 


Ross of Templeton, Mass., reputed to have been 
a Scotchman, and a descendant of Sampson 
Mason. Jonathan Ross was born on the farm 


cleared by his parental grandfather, and worked 
on the farm till 1847. 


He attended the St. Johns- 
bury academy, and 
was graduated from 
Dartmouth college in 
1851. He was mar- 
ried, Nov. 22, 1852, to 
Eliza Ann, daughter 
of Isaiah and Caro- 
line (Bugbee) Carpen- 
ter of Waterford, Vt., 
who died, Jan. 15, 
1886; and secondly, 
July 4, 1887, to Helen 
Augusta Daggett. 
He was principal of 
Chelsea and Crafts- 
bury academies, Vt., 
1851-56 ; was ad- 
mitted to the bar in January, 1856, and _ prac- 
tised in St. Johnsbury, 1856-70. He was state 
attorney for Caledonia county, 1862-63 ; a rep- 
resentative in the state legislature, 1865-67 ; state 
senator in 1870, and a member of the state board 
of education, 1866-70. He was judge of the 
supreme court of Vermont, 1870-90; chief jus- 
tice, 1890-99 ; and was appointed U.S. senator by 
Governor Edward C. Smith, Jan. 11, 1899, and 
served in the vacancy caused by the death of 
Justin S. Morrill until Oct. 18, 1900, when Wil- 
liam Paul Dillingham was elected to complete 
the term. He was made chairman of the state 
railroad commission of Vermont, Dec. 1, 1900. 
The honorary degree cf LL.D. was conferred on 
him by Dartmouth in 1885. 

ROSS, Lawrence Sullivan, governor of Texas, 
was born in Bentonsport, lowa, Sept. 27, 1888 ; 
son of Capt. Shapley Prince and Katharine (Falk- 
erson) Ross; grandson of Shapley and Mary 
(Prince) Ross; great-grandson of Lawrence and 
Susan (Oldham) Ross, and 
a descendant of Lawrence 
Ross, born in Scotland, who 
in his boyhood removed to 
Virginia with his father, 
attended school, and was 
wounded and captured from 
the schoolhouse by the In- 
dians with whom he lived until twenty-three years 
old. He afterwards married Susan, daughter of 
Gen. William Oldham. Lawrence 8. Ross re- 
moved with his parents to Texas in 1839, attended 
Baylor university, and was graduated from Wes- 
leyan university, Florence, Ala., in 1859. He 
raised a company of 135 Indians and whites, and 
enlisted under Capt. Earl Van Dorn in the expedi- 








ROSS 


tion against the Comanche Indians in 1858, dis- 
tinguishing himself at the battle of Wichita. He 
was commissioned major of state militia and 
commanded the Texas Frontier battalion in later 
fights with the Comanches. He married,May 28, 
1861, Lizzie, daughterof David R. and Sarah Ann 
(Holt) Tinsley of Waco, Tex. In 1861 he enlisted 
as a private in the Confederate army ; was pro- 
moted major of the 6th Texas cavalry in Septem- 
ber, 1861, and colonel in May, 1862. He was pro- 
moted brigadier-general in 1863 for his skill in 
covering the retreat of Gen. Earl Van Dorn from 
Corinth, Miss. ; commanded a brigade, Wheeler’s 
cavalry, Army of Tennessee, and later was in 
command of the Texas cavalry, Army of the 
West. After the war he returned to Texas and 
engaged in farming. He was sheriff of McLen- 
nan county in 1875; a member of the state con- 
stitutional convention in 1875; state senator in 
1881-86, and governor of Texas, succeeding John 
Ireland, 1887-91. During his term of office the 
new state capitol was completed in May, 1888. 
He was president of the Agricultural and Me- 
chanical college of Texas, 1891-98. He died in 
College Station, Tex., Jan. 4, 1898. 

ROSS, Leonard Fulton, soldier, was born in 
Lewiston, Ill., July 18, 1823; son of Ossian M. 
and Mary (Winans) Ross; _ brother 
Winans Ross (q.v.). He attended Illinois col- 
lege, 1841-42, was admitted to the bar in 1844, 
and Nov. 13, 1845, was married to Catherine M., 
daughter of Reuben C. and Frances (Graves) 
Simms of Virginia. On July 18, 1846, he exlisted 
as a private in the 4th Illinois volunteers, for 
service in the war with Mexico, was commis- 
sioned first-lieutenant, September, 1846, and com- 
manded his company at Vera Cruz and Cerro 
Gordo, He was probate justice of Fulton county, 
Ill., in 1847, clerk of Fulton county in 1849, and 
in 1861 recruited a company for the civil war. 
He was commissioned colonel of the 17th Illinois 
volunteers, was engaged at Fredericktown, Mo., 
under General Fremont in October, 1861, and at 
Belmont, Mo., under General McClernand, Noy. 
7, 1861. He was attached to the 8d brigade, 1st 
division, Grant’s army, and fought at Fort Henry, 
Feb. 6, 1862, and at Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 1862, 
where he succeeded Colonel Morrison in the com-_ 
mand of the brigade. He was placed in command — 
of Fort Girardeau, Mo., and April 25, 1862, was 
promoted brigadier-general. 


operations about Vicksburg and was mustered 
out in 1865. He was appointed collector of inter-. 
nal revenue in 1867, in 1868 was unsuccessful Re-— 
publican candidate for representative in the 41st 
congress, removed to Iowa City, Ia., and engaged ~ 
in raising cattle, but in 1894 returned to Lewis- 
ton, Ill. He was a delegate to the Democratic 


[552] 


of Lewis] 


He was stationed — 
in southwestern Tennessee, later took part in the — 


be ae 











ROSS 





















national conventions of 1852 and 1856, and the 
Republican national convention of 1872. He died 
n Lewistown, IIll., Jan. 17, 1901. 

ROSS, Lewis Winans, representative, was 
F born in Seneca Falls, N.Y., Dec. 8, 1812; son of 
Ossian M. and Mary aWinacis) Ross ; grandson of 
; Reasoh and Abagail Ross, and a descendant of 
Zebulon Ross, who came from Scotland early in 
the eighteenth century. He removed to Illinois 
with his parents, attended Illinois college, 1837, 
and became a lawyer. He was married, June 13, 
1839, to Frances M., daughter of Reuben CG. and 
‘rances (Graves) Simms of Virginia. He was 
a representative in the state legislature, 1840, 
1841, 1844 and 1845; member of the state consti- 
tutional conventions, 1861 and 1870 ; and a Demo- 
atic representative from Illinois in the 388th, 
39th and 40th congresses, 1863-69, He died in 
Lewistown, IIL, Oct. 29, 1895. 

ROSS, William Henry Harrison, governor of 
Delaware, was born in Laurel, Sussex county, 
De el., June 2, 1814 ; son of Caleb and Letitia (Lof- 
and) Ross. He attended the common schools 
and Claremont academy in Pennsylvania. He 
visited Great Britain and 
Treland, 1836: was estab- 
lished in business in Adams 
county, Ill., 1887; in Laurel, 
1837-45 ; removed to Seaford, 
Del., in the latter year, and 
was in command of a regi- 
A = ment of cavalry in the Mexi- 
can war, 1846-47. He was married, June 7, 1840, 
Elizabeth E., daughter of George K. Hall of 
iddletown, Del., and they had three sons and 
four daughters. He was a delegate from Dela- 
rare to the Democratic national conventions of 
1848, 1856 and 1860; governor of Delaware, 
851-55, and subsequently again went abroad, 
ra veling extensively on the continent. He died 
in Phi adelphia, Pa., June 29, 1887. 






















Va., 
= 1836; son of John and Martha Ter ina 
nm) Rosser ; grandson of Thomas and Naucy 
y) Rosser and of Jonathan and Mahalah 
irgrave) Johnson, and a descendant from 
Rosser, a Huguenot, and on the Johnson 
from English, Danish and Scandinavian 
stors. In 1849 he removed with his parents 
as and entered the U.S. Military academy 
5. He was to graduate in 1861, but the 
e class was ordered into the army on the 
k on Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861, before 
graduated, and Rosser resigned to join the 
lerate army. He was commissioned 1st 
ant of artillery, was in the battle of Bull 
ly 21, 1861, and was promoted captain in 
Vashington artillery of New Orleans imme- 


ROSSER 


diately after the battle. 
sular campaign ; 


He fought in the Penin- 
was wounded at Mechaniesville, 
Va., June 26, 1862, and was promoted lieutenant- 
colonel. He was transferred to the cavalry ; pro- 
moted, colonel and given command of the 5th 
Virginia cavalry of 
Fitzhugh Lee’s_ bri- 
gade under J. E. B. 
Stuart. During Gen. 
T. J. Jackson’s ma- 
noeuvres on Pope's 
left, Colonel Rosser 
protected one flank ; 
was engaged at the 
second Bull Run, and 74% 
at South Mountain, 
where he was sent by 
General Stuart to 
seize Fox’s Gap on 
Braddock road, and 
after the death of 
General Garland, he 





Shard brotiye 
assumed command of the brigade of infantry. He 
was engaged in the operations around Fredericks- 


burg and Charlottesville ; fought at Gettysburg, 
and on Oct. 15, 1863, was promoted brigadier-gen- 
eral and given command of the second brigade in 
Wade Hampton's division. He was engaged in the 
cavalry operations in the Wilderness and around 
Richmond, fighting desperately at Trevillian sta- 
tion, where he was badly wounded in the leg. 
He was promoted major-general, Sept. 12, 1864 ; 
joined General Early in the Shenandoah valley on 
Oct. 5, and took command of Fitzhugh Lee’s di- 
vision, that officer having been incapacitated from 
wounds received at the battle of Winchester. 
Rosser skirmished successfully on Oct. 8 ; 
feated at Tom’s Brook by Sheridan the following 
day, and on Oct. 17, attacked Custer in the rear of 
his picket line. At Cedar Creek, Oct. 19, 1864, 
he led the attack on the Federal right ; was met 
by a superior force, and with difficulty held his 
own, but during the retreat of Early’s army his 
command retired in good order, and was left at 
Fisher’s Hill to act as a rear-guard. He held this 
position until the following day and then fell 
back to Stony Creek. He captured the strong- 
hold at New Creek with 8 pieces of artillery, 2000 
prisoners, large quantities of military stores, 
horses, and commissary supplies, September, 1864, 
and did great damage to the B. & O. R. R., burn- 
ing the round house and shops at Piedmont. In 
February, 1865, he crossed the Great North Moun- 
tain in a severe snow storm (still on crutches and 
suffering from wounds received at Trevillian 
station), captured Beverly with its garrison of 
900 men, large stores and many cattle, and 
brought them all back to Staunton, losing only 
one officer (Colonel Cook), and five men. He 


was de- 


1553] 


ROSSITER 


commanded a division in the Appomattox cam- 
paign ; refused to surrender, and charged through 
the Union lines with two divisions of cavalry. 
He escaped and attempted to reorganize the 
Army of Virginia, but was captured at Hanover 
C.H.,Va., May 2, 1865. He was married, May 
28, 1863, to Elizabeth Barbara, daughter of Will- 
iam Overton and Sarah Ann (Gregory) Winston 
of Hanovercounty, Va. After the war he studied 
law, and in 1870 became interested in railroading, 
being chief engineer of the Eastern division of 
the Northern Pacific railroad, 1871-81, and chief 
engineer of the Canadian Pacific railroad, 1881t- 
83. In 1885 he retired to an estate in Virginia, 
where he was living, June 10, 1898, when he was 
commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers by 
President McKinley. He served at Chickamauga 
Park and Knoxville, commanding the 14th Min- 
nesota, 2d Ohio, and Ist Pennsylvania regiments 
of volunteer infantry, and was engaged in drill- 
ing troops and equipping them for battle when 
the war ended. He was honorably mustered 
out, Nov. 31, 1898, and returned to his home in 
Charlottesville, Va. 

ROSSITER, Thomas Prichard, painter, was 
born in New Haven, Conn., Sept. 29, 1817. He 
attended the New Haven schools; studied art 
under Nathaniel Jocelyn, and in 1838 opened a 
studio in New Haven. He studied in London 
and Paris, 1840-41; painted in Rome, 1841-46, 
and settled in New York city in 1846. He was 
elected an Associate National Academician in 
1840, and an Academician in 1849. He resided in 
Paris, 1853-56, and again in New York city, 1856- 
60. Among his more famous paintings are: 
Miriam Dancing before the Hosts; Jeremiah ; 
Jews in Captivity ; Joan of Are in Prison ; Wise 
and Foolish Virgins; The Representative Mer- 
chants; The Home of Washington, with Mignot 
(1858); The Discoverers (1859), and The Life of 
Chr ist. a series. He was awarded a gold medal 
at the Paris International exposition of 1855 for 
his Venice in the 15th Century (1854), and a 
medal of the third class at the Salon of 1855. He 
died in Cold Spring, N.Y., May 17, 1871. 

ROTCH, Abbott Lawrence, meteorologist, was 
born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 6, 1861; son of Ben- 
jamin 8, and Annie B. (Lawrence) Rotch ; grand- 
son of Joseph and Anne (Smith) R otch, and of 
Abbott and Katharine (Bigelow) Lawrence, and 
a descendant of families of English ancestry, 
prominent as merchants in Massachusetts, a 
paternal ancestor having founded the town of 
New Bedford, and his maternal grandfather that 
of Lawrence. He was graduated at the Massa- 
chusetts Institute of Technology, 8.B., 1884, and 
in 1885 established at his own expense the Blue 
Hill Meteorological Observatory, in Milton, Mass. 
At this observatory, the entire expense of which 


ROTH 


he assumed, he, with two or three assistants, 
made important investigations in dynamic me- 
teorology. Here were executed the first measure- 
ments in the United States of the height and 
velocity of clouds, and here, also, kites were first 
used to lift self-re- 
cording instruments 
into the upper air, a 
method of investiga- 
tion now extensively 
adopted in Europe. 
As early as 1899 Mr. 
Rotch experimented 
with kites for wireless 
telegraphy, using the 
Marconi system, and 
in 1901, when he 
crossed the ocean to 
lecture to the British 
Association for the 
Advancement of Sci- 
ence, he flew kites 
daily from the deck of the steamer, thus ob- 
taining the first observations of the upper at- 
mosphere over the Atlantic. He was married, 
Nov. 22, 1893, to Margaret Randolph, daughter 
of Edward C. and Margaret (Randolph) Ander- 
son of Savannah, Ga. In 1891 he received the 
honorary degree of A.M. from Harvard; was a 
member of the International Jury of Awards at 
the Paris exposition in 1889, and was then madea 
Chevalier of the Legion of Honor; subsequently 
he was American member of the International 
committees on cloud nomenclature and scientific 
aeronautics, and in 1902 received from the Ger- 
man Emperor the Royal Order of the Crown, 
Third Class, for his co-operation in the interna- 
tional work of exploring the atmosphere. He 
took part in scientific expeditions to various parts 
of the World, and was for ten years associate- 
editor of the American Meteorological Journal. 
He is the author of : Observations and Investiga- 
tions at Blue Hill, published in the Annals of 
Harvard College Observatory after 1887 ; Sounding 
the Ocean of Air (London, 1900), besides ne 
articles in scientific periodicals. 

ROTH, Theophilus Buechle, educator, 
born in Prospect, Pa., Feb. 9, 1853 ; 
and Lydia (Buechle) Roth; grandson of David 
and Mary (Althaus) Roth, and great-grandson of 
John Roth (born in Brandenburg, Prussia, who 
came to America, 1745), missionary among the 


was 


American Indians in Bradford county, Pa., and — 


at Gnaden Huetten, Ohio, and later pastor of the 
Moravian church at York, Pa., where he died. 
He was graduated at Thiel college, Greenville, 
Pa., A.B., 1874, A.M., 1877, and entered the Lu- 
theran ministry, 1878. 
879, to Amalie, daughter of John G. and Bar- 


[554] 





son of Lewis- 


He was married, Oct. 7,° 





it entinae 










































ROTHERMEL 


bara (Maurer) Hoerlein, of Utica, N.Y. In 1878 
he the Church of the Redeemer in 
, N.Y., where he preached fifteen years. 
Stoanded several other Lutheran churches in 
ce tre] New York, and in 1893 became president 
yf Thiel college. He established The Young 
Lutheran, a denominational paper, in 1885, and 
was its editor. Susquehanna university conferred 
on him the honorary degree of D.D. in 1895. 

ROTHERMEL, Peter Frederick, artist, was 
born in Nescopack, Luzerne county, Pa., July 
18, 1817. He attended the common schools, and 
ag attempting land-surveying and sign-paint- 
x, began the study of drawing under John R. 
: Seth. He subsequently studied portrait-paint- 
ing under Bass Otis of Philadelphia, Pa. ; travel- 
a in England and on the continent, 1856-59, 
ty nearly two years in Rome, and upon 
s return to the United States, opened a studio 
iW Bhiladelphia, devoting himself chiefly to his- 
4 ical subjects. He was an honorary member 
f the National Academy of Design ; a member of 
e Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and also 
a Be icentor of the latter, 1847--55. His canvases 
i nelude : De Soto Discovering the Mississippi 

1844); Embarkation of Columbus, in the Penn- 
vania academy; Christian Martyrs in the 
Coliseum, a series illustrative of Prescott’s 
‘History of the Conquest of Mexico” (about 
1850); The Virtuoso (1855); King Lear (1856); 
Patrick Henry before the Virginia House of Bur- 
je ; three paintings of St. Paul; Trial of Sir 
enry Vane; Battle of Gettysburg ; Memorial 
all, Philadelphia (1871); The Landsknecht (1876); 
chantes (1884); Columbus before Isabella ; 
»scenes from ‘* Macbeth,” and Amy Robsart 
eding for Leicester. He died in Grassland- 
mere, Pa., Aug. 15. 1895. 

R OTHROCK, Joseph Trimble, botanist, was 
orn in McVeytown, Mifflin county, Pa., April 9, 
$39; son of Dr. Abraham and Phoebe (Brinton) 
rock ; grandson of Philip and Martha (Lo- 
1) Rothrock, and of Joseph and Jane (Brin- 
jon) Trimble. He matriculated at the Lawrence 

fic school, Harvard college, but on the 
uk of the civil war, enlisted as a private 
131lst regiment, Pennsylvania volunteer 
y. Hesubsequently raised and was made 
1 of company E, 20th regiment, Penn- 
ia volunteer cavalry ; was badly wounded 
e battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862, 
eturning to Harvard college, was graduated 
: B., 1864. He soon after began the study of 
nt ne, but temporarily abandoned it to join 

exploring expedition under the Western 
c Bee ton Telegraph company in North- 
itish Columbia, 1865-66. He was grad- 
B irc om the University of Pennsylvania, M.D., 
and was professor of botany in the Rovienk 


ROUARIE 


tural college, Pennsylvania, 1868-70. He was 
married, May 27, 1869, to Martha Ellen, daughter 
of Addison and Llizabeth (Shafer) May of West 
Chester, Pa. He engaged in the practice of 
medicine at Wilkesbarre, Pa., 1870-73. where he 
assisted in the establishment of a hospital; was 
associated as surgeon and botanist with the 
Wheeler geographical and geological expedition 
operating under the direction of the U.S. En- 
gineer corps, west of the 100th meridan, 1873-76, 
and contributed extensively to the articles in 
Volume IX. of the Wheeler Report, having made 
the greater part of the collection which it des- 
cribes. In 1876 he was elected to the chair of 
botany in the University of Pennsylvania, and in 
addition to his professorial duties, took an active 
part as writer and speaker in the Forestry move- 
ment; established the North Mountain school of 
physical culture, Luzerne county, Pa., in 1876, 
and served as Michaux lecturer in forestry by 
appointment of the American Philosophical 
society for fourteen years. Professor Rothrock 
made an extended voyage through the West 
Indies, 1890-91, contributing large additions 
to the scientific collection of the University of 
Pennsylvania, and in May, 1893, was appointed 
commissioner of forestry for Pennsylvania by 
Governor Pattison, making his home in West 
Chester, and serving in this capacity during the 
administrations of Governors Hastings and Stone. 
For his photographs of Pennsylvania forest trees, 
he received silver medals from the Exposition 
Universelle, Paris, 1889, and the Columbian ex- 
position, Chicago, 1893. He was elected a mem- 
ber of the American Philosophical society, the 
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, and 
the Pennsylvania Historical society, and pres- 
ident of the Chester County Historical society. 
He became a member of the editorial staff of 
Forest Leaves in 1893, and is the author of : Flora 


of Alaska (1867); Vacation Cruising (1884) ; 
* Revision of North American Guarinez,” in the 
Proceedings of the American Academy; Penn- 


sylvania Forestry Reports ‘wena and several 
scientific papers. 

ROUARIE, Armand Taifin, ii ancuais de la, 
soldier, was born near Rennes, France, April 14, 
1756. He was appointed a member of the king’s 
body guard, but owing to a duel he was dismissed, 
and emigrated to the United States, May 10, 1777, 
as Count Armand. He was commissioned colo- 
nel in the Continental army ; served under La- 
fayette in New Jersey ; was active in the fighting 
in Winchester county, N.Y., and in Connecticut, 
and served under Gen. Horatio Gates at Camden, 
Aug. 16, 1780. Tle captured the force of Barre- 
more near King’s Bridge, Nov. 8, 1779. In 1780 
his corps was joined to that of Pulaski, and he 
took part in the operations in central New Jer- 


(555) 


ROUDEBUSH 


sey. He went to France on personal business 
in 1781, and on his return brought a_ sup- 
ply of ammunition and clothing. He was a 
witness at the court convened to inquire 
as to the conduct of General Gates in 1782, 
and in his testimony he blamed Gates for 
the defeat at Camden. He was promoted briga- 
dier-general, March 26, 1783; was made a mem- 
ber of the Society of the Cincinnati, and returned 
to France at the close of the war. He died near 
Lamballe, Brittany, Jan. 30, 1793. 
ROUDEBUSH, George Shotwell, educator 
and clergyman, was born in Goshen, Ohio, April 
26, 1828; son of Daniel and Ruth (Shotwell) 
Roudebush. He graduated at Jefferson college, 
Pa., in 1854; taught at Fairview academy, La., 
1854-56 ; attended the Western Theological semi- 
nary, 1856-57 ; was married, Dec. 24, 1856, to Mar- 
garet Hughes, daughter of William and Eleanor 
(Hughes) Moore of Canonsburg, Pa. ; taught in 
the high school at Natchez, Miss., 1857-59 ; was 
principal of Natchez institute, 1859-62; was 
licensed by the presbytery of Mississippi in 
August, 1860, and was ordained in 1862. He was 
pastor at Woodville, Miss., 1861-64, and stated 
supply in Adams county, 1864-66 ; again superin- 
tendent of Natchez institute, 1867-70; president 
of Oakland college, Miss., 1870-738, and of the 
Oakland institute, 1873-74. He was professor at 
the Agricultural and Mechanical college, Miss., 
1880-83 ; Jackson high school, 1883-87, and in 1887 
became the principal and proprietor of the Colle- 
giate academy at Madison, Miss. He received 
the degree of D.D. from Mississippi university in 
1880. In 1882 he published A Plea for the Higher 
Education of the Women of Mississippi, which 
led to the establishment by the state of a college 
for girls in 1885, which in 1903 enrolled 600 pupils. 
ROUND, William Marshall Fitts, penologist, 
was born in Pawtucket, R.I., March 26, 1845 ; 
grandson of Daniel and Sally (Marshall) Round, 
and of Abijah and Betsy (Penno) Fitts. He 
attended the public schools and the Harvard 
Medical school, but did not graduate. He was 
appointed U.S. commissioner to the World’s fair, 
held in Vienna, 1873, and had charge of the New 
England department. He was married, April 25, 
1877, to Ellen Miner, daughter of Jesse and Ellen 
(Miner) Thomas of Wilkes Barre, Pa., and grand- 
daughter of the Hon. Charles Miner. He devoted 
himself to literature, becoming a journalist and 
author, and took an active interest in the subject 
of prison reform. He was corresponding secre- 
tary of the Prison Association of New York ; was 
one of the organizers and secretary of the National 
Prison association, and United States delegate 
to the prison congresses held in Rome, Paris and 
Brussels. He organized the Burnham Industrial 
farm for unruly boys at Canaan, N.Y. ; intro- 


ROUSSEAU 


duced the ‘‘Mill” system of awards, and was 
elected corresponding secretary of the Prison 
Association of New York in 1883. The honorary 
degree of A.M. was conferred on him by Brown 
university in 1892. In 1903 he was managing 
editor of the Lend a Hand Record, in association 
with Rev. Dr. Edward Everett Hale (q.v.), and 
much interested in the international justice 
movement, of which the Record is the organ in 
the United States. He is the author of: Achsah, 
a New England Life Study (1876); Child Marion 
Abroad (1876); Torn and Mended (1877); Hol, the 
Story of a Clodhopper (1878); Rosecroft (1880). 
ROUQUETTE, Adrien Emmanuel, priest and 
author, was born in New Orleans, La., Feb. 13, 
1813; brother of Francois Dominique, author of 
several poems and a history of the Choctaw In- 
dians, in both French and English. He spent his. 
early boyhood among the Indians on Bayou La- 
combe ; attended the preparatory department of 
Transylvania university, Kentucky ; the College 
Royal of Paris, and that of Nantes, and was. 
graduated from the University of Rennes in 1833. 
On his return to New Orleans, having resumed 
his friendly relations with the Indians against 
the wishes of his parents, he was again sent to 
Paris to study law, which he subsequently aban- 
doned. For the purpose of uplifting the Choctaw 
Indians he prepared for the priesthood of the 
Roman Catholic church at Bayou Lacomb, where: 
he learned the Choctaw language and reduced it. 
to writing ; attended the seminary of Assumption 
Parish; was ordained sub-deacon in 1844, and 
priest by Archbishop Blanc of New Orleans in 
1845. He was attached to the cathedral in New 
Orleans, La.,as prédicateur, 1845-58, and in 1859 
established an Indian mission at the headsprings. 
of Bayou Lacomb, where he remained 
1886. He also established missions in St. Tam- 
many parish, and during the civil war he placed 
the Indians under the protection of Catherine 
Tegehkwitha, the Indian saint of Canada. He 
was a linguist of remarkable reputation, and is 
the author of: Les Savanes, poesies Americaines 
(1841), including Souvenir de Kentucky ; Wild 
Flowers; Sacred Poetry (1848); La Thébaide 
en Amérique (1852); L’ Antoniade, poéme érémi- 
tique (1860); Poémes Patriotiques (1860); Catherine 


Tegehkwitha (1873); La Nowvelle Atald (1879),and — 


Critical Dialogue between Aboo and Caboo on a 
New Book, or a Grandissime Ascension, edited by 
KE, Junius, a satire on George W. Cable’s ‘‘ Gran- 


dissimes.” He also translated the select poems. 


of Estelle Anna Lewis into French, and edited 
Selections from the Poets of all Countries (1855). 
He died in New Orleans, La., July 15, 1887. 
ROUSSEAU, Lovell Harrison, soldier, was 
born in Stanford, Lincoln county, Ky., Aug. 4, 
1818. He studied law; removed to Bloomfield, 


[556] 





until — 


- 









































ROUSSEAU 


 Ind.; was admitted to the bar in 1841, and wasa 
representative in the state legislature, 1844—45. 
During the Mexican war, he raised a company of 
which he was commissioned captain, June 22, 
1846, and distinguished himself for bravery at 
Buena Vista. He 
was mustered out, 
June 23, 1847; was 
an Indiana state sen- 
ator, 1847-49; re- 
moved to Louisville, 
Ky., in 1849, and was 
a Kentucky — state 
senator, 1860-61. He 
recruited a brigade; 
was commissioned 
colonel of the 5th 
Kentucky volunteers, 
Sept. 9, 1861,and cross- 


ing into Kentucky 
joined | Sherman's 
army. A few days 


later, he was ordered to advance to Nolin and select 
a position for a large force, and this induced 
Johnston to move from Columbus to Bowling 
Green. Rousseau was promoted brigadier-gen- 
eral, Oct. 1, 1861, and at Shiloh commanded the 
4th brigade of McCook’s division, General Buell’s 
Army of the Ohio. He arrived by transport 
at daylight the second day (April 7, 1862), 
and rendered valuable service in supporting Mc- 
Clernand’s division at acritical moment, moving 
down the Corinth road and sweeping everything 
before him. At Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862, he 
commanded the 3d division, 1st corps, under Gen- 
eral McCook, and that same day was promoted 
lajor-general, and transferred to the Army of 
the Cumberland, having command of the 1st 
division of Thomas’s corps. At Stone’s river 
Rousseau was left in reserve in the rear, where at 
ybreak of December 20, he gallantly repulsed 
neral Wheeler. When in’ the course of the 
t a e, Sheridan was compelled to fall back, Rous- 
eau brought up his reserves and maintained the 
ine until, for lack of support on his flank, he 
s obliged to fall back to where the Union line 
‘as re-forming. Here he held his own until night, 
1en Bragg withdrew. He subsequently took 
in the manceuvres that forced Bragg out of 
ssee, and was given command, November, 
, of the Department of Tennessee. After 
rman had started for Atlanta, Rousseau was 
oned at Nashville, to protect his rear, and 
eded in keeping the Nashville and Chat- 
nooga railroad intact, despite the raids of Gen, 
seph Wheeler. On July 10, 1864, he was order- 
d to leave Decatur, Ala., and with two brigades 
f cavalry traveled 300 miles in nine days, came 
rithin 100 miles of Johnston's rear, destroyed 


wy 


ROUXEL 


the railroad and supplies, and joined Sherman 
near Atlanta. He resigned his commission in the 
army, Nov. 3, 1865, to become a Republican re- 
presentative from Kentucky in the 30th congress, 
serving from Dec. 4, 1865, to July 12, 1866, when 
he resigned his seat because of a censure passed 
upon him by the house for assaulting Josiah B. 
Grinnell of Iowa, He returned to his state, was 
re-elected and served to the end of the term. He 
was a member of the committee on military 
affairs, and was an official representative at the 
funeral of General Scott. He was commissioned 
brigadier-general, U.S.A., March 28, 1867, and 
was sent to Alaska to receive that territory from 
Russia, and to assume control of it. Some indis- 
creet actions on his part at New Orleans, led Gen- 
eral Sheridan to complain of him, but he was not 
prevented from going to Alaska, whence he was 
shortly recalled to testify in the impeachment 
trial of President Johnson. He succeeded Gen. 
Sheridan in command of the Department of the 
Gulf, and died at New Orleans, La., Jan. 7, 1869. 

ROUTT, John Long, governor of Colorado, 
was born in Eddyville, Caldwell county, Ky., 
April 25, 1826; son of John Routt, and grandson 
of Daniel Routt, a veteran of the war of 1812. 
His father died when he was very young, and in 
1836 he removed with his = 
mother to Bloomington, IIL, 
where he attended the dis- 
trict schools, and in 1860 
became sheriff of McLean \\ 
county. In 1862 he was \ 
commissioned captain, 94th 
Illinois volunteers, fighting = 
under Grant in the west, and performing danger- 
ous special service at Vicksburg ; and was mus- 
tered out in 1865. He was treasurer of McLean 
county, 1865-69, was U.S. marshal for the southern 
district of Illinois, 1865-69, and was second assist- 
ant postmaster-general, 1871-75. He was mar- 
ried, first, in 1845, to Hester Woodson, who died 
in 1872; and secondly, in 1875, to Eliza Franklim 
Pickerel. He was appointed governor of Colorado 
Territory in February, 1875, which position he 
held until Colorado was admitted to statehood in 
1876, when he was chosen first governor of the 
state. He declined re-nomination and devoted 
his attention to business until, in 1883, he was 
elected mayor of Denver, and he was again gov- 
ernor of Colorado, 1890-92. 

ROUXEL, Gustave Augustin, R.C. bishop, 
was born at Redon, Ille et Vilaine, France, Feb. 2, 
1840; son of James Rouxel and Scolastique 
Brécha, his wife. He was graduated from the 
Grand Seminary, Rennes, France, and in 1863 
came to the United States, where he was ordain- 
ed priest, Oct. 4, 1863. He was assistant priest 
at Opelousas, La., for six months; pastor at La- 





> [557] 


ROWAN 


fayette, La., 1864-72 ; administrator of the Cath- 
edral, New Orleans, 1872-88, and pastor of 
Annunciation church, 1888-99. He was appoint- 
ed canon and vicar-general in 1878, and on April 
9, 1899, was consecrated titular bishop of Curium 
and auxiliary bishop of New Orleans. 

ROWAN, John, senator, was born in York 
county, Pa.,in 1771; son of William and 
(Cooper) Rowan. His father was a Revolutionary 
soldier, and his mother of Quaker descent. In 
1783 his parents removed to Louisville, Ky., and 
in March, 1784, with five other families, madea 
settlement at Long Falls, Green river, where 
they were subject to frequent attacks from the 
Shawnee Indians. After completing his prepara- 
tory education at Dr. Priestly’s classical school, 
Bardstown, Ky., John Rowan studied law in 
Louisville ; was admitted to the bar in 1795, and 
began practice in Bardstown. He wasa delegate 
from Nelson county to the second state constitu- 
tional convention at Frankfort, Aug. 17, 1799; 
secretary of state, 1804, and a representative 
from Kentucky in the 11th congress, taking his 
seat Jan. 9, 1807, and serving till March 3, 1809. 
He was a member of the state legislature from 
Nelson county, 1813--17, and from Jefferson 
county, 1822 and 1824, and acted as counsel for 
John C. Hamilton, who was tried for the murder 
of Dr. John P. Sanders in 1817, convicted on 
circumstantial evidence, and hanged. In 1823 
Mr. Rowan was appointed by the legislature, 
with Henry Clay, a commissioner to defend the 
occupying claimant laws of the state before the 
U.S. supreme court. He was aU.S. senator from 
Kentucky, 1825--31, defeating by his vote alone 
the bill for appropriation for the extension of the 
national road from Zanesville, Ohio, to Maysville, 
Ky., 1826; delivered a speech the same year ad- 
vocating the amendment of the judiciary system 
of the United States, and another in 1828 on the 
subject of imprisonment for debt, both of which 
proved his convincing power as an orator. As 
an advocate in criminal cases he had few equals. 
He served as commissioner for carrying out the 
treaty of 1839 with Mexico ; and a member of the 
so-called ‘‘ Relief” party upon the failure of the 
Bank of Kentucky. He was chosen grand orator 
of the grand lodge of Freemasons of Kentucky 
in 1820, and was president of the Kentucky 
Historical society, 1838-48. His wife was a 
daughter of Gen. William Lytle, an early pioneer 
of Ohio. His son, John Rowan, Jr., was U.S. 
minister to Naples, 1848--50. Senator Rowan 
died in Louisville, Ky., July 13, 1843. 

ROWAN, Stephen Clegg, naval officer, was 
born near Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1808. His 
parents brought him to America when a child, 
settling in Ohio, where he attended the public 
schools and Miami university, 1825-26. He was 





[558] 


ROWE 






















































warranted midshipman in the navy, Feb., 1826, and 
on the Vincennes sailed around the world, 1827-30. 
He was promoted passed-midshipman, served on 
the Vandalia during the Seminole war, and March 
8, 1837, was commissioned lieutenant. He was 
executive officer of the Cyane, Pacific squadron, 
during the war with Mexico, serving at Monterey, 
San Diego, Mesa (where he was wounded), and 
Mazatlan. He was promoted commander, Sept. 
14, 1855, and in 1861, when he took command of 
the Pawnee, sailed up the Potomac to protect — 
Washington, and June 1, 1861, assisted Com- 
mander Ward in his attack on the Confederates 
at Acquia Creek. Later he was attached to 
Commodore Stringham’s fleet, which on Aug. 28, 
1861, co-operated with Géneral Butler in the 
capture of Forts Clark and Hatteras on the North 
Carolina coast. On Feb. 10, 1862, he commanded 
the fleet in the attack on Commodore Lynch's 
Confederate gun-boats, and the capture of Eliz- 
abeth city. He succeeded Commodore Golds- 
borough in command of the entire fleet in the 
North Carolina waters, and assisted General 
Burnside in the capture of New Berne, March 
12, and of Beaufort, April 25, 1862. He received 
the thanks of congress, and was promoted captain 
and commodore, July 16, 1862; was on board the — 
New Ironsides in the attacks on Forts Wagner — 
and Sumter, 1862-65 ; was promoted rear-admiral, 
July 25, 1866; transferred to the Nadawasco, and — 
1866-67, was commandant of the Norfolk navy. _ 
yard. He commanded the Asiatic squadron, 
1868-69; was promoted vice-admiral in 1870; _ 
commanded the Brooklyn navy yard, 1872-76, 
and was president of the board of naval examiners, 
1879-81. In 1883 he was made chairman of the ~ 
U.S. light-house board, and in 1889 was retired 
at his own request. He died in Washington, 
D.C:, March 31, 1890. 

ROWE, Leo Stanton, political economist, was 
born in McGregor, Iowa, Sept. 17, 1871; son of 
Louis and Katherine (Raff) Rowe. He was grad- 
uated from the Philadelphia Central High school ; 
entered the department of arts, University of — 
Pennsylvania, sophomore class, in 1887, and the 
Wharton School of Finance and Economy in 1888, 
and was graduated, Ph.B., 1890, and LL.B., 1892, 
in the same year being admitted to the Philadel-— 
phia bar. He studied in Paris and in the Uni-— 
versity of Halle, 1892-96, receiving the degree of 
Ph.D. from Halle. He was appointed instructor 
in public law in the University of Pennsylvania 
in 1896, and was madeassistant professor in 1898. _ 
He was elected vice-president of the Americar 
Academy of Political and Social Science in 1899, 
and its president in 1902, succeeding President 
S. M. Lindsay, appointed commissioner of educa- 


ROWE 







































commission to revise and codify the laws of Porto 
Rico, and in April, 1901, Governor Allen appoint- 
ed him chairman of the Insular Code commission. 
He returned to his chair of political science in 
the University of Pennsylvania in February, 
1902. He was elected a fellow of the Wharton 
School of Finance and Economy: a member of 
the International Law association ; of the Amer- 
ican Economical association, and corresponding 
member of the Société d’Anthropologique, Paris. 
His many contributions to scientific journals in- 
clude: ‘Factors of Efficiency in Government” 
(Pablic Opinion, 1895) ; ‘‘ The Anti-Semitic Move- 
ment in America” (Citizen, 1895); ‘‘American 
Political Ideas and Institutions” (published by 
the Reform club, New York, 1897); ‘‘ The Influ- 
ence of the War on Our Public Life” (Forum, 
1899); “*The Municipality and the Gas Supply ” 
(Annals of the American Academy, 1898); ‘* So- 
cialistic Municipalities of Northern France ” (Yale 
Review, 1899); *‘The Supreme Court and the In- 
su ar Cases” (Annals, 1901); ‘‘ Political Parties 
in Porto Rico” (Annals, 1902); ‘* The Establish- 
ment of Civil Government in the Philippines” 
(Annals, 1902). 

ROWE, Peter Trimble, first bishop of the mis- 
sionary district of Alaska and 177th in succession 
in the American episcopate, was born in Meadow- 
ville, Canada, Nov. 20, 1856; son of Peter and 
Mary Rowe. He was graduated from Trinity 
sollege, Toronto, A.B., 1880, A.M., 1882; was or- 
dered deacon by the Bishop of Algoma, Novy. 3, 
1878, and advanced to the priesthood, Nov. 14, 
. He was married, June 1, 1881, to Dora H., 
ehter of the Rev. John Carry, D.D., of Port 
rry, Canada. He was missionary to the Indians 
at Garden River, Ontario, 1878-82, and was re- 


2-95, and served as commissioner of schools for 
pewa county, Mich., 1891-95. He was elected 


35, in St.George’s, New York city, by Bishops 
e, Whitaker and Storkey, assisted by Bishops 
r, Potter, Walker, Davies and Brooke. He 
his residence at Sitka, and in 1903 had 
clergy, sixteen lay readers, fourteen mis- 
, twelve church edifices, five women work- 
nd 2,259 baptised members in his missionary 
ct, which covered an area of 570,000 square 
$s, With a population of 44,000 souls. He re- 
ived the honorary degree of D.D. from Hobart 
d Toronto in 1895. 

LAND, Henry Augustus, physicist, was 
Honesdale, Pa., Nov. 27, 1848; son of 
vy. Dr. Henry Augustus and Harriet 
) Rowland ; grandson of the Rev. Henry 


ROWLAND 


A. and Frances (Bliss) Rowland ; great-grandson 
of the Rev. David Sherman and Mary (Spaulding) 
Rowland, and a descendant of Jonathan Edwards, 
and of the Rev. John Warham, first minister 
of Windsor, Conn. He was graduated at the 
Rensselaer Polytech- 
nic institute at Troy, 
N.Y., C.E., 1870, and 
became a surveyor in 
western New York. 
He was instructor in 
physics at Rensselaer, 
1872-74, and in 1874 
was made assistant 
professor. He studied 
at Berlin in 1875, and 
in 1876 became pro- 
fessor of physics at 
Johns Hopkins uni- 
versity. He made 
many discoveries in 
electrical and solar 
science, and invented machines to aid him in his 
work, A plate of polished metal, ruled with close, 
parallel lines, possesses a refractory power very 
much beyond that of the prism commonly used, 
and the nearer these lines are to one another the 
greater the power of the plate. Professor Rowland 
invented aruling engine capable of making 20,000 
lines tothe inch, the bestachievement before that 
being the engine of Lewis M. Rutherfurd (q.v.), 
which ruled 17,000 lines to the inch. Professor 
Rowland was married June 4, 1890, to Henrietta, 
daughter of George Law and Helen (Davidge) 
Harrison, of Baltimore, Md. He invented in 
1897, the multiplex printing telegraph, by means 
of which a telegram can be transmitted upon a 
typewriter and reproduced in typewritten form at 
the receiving end ; and he devised a means of mak- 
ing practical use of the force of Niagara for the 
generation of electricity. In 1899 he conducted 
a successfulseries of experiments to ascertain the 
cause of the magnetism of the earth, and deter- 
mined to a nicety the value of an ohm, being a 
permanent member of the International commis- 
sion for establishing electrical units. He received 
the honorary degrees, Ph.D. from Johns Hop- 
kins in 1880, and LL.D. from Yale in 1883 
and from Princeton in 1896; was made a 
chevalier of the Legion of Honor for his services 
at the Electrical congress at Paris in 1881, and in 
1896 was advanced to the grade of officer, and later 
made a corresponding member of the British 
Association for the Advancement of Science. He 
was one of twelve foreigners to be admitted to 
membership in the Physical Society of London. 
He was elected to membership in the National 
Academy of Sciences in 1881, and in 1884 received 
for his researches in light and heat the Rumford 





[559] 


ROWLAND 


medal from the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences, of which he was an associate, and in 
1897 the Matteucci medal. He wrote many pam- 
phlets and monographs, among which are: On 
Concave Gratings for Optical Purposes (1883) ; 
On the Relative Wave Lengths at the Lines of the 
Solar Spectrum (1886); On the Mechanical Equiv- 
alent of Heat (1880), and Photographs of the Nor- 
mal Solar Spectrum. He died in Baltimore, Md., 
April 16, 1901, and in accordance with his ex- 
pressed wish his ashes were deposited in the lab- 
oratory of Johns Hopkins university. 

ROWLAND, Kate Mason, author, was bornin 
Virginia; daughter of Major Isaac 8. and Cath- 
erine Armstead (Mason) Rowland. She became 
a member of the Virginia Historical society, the 
Association for the Preservation of Virginia An- 
tiquities, the Confederate Memorial Literary 
society, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 
aud an honorary member of the Woman’s Liter- 
ary club of Baltimore. She edited: The Poems 
of Frank O. Ticknor, M.D. (1879), and is the 
author of: The Life of George Mason, Including 
His Speeches, Public Papers aud Correspondence 
2 vols., 1892), and The Life of Charles Carroll of 
Carrollton, with His Correspondence and Public 
Papers (2 vols., 1898). 

ROYCE, Homer Elihu, jurist, was born in 
Berkshire, Vt., June 14, 1819; son of Elihu Mar- 
vin and Sophronia (Parker) Royce; grandson of 
Stephen and Minerva (Marvin) Royce and of 
James and Mary (Peck) Parker. He attended 
the academies at St. Albans and Enosburg, 
Vt., and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He 
was state’s attorney for Franklin county, 1846-47, 
and at the same time was a representative from 
Berkshire in the state legislature, serving as 
chairman of the railroad committee. He was 
married, Jan. 23, 1851, to Mary, daughter of 
Charles and Mary (Dunbar) Edmunds of Boston, 
Mass. He represented Franklin county in the 
state senate, 1849-51, and was a Republican rep- 
resentative in the 35th and 386th congresses, 1857- 
61. Heserved as a state senator again in 1861 
and in 1868, and was justice of the supreme court, 
1870-91, being chief justice, 1880-91. Hereceived 
from the University of Vermont the degrees 
A.M., 1851 and LL.D., 1882. He died at St. 
Albans, Vt., April 24, 1891. 

ROYCE, Josiah, philosopher, was born in 
Grass Valley, Nevada county, Cal., Nov. 20, 1855 ; 
son of Josiah and Sarah Eleanor (Bayliss) Royce ; 
who were both born in England—the former at 
Ridlington, Rutlandshire, and the latter at Strat- 
ford-on-Avon. He attended the common schools; 
was graduated from the University of California, 
A.B., 1875: continued his studies in Leipzig 
and G6ttingen, 1875-76, and wasa_ fellow of 
Johns Hopkins university, 1876-78, receiving the 


ROYCE 


degree of Ph.D. in the latter year. He was an 
assistant professor of English literature and 
logic in the University of California, 1878-82, and 
associated with Harvard college as instructor in 
philosophy, 1882-84; assistant professor of the 
same, 1885-92, and in the latter year was ap- 
pointed professor of the history of philosophy. 
He was married Oct. 2, 1880, to Katherine, 
daughter of Edward Francis and Eliza (Clement) 
Head of Brookline, Mass. Professor Royce de- 
livered a course of lectures before the Twentieth 
Century club in 1898, and in 1899 the Gifford 
lectures on natural theology at the University of 
Aberdeen, Scotland, which university conferred 
upon him the degree of LL.D. in 1900. He also 
received the same degree from Johns Hopkins in 
1902. He is the author of: A Primer of Logical 
Analysis (1881); The Religious Aspect of Cali- 
fornia (1885); California, in the ‘*‘ American Com- 
monwealth ” series (1886) ; The Feud of Oakfield 
Creek, a novel (1887); The Spirit of Modern Phil- 
osophy (1892); The Conception of God, with 
comments by S. E. Mezer, J. LeConte and G. H. 
Howison (1895) ; Studies of Good and Evil (1898); 
The World andthe Individual (1900); The Con- 
ception of Immortality (1900). In 1903 he wrote 
an introduction to the new four-volume edition 
of John Fiske’s ‘‘ Cosmic Philosophy.” 

ROYCE, Stephen, governor of Vermont, was 
born in Tinmouth, Vt., Aug. 12, 1787; son of 
Stephen and Minerva (Marvin) Royce; grandson 
of Maj. Stephen Royce of the Continental army, 
and of Dr. Ebenezer (surgeon in the Continental 
army) and Sarah (Adams) 
Marvin, and a descendant of 
William Parker who came 
from England in 1638, and 
of Matthew Marvin who 
came to America in 1635 and 
was one of the original pro- 
prietors of Norfolk, Conn. = 
He attended the common school at Tinmouth, an 
academy at Middlebury, and was graduated 
from Middlebury college in 1807. 
school and studied law under his uncle, Ebenezer 
Marvin, and practised at Berkshire, Vt., 1809-11; 





He taught — 


at Sheldon, Vt., 1811-17, and at St. Albans, 1817- 


68. He was a representative from Sheldon tothe 


state legislature, 1815-16, and from St. Albans, — 


1822-24 ; was a delegate to the state constitutional 
convention in 1823; a member of the committee 
appointed in 1816 to report on the constitutional 


amendment for choosing both presidential elec-— ; 
tors and representatives in congress by the dis- _ 


trict system ; was state’s attorney for Franklin 
county, 1816-18; county judge, 1825-26: judge 
of the supreme court, 1829-47 and chief justice, 
1847-52. 
of Vermont in 1854; was re-elected in 1855, and 


[560] 


He was elected by the Whigs, governor 


—_—[_——— 











RUCKER 






























































in 1856 retired to private life. He was never 
married. He died in East Berkshire, Vt., Nov. 
11, 1868. 

RUCKER, Daniel Henry, soldier, was born at 
Belleville, N.J., April 28, 1812; son of John An- 
thony and Sarah (Macomb) Rucker ; grandson of 
John Peter and Janet (Marshall) Rucker. In 
1820 he removed with his parents to Grosse Isle, 
Mich., where he attended school. He entered 
the U.S. army, being commissioned second lieu- 
tenant, Ist dragoons, Oct. 13, 1837; was promoted 
1st lieutenant, Oct. 8, 1844, and captain, Feb. 7, 
1847. In the Mexican war he commanded a 
squadron at Buena Vista and was brevetted major, 
Feb. 23, 1847, for gallant and meritorious services 
there. He was transferred to the quartermaster’s 
department in 1849, and declined the position of 
major of the 6th cavalry. He was married in 
1850 to Jane Curtis. On Aug. 3, 1861, he was pro- 
moted major in the quartermaster’s department, 
and colonel and aide-de-camp to General McClel- 
an, Sept. 28, 1861. He was appointed brigadier- 
general of volunteers, May 23, 1863, and was 
stationed at Washington during the war; was 
brevetted lieutenant-colonel, colonel, and briga- 
dier-general, U.S.A., for diligent and faithful serv- 
ice during the war, and on March 14, 1865, was 
brevetted major-general of volunteers and major- 
ame U.S.A., for faithful and meritorious serv- 
ices during the war. He was promoted colonel 
E: ind appointed quartermaster-general, July 28, 
1 6. He subsequently served at various posts, 
and Feb. 13, 1882, was promoted brigadier-general 
and toca actor-goricral of the army. Ten 
days later, February 23, he was retired from the 
army after forty years of service. 

RUCKER, William W., representative, was 
born near Covington, Va., Feb. 1, 1855; son of 
William P. and Margaret A. (Scott) Rucker. 
He removed with his parents to western Virginia, 
at the outbreak of the civil war, and in 1873 
removed to Chariton county, Mo., where he taught 
chool, 1873-75, and was admitted to the bar in 
876. He was married, May 20, 1880, to Fannie 
Applegate of Keytesville, Mo. He was prosecut- 
ig attorney of Chariton county, 1886-92; circuit 
e of the twelfth judicial circuit, 1892-99, and 
a Democratic representative from the second 
list rict of Missouri in the 56th, 57th and d8th 
ongresses, 1899-1905. 

4 ee a Frederic Wellington, sculptor, 
‘as born at Breitenbach, Alsace, May 22, 1853; 
m of John and Louise Ruckstuhl. In 1685 a 
ranch of the Huguenot family by the name of 
Ruxtiel, driven out of France, settled first in 
‘itzerland and then in Alsace, the name be- 
coming corrupted to Ruckstuhl. In 1855 Frederic 
Vellington Ruckstuhl came with his parents to 
ie United States, and the family settled in St. 


RUCKSTUHL 


Louis, Mo. He was engaged in theological prep- 
aration until 1878, when he determined to de- 
vote himself to the study of sculpture, and 
attended a night class in art, winning the prize 
for the Blair monument at St. Louis in 1883. 
In the same year he 
made a brief visit to 
Paris; returned to 
St. Louis to secure 
enough commission 
for further study 
abroad, and was a 
student in the princi- 
pal schools of Paris, 
especially under Mer- 
cié and Tholenaar, 
1885-88 ; exhibiting 
in the latter year in 
the Paris Salon, his 
life-size nude female 
figure called ‘‘ Even- 
ing,” which won 
‘* Honorable Mention.” 





He subsequently entered 
upon a second three years’ course of study in 
Paris, exhibiting his statue of Evening, which 
he had in the meantime put into marble, and his 
group called ‘‘ Mercury Amusing Himself” in the 


Salon of 1891. The former work was again dis- 
played at the exhibition of the Society of Amer- 
ican Artists in 1893; in the same year received a 


‘grand medal at the Columbian exposition at 


Chicago, and is now in the Metropolitan Museum 
of Art, New York. The latter group was cast 
into bronze, became the property of the city of 
St. Louis, and was placed in Portland Place. 
In December, 1892, Mr. Ruckstuhl settled in New 
York city, where he became active in the art 
movement of the country. He was a member of 
the Fine Arts jury of the Atlanta International 
exposition, 1895; served for three years as first 
secretary of the National Sculpture society, which 
society he had founded, and in 1898 as secretary 
of its committee in charge of the erection of the 
Dewey arch in New York city; superintended 
the sculpture decorations of the Court of Appeals 
of New York city, finished in 1900, and traveled 
extensively in Europe and in Egypt for the benefit 
of his health in 1900-01. He was appointed chief 
of sculpture for the St. Louis World’s Fair, but 
subsequently resigned ; was made a member of 
the National Institute of Arts and Letters and 
the National Arts club; second vice-president of 
the Architectural league, and also of the Munici- 
pal Art society of New York city in 1903. His 
principal works of sculpture in addition to those 
already mentioned, include the heroic bronzes: 
Victory, on soldiers’ and sailors’ monument, 
Jamaica, Long Island; Solon, Library of Con- 
gress, Washington, D.C., where his colossal gran- 


[561] 


RUFFIN 


ite heads, Franklin, Goethe and Macaulay form 
apart of the facade; the equestrian statue of 
Brig.-Gen. John F. Hartranft, Capitol Hill, Har- 
risburg, Pa. ; the colossal marbles: Wisdom and 
Force, New York Appellate Court, New York city; 
the bronze group of Gloria Victis, for the Confed- 
erate monument, Baltimore, Md.; the Quadriga 
for the dome of the government building, Buffalo 
exposition, and the group The Army, on the 
Dewey arch. Among his busts may be men- 
tioned that of John Russell Young. 

RUFFIN, Thomas, jurist, was born in King 
and Queen county, Va., at the home of his mater- 
nal grandfather, Nov. 17, 1787; son of Sterling 
and Alice (Roane) Ruffin of Essex county, Va., 
and grandson of Thomas Roane of Newington, 
Va. He was prepared for college by Marcus 
George, principal of Warrenton (N.C.) Male 
academy, and was graduated at the College of 
New Jersey in 1805. He was a law student under 
David Robertson in Petersburg, Va., 1806-07, and 
in 1807 removed with his parents to Rockingham 
county, N.C., where he continued his law studies 
under Judge Archibald D. Murphy (q.v.), and 
was admitted to the bar in 1808. He was mar- 
ried, Dec. 9, 1809, to Ann, daughter of William 
Kirkland of Hillsborough, and made that place 
his home. He was a representative from Hills- 
borough in the house of commons of North 
Carolina, 1818-15 and 1816, and was speaker in 
1816 ; judge of the superior court, 1817, resigning 
in 1818; was reporter of the decisions of the 
supreme court for one or two terms, and practised 
law with eminent success, 1818-25. He was judge 
of the superior court, 1825-28, resigning in 1828, 
on being elected president of the State bank of 
North Carolina. In 1829 he removed to Raleigh, 
and was solicited to accept the candidacy for 
U.S. senator to complete the term of Senator John 
Branch, appointed secretary of the navy, but de- 
clined, and was elected judge of the state sup- 
reme court upon the death of Chief-Justice 
Taylor. In 1833, upon the death of Chief-Justice 
Henderson, he became chief justice, serving un- 
til 1852, when he resigned, and was succeeded by 
Frederick Nash. Upon the death of Chief-Justice 
Nash, Dec. 5, 1858, Judge Ruffin was almost unan- 
imously re-elected chief justice by the legisla- 
ture of North Carolina, and served until the 
autumn of 1859, when failing health compelled 
his retirement to his estate on Haw river, in 
Alamance county. He opposed secession, but at 
the meeting of the state convention of 1861, voted 
for the measure when he found opposition useless. 
He was a delegate to the Confederate States 
provisional congress that assembled at Richmond, 
Va., July 20, 1861, having previously served asa 
member of the Peace conference at Washington, 
in February, where his efforts on behalf of peace 


RUGER 


were recorded by General Scott and President 
Buchanan. After the war, his estate having been 
desolated by an army encampment, he again took 
up his residence in Hillsborough. He was a 
trustee of the University of North Carolina, 
1813-31 and 1842-68; president of the State 
Agricultural society, 1854-60, and received the 
honorary degree of LL.D. from the University 
in 1834. His opinions while on the bench were 
largely used by the bar of North Carolina, and 
even the U.S. supreme court, as authoritative. 
His son, Col. Thomas Ruffin, who occupied a 
seat on the supreme bench of North Carolina, 
died May 23,1889. Judge Thomas Ruffin, Sr., 
died in Hillsborough, N.C., Jan. 15, 1870. 

RUFFNER, Henry, educator, was born in the © 
valley of Virginia, in the section which became 
Page county, Jan. 19, 1789; son of Col. David and 
Ann Ruffner. Colonel Ruffner removed to the 
Great Kanawha valiey, and established the first 
salt manufactory in that region. Henry Ruffner 
was graduated from Washington college, Lexing- 
ton, Va., A.B., 1817, and wasan instructor in Mer- 
cer academy, Charlestown, 1817-19. He became 
a professor in Washington college, 1819; studied 
theology with President George A. Baxter, and 
was licensed by the presbytery of Lexington. He 
was professor of languages in Washington col- 
lege, 1819-30 and 1835-37, and professor of math- 
ematics, 1830-35. He was president of the col- 
lege, professor of moral philosophy, and ex-officio 
rector of the board of trustees, 1836-48. During 
his administration of the college he also served 
as acting pastor at Timber Ridge, Fairfield and 
New Monmouth. After his resignation in 1848, he 
retired to a mountain farm in Kanawha county, — 
for the benefit of his health, preached to the 
mountaineers, and was subsequently made pastor 
of the church at Malden, Va., serving until 1860. 
He received the honorary degree of D.D. from 
the College of New Jersey, 1838, and that of 
LL.D. from Washington college, 1849. He is the 
author of: Discourse upon the Duration of Future 
Punishment (1823); Inaugural Address (1837); 
Judith Bensaddi, a Romance (1840); Ruffner Pam- 
phlet, an anti-slavery address (1847); and The 
Fathers of the Desert, or An Account of the Origin 
and Practice of Monkery (2 vols., 1850). Hedied 
in Malden, Va., Dec. 17, 1861. ; 

RUGER, Thomas Howard, soldier, was born 
in Lima, Livingston county, N.Y., April 2, 1833; 
son of Thomas Jefferson and Maria (Hutchins) 
Ruger ; grandson of Francis and Jane (Jewell) 
Ruger, and of Benjamin and Jerusha (Bradley) 
Hutchins. He attended school at Janesville, 
Wis., 1844-50, and was graduated from the U.S. 
Military academy as brevet 2d lieutenant of the 
corps of engineers in 1854. He was assistant en- 
gineer upon the repairs and construction of the 


[562] 











RUGER 


































_ defences of the approaches to New Orleans, La., 
— 1854-55; resigned his commission in the U.S. 
army, April 1, 1855, and practised law in Janes- 
ville, Wis., 1855-61. He was married, Oct. 6, 
| 1857, to Helen Lydia, daughter of Henry Rice 
and Eliza (Gardner) 
Moore of Beloit, Wis. 
He was appointed 
lieutenant-colonel of 
the 38d Wisconsin 
volunteers, June 29, 
1861; colonel, Sept. 
1, 1861; commanded 
his regiment in the 
, Operations in Mary- 
land and the Shenan- 
doah valley, 1861- 
62; being engaged at 
Winchester, Va.. May 
25, 1862 ; Cedar Moun- 
tain, Antietam, and 
Cs the march to Fal- 
mouth, Va., 1862. He was promoted brigadier- 
general, U.S.V., Nov. 29, 1862; commanded the 
8d brigade, 1st division, 12th army corps, Army 
of the Potomac, in the Rappahannock campaign, 
‘De eer, 1862-June, 1863, and in the Pennsyl- 
ania campaign, June-July, 1863, taking part in 
he battles of Chancellorsville, May 2-4, 1863. He 
succeeded Gen. Alpheus 8. Williams to the com- 
mand of the ist division, 12th army corps, Army 
of the Potomac, during the battle of Gettysburg, 
July 1-3, 1863 ; took part in the march to War- 
renton, Va.; wasengaged in suppressing the draft 
riots in New York city, August-September, 1863 ; 
commanded the 2d brigade, ist division, 20th 
army corps, Sherman’s army, in the invasion of 
Georgia, May 4-Noyv. 8, 1864; taking part in the 
yattles of Resaca and New Hope Church ; the ac- 
n of Kulp House and battle of Peach Tree 
ek, andin the siege and occupation of Atlanta. 
commanded a division of the 23d army corps 
ie Tennessee campaign; was brevetted 
or-general, U.S.V., Nov. 30, 1864, ‘‘ for gal- 
and meritorious services in the battle of 
clin, Tenn.;” was engaged in organizing the 
st division, 23d army corps, at Nashville, Tenn., 
864-65 ; commanded the division in the opera- 
in North Carolina, February—June, 1865, 

part in the battle of Kinston (Wise’s 
, N.C., March 10, 1865, and commanded the 
ment of North Carolina, 1865-66. He was 
orably mustered out of volunteer service, 

1, 1866, and was reappointed in the U.S. 
ny, perth the rank of colonel, apy 28, 1866. 








, Ga., 1866-67, ext was brevetted brigadier- 
l, U.S.A., March 2, 1867, for gallant and 
rious services in the battle of Gettysburg, 


1837. 


RUGGLES 


Pa. He was provisional governor of Georgia, 


January-July, 1868; was transferred to the 18th 
infantry, March 15, 1869; was superintendent of 
the U.S. Military academy, 1871-76 ; was in com- 
mand of the department of the South, 1876-78, 
and commanded posts in the south and west. 
He was in command of the U.S. Infantry and 
Cavalry school, July 1, 1885, to April 14, 1886; 
was promoted brigadier-general, March 19, 1886 ; 
was in temporary command of the department of 
the Missouri, April-May, 1886, and later com- 
manded the department of Dakota, the division 
of the Pacific and the departments of California 
and of the East. He was promoted major-gen- 
eral, Feb. 8, 1895, and was retired, April 2, 1897. 
In 1903 he was residing in Stamford, Conn. 
RUGER, William Crawiord, jurist, was born 
at Bridgewater, N.Y., Jan. 380, 1824; son of John 
and Sophia (Brown) Ruger ; grandson of Francis 
and Jane Ruger and of Olives and Desire Brown, 
and a descendant of Francis Ruger, who is sup- 
posed to have been of Holland Dutch descent, 
He attended Bridgewater academy, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1845. He was a delegate 
to the Democratic state convention, known as 
the Hunker convention, in 1849. He removed 
to Syracuse in 1853, and was married on May 2, 
1860, to Harriet, daughter of Erastus S. Prosser 
of Buffalo, N.Y. He was an unsuccessful Demo- 
cratic candidate for representative in congress in 
1863 and 1865; was a delegate to the Democratic 
national convention in 1872, that endorsed the 
nomination of Greeley and Brown, and was a dele- 
gate to the Democratic state convention of 1877. 
He was first president of the Onondaga Bar asso- 
ciation in 1875, and in 1876 was first president of 
the State Bar association. He was counsel for 
the defendants in the * canal-ring ” cases, and in 
1882 was elected chief judge of the New York 
court of appeals, which position he held until his 
death in Syracuse, N.Y., Jan. 14, 1892. 
RUGGLES, Benjamin, senator, was born in 
Windham county, Conn., 1783. He paid his 
school tuition by teaching ; was admitted to the 
bar; removed to Ohio, and began practice in 
Marietta, afterward removing to St. Clairsville. 
He served as president judge of the court of com- 
mon pleas for the third judicial circuit of Ohio, 
1810-15; was elected U.S. senator from Ohio as a 
Democrat, serving by re-election three terms, 
1815-33. and was a presidential elector-at-large 
from Ohio, voting for William H. Harrison in 
He died in St. Clairsville, O., Sept. 2, 1857. 
RUGGLES, Charles Herman, jurist, was born 
in New Milford, Conn., Feb. 10, 1789; son of 
Joseph (a Revolutionary soldier) and Mercy 
(Warner) Ruggles: grandson of Lazarus (an 
officer of the Revolutionary army) and Hannah 
(Bostwick) Ruggles, and a descendant of the 


[563] 


RUGGLES 


Rev. Benjamin and Mercy (Woodbridge) Ruggles 
of Suffield, Conn. He received a liberal educa- 
tion; studied and practised law at Kingston, 
N.Y., was a member of the state legislature in 
1820 ; arepresentative from New York in the 17th 
congress, 1821-23, and 
circuit judge and 
vice-chancellor of the 
second state judicial 
district, 1833-46. He 
resigned on account 
of ill-health in 1846, 
having meanwhile re- 
moved to Poughkeep- 
sie, N.Y. He was a 
member of the state 
constitutional —con- 
vention of 1846, serv- 
ing as chairman of 





its judiciary com- 
mittee; was judge 


of the court of ap- 
peals, 1847-53; chief justice, 1851; re-elected 
judge of the court of appeals in 1853 upon the 
expiration of his original term, and served until 
Aug. 30, 1855, when he resigned and retired to 
private life. He was married, first, to Gertrude 
Beekman of Kingston, N.Y., and secondly, in 
May, 1850, to Mary Crooke (Broom) Livingston. 
He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from 
Rutgers college, New Brunswick, N.J., 1848. He 
died in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., June 16, 1865. 
RUGGLES, Daniel, soldier, was born in Barre, 
Mass., Jan. 31, 1810. He was graduated from 
the U.S. Military academy as brevet 2nd_ lieu- 
tenant, 5th infantry, July 1, 1833, and served on 
frontier and recruiting duty, 1833-39; was pro- 
moted 2nd lieutenant, Feb. 18, 1836, and 1st 
lieutenant, July 7, 1838. Heserved inthe Florida 
war, 1839-40; on frontier and recruiting duty, 
1840-45 ; in military occupation of Texas, 1845- 
46, and in the war with Mexico, 1847-48. He 
was promoted captain of the 5th infantry, June 
18, 1846, and took part in the siege of Vera Cruz, 
capture of San Antonio, battle of Molino del Rey, 
and the assault and capture of the City of Mexico. 
He was brevetted major, Aug. 20, 1847, for gal- 
lant conduct in the battles of Contreras and 
Churubusco, Mex., and lieutenant-colonel, Sept. 
18, 1847, for Chapultepec. He was on frontier 
duty in Mississippi and Texas; served on the 
Utah expedition, 1858-59, and resigned his com- 
mission, May 7, 1861. He joined the Confederate 
army; was appointed colonel of Virginia volun- 
teers, April 22, 1861; brigadier-general, April 23, 
1861, and was appointed brigadier-general C.S.A., 
Aug. 9, 1861. He was stationed at Pensacola, 
Fla., 1861-62; commanded the 1st division, 2nd 
army corps, Army of the Mississippi, in the battle 


RUGGLES 


of Shiloh, and the 2nd division, Breckinridge’s 
force, at the battle of Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 
1862. He succeeded Breckinridge in the com- 
mand of the Confederate forces at Port Hudson, 
then engaged in erecting the works that proved 
a formidable obstacle to the Federal operations 
on the Mississippi. He was promoted major- 
general in 1863; commanded the Department of 
the Mississippi, and was commissary-general of 
prisoners in 1865. He retired to his estate near 
Palafox, Texas, after the war, and died at Fred- 
ericksburg, Va., June 1, 1897. 7 
RUGGLES, George David, soldier, was born 
at Newburgh, N.Y., Sept. 11, 1833; son of David 
and Sarah (Colden) Ruggles; grandson of Joseph 
and Mercy (Warner) Ruggles and of David and 
Gertrude (Wynkoop) Colden, and a descendant 
of colonial governors Thomas Dudley of Massa- 
chusetts, William Leete of Connecticut and Cad- 
wallader Colden of New York. His first ances- 
tor in America was John Ruggles of Nasing, 
Essex, England, who came to Roxbury, Massachu- 
setts Bay colony, 1635. George D. Ruggles was 
graduated at the U.S. Military academy, July 1, 
1855; was assigned to duty as 2d lieutenant, 
2nd infantry, and served in the Chippewa and 
Sioux Indian country. He wasadjutant of his 
regiment, 1857-61, and acting adjutant-general 
of the Department of the West, 1858. He was 
promoted 1st lieutenant, May 21, 1861, and was 
assigned to Gen. Robert Patterson’s army, in 
which he served as acting adjutant-general of 
brigade, being appointed assistant adjutant-gen- 
eral with brevet rank of captain in July, 1861. 
He was commissioned assistant adjutant-general 
with the rank of captain, Aug. 3, 1861, and as- 


_ signed to duty in the war department, charged 


with the organization of volunteer forces when 
there was little precedent of law or regulation to 
guide him in his important work. The quarter- 
masters’ and subsistence departments were not 
authorized to pay any expenses of soldiers prior 
to mustering in, which expenses had to be met by 
the several states. About the time that their 
funds were exhausted, Captain Ruggles appealed 
to congress and succeeded in obtaining an appro- — 
priation of twenty millions of dollars for ‘‘ col- 
lecting, organizing and drilling volunteers.” The 
volunteer bureau having been completely organ- 
ized under his direction, in one year after its 
conception he was assigned to duty as chief of 
staff and adjutant-general of the Army of Vir- — 
ginia, with the rank of colonel of volunteers, 
June 28, 1862, and was promoted to the rank of 
major in the regular service, July 17, 1862. He 
took part in the actions at Cedar Mountain, the 
two days’ fight on the Rappahannock, the battle 
of Waterloo Bridge, the second battle of Bull — 
Run and the battle of Chantilly. When General 


[564] 








RUGGLES 





















































McClellan took command of the army after Pope's 
disastrous campaign, Colonel Ruggles became his 
assistant chief of staff,and he served in that 
position throughout the Maryland campaign, in- 
cluding the battles of South Mountain and 
Antietam and the skirmish at Snicker’s Gap. 
Shortly after the retirement of General McClellan 
from the army, Colonel Ruggles was ordered by 
Secretary Stanton to duty in his office at Wash- 
ington. Later he assisted in organizing the con- 
scription bureau, and was in the west on special 
duty. In the winter of 1864-65, upon the applica- 
tion of General Meade, he became adjutant-gen- 
ral of the Army of the Potomac, and remained 
in that position until the disbandment of the 
army, June 30, 1865. In this last campaign, he 
was in the three days’ engagement at Hatcher's 
Run, siege of Petersburg, and the pursuit of Gen- 
ere IR. E. Lee, and was present at the surrender 
of the Army of Northern Virginia, at Appomat- 
tox. He received the brevets of lieutenant-colonel 
a BP icnel, U.S.A., March 13, 1865, for gallant 
and meritorious services during the war, of 
: adier-general, U.S.A., ‘‘ for gallant and meri- 
rious services during the campaign terminating 
with the surrender of the insurgent army of 
rc hern Virginia,” and brigadier-general of 
volunteers, April 9, 1865, for gallant and merito- 
rious services in the events leading to the sur- 
re ender of Lee’s army. For special service ren- 
Jered March 25, 1865, he received the verbal thanks 
eneral Meade and President Lincoln. After 
war, he served as adjutant-general of the 
sions of the Atlantic and the Pacific and of the 
artments of the Lakes, the East, the Platte, 
ota, Texas and California. He was married, 
n. 8, 1868, to Alma Hammond, daughter of 
hen Satterlee and Alma (Hammond) L’Hom- 
su. Of his children: Capt. Colden L’Hom- 
u was graduated at the U.S. Military 
y,an honor man in the class of 1890; 
Herman was graduated at the Rensselaer 
lytechnic institute, Troy, N.Y., in 1892; Alma 
t mond L’Hommedieu was gr pauated at Rad- 
! ‘college i in 1900; and Francis Augustus was 
ted at Sheffield Scientific school, Yale, in 
commissioned in the army as lieutenant 
y, Feb. 2, 1901, and was ordered to duty in 
lippines. General Ruggles was promoted 
nant-colonel, June 15, 1880, colonel, June 
, adjutant-general of the army with the 
of brigadier-general, Noy. 6, 1893, and was 
d by operation of law, Sept. 11, 1897. His 

tual services in the army covered, up to 
ne, a period of forty-six years. He was 
sed in 1898, by President McKinley, to the 
d of the Soldiers’ Home at Washington, 
tour of duty there expired Jan. 10, 


RUGGLES 


RUGGLES, John, senator, was born in West- 
borough, Mass., Oct. 8, 1789. He was graduated 
at Brown, 1813; taught school in Kentucky, 1813- 
14; studied law ; was admitted to the bar, and 
practised in Skowhegan, 1815-17, and in Thomas- 
ton, 1817-74. He was a member of the lower 
house of the Maine legislature, 1823-31, serving 
as speaker, 1825-29 and 1831; was judge of the 
court of common pleas, succeeding Samuel E. 
Smith, resigned, 1831-34, and U.S. senator from 
Maine, elected as a Democrat to fill the unexpired 
term of Peleg Sprague, resigned, serving from 
Feb. 6, 1835, to March 3, 1841. While in congress 
he was the originator of a reorganization of the 
patent office, and after its reorganization was 
granted the first patent, July 28, 1836, for a loco- 
motive steam engine. He died in 
Maine, June 20, 1874. 

RUGGLES, Nathaniel, representative, was born 
in Roxbury, Mass., Nov. 15, 1761; son of Capt. 
Joseph and Rebecca Ruggles. He was graduated 
from Harvard college, A.B., 1781, A.M., 1784, and 
practised law in Roxbury, where he became 
prominent in town affairs. He was appointed 
judge of the general sessions of the peace, 1807; 
chief-justice, 1808, and was a Federalist repre- 
sentative from the Norfolk district in the 13th, 
14th and 15th congresses, 1813-19. He served as 
past-master of the Washington Lodge of Free 
Masons. He died in Roxbury, Mass., Dec. 19, 1819. 

RUGGLES, Samuel Bulkley, lawyer, was born 
at New Milford, Conn., April 11, 1800; son of 
Philo and Ellen (Bulkley) Ruggles, and grandson 
of Capt. Lazarus and Hannali (Bostwick) Rug- 
gles, and of Joseph and (Hubbell) Bulkley. 
He was” graduated 
from Yale in 1814; 
studied law with his 
father ; was admitted 
to the -bar in 1821, 
and practised in New 
York city. He was 
married to Mary Ro- 


Thomaston, 





salie, daughter of 
John Rathbone of 


New York city. He '#Z 
was a member of “G77 
the assembly in 1838, 
serving as chairman 
of the committee on we On, 

ways and means; Gite BS, 
was influential in se- 

curing the enlargement of the Erie canal, being 
as prominent in that movement as DeWitt Clin- 
ton in its construction. He was a canal com- 
missioner, 1840-42 and 1858; an Erie railway 
commissioner, and a director of the road, 1883-39. 
He was a delegate from the United States to the 
International Statistical congresses held in Ber- 





(565) 


RUGGLES 


lin in 1863, and at The Hague in 1869; was U.S. 
commissioner to the Paris exposition of 1867, and 
a delegate to the International Monetary confer- 
ence at Paris in that year. He presented the 
perpetual use of Gramercy park, New York 
city, to the neighboring property-holders, having 
previously laid out and named the park. He 
was also instrumental in locating and erecting a 
fence around Union square, in front of his resi- 
dence, and he named Lexington avenue and 
Irving place. He was a trustee of the Astor 
library for many years; a trustee of Columbia 
college, 1836-81, and a member of the Chamber 
of Commerce of the State of New York. The 
honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on him 
by Yale in 1859. He is the author of: Report 
upon Finances and Internal Improvements (1888) ; 
Vindication of Canal Policy (1849); Defence of 
Improvement of Navigable Waters by the Gen- 
eral Government (1852); Law of Burial (1858); 
Report on State of Canals in 1858 (1859); Reports 
on the Statistical Congress at Berlin (1863); The 
Monetary Conference at Paris (1867); The Statis- 
tical Congress at The Hague (1871); Report to 
the Chairman of the Committee on Canals (18738); 
and A Consolidated Table of National Progress in 
Cheapening Food (1880). A memorial of Mr. 
Ruggles was printed and distributed by the Cham- 
ber of Commerce of New York in 1881. He died 
on Fire Island, L.I., N.Y., Aug. 28, 1881. 
RUGGLES, Timothy, jurist, was born in Roch- 
ester, Mass., Oct. 20, 1711; son of the Rev. Tim- 
othy and Mary (White) Ruggles; grandson of 
Capt. Samuel Ruggles of Roxbury and Martha 
Woodbridge, his wife, who was a granddaughter 
of Governor Thomas Dudley. He was graduated 
from Harvard in 1732; studied law, and estab- 
lished himself in practice in Rochester. In 1735 
he married Mrs. Bathsheba Newcomb, widow of 
William Newcomb and the daughter of the Hon. 
Melatiah Bourne of Sandwich. He removed to 
Sandwich, Mass., in 1740, and there remained, 
with increasing reputation and a constantly in- 
creasing list of clients, till 1753, when he removed 
to Hardwick. He was an impressive pleader, his 
eloquence enhanced by his majestic presence. 
His services were in constant demand in adjoin- 
ing counties, where his principal antagonist was 
Col. James Otis, then at the height of his fame. 
At the time of his settlement in Hardwick he had 
accumulated a liberal fortune, and entered upon 
a style of living commensurate with his standing 
and affluence. He was appointed judge of the 
court of common pleas in 1756, and from 1762 to 
the Revolution he was chief-justice of that court, 
and served as a special justice of the provincial 
superior court, 1762-75. He was repeatedly elect- 
ed a representative in the general court of Massa- 
chusetts, and while the armies were in winter 


[566] 


RUMFORD 


quarters was speaker of the house, 1762-63. He 
was commissioned colonel in the provincial forces 
under Sir William Johnson, and was second in 
command at the battle of Lake George in 1755, 
where he distinguished himself for courage, cool- 
ness and ability. In 1758 he commanded the 
third division of the provincial troops under 
Abercrombie in the attack on Ticonderoga. He 
served as brigadier-general under Amherst in the | 
campaign of 1759-60. In 1763 he was appointed 
by the Crown ‘‘surveyor-general of the King’s 
forests,” as a reward in a measure for his military 
services in the French and Indian war. He was 
a delegate to the first colonial (or Stamp Act) 
congress of 1765, which met in New York, 
October 7, and was elected its president, but re- 
fused to sanction the addresses sent by that body 
to Great Britain, for which he was publicly cen- 
sured by the general court of Massachusetts. He 
was led by a sense of duty ‘‘in the halls of legis- 
lature and on the platform to declare against re- 
bellion and bloodshed.” He was appointed man- 
damus councillor, Aug. 16, 1774, and in 1775 left 
Boston for Nova Scotia with the British troops 
and accompanied Lord Howe to Staten Island, 
His estates were confiscated, and in 1779 he re- 
ceived a grant of 10,000 acres of land in Wilmot, — 
Nova Scotia, where he engaged in agriculture, 
His daughter Mary married Dr. John Green of 
Green Hill, Worcester, Mass. Judge Ruggles 
died in Wilmot, Nova Scotia, Aug. 4, 1795. 7 
RULISON, Nelson Somerville, second bishop 
of Central Pennsylvania and 136th in succession 
in the American episcopate, was born in Car- 
thage, Jefferson county, N.Y., April 24, 1842. — 
He attended Wesleyan academy, Gouverneur, 
N.Y., and was graduated from the General Theo- 
logical seminary, New York city, in 1866. He 
was ordered deacon in Grace church, Utica, 
N.Y., May 27, 1866, by Bishop Coxe, and ordained 
priest in the Church of the Annunciation, New 
York city, Nov. 30, 1866, by Bishop Horatio Pot- 
ter. He was curate of the Church of the An- 
nunciation, 1866-67; rector of Zion church, 
Morris, N.Y., 1867-70; St. John’s, Jersey city, 
N.J., 1870-76, and St. Paul’s, Cleveland, Ohio, 
1876-84. He was elected bishop coadjutor of 
Central Pennsylvania in 1884, and was conse-— 
crated at St. Paul’s, Oct. 28, 1884, by Bishops 
Lee, Bedell and Stevens, assisted by Bishops — 
Howe, McLaren, Harris, Potter and Whitehead. — 
He succeeded to the bishopric on the death of 
Bishop Howe, July 31, 1895. The honorary de- 
gree of D.D. was conferred on him by Kenyon — 
college, Ohio, in 1879. He is the author of: 
History of St. Paul’s Church, Cleveland, Ohio 
(1877). He died at Bad Nauheim, Germany, 
Sept. 1, 1897. 1 
RUMFORD, Count. See Thompson, Benjamin. 


. 


ow 











~RUMPLE 









































‘R UMPLE, Jethro, clergyman, was born in 
Cabarrus county, N.C., March 10, 1827. He was 
graduated from Davidson college in 1850, and 


854-56. He was licensed by the Concord presby- 
tery, July 31, 1854, was ordained in 1857, and 
as installed in Mecklenburg county, N.C. He 
vas married, Oct. 13, 1857, to Jane E., daughter 
f Watson W. and Melinda Wharton of Greens- 
boro, N.C. In 1861 he was called to Salisbury, 
N.C., where he was still pastor of the First Pres- 
byterian church in 1903. He became trustee of 
Davidson college in 1858, and director and trustee 
of Union Theological seminary in Virginia, 1863 ; 
as elected a commissioner to several general 
mblies, and to many important positions in 
the Synod and Presbytery. In 1882 he received 
he degree D.D. from the University of North 
Carolina. He is the author of : History of Rowan 
County, N.C. (1881), and History of First Fifty 
Years of Davidson College (1888). 

RUMSEY, Benjamin, delegate, was born at 


gq 


Bohemia Manor, Cecil county, Md., 1730; son of 
illiam, and grandson of Charles Rumsey of 
es, who came to Charleston, S.C., in 1665; 
ved to New York and thence to Philadel- 
, eventually locating, prior to 1678, at the 
d of Bohemia river, Cecil county, Md. Wil- 
am Rumsey was a surveyor, collector of cus- 
toms, and a large landholder. He laid out 
Fredericktown, Md. Benjamin Rumsey was a 
nember of the Maryland convention, Dec. 29, 
775, serving on the committee that drafted in- 
tions for the deputies of the province in 
ess, and in the following January on the 
ittee appointed to draw up resolutions for 
ing, clothing, and victualing the provincial 
” He was also a member of the council 
afety, 1776, and a delegate to the Continental 
ress, 1776-78. The date of his death could 
be ascertained. 
MSEY, James, inventor, was born in Bo- 
, Manor, Cecil county, Md., in 1743 ; son of 
m, grandson of Charles, and brother of 
lin Rumsey (q.v.).. He was a civil and 
ical engineer, and became superintendent 
ill owned by the Potomac company at 
rdstown, Va., where he suggested many 
el views in mechanics. Watts’s new steam 
ne was especially interesting to Rumsey, and 
conceived the idea of having a boat propelled 
anengine. He made hisown patterns, moulds 
tings, and in 1784 exhibited a boat intended 
gating rivers, which was seen by Washing- 
, Sept. 7, 1784. He received an exclusive right to 
gate the waters of Maryland and Virginia for 
rs from the legislatures of each state, 
d 1785. He built a boat propelled by a 
mp, taking in water at the bow and 


studied at the Columbian Theological seminary, © 


RUNKLE 


forcing it out at the stern. This boat he experi- 
mented with on the Potomac in March, 1786. The 
Rumsey society was formed in Philadelphia in 
1788 to aid him in his work, and later he went to 
England, expecting to build a boat that would 
cross the Atlantic in fifteen days. A society 
similar to the Rumsey society was formed there, 
and in 1792 he navigated a steam-boat on the 
Thames, and was intending to experiment with 
more models when he died. The legislature of 
Kentucky, in acknowledgment of his contribu- 
tions to the science of steam navigation, pre- 
sented his son, Edward Rumsey, in 1839, with a 
gold medal. He is the author of : A Short Trea- 
tise on the Application of Steam (1788). He died 
in London, England, Dec. 23, 1792. 

RUNKLE, Benjamin Piatt, soldier and clergy- 
man, was born in West Liberty, Ohio, Sept. 3, 
1837 ; son of Ralph E, and Hannah Isabella (Piatt) 
Runkle ; grandson of Jacob and Euphemia Run- 
kle and of Benjamin Marshall and Elizabeth 
(Barnett) Piatt, anda descendant of Adam Run- 
kle, who was descended from the Lords of Run- 
kel of Hesse Nassau, Germany, and of Col. Jacob 
Piatt of the Continental army, who was a de- 
scendant of John Piatt, a Huguenot emigrant. 
He was graduated at Miami university, Oxford, 
Ohio, A.B., 1857; was_admitted to the bar in 
1859, and practised law in Cincinnati, 1859-61. 
He was commissioned captain, 13th Ohio volun- 
teers, April 19, 1861; was promoted major, Nov. 
8, 1861; honorably mustered out, Aug. 18, 1862; 
commissioned colonel, 45th Ohio volunteers, Aug. 
19, 1862, and again honorably mustered out, July 
21, 1864. He served in the West Virginia cam- 
paign, 1861, under Rosecrans ; in the Shiloh cam- 
paign under Buell (in which he was severely 
wounded and left for dead on the field), in the 
campaigns in Kentucky and Tennessee under 
Gilmore and Burnside, and in the Atlanta cam- 
paign under Schofield and Sherman. He was 
commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the veteran 
reserve corps, Aug. 22, 1864; was commissioned 
major 45th infantry, U.S.A., July 28, 1866; was 
honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, 
Oct. 5, 1866, and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, 
U.S.A., for gallant and meritorious services in 
the battle of Shiloh, March 2, 1867, and on the 
same day was brevetted colonel for gallant and 
meritorious services during the war. He was 
brevetted colonel, brigadier-general and major- 
general for meritorious services, Noy. 8, 1868, 
and was retired, Dec. 15, 1870, because of wounds 
received in duty. He was editor of the Urbana, 
Ohio, Union, 1873-75 ; attended Bexley Hall, the 
theological seminary of Kenyon college at Gam- 
bier, Ohio, 1879-80; was professor of military 
science and tactics in Milner Hall, Kenyon col- 
lege, 1879-80, and was admitted to the diaconate 


a [567] 





RUNKLE 


of the Protestant Episcopal church in 1880 ; serv- 
ing in parishes in Galena, Ohio, Midland, Mich., 
Minneapolis, Minn., and Greencastle, Ind., 1880- 
85. In 1888 he became manager of Belford’s 
Magazine. He was married, Feb. 10, 1894, to 
Lalla Leins, daughter of Andrew and Anna 
R. Trimble (McDowell) McMicken and grand- 
daughter of Gen. Joseph J. and Sallie Allen 
(McCue) McDowell. In 1895 he resigned the 
diaconate. He was professor of military science 
and tactics in Miami university, 1900-01; in Uni- 
versity of Maine, 1901-02, and in 1902 accepted 
a like position in Peekskill Military academy. 
He was a founder of the Sigma Chi fraternity, 
of which he was grand counsel, 1895-97 ; a trustee 
of Miami university, 1863-72, and received the 
degree of L.H.D. from Miami in 1900, 

RUNKLE, Bertha, author, was born in Berke- 
ley Heights, N.J., in March, 1879; daughter of 
Cornelius and Lucia (Gilbert) Runkle; grand- 
daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Gordon) Runkle 
and of Arad and Mary (Fowler) Gilbert, and a 
descendant of Peregrine White, of Major John 
Willard, of Gen. Zephaniah Curtis, of Vermont, 
and of along line of Revolutionary ancestors. She 
attended private schools in New York, 1885-94, 
continuing her studies, especially of history, lit- 
erature, and languages with her mother, and 
with private tutors. She wrote some verse which 
attracted attention, her Song of the Sons of Esau 
being included in Charles Dudley Warner’s ‘‘ Li- 
brary of American Literature” and in E, C. Sted- 
man’s ‘‘ American Anthology.” Miss Runkle is 
the author of one or two magazine stories and of 
The Helmet of Navarre (1901), a novel, which 
had a remarkable sale. 

RUNKLE, John Daniel, mathematician, was 
born at Root, Montgomery county, N.Y., Oct. 11, 
1822; son of Daniel and Sarah (Gordon) Runkle. 
He attended the 
public schools and 
academies at Cana- 
joharie, Ames and 
Cortland, N.Y., and 
was graduated at the 
Lawrence Scientific 
school, Harvard uni- 
versity, in 1851. He 
was employed on the 
American Ephemeris 
“\ and Nautical Alma- 
“nae, 1849-84. He was 
‘married, April 19, 
1862, to Catharine 
Robbins, daughter of 
William and Lucy 
(Taylor) Bird of Dorchester, Mass. Upon the 
opening of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
nology in 1865, he was made professor of math- 





RUNYON 


ematics, and in 1868, when illness obliged Pres- 
ident Rogers to resign, Professor Runkle was 
made acting president of the corporation, and in 
1870 became president of the Institute. He im- 
proved the laboratory work in all branches, and 
in 1871 held the first summer school of mining. 
He established the Lowell school of practical 
design, laboratories of mining engineering, met- 
allurgy, mechanical engineering and mechanic 
arts, and a preparatory school of mechanic arts, 
which latter was transferred to the city of Bos- 
ton. He resigned the presidency of the Institute 
in 1878; travelled abroad, 1878-80, and was 
Walker professor of mathematics, 1880-1902, and 
professor emeritus until his death. He resided in 
Brookline, Mass., and in recognition of the part 
he took in introducing manual training in that 
town, one of the grammar schools was given his 
name. He was elected a fellow of the American 
Academy of Artsand Sciences. He received from 
Harvard the honorary degree of A.M. in 1851; 
from Hamilton that of Ph.D. in 1869, and from 
Wesleyan that of LL.D. in 1871. He founded and 
edited the Mathematical Monthly, 1858-61, and 
wrote: New Tables for Determining the Values of 
Coefficients in the Perturbative Function of Plan- 
etary Motion (1855); Manual Element in Educa- 
tion (1876); Report on Industrial Education 
(1883), and Analytic Geometry (1888). He died 
at Southwest Harbor, Maine, July 8, 1902. 
RUNNELS, Hardin R., governor of Texas, was 
born in Mississippi. In 1841 he removed to Bowie 
county, Texas, where he started a cotton planta- 
tion. He represented his county in the state 
legislature, 1847-55, being speaker of the house, 
1853-54; was re-elected to 
the legislature in 1855, and 
owing to a strong Know- 
nothing agitation, was on 
short notice elected lieuten- 
ant-governor in the same 
year. He declined his seat 
in the legislature, served as 
lieutenant-governor, and in 1857 defeated Sam 
Houston forthe governorship by a large majority. 
He was defeated by General Houston in 1859, and 





served in the secession convention of 1861 and 


the constitutional convention of 1866. He died 

in Bowie county, Texas, in 1873. ° 
RUNYON, Theodore, jurist, was born at 

Somerville, N.J., Oct. 25, 1822; son of Abraham 


(1801-1892) and Mary (Runyan) Runyon ; grand- _ 


son of Ephraim (1769-1856) and _ Elizabeth 
(Coriell) (1770-1860) Runyon; great-grandson of 
John (1743-1792) and Violet (Layton) (1743-1782) 
Runyon ; great-2grandson of Reune (1707-1776) 
and Rachel (Drake) (1711-1784) Runyon ; great®- 


grandson of Vincent and Mary Ronnion and 


great*-grandson of Vincent Rongnion,a Huguenot, 


[568] 







































RUPP 


who emigrated from Poiters, France, and was 
married in the Province of New Jersey, July 17, 
1668, to Ann, daughter of John Boutcher of Hart- 
fordshire, England. Theodore Runyon was 
mee oated from Yale in 1842; was admitted to 
the bar in 1846, and 
began practice in 
Newark, N.J. He 
was city attorney, 
1853-56 ; city counsel, 
1856 ; and in 1861 was 
a presidential elector 
on the Douglas and 
Johnson ticket. He 
was brigadier-general 
of the state militia, 
1857-69; was mus- 
tered into the U.S. 
service as_ brigadier- 
general of volunteers 
in 1861, and assigned 
to the command of 
the fourth division of the Army of Northeast- 
ern Virginia. His troops built Fort Runyon, 
but did not leave Washington, D.C. In Au- 
gust, 1861, he resigned his commission; was 
4 ecny brevetted major-general of the 
jate militia, and promoted to that rank in 1869. 
He was married Jan. 21, 1864, to Clementine, 
d daughter of William D. and Sarah (Ostrander) 
Bruen of New York. He was elected mayor of 
Newark, N.J., in 1864, and in 1865 was the un- 
successful Democratic candidate for governor. 
He was chancellor of New Jersey, 1873-87; 
aay law for six years; was appointed U.S. 
minister to Germany in 1893 to succeed William 
Valter Phelps ; and was advanced to the position 
f ambassador extraordinary and minister pleni- 
potentiary in 1894, He received the honorary 
degree of A.M. from Yale in 1862, and that of 
4L.D. from Rutgers in 1875, from Wesleyan, 
and from Yale, 1882. He died in Berlin, 
many, Jan. 27, 1896. 
RUPP, Israel Daniel, historian, was born in 
berland county, Pa., July 10, 1808. His boy- 
was spent upon a farm, and he was mainly 
ucated, early evincing a remarkable talent 
or languages. He became a school teacher, and 
rom 1827 devoted himself to the collecting of 
Storical materials, principally for his ‘‘ History 
the Germans of Philadelphia,” which was in- 
plete and unpublished at the time of his 
Tn addition to his numerous translations 
his county histories of Pennsylvania, he is 
hor of : Geographical Catechisms of Penn- 
ia (1836); Events in Indian History (1842); 
of the Religious Denominations of the 
l States (1844); Collection of Names of 
y Thousand German and Other Immigrants 


RUSBY 


to Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776 (1856), and 
Genealogy of the Descendants of John Jonas Rupp 
(1874). He died in Philadelphia, May 31, 1878. 
RUPPERT, Jacob, Jr., representative, was born 
in New York city, Aug. 5, 1867 ; son of Jacob and 
Anna (Gillig) Ruppert, natives of New York city ; 
grandson of Franz and Wilhelmina (Zindel) Rup- 
pert, and of George and Anna (Dorn) Gillig of 
Germany. He attended the Columbia grammar 
school, and engaged in business as a brewer in 
New York city. He was a member of the 7th 
regiment, N.G.S.N.Y.; was appointed aide-de- 
camp with the rank of colonel on the staff of 
Governor Hill, and later served as senior aide on 
the staff of Governor Flower. He wasa Democratic 
representative from the fifteenth congressional 
district of New York in the 56th-57th congresses, 
1899-1903, and from the sixteenth district in the 
58th congress, 1903-05, serving on the committees 
on militia, and immigration and naturalization. 
RUSBY, Henry Hurd, botanist, was born in 
Franklin, N.J., April 26, 1855; son of John and 
Abigail (Holmes) Rusby, and grandson of Leon- 
ard and Elizabeth (Redman) Rusby and of 
Hugh and Eliza (Dow) Holmes. He attended the 
state normal school at Westfield, Mass., 1872-74, 
and the Centenary Collegiate institute, Hacketts- 
town, N.J., in 1875; taught school for several 
years, and was graduated from the University of 
the City of New York, M.D., 1884, being awarded 
a medal by the Centennial exhibition in 1876 for 
a herbarium of the plants of Essex county, N.J. As 
agent for the Smithsonian Institution, he made 
botanical explorations in New Mexico and Ari- 
zona, 1880-81, and again in 1883, and in 1885 he 
started on an exploring tour in the interest of 
medical botany in South America, crossing the 
continent, discovering several hundred new 
species and genera of plantsand birds, and return- 
ing in 1887. On Oct. 5, 1887, he was married to 
Margaretta Saunier, daughter of Samuel and 
Eliza (Saunier) Hanna of Franklin, N.J., and a 
descendant of Pierre Paul Saunier, associate of 
the botanist Michaux, and who inherited Mi- 
chaux’s American estate. He was made profes- 
sor of botany, physiology and materia medica in 
the New York College of Pharmacy in 1888. In 
1897 he became professor of materia medica in 
the Bellevue Hospital Medical college, and was 
retained when that college and the University 
Medical college consolidated as the University 
and Bellevue Hospital Medical college. In 1893 
he explored along the lower Orinocoriver. He was 
a member of the committee for the seventh and 
eighth decennial revision of the U.S, Pharmaco- 
poeta (1893 and 1903), and chairman of the commis- 
sion of the Pan-American Medical congress for the 
study of the American medicinal flora, He was 
elected.a corresponding member of the Pharma- 


[569] 


RUSCHENBERGER 


ceutical Society of Great Britain in 1894, and an 
honorary member of the Institute Medico Na- 
cional of Mexico in 1897. He was influential in 
securing the establishment of the New York 
Botanical garden, and was made a member of its 
board of managers and one of its scientific di- 
rectors. He was vice-president of the Torrey 
Botanical club in 1903. He is the author of: 
Essentials of Pharmacognosy (1895); Morphology 
and Histology of Plants (1899); Materia Medica 
of Buck’s Reference Handbook of the Medical 
Sciences (8 vols., beginning in 1899); Coca at 
Home and Abroad (1888); five pamphlets on the 
flora of Bolivia (1893-1901); History of the New 
York College of Pharmacy (1895). 
RUSCHENBERGER, William S. W., naval 
surgeon, was born in Cumberland county, N.J., 
Sept. 4, 1807. He attended the schools of Phila- 
delphia and New York city, and was appointed 
surgeon’s mate in the U.S. navy, Aug. 10, 1826. 
He was graduated from the University of Penn- 
sylvania, M.D., 1830; was promoted surgeon, 
Aug. 4, 1831; was fleet surgeon in the East India 
squadron, 1835-37; was attached to the naval 
rendezvous at Philadelphia, 1840-42, and served 
in the naval hospital, Brooklyn, 1843-47, where he 
established the laboratory for supplying unadulter- 
ated drugs to the service. He was fleet surgeon 
of the East India squadron, 1847-50; of the Pa- 
cific squadron, 1854-57, andof the Mediterranean 
squadron, 1860-61. In 1861 he was appointed 
surgeon of the Boston Navy yard, and served 
throughout the war; was on special service in 
Philadelphia, 1865-70 ; was senior officer of the 
medical corps, 1866-69, and was retired, Sept. 4, 
1869. He was commissioned medical director on 
the retired list, March 8, 1871; was president of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- 


delphia, 1870-82, and president of the Col- 
lege of Physicians of Philadelphia, 1879-83. 
He edited the American edition of Mrs. 


Somerville’s ‘‘ Physical Geography” (1850), and 
is the author of: Three Years in the Pa- 
cific (1834); A Voyage Round the World, 1835- 
387 (1838); Elements of Natural History (2 vols., 
1850); A Lexicon of Terms used in Natural His- 
tory (1850); A Notice of the Origin, Progress and 
Present Condition of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia (1852); Notes and Com- 
mentaries During Voyages to Brazil and China, 
1848 (1854), and. numerous articles on naval rank 
and organization, 1845-50. He died in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., March 24, 1895. 

RUSH, Benjamin, signer, was born near Po- 
quessing Creek, Pa., in 1741; son of John and 
Susan Hall (Harvey) Rush; grandson of James 
and Rachel (Peart) Rush, and of Joseph Hall of 
Tacony, Pa.; great-grandson of William Rush, 
who came to America in 1683, and of Bryan Peart 


[570] 





RUSH 


of Poquessing Creek ; and great?-grandson of John 
Rush, who commanded a troop of horse under 
Cromwell, became a Quaker at the close of the — 
war in 1660, married Susanna Lucas, and in 1683 
emigrated to Pennsylvania, settling at Byberry, 
near Philadelphia, where he died in May, 1699, — 
Upon the death of his father in 1752, Benjamin — 
Rush was left to the care of his uncle, Samuel — 
Finley (q.v.), by whom he was prepared for college 
in his Nottingham, Md., classicalschool. He was 
graduated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 
1760, A.M., 1763 ; studied medicine under Dr. John } 
Redman of Philadelphia, and was graduated from 
the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, M.D., 1768, 
He spent a year hearing medical lectures in 
London and Paris, and returning to Philadelphia — 
in 1769, was professor of chemistry in the Phila- — 
delphia Medical college. He was a member of 
the provisional conference of Pennsylvania, and 
chairman of the committee appointed to report to 
congress ‘** that it was expedient to declare inde- 
pendence.” He was surgeon to the Pennsylvania 
navy, 1775-76, and signed the Declaration of In-— 
dependence of July 4, 1776. He was married in 
1776 to Julia, daughter of Richard Stockton, and _ 
their son, Dr. William Rush (1801-64) married 
Elizabeth Fox, daughter of Hugh Roberts of 
Philadelphia county. Benjamin Rush was ap- 
pointed surgeon-general of the middle depart- 
ment of the Continental army in April, 1777, be- 
coming physician-general in July, 1777. He was 
in attendance on the army at the battles of Tren- 
ton, Princeton, Brandywine and Germantown, 
and during the winter at Valley Forge. He re- 
signed his office in February, 1778, and returned 
to Philadelphia, where he resumed his practice 
and professorship. He was surgeon to the Penn- 
sylvania hospital, 1784-1813; port physician of 
Philadelphia, 1790-93, and in an address to the 
legislature of Pennsylvania in 1786 favored the 
establishment of a system of free schools, one a 
least in every township, three colleges, one at 
Carlisle, one at Lancaster, and one at Philadel- 
phia, ‘‘the university to furnish masters for the 
colleges, and the colleges to furnish masters for 
the free schools.” This led to the establishment 
of Dickinson college, char- 
tered in 1783, of which he was 
the acknowledged founder. , 
He was also the founder of #9 
the Philadelphia dispensary, 
and a censor of the College of 
Physicians. He was a mem- 
ber of the state convention 
that ratified the constitution of the United States — 
in 1787, and a member of the committee that — 
formed the state constitution the same year. He 
was professor of the theory and practice of med 
cine at the medical department of the University 


































ve 


a@ 






































jee RUSH ‘ 

of Pennsylvania, 1789-91; professor of clinical 
practice, 1797-1813, and professor of clinical prac- 
tice and the practice of physic, 1797-1813. He was 
treasurer of the U.S, mint, 1799-1813 ; succeeded 
Benjamin Franklin as president of the Pennsyl- 
vania Society for the Abolition of Slavery ; was 
president of the Philadelphia Medical society ; 
vice-president and founder of the Philadelphia 
Bible society, and an originator of the American 
J Philosophical society, and vice-president, 1800. 


him by Yale in 1812. He isthe author of: Medi- 
cal Inquiries and Observations (5 vols., 1789-98); 
Essays on the Mode of Education Proper to a Re- 
public (1786); Account of the Philadelphia Society 
he Establishment of Charity Schools (1796): 
ys, Literary, Moral and Philosophical (1798, 
d ed., 1806); Sixteen Introductory Lectures 
(1811);Diseases of the Mind (1812, 5th ed., 1835), 
and of many essays on slavery, temperance and 
ical topics. In the selection of names for 
he Hall of Fame for Great Americans, New York 
university, in October, 1900, his name, in Class 
L, Physicians and Surgeons, received forty-two 
s, the highest number in the class, in which 
no name secured a place, fifty-one votes being 
necessary to place the name in the Hall. He 
died in Philadelphia, Pa., April 19, 1813. 
RUSH, Christopher, A.M.E.Z. bishop, was 
re rn in:Craven county, N.C., in 1777,a slave of 
e African descent. He was taken to New 
rk in 1798; was afterward emancipated, and 
sed to preach by the M.E. church, 1815. He 
ne of the principal organizers of the African 


in 1820, and was elected a bishop of that 
h in 1828, and each successive fourth year 
after up to the time of his death. He pub- 
I: History of the African Methodist Episcopal 
Church in the United States. He diedin New 


actised Jaw in Philadelphia; was a 
f the supreme court ; judge of the court 
and appeals, 1784-1806, and president of 
y court of common pleas, 1806-20. He 
Benedict Arnold against the charges of 
sph Reed in 1779. The honorary degree 
-was conferred on him by the College of 
ey in 1804. He is the author of : Resolve in 
ee Chamber, Dec. 6, 1774 (1774); Charges 
‘and Religious Subjects (1803); Character 
t (1806), and Christian Baptism (1819). 
ied to a Miss Rench. He died in 
Pa., Jan. 5, 1820. 


The honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on. 


RUSH 


RUSH, James, physician, was born in Philadel. 
phia, Pa., March 1, 1786; son of Benjamin (q.v.) and 
Julia (Stockton) Rush. He was graduated from 
the College of New Jersey, A.B., 1805, A.M., 
1808, and from the University of Pennsylvania, 
M.D., 1809. He studied in Edinburgh, and estab- 
lished himself in practice in Philadelphia. He 
was professor of the theory and practice of 
medicine at the Jefferson Medical college, Pa., 
and later engaged in scientific and literary pur- 
suits. He was married to Phoebe Ann Ridgeway 
(1797-1897), an heiress of Philadelphia. He be- 
queathed $1,000,000 to the Philadelphia library 
company to erect the Ridgeway branch, on the 
unique condition that a reissue of his publications 
be sold at cost five times within the succeeding 
fifty years, and that the library should exclude 
all newspapers. He is the author of : Philosophy 
of the Human Voice (1827); Hamlet, a Dramatic 
Prelude in Five Acts (1834); Analysis of the 
Human Intellect (2 vols., 1865), and Rhymes of 
Contrast on Wisdom and Folly (1869). He died 
in Philadelphia, Pa., May 26, 1869. 

RUSH, Richard, cabinet officer, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 29, 1780; son of Ben- 
jamin (q.v.) and Julia (Stockton) Rush, and 
grandson of Richard Stockton, the signer. He 
was graduated from the College of New Jersey, 
A.B., 1797, A.M., 1800; studied law under Wil- 
liam Lewis; was admitted to the bar in December, 
1800, and established himself in practice in Phil- 
adelphia. He was married in 1809, to Catherine 
Eliza, daughter of Dr. James Murray of Anna- 
polis, Md. He was solicitor of the guardians of 
the poor in 1810, and attorney-general of the 
state in 1811; comptroller of the treasury in 
November, 1811, and U.S. attorney-general, 1814- 
17. He served as secretary of state in 1817 prior 
to the arrival of Secretary John Quincy Adams 
from England, and was appointed U.S. minister 
plenipotentiary to England in 1817, serving till 
1825, and negotiating several important treaties. 
He was appointed secretary of the treasury by 
President Adams in 1825, and was a candidate 
for Vice-President in 1828. He was a commis- 
sioner to adjust the boundary between Ohio and 
Michigan in 1835; a commissioner sent to Eng- 
land to obtain the legacy left by James Smithson 
(q.v.) to found the Smithsonian Institution, and 
returned with the full amount $508,518.46 in 
August, 1838. He was U.S. minister plenipoten- 
tiary to France, 1847-51, and, acting under in- 
structions from the U.S. government, was the 
first of the foreign ministers to recognize the 
new republic in 1848. He was a fellow of the 
American Philosophical society ; a regent of the 
Smithsonian Institution, and is the author of: 
Yodification of the Laws of the United States 
(5 vols., 1815); Narrative of a Residence at the 


[571] 


RUSH 


Court of London (Vol. I. from 1817 till 1825, 
1833 ; Vol. IL. from 1819-1825, 1845); Washington 
in Domestic Life (1857); Occasional Productions, 
Political, Diplomatic and Miscellaneous, inelud- 
ing @ Glance at the Court of Louis Philippe and 
the French Revolution of 1848 (1860). He died 
in Philadelphia, Pa., July 380, 1859. 

RUSH, William, sculptor, was born in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., July 4, 1756. Heserved an appren- 
ticeship to Edward Cutbush, a wood-carver, and 
became proficient in the art. He served in the 
patriot army during.the Revolutionary war, and 
as a member of the city council for several years. 
He made a specialty of figure-heads for ships, 
and modelled many figures and portrait-busts in 
clay. Among his ship carvings are: ‘‘ Genius of 
the United States” for the frigate United States ; 
‘‘Nature” for the frigate Constellation ; ‘‘ The 
Indian Trader” for the ship William Penn ; ‘‘ The 
River God” for the ship Ganges, and busts and 
figures of Voltaire, Rousseau, Franklin and Penn 
for various vessels. Among his statues are: 
Exhortation ; Praise; Cherubim ; Winter ; Agvri- 
culture, and Christ on the Cross. His statue of 
Washington (1814) was purchased by the city of 
Philadelphia. His portrait-busts inciude that of 
General Lafayette (1824). He died in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., Jan. 17, 1833. 

RUSK, Harry Welles, representative, was 
born at Baltimore, Md., Oct. 17, 1852; son of 
Jacob K. and Catharine Olivia (Lane) Rusk; 
grandson of George and Mary (Krebs) Rusk and 
of Samuel and Martha (Ryan) Lane, and a de- 
scendant of David Rusk, who was a member of 
Captain Cox’s voluntary company of Maryland, 
who served during the American Revolution. He 
was graduated at Baltimore City college, A.B., 
1866, and at Maryland University Law school, 
LL.B., 1872. He was a member of the Maryland 
house of delegates, 1876-78, and 1880-81 and of 
the state senate, 1884-86. He was married, Dec. 
16, 1880, to Belle W., daughter of John Q. and 
Elizabeth (Morrow) Adams of Baltimore, Md. 
He was elected a representative from the third 
Maryland district to the 49th congress to fill the 
unexpired term of William H. Cole, deceased, 
and was re-elected to the 50th-54th congresses, 
1887-97, serving as chairman of the committee 
on accounts during the last session of the 54th 
congress. 

RUSK, Jeremiah McLain, cabinet officer, was 
born in Morgan county, Ohio, June 17, 18380; son 
of Daniel and Jane (Fakner) Rusk. He attended 
the common schools, and after his father’s death 
in 1845, began driving a stage between Zanesville 
and Newark, Ohio. He moved to Bad Axe, Wis., 
in 18538, where he became a farmer, and continued 
his business as a stage-driver. He was chosen 
sheriff in 1855, coroner in 1857, and was a member 


[572] 


RUSK 








































of the state assembly, 1862. He was commis-— 
sioned major of the 25th Wisconsin volunteers, 
Sept. 14, 1862, and after some service against the 
Indians in Minnesota, took part in the sieze of 
Vicksburg. He succeeded to the command of © 
the regiment, and in 1864 participated in Sher- 
man’s excursion to Meridian, Miss., marched to 
Atlanta in the 2d brigade, 4th division, 16th 
corps, under General Dodge, Army of the Ten- — 
nessee, and when Hood attacked McPherson at_ 
Atlanta, Rusk was on the right of the line, and 
in that engagement lost heavily. On the march 
from Atlanta, he was in the 2d brigade, 1st divi- 
sion, 17th corps; was mustered out in June, 1565, 
and later was brevetted brigadier-general of 
volunteers for bravery at Salkahatchie, where he 
led the attacking column. He was state bank 
comptroller of Wisconsin, 1866-70, and was Repub- 
lican representative from the seventh district 
of Wisconsin in the 42d, 43d and 44th congresses, 
1871-77, being chairman of the committee on 
invalid pensions during the 43d congress. Dur- 
ing the administration of President Garfield, he 
declined appointments as U.S. minister to Para- 
guay and Uruguay. He was 
governor of Wisconsin, 1882- 
89, and was a candidate for 
the Republican presidential 
nomination in the national 
convention of 1888. In 1889 
he was appointed secretary 
of agriculture in President 
Harrison’s cabinet, a position he held until the 
close of the administration. He was married in 
1849, to Mary Martin, who died in 1858; and 
secondly, to Elizabeth Johnson, who survived 
him. He died in Viroqua, Wis., Nov. 21, 1893. 
RUSK, Thomas Jefferson, senator, was bornin 
Camden, Pendleton district, S.C., Dec. 5, 1808, of 
Irish descent, his father being a stone mason. He 
was educated under the direction and personal 
instruction of John C. Calhoun: was admitted to 
the bar, and began practice in Georgia, where he 
married a granddaughter of Gen. Ben Cleveland, 
(q.v.), removing to Nacogdoches, Texas, early 
in 1835. He was a member of the convention 
that declared Texas an independent republic, 
March 2, 1886, anda signer of its declaration; 
was first secretary of war of the republic; served 
with distinction as adjutant-general in the battle 
of San Jacinto, April 21, 1836, and was appointed 
brigadier-general in command of the army, May 
5, 1836, during General Sam Houston’s absence, 
Colonel M. B. Lamar succeeding him as secre 
tary of war. General Rusk ratified and signed 
the treaty with Filisola, May 25, 1886, and to him 
belongs the honor of sparing the lives of Santa 
Anna and his chief lieutenant. He waselected a 
delegate to the convention at Washington, D.C., 


RUSS 









































and by that convention again appointed secretary 
of war in November, 1836, resigning after a 
short time ; was in command of various expedi- 
tions against the Indians; a member of the 
Texan legislature, and chief-justice of the su- 
preme court, 1838-42. He was elected major- 
general of militia, 1848; was a delegate to and 
president of the convention that effected the 
annexation of Texas to the United States, Dec. 
), 1845, and in the same year elected a U.S. 
senator. He took his seat, March 6, 1846, and 
served by two re-elections until his death by his 
own hand during a temporary condition of in- 
sanity, caused by the loss of his wife. While in 
the senate he was chairman of the committee on 
post-offices and post-roads, and was elected pres- 
ident pro tempore of the senate, March 14, 1857, 
in special session. He was succeeded as senator 
by James Pinckney Henderson, who took his 
seat, March 1, 1858, died the following June 4, 
and was succeeded by Matthias Ward, who in 
turn was succeeded, Jan. 4, 1860, by Lewis T. 
Wigfall, elected by the legislature to complete 
the term, March 3, 18638. Senator Wigfall left 
1e senate to join the Confederate government, 
n after taking his seat. Senator Rusk died at 
cogdoches, Tex., July 29, 1857. 
RUSS, John Denison, humanitarian, was born 
1ebacco (Essex), Mass., Sept. 1, 1801; son of 
Parker and Elizabeth (Cogsweil) Russ; 
ndson of Jonathan (q.v.) and Elizabeth (Wise) 
Sogswell; great?-grandson of the Rev. John 
Wise (q.v.), and a descendant of John Leverett 
(q.v.), educator. Dr. Parker Russ died when his 
on was a few years old, leaving hima considerable 
une, and his wife married, secondly, the Rev. 
1 Park, and removed to Preston, Conn. John 
Russ was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1823, 
., 1825, meanwhile studying medicine at 
jowdoin college, and in Baltimore, Md., and 
ston, Mass. He practised in the hospitals in 
don and on the continent, 1826, and estab- 
d himself in New York city on his return, 
e, 1827, he was appointed to take charge 
e brig Statesman, sailing from Boston, and 
ited with medical and other stores for the 
ing Greek patriots. He remained in Greece 
years; founded a hospital at Poros, and 
ed a still larger one at Hexamelia, 
us of Corinth, but illness compelled him to 
he completion of the work to others. As 
t of his labors in support of the independ- 
the Greeks, the Turks placed a price of 
: ae on his head. He returned to the 
hited States in 1830, visiting Malta, Sicily, Italy, 
France, en route. During the subsequent 
ra epidemic in New York city he was as- 
physician at the hospital at Corlear’s 
.J.; was secretary of the contemplated 


RUSSELL 


asylum for the blind in New York city, for which 
a charter had been obtained in 1829, and in order 
to excite an interest in the proposed organiza- 
tion, successfully commenced the instruction of 
three blind boys from the Alms House, the first 
attempt of the kind in the United States. He 
was soon after invited to organize the Institution 
for the Blind in Boston, but declined, devoting 
himself gratuitously to the work already under- 
taken, and inventing, in 1832, a better style of 
maps than those in use in European schools and 
a new phonetic alphabet of raised characters. 
His various inventions and improvements in the 
system then existing for the education of the 
blind came into universal use. He resigned the 
superintendency, and on his return from a third 
voyage to Europe, devoted his energies to the 
improvement of prison discipline, the amelior- 
ation of prisoners and the support of convicts 
after their discharge. He assisted in the organ- 
ization of the New York Prison association, 1843, 
serving as its corresponding secretary for many 
years, and subsequently as vice-president ; was 
also instrumental in establishing the board of 
Ten Governors for oversight of the penitentiary 
and workhouse on Blackwell's Island; was a 
member of the board of education of New York 
city, 1848-51, and promoter of The Juvenile asy- 
lum, its secretary, and superintendent, 1851-58. 
He was married, first, in 1830, toan English lady, 
a widow, who died in 1860; and secondly, in 
April, 1872, to Elsie, daughter of James Birdsell 
of Ohio. Dr. Russ died at Hillside Cottage, 
Pompton, N.J., March 1, 1881. 

RUSSELL, Addison Peale, author, was born 
at Wilmington, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1826 ; son of Charles 
and Mary (McNabb) Russell; grandson of Wil- 
liam and Jane (Sewell) Russell, and of John and 
Catharine (Warnock) McNabb. His grandfather, 
William Russell, was a soldier of the American 
Revolution. His early education was limited to 
attendance at the common schools of his native 
village, and apprenticeship to a printer in the 
office of the Gazette at Zanesville, Ohio, 1842-45. 
In 1845 he became editor and publisher of the 
News, a Whig journal issued from Hillsborough, 
Ohio, and in 1847 he removed to Lebanon, Ohio, 
where he was connected with the Western Star, 
1847-50. He was clerk of the Ohio senate in 
1850; an editor and half owner of the Clinton 
Republican, Wilmington, 1852-62 ; representative 
in the state legislature, 1856-58; secretary of 
state, 1858-62, and financial agent for the state 
in New York city, 1862-68, Later he became a 
member of the Authors club, and received the 
degree of Litt. Doc. from Ohio university at 
Athens in 1898. He was unmarried. He is the 
author of : Half Tints; Table D’Héte and Draw- 
ing-Room (1867); Library Notes (1875; rev. ed., 


RUSSELL 


1879); Thomas Corwin: A Sketch (1831); Charac- 
teristics (1884) ; A Club of One (1887); In a Club 
Corner (1890), and Sub-Celum: A Sky-Built 
Human World (1893). 

RUSSELL, Benjamin, journalist, was born in 
Boston, Mass., Sept. 13, 1761; son of John Rus- 
sell. In August, 1775, he was apprenticed to 
Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, publisher of the 
Massachusetts Spy, and in 1780 he substituted in 
the Continental army for his employer, who had 
been drafted. He joined thearmy at West Point, 
and was one of the guard at the execution of 
Major André. At the expiration of his service he 
returned to Worcester, was released from his in- 
denture, andin March 24, 1784, with William War- 
den, began publishing the Massachusetts Centinel. 
In 1785 he became sole owner and editor, changed 
the name of the paper to the Columbian Centinel, 
and continued to edit and publish it for forty- 
four years. During the crisis that followed the 
treaty of Versailles, and through the trying times 
of Shays’s rebellion, when other papers were 
stirring up sedition, Russell stood for nationalism, 
and gave the administration of Washington his 
unlimited support. He made a specialty of local 
news, which he gathered on street-corners and 
in public meetings, and to procure foreign news 
he visited every vessel that came to Boston. 
During the exile of: Louis Philippe and other 
noblemen to this country, Mr. Russell made life- 
long friendships. He received an atlas from 
Louis Philippe, which later proved a great aid 
when he was editing the war news from Europe. 
In 1795 he started the Boston Gazette. He retired 
from the Centinel in 1828 and from the Gazette in 
1830. The Centinel is considered the best type 
of the early political newspaper of the United 
States. The most eminent Federalist statesmen 
and writers contributed to its columns and 
it wielded no little influence in the early his- 
tory of New England. It was united with the 
New England Paladium in 1830 and with the 
Boston Gazette in 1836. In 1840 it became 
merged inthe Daily Advertiser. Mr. Russell was 
a member of the state senate, of the governor's 
council, and of the constitutional convention of 
1820. He published all the laws and _ official 
documents of the first congress, 1789-91, intend- 
ing that the work should be gratuitous, but a few 
years later, whea the treasury could afford to 
pay, he was presented with $7,000. He died in 
Boston, Mass., Jan. 4, 1845. 

RUSSELL, Charles Addison, representative, 
was born in Worcester, Mass., March 2, 1852 ; son 
of Isaiah Dunster and Nancy (Wentworth) Rus- 
sell; grandson of Moses and Betsy (Dunster) 
Russell, and of Jason and Mary (Meriam) Russell, 
and a descendant of Henry Dunster (q.v.), first 
president of Harvard college. He was graduated 


[574] 




































RUSSELL 


from Yale college, 1873, and was city editor ofthe 
Worcester Press until 1879, when he became con- 
nected with the Spy. He was married in May, 
1879, to Ella Frances, daughter of Sabin L. and 
Deborah (Mitchell) Sayles of Killingly, Conn. 
He engaged in business as a wool merchant ; was 
aide-de-camp with the rank of colonel on Gover- — 
nor Bigelow’s staff, 1881-82; a representative in 
the state legislature in 1883 ; secretary of state of — 
Connecticut, 1885-86, and a Republican repre-— 
sentative from the third district of Connecticut — 
in the 50th-56th congresses, 1887-1901. He died 
in Killingly, Conn., Oct. 23, 1902. 1 
RUSSELL, Daniel Lindsay, governor of North — 
Carolina, was born in Brunswick county, N.C., 
Aug. 7, 1845; son of Daniel Lindsay and Caroline 
Elizabeth (Sanders) Russell, and grandson of — 
Thomas and Abiah (Ward) Russell, and of David 
Ward and _ i <Alice 
(Mitchell) Sanders, 
and a descendant of 
the Rey. David Lind- 
say, who came from 
Glasgow, Scotland, 
about 1658, and set- 
tled on the Rappahan- 
nock river in Vir- 
ginia, and of Gen. 
William Russell, who 
came to Virginia in 
1710 with Gover- 
nor Spotswood. His 
father was a Whig 
representative in the 
state legislature for 
several terms, and his grandfather, the Hon. David 
Ward Sanders of Onslow county, was a member 
of the state constitutional convention of 1835, anc 
a member of Gov. William A. Graham’s council, 
1845-49. He was a student at the Bingham 
school; attended the University of North Caro- 
lina, 1860-61; was captain in the Confederate 
army; was a representative in the state legisla- 
ture, 1864-66, thus being twice elected before he 
was twenty-one, and was admitted to the bar in 
1866. He was married, Aug. 16, 1869, to Sarah 
Amanda, daughter of Isaac Newton and Sarah 
Caroline (Burns) Sanders of Onslow county, N.C. 
He was judge of the superior court for the 4th 
judicial circuit, 1868-74; a representative from 
Brunswick county in the state legislature, 1876- 
77, and a National Greenback representative i 
the 46th congress, 1879-81. He resumed the 
practice of law at Wilmington in 1881, and in 
1896 was elected governor of North Carolina by 
the Republicans by a plurality of nearly 9000, 
serving, 1897-1901. His administration was mark- 
ed by a conservative but independent course, 
and at its close he resumed the practice of law. — 


RUSSELL 









































RUSSELL, David, representative, was born in 
Masachusetts in 1800 ; adescendant of Richard Rus- 
_ sell(1612-74), who immigrated to the United States, 
1640, and was treasurer of Massachusetts, 1644-74, 
through James (1640-1709), judge and treasurer 
of Massachusetts, 1680-86, and Chambers (1713- 
67; Harvard, 1731), judge of the Massachusetts 
superior court of admiralty. He attended the 
common schools, and was admitted to the bar in 
Salem, N.Y., where he began practice. He was 
‘a member of the New York assembly from Wash- 
ington county, 1816 and 1830; U.S. district attor- 
ney for northern New York, and a Whig repre- 
sentative in the 24th, 25th and 26th congresses, 
1835-41, serving as chairman of the committee 
onclaims. In the latter year he returned tothe 
practice of law in Salem, N.Y., where he died, 
ov. 24, 1861. 

4 RUSSELL, David Allen, soldier, was born in 
Salem, N.Y., Dec. 10, 1820; son of David Russell 
_(q.v.). Hewas graduated from the U.S. Military 
academy, and promoted brevet 2d lieutenant, 
1st infantry, July 1, 1845; was promoted 2d 
lieutenant, 4th infantry, Sept. 21, 1846; was 
a brevetted ist lieutenant, Aug. 15, 1847, ‘* for gal- 
lant and meritorious conduct in the several affairs 
with guerilleros, at Paso Ovejas, National Bridge 
and Cerro Gordo, Mexico; was promoted Ist 
ieutenant, Jan 1, 1848; was on frontier, garrison 
and recruiting service, 1848-54; was promoted 
captain, June 22, 1854; engaged in the combat 
with the Indians on Tappinish river, Simcoe 
valley, Ore., Oct. 6-8, 1855; in the hostilities in 
Washington Territory, 1856; and remained on 
duty in Oregon and California until Nov. 27, 1861, 
when he was called to the defences of Washing- 
ton, March 10, 1862, and assigned to the com- 
mand of the 7th Massachusetts volunteers, 
Jan. 31, 1862. He was ordered to the Peninsula, 
March 10, 1862, and assigned to Devens’s brigade, 
Couch’s division, Keyes’s 4th corps, in the siege 
of Yorktown, the battles of Williamsburg and 
Fair Oaks and the seven days’ battles around Rich- 
1d, and was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, for 
int and meritorious services, July 1, 1862, and 
moted major of the 8th U.S. infantry, Aug. 9, 
862, the regiment being attached to Couch’s di- 
on, Franklin’s 4th corps, in the Antietam 
paign. He was promoted brigadier-general, 
U. . volunteers, Nov. 29, 1862, and in the Rappa- 
annock campaign commanded the 3d brigade, 
Brooks's division, Smith’s 6th corps, under Gen- 
sral Burnside, and was engaged in the battle of 
Predericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. At the battle of 
lem Heights, May 4, 1863, when Sedgwick, 
nmanding the corps, fell back, it devolved 
pon General Russell to withdraw the picket 
ne, and he crossed the river in safety, although 
troops and bridges were shelled by the enemy’s 


be 


RUSSELL 


artillery. Early in June General Russell's bri- 
gade, with that of Ames, was detailed under 
Pleasanton to obtain information as to the ene- 
my’s position, and he crossed Kelly’s Ford, pro- 
ceeded to Brandy Station and thence to Culpeper, 
and participated in the combat at Beverly Ford, 
June 9, 1863. The 6th corps arrived at Gettys- 
burg, July 2, 1863, after a long march from Man- 
chester, and with the 5th corps succeeded in 
checking and finally repulsing the opposing Con- 
federate force about sunset. For his gallant and 
meritorious conduct at Gettysburg, General Rus- 
sell was brevetted colonel, U.S.A. He engaged 
in the pursuit of Lee to Warrenton, Va., and with 
his division alone brilliantly assaulted the Rappa- 
hannock redoubts, Nov. 7, 1868, facing the con- 
tinuous and destructive fire of the enemy, and 
broke over the parapet. Sergt. Otis O. Roberts, 
company H, of the 6th Maine, captured the colors, 
and Col. Emory Upton’s brigade, advanced to the 
head of the pontoon-bridges, cutting off the ene- 
my’s retreat and capturing more than 1600 pris- 
oners, 8 colors, all the guns, and 2000 stands of 
small-arms. General Russell, accompanied by one 
company of each of the regiments engaged, was 
ordered formally to present the captured flags at 
headquarters. He was then ordered by General 
Meade to present the flags to the war department 
of Washington, Sergeant Otis to accompany him, 
and was also offered a leave of absence on account 
of the wound which he had received during the 
assault. In three days he returned from Wash- 
ington, reporting that Secretary Stanton had been 
too busy to receive him, and that consequently 
he had sent the flags to the war department. Gen- 
eral Russell was soon after compelled to goto the 
hospital for treatment, which detained him more 
than sixty days, and it required the combined in- 
fluence of Generals Meade, Sedgwick and Wright 
to prevent his being mustered out of service. 
On May 10, 1864, with General Upton, he com- 
manded a selected column of the 6th corps, and 
carried the works near Spottsylvania, one of the 
few Federal victoriesin the Wilderness campaign. 
In the battle of Cold Harbor, June 1, 1864, he 
commanded the 1st division of the 6th corps, and 
held the left of the line of battle. His division 
met with severe losses and he was wounded, but 
refused to leave the field during the day. He 
commanded the 1st division in the Army of the 
Shenandoah, and at the battle of Winchester, 
when the Federal center, weakened by Emory’s 
19th corps, was being driven back by Rodes, he 
led his division into the breach, striking the flank 
of the Confederates who were pursuing Grover, 
and thus restored the lines and checked the ene- 
my’s advance, but received a mortal wound, and 
was brevetted major-general, U.S.A., on the 
field. He died at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. 


[575] 


RUSSELL 


RUSSELL, Henry Benajah, journalist and au- 
thor, was born at Russell, Mass., March 9, 1859 ; 
son of Edwin Armstrong and Sarah Louise 
(Tinker) Russell; grandson of Abel and Emeline 
(Loomis), and of David Parks and Mary Elizabeth 
(Hamilton) Tinker; great!-grandson of William 
Russell, who came frown England to New Haven, 
Conn., before 1700; and a descendant of Joseph 
Loomis, Windsor, Conn., 1639; Thomas Tinker, 
Mayfiower passenger, 1620, and John Hamilton, 
Sudbury, Mass., an original settler of Bradford. 
He was graduated from the Connecticut Literary 
institute, Suffield, Conn., 1877; from Amherst, 
1881; was areporter on the Springfield, Mass., 
Republican, 1881-82, and editor of the Meriden, 
Conn., Press-Recorder, 1882-84. He was married, 
Sept. 25, 1885, to Louisa Annette, daughter of 
Silas W. Clark of Suffield, Conn. He wasaspecial 
writer on the New York Sun, 1884-88 ; editorial 
writer on the Providence Journal, 1888-90, 
and associate editor of the Hartford Post, 1890- 
97. He is the author of: Life of William Mc- 
Kinley (1896); International Monetary Confer- 
ences (1898); Illustrated History of Our War 
with Spain (1899), and of contributions to various 
periodicals. 

RUSSELL, Isaac Franklin, jurist, was born in 
Hamden, Conn., Aug. 25, 1857; son of the Rev. 
William Henry and Susan Voorhies (Hiller) Rus- 
sell. His father was for fifty years a Methodist 
preacher in the New York East conference. He 
prepared for college at Southold academy, L.L., 
N.Y.; was graduated from New York university 
with highest honors, A.B., 1875, LL.B., 1877, and 
AM. 1878 sand stromeevalew iia Mon S70 eeand. 
D.C.L., 1880. He wasadmitted tothe bar in 1878 ; 
was lecturer on Roman law at New York univer- 
sity, 1880-81, and in 1881 became professor of law 
and political science there, being also engaged in 
the active practice of law. He was married in 
Brooklyn, N.Y., July 8, 1886, to Ruth, daughter 
of Walter M. Ferriss of Bay Ridge, Long Island, 
N.Y. He was lecturer to the women’s law class 
in the university, 1892-1902; a member of the 
Brooklyn institute, the Long Island Historical 
society, the American Geographical society, and 
an occasional preacher in Methodist, Congre- 
gational and Reformed churches in New York 
and Brooklyn. Dickinson college conferred upon 
him the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1893. His 
works include: Lectures on Law for Women 
(1892); Outline Study of Law (8 vols., 1894, 1895, 
1900), and contributions to the Methodist Re- 
view (1896-97); Yale Law Review (1897); The 
American Lawyer (1898); Albany Law Journal 
(1899); Law Notes (1900). 

RUSSELL, Israel Cook, geologist, was born 
in Garrattsville, N.Y., Dec. 10, 1852; son of 
Barnabas and Louisa Sherman (Cook) Russell; 


[576] 


. rado, 1895-97 ; 


RUSSELL 


















































grandson of Joseph and Rachel (Leggett) Russell 
and of Israel and Edith (Sherman) Cook, and a des- 
cendant of Ralph Russell, who emigrated to Massa- — 
chusetts from Monmovthshire, England, 1650, 
and established the first iron works in America — 
at Taunton, Mass., in 1652; and of Joseph Rus- 
sell, the founder of New Bedford, Mass. He was 
graduated from the University of the City of New 
York, B.S. and C.E., 1872; M.S., 1875; received 
later the degree em and attended the Columbia 
School of Mines, 1872-74. He was photographer 
of the United States expedition to Queenstown, ” 
New Zealand, to observe the transit of Venus, — 
1874-75 ; assistant in geology, School of Mines, 
Columbia college, 1875-77; assistant geologist 
with Professor J. J. Stevenson, 1878; assistant 
geologist, 1879, and geologist of the U.S. geolo- 
gical survey, 1880-92; in 1889 ascended the — 
Yukon river, and in 1890 led an exploring expe- 
dition to Meunt St. Elias, Alaska, renewing the 
attempt to climb the mountain the next summer, 
In 1892 he became professor of geology at the 
University of Michigan. He was married, Noy, 
27, 1886, to Julia Augusta, daughter of John 
Dwight and Susan (Hathorne) Olmsted. He was _ 
sent to Martinique and St. Vincent in May, 1902, 
by the National Geographic society to make a 
study of the volcanic eruptions of that month. 
He was elected a member or fellow of numerous 
scientific societies, and is the author of many 
geological treatises and other scientific articles 
published in periodicals, and of Lake Lahontan 
(1885) ; The Newark System (1892); Lakes of 
North America (1895); Glaciers of North America 
(1897); Voleanoes of North America (1897); Rivers 
of North America (1898); A View of the Wout in 
1900 (1900); North America (1908). 

RUSSELL, James Earl, pedagogist, was born 
at Hamden, Delaware county, N.Y., July 1, 1864; 
son of Charles and Sarah (McFarlane) Russell, 
and grandson of James Russell, a native of Scot- 
land. He was graduated from Cornell in 1887; 
taught in Hill school, Pottstown, Pa., 1887-89; 
and on June 19, 1889, was married to Agnes, 
daughter of William Fletcher of Delhi. He was 
principal of Cascadilla school, Ithaca, N.Y., 
1890-93, and was European commissioner of the 
regents of the University of the State of New 
York, and also European agent of the Bureau of 
Education, Washington, D.C., 1893-95. At the 
same time he studied at the Unie sities of Jena, 
Leipzig and Berlin, and received the degree of 
Ph.D. from Leipzig in 1895. He was professo 
of philosophy and pedagogy, University of Colo 
and in 1897 became professor of 
the history of education in Teachers’ college, 
Columbia university, being appointed also dean 
of Teachers’ college in January, 1898. His pub 
lished writings include; The Extension of Uni- 


RUSSELL 


















































versity Teaching in England and America (1895 ; 
anslated into German, 1895); German Higher 
Schools ; The History, Organization and Methods 
of Secondary Education in Germany (1899), and 
‘many contributions to educational periodicals, 

RUSSELL, John Edwards, politician, was 
born in Greenfield, Mass., Jan. 20, 1834; son of 
John and Juliana (Witmer) Russell ; grandson of 
John and Electa (Edwards) Russell, and of 
Abram and Barbara (Everly) Witmer, and a des- 
sendant of John Russell, who immigrated to 
Boston in 1634, and later settled in Hadley, 
Mass., and of his son, Philip, whose brother, the 
Rey. John Russell, concealed the regicide judges 
for some years in his house at Hadley. Mr. 
Russell attended no college, but studied with 
private instructors under his father’s supervision. 
He was married, March 18, 1856, to Caroline, 
adopted daughter of John and Zibiah (Bigelow) 
Nelson of Leicester, Mass., and in 1858, with his 
wife he traveled in South and Central America. 
For four years he lived in Nicaragua, studying 
the early history of Central America. He returned 
to the United States in 1864, and became inter- 
ed with Benjamin Holladay in mail transporta- 
tion west of the Mississippi, and in steamship 
lines from San Francisco to the north, but in 
1867 retired from business life and settled on a 
small estate in Leicester, Mass., belonging to his 
ife. He interested himself in travel, study and 
iculture, and from 1880 to 1886 was secretary 
of the state board of agriculture, lecturing to 
farmers’ gatherings in all parts of the state. He 
was a Democratic representative from the tenth 
[assachusetts district in the 50th congress, 1887- 
served on the committees on foreign affairs 
id on pensions, and identified himself with the 
neipient free-trade movement. He refused a 
re-nomination to congress, but took an active 
‘in the presidential campaign of 1888. In 
)0 he traveled in Egypt, Asia Minor and 
e, refused the Democratic nomination for 
ernor of Massachusetts, but presided at the 
» convention and was active in the campaign. 
s a delegate-at-large to the Democratic 
convention at Chicago in 1892 that nom- 
Cleveland and Stevenson ; participated 
‘ollowing campaign, and later declined the 
y portfolio and the embassy to Italy. He 
‘Spain in 1893, and that fall was Demo- 
candidate for governor. He was appointed 
esident Cleveland in 1895 one of the three 
‘s ons authorized by an act of congress to con- 
with a similar commission appointed by the 
on of Canada, to make inquiry and report 
feasibility of a canal for ocean commerce 
n the Atlantic and the Great Lakes. Mr. 
as elected secretary of the commission, 
e their report which was the basis of 


RUSSELL 


congressional action. 
without compensation. 

RUSSELL, John Henry, naval officer, was 
born in Frederick city, Md., July 4, 1827. He 
was warranted midshipman, Sept. 10, 1841; was 
attached to the sloop Cyane of the Pacifie squad- 
ron, 1841-43: and served on the St. Mary's in 
the Gulf of Mexico, 1844-47, taking part in the 
capture of Corpus Christi, and in the blockade 
and capture of Vera Cruz. He was promoted 
passed midshipman, Aug. 10, 1847, and was 
graduated from the U.S. Naval academy in 1848, 
He was assigned to the } 


The commission served 


North Pacitic exploring 
expedition, 1853-56, as acting lieutenant and 
navigator, where he secured an official audience 
for the American and British envoys with the 
Chinese authorities. He was promoted master, 
Sept. 14, and lieutenant, Sept. 15, 1855, and was 
on ordnance duty in the Washington navy yard 
1860-61. He was sent to the Norfolk navy yard, 
April 28, 1861, to prevent the Confederates from 

capturing the vessels stationed there ; was attach- 
ed to the frigate Colorado off Pensacola, Fla., the 
same year, and on Sept. 14, commanded a night 
expedition composed of 100 men in four boats, 
which cut out and destroyed the Confederate 
armed schooner Judah, moored to a wharf at the 
Pensacola navy yard tnder protection of a battery 
of columbiads. For this service Lieutenant Rus- 
sell received thanks from President Lincoln, 
from the state of Maryland, and from the navy 
department. He commanded the steamer Kei- 
nebec, in Admiral Farragut’s squadron ; took part 
in the bombardment of the forts below New 
Orleans, and was commissioned lieutenant-com- 
mander, July 16, 1862. He was on ordnance duty 
at Washington, D.C., in 1864; commanded the 
sloop Cyane of the Pacific squadron, 1864-65 ; 
was promoted commander, Jan. com- 
manded the 
steamer Ossipee, 
1869-71, and res- 
cued the passen- 
gers and crew 
of the Pacific 
mail steamer 
Continental dur- 
ing a gale ‘in 
September, 1869. He was promoted captain, Feb. 
12, 1874, and while in command of the sloop Ply- 
mouth in 1875, he saved the vessels of the North 
Atlantic squadron from an epidemic of yellow 
fever at Key West. He commanded the steamer 
Powhatan, on special service, 1876-77 ; was pro- 
moted commodore, Oct. 30, 1883; was in com- 
mand of the Mare Island navy yard, 1883-86 ; was 
promoted rear admiral, March 4, 1886, and was 
retired at his own request, Aug. 27, 1886. He 
died in Washington, D.C., April 1, 1897. 


28, 1867 ; 





tha Se GSStrEee, 


RUSSELL 


RUSSELL, Jonathan, diplomat, was born at 
Providence, R.I., Feb. 27, 1771; son of Jonathan 
and Abigail Russell. He was graduated at Rhode 
Island college, A.B., 1791, A.M., 1794; studied 
law and entered business. He became greatly 
interested in politics; was chargé d’affaires in 
Paris, 1810-11; in London, 1811-12, and on Jan. 
8, 1814, was appointed to negotiate a treaty of 
peace with Great Britain at Ghent. He was min- 
ister plenipotentiary to Sweden, 1814-18, and 
upon his return to the United States he made his 
home in Mendon, Mass., and was a Democratic 
representative from Massachusetts in the 17th 
and 18th congresses, 1821-25. Mr. Russell was 
twice married; first, on April 8, 1794, to Sylvia 
Amidon, who died, July 10, 1811, and secondly, 
on April 2, 1817, to Lydia, daughter of Barney 
Smith. Mr. Russell by both marriages had eight 
children; one of them, Jonathan Russell, was con- 
sul at Manila several years. He received from 
Brown the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1817, and 
is the author of several addresses and orations 
that have been preserved. He died in Milton, 
Mass., Feb. 17, 1832. 

RUSSELL, William, representative, was born 
in Ireland. He immigrated to the United States, 
and settled at West Union, Adams county, Ohio. 
He was a representative in the state legislature, 
1809-10 and 1811-13; state senator, 1819-21; a 
Jackson Democratic representative from the fifth 
district of Ohio in the 20th, 21st and 22d con- 
gresses, 1827-33, and was defeated in 1832 as a 
candidate for the 23d congress. He removed to 
Portsmouth, and wasa Whig representative from 
the seventh Ohio district in the 27th congress, 
1841-48. Hedied at Portsmouth, O., Oct. 2, 1845. 

RUSSELL, William Augustus, representative, 
was born at Wells River, Vt., April 22, 1831 ; son of 
William and Almira (Heath) Russell, and a de- 
scendant of English ancestry. He removed with 
his parents at an early age to Franklin, N.H.,where 
he attended the academy ; worked in Peabody & 
Daniels’ paper mill during vacation until 1847 ; 
attended a private school in Lowell, Mass., 1847- 
48 ; worked in his father’s paper millat Franklin, 
N.H., 1848-51, becoming a partner in 1850, and 
removed the mills to Lawrence, Mass., assuming 
entire control of the business, which he extended 
by leasing two mills in Belfast, Me., in 1856 ; 
purchasing another mill at Lawrence in 1861, and 
establishing in 1869 a wood-pulp mill, the first of 
its kind, in Franklin, N.H. He purchased the 
Fisher and Aiken paper mills in Franklin in 1879, 
and located large mills at Bellows Falls, Vt., pur- 
chasing the entire water power and building a 
dam. He extended his interests in paper mills to 
other points in Maine and to St. Anthony's Falls, 
Minn., and on the organization of the Interna- 
tional Paper company in 1897 became a director 


RUSSELL 


and president of the company, resigning in No- 
vember, 1898, on account of failing health. He 
was a Republican alderman of Lawrence, Mass., 
in 1867 ; a representative in the state legislature 
in 1868; a delegate to the Republican national 
conventions of 1868 and 1876, and a Republican 
representative from the seventh Massachusetts 
district in the 46th and 47th congresses, 1879-83, 
and from the eighth district in the 48th congress, 
1883-85, declining re-election in 1884, and serving 
in the 46th congress on the committee on com- 
merce and on a sub-committee to investigate the 
decline of American commerce, his report result- 
ing ina change of the state laws in relation to 
the taxation of property in ships, and on the com- 
mittee on ways and means in the 47th and 48th 
congresses aS a protectionist. He was married, 
first, Feb. 1, 1859, to Elizabeth Haven, daughter 
of William A. Hall of Bradford. She died, Dee. 
18, 1866, leaving three daughters; and he was 
married, secondly, June 25, 1872, to his first wife’s 
sister, Frances Spafford Hall, by whom he had 
two sons, William A., Jr., and Richard Spafford, 
and one daughter, Elizabeth H. Mr. Russell made 
his winter home in Boston, Mass., from 1885, and 
died there, Jan. 10, 1899. 


RUSSELL, William Eustis, governor of Mas-— 


sachusetts, was born in Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 6, 
1857; son of Charles Theodore and Sarah Eliza- 
beth (Ballister) Russell; grandson of Charles and 
Persis (Hastings) Russell, and of Joseph and 
Sarah (Yendell) Bal- 
lister, and a descend- 
ant of William and 
Martha Russell, who 
were in Cambridge in 
1645. He was gradu- 
ated from Harvard, 
A.B., 1877, and from 
Boston university, 
summa cum laude, 
LL.B., 1879, and en- 
tered his father’s law 
office. He was a 
member of the Cam- 
bridge common coun- 
cil, 1881-82; of the 
board of aldermen, 
1882-84, and was mayor of Cambridge, 1884—_ 
87. He was married, June 3, 1885, to Margaret 
Manning, daughter of Joshua A. and Sarah 


(Hodges) Swan of Cambridge, Mass. In 1888 and — 


1889 he was the unsuccessful Democratic candi- 


date for governor of Massachusetts, but was 


elected in 1890, serving by re-election until 1893. 
and being the youngest governor ever elected in 
Massachusetts. He became very popular, and— 
was prominently mentioned as acandidate for 
President of the United States. He attended the 


[578] 

















Wy 


4 RUTER 











































Democratic national convention at Chicago, TIL., 
in 1896, identifying himself with the gold faction 
of that convention, and is supposed to have in- 
_jured his health by overwork at that time. He 
received the degree of LL.D. from Williams ecol- 
lege in 1891. He died near St. Adelaide de Pabos, 
Quebec, July 16, 1896. 

RUTER, Martin, clergyman, was born in 
Charlton, Worcester county, Mass., April 3, 1785. 
- His father was a Revolutionary soldier ; he at- 
tended the common schools; was licensed to 
preach in 1800, and was admitted to the New 
York conference of the M.E. church in June, 
1801. He was an itinerant preacher in New Eng- 
land and at Montreal, Canada, prior to 1816; was 
married, first, in June, 1805, to Sibyl Robertson 
of Chesterfield, N.H., who died in March, 1808 ; 
and, secondly, in April, 1809, to Ruth Young of 
Concord, N.H. He was stationed in Philadelphia, 
Pa., 1816-17 ; was principal of Wesleyan academy, 
New Market, Mass., 1818-20, and agent of the 
Book Concern, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1820-27. He 
was a delegate to the general conferences at 
Baltimore, Md., in 1808, 1816, 1820 and 1824; pres- 
ident of Augusta college, Ky., 1827-32; secretary 
of the general conference at Pittsburg, Pa., 1828 ; 
or in Pittsburg, 1832-33; a delegate to the 
Pittsburg conference of 1833, and president of 
Allegheny college, 1833-37. He was a delegate 
) the Pittsburg conference at Washington, D.C., 
1834, and to the general conference at Cincinnati, 
1836, and in 1837 became superintendent of Meth- 
odist missions in Texas. In this capacity he 
served one year, riding thousands of miles on 
rseback, preaching every day, and often three 
times a day, and planting societies in every part 
of the state. The honorary degree of D.D. was 
co pferred upon him by Transylvania college, Ky., 
in 1820. Ruter Hall, Allegheny college, and Ru- 
sville, Tex., were named for him, and a college 
founded at Rutersville in his honor. He is 
uthor of : Collection of Miscellaneous Pieces ; 
anatory Notes on the Ninth Chapter of Ro- 
Sketch of Calvin’s Life and Doctrine ; 

ers on Calvin and Calvinism (1815-16); He- 
w G ammar ; History of Martyrs ; Ecclesiasti- 
al History ; various text-books, and left in MS.: 
or Africa as a Field for Missionary Labor, 
ind a Life of Bishop Asbury. He died on his 

ay home in Washington, D.C., May 16, 1838. 
RU GERS, Henry (or Hendrick), patriot, was 
orn in New York city, Oct. 7, 1745; son of 
lrick (1712-1779) and Catharine (de Pey- 
Rutgers; grandson of Capt. Harman and 
arina (Meyer) Rutgers and of Johannes de 
er, who settled in New York about 1642- 
a descendant of Rutger Jacobsen Van 


e yacht Rensselaerswyck, in 1636, for Fort 


[579] 


RUTHERFOORD 


Orange (Albany) N.Y. ; was married to Tryntje 
Jansse Van Breesteede of New Amsterdam. 1646, 
and was a magistrate in 1655. Henry Rutgers’s 
ancestors engaged chiefly in the brewery business. 
He was graduated from King’s college in 1766: 
and devoted his attention to the management of 
his estate. He was appointed a lieutenant in the 
Colonial militia in 1775; a lieutenant in Maleom’s 
regiment in 1776, and in the battle of White 
Plains commanded his company and succeeded 
Malcom as colonel. During the occupation of 
New York city by the British, his house was used 
as a barrack and military hospital, and the 
Rutgers brewery was used as a hospital kitchen, 
and subsequently as a repository of naval stores, 
Me was major of the New York militia, 1798; 
colonel, 1790; a member of the New York state 
assembly in 1784, 1800-02 and 1807 ; a presidential 
elector from the sixth district in 1809, elector-at- 
large in 1819, and elector from the first district 
in 1821. In 1811 he assisted in raising funds for 
building the firsts Tammany Hall. He presided 
over a meeting held June 24, 1812, and contributed 
to the defence of the city against an expected 
attack by the British. He was a member of the 
correspondence committee appointed to devise a 
plan for checking the spread of slavery, 1819. 
He was a regent of the University of the State of 
New York, 1802-26; a trustee of the College of 
New Jersey, 1804-17; gave $5,000 toward the re- 
establishment of Queen’s college, N.J., and 
changed the name to Rutgers, Dec. 5, 1825, and 





QuEEN'S COLLEGE 


contributed sites of land on the East River, in 
Chatham Square, and in other parts of the city 
for the erection of schools and churches. He 
was elected president of the Public School society 
to succeed De Witt Clinton, 1828. He never 
married. He died in New York, Feb. 17, 1830. 
RUTHERFOORD, John, governor of Virginia, 
was born in Richmond, Va., Dec. 6, 1792; son of 
Thomas and Mary (Winston) Rutherfoord. His 
father was a native of Kircaldy, Scotland, who 
came to America in 1784 as a merchant, with a 
letter of introduction to Washington from Sir 
Edward Neversham, a member of parliament for 


RUTHERFORD 


the county of Dublin, settled in Richmond, and 
became a large real estate owner; he also wrote 
extensively for the press on matters connected 
with commerce and the tariff. John Rutherfoord 
was graduated from the College of New Jersey, 
A.B., 1810, A.M., 1813; studied law, but abandoned 
it, and was president of the Virginia Mutual Assur- 
ance company of Richmond for many years. He 
was married, April 24, 1816, to Emily Anne Coles. 
He was the first captain of the Fayette artillery 
and became colonel of the regiment. He was a 
Whig representative in the state legislature, being 
elected in 1826 from Richmond ; in 1889 was ap- 
pointed a councillor, and in 1840 was elected 
lieutenant-governor of the state on the Democra- 
tic ticket. Upon the resignation of Gov. Thomas 
Gilmer in 1841, and the expiration of the term of 
John M. Patton as senior councillor and Gilmer’s 
successor, he succeeded on March 31 to the office 
of acting governor and held it till 1842. He was 
influential in procuring the appointment of Gen. 
Robert E. Lee to the position of commander- 
in-chief of the Virginia forces in 1861. He died 
at Richmond, Va., Aug. 3, 1866. 
RUTHERFORD, Griffith, soldier, was born in 
Treland about 1731. He settled in Locke Settle- 
ment, west of Salisbury, N.C.; was a delegate to 
the provincial congresses of 1775; a member of 
the council of safety ; was appointed brigadier- 
general, June 22, 1776, and co-operated with Col. 
Andrew Williamson against the Cherokees and 
Tories on the frontier, compelling them to sur- 
render much of theirlands. He was in command 
of 700 North Carolina troops, including the com- 
mand of Col. W. R. Davie, in June 1780, and 
crossed the Tuckasuge Ford of the Catawba river 
to attack Colonel Moore, who commanded 1,100 
Tories at Ramseur’s Mills on the edge of the 
present town of Lincolnton, N.C., but Col. Francis 
Locke, who was to meet him, advanced more 
rapidly and drove Moore out of the place. 
Rutherford arrived less than one hour after the 
retreat, and with Colonel Davie ‘pursued the 
fleeing Tories, capturing many. He then passed 
down the Catawba valley opposite Hanging Rock, 
where he surprised and captured a detachment 
of Tories and their stores, July 20, 1780. He 
joined Gates’s army in the battle of Camden, S8.C., 
Aug. 16, 1780, where he was captured, carried to 
Charleston, and imprisoned there, and subsequent- 
ly at St. Augustine, Fla. He wasexchanged June 
22,1781, and commanded the brigade of militia 
that .took possession of the city of Wilming- 
ton, N.C., when the British evacuated. He rep- 
resented Rowan county for several terms in the 


state senate previous to 1786, and was appointed- 


president of the legislative council of the newly 
created territory of Tennessee, in August, 1794. 
He died in Tennessee about 1800. 


RUTHERFORD 


RUTHERFORD, Mildred, educator, was born 
at Athens, Ga., July 16, 1851; daughter of Pro- 
fessor Williams and Laura Battaille (Cobb) 
Rutherford; granddaughter of Williams and 
Eliza (Boykin) Rutherford, and of John Addison 
and Sarah (Robinson) Cobb, and a descendant 
from Robert (b. 1734) and Dorothy Ann (Brooks) 
Rutherford: from Thomas Reed Rootes of Fred- 
ericksburg, Va.; from John Lewis of the Vir- 
ginia House of Burgesses, and from Augustine 
Warner, Virginia House of Burgesses, 1675, and 
member of the Royal Council, 1680. Her mother 
was a sister of Gens. Howell and T. R. R. Cobb 
of the Confederate army, and her father was a — 
soldier in the Confederate army, 1861-65. Mildred 
Rutherford was graduated from Lucy Cobb 





Sy LUCY COBB INSTITUTE. 
: ia 






Beene nace WE 

Institute in 1868; was principal of the Institute, 

1880-95; and teacher of literature there, from 

1880. Her published writings, chiefly text- 

books, include: English Authors (1888); American — 
Authors (1894); Bible Questions on Old Testament — 
History (1894); That School Girl (1896); French 
and German Authors (1902). 

RUTHERFORD, Williams, educator, was born — 
at Midway, near Milledgeville, Ga., Sept. 3, 1818; 
son of Williams and Eliza (Boykin) Rutherford ; 
grandson of Col. John and Mary (Hubert) Ruth- 
erford and of Maj. Frank Boykin; great-grand- 
son of Benjamin Hubert, a Huguenot, who immi- 
grated to the United States in 1746 and married — 
Mrs. Mary Williams, and a descendant of Robert 
Rutherford, who settled on the Nottaway river, 
Va.. and married Dorothy Ann Brooks. Williams 
Rutherford attended a preparatory school at — 
Milledgeville, and was graduated from Franklin 
college (University of Georgia), Athens, Ga., 
A.B., 1838, A.M., 1841. He engaged as a planter 
on Flint river and in teaching school until 1856 ; 
was professor of mathematics in Franklin college, 
1856-86, and upon his resignation in the latter 
year was made professor emeritus. He was mar- 
ried, March 23, 1841, to Laura Battaile, daughter 
of John and Sarah Robinson (Rootes) Cobb, and — 
sister of Gens. Howell (q.v.) and Thomas R, R. 
(q.v.) Cobb. Of their children: John C. Ruth» — 
erford was a lawyer, and Mary Ann (Rutherford) 


[580] 





RUTHERFURD 


Lipscomb (q.v.) and Mildred Rutherford (q.v.) 
were prominent educators. Professor Rutherford 
is the author of : Church Members’ Guide for 
Baptist Churches ; Family Government, in manu- 
script, and many articles for church papers. He 
died at Athens, Ga., Aug. 21, 1896. 
RUTHERFURD, John, senator, was born in 
New York city, Sept. 20, 1760; son of Walter and 
Catherine (Alexander) Rutherfurd, and grandson 
of James Alexander of Perth Amboy, N.J., and 
of Sir John Rutherfurd of Edgerston, Roxburgh- 
shire, Scotland, who came to America in 1756. 
His father, an English soldier, took part in the 
Canadian campaign under Sir Jeffrey Amherst, 
and settled in New York city. John was gradu- 
ated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 1776, 
A.M., 1779, and practised law in New York city 
until 1787. He was married in October, 1782, to 
> Helena, daughter of Lewis Morris, 3d, of West- 
_ chester, N.Y.; she died at Edgerston, N.J., Oct. 
6, 1840. He was clerk of the vestry of Trinity 
church, and in 1787 removed to Tranquility, Sus- 
sex county, N.J. He was a representative in the 
state legislature; presidential elector from the 
- second congressional district in 1788, and was 
elected to the U.S. senate in 1791, serving till 
1798, when he resigned. He was a commissioner 
with Simeon DeWitt and Gouverneur Morris to 
lay out the city of New York from 1801. He was 
+ resident of the board of proprietors of eastern 
New Jersey; a member of the New York and 
y ew Jersey boundary commission in 1826, and of 
the joint commission to settle the boundary ques- 
ion between New York and New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania, 1829-33. He died at Edgerston, 
now Rutherfurd, N.J., Feb. 23, 1840. 
~RUTHERFURD, Lewis Morris, physicist, was 
a in Morrisania, N.Y., Nov. 25, 1816; son of 
oy obert Walter and aa (Morris) Rutherfurd ; 
grandson of John and Helena (Morris) Ruther- 
d, and of Lewis and Ann (Elliott) Morris, and 
escendant of Maj. Walter Rutherford of the 
ritish army, who changed the name to Ruther- 
2 and was married to Catharine, daughter of 
nes Alexander, and sister of Gen. William 
sander of the Patriot army. He was gradu- 
dfrom Williams college in 1834; wasadmitted 
) the bar in 1837, and became a partner of Peter 
Hay, and in 1848 of Hamilton Fish. He retired 
m active practice in 1849 and devoted himself 
scientific study. He made a specialty of as- 
nomical photography, and published a paper 
nthe American Journal of Science on the spec- 
of stars, moon and planets, which was the 
attempt at a spectral classification of the 
' He invented the star spectroscope, and in 
constructed a corrected object glass for mak- 
iegatives of the heavenly bodies, and he im- 
roved the lens in 1868. He also constructed an 





; 




























al 


RUTLEDGE 


instrument for the measurement of astronomical 
photographs. In 1870 he invented an engine that 
ruled 17,000 lines to the inch on a metallic sheet, 
this being the best one produced until the inven- 
tion of Henry Augustus Rowland (q.v.) about 
ten years later. By means of the plates thus 
ruled he madea photograph of the solar spectrum. 
He was one of the American delegates to the 
International Meridian conference, held in Wash- 
ington in October, 1885, and framed the resolu- 
tion expressing the conclusions of the conference. 
He was appointed the representative of the Na- 
tional Academy of Sciences to the International 
Meridian Conference on Astronomical Photo- 
graphy in 1887, but failing health caused him to 
decline the honor. He was married to Margaret 
Stuyvesant Chanler. He was a trustee of Colum- 
bia college, 1858-84, and presented that institu- 
tion with his astronomical instruments, valued at 
$12,000, in December, 1883, and with all his nega- 
tives, with funds for their measurements, in No- 
vember, 1890. ‘The Rutherfurd Photographic 
Measures of the Group of the Pleiades” was pub- 
lished before the time of his death. He was one 
of the founders of the Academy of Science in 
1863; an associate of the Royal Astronomical 
society ; a member of the American Astronomi- 
cal society, and a fellow of the Royal society of 
London. The honorary degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred on him by Columbia in 1887 and by Wil- 
liams in 1889, He died in Tranquility, Sussex 
county, N.J., May 3, 1892. 

RUTHRAUFF, John Mosheim, educator, was 
born in Stark county, Ohio, Jan. 13, 1846. He 
served in the U.S. army one hundred days in 
1864 ; was graduated at Wittenberg college, Ohio, 
A.B., 1871, A.M., 1874, D.D., 1900; was pastor of 
Lutheran churehes at Louisville, Ky., 1872-74; 
Circleville, Ohio, 1874-76 and 1880-85 ; Washing- 
tonville, Ohio, 1876-80, and Dixon, Ohio, 1885-95 ; 
president and professor of history and philosophy, 
Carthage college, Ill., 1895-1901, and served as 
president and professor of theism and ethics, Wit- 
tenberg college, 1901-02, succeeding the Rev. Dr. 
Samuel A. Ort (q.v.) resigned. He was married, 
May 28, 1879, to Sarah E., daughter of John and 
Mary A. Morrison. He was president of the 
synod, both in Ohio and Illinois ; president of Rock 
assembly, IIL, 1888-95, and five times delegate to 
the general synod, He died suddenly at his home 
in Springfield, Ohio, May 6, 1902. 

RUTLEDGE, Edward, statesman, was born in 
Charleston, 8.C., Nov. 23, 1749; son of Dr. John 
Rutledge. He studied law at Temple bar, Lon- 
don, 1769-78, and established himself in practice 
in Charleston. He was married in 1773 to Har- 
riet, daughter of Henry Middleton. He was a 
delegate to the Continental congress, 1774-77; a 
signer of the Declaration of Independence; a 


[581] 


RUTLEDGE 


member of the first board of war, and with John 
Adams and Benjamin Franklin met Lord Howe 
on Staten Island, Sept. 11, 1776, in order to effect 
a reconciliation. He was re-elected to the Conti- 
nental congress in 1779, but was disabled by sick- 
ness and could not attend. He was appointed 
captain of a company of artillery, and took part 
in skirmishes at Port Royal in 1779; was pro- 
moted lieutenant-colonel, and was detailed to 
secure assistance for the army of Benjamin 
Lincoln, which was cut off from supplies during 
the investment of Charleston, but was taken 
prisoner and confined at St. Augustine, 1780-81. 
He was a representative in the legislature of 1782 
that met at Jacksonborough to pass a bill con- 
demning all Tories to punishment. He returned 
to Charleston on its evacuation and resumed his 
professional duties. He was a representative in 
the state legislature; a member of the state con- 
stitutional convention of 1790; declined the office 
of associate justice of the U.S. supreme court in 
1794, and was elected governor of South Carolina 
in 1798, but did not complete his term. He died 
in Charleston, S.C., Jan. 28, 1800. 

RUTLEDGE, Edward, educator, was born in 
Charleston, South Carolina, in 1797; son of Hugh 
Rutledge and grandson of Dr. John Rutledge. 
He was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1817, A.M., 
1820, and was ordained to the ministry of the 
Protestant Episcopal church, at Christ Church, 
Middletown, Conn., Nov. 17,1819. He was assist- 
ant professor of moral philosophy at the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, 1828-36, and was elected 
president of Transylvania university in 1836, but 
died before assuming the office. He is the author 
of: The Family Altar (1822), and History of the 
Church of England (1825). He diedin Savannah, 
Ga., March‘13, 1836. 

RUTLEDGE, Francis Huger, first bishop of 
Florida and 53rd in succession in the American 
episcopate, was born in Charleston, 8.C., April 
11, 1799; son of Hugh Rutledge, and grand- 
son of Dr. John Rutledge. He was graduated 
from Yale college, A.B., in 1820, and entered 
the General Theological seminary, New York 
city, class of 1823, but did not graduate. He was 
ordered deacon in 1823; advanced to the priest- 
hood, Nov. 20, 1825; was rector of a church 
on Sullivan’s Island, {$.C., 1827-39; of Trinity 
church, St. Augustine, Fla., 1839-45; and of St. 
John’s, Tallahassee, Fla., 1845-51. He was elected 
bishop of the newly-created diocese of Florida, 
and was consecrated Oct. 15, 1851, by Bishops 
Gadsden, Elliott, and Cobbs. The honorary 
degree of M.A. was conferred on him by the 
College of South Carolina, and that of S.T.D. 
by Hobart college, 1844. He died in Tallahassee, 
Fla., Nov. 6, 1866. 

RUTLEDGE, John, chief justice, was born in 


RUTLEDGE 


Charleston, S.C., in 1739; son of Dr. John Rut- 
ledge, who emigrated from Ireland in 1735, 
married a Miss Hexe. and died in 1749, at Char- 
leston. He studied law at the Temple, London, 
returned to Charles- 
ton in 1761, estab- 
lished a practice, and 
was married in 1763, 
to Elizabeth Grimke. 
He was attorney-gen- 
eral pro tempore, in 
1764, a delegate to 
the Continental con- .... 
gress, 1774-77 and 4 
1782-83 ; amember of ' 
the provincial con- 
vention of 1774; 
chairman of the com- 
mittee that framed 
the constitution of 
1776; and on March 
27, 1776, was elected president of the provin- 
cial government and commander-in-chief of 
the militia. He advocated the fortification of 
Charleston against the threatened invasion by 
Sir Henry Clinton and Commodore Parker ; held 
the post on Sullivan’s Island, contrary to the 
advice of Gen. Charles Lee, and planned the suc- 
cessful defence of Charleston. He resigned his 
office in March, 1778, as he did not approve of the 
changes made in the state constitution, but was 
again chosen governor by the unanimous vote of 
the legislature in 1779. He commanded the 
militia against Gen. Augustine Provost, in May, 
1779, and when Charleston was captured May 12, 


1779, by Sir Henry Clinton, he left the city with — 


his council and took refuge in North Carolina, 
and used every effort to relieve the city by co- 
operating with Generals Gates and Greene in 
reorganizing the army. His term of office ended 
in 1782, and he was succeeded by Governor 
Matthews. He was elected state chancellor, 
March 21, 1784; was a delegate to the Philadel- 
phia convention that adopted the Federal con- 
stitution; was a member of the state convention 


that ratified the constitution; a delegate from 


South Carolina in the national convention to 
elect a president and vice-president in 1789, and 
received six electoral votes. On Sept. 26, 1789, 
he was appointed an associate justice of the 
supreme court of the United States, serving 
1789-91; was chief justice of South Carolina, 
1791-95 ; and was appointed chief justice of the 
United States supreme court by President 
Washington in 1795. He presided at the August 
term of the court, but on Dec. 15, 1795, the 
senate refused to confirm the nomination. 


Charleston, 8.C., July 23, 1800. 


[582] 





His ~ 
mind failed in December, 1795, and he died at 


: oe 








rt, 






































‘RUTLEDGE 

RUTLEDGE, John, Jr., representative,was born 
in Charleston, 8.C., in 1766; son of John Rut- 
_ ledge (q.v.), with whom hestudied law. He was 
_ admitted to the bar; practised in Charleston, and 
was a Federalist representative from South 
Carolina in the 5th, 6th and 7th congresses, 
_ serving from May 15, 1797, to March 3, 1803. He 
_ died in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 1, 1819. 

RYAN, Abram Joseph, poet-priest, was born 
in Norfolk, Va., Aug. 15, 1839. He was ordained 
a R.C. priest in 1861, and served as chaplain in 
_ the Confederate army, 1861-65. He became 
priest in the archdiocese of New Orleans, La., in 
1865, where he edited the Star, a Roman Catholic 
weekly ; was transferred to Knoxville, Tenn., 
and subsequently to Augusta, Ga., where he 
founded and edited the Banner of the South, a 

volitical and religious weekly. He was_ pastor 

of St. Mary’s church in Mobile, Ala., 1868-80, 
traveling and lecturing to raise money for the 
cathedral in Mobile; and in 1880 removed to 
Baltimore, Md., with the intention of making a 
lecture tour. He delivered his first lecture: 
“*Some Aspects of Modern Civilization ” in Balti- 
more, and in return for the hospitality he had 
enjoyed at Loyola college gave $300, the proceeds 
of a public reading, to the Jesuit fathers to found 
a medal for poetry in the college. His lecture 
tour not proving successful, and being in feeble 
health he received permission to retire from all 
parochial duty in October, 1881 ; settled in Biloxi, 
‘Miss., and devoted himself to literary work. He 
is the author of: Poems, Patriotic, Religious and 
Miscellaneous (1880), including: The Conquered 
Banner ; The Lost Cause ; The Sword of Lee ; The 
Flag of Erin, poems ; the epic, Their Story Run- 
neth Thus, and at the time of his death he had in 
preparation a Life of Christ. He died in Louis- 
ville, Ky., April 22, 1886. 

RYAN, Edward George, jurist, was born at 
Newcastle House, county Meath, Ireland, Nov. 

1810. He was liberally educated ; began the 
y of theology, but abandoned it for that of 
w, and immigrated to the United States in 
, completing his law course in New York city, 
e he was admitted to the bar, 1836. In the 
e year he began practice in Chicago, IIL ; 
1 the Tribune, 1839-41, and practised in 
ne, Wis., 1842-48. He was a delegate to the 
ite constitutional convention that assembled 

5 and adjourned Dec. 16, 1846, and to the 
ocratic national convention that met at 
Baltimore, Md., May 22, 1848, and served as 
hairman ofa special committee of the Democra- 
ate convention, 1862, that framed anaddress 
ie people, subsequently published as the 
in Address.” He removed to Milwaukee 

; was city attorney, 1870-72 ; was appoint- 


RYAN 


sin to succeed Luther. Dixon, June 17, 1874. and 
was elected to the office in April, 1875, serving 
until his death, which oceurred in Milwaukee, 
Wis., Oct. 19, 1880. 

RYAN, James, R.C, bishop, was born in 
Thurles, county Tipperary, Ireland, June 17, 1848, 
He came to the United States at an early age ; 
prepared for the priesthood in the seminaries of 
St. Thomas and St. Joseph, Bardstown, Ky.; was 
ordained, Dec. 24, 1871, at Louisville, Ky.; was 
professor at St. Joseph's seminary, and subse- 
quently missionary pastor in Kentucky until 
1878, and in Illinois, 1878-88. He was appointed 
bishop of Alton, Ill., and was consecrated May 1, 
1888, by Bishop Spalding of Peoria, assisted by 
Bishops McCloskey and Janssen. 

RYAN, John, Jesuit clergyman and educator, 
was born in Ireland, June 24,1810. He was edu- 
cated in the Catholic schools of his native coun- 
try, at that time decried by the government, and 
determining to enter the priesthood, he came to 
America and joined the Society of Jesus at Bards- 
town, Ky., Sept. 7, 1839, where he served his no- 
vitiate and was ordained priest in 1845. He joined 
the Jesuit colony in New York city, where he 
helped to conduct the School of the Holy Name 
of Jesus, first in basements of churches and 
then in a building on Third avenue between Elev- 
enth and Twelfth streets. He was the second 
president of the school, 1847-50, and having 
through strenuous efforts and against great oppo- 
sition secured a plot of ground on West Fifteenth 
street as the site for a Jesuit college, he was in- 
strumental in founding the College of St. Francis 
Xavier, opened in 1850, and he was the first pres- 
ident under the new name, 1849-55. He died in 
New York city in 1861. 

RYAN, Patrick John, archbishop, was born in 
Thurles, county Tipperary, Ireland, Feb. 20, 1831; 
son of Jeremiah and Mary Ryan. He attended 
the Christian Brothers’ school at Thurles; a pri- 
vate school in Dublin until 1847; was graduated 
from Carlow college in 1852, and ordained sub- 
deacon, and in the same year came to the United 
States. He was professor of English literature in 
Carondolet Theological seminary, St. Louis, Mo., 
1852-53; ordained deacon in 1853, and priest, 
Sept. 8, 1853, by Archbishop Kenrick, being ap- 
pointed assistant rector of the St. Louis cathedral 
and secretary of the archbishop. In 1856 he was 
made rector, remaining in that position until 
1860, when he assumed charge of the Parish of the 
Annunciation in St. Louis, serving also during 
the civil war as chaplain to the Gratiot Street 
Military prison and hospital, and declining a com- 
mission as chaplain in the army. After the war 
he was appointed rector of St. John’s church, St 
Louis, and while on a visit in Europe, in 1867-68, 
at the invitation of Pope Pius IX., delivered in the 


[583] 


RYAN 


latter year the English course of Lenten lectures 
in Rome. He was appointed vicar-general upon 
his return to St. Louis in 1868, and was adminis- 
trator of the diocese during Archbishop Kenrick’s 
absence while attending the Vatican council ; 
was consecrated Bishop of Tricomia (Palestine) 
i. p. i., and coadjutor to the archbishop of St. 
Louis, April 14, 1872, by Archbishop Kenrick, 
assisted by Bishops Feehan and Melcher ; pro- 
moted archbishop coadjutor, and translated to 
the titular see of Salamis (Greece), Jan. 6, 1884, 
and transferred as archbishop to Philadelphia, 














CATHEDRAL OF 4ST. PETER*N® ST.PAULY 


June 8, 1884. In 1877 he delivered, on invitation, 
two lectures before the legislature of Missouri ; in 
1879 he preached at the dedication of the New 
York cathedral ; and in 1885 preached on the occa- 
sion of the bestowal of the pallium on Archbishop 
Corrigan. In November, 1888, he visited Rome 
to participate in the deliberations of the Ameri- 
can archbishops before the Third plenary council 
of Baltimore, and preached the opening sermon 
of the council in November, 1884, as well as the 
centennial sermon of the establishment of the 
Catholic hierarchy of the United States in 1889 ; 
was chosen orator by Cardinal Gibbons, when the 
latter received the cardinal’s hat in 1886 ; preached 
the sermon at the laying of the corner-stone of 
the National Trish Church of Patrick in Rome, 
1888, and delivered the address to his holiness 
Leo XIII., on presenting him with a copy of the 
constitution of the United States, the gift of 
President Grover Cleveland, on the occasion of 
the Pope’s Episcopal jubilee in 1888. The sil- 
ver jubilee of Archbishop Ryan’s elevation to the 
see of Philadelphia was celebrated by the Cath- 
olic Province of the Archdiocese of that city with 
elaborate ceremony in 1897. His published lec- 
tures include: What Catholics do not Believe 
(1877); The Causes of Modern Religious Skepti: 
cism (1888); Agnosticism (1895). In 1902 Arch- 
bishop Ryan dedicated the new R.C. chapel of 
St. Maron in Philadelphia, the house of worship 
for the Maronites, who are permitted to use their 
ancient liturgy in the Cyro-Chaldaic tongue. 
Archbishop Ryan received the honorary degree of 


RYAN 


LL.D. from the University of New York in 1864, 
and from the University of Pennsylvania in 1886, 
and was closely identified as one of the trustees 
with the promotion of the American Catholic 
university at Washington, D.C. <A jubilee cele- 
bration in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of 
Archbishop Ryan’s ordination was arranged for 
Sept. 8, 1903, by the clergy of the archdiocese. 
RYAN, Stephen Vincent, R.C. bishop, was 
born in Almonte, Ontario, Jan. 1, 1825; son of 
Martin and Catherine (McCarthy) Ryan. He re- 
moved with his parents at an early age to Potts- 
ville, Pa. ; attended St. Charles seminary, Phila- 
delphia, 1840-44, joining the Lazarist order at 
Cape Girardeau, Mo., in the latter year, and after 
continuing his theological studies at the semi- 
nary of St. Mary’s of the Barrens, Mo., was or- 
dained priest by Archbishop P. R. Kenrick, June 
24,1849. From 1851 to 1857 he was engaged as pro- 
fessor and prefect at St. Mary’s ; as professor at 
Cape Girardeau, and as president of the College of 
St. Vincent. In 1857, on the anniversary of his or- 
dination, he was made visitor of the Vincentian 


Fathers, making his home in St. Louis, Mo., and ~~ 


subsequently in Germantown, Pa., to which city 
the headquarters of the coramunity were trans- 
ferred largely through his influence. He was con- 
secrated second bishop of the diocese of Buffaloin 
St. Joseph’s cathedral, Buffalo, N.Y., Nov. 8, 1868, 
by Archbishop McCloskey of New York, assisted 
by Bishops Loughlin, McQuaid and Conroy. 
During his administration the diocese more than 
doubled the number of its churches and chapels, 
and also the number of its priests. Bishop Ryan 
bequeathed his property to the Roman Catholic 
church. He diedin Buffalo, N.Y., April 10, 1896. 

RYAN, Thomas, musician, was born in Temple 
Moor, Ireland, in +827 ; son of Michael and Ellen 
(Armstrong) Ryan. His father was a bandmas- 
ter in the British army. Thomas Ryan came to 
the United States in 1845, and was immediately 
engaged as a member of the orchestra of a theatre 
owned by William B. English, on Washington 
street, Boston, Mass., joining the orchestra at 
the Howard Athenzeum in 1846, and subsequently 
teaching and playing as opportunity offered. In 


November, 1849, the Mendelssohn Quintet club Fd 


gave its first public performance in Chickering 


Hall, Boston, Mr. Ryan rendering a clarinet con- — 


certo. He remained a member of the club until 
his death, touring through the United States, 
Australia, New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands. 
He was married, May 24, 1854, to Mary Helen, 
daughter of Eben Carlton and Eliza Badger 
(Jacobs) Ewins of Gilmanton, N.H. In 1878 he 
was active in inducing the club to establish the 


National College of Music in Tremont Temple, — 
Boston, but was obliged to abandon the enterprise — 


after one year, and in 1893 founded the Con- 


[584] 


5 





a 
7 





| 





RYAN 






































vatory of Music and Fine Arts at Augusta, 
a He was a member of the Boston Academy 
f Music, introducing for the first time in Boston 
) endelssohn’s ‘* Midsummer Night’s Dream ” and 
his own “Scotch Symphony ;” a member of the 
‘id fusical Fund society, and of the Orchestral union. 
Mr. Ryan was known as a talented player of the 
clarinet and viola, and as the composer of a 
number of quartettes for strings and clarinet, per- 
formed by the Mendelssohn Quintet club and by 
2 Sage as soloist. Heisthe author of: Recollec- 
ions of An Old Musician (1899). He died in New 
‘Be dford, Mass., while on his way from New York 
city to his home in Boston, Mass., March 5, 1903. 
RYAN, Thomas, representative, was born at 
Oxford, N.Y., Nov. 25, 1837. In’ early life he 
went with his parents to Bradford county, Pa., 
where he lived on a farm until 1854. He was a 
student at Dickinson seminary, Williamsport, 
Pa., and in 1861 was admitted tothe bar. He 
served in the Federal army, 1862-64; was severely 
wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, and was 
mustered out with the rank of captain. He was 
married, Nov. 24, 1863, to a daughter of Edwin 
Coolbaugh of Towanda, Pa. In 1865 he removed 
to Topeka, Kan., where he was county attorney, 
18¢ 65-73; assistant U.S. attorney for Kansas, 
8 3-76; and a Republican representative from 
he fourth district of Kansas in the 45th-50th con- 


ngress, but resigned to accept the office of U.S. 
ister to Mexico, where he served, 1889-93. 
again practised law in Topeka until 1897, 
n he was appointed by President McKinley 
; assistant secretary of the interior, and was 
tinued as such by President Roosevelt. 

YAN, William Henry, representative, was 
1 at Hopkinton, Mass., May 10, 1860; son 
trick and Jane (Cleary) Ryan. In 1866 he 
ved with his parents to Buffalo, N. Y., where 
educated in the public schools, and en- 
n business as a contractor. He was mar- 


ork in the 56th, 57th and 58th congresses, 


44 IER, James, educator, was born in Dublin, 
, Oct. 8, 1800. He came to the United 
s at an early age; entered the Society of 
1813; studied at Georgetown university, 
nd in Rome, Italy, and was ordained priest 
_ He was professor of theology and the 
riptures, College of Spoleto, Italy, 1825- 


: igning in 1839 to become pastor of St. 


ses, 1877-89. He was re-elected to the 5lst . 


RYLAND 


Mary’s church, Philadelphia, Pa. 
in Frederick, Md., 1840-41 ; president of George- 
town university, 1841-43 ; superior of the Jesuit 
order in the United States, 1848-45 ; president of 
the College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., 


“HOLY CROSS COLLEGE =: 


He was pastor 











(23 

wie agi tieeal AWnie it nia 
MuHa] Ny | 

Bo 


aie 
Tun I Hl were 
AY. i Ms " 


1846-48, and again reba of Georgetown uni- 
versity, 1848-51. He is the author of various ad- 
dresses and sermons. He died in Philadelphia, 
Pa., Jan. 12, 1860. 

RYDER, Platt Powell, artist, was born in 
Brooklyn, N.Y., June 11, 1821; son of Uriah and 
Mary Ann (Powell) Ryder ; grandson of Nathaniel 
and Phebe (Nostrand) Ryder, and of Jacob and 
Elizabeth (Sands) Powell, the latter of Quaker 
stock. Heattended the public schools and later 
the Brooklyn Art Association and Academy of De- 
sign, and the National Academy of Design, al- 
though he was in art mainly self-educated. He vis- 
ited Europe in 1860, and again in 1869, studying in 
London, Amsterdam,The Hague, and at the atelier 
of Bonnat in Paris, exhibiting two works in oil 
at the Salon in 1870. Ou his return in the latter 
year he painted genre subjects, interiors, with 
figures, landscapesand portraits, He also painted 
in water-colors, when leisure permitted. He was 
elected a member of the National Academy of 
Design in 1868, and was one of the founders of 
the Brooklyn Academy of Design. Mr. Ryder 
never married. His portrait subjects include: 
Miss Emily Cole, Katskill, N.Y.; Mrs. Dickinson, 
New York; Judge Alexander McCue and others 
of his family; Judge G. J. Dyckerman; Will- 
iam Marshall; Charles AL NUAP Aion 
the National Academy of Design; 8. R. Putnam ; 
George P. Putnam, for the trustees of the Metro- 
politan Museum of Art, and Gen. U. 8, Grant, 
which last portrait, though executed entirely 
from memory of the general's features, as studied 
at his various appearances in public assemblies, is 
said to be a striking likeness. His genre paint- 
ings include: The Christmas Turkey ; The House- 
keeper; Boys Playing Marbles (W. T. Evans col- 
lection); Eapectant ; On Guard ; Waiting for the 
Train. He died in Saratoga, N.Y., July 16, 1896. 

RYLAND, Charles Hill, educationist and min- 
ister, was born in King and Queen county, Vas 
Jan. 22, 1836; son of Samuel Peachey and Cath- 


Parsons, 


[585] 


RYLAND 


arine (Gaines) Hill Ryland. He was prepared 
for college at Fleetwood academy ; was a student 
at Richmond college, 1854-56, and was graduated 
at the Southern Baptist Theological seminary in 
1860. He was evangelist and colporteur in the 
Confederate army, 1861-65; was pastor at Bur- 
russ’s church, Mount Carmel, Va., 1863-66; gen- 
eral state superintendent of Sunday-schools, 1866- 
69, and was prominent in the first national Sun- 
day-school institute at St. Louis, 1869. He was 
married, Oct. 28, 1869, to Alice Marion, daughter 
of Dr. John Muscoe and Anne E. (Hancock) 
Garnett of King and Queen county, Va.; pastor 
in Alexandria, Va., 1869-74; financial secretary 
and librarian, Richmond college, 1874-1903. He 
was elected a trustee of Richmond college; a 
member of the corporation of Columbian univer- 
sity, D.C., and overseer, 1872-82, and founder of 
the Virginia Baptist Historical society, 1876. The 
degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Rich- 
mond college. 

RYLAND, Robert, educator, was born in King 
and Queen county, Va., March 14, 1805; son of 
Josiah and Catharine (Peachy) Ryland; grand- 
son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Hunley) Ryland, 
and great-grandson of Richard Hunley. He re- 
ceived a good preparatory training in private 
schools and academies near his home; was li- 
censed to preach in 1825, and ordained to the Bap- 
tist ministry in 1827. He was married, May 27, 
1830, to Josephine, daughter of Thomas and Ann 
(Mosby) Norvell of Richmond, Va. He was grad- 
uated from Columbian college, Washington, D.C., 
A.B., 1826, A.M. 1831; was pastor at Lynchburg, 
Va., 1827-31; principal of the Virginia Baptist 
seminary, Spring Farm, Henrico county, Va. (a 
manual labor school, which was removed to Rich- 
mond, Va., 18384), and served, 1832-40, and as 
president of its successor, Richmond college, 
1840-66. He resigned the presidency in 1866. 
He had served as chaplain of the University of Vir- 
ginia, 1834-36, and as pastor of the First African 
Baptist church, Richmond, 1842-67. He was 
president of the female seminary in Shelbyville, 
Ky., 1868-70; at Lexington, Ky., 1870-77, and at 
New Castle, Ky., 1877-80. He received the hon- 
orary degree of D.D. from Richmond college and 
from Shurtleff college, Ill. He is the author of: 
Lectures on the Apocalypse (1857); of several ad- 
dresses and published sermons, and of acatechism 
which was used for the oral instruction of the 
colored people in his church. Hedied in Lexing- 
ton, April 28, 1899. 


[586] 


RYLAND 







































RYLAND, William Semple, educator, was 
born in Richmond, Va., June 4, 1886; son of the 
Rev. Robert (q.v.) and Josephine (Norvell) Ry- 
land. He was graduated at Richmond college, 
of which his father was president, A.B., 1855, 
A.M., 1858; was pastor of the Baptist church at 
Winchester, Va., 1859-61 ; taught school in Clarke — 
county, 1861-63 ; was chaplain in the Confederate 
army, 1863-65 ; pastor and teacher at Frederick 
county, Va., 1865-67; Grenada, Miss., 1867-73, 
and Lexington, Ky., 1873-80; president of the 
Lexington Female college, 1877-80; president of — 
Bethel college, Ky., 1889-98, serving also as profes- _ 
sor of natural science, 1880-93, and as chairman of — 
the faculty, 1887-89, and in 1893 became pastor of 
churches in Logan county, Ky., residing at Rus- 
sellville. He was married at Racine, Wis., 
Sept. 29, 1870, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Dr, 
William J. Morton, a native of Shelby county, Ky. 
He received the degree of Ph.D. from Mercer uni- 
versity, Ga., in 1886, and that of D.D. from 
Georgetown, Ky., in 1887. 

RYORS, Alfred, educator, was born in Phila-— 
delphia, Pa., or Long Island, N.Y., June 28, 1812. 
Left an orphan at an early age in Philadelphia, 
he resided at Abington, Montgomery county, Pa., 
in the family of the Rev. Robert Steel, whose se- 
lect school he attended. He was graduated from 
Jefferson college, Pa., in 1835, meanwhile teach- 
ing Latin and Greek at C. J. Halderman’s school 
at Bristol, Pa., 1833-34; was principal of the pre- 
paratory department at Lafayette college, Pa., 
1885-36 ; adjunct professor of Latin and Greek, 
1836-37, and professor of mathematics in Ohio 
university, Athens, 1836-44. He was married in- 
1838 to Louisa, daughter of Judge Walker of 
Athens, Ohio. He was licensed to preach by the 
presbytery of Philadelphia in 1838 ; was professor 
of mathematics in Indiana university, 1844-48 ; 
was ordained by the presbytery of Salem, Ind., in 
1845, and preached in Bloomington, 1845-48 ; was 
president of Ohio university, 1848-52, and in 1852 
was elected president of Indiana university, but 
he resigned at the end of the first year, and sup- 
plied the pulpit of the First Presbyterian church 
of Madison, Ind., declining, however, to become 
their pastor. He was professor of mathematics 
in Centre college, stated supply of the Presby- 
terian church, New Princeton, and co-pastor elec 
of the Second church, Danville, Ky., 1854-58, 
The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on 
him by Indiana. university in 1848. He died in 
Danville, Ky., May 8, 1858. 


SABIN 













































SABIN, Dwight May, senator, was born on a 
farm near Marseilles, La Salle county, IL, April 
25, 1843; the youngest son of Horace C. and 
Maria E. Sabin; grandson of Jedediah Sabin, of 
Huguenot and Scotch descent, who shared in 
the original Roxbury grant, owning a large farm 
in Windham county, Conn., which had descended 
tohim from the earliest pioneers. His father, 
who had settled in Illinois, returned to Windham, 
Conn., in 1857. Dwight M. Sabin attended 
] Phillips academy, Andover, Mass. ; served in the 
Federal army for three months in 1863, and then 
engaged in farming and lumbering in Connecticut 
until 1868, when he settled in Stillwater, Minn., 
in the lumber business and as a manufacturer 
of railroad cars and agricultural machinery. 
He represented the twenty-second district in 
the Minnesota senate, 1872-73, and in the lower 
house, 1878 and 1881, and was a delegate to the 
ublican national conventions of 1872, 1876, 
1880 and 1884, serving as chairman in 1884. He 
was a U.S. senator from Minnesota, 1883-89, 
serving as chairman of the committee on rail- 
roads. He was married, July 1, 1891, to Jessie 
Larmon, daughter of Asahel and Susan Slee of 
Paducah, Ky. He died suddenly of heart failure 
at the Auditorium Annex, Chicago, Dec. 22, 1902. 
SABINE, James, clergyman, was born at 
Fareham, Hampshire, England, May 26, 1774; 
on of Sarah and Samuel (Beaker) Sabine. He 
ered the Presbyterian ministry, and was mar- 
,; Aug. 19, 1800, to Ann, daughter of Isaac 
Rachel (Jackson) Danford of Uley, Glouces- 
hire, England. He sailed from London with 
iis wife and seven children, May 6, 1816, and 
rrived, June 15, at St. Johns, Newfoundland, 
here he preached until after the two great fires 
devastated that city. He then removed to 
n, Mass., arriving, July 18, 1818, and there 
led the society in Boylston Hall, which later 
ne the Essex Street church, of which he was 
f{ minister. In 1828 he withdrew from the 
yterian church and took orders in the Pro- 
nt Episcopal church, being ordained priest 
He was the first rector of Grace church, 
oston, and in 1830 was transferred to Christ 

rch, Bethel, Vt., where he remained until 
leath. He is the author of: Ecclesiastical 
y (1820), and many published sermons. He 
in Randolph, Vt., at the residence of his 


.H., July 28, 1803; son of the Rey. Elijah 
on and Hannah (Clark) Sabine ; grandson 


k, and a descendant of William Sabine, 
not, who came from Wales to Rehoboth, 


SACKET 


S. 


Mass., in 1643. Elijah Robinson Sabine (1776- 
1818) was presiding elder of the Vermont and 
Rhode Island districts; was the first Methodist 
to serve as chaplain of the Massachusetts house 
of representatives, and was taken prisoner by the 
British during the war of 1812, for assisting in 
the military hospital. Lorenzo Sabine became 
book-keeper for the Passamaquoddy Bank, East- 
port, Me., and engaged as a frontier trader, 1834- 
48. He served three terms as representative in 
the Maine legislature, and afterward as deputy 
collector of customs. He removed to Massachu- 
setts in 1849; was confidential agent of the U.S 
treasury department in relation to the Ashburton 
treaty in 1852, and was a Whig representative in 
the 32d congress as successor to Benjamin Thomp- 
son, deceased, 1852-53. He was also secretary of 
the Boston Board of Trade, and wrote nine of its 
annual reports. He was a member of the New 
England Historic Genealogical society and of the 
Massachusetts Historical society ; and received 
the honorary degree A.M. from Bowdoin in 1846, 
and from Harvard in 1848. He is the author of : 
Life of Com. Edward Preble, in Sparks’s American 
Biography (1847); The American Loyalists, or 
Biographical Sketches of Adherents to the British 
Crown in the Revolution (1847; 2d. ed., 2 vols., 
1864); Reports on the Principal Fisheries of the 
American Seas, for the U.S. treasury department 
(1853); Notes on Duels and Duelling, with a Pre- 
liminary Historical Essay (1855 ; 2d. ed., 1856), and 
Address on the Hundredth Anniversary of the 
Death of Major-General James Wolfe (1859). He 
died in Boston, Mass., April 14, 1877. 

SACKET, Delos Bennet, soldier, was born at 
Cape Vincent, N.Y., April 14, 1822. He was 
graduated at the U.S. Military academy, brevet 
2d lieutenant in the 2d dragoons, July 1, 1845; 
served in the military occupation of Texas, 1845- 
46, and in the Mexican war, 1846-47, and was 
brevetted ist lieutenant, May 9, 1846, for gal- 
lantry at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. He 
was promoted 2d lieutenant, Ist dragoons, June 
30, 1846, and ist lieutenant, Dec. 27, 1848; 
assistant instructor in cavalry tactics at the U.S. 
Military academy, 1850-55 ; was promoted captain, 
1st cavalry, March 3, 1855; served in garrison and 
on the field, 1855-56, and on the board to revise 
the army regulations at Washington, 1856-57. 
He was engaged in quelling the Kansas disturb- 
ances; in the Utah and Cheyenne expedition 
and in the Antelope Hill expedition, 1857-59; 
was promoted major, Jan. a 1861, and lieutenant- 
colonel, 2d cavalry, May 3, 1861; and served as 
acting inspector- ar at Washington, D.C., 
June to August, 1861; as mustering and disburs- 
ing officer in New York city, August to Decem- 


was 


[587] 


SADLER 


ber, 1861, and was promoted inspector-general 
with the rank of colonel, Oct. 1, 1861. He was 
inspector-general, Army of the Potomac, 1861-68 ; 
served on McClellan’s staff inthe Peninsular and 
Maryland campaigns, and on Burnside’s staff in 
Virginia. He was in charge of the inspector- 
general’s office at Washington, D.C., in 1863; 
served successively on the boards to organize the 
invalid corps, and for retiring disabled officers, 
1863-64; was on inspection duty in the depart- 
ments of the Tennessee, Cumberland, Arkansas, 
and New Mexico, 1864-65, and on March 13, 1865, 

was brevetted brigadier-general for gallantry in 
the field during the war, and major-general for 
services during the war. He served on a tour of 
inspection to and through Montana Territory to 
the Pacific ocean in 1666; was inspector-general 
of the departments of the Tennessee and of the 
Cumberland, 1866-68; of the division of the 
Atlantic, 1868-72, and under general instructions 
from the war department, 1872-76. He was in- 
spector-general of the division of the Missouri, 
1876-81, and was promoted inspector-general of 
the army with the rank of brigadier-general, 
Jan. 2, 1881, succeeding Gen. Randolph B. 
Marey as senior inspector-general. He died at 
Washington, D.C., March 8, 1885. 

SADLER, Reinhold, governor of Nevada, was 
born in Prussia, Jan. 10, 1848; son of William 
and Wilhelmine Sadler. In 1864 he settled in 
Virginia City, Nev.; then spent a few years in 
Austin, and in 1868 entered mercantile business 
in White Pine county, where he was county com- 
missioner in 1872. Hewas married at Hamilton, 
White Pine county, in 1874, to Louise, daughter 
of William and Wilhelmine Zadow, and he later 
removed to Eureka county, where in 1875 he 

a was made county treasurer. 
He was unsuccessful candi- 
date for state senator, state 
&\ controller (1886), state treas- 
#/ urer, and  lieutenant-gov- 
’ ernorin 1890. He was elected 
in 1894 on the Silver party 

—— ticket, leutenant-governor, 
with John E. Jones for governor, and upon the 
death of Governor Jones, April 10, 1896, he suc- 
ceeded to the executive chair, completing the 
term, Jan. 1, 1899, and was re-elected, his term 
expiring, Jan. 1, 1903. 

SADTLER, Benjamin, educator, was born in 
Baltimore, Md., Dec. 25, 1828; son of Philip Ben- 
jamin and Catherine (Sauerwein) Sadtler ; grand- 
son of John and Christina (Strom) Sadtler, and 
of Peter and Catherine (Steenburger) Sauerwein. 
His father came to the United States from Hom- 
burg in 1799; settled in Baltimore, and served 
with credit as a captain in the battle of North 
Point in 1814, having raised and equipped a com- 





SADTLER 


pany at his own expense. The Steenburger fam- 
ily came from Holland and settled in Virginia 
early in the eighteenth century. Benjamin Sadt- 
ler was graduated at Pennsylvania college in 
1842, and at the theological seminary, Gettys- 
burg, in 1844. He was married, Oct. 25, 1845, to 
Caroline Elizabeth, daughter of the Rey. Dr, 
Samuel and Catherine (Steenburger) Schmucker 
of Gettysburg, Pa. He was pastor of the Lu- 
theran church at Pine Grove, Pa., 1845-49 ; Ship- 
pensburg, Pa., 1849-53; Middletown, Pa., 1853- 
56, and of St. John’s, Easton, Pa., 1856-62; prin- 
cipal of the College for Women, Lutherville, 
Md., 1862-76, and succeeded Frederick A. Muhlen- 
berg, D.D., as president of Muhlenberg college, 
Allentown, Pa., serving from 1876 until 1885, 
when he was disabled by an accident and retired 
to his home in Baltimore. He was a trustee of 
Pennsylvania college, 1862-77, and received the 
degree D.D. from there in 1867. He contributed 
to Lutheran periodicals, and is the author of the 
following discourses: A Rebellious Nation Re-- 
proved (1861), and The Causes and Remedies of 
the Losses of Her Population by the Lutheran 
Church in America (1878). 
City, N.J., April 28, 1901. 
SADTLER, Samuel Philip, chemist, was born — 
in Pine Grove, Pa., July 18, 1847; son of Benja- 


min (q.v.) and Caroline Elizabeth (Schmucker) — 


Sadtler, and a descendant on the maternal side of 


Thomas Beale, who came from England in 1649 — 
2 
He was gradu- 


and settled in York county, Va. 
ated at Pennsylvania college, A.B., 1867, A.M., 
1870; attended Lehigh university, 1867-68, and 


was graduated at Harvard, S.B., 1870, and at the — 


University of G6ttingen, Ph.D., in 1871. He was. 


professor of natural science in Ponnsylvaae col- — 


lege, 1871-74; assistant professor of chemistry in 
the University of Pennsylvania, 1874-86 ; profes- 


. . * . ‘ 
sor of organic and industrial chemistry there, 


1887-91, and of chemistry in the Philadelphia Col-_ 
lege of Pharmacy from 1879. He was married, 
Dec. 17, 1872, to Mary Julia, daughter of John C, 
Bridges of Baltimore, Md. In 1885 he visited and 


reported upon laboratories in Europe for the © 


trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, who 
were about to organize a laboratory of industrial 
chemistry, but subsequently resigned his profes- 


sorship and engaged in practice as a consulting — 
He was made a fellow of the 


chemical expert. 
Chemical societies of London and Berlin, of the 


American Association for the Advancement of 


Science, and a member of the American Chemi-_ 
cal society, the American Electro-Chemical so- 
ciety and the American Philosophical society, of 
which latter he also served for some years aS_ 
secretary. He received the honorary degree of | 
LL.D. from Pennsylvania college in 1902. He 
contributed to the American Journal of Phar- 


[588] ‘ 


He died at Atlantic — 











SAFFOLD 








































macy after 1879; edited Attfield’s ‘* Medical and 
‘Pharmaceutical Chemistry ” (8th ed., 1879); was 
chemical editor of the Encyclopedia Britannica, 
American reprint (9th ed., 1880-84), and of the 
“United States Dispensatory,” with Joseph P. 
Remington and Horatio C. Wood (15th, 16th, 17th 
and 18th eds., 1882-98); was made a member of 
the committee of revision of the ‘* United States 
_ Pharmacopoeia,” and is the author of : Handbook 
of Chemical Experimentation for Lectures (1877); 
Handbook of Industrial Organic Chemistry (1891- 
98), which passed through three editions and ap- 
peared in both German and Russian translations ; 
Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, with Vir- 
gil Coblentz (1899), and numerous addresses and 
lectures. 
_ SAFFOLD, Reuben, jurist, was born in Wilkes 
county, Ga., Sept. 4, 1788 ; son of Reuben Saffold, 
_a Revolutionary soldier residing in Wilkes county, 
o received a land grant in Washington county 
as a bounty for his services. Reuben Saffold, 
Jr., received a liberal education; studied law 
under Edward Payne, and engaged in practice 
at Watkinsville, Ga., until 1813, when he re- 
oved to Jackson, Miss. Ter. (now Clarke county, 
Ala.). He married, April 1,1811, Mary, daughter 
of Col. Joseph (a Revolutionary soldier) and Jane 
(Walker) Phillips, early settlers of South Alabama. 
He served as a private at the fight of Burnt Corn ; 
commanded a company against the Indians on 
the Perdido in 1814, and represented Clarke county 
in the territorial legislature. He was a member 
of the Alabama state constitutional convention 
in 1819; removed to Dallas county. Ala., in 1820; 
is judge of the circuit court of the state, 1819- 
; judge of the supreme court, 1832-36, and its 
lef justice, 1835-36, and resumed the practice 
law in 1836. He died in Dallas county, Ala., 
15, 1847, and was buried at his country place 


f Harry and Patience (Van Horne) Safford ; 
dson of Jonas and Joanna (Merrill) Safford, 
of Isaac and Dorothy (John) Marple Van 
lorne, and a descendant of Thomas Safford, who 
e from England to America in 1630, and was 
ing in Ipswich, Mass., 1641. His maternal 

dfather was descended from an ancient fam- 
Hollanders in the time the Dutch possessed 
w York, then called New Amsterdam. He 
s a soldier of the Revolution from first to last ; 
taken prisoner at Fort Washington, and was 
t at the surrender at Yorktown. James 
Safford was graduated from the Ohio uni- 
in 1844, and spent the following year in 
aduate study at Yale. He was professor 
natural science at Cumberland university, 
banon, Tenn., 1848-72, and was also state geol- 


Peg > 
1] 


4) 


SAFFORD 


ogist of Tennessee, 1854-60. He was married, 
Aug. 24, 1852, to Mrs. Catherine Kennedy (How- 
ard) Owen of Lebanon, Tenn. He was a mem- 
ber of the state board of health of Tennessee, 
1866-88. He was reappointed state geologist of 
Tennessee in 1871, 
and was continued in 
this office until 1889, 
In 1872 he was made 
professor of chemistry 
in the medical depart- 
ment of the Univer- 
sity of Nashville, 
which after 1874 was 
associated with the 
medical department 
of Vanderbilt univer- 
sity. He received the 
degrees of A.M. and 
Ph.D. from Yale in 
1866, and that of M.D. 
from the University 
of Nashville in 1872. In 1875 he accepted the 
chair of geology in Vanderbilt university, which 
position he held until 1900 (25 years), when ad- 
vanced age and ill health caused him to retire 
from active work. Besides many papers on geol- 
ogical subjects, he published : Geological Recon- 
noissance of Tennessee (1856); Geology of Ten- 
nessee (1869), and assisted in the preparation of 
‘Introduction to the Resources of Tennessee” 
(1874). As special agent of the U.S. census of 
1880 he made a ‘‘ Report on the Cotton Produc- 
tion of the State of Tennessee” (1884), and was 
an editor of ‘*The Elements of the Geology of 
Tennessee” (1900), a school book by Foster and 
Webb, Nashville, Tenn. After an active life, he 
resided in 1903 with his daughter, Mrs. D. H. 
Morrow, in Dallas, Texas. 

SAFFORD, Truman Henry, mathematician, 
was born in Royalton, Vt., Jan. 6, 1836. At an 
early age his remarkable mathematical ability 
attracted attention. In 1845 he prepared an 
almanac, and at the age of fourteen calculated 
the elliptic elements of the first comet of 1849. 
He graduated from Harvard in 1854, and spent 
several successive years in study at the observa- 
tory. He was officially connected with Harvard 
observatory, 1854-66, being assistant observer in 
the Astronomical observatory, 1863-66. He was 
professor of astronomy in the University of 
Chicago, and director of the Dearborn observa- 
tory, 1865-74: was connected with the U.S. coast 
survey, 1874-76, and was professor of astronomy, 
Williams college, 1876-1901. At different times, 
he devoted himself to computing the orbits of 
planets and comets, to making observations for 
a standard catalogue of right ascensions, to the 
study of the nebule, and to latitude and longi- 





St In 


[589] 


SAGE 


tude work in the territories for the U.S. corps of 
engineers. He was a Fellow of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences; associate of the 
Royal Astronomical society of England; a mem- 
ber of the Astronomische Gesellschaft, Leipzig ; 
a member of the Deutseher Geometer Verein, 
anda Fellow of the American Association for 
the Advancement of Science. In 1878 Williams 
college gave him the degree of Ph.D. He pub- 
lished a continual star catalogue for Williams 
college, and two polar-star catalogues for Har- 
vard observatory. He edited volumes ITV and V 
of the ‘‘ Annals of Harvard College Observatory,” 
and is the author of: Mathematical Teaching 
and Its Modern Methods. He died in Newark, 
N.J., June 13, 1901. 

SAGE, Henry Williams, philanthropist, was 
born in Middletown, Conn., Jan. 31, 1814; son of 
Charles and Sally (Williams) Sage; grandson of 
William and Elizabeth (Cook) Sage and of Josiah 
and Charity (Shaler) Williams, and a descendant 
of David Sage, Middletown, 1652. His father 
was shipwrecked on the Florida coast in 1838, 
and murdered by the Indians. He had prepared 
for college, but in 18382 removed to Ithaca, N.Y., 
and engaged in the mercantile business with his 
uncle. He married, Sept. 1, 1840, Susan, daughter 
of William Linn of Ithica. In 1854 he became in- 
terested in the lumber regions of Canada and the 
west, bought extensive tracts of timber land, 
and became successful as a lumber merchant. 
Later he erected the largest saw-mill in the 
country at Winona, Mich. He was a Whig 
member of the New York assembly in 1847; re- 
moved to Brooklyn, N.Y., in 1857, and returned 
to Ithaca in 1880. He was a trustee of Cornell 
university, 1870-97; president of the board, 1875- 
97; and gave to the university $266,000 for the 
Sage college for women ; $50,000 for the Susan 
Linn Sage chair and 200,000 for the Susan Linn 
Sage School of Philosophy; $260,000 and an 
endowment of $300,000 for the University Lib- 
rary building ; $20,000 to the Museum of Classical 
Archeology ; $11,000 for the erection of a house 
for the Sage professor of philosophy, and $30,000 
toward paying off a floating indebtedness. His 
other benefactions include the endowment of the 
Lyman Beecher lectureship on preaching at Yale 
college, the building and endowment of several 
churches and schools, and a public brary at 
West Bay City, Mich. After his death his resi- 
dence, valued at $80,000, together with an endow- 
ment of $100,000, was given to Cornell for a stu- 
dents’ hospital, by his sons Dean and William H. 
Sage. He died in Ithaca, N.Y., Sept. 17, 1897. 

SAGE, Russell, financier, was born im Shenan- 
doah, Verona township, Oneida county, N.Y., 
Aug. 4, 1816; son of Elisha and Prudence (Risley) 
Sage. His parents removed to Durhamville, 


[590] 
































SAGE 


Oneida county, in 1818, and there he worked on 
his father’s farm, and attended the district school. 
In 1828 he became errand-boy in the grocery store 
of his brother, Henry Risley Sage, at Troy, and in 
1837 engaged in partnership with his elder brother, 
Elisha Montague Sage, in a retail grocery store in 
Troy. A few years later, Russell bought out his — 
brother’s interest, and in 1839 made the business 
a wholesale concern, taking John W. Bates as 
his partner. The business rapidly increased, and 
he interested himself in politics, serving as alder- 
man of Troy, 1845-48, and treasurer of Rensselaer 
county for several years.. He was a delegate to 
the Whig national convention in 1848, where he 
supported Henry Clay as Presidential candidate; 
was the defeated Whig candidate for representa- 
tive in the 32d congress in 1850, and was elected 
a representative in the 33d and 34th congresses, 
serving, 1853-57, defeating Horatio Seymour, 1852. 
His father died in 1854, while he was in congress. 
In 1857 he engaged in financial business, through 
the influence of Jay Gould, and in 1863 removed 
to New York city, and opened a broker’s office in 
Wall Street, dealing principally in railroad stocks 
and bonds. He purchaseda seat in the New York 
stock exchange in 1874, and, in association with 
Jay Gould, became one of the most prominent 
operators on the street, amassing one of the largest 
private fortunes in the United States. his hold- — 
ings being estimated in 1903 at about $75,000,000. 
He was vice-president and president of the Mil- 
waukee and St. Paul railroad for many years ; a 
director of the Union Pacific railroad, and a 
manager of Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific, the 
Missouri Pacific, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, 
the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, and the 
St. Louis and San Francisco railroads. He was 
a manager of the American Cable company, the 
Western Union Telegraph company, a director of 
the Manhattan Elevated Railway company, pre- 
sident of the Standard Gas Light company of 
New York, and a director of the Merchants’ 
Trust company and the Fifth Avenue bank of — 
New York city. He presented the Troy Female 

seminary with a new dormitory costing $200,000, 
in honor of his second wife and the memory of _ 
Mrs. Willard, who was Mrs. Sage’s instructor, k 
and also gave $50,000 to the Woman’s Hospital in — 
the State of New York, of which Mrs. Sage was 
a patron, for the erection of a new building. He 
was twice married; first, in 1841, to Maria, 
daughter of Moses J. Winne of Troy, and secondly, 
in 1867, to Oliva, daughter of the Hon. Joseph F 
Slocum of Syracuse, N.Y., and a graduate of the 
Troy Female seminary. . ' 

SAGE, William, author, was born in Manches- 

ter, N.H., May 8, 1864; son of Daniel and Abby 
(Sage) McFarland. He assumed his mother’s 
maiden name, attended the celebrated ‘‘Gunnery” 


ng et, ae 
































: ST. CLAIR 


school in Washington, Conn., and studied in 
France and Germany, 1881-95. He wasemployed 
in the railroad and banking business, and in 1897 
lopted literature as a profession, beginning by 
writing short stories for magazines and news- 
papers. He is the author of: Robert Tournay 
(1900), and The Claybornes (1992). 

 ST.CLAIR, Arthur, soldier, was born in Thurso, 
Caithness, Scotland, in 1734; a descendant of 
William de St. Clair of Normandy, who settled 
in Scotland in the eleventh century, and from 
whom was also. descended the Earl of Roslin, 
generally, but erro- 
neously, supposed to 
have been the grand- 
father of Arthur St. 
Clair. At an early 
age he entered the 
University of Edin- 
burgh, and in 1755 
was indentured to 
Dr. William Hunter, 
the celebrated Lon- 
don physician. On 
the death of his 
mother in the winter 
of 1756-57, he pur- 
chased his time, ob- 
tained an ensign’s 
imission (dated May 13, 1757) in the Royal 


frey Amherst, and came to America, arriving 
re Louisburg in 1758. He took part in the 
re of that city, July 26, 1758; was com- 
ioned lieutenant, April 17, 1759; assigned 
he command of General Wolfe, and took a 
spicuous part in the attack on Quebec, and in 
e siege of Montreal and the capitulation of the 
ch posts in Canada, Sept. 8, 1760. St. Clair 
married in Boston in 1759, while on a fur- 
gh, to Phoebe, daughter of Belthazar Bayard, 
lary Bowdoin, his wife, who was a_ half 
_ Governor James Bowdoin (q.v.). By 
iage St. Clair received £40,000, a. legacy 
rife from her grandfather, and this, added 


ened his commission, April 16, 1762, and 
first in Boston and later in western 
Ivania, in the Ligonier Valley, where he 
rid ‘to have commanded Fort Ligonier, receiv- 
e title of captain. He became a large land 
is was prominent in the military and civil 
‘that section, and erected the first, and for 
ears the only, grist mill in that section. 
appointed surveyor for the district of 
and, April 5, 1770; justice of the court 
er sessions and common pleas in May, 
a was a member of the governor’s council 


Cum! nberland county, 1770-71. On the erec- 


ST. CLAIR 


tion of Bedford county in 1771, he was appointed 
by the governor a justice of the court, recorder 
of deeds, clerk of the Orphans’ court and prothon- 
otary of the court of common pleas, and in the 
same year, with Moses McLean, he ran a meridian 
line, nine and a half miles west of the meridian 
of Pittsburgh. In May, 1775, he participated in 
a meeting of the Scotch residents of Westmore- 
land, held to protest against British aggressions, 
and later in the same year, while acting as secre- 
tary to the commissioners sent to treat with the 
Indians at Fort Pitt, St. Clair suggested a volun- 
teer expedition to surprise Detroit, and engaged 
between 400 and 500 young men, who agreed to 
undertake the project, which, however, although 
strongly recommended to congress by the com- 
missioners, was disapproved by that body on the 
ground that Arnold’s forthcoming expedition 
would result in the fall not only of Quebec, but 
of Detroit. In December, 1775, St. Clair was com- 
missioned colonel of militia, and reported for 
duty at Philadelphia. On Jan. 22, 1776, he received 
orders to raise a regiment to serve in Canada, 
and on March 12, it left Philadelphia for the North, 
fully equipped, reaching Quebec, May 11, just in 
time to cover the retreat of General Thomas's 
army, which proceeded from that place to the 
mouth of the Sorel, having halted for a few days 
at Point Deschambault. Meantime St. Clair went 
to Montreal to consult with the committee of 
congress, and on May 15 he left for Sorel. On 
June 2, General Thomas died at Chambly, and 
the command devolved on General Thompson. 
On arriving at Sorel, St. Clair advised Thompson to 
occupy Three Rivers, and accordingly, on June 5, 
was despatched from the camp at Sorel to Nicolet, 
whence he was to cross the St. Lawrence. When 
Sullivan reached Sorel the same day and learned 
of the movement of St. Clair, he ordered Thomp- 








INVASION OF CANADA 
BY THE 


CONTINENTAL ARMY 





dune 1776 


e O> oA pnalmie 


son to follow him 
with three regi- 


ments, and on ar- 
riving at Nicolet, 
Thompson assumed 
command, The 
British, however, 
had been informed 
of the approach of 
the Americans, and 
had laid a trap to mislead them, through the aid of 
a guide, into a morass, in which the army of 
Thompson was nearly mired. In this dilemma 





; m [591] 


ST. CLAIR 


they were attacked by the British, and the disas- 
trous battle of Three Rivers followed, in which 
Thompson was taken prisoner, and the command 
of the retreating Americans devolved upon St. 
Clair, who, while feigning a second attack, with- 
drew his men and crossed the river in safety, 
reaching Sorel two or three days later. Sullivan 
then retreated to Crown Point, and later to Ti- 
conderoga. St. Clair was appointed brigadier- 
general, Aug. 9, 1776; left the northern depart- 
ment, and joined General Washington in New 
Jersey, where he organized the state militia. He 
commanded his brigade in the battles of Trenton 
and Princeton, and at the latter guarded the fords 
of the Assanpink and proposed to Washington 
turning the enemy’s left and marching to the 
North. In recognition of his distinguished services 
he was commissioned major-general,Feb. 19, 1777, 
and succeeded Colonel Reed as adjutant-general 
of the army in March, 1777. He was ordered 
to the northern department and appointed to the 
command of Fort Ticonderoga, reaching there, 
June 12, 1777, and finding a small garrison badly 
armed and clad and without magazines. His 


force of 2,200 was obviously inadeyuate to hold ~ 


the works against Burgoyne’s force of 7,863 well 
armed men, and St. Clair ordered the fort 
evacuated. The Americans were pursued by the 
British and reached Fort Edward, July 12, 1777. 
St. Clair was severely censured for evacuating 
the post. On Aug. 20, 1777, he left the northern 
department to report at headquarters and await 
an inquiry into his conduct. He demanded a 
court-martial, and joined in the campaign under 
Washington, serving as voluntary aide-de-camp 
at the battle of Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777. The 
court-martial was delayed until September, 1778, 
when it was held with Major-General Lincoln as 
president, and reached the following verdict : 
‘¢The court, having duly considered the charges 
against Major-General St. Clair, and the evidence, 
are unanimously of opinion, that he is not guilty of 
either of the charges preferred against him, and 
do unanimously acquit him of all and every 
of them with the highest honor.” He took part 
in the preparation of Gen. John Sullivan's expe- 
dition against the Six Nations ; was a member of 
the court-martial that condemned Major André; 
was in command at West Point in October, 1780, 
and in November was given temporary com- 
mand of the corps of light infantry until the 
return of General La Fayette. He was active in 
suppressing the mutiny among the Pennsylvania 
troops under Gen. Anthony Wayne in January, 
1781; engaged in raising troops in Pennsylvania, 
and in forwarding them to Virginia. He joined 
Washington in October, 1781, in time to take part 
in the surrender of Yorktown by Cornwallis. In 
1782 he returned to his home at Westmoreland, 


ST. CLAIR 


Pa., and found himself financially ruined. He 
was a member of the council of censors in 1783 ; 
was vendue-master of Philadelphia, and as a 
delegate from Pennsylvania took his seat in the 
Continental congress, Feb. 20, 1786, being elected 
its president, Feb. 2, 1787. On Oct. 5, 1787, he 
was elected first governor of the newly formed 
Northwestern Territory, and served at Fort Har- 
mer, Ohio, July 9, 1788. The civil government of 
the Territory was established, and Governor St. 
Clair took office at Marietta, July 15, 1788. He 
drafted a bill for the government of the North- 
western Territory, which was introduced in the 
U.S. house of representatives in July, 1789, and 
which passed both houses without opposition. 
This act gave the sanction of the national legisla- 
ture to all the important provisions of the famous 
ordinance of 1787 (see sketch of Manasseh Cutler), 
including the compact for the inhibition of 
slavery. St. Clair went to New York to conceré 
measures with General Knox for the settlement 
of the difficulties with the Indians on the borders, 
and while there assisted in the inauguration of 
President Washington, April 30, 1789. He 
seriously considered resigning the territorial 
governorship and returning to Pennsylvania to 
enter actively into political life, and in July, 
1789, he received a letter from James Wilson, 
asking if he would stand for the presidency of 
Pennsylvania. Later in the year, however, he 
returned to the west, and in the winter of 1790 
he was joined by his son Arthur, and his three 
daughters, Louisa, Jane and Margaret, Mrs. St. 
Clair remaining in the East. On Dec. 20, 1789, he 
started on a trip to the Illinois country, stopping 
en route at Fort Washington, where, on Jan. 4, 
1790, he issued a proclamation establishing Hamil- 
ton county. Courts were organized, officers and 
judges appointed and Cincinnati (so named by 
Governor St. Clair, it having previously been 
known as Losantiville) declared the county seat. 
The next and third county to be laid out was St. 
Clair county, April 27, 1790, with Kankoski as 
the county seat. Upon his recommendation it 
was decided to send a formidable military force 
into the Miami country against the Indians, and 
erect a series of forts, and he was appointed to 
conduct the expedition in person, being given the 
rank of major-general. Ina battle fought on a 
creek branching from the Wabash river, Noy. 4, 
1791, he was surprised, and the army of untrained 
soldiers fled in disorder to Fort Jefferson. The 
matter was thoroughly investigated by congress, 
and St. Clair was exonerated of all blame. He 
resigned his commission in the army, and was 
succeeded by Gen. Anthony Wayne. In 1796, 
after unsuccessful attempts to induce a com- 
petent lawyer to accept the office of attorney- 
general of the Territory, the governor prevailed 


[592] 



















































SAINT GAUDENS 
upon his son, Arthur St. Clair, Jr., a promising 
young attorney at Pittsburgh, to remove to 
Cincinnati and take the office. Thisstep, although 
a great personal sacrifice on the part of the son, 
later subjected the governor to unjust criticism. 
Early in 1802 charges were preferred against him, 
and on Noy. 22, he was removed from office by 
President Jefferson. His removal is generally 
acknowledged to have been a political partisan 
_ movement. Returning to Pennsylvania he gather- 
ed his family about him at Ligonier. Although 
at the beginning of the Revolution he had owned 
seven hundred acres of good land, which promised 
to become very valuable, his losses in the war 
were such that he was forced to give up his estate, 
which passed to James Galbraith, from him to 
James Ramsey and thence to his son, John Ram- 
sey, who founded upon it the town of Ligonier, Pa. 
> After the sale of his home he removed toa small 
log house on the summit of Chestnut Ridge, 
where he passed his remaining years in great 
s privation, his eldest daughter, Mrs. Louisa Robb, 
sharing his fortunes. The Pennsylvania legisla- 
ture granted him $400 a year in 1813, and in 1817 
ongress settled $2,000 anda pension of $60 a 
‘month upon him. He was a member of the 
_ American Philosophical society ; an original mem- 
ber of the Society of the Cincinnati, and president 
of the State Society for Pennsylvania, 1783-89 ; 
and is the author of : A Narrative of the Manner 
in which the Campaign Against the Indians in 
the Year 1791 was Conducted (1812). While 
driving to Youngstown for provisions, he was 
thrown from his wagon and fatally injured, The 
Masonic society erected a monument to his 
memory in the cemetery of Greensburg, Pa., 
bearing these words: ‘‘The Earthly Remains of 
Major-General Arthur St. Clair are deposited 
beneath this humble monument, which is erected 
:o supply the place of a nobler one due from his 
ntry.” See ‘‘The St. Clair Papers” by Wil- 
Henry Smith (2 vols., 1882). He died at 
stnut Ridge, Pa., Aug. 31, 1818. 
SAINT GAUDENS, Augustus, sculptor, was 
n in Dublin, Ireland, March 1, 1848; son of 
Bernard Paul Ernest and Mary (McGuinness) 
aint Gaudens. His father,a native of Saint 
‘audens, Haut Garonne in the Pyrenees, settled 
in Dublin early in the nineteenth century, and 
ce e to the United States with his wife and son 
in 1848, locating in New York. Augustus attended 
1 » public schools, studied drawing in the eve- 
ning classes of the Cooper Institute, 1861-65, and 
he National Academy of Design, 1865-66, and 
awhile learned the trade of a cameo cutter. 


ee 


ux Arts, Paris, 1867-70, and continued his 
in Rome, 1870-72, where he produced his 
e, Hiawatha, in1871. In 1872 he opened 





SAINT GAUDENS 


a studio in New York city, and made a second 
visit to Paris and Rome, 1878-80, removing his 
studio to Paris in 1898. He was married in 1877 
to Augusta F., daughter of Thomas J. Homer of 
Boston, Mass. He was made a National Acade- 
mician in 1889 ; a fellow of the American Academy 
of Arts and Sciences; a corresponding member 
of the Institute of France; an officer of the 
Legion of Honor ; president of the Society of 
American Artists, which he was instrumental in 
founding ; one of the founders of the American 
Academy in Rome; a member of the National 
Sculpture society, the Architectural league, the 
Century association, and of various social clubs 
of New York. He was also a supporter of the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art and the National 
Academy of Design. He was awarded a medal 
of honor at the Paris exhibition, 1900; a special 
medal of honor at the Pan-American exposition, 
Buffalo, 1901; and received the degrees LL.D. 
from Harvard and L.H.D. from Princeton in 
1897. His more important works include the bas- 
relief, Adoration of the Cross by Angels, in St. 
Thomas’s church, New York; statue of Admiral 
Farragut, New York city (1880); of Abraham 
Lincoln, Chicago, Ill. (1887); The Puritan, a 
statue of Samuel Chapin, Springfield, Mass. 
(1887); statues of John A. Logan, Chicago (1897), 
Peter Cooper, New York (1897); Shaw Memorial, 














ROBERT GOULD SHAW 


Boston Common, facing the State House, unveiled 
Memorial Day, 1897 ; figure over the grave of Mrs. 
Henrv Adams, Rock Creek cemetery, Washing- 
ton ; monument to General Sherman for New 
York (unveiled, 1903); portrait busts of William 
M. Evarts (1872-73), Theodore D. Woolsey (1876), 
andGen. William T. Sherman (1888), and medal- 
lions of Bastien Le Page (1879), Robert Louis 
Stevenson (1887), Rev. Henry W. Bellows. D.D., 
W. Dean Howells, Dr. James McCosh of Prince- 
ton, Mr. Justice Horace Gray (1901), Mr. and 
Mrs. Wayne McVeagh (1902), and many others. 
He also modeled the caryatids in the Cornelius 
Vanderbilt house, New York city ; the main fagade 


[593] 


ST. JOHN 


of the Boston Public library; assisted John La- 
Farge in the decorations of Trinity church, Boston, 
and in 1903 completed a portrait statue of Phillips 
Brooks for the triangular space between the north 
transept of the church and the chapel. 

ST. JOHN, Charles Elliott, clergyman, was 
born in Prairie du Chien, Wis., Dec. 19, 1856; son of 
Thomas Elliott and Henrietta (Knox) St. Jobn. 
He attended the high schooi in Worcester, Mass. ; 
was graduated from Harvard college, A.B., 1879, 
A.M., 1888, and from Harvard Divinity school, 
B.D., 1883; ordained to the Unitarian ministry 
in the latter year, and served as pastor of the 
Second Congregational church, Northampton, 
Mass., 1883-91. He was married, June 26, 1888, 
to Martha Elizabeth, daughter of George Draper 
and Martha (Plummer) Everett of Dover, Mass. 
He was pastor of the First Unitarian church, 
Pittsburg, Pa., 1891-1900, and in July, 1900, was 
appointed secretary of the American Unitarian 
association of Boston, Mass. 

ST. JOHN, Isaac Munroe, engineer, was born 
in Augusta, Ga., Nov. 19, 1827; son of Isaac R. 
and Abby R. (Munroe) St. John, He was grad- 
uated at Yale, A.B., 1845, A.M., 1848; studied 
law in New York city, and in 1847 became as- 
sistant editor of the Patriot, at Baltimore, Md. 
He subsequently engaged in civil engineering on 
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad until 1855, and 
superintended divisions in the construction of 
the Blue Ridge railroad in Georgia, 1855-61. He 
was a private in the Fort Hill Guards, South 
Carolina state troops, in February, 1861 ; was 
transferred to engineer duty in April, 1861, and 
became engineer-in-chief of the Confederate 
forces on the Peninsula under Gen. John B. 
Magruder. He was promoted major and chief of 
the mining and nitre bureau corps in May, 1862, 
and subsequently rose through the various grades 
to the rank of brigadier-general, attaining the 
position of commissary-general of the Confed- 
erate States army in 1865. He was married dur- 
ing the progress of the civil war to a daughter of 
Col. J. L. Carrington of Richmond, Va. He 
was chief engineer of the Louisville, Cincinnati 
and Lexington railroad, 1866-69 ; city engineer of 
Louisville, Ky., making its first topographical map 
and establishing the sewerage system, 1870-71, and 
consulting engineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
railroad, and chief engineer of the Lexington and 
Big Sandy railroad, 1871-80. He died at the Green- 
brier, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., April 7, 1880. 

ST. JOHN, John Pierce, governor of Kansas, 
was born in Brookville, Ind., Feb. 25, 1833; son 
of Samuel and Sophia (Snell) St. John; grand- 
son of Daniel and Mercy (Gardner) St. John. 
The St. Johns are of Huguenot descent. He 
worked on his father’s farm and in a country 
store; attended the district school, and removed 


ST. PALAIS 


to California in 1853, where he shipped for a voy- 
age to South America, Mexico, Central America 
and the Sandwich Islands. He also served in the 
Indian wars in California and Oregon, engaged 
in mining, and removed to Charleston, Ul., in 
1859. He was mar- 
ried, March 28, 1860, 
to Susan J. Parker, 
daughter of Col. Na- 
thaniel Parker of 
Charleston, Ill. He 
was admitted to the 
Illinois bar in 1861, 
practised in Charles- 
ton, and in 1862 was 
arrested and_ tried 
under the Illinois 
‘Black Laws,” on 
the criminal charge 
of harboring a colored 
person, and was ac- 
quitted. Heaided in 
organizing the 68th Illinois volunteers in 1862, in 
which he served as captain; was detached and 
assigned as acting assistant adjutant-general, 
under Gen. John P. Slough; commanded the 
troops at Camp Mattoon, Ul., in 1864; was appoint- 
ed lieutenant-colonel of the 143d Illinois infantry, 
and served in the Mississippi valley until the 
close of the war. He practised law in Independ- 
ence, Mo., 1865-69, and in Olathe, Kan., from 
1869; was a member of the Kansas senate, 1873- 
74; was Republican governor of the state for two 
terms, 1879-83, and was nominated for President 
of the United States on the Prohibition ticket in 
1884, from which year he advocated prohibition, 
woman suffrage, and the free coinage of both 
gold and silver. He also opposed the war in the 
Philippines, 1898-1901, and lectured extensively 
on these subjects. 

ST. PALAIS, James Maurice de Long d’Aus= 
sac de, R.C. bishop, was born at La Sslvatat, 
diocese of Montpelier, France, Nov. 15,1811. He 
attended the College of St. Nicholas du Chardonet 
at Paris, and the Seminary of St. Sulpice, 1830- 
36. He was ordained, May 28, 1836, at Paris, 





France, by Mgr. de Quelin, archbishop of Paris, — 


and was sent to America as a missionary. He 
arrived at Vincennes, Ind., and established a 
church about thirty-five miles east of that town. 
After building several churches in Indiana, he 
removed to Chicago in 1839, and began a labor 
among the Indians. In the face of much opposi- 
tion, he built St. Mary’s church, which became 
the first cathedral of the diocese of Chicago. In 
1844 he was removed to Logansport, in 1846 went 
to Madison, and in 1847 was appointed vicar- 
general and superior of the ecclesiastical semi- 
nary at Vincennes. He became administrator of 


[594] 





Ce ae 





» 








































SALISBURY 


i the diocese of Vincennes on the death of Bishop 
Bazin, April 23, 1848; was precanonized, Oct. 3, 
1848, and was consecrated bishop of Vincennes, 
nd., Jan. 14, 1849, by Bishop Niles of Nashville, 
assisted by Bishops Spalding of Louisville, and 
Hypolite Dupontance of Madison, Ind. He erected 
many churches and two orphan asylums ; per- 
suaded the Benedictines to send a colony to 
In indiana in 1849, and twice visited Europe in the 
rest of his diocese. He attended the Vatican 
council in 1869 and established the Franciscan 
Fathers at Oldenburg, and at Indianapolis. 
Many female orders owe their admission into the 
liocese to his administration. He died at St. 
y’s of the Woods, Vigo co., Ind., June 28, 1877 
SALISBURY, Edward Elbridge, orientalist,was 
born in Boston, Mass., April 6, 1814; son of Josiah 
and Abby (Breese) Salisbury ; grandson of Samuel 
and Elizabeth (Sewall) Salisbury and of Samuel 
und Elizabeth (Anderson) Breese, and a descend- 
int of John Salisbury of Boston, Mass., about 
689, and his second wife, Bridget Williams ; also 
Sidney Breese, who was in New York as early 
s 1733-34, and his wife, Elizabeth Penkethman. 
fe was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1832, A.M., 
1835; attended Yale Divinity school, 1832-35, 
nd studied Oriental languages under Silvestre de 
Sacy. Garcin de Tassy and Franz Bopp, 1836-39. 
He was married, first, April 27, 1886, to Abigail 
sbury, daughter of Edward and Mary (Salis- 
y) Phillips of Boston, Mass. ; and secondly, 
— 28, 1872, to Evelyn, daughter of Judge 
es Johnson and Sarah Ann (Lord) McCurdy 
yme, Conn. He was professor of Arabic and 
skrit languages and literature at Yale, 1841- 
which chair had been created for him, and in 
he divided the chair with William Dwight 
Vhitney, retaining the professorship of Arabic 
age and literature. He was corresponding 
iy of the American Oriental society and 
lent in 1863; was elected a member of 
ic society of Paris in 1838; correspond- 
mber of the Imperial Academy of Sciences 
les Lettres at Constantinople in 1855, 
e German Oriental society in 1859. The 
degree of LL.D. was conferred on him 
n 1869, and by Harvard in 1886. He 
Yale with his unequalled Sanskrit 
1 1870.. He conducted the Journal of 
rican Oriental society for several years, 
‘ibuted many articles. He is the author 
nt d the Diodati Family 2 sacha 


sbury. He died in New Haven, Conn., 


*" 
P 


SALM SALM 


SALLEY, Alexander Samuel, Jr., author, was 
born in Orangeburg county, 8.C., June 16, 1871 ; 
son of Alexander McQueen and Sallie (McMichael) 
Salley ; grandson of Alexander Samuel and Julia 
Eliza (Murrowe) Salley and of Cephas Manly and 
Rachel Elizabeth (Jennings) McMichael, and a 
descendant of Capt. John Salley (1740-17 94), of 
the Revolution. He attended Sheridan’s classical 
school, Orangeburg, S.C., 1881-87 : was graduated 
from the South Carolina Military academy, 1892 ; 
served on the engineer corps of the World's 
Columbian exposition, August-September, 1892 ; 
was private secretary to William Elliott, repre- 
sentative, 1896; employed on the News and 
Courier, Charleston, S.C., 1896-99 : admitted to 
the bar in the latter year, and also elected sec- 
retary and treasurer and librarian of the South 
Carolina Historical society. His publications 
include: History of Orangeburg County, S.C. 
(1898); Bibliography of William Gillmore Simms 
(1897), and Henry Timrod (1899) for the South- 
ern History association of Washington, D.C., and 
other bibliographies, reports and articles on 
historical subjects. He also edited The South 
Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine 
(Vols. 1, 2, 3 and 4, 1900-1903). 

SALLMON, William Henry, educator, was 
born in London, Ontario, Canada, Sept. 6, 1866 ; 
son of Christopher and Mary (MeMurdoch) Sall- 


mon. He was engaged in mercantile business in 
London, Ontario, 1884-85; was secretary of the 


Young Men’s Christian association, Port Henry, 
N.Y., 1886-87; Newburgh, N.Y., 1887-89, and 
was graduated from Yale, A.B., 1894, A.M.. 1897. 
He was traveling secretary of the Australasian 
Student Christian union, 1897-1900; traveled in 
Egypt, Palestine and Southeastern Europe, 1900 ; 
was a member of the Australasian Association 
for the Advancement of Science, 1897-1900 ; pas- 
tor of the South church. Bridgeport, Conn., 1902, 
and in January, 1903, became president of Carle- 
ton college, Northfield, Minn. He was married, 
Feb. 17, 1903, to Alice Bussey, daughter of Fred- 
erick and Mary (Baldwin) Trubee of Bridgeport, 
Conn. He is the author of several studies in the 
life of Jesus and of other religious publications. 
SALM SALM, Agnes, Princess, philanthro- 
pist, was born in Swanton, Vt., or Phillips- 
burg, Quebec, Dec. 25, 1840; daughter of William 
L. and Julia (Willard) Joy. She was married, 
Aug. 30, 1862, in Washington, D.C., to Prince 
Felix Salm Salm, then colonel and chief of statf 
to Gen. Louis Blenker, and became his insepa- 
rable companion throughout his varied and rom- 
antic career. During the civil war her unfailing 
cheerfulness, warm sympathies and womanly 
ministries endeared her to the men confined in 
the Federal hospitals. Her husband reached the 
rank of brigadier-general by brevet, April 13, 


¥: [595] 


SALOMON 


1865, and was later military governor of Atlanta, 
the popularity and influence of the Princess 
aiding materially in the recognition and reward 
of his talents as a soldier. In 1866 the Prince 
joined the forces of Maximilian in Mexico, and 
with him was captured at Queretaro, May 15, 1867, 
and condemned to death, his life being spared 
through the entreaties of the Princess, who rode 
day and night between his prison and the Liberal 
headquarters, negotiating terms, securing delay 
of judicial proceedings and beseeching President 
Juarez to release the emperor and her husband. 
For her efforts in his behalf Maximilian decorated 
her with the Grand Cordon of the Order of San 
Carlos; his mother, Archduchess Sophie, gave her 
his miniature set in an emerald bracelet, and the 
Emperor of Austria granted herapension, After 
Maximilian’s execution, Prince Salm Salm return- 
ed to Europe, published in 1868, ‘* My Diary in 
Mexico,” and was appointed major of the Queen 
Augusta regiment of the Prussian guards, his 
wife obtaining permission from General von 
Steinmetz in July, 1870, to accompany his staff 
_ with the army of invasion in the Franco-Prussian 
war. Prince Salm Salm was killed while heroic- 
ally leading his battalion at Gravelotte, Aug. 
18, 1870. Both before and after the death of her 
husband, Princess Salm Salm exerted herself to 
the utmost, organizing hospitals and distributing 
supplies among the sick and wounded, She was 
recommended for the Order of the Iron Cross (an 
honor reserved for men) and received the Prus- 
sian medal of honor made from captured cannon, 
a bracelet from Empress Augusta, and letters of 
thanks from the commanding generals of the 
armies in whichshe ministered. She married sec- 
ondly, 1876, Charles Heneage, of the British em- 
bassy at Berlin. In 1899 she revisited the United 
States, to restore to the survivors, flags of the 8th 
and 68th New York regiments which her husband 
had commanded, and she was made an honorary 
member of the Blenker Veteran association. In 
the same year she was also made an honorary 
member of the New York Chapter, Daughters of 
the American Revolution. She returned to 
America again in 1900 for the purpose of raising 
funds to equip an ambulance corps for the relief 
of the wounded in the South African war. She 
is the author of: Ten Years of My Life (1875). 
SALOMON, Edward, governor of Wisconsin, 
was born at Stroebeck, near Halberstadt, Prussia, 
Aug. 11, 1828; son of Christoph and Dorothea 
(Klussmann) Salomon. He was a student at the 
College at Halberstadt and the University of 
Berlin, and in 1849 came to the United States with 
his brother, Frederick, and settled at Manitowoc, 
Wis., where he was successively school teacher, 
county surveyor and deputy clerk of the circuit 
court. In 1855 he was admitted to the bar in 


SALPOINTE 


Milwaukee, Wis., and practised law there until 
1869. He was married, May 14, 1858, to Elise 
Nebel of Liege, Belgium. He was elected lieu- 
tenant-governor of Wiscon- 
sin on the Republican ticket 
with Louis P. Harvey, Re- 
publican and Independent, 
for governor in 1861, and on 
April 19, 1862, on the death 
of Governor Harvey, suc- 
ceeded to the office, and filled ; 
it until Jan. 4, 1864. He engaged in the practice 
of law in New York city in 1869, where he be- 
came consul for the German empire. In May, 


1894, he retired from business and settled at 
Frankfort-on-Main, Germany. 


SALOMON, Frederick, soldier, was born near 
Halberstadt, Prussia, April 7, 1826; son of Chris- 
toph and Dorothea Salomon. Christoph Salomon 
was an officer in the army, and later in the civil 
service of Prussia. Frederick Salomon was edu- 
cated in the gymnasium at Halberstadt, became 
a government surveyor, and subsequently a lieu- 
tenant of artillery. He attended the Berlin 
school of architecture in 1848, and in 1849 immi- 
grated to the United States with his brother 





Edward, and engaged in surveying at Manitowoc, — 


Wis. He wascounty register of deeds four years; 
chief engineer of the Manitowoc and Wisconsin 
railroad, 1857-59, and in 1861 entered the 5th Mis- 
souri volunteers as captain for three months, sery- 
ing at Carthage, Dug Springsand Wilson's Creek. 
In January, 1862, he was appointed colonel, 9th 
Wisconsin infantry, which he commanded at 
Fort Scott, Kan. 
general of volunteers, July 10, 1862, command- 
ing the 2d brigade in the Indian expedition and 
the 1st brigade, Army of the Frontier, in the 
battles of Newtonia, Mo., Cane Hill, Ark., and 
Prairie Grove, Mo. He was assigned to the com- 
mand of the 2d brigade in Gen. A. P. Hovey’s 
division in January, 1863; on May 15, 1863, to 
the command of the 13th division, Army of the 
Tennessee, and on June 2, 1863, of all the United 


States forces around Helena, Ark., where he — 


defeated the enemy under General Holmes, July 
4, 1863. He was placed in command of the 8d 


division, 7th army corps, Sept. 27, 1863, served — 
in the Red River expedition, 1864, and in Arkan-— 


sas, 1864-65. In March, 1865, he was brevetted 
major-general of volunteers, and was mustered 
out, Aug. 25, 1865. 
Utah Territory, where he served as surveyor- 
general for several years. 
Utah, March 9, 1897. 
SALPOINTE, Jean Baptist, R.C. archbishop, 
was born at St. Maurice, France, Feb. 21, 1825, 
He was prepared for college in Ajain, and attended 
successively the College of Clermont and the 


1596] 





He was promoted brigadier- — 


He subsequently settled in 


He died at Salt Lake, © 





= 











































SALTER 


Seminary of Clermont, Ferraud, where he was 
ordained priest, Dec. 20, 1851. He was profes- 
sorin the preparatory Seminary of Clermont, 
1851-59 ; and came to the United States in 1859, 
engaging in missionary work as parish priest at 
~ Mora, New Mexico, 1859-66, and as vicar-general 
‘of Arizona, 1866-68. He was elected bishop of 
“Doryla” in partibus and vicar-apostolic of 
_ Arizona, Sept. 25, 1868, and was consecrated at 
Clermont, Ferraud, France, June 20, 1869. His 
diocese included Arizona, New Mexico and part 
_of Texas, in which he organized many new con- 
_ gregations, schools and hospitals. He was trans- 
ferred to Santa Fé, New Mexico, as coadjutor to 
Archbishop Lamy, April 22, 1884; was promoted 
titular archbishop of ‘‘ Anazarba,” Oct. 3, 1884, 
and succeeded to the see of Santa Fe, July 18, 
1885. He resigned the archbishopric, Jan. 7, 
1894; received the title ‘‘ Archbishop of Tomi” in 
vaio Jan. 21, 1894, and retired to Bussieres, 
Pruns, Paraigueperse, Puy de Dome, France. He 
died in Tucson, Arizona, July 16, 1898. 
SALTER, Moses Buckingham, A.M.E. bishop, 
was born in Charleston, S.C., Feb. 18, 1841; son 
‘of Moses Buckingham and Mary M. Salter. He 
joined the Methodist church, 1856; was a class 
leader, 1860; one of the founders of the A.M.E, 
church in Charleston, 8.C., 1865 ; ordained deacon, 
a elder, 1868; was re roineceldes of Aiken 
district, 1868-70, and a student in Wilberforce 
Risiversity, 1870-74. He was married, Sept. 2, 
i 1874, to Priscilla Smith of Aiken; was pastor of 
Emanuel church, Charleston, 1875, and served 
various other pastorates until his consecration as 
ae in 1892. In 1903 his residence was in 
Charleston, S.C. 

SALTER, William Dayton, naval officer, was 
born in New York city, Aug. 23, 1794; son of 
Thomas and Charlotte (Dayton) Salter; grand- 
son of Manassah and Catharine (Wright) Salter, 
and of Jonathan Dayton, and a descendant of 
Richard Salter, who came from England to Mon- 
1665, and Sarah Bowne, 
his wife. 
William 
Dayton Sal- 
ter was 
appointed 
midship- 
man in the 
U.S. navy, 
Nov. 15, 
2 1809; serv- 


THE FRIGATE 
CONSTITUTION, 


ere, Aug. 19, 1812, and was the last survivor 
crew of the Constitution in 1868. He was 
oted lieutenant, Dec. 9, 1814; commander, 
3, 1831, and captain, March 3, 1839. He 


_ ee 


SALTONSTALL 


was married to Margaret Armstrong. He was 
placed on the reserved list, Jan. 4, 1856: com- 


manded the navy yard at Brooklyn, N.Y., 1856- 
59, and was promoted commodore on the reserved 
list, April 4, 1867. He died at Elizabeth, N.J., 


Jan. 3, 1869. 
SALTONSTALL, Dudley, naval officer, was 
born in New London, Conn., Sept. 8, 1738; son 


of Gurdon (q.v.) and Rebecca (Winthrop) Salton- 
stall. He received a liberal education, and be- 
came a sea captain in the merchant service. He 
was married in 1765 to Frances, daughter of Dr. 
Joshua Babcock of Westerly, R.1. 
ed the Alfred, flagship of Commander-in-Chief 
Esek Hopkins’s squadron, of which John Paul 
Jones was second in command, and in February, 
1776, took part inthe attack on New Providence, 
and with Abraham Whiffle was brought 
the marine committee with Admiral Hopkins, 
charged with breach of orders, but the captain 
was acquitted, and be was appointed fourth in 
the list of captains in the Continental navy, 
Oct. 10, 1776, and transferred to the frigate 
Trumbull. He was commodore of the fleet that 
sailed from Boston in July, 1779, for the purpose 
of reducing the British post at Castine, Maine. 
Gen. Solomon Lovell commanding the militia, 
refused to co-operate with Saltonstall, and the 
attack was delayed till the arrival of Sir 
Collier with a superior navalforce. Inthe attack 
which followed, the American vessels were aban- 
doned or burned, and the soldiers and sailors 
marched through the wilderness to Falmouth and 
thence to Boston, A court of inquiry shielded 
the state militia, and laid the blame upon Salton- 
stall, a Continental officer, hoping to make the 
Continental government responsible in part for 
the $7,000,000 which the expedition had cost 
Massachusetts. 
vice, Oct. 7, 1779, and subsequently commanded 
the privateer Minerva, capturing among other 
prizes the Hannah, a British merchant ship,avith 
a cargo valued at £80,000. He died in the West 
Indies in 1796. 

SALTONSTALL, Gurdon, governor of Con- 
necticut, was born in Haverhill, Mass., March 27, 


He command- 


before 


George 


He was dismissed from the ser- 


1666; son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Ward) 
Saltonstall; grandson of Richard and Muriel 
(Gurdon) Saltonstall and of the Rev. John and 


Alice (Edmunds) Ward, anda descendant of Sir 


Richard and Grace (Kaye) Saltonstall. He was 
graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1684, A.M., 1687 
served as butler of the college, 1684-85 ; was or- 


dained minister of the church at New London, 
Conn., Nov. 25, 1691 ; celebrated as a 
preacher, and was invited to accompany Win- 
throp to England to settle political diffic sulties in 
1693. He was chosen to succeed Gov. Fitz-John 
Winthrop in office at the latter's death, and 


became 


‘ [597] 





, 2 


SALTONSTALL 


served as governor by annual election, 1708-24. 
He refused to be agent of the colony conveying 
the address to Queen Anne urging the conquest 
of Canada in 1709, but aided in raising a large 
force for the disastrous expedition of Sir Hoven- 
den Walker, and in 1718 became personally re- 
sponsible for the credit of the colony, which had 
become involved through the expenses incurred 
in Canada. The Saybrook platform, which re- 
sulted from his urging ecclesiastical discipline, 
was in some important respects in harmony with 
the Presbyterian polity. He was instrumental in 
introducing the printing press into the colony, 
setting the first one up in his residence in 1709, 
and was also prominent in locating Yale college 
at New Haven, instead of at Hartford. He was 
married first, to Jerusha, daughter of James and 
Sarah (Gibbons) kichards of Hartford, Conn. ; 
secondly, to Elizabeth, daughter of William and 
Catherine (Russell) Rosewell of Branford, Conn., 
and thirdly, to Mary, daughter of William and 
Mary (Lawrence) Whittingham of Boston, Mass., 
and widow of William Clarke. He died in New 
London, Conn., Sept. 20, 1724. 

SALTONSTALL, Leverett, representative, 
was born in Haverhill, Mass., June 13, 1783 ; son 
of Dr. Nathaniel and Anna (White) Saltonstall ; 
grandson of Col. Richard and Mary (Cooke) 
Saltonstall and of Samuel White, and a descen- 
dant of Sir Richard Saltonstall. He attended 
Phillips academy at Exeter; was graduated at 
Harvard, A.B., 1802, A.M., 1805 ; studied law under 
William Prescott at Salem, and practised there, 
1805-45. He was married, March7, 1811, to Mary 
Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Sanders of Salem, 
Mass. He was a member and speaker of the 
Massachusetts house of representatives ; presi- 
dent of the senate in 1831; first mayor of Salem, 
1836-38, and a presidential elector onthe Webster 
ticket in 1837. He was a Whig representative in 
the 25th congress as successor to Stephen C, 
Phillips, resigned, and in the 26th and 27th con- 
gresses, serving, 1838-43. He was an overseer of 
Harvard, 1835-45; a fellow of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences; president of the 
Bible society, the Essex Agricultural society, the 
Essex Bar association, and a member of the Mass- 
achusetts Historical society. At his death he left 
most of his library to Philips Exeter academy, 
and a sum of money to purchase books for the 
Harvard library. He istheauthor of : Historical 
Sketch of Haverhill. We received the honorary 
degrees: A.B. from Yale in 1802, A.M. from 
Bowdoin in 1806 and LL.D. from Harvard in 
1838. He died in Salem, Mass., May 8, 1845. 

SALTUS, Edgar Evertson, author and jour- 
nalist, was born in New York city, Oct. 8, 1858; 
son of Francis Henry and Eliza (Evertson) Saltus ; 
grandson of Francis and Mary (Dykers) Saltus 


_ bama. 


SAMPLE 


and of Edgar and Adelaide (Dickinson) Evertson, 
and a descendant of Admiral Cornelius Evertson, 
who took New York city, Aug. 9, 1673. He was 
graduated from St. Paul’s school, Concord, N.H. ; 
studied at Sorbonne, Paris, and in Heidelberg 
and Munich, and received his degree of LL.B. 
from Columbia college in 1880. He is the author 
of : Balzac: a Study (1884) ; The Philosophy of 
Disenchantment (1885) ; The Anatomy of Negation 
(1887) ; Mr. Inéoul’s Misadventure (1887) ; The 


Truth about Tristram Varick (1888) ; The Pace. 


that Kills (1888) ; Eden (1888) ; A Transaction in 
Hearts (1889) ; Mary Magdalen (1892) ; Imperial 
Purple (1893) ; When Dreams Come True (1895), 
and many magazine articles. 

SAMFORD, William James, governor of 
Alabama, was born in Greenville, Meriwether 
county, Ga., Sept. 16, 1844; son of William 


Flewellen and Susan (Dodwell) Samford; grand-_ 


son of Thomas and Jane (Burleson) Samford and 
of Louis J. and Elizabeth 
(Farley) Dodwell. The Dow- 
dells are Virginians of Irish 
descent; and Elizabeth Far- 
ley was the daughter of \ 
Arthur and Ann (Tinsley) 
Farley of Powhatan county, 
Va. He attended the common 
schools of Greenville, the East Alabama Male col- 
lege at Auburn and the University of Georgia, but 
did not graduate. He enlisted in the 46th Ala- 
bama regiment, Confederate States army, in 1862; 
was promoted lieutenant, and served throughout 
the war. He was admitted to the bar and began 
practice in 1867 at Opelika, Ala., where he con- 
tinued to reside until his death. He was mar- 
ried, Oct. 381, 1865, to Caroline Elizabeth, daughter 
of Dr. John H. and Mary (Williams) Drake, 
natives of North Carolina, but residents of Ala- 
He was a member of the state constitu- 
tional convention of Alabama in 1875; was a 
Democratic presidential elector in 1872 and 1876; 
a representative in the 46th congress, 1879-81 ; 
a representative in the state legislature, 1882; 
and state senator, 1884-86 and 1892, serving as 
president of the senate in 1886. 
of Alabama, 1900-01. He became a member of 
the Historical Society of Alabama, Jan. 2, 1899. 
While ‘in attendance on the annual meeting of 
the board of trustees of the University of Ala- 
bama, of which board he was the official head, he’ 
died in Tuscaloosa, Ala., June 11, 1901. 
SAMPLE, Robert Fleming, clergyman, was 
born in Corning, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1829 ; son of John 





and Jane (Wilson) Sample; grandson of John- 


and Mary (McCormick) Sample and of William 
and Ann (Shannon) Wilson. and a descendant of 
John Sample, whose family emigrated from 
Normandy to Edinburgh and Renfrew in the time 


[598] 


He was governor | 


v= 











ane. 


SAMPSON 

















































of John Knox. The original name was Saint 
Paul, of which Senpall and Sampall were early 
corruptions. He was graduated from Jefferson 
college, 1849, and from the Western Theological 
seminary in 1853, and was married, March 31, 
1853, to Nannie Mathews, daughter of Henry and 
artha (Simcox) Bracken of Canonsburg, Pa. 

He was pastor of the First Presbyterian church 
f Mercer, Pa., 1853-56; at Bedford, Pa., 1856-66 ; 
ptated supply of the Andrew church, Minneapolis, 
1866-68, and pastor of the Westminster church, 
Minneapolis, 1868-87, and in 1887 became pastor 
ol the Westminster Presbyterian church, New 
York city, and pastor emeritus, 1901. He was 
director of the McCormick Theological seminary, 
1876-89 ; trustee of Macalester college, St. Paul, 
Minn., 1880-88, and of Lincoln university from 
1892, where he also served as professor of Christian 
ethics. He became associate editor of North and 
West, 1895, and a member of the board of publi- 
sation, of aid for colleges and of church erec- 
n at various times; a delegate to the Pan- 
esbyterian council at Belfast and later at 
Vushington ; moderator of the General assembly 
the Presbyterian church of the United States 
America in 1899 ; a member of the Presbyterian 
uni ion of New York, and of the Pan-Presbyterian 
Church council. He received the degree of D.D. 
f from Wooster university, 1876, and that of LL.D. 
rom Washington and Jefferson college in 1898. 
fe traveled extensively in America, Europe, 
lestine and Egypt. Among his writings are: 

rly Dawn (1861) ; Shining Light (1862) ; Clouds 
r Rain (1863) ; Sunset (1864) ; Memoir of Rev. 
¥. Thom (1868) ; Beacon Lights of the Reforma- 
(1889) ; Christ's Valedictory (1900) ; Griev- 
g of the Spirit (1902) ; and was a contributor to 
-rinceton Review, Homiletie Review, Pulpit 
ry and Southern Presbyterian Quarterly. 
MPSON, Archibald J., diplomatist, was 
near Cadiz, Ohio, June 21, 1839. He was 
ated from Mount Union college, Ohio, B.S., 
erved in the civil war, 1861-65, attaining 
k of captain, and on his return was grad- 
rom the Cleveland Law school, LL.B., 
He was admitted to the bar, 1865, and 
practice in Sedalia, Mo. ; refused nomina- 
the state legislature, 1872, and the U.S. 
hip to Palestine, 1873, removing in the 
rear to Colorado, where he served as 
y-general, 1876. He was U.S. consul to 
. del Norte, Mexico, 1889-93; settled in 
_ Ariz., 1898, and was appointed envoy 
rdinary and minister plenipotentiary to 
r, South America, in 1897, making his 
‘e in Quito. He still retained this office 
He was married first, in 1866, to Kate 
f Cadiz, Ohio, who died in 1886; and 


SAMPSON 


Ill. He received the degree of A.M. from Mount 
Union college in 1879, 

SAMPSON, John Patterson, author, was born 
at Wilmington, N.C., Aug. 13, 1839: son of 
James Drawhorn and Fanny (Kellogg) Sampson ; 
grandson of Drawhorn and Susan Sampson and 
of Manerva (Green) Kellogg, and of Scottish, 
Indian and African descent. He attended school 
in Cambridge and Boston, Mass.. and was grad- 
uated from the National Law university, Wash- 
ington, D.C., LL.B., 1868. He published the 
Colored Citizen, advocating the enlistment of 
negroes, 1861-65 ; took an active part in the re- 
construction, 1865-68, and attended Western 
Theological seminary, Allegheny, Pa., 1868-69. 
He was a political worker in North Carolina, 
1869-82 ; holding various Federal offices, practis- 
ing law in Washington, and being a frequent but 
unsuccessful candidate for representative in the 
North Carolina state legislature and in congress, 
relinquishing political life and the law in 1882, 
to become a minister in the African M.E. church. 
He was'one of the founders and for several years 
president of the board of managers of the Fred- 
erick Douglass Memorial hospital and training 
school, Philadelphia, founded, 1895. He was mar- 
ried, Sept. 10, 1889, to Mary A., daughter of Abner 
and Mary Elizabeth Cole of Bordentown, N.J. 
He received the degree D.D. from Wilberforce 
university in 1888, andis the author of : 
Sense Physiology (1880); The Disappointed Bride 
(1883); Temperament and Phrenology of Mixed 
Races (1884); Jolly People (1886), and Illustra- 
tions in Theology (1888). 

SAMPSON, Thornton Rogers, educator, 
born in Prince Edward, Va., Oct. 9, 1852; 
the Rey. Dr. Francis and Caroline (Dudley) 
Sampson ; grandson of Richard and Mary (Rogers) 
Sampson, and of Russell and Mary (Baldwin) 
Dudley, and a descendant of Col. William Byrd 
of Virginia, and Maria Horsmanden, his wife, 
and of George Baldwin of Milford, Conn. He 
was graduated from Hampden-Sidney college 
A.B., 1871; continued his studies in the univer- 
sities of Virginia and Leipzig, and studied the- 
ology in Edinburgh, Scotland, and in Union 
seminary, Richmond, Va. He was married, 
April 30, 1878, to Ella, daughter of Francis and 
Helen (Lake) Royster of Memphis, Tenn. He 
was engaged in mission work among the Greeks 
in Athens and Thessalonica, 1878-92 ; 
retary of foreign missions, Presbyterian synod of 
North Carolina, 1892-94; president of the As- 
sembly’s home and school, Fredericksburg, Va., 
1894-97; of Austin college, Sherman, Texas, 
1897-1900, and in June of the latter year became 
president of the Austin Presbyterian Theological 
seminary. He received the honorary degree of 
D.D. from Davidson college, N.C., in 1893. 


Common 


was 


son of 


was sec- 


[599] 


SAMPSON 


SAMPSON, William Harkness, clergyman, 
was born in Brattleboro, Vt., Sept. 13, 1808 ; son of 
Thomas and Eliza (Darling) Sampson; grandson 
of Nathaniel and Nancy (Harkness) Sampson and 
of Benjamin and Nancy Darling, and of English 
ancestry. He attended Ovid academy and Gene- 
see Wesleyan seminary, N.Y.; taught school in 
New York state, 1832-35 ; was licensed to preach 
in 1834; was principal of School Craft academy, 
Mich., 1838, and principal of Carlisle academy, 
Ind., 1841-42. He was received in the Indiana 
conference in 1840; was elected in the Michigan 
conference, 1842, and transferred to the Rock 
River conference, serving as pastor at Milwau- 
kee, Wis., 1842-44, andas presiding elder of Green 
Bay district, Wis., 1844-48. He was first presi- 
dent of the Lawrence Institute of Wisconsin 
(now Lawrence university), Appleton, Wis., 1849- 
53; professor of mathematics at the institute, 
1853-58, and held various pastorates in Wiscon- 
sin, 1861-83, when he removed to Tacoma, Wash. 
He was three times married: first, Oct. 4, 1888, 
to Rhoda, daughter of Parlia Beebe of Cazenovia, 
New York; secondly, Jan. 2, 1855, to Susan 
Minerva, daughter of Rev. Julius and Minerva 
(Kellogg) Field of New York state; thirdly to 
Mrs. Sarah Kate Luther of Whitewater, Wis., on 
Sept. 10, 1862. He received the honorary degree 
of A.M. from McKendree college, Lebanon, IIlL., 
in 1856. He was actively interested in the Puget 
Sound university, Tacoma, to which he donated 
his private library and a sum of money for addi- 
tions. He died in Tacoma, Wash., Feb. 5, 1892. 

SAMPSON, William Thomas, naval officer, 
was born in Palmyva, N.Y., Feb. 9, 1840; son of 
James and Hannah (Walker) Sampson, who emi- 
grated from the north of Ireland, and settled in 
Palmyra, where his father wasa laborer. William 
attended the public 
schools and studied 
at home, and in 1857, 
through the influence 
of E. B. Morgan, 
he was appointed a 
midshipman in the 
U.S. Naval academy, 
where he was gradu- 
ated in 1861. He 
served on the frigate 
and was 
promoted master in 
1861, and 2d leuten- 
ant, July 16, 1862. 
He served on the U.S. 
practice ship John 
Adams, 1862-63; was an instructor at the U.S. 
Naval academy in 1864; served on the Patapsco, 
of the South Atlantic blockading squadron off 
Charleston, as executive officer, and on Jan. 16, 


Hy 


M, 
IY Hy y 
ANY j UY 
RW AO fj Potomac ; 
War's ¥, Hy yy 4 i ’ 


( 
( 





SAMPSON 


1865, he was ordered to enter Charleston harbor, 
and remove and destroy all submarine mines and 
torpedoes protecting the city. Under a heavy 
fire the Patapsco succeeded in entering the 
harbor, but was blown up by a sunken mine, 
Sampson was rescued about one hundred feet 
from the wreck, but seventy of his crew were 
drowned. He was promoted leutenant-comman- 
der, July 25, 1866 ; served on the steam frigate Col- 
orado, flagship of the European squadron, 1865- 
67 ; was stationed at the U.S. Naval academy as in- 
structor, 1868-71 ; commanded the Congress on the 
European station, 1872-73; was promoted com- 
mander, Aug. 9, 1874; assigned to the Alert, and 
was again instructor at the Naval academy, 1876- 
78. He commanded the Swatara in Chinese waters, 
1879-82. He was proficient in science, being 
especially interested in physics, chemistry, metal- 
lurgy and astronomy ; was sent in 1878 to Creston, 
Towa, to report a total eclipse of the sun ; was as- 
signed to duty as assistant superintendent of the 
U.S. Naval observatory, 1882-85; was on duty at 
the torpedo station, Newport, R.I. ; a member of 
the international prime meridian council in 1884 ; 
a member of the board of fortifications and other 
defences, 1885-86, and a delegate to the interna- 
tional maritime conference in 1889. He was 


promoted captain in March, 1889, and commanded — 


the cruiser San Francisco during a tour of duty 
on the Pacific coast, 1890-93. He was chief of 
the bureau of ordnance, 1893-97, and on June 16, 
1897, was given command of the battleship Jowa, 


at that time the most formidable vessel in the — 


U.S. navy. He was presiding officer of the board 


of inquiry to ascertain the cause of the destruc- 
tion of the battleship Maine in Havana harbor, ~ 


in February, 1898, and on the outbreak of the 
war with Spain, he commanded the North 
Atlantic squadron, with the rank of acting rear-_ 
admiral. He 
U.S. naval forces operating in the North Atlantic 


off the coast of Cuba, and planned the blockade } 


of the harbor of Santiago that effectually pre- 
vented the escape of the Spanish fleet under 
Cervera. The blockading fleet was arranged in 
a semi-circle six miles from the entrance of the — 
harbor by day, and four by night. The fleet co- 
operated with the land forces under General 
Shafter, who had his headquarters at Sebony, — 
and on the morning of July 3, Sampson, in his 
flagship New York, left the squadron in order to 
confer with Shafter at that place. 


During his_ 


absence the Spanish fleet was discovered coming — 


out of the harbor, and by concerted action of the 
captains in command of the respective blockading 
vessels they immediately closed in and engaged 
theenemy. A running fight was kept up for about 
four hours, when the Spanish fleet was entirely de- 


stroyed. The New York returned in time to witness 


[600] 


was commander-in-chief of the — 


Pack! 
ad 



















































SAMSON 


the close of the great naval battle, but was unable 
to get within range. The fleet then co-operated 
with Shafter in the bombardment of Santiago, 


***-NEW YORK *** 


July 10-11, 1898 ; and after the surrender of the 
Spanish land forces Sampson was appointed a 
member of the commission to arrange for the 
evacuation of Cuba. He was promoted com- 
modore, July 6, 1898; made an extended cruise in 
West Indian waters in 1899, and returned to the 
United States in the spring of 1899, A difference 
of opinion between the respective admirers of 
Sampson and Schley, as to the relative part taken 
by each in the destruction of the Spanish fleet, 
carried on by the press, prevented the prompt 
advance in rank of any of the participants in the 
tig ntiago campaign, and in answer to a letter 
hes Sampson addressed to the President, March 
), 1899, in which he offered to waive all personal 
Becta, if the other officers could receive ad- 
vancement as recommended by him, President 
McKinley, on March 13, 1899, commended his dis- 
interested action, assured him of the highest 
appreciation of his services as commander-in-chief 
of the Atlantic naval forces in blockading Cuba, 
operating with the army and directing the 
movements that after the most effective prepara- 
tion consummated in the destruction of the 
nish fleet, and reminded him that it was in 
gnition of such services that he had recom- 
ded him to the senate for the advancement 
had earned. In 1899 a jewelled sword was 
ented him by the state of New Jersey. He 
romoted rear-admiral, March 3, 1899 ; com- 
ed the Charlestown navy yard, Massy 1899- 
and was retired, Jan. 1, 1902. The honorary 
of LL.D. was conferred on him by Yale 
901. He was twice married; first, in 1863, to 

aret Seton Aldrich of Palmyra, and secondly, 
82, to Elizabeth Susan Burling of Rochester, 
Y. He died in Washington, D.C., May 6, 1902. 
SAMSON, George Whitefieid, educator, was 
rn at Harvard, Mass., Sept. 29, 1819; son of the 
Abisha and Mehetable (Kenrick) Samson, 
eventh in descent from Abraham Samson, 
' the early Plymouth Pilgrims, and also 
nally) from one of the early Boston Puri- 
s ‘He attended the Worcester Manual Labor 


SANBORN 


school, 1833-35, was graduated at Brown in 1839, 
and at the Newton Theological institution in 
1843, and was assistant principal at the Worcester 
Manual Labor school, 1839-40. He was ordained 
to the Baptist ministry at Washington, D.C., in 
August, 1843, and was pastor of the E Street 
Baptist church, 1843-47. He spent the following 
year abroad, was pastor at Jamaica Plain, Mass., 
1845-52, and in Washington, D.C., 1852-58, He 
was president of Columbian college, 1858-71, of 
Rutgers female college, 1871-75. He was pastor 
of the First Baptist church of Harlem, N.Y., 
1873-81, and of a New York city church, 1881-84. 
In 1886 he again became president of Rutgers 
Female college, holding the position until his 
death. He was a member of the American Phi- 
lological society, and president of the Bible 
Workers’ college, 1884-96, Columbian university 
conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1883. 
He is the author of : Sermon on theDeath of Sarah 
C. Green (1849); To Daimonion, or the Spiritual 
Medium (1852); Outlines of the History of Ethies 
(1860); Elements of Art Criticism (1867); Physical 
Media in Spiritual Manifestations (1869) ne 
rial Discourse on Joel Smith Bacon (1870); The 
Afonement (1878); Divine Law as to Wines adie ); 
English Revisers’ Greek Text Unauthorized (1882); 
Creation and Immortality (1882); Guide to Self 
“lucation (1886); Guide to Bible Interpretation 
(1887) ; Idols of Fashion and Culture (1888) ; 
Classic Test of Authorship applied to the Scripture 
(1893). He died in New York city, Aug. 8, 1896. 

SAMUELS, Edward Augustus, naturalist, was 
born in Boston, Mass., July 4, 1886; son of 
Emanuel and Abigail (Zanki) Samuels; grand- 
son of Isaac and Ruth Samuels and of Antonio 
and Abigail (Palmer) Zanki. He attended the 
public schools and began his literary work early 
in life. He was connected with the state board 
of agriculture, 1860-81, and was president of the 
Massachusetts Fish and Game Protective associa- 
tion, 1885-92. He originated a process of engray- 
ing by photography, directly from nature, or from 
a photographic print. He married, June 28, 1869, 
Susan Blagge, daughter of Commodore Charles 
H. B. Caldwell of Waltham, Mass. She became 
known asa writer of juvenile tales. Mr. Samuels 
contributed frequently to the United States and 
Massachusetts agricultural reports, and is the 
author of : Ornithology and Odlogy of New Eng- 
land (1867); Among the Birds (1867); Mammalogy 
of New England (1868); The Living World (1868- 
70); With Fly-Rod and Camera (1890) ; With Rod 
and Gun in New England and the Maritime 
Provinces (1897). 

SANBORN, Edwin David, educator, was born 
in Gilmantown, N.H., May 14, 1808 ; son of David 
E. and Hannah (Hook) Sanborn. He was grad- 
uated from Dartmouth, A.B., 1832, A.M., 1835; 


[601] 


SANBORN 


studied law, and afterward took a course in 
divinity at Andover Theological seminary ; was 
a tutor at Dartmouth, 18385; professor of Latin 
and Greek languages, 1835-57, and professor of 


Latin language and literature, 1837-39. He was . 


married, Dec. 11, 1837, to Mary Ann, daughter of 
Ezekiel Webster, and niece of Daniel Webster. 
He was professor of classical literature and _ his- 
tory, Washington university, St. Louis, Mo., 1859- 
63; professor of oratory and _ belles-lettres at 
Dartmouth, 1863-80 ; librarian, 1866-74 ; Winkley 
professor of Anglo Saxon and English language 
and literature, 1880-82, and professor emeritus, 
1882-85. He was elected to the state legislature 
several times. He received the degree of LL.D. 
from the University of Vermont in 1859 and from 
Dartmouth in 1879. Heistheauthor of: Lectures 
on Education ; A Eulogy on Daniel Webster (1858); 
History of New Hampshire (1875). He died in 
New York city, Dec. 29, 1885. 

SANBORN, Franklin Benjamin, journalist and 
reformer, was born in Hampton Falls, N.H., 
Dec. 15, 1831: son of Aaron and Lydia (Leavitt) 
Sanborn; grandson of Benjamin and Hannah 
(Blake) Sanborn and of Thomas and Hannah 
(Melcher) Leavitt, and a descendant of Lieut. 
John Sanborn, who settled in Hampton about 
1638, and married Anne, the daughter of the 
Rev. Stephen Bachiler. His brother, Charles 
Henry, was a prominent physician in New Hamp- 
shire, a member of the state legislature and 
author of ‘*The North and the South” (1856). 
Franklin Benjamin Sanborn attended Phillips 
Exeter academy, and was graduated from Har- 
vard college in 1855; taught school in Concord, 
Mass., 1855-63; was chosen secretary of the 
Massachusetts state Kansas committee in 1856, 
and was secretary of the state board of charities, 
1863-68 ; amember, 1870-76, and chairman, 1874- 
76, and state inspector of charities, 1879-89. He 
was treasurer of the first National conference of 
charities, 1874, and again in 1886-88; president 
in 1880-81; was one of the organizers of the 
American Social Science association in 1865, 
and its secretary, 1865-98; a founder of the 
National Prison association; the National Con- 
ference of Charities; the Clarke School for the 
Deaf, and the Concord School of Philosophy. He 
was a lecturer at Cornell, Smith and Wellesley 
colleges, and at the Concord School of Philosophy. 
He was twice married; first, Aug. 23, 1854, to 
Ariana, daughter of Jane and Sarah (Smith) 
Walker of Peterborough, N.H.; and secondly, 
July 15, 1862, to Louisa, daughter of Joseph and 
Eliza (Yendell) Leavitt of Boston, Mass. He 
was editor of the Boston Commonwealth, 1863-64, 
the Springfield Republican, 1868-72, and the 
Journal of Social Science, 1876-97; editor of 
twenty state reports on charities and labor, and 


[602] 


SANBORN 





























































of Channing’s ‘‘-Wanderer ” (1871); Alcott’s ‘‘ Son- 
nets and Canzonets” (1882), and ‘‘New Con- 
necticut” (1887) ; also of Channing’s ‘‘ Poems of — 
Sixty-Five Years” (1902); ‘*Thoreau, the Poet- 
Naturalist” (1902). He is the author of two — 
biographies of Emerson, three of Thoreau, one of 
A. Bronson Alcott, one of Dr. S. G. Howe, two 
of John Brown, and one of Dr. Earle; also of a 
History of New Hampshire (1903). A bronze bust 
of Mr. Sanborn by F. E. Elwell was presented 
to the Historical Society of Kansas, and was — 
placed in the state capitol at Topeka, in October, ~ 
1902. 

SANBORN, John Benjamin, soldier, was born — 
in Epsom, N.H., Dec. 5, 1826. He attended 
Dartmouth college, studied law, was admitted to 
the bar in July, 1854, and removed to St. Paul, 
Minn., where he established himself in practice. 
He was appointed adjutant-general and quarter- — 
master-general of the state, and upon the out- 
break of the civil war, he organized five regi- 
ments of infantry, a cavalry battalion, and two 
artillery batteries, which he sent to the field. 
He was appointed colonel of the 4th Minnesota 
volunteers, and commanded the Ist brigade, 2d — 
division, Army of the Mississippi, under Major-— 
General William 8S. Rosecrans at the battle of — 
Tuka, Miss., Sept. 19, 1862. He commanded the 
4th Minnesota regiment attached to the Ist brig- | 
ade, 3rd division, Army of the Mississippi, at the 
battle of Corinth, Oct. 8rd-4th, 1862, and com-— 
manded the 1st brigade, 7th division, 17th army — 
corps, Army of the Tennessee, under General 
Grant, in the Vicksburg campaign, taking part 
in the battle of Jackson, Champion’s Hill, and in 
the assault on Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, and he 
led the advance after the surrender of Vicks- 
burg. He commanded the district of Southwest 
Missouri, at Springfield, and took part in the | 
pursuit of Gen. Sterling Price through Missouri. — 
In 1865 he was engaged against the Indians in 
Upper Arkansas, and concluded a treaty at the 
mouth of the Little Arkansas, in October, 1865, 
and was appointed by President Johnson to settle 
the Indian difficulties in the southeast. He was 
a member of the Indian peace commission, 1867 
68, and served as a representative in the Minne-— 
sota legislature, 1872 and 1881, and state senator, 
1891. He was three times married: first, on 
March 17, 1857, to Catharine Hall of Newton, 
N.J.; secondly, on Noy. 26, 1865, to Anna Nixo 
of Bridgeton, N.J., and thirdly, on April 18 
1880, to Rachel Rice of St. Paul, Minn. In 1903. 
he was still practising law in St. Paul, Minn. 

SANBORN, Katherine Abbott, author, was 
born in Hanover, N.H., July 11, 1839; daughter 
of Professor Edwin David (q.v.) and Mary Ann 
(Webster) Sanborn. She taught a day-school at 
Hanover, N.H., 1858-60; at Mary institute, con- 


SANBORN 
















































nected with Washington university, St. Louis, 
1860-62 ; at Packer institute, Brooklyn, and was 
professor of English literature in Smith college, 
1880-86. Later she became a newspaper corre- 
spondent, lecturer, and writer for magazines, on 
education, literature and household economy. 
Her books, written under the name ‘* Kate San- 
born,” include: Home Pictures of English Poets 
(1869); Round Table Series of Literary Lessons 
(1884); Vanity and Insanity of Genius (1885); 
Adopting an Abandoned Farm (1890); My Liter- 
ary Zoo (1892); A Truthful Woman in Southern 
California (1897); Abandoning anAdopted Farm 
(1899); Favorite Lectures (1900); besides a series 
_ of successful calendars. 
SANBORN, Walter Henry, jurist, was born 
on Sanborn’s Hill, Epsom, N.H., Oct. 19, 1845; 
eidest son of Henry F. and Eunice (Davis) San- 
born ; grandson of Frederick and Lucy (Sargent) 
Sanborn and of Rufus and Sallie (Beaman) Davis, 
and lineal descendant of Eliphalet Sanborn of 
Epsom, who served in the Colonial army in the 
French and Indian war; served with the New 
Hampshire militia at Lake Champlain and at 
Ticonderoga in 1777, and was present at Bur- 
 goyne’s surrender ; also of William Sanborn, born 
in 1622, who came from England to Hampton, 
N.H., about 1632, with his grandfather, Stephen 
Bachiler, and served in King Philip’s war; also 
of Rey. Benjamin Sargent, who enlisted in the 
third New Hampshire Continental regiment for 
three years on March 31, 1777, and served through 
the war, participating in the battle of Saratoga, 
_ and being present at the surrender of Burgoyne. 
Walter Henry Sanborn was raised on the ancestral 
farm of three hundred acres on Sanborn’s Hill, 
~ which was acquired by his ancestor, Reuben San- 
born, in 1762, and descended to the eldest son of 
each generation. He was fitted for college at the 
public schools and academies of Epsom and Pitts- 
field, N.H., and graduated from Dartmouth, 
A.B., 1867, A.M., 1870. He was principal of the 
high school at Milford, N.H., 1867-1870; studied 
law with Bainbridge Wadleigh (q.v.), and re- 
‘moved to St. Paul, Minn., in February, 1870, 
eing admitted to the bar in the supreme court 
Minnesota in 1871; practised law in St. Paul 
h his uncle, Gen. John B. Sanborn (q.v.), 1871- 
aa and on March 17, 1892, was pee ned 


Francis, Daeater of John E. and Mary ‘(Whitte- 
more) Bruce of Milford, N.H. He was amember 
of the city council of St. Paul, 1878-80 and 1885- 
; president of the Union League of St. Paul, 
1890, of the St. Paul Bar association, 1890-91 ; and 
a member of various other organizations. He 


SANDERS 


SANDEMAN, Robert, religious leader, was 
born in Perth, Scotland, in 1718. He was edu- 
cated in the University of Edinburgh, engaged in 
the linen trade, and married Catharine, daughter 
of the Rev. John and Katharine (Black) Glass. 
The Rey. Sale Glass was the founder of the sect 
known first as the Glassites, and later as the 
Sandemanions. Robert Sandeman systematized 
the opinion of Glass and was made an elder, es- 
tablishing churches in the principal cities of Scot- 
land, in London, and other towns in England, 
He came to America accompanied by Mr. James 
Cargill in 1764, and was mainly instrumental in 
the establishment of several churches in New Eng- 
land, one of which was located in Danbury, an- 
other in Boston, Mass., and athird in Portsmouth, 
N.H. Subsequently Taunton and Newton, Mass., 
held congregations. In 1765 he locatedin Danbury, 
Conn., where much controversy was aroused by 
his views. Among the distinctive practices of the 
sect are community of goods, abstinence from 
blood and from things strangled, love-feasts, and 
weekly celebration of the communion. The main 
cause of the decline of this sect was its division 
into two parties, one being called the Osbornites 
from their teacher, Levi Osborne, and the other 
the Baptist Sandemanians from their practice of 
baptism. During the Revolution the Sandeman- 
ians were principally loyalists. Robert Sande- 
man died at Danbury, Conn., April 2, 1771. 

SANDERS, Daniel Clarke, educator, was born 
inSturbridge, Mass., May 38, 1768 ; sonof Micah and 
Azubah (Clarke) Sanders ; grandson of Daniel and 
Sarah (Metealf) Sanders; and of Moses Clarke. 
He was graduated at Harvard, A.B., 1788, A.M., 
1791 ; taught in the Cambridge grammar school, 
1788-90; was licensed to preach in 1790, and or- 
dained, June 12,1794. He was pastor of the Con- 
gregational church at Vergennes, Vt., 1794-99; 
secretary of the corporation of the University of 
Vermont and principal of its preparatory de- 
partment, 1800-04 ; and first president of the Uni- 
versity of Vermont, 1800-14, personally directing 
all branches of study, 1800-06. He also preached 
at Burlington, Vt., 1799-1807 ; was pastor of the 
Unitarian church at Medfield, Mass., 1815-29, and 
subsequently chairman of the Medfield board of 
selectmen and of the school committee. He was 
a member of the Massachusetts constitutional 
convention in 1820, and of the committee of the 
General Court on the revision of the general 
statutes, 1832-35. He was married to Nancy, 
daughter of Dr. Jabez Fitch of Canterbury, Conn. 
Harvard gave him the degree of D.D, in 1809. He 
isthe author of : History of the Indian Wars with 
the First Settlers of the United States (1812), and 
about thirty discourses, commencement and con- 
troversial addresses published in pamphlet form. 
He died in Medfield, Mass., Oct. 18, 1850. 


[603] 


SANDERS 


SANDERS, 


born at Winnsboro, 


Daniel Jackson, educator, was 
8.0., Feb. 15, 1847. His 
parents were slaves. He was a student at Brain- 
ard Institute, Chester, S.C.; was graduated 
from Western Theological seminary in 1874, and 
was ordained by the presbytery of Fairfield in 
1870. He was pastor at Wilmington, N.C., 1874- 
86 ; and was married, Sept. 16, 1880, to Fannie T., 
daughter of George W. and Eliza Price of Wil- 
mington. He founded the Africo-American 
Presbyterian in 1879, of which he became editor 
and proprietor. In 1891 he became president of 
Biddle university, Charlotte, N.C., an institution 
for the education of Negro youths. He was a 
member of the General council of Presbyterian 
churches held in Toronto in 1892, also the one 
held in Washington in 1898, and was repeatedly 
a member of the Presbyterian General assembly. 
He received the honorary degrees A.M. and D.D. 
from Lincoln university, Pa., and D.J). from 
Biddle university, N.C. 

SANDERS, Frank Knight, educator, was born 
at Batticotta, Jaffna, Ceylon, June 5, 1861; son 
of the Rey. Marshall Danforth and Georgiana 
(Knight) Sanders; grandson of Anthony and 
Celinda (Brown) Sanders and of Joseph and Ruby 
(Hyde) Knight, and a descendant of Chad Brown 
(1688). He was graduated from Ripon col- 
lege, Wis., in 1882; spent the next four years as 
an instructor in Jaffna college, Ceylon, and 
studied Semitic languages and Biblical literature 
at Yale, 1886-89, taking the degree of Ph.D. in 
1889. He was married, June 27, 1888, to Edith, 
daughter of Morris and Mary Elizabeth (Billings) 
Blackman of Whitewater, Wis. He was Woolsey 
professor of Biblical literature at Yale, 1893-1901, 
and on Oct. 1, 1901, became professor of Biblical 
history and archeology and dean of the Divinity 
school at Yale university. In 1900 he was elected 
president of Iowa college, Grinnell, Iowa, which 
position he declined. He became a member of 
the American Oriental society, the Society for 
Biblical Literature and Exegesis, and of the 
American Archeological association, and pre- 
sident (1903-04) of the Religious Education society. 
He received the honorary degree of D.D. from 
Ripon college in 1900. He is the author, with 
Professor C. F. Kent, of : The Messages of the Ear- 
lier Prophets (1898); The Messages of the Later 
Prophets (1899); and co-editor, with Prof. C. F. 
Kent, of The Historical Series for Bible Students 
(10 vols., 1896); the Messages of the Bible (12 
vols., 1898), and the Library of Ancient Inscrip- 
tions (10 vols., 1903). 

SANDERS, Frederic William, educator, was 
born in Westchester county, N.Y.,Jan. 17, 1864; 
son of Dr. Henry and Frances Clara (Smith) 
Sanders; grandson of Henry L. and Barbara 
(Vaughan) Sanders and of William and Elizabeth 


SANDERS 


(Scott) Smith. - His mother’s ancestors were 
among the early settlers of New England, but his 
father was an Englishman, although he served as 
a medical officer in the U.S. army during the 
civil war. He was graduated from the College of 
the City of New York, A.B., 1883; was engaged 
as a tutor, editor, government employee and law 
clerk, 1883-87 ; as a law proof-reader, Rochester, 
N.Y., 1887-88 ; was admitted to the bar in New 
York, 1887, and practised law in eastern Ten- 
nessee, 1888-91. He was a student in the Divinity 
school of Harvard, 1891-92, receiving the degree 
of A.M. upon examination from that university 
in 1892: was minister of the Unitarian church, 
Asheville, N.C., 1892-93 ; subsequently continued 
his studies in the University of Chicago, being 
graduated, Ph.D., 1895, and was university fellow 
in sociology, Columbia university, New York 
city, 1895-96. Dr. Sanders returned to the Uni- 
versity of Chicago in the latter year, where he 
held the position of university extension lecturer 
in sociology and pedagogy, 1896-97 ; was lecturer- 
elect on statistics and social economics in the 
graduate school of the university, 1897; was as- 
sistant professor, first of pedagogy and then of 
European history, and finally professor in West 
Virginia university, 1897-99 ; and was president 
of the New Mexico College of Agriculture and 
Mechanic Arts, 1899-1901, officiating also as pro- 
fessor of political and economic science. He is 
the author of reviews in the Political Science 
Quarterly, the American Journal of Sociology, 
the Journal of Political Economy, and of meono- 
graphs and papers on sociological and philosoph- 
ical subjects, published independently or in 
scientific or popular magazines. He resigned the 
presidency of the territorial college of New 
Mexico and his seat in the territorial board of 
education in 1901, traveled in Europe, 1901-02, 
and on his return to America in 1902 took up his 
residence in New York. 

SANDERS, John Caldwell Calhoun, soldier, 
was born in Tuscaloosa county, Ala., April 4, 
1840; son of Dr. Charles Peak and Elizabeth 
Ann (Thompson) Sanders of Charleston, §8.C.; 
grandson of William and Martha (Ditmore) 
Sanders and of Dr. Matthew and Arabella (Keys) 
Thompson. His paternal grandfather, a native 
of England, emigrated to Charleston, 8.C. His 
maternal ancestors resided in Anderson district, 
S.C. He was a cadet in the University of 
Alabama, and was the first member of the student 
body to leave that institution in 1861 to join the 
Confederate Statesarmy. Heat once volunteered 
as a private in a military company raised in 
Greene county, and on the reorganization of this 
command was elected its captain, assigned tothe 
1ith Alabama regiment, and he was with his 
company at Seven Pines, Gaines’s Mill, and 


[604] 











SANDERS 









































__ Frayser’s Farm. In the last-named battle he was 
_ severely wounded. Promoted to the coloneley of 
his regiment, he led it at Fredericksburg, and 
was conspicuously gallant at Salem Chureh. At 
Gettysburg he was wounded, and in the winter 
_ of 1863-64, he was president of the division court- 
martial. At the Wilderness he commanded his 
regiment, and after General Perrin fell, he led 
the brigade to the assault of the horse-shoe 
salient, recapturing a part of the lost works. 
_ For his gallantry here on May 31, 1864, he was 
made a brigadier-general. His brigade consisted 
of the 8th, 9th, 10th 11th, and 14th Alabama regi- 
ments. In an assault on the enemy’s lines, June 
22, 1864, near Petersburg, General Sanders was 
the first to mount the breastworks, and the 
brigade captured more men than it numbered. 
_ The brigade fought, June 23, 25, 29, and 30, the 
last being the battle of the Crater, when it re- 
took the lost position. At Deep Bottom, Aug. 
16, he again distinguished himself while com- 
~ manding his own and a North Carolina brigade. 
~ On Aug. 21, he led the brigade against the heavy 
force of the enemy which had seized the Weldon 
railroad. The Confederates drove back two lines 
_ of battle, but upon emerging from the woods, 
they were confronted by a line of defences and 
were obliged to seek shelter in the woods. Gen- 
eral Sanders, who had advanced on foot, was 
_ struck by a minie ball which passed through both 
_ thighs, severing the femoral arteries. His death 
occurred on the following day, Aug. 22, 1864. 
_ SANDERS, Thomas Jefferson, educator, was 
born near Burbank, Ohio, Jan. 18, 1855; son of 
Isaac and Mary (Stratton) Sanders, and grand- 
_ son of Henry Sanders. He was graduated from 
- Otterbein university, A.B., 1878, A.M., 1881, and 
_ was married in June, 1878, to Gertrude, daughter 
of the Rev. Charles A. and Emeline Slater of 
- Burbank. He was superintendent of public 
schools, 1878-91 ; tenth president of the Otterbein 
university, also occupying the Westerville chair 
‘ philosophy, 1891-1901, and in 1901 assumed the 
John Hulitt chair of philosophy there. He re- 
ceived the degree of Ph. D. from Wooster uni- 
rsity in 1888. He is the author of : Philosophy 
the Christian Religion (1888) ; Transcenden- 
sm (1889) ; God: the Ultimate a priori Condi- 
1 (1890) ; The Unconscious in Education (1887) ; 
Place and Purpose of the College (1890) ; The 
ure and End of Education (1889). 
SANDERS, Wilbur Fiske, senator, was born 
Leon, N.Y., May 2, 1834; son of Ira and Free- 
a (Edgerton) Sanders. He removed to Ohio, 
he taught school, studied law and was ad- 
ted to the bar in 1856. In 1858 he was married 
iet P. Fenn. He was commissioned Ist 
enant in the 64th Ohio volunteers in 1861 ; 
‘as acting assistant adjutant-general on the staff 
“ 


SANDERSON 


of Gen. J. W. Forsyth; was employed on the de- 
fences south of Nashville, 1862, and resigned in 
1863, because of ill health. He then removed to 
Montana, where he practised law, engaged in min- 
ing and was active in the prosecution of robbers 
and murderers before the “ law and order” tribu- 
nals. He was attorney for the Northern Pacific 
railroad company ; unsuccessful Republican can- 
didate for delegate to congress, 1864, 1867, 1880 and 
1896; a delegate to the Republican national con- 
ventions of 1868, 1872, 1876, 1884; a member of 
the legislative assembly of Montana, 1872-80 ; de- 
clined the appointment of U.S. attorney for 
Montana; was president of the Montana His- 
torical society, 1865-90, and U.S. senator, 1890- 
93, having been elected on Dec. 30, 1889, by the 
Republican members of the state legislature. 
On Jan. 7, 1890, the Democratic members elec- 
ted William A. Clark. Senator Sanders was 
seated for the short term expiring, March 3 
1893, 


’ 
and was a candidate for re-election when 
a deadlock in the legislature prevented a choice 
from Jan. 11, to March 2, 1893, when Senator 
Clarke was elected, Senator Sanders’s name being 
withdrawn, Feb. 10, 1893. 

SANDERSON, Joseph, clergyman and author, 
was born near Ballyboy, county Monaghan, Ire- 
land, May 23, 1823; son of Samuel and Sarah 
(Brooks) Sanderson, and of Scotch Irish ancestry. 
His grandparents, James and Margaret Sanderson, 
came from Scotland about 1700. He was gradu- 
ated with honors from Royal college, Belfast, in 
1845, came to the United States in 1846, was an 
instructor in Washington institute, New York 
city, 1847-48, studied theology in the Associate 
Presbyterian church, 1847-49, and was licensed to 
preach in the latter year. He was pastor in 
Providence, R.I., where he built a church, 1849-- 
52; in New York city, where he built a church, 
1852-69, and in Westport, Conn., 1870-76. He 
was married, first, June 7, 1850, to Isabella Field, 
who died, Oct. 6, 1863; and secondly, Oct. 17, 
1865, to Arminella Gillespie, who died, April 10, 
1880. He was the editor of the Homiletic Monthly, 
1876-83, of the Pulpit Treasury, 1883-95, and was 
made secretary of the church extension com- 
mittee of the New York presbytery in 1896. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon him 
in 1865 by the University of Columbia (now ex- 
tinct), Kittanning, Pa., and that of LL.D. by the 
University of Omaha in 1890. He is the author 
of : Jesus on the Holy Mount (1869); Memorial Trib- 
utes (1883) ; Thoughts for the Oceasion, Patriotic 
and Seeular (1892); The Bow in the Cloud (1888) ; 
Shots at Sundry Targets (1886) ; Manual for Fu- 
nerals (1894) ; The Story of St. Patrick (1895) ; 
Man's Seal to God's Word (1902); New York City 
as a Mission Field (1900). In 1903 Dr. Sanderson 
was residing in New York city. 


(605) 


SANDS 


- SANDS, Benjamin Franklin, naval officer, 
was born in Baltimore, Md., Feb. 11, 1811. He 
was appointed from Kentucky midshipman in the 
U.S. navy, April 1, 1828; was warranted passed 
midshipman, June 14, 1834, served on the U.S. 
coast survey, 1836-41 ; was promoted lieutenant, 
March 16, 1840, and served on board the Columbus 
of the Mediterranean squadron, 1842-44. He was 
at the naval observatory in 1846, and attached to 
the Home squadron in 1847, where he took part 
in the expedition up the Tabasco river and at 
Tuspan. He commanded the Porpoise off the 
west coast of Africa, 1848-50 ; served on the coast 
survey, 1851-58, and was promoted commander, 
Sept. 14, 1855. He was on duty in the bureau of 
construction, 1859-60 ; commanded the coast sur- 
vey steamer Active, 1861-62; was promoted cap- 
tain, July 16, 1862, and commanded the Dacotuh on 
the North Atlantic blockading squadron in 1863, 
with which vessel he took part in the engage- 
ment at Fort Caswell, Feb. 23, 1863. He com- 
manded the steamer Fort Jackson of the same 
squadron, 1864-65, engaging in both attacks on 
Fort Fisher and in the blockade of Wilmington, 
N.C. He was senior officer in command of the 
division, 1862-65; commanded the division on 
blockade off the coast of Texas, February to June, 
1865, and took formal possession of Galveston, 
Tex., the last stronghold surrendered by the Con- 
federates, June 2, 1865. He was promoted com- 
modore, July 25, 1866 ; was stationed at the Boston 
navy yard, 1865-66, and was superintendent of the 
naval observatory at Washington, D.C., 1867-73. 
He was promoted rear admiral, April 27, 1871 ; re- 
tired, Feb. 11, 1874, and resided in Washington. 
He is the author of From Reefer to Rear Admiral, 
an autobiography compiled by F. B. P. Sands 
(1897). He died in Washington, June 30, 1883. 
SANDS, James Hoban, naval officer, was born 
in Washington, D.C., July 12, 1845; son of Ben- 
jamin Franklin and Henrietta Maria (French) 
Sands ; grandson of Benjamin Norris and Rebecca 
(Hook) Sands, and of William and Anna Rosetta 
(Halverson) French. He was appointed to the U.S. 
Naval academy from Maryland in 1859, and was 
graduated in 1863, becoming an ensign in the 
same year. He was on duty with the North 
Atlantic blockading squadron, 1863-65, and with 
the India squadron, 1865-68; was promoted 
lieutenant in 1866, and leutenant-commander, 
1868. He was married in October, 1869, to Mary 
Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Worsam Meade 
(q.v.) and Clara Forsyth (Meigs) Meade. He was 
promoted a commander in 1880, and captain, 
Sept. 7, 1894. During the war with Spain, he 
commanded the crusier Columbia. From Ang. 
30, 1898, to Sept. 17, 1901, he was governor of the 
United States Naval home, Philadelphia, Pa. 
On April 11, 1902, he was promoted rear-admiral, 


SANDS 


and in June, 1902; was ordered to the command 
of the navy yard and station at League Island, 
Pa. 

SANDS, Joshua Ratoon, naval officer,was born 
in Brooklyn, N.Y., May 18, 1795; son of the Hon. 
Joshua Sands. He was appointed midshipman 
in the U.S. navy, June 18, 1812; served under 
Commodore Chauncey on Lake Ontario, in the 
action with the Royal George; was transferred 
to the Madison in April, 1813, and carried orders 
from Chauncey to the different vessels during the 


engagement resulting in the capture of Toronto, —~ 


and also took part in the capture of Fort George. 
He was attached to the Pike, and served on shore 
in a battery in 1814, until ordered to the frigate 
Superior. He was attached to the Washington 
in the Mediterranean, 1815-18 ; was promoted lieu- 
tenant, April 1, 1818, served on board the Hornet 
off the coast of Africa, and in the West Indies in 
1819; onthe Franklin on Pacific coast, 1821-24; 
on the Vandalia, Brazil, 1828-80; was on re- 
cruiting duty, 1830-40 ; was promoted commander, 
Feb. 23, 1841, and was at the navy yard, New 
York, 1841-48. He commanded the Falmouth in 
the Gulf and West Indies, 1843-45; the Vixen 
during the Mexican war ; took part in the capture 
of Alverado, Tabasco and Laguna, and was made 
governor of Laguna. He engaged the castle of 
San Juan d’Ulloa from Point Horwas in the 
attack on Vera Cruz; assisted in the capture of 





VERA CRUZ. 


Tampico and Tuspan in 1847, and was intrusted 
with various trophies of war. which he conveyed 
home, together with despatches and a letter to 
the navy department commending his action in 
the engagements. He commanded the North 
Carolina, 1848-50; the frigate St. Lawrence at 
the World’s fair in England, and at Portugal in 
1851, and was promoted captain, Feb. 25, 1854. 
He commanded the Susquehanna in Central Amer- 
ica; in the Mediterranean and in England, 1856 ; 
was engaged in laying the Atlantic cable in 1857, 
and was a member of the expedition to Central 
America against General Walker’s _ filibusters. 
He commanded the Brazilian squadron on the 
flagship Congress, 1859-61; was retired by age 
limit, Dec. 21, 1861, and was promoted com- 
modore on the retired list, July 16, 1862, and rear- 
admiral, July 25, 1866. He served as light-house 
inspector on Lakes Erie and Ontario and the St. 
Lawrence river, 1862-66, and as port-admiral at 
Norfolk, Va., 1869-72. 


[606] 


He gave, the sword and — 





SANDS 


epaulets presented him by the citizens of Brook- 
lyn, N.Y., and the gold snuff-box inlaid with 
diamonds, the gift of Queen Victoria in 1851, to 
the Historical society of Brooklyn. He was 
senior officer of the navy on the retired list at 
the time of his death, which occurred in Balti- 
more, Md., Oct. 2, 1883. 

SANDS, Robert Charles, author, was born in 
Flatbush, Long Island, N.Y., May 11, 1799; son 
of Comfort and Cornelia (Lott) Sands. His father, 
a well-known merchant and patriot of New York 
city, was a delegate to the state constitutional 
convention of 1777, and a member of the state 
assembly for several years. Robert was grad- 
uated from Columbia college, A.B., 1815, A.M., 
1818, and engaged in literature and the study of 
law. He had edited two periodicals while in 
college ; contributed a series of essays to the 
Daily Advertiser, and with James Wallis East- 
—_ burn, he wrote ‘* Yamoyden,” a poem (1820). He 
was admitted to the bar in 1820, declined the 
professorship of belles lettres in Dickinson col- 
lege, and resumed his literary work. He was 
one of the founders of the St. Tammany Mag- 
azine, 1823-24; issued the Atlantic Magazine in 
1824, and when it was changed to the New York 
Review in 1825, he joined with William Cuilen 
Bryant in its conduct. In 1827 he became an 
- editor of the Commercial Advertiser, and remained 
~assuch till his death. He published The Talis- 
~ man, which appeared annually, 1828-30, in which 
-. he was joined by William Cullen Bryant and 
Gulian C. Verplanck, and which was re-published 
under the title Miscellanies. He contributed 
the humorous introduction to ‘‘ Tales of Glauber 
Spa” (2 vols., 1832), and is the author of: Life 
and Correspondence of Paul Jones (1831). His 
: works were edited with a memoir by Gulian C. 
- Verplanck (2 vols., 1834). He died in Hoboken, 
N.J., Dec. 17, 1882. 
_ SANFORD, Edward, poet, was born in Albany, 
N.Y., July 8, 1805; son of the Hon. Nathan San- 
ford (q.v.). He was graduated at Union college, 
B., 1824, A.M., 1827, and studied law, but 
andoned it for journalism. He edited a 
Brooklyn paper ; was employed on the New York 
Standard ; the New York Times, 1886-37, and 

vas $s an associate editor of the Globe at Washing- 
ton, D.C., 1887-38. He was appointed assistant 
r Bai officer at the port of New York in 1838; 













































d 


restore the duties on goods destroyed by the great 
e of 1835, and a member of the state senate in 
43. He contributed stories and poems to the 
leading New York periodicals. Among his well 
known poems are: To Black Hawk; To a Mos- 
quite ; The Loves of the Shell-Fishes, and a 
ee? Sketch of Pot-Pie Palmer, He died in 
anda, N.Y., Aug. 28, 1876. 


SANFORD 


SANFORD, Edward Terry, lawyer, was born 
in Knoxville, Tenn., July 23, 1865; son of Edward 
Jackson and Emma (Chavannes) Sanford ; grand- 
son of John W. and Altha (Fanton) Sanford and 
of Adrien and Anna (Francillon) Chavannes, and 
a descendant of Thomas Sanford, who came to 
America in 1631 with the John Winthrop colony. 
He was graduated from the University of Ten- 
A.B. and Ph. B., 1883; from Harvard 
A.B., 1885 (A.M., 1889), and from Har- 
vard Law school, LL.B., 1889. He was admitted 
to the Tennessee bar, and began practice in 
Knoxville in 1889, where he was married, Jan, 6, 
1891, to Lutie Mallory, daughter of William Wal- 
lace and Ella (Conelly) Woodruff of Knoxville, 
Tennessee. He was president of the University 
of Tennessee Alumni association, 1892-93; was 
elected a trustee of the university, 1897, and in 
1899, chairman of the finance committee of the 
board of trustees, and was appointed lecturer in 
the university law school, 1898. He also served 
as a vice-president of the Tennessee Bar associa- 
tion, 1896-97 and 1901-02, and of the American 
1899-1900 ; was elected a trustee 
of East Tennessee Female institute, 1900, and ap- 
pointed a charter member of Knoxville hospital, 
1899. He is the author of: Blount College and 
the University of Tennessee, centennial address 
(1894) ; The Constitutional Convention of Ten- 
nessee of 1796, for the Proceedings of the Tennes- 
see Bar association (1896); Biographicai List of 
the Trustees of Blount College, East Tennessee 
College, East Tennessee University and Univer- 
sity of Tennessee (1898). 

SANFORD, Henry Shelton, diplomatist, was 
born in Woodbury, Conn., June 15, 1823 ; son of 
Nehemiah C. and ———(Shelton) Sanford. He 
attended Washington (Trinity) college and was 
graduated from Heidelberg university ; was at- 
taché to the U.S. embassy at St. Petersburg, 1847— 
48; was appointed acting secretary of the U.S. 
legation at Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1848; secre- 
tary of the U.S. legation, Paris, 1849-53, and U.S, 
chargé d’ affaires at Paris, 1853-54, when he re- 
signed. He was U.S. minister to Belgium, 1861- 
69; and for a time, during the war, he had super- 
vision of the secret service in Europe, with head- 
quarters at London and Paris, and negotiated and 
signed the Scheldt treaty with Belgium, attended 
the first consular convention, and a trade mark 
and naturalization convention. In 1869 he was 
appointed U.S. minister to Spain, but the senate 
adjourned without confirming the nomination, 
He was one of the founders of the International 
African association, representing the English 
speaking races on its executive committee, and 
as its minister plenipotentiary at Washington, 
D.C., he secured recognition of its flag as that of 
the Independent State of the Congo in April, 1884, 


nessee, 


college, 


Bar association, 


[607] 


SANFORD 


He was a delegate to the Berlin Congo conference 
of 1885-86. He founded the city of Sanford, Fla., 
in 1870, and engaged in the cultivation of orange 
trees. He received the honorary degree of A.M. 
from Trinity college in 1849, and the degree of 
J.U.D. from Heidelberg university in 1854. His 
official reports were published by congress. He 
died at Healing Springs, Va., May 21, 1891. 

SANFORD, Joseph Perry, naval officer, was 
born in Winchester, Va., in 1816; son of Senator 
Nathan Sanford. He was warranted midship- 
man in the U.S. navy, Feb. 11, 1832, and was at- 
tached to Captain Wilkes’s exploring expedition, 
1838-42. He was advanced passed midshipman, 
June 23, 1838, commissioned lieutenant, Nov. 2, 
1842, and was an officer on the Cumberland of 
the Mediterranean squadron, 1842-46. He was 
on board the U.S. steamer Alleghany in the Gulf 
of Mexico during the war with Mexico, 1846-47 ; 
on duty at the National Observatory, Washington, 
D.C., and on the Mediterranean squadron until 
Oct. 8, 1853, when he resigned from the navy, 
and engaged in business in Albany, N.Y., until 
May 13, 1861, when he was commissioned acting 
lieutenant in the U.S. navy. He was promoted 
commander, June 6, 1861, and ordered to western 
waters to assist Flag-Officer Foote in creating a 
fleet in the upper Mississippi. He was leutenant 
of ordnance on the staff of Flag-Officer Foote 
at the battle of Fort Henry on board the flag 
steamer Benton, and was in command of ordnance 
at the naval depot, Cairo, Ill., 1862-63, and in 1863 
was made fleet-captain of the North Atlantic 
squadron and subsequently senior officer com- 
manding the West Indian convoy fleet. He com- 
manded the U.S.S. Vanderbilt, 1865-66, at that 
time the fleetest steamer in the U.S. navy. He 
convoyed the monitor Monadnock from New 
York to San Francisco by way of the Straits of 
Magellan; was promoted captain, Sept. 27, 1866, 
and was fleet captain of the North Pacific 
squadron, 1866-68, and commandant of the Nor- 
folk navy yard, 1868-69. He resigned his com- 
mission, March 1, 1869. He died in Stamford, 
Conn., Dec. 5, 1901. 

SANFORD, Nathan, senator, was born in 
Bridgehampton, L.I., N.Y., Nov. 5, 1777; son of 
Thomas Sanford, and a descendant of Robert and 
Ann (Adams) Sandford. Robert Sandford emi- 
grated from England and settled in Hartford, 
Conn., in 1645. Nathan Sanford was a student 
at Yale, but did not graduate; was admitted to 
the bar in 1799 and practised in New York city. 
He served as U.S. commissioner in bankruptcy 
in 1802; as US. district attorney, 1803-16; as a 
member of the state assembly, 1810-11, and 
speaker in 1811; state senator, 1812-15; Democratic 
US. senator from New York, 1815-21; and dele- 
gate to the state constitutional convention in 


SANGER 

1821, where he introduced the amendment 
adopted, abolishing the necessity of property 
qualification in voters. He succeeded James 
Kent as chancellor of the state, 1828-25, and 
served a second term in the U.S. senate, 1825-31, 
where he advocated a reform of the currency 
and favored the French spoliation claims. He 
was married three times, his third wife being Mary 
Buchanan, granddaughter of Thomas McKean, 
the signer. They were married at the White 
house, President John Quincy Adams being her 
nearest relative. Chancellor Sanford received 
the honorary degree of LL.D. from Columbia in 

1823. He died at Flushing, N.Y., Oct. 17, 1838. 
SANGER, Joseph Prentice, soldier, was born 
in Detroit, Mich., May 4, 1840; son of Henry Kirk- 
land and Caroline (Prentice) Sanger ; grandson of 
Richard and Rachel (Butler) Sanger, and of the 
Rev. Joseph and Sarah (Morgan) Prentice, anda 
descendant of Capt. 
Thomas Prentice 
(1621-1710) of Cam- 
bridge, Mass., and of 
George Barbour (1615- 
1685) of Dedham, 
Mass. He attended 
the University of 
Michigan; enrolled 
as lieutenant, 1st 
Michigan volunteers, 
April 19, 1861, and 
served with the light 
artillery, being bre- 
vetted captain and 
major for gallantry in 
the battles of Bermu- 
da Hundred and Deep Bottom, Va., 1864 and 1865. 
He was promoted adjutant of the Ist artillery,1866, 
was honor graduate of the artillery school, Fort 
Monroe, Va., 1869, and on its re-establishment 
was appointed its first adjutant ; commanded a 
battery in the Brooklyn ‘‘ Whisky Riots.” 1871, 
and was professor of military science, tactics and 
law in Bowdoin college, 1872-75. He was promoted 
captain, {st artillery, Feb. 7, 1875; was detailed 
to accompany Gen. Emory Upton on a tour of 
inspection of the armies of Japan, Asia. Europe 
and England, 1875-77; commanded a battery in 
the 1st artillery, 1877-84, serving in several rail- 
road riots ; was aide to Major-General Schofield, 
1884-88 ; appointed inspector-general, with the 
rank of major, Feb. 12, 1889; served as aide and 
acting secretary to President Harrison, 1891, and 
as military secretary to Lieut.-Gen. Schofield. 
He was inspector of the South Atlantic inspection 
district and principal assistant to the inspector- 
general of the army, September, 1895, to March, 
1898, and appointed inspector-general of volun- 
teers, with rank of lieutenant-colonel, July 7 

[608] 





? 








es 











































SANGSTER 


1898, serving as acting inspector-general, U.S.A. 
He was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers, 
May 27, 1898, and was in command consecutively 
of the 2d brigade, 2d division, 1st corps, June 19- 
29, 1898 ; 3d division, 1st corps, June 29-Nov. 19; 
2d brigade, 2d division, Ist corps, Nov. 19-Dec. 
4, and 2d division, Ist corps, Dec. 4-23. He was 
assigned to the command of the district of 
Mantanzas, Cuba, Jan. 11, 1899; mustered out of 
the volunteer service, June 12, 1899, and assigned 
to duty with assistant secretary of war the fol- 
lowing July 3. General Sanger was appointed by 
President McKinley director of the census of 
Cuba and Porto Rico, Aug. 9 and Sept. 8, 1899, 
respectively, and a member of the War college 
board, June 21, 1900. He was semeere colonel 
and inspector-general, U.S.A., Feb. 2, 1901. and 
brigadier-general, U.S.A., J ate 23, 1902. In 1903 
he was supervisor of the Philippine census, with 
headquarters at Manila, P. I. 

SANGSTER, Margaret Elizabeth, author, was 
born at New Rochelle, N.Y., Feb. 22, 1838; 
daughter of John and Margaret (Chisholm) Mun- 
son; granddaughter of John and Grace (Gale) 
- Munson, and of Thomas and Margaret(Kirkaldy) 
Chisholm; and. of 
Irish and Scottish lin- 
eage. She was edu- 
cated in New York 
city, and was mar- 
ried Aug. 12, 1858, 
to George Sangster. 
She contributed to 
the leading periodi- 
cals, and was associ- 
ate editor of Hearth 
and Home, 1871-73; 
of the Christian at 
Work, 1873-79, and 
of the Christian In- 
telligencer from 1879 
staff-contributor to 
the Christian Herald from 1894, and editor of 
_Harper’s Bazar, 1889-99. She is the author of : 
Home and Heaven (1860); Five Happy Weeks 
(1862); Mary Stanhope and Her Friends (1863); 
iss Dewbury’s School (1870); Splendid Times 
‘i 870); Hours with Girls (1876); Manual of Mis- 
sio s of the Reformed Church in America (1880); 
Poems of the Household (1882); Home Fairies and 
‘He cart Flowers (1882); With My Neighbors (1883); 
Art of Home Making (1883); On the Road Home 
(1890); Easter Bells (1891); Little Knights and 
Ladi dies (1892); Maidie’s Problem (1892); Winsome 
Womanhood (1900); Janet Ward (1902); When 
eae els Come to Men (1903). 

Bis ANKEY, Ira David, evangelist. was born in 
tdenburg, Pa., Aug. 28, 1840; son of David and 
- (Leeper) Sankey ; grandson of Ezekiel and 


SANKEY 


Jane (Cubbison) Sankey. In 1857 he moved with 
his parents to New Castle, Pa., where he became 
a class leader in the M.E. church, and later leader 
of the choir. He was also fora few years president 
of the New Castle Young Men's Christian asso- 
ciation, and after- 
ward, in 1883, pre- 
sented the town with 
a new, fully-equipped 
Association building. 
In 1861 he enlisted in 
the 12th Pennsyl- 
vania infantry, and 
after serving out his 
time became a deputy 
in the revenue service 
under his father, who 
was U.S. collector of 
internal revenue, ap- 
pointed by President 
Lincoln. He was 
married, Sept. 9, 





1863, to Frances Victoria, daughter of Rev. John 
and Elizabeth Edwards of New Castle; and of 
this union were born three sons, two of whom, 
John Edwards and Ira Allan, were living in 
1903. In 1870 he went as a Y.M.C.A. delegate 
to the International convention in Indianapolis, 
and it was here that he first met Mr. Dwight L. 
Moody, with whom he soon afterward became 
associated in evangelistic work. Mr. Sankey 
and Mr. Moody went to Great Britain in 1871, 
and in 1873, during their memorable campaign 
there, Mr. Sankey compiled the first of the ‘‘Sacred 
Songs and Solos” series, the songs of which were 
soon sung the world over. On their return to 
America in August, 1875, this hymn book, witha 
few additions, was prepared for publication by 
Mr. Sankey and Mr. P. P. Bliss, under the title 
of ‘‘ Gospel Hymns and Sacred Songs.” This was 
the first of the well-known Gospel Hymn series 
(1875-1894), the last four numbers of which 
(Gospel Hymns Nos. 3, 4, 5,6) were edited by 
Mr. Sankey, Mr. George C. Stebbins and Mr. 
James pees ney, as were the popular hymn 
books, ‘‘ Sacred Songs No. 1” and ‘* No, 2” (1896- 
99). The royalties from all of these hymn books 
went to the support of the Northfield schools 
established by Mr. Moody. In 1898 Mr, Sankey 
visited Egypt, Palestine and Southern Europe, 
and upon his return to this country, began the 
series: ‘Services of Song and Story,” upon which 
he was still engaged in 1903. His most famous 
sacred songs are: The Ninety and Nine; There'll 
Be No Dark Valley ; When the Mists Have Rolled 
Away; Faith is the Victory; A Shelter in the 
Time of the Storm. He also edited: Winnowed 
Hymns (1890) ; Christian Endeavor Hymns (1894) ; 
7oung People’s Songs of Praise (1902); and was 


[600] 


SANTAYANA 


associated with others in compiling and arrang- 
ing : Male Chorus No. 1 and No. 2 (1888-98); Gems 
of Song for the Sunday School (1901). 

SANTAY ANA, George, educator and author, 
was born at Madrid, Spain, Dec. 16, 1868. In 1872 
he came to the United States and was educated 
at the Boston Latin school and Harvard college, 
graduating with the class of 1886. In 1889 he 
became an instructor in philosophy at Harvard, 
and in 1898, assistant professor. He is the author 
of: Sonnets and Other Poems (1894); The Sense 
of Beauty (1896); Lucifer, a Theological Tragedy 
(1899); Interpretations of Poetry and Religion 
(1900); The Hermit of Carmel (1901). 

SARGEANT, Nathaniel Peaslee, jurist, was 
born in Methuen, Mass., Nov. 2, 1731; son of the 
Rev. Christopher and Susanna (Peaslee) Sargeant; 
grandson of Thomas and Mary (Stevens) Sargent 
and of Col. Nathaniel and Judith (Kimball) 
Peaslee, and a descendant of William and _ Eliz- 
abeth (Perkins) Sargent. William Sargent emi- 
grated from England and settled in Ipswich, 
Mass., in 1633, becoming later a grantee of Ames- 
bury, Mass. Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant was grad- 
uated at Harvard, A.B., 1750, A.M., 1758; and 
practised law in Haverhill, Mass. He wasa dele- 
gate to the Provincial congress in 1775, judge of 
the superior court of judicature in Massachusetts 
in 1775-89, and chief-justice of the supreme court 
of the state, 1790-91. He was a fellow of the 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He 
was married, first, Feb. 3, 1759, to Rhoda Bar- 
nard of Amesbury, Mass., and secondly, to Mary 
(Livingston) Leavett. He died at Haverhill, 


Mass., Oct. 12, 1791. 
SARGENT, Aaron Augustus, senator, was 
born in Newburyport, Mass., Sept. 28, 1827; son 


of Aaron Peaslee and Elizabeth (Stanwood) Sar- 
gent ; grandson of Moses and Lydia (Severance) 
Sargent and of John Stanwood, and a descendant 
of William Sargent. He learned the printers’ 
trade, and in 1847 became a reporter in Washing- 
ton, D.C. He removed to California in 1849 ; and 
in 1850 established the Nevada Journal in Nevada 
City. He was married March 15, 1852, to Ellen 
Swett, daughter of Amos and Rebecca (Ingalls) 
Clark of Newburyport. He was admitted to 
the bar in 1854; chosen district attorney of 
Nevada county in 1856 ; vice-president of the Re- 
publican national convention in 1860 ; a Republi- 
can representative in the 387th congress, 1861- 
63; in the 41st and 42d congresses, 1869-73, and 
U.S. senator, 1873-79. He was the author of the 
first Pacific railroad act that was passed in con- 
gress July 1, 1862. He practised law in San Fran- 
cisco, 1879-82, and in 1882, was appointed envoy 
extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to 
Germany by President Arthur. Atthe time of 
Mr. Sargent’s arrival in Berlin, the German gov- 


SARGENT 


ernment was imposing increasing restrictions 
upon American pork. Mr. Sargent reported to 
his government the real cause of restriction and 
recommended retaliation. His report was inad- 
vertently published, and for this and other dip- 
lomatic reasons his position became unpleasant. 
He presented his resignation and was immedi- | 
ately nominated U.S. minister to Russia, which 
he declined, returning homein 1884. He received 
the honorary degree of A.M. from the University — 
of California in 1865. He died in San Francisco, 
Cal., Aug. 14, 1887. 
SARGENT, Charles Sprague, botanist and 
dendrologist, was born in Boston, Mass., April 
24, 1841; son of Ignatius and Henrietta (Gray) 
Sargent ; grandson of Ignatius and Sarah (Stevens) 
Sargent and of Samuel and Mary (Brooks) Gray ; 
great-grandson of Daniel and Mary (Turner) 
Sargent; great?-grandson of Col. Epesand Cath- 
arine (Osborne) Sargent ; great®-grandson of Wil- | 
liam and Mary (Duncan) Sargent, and great#- 
grandson of William and Mary (Epes) Sargent, 
who emigrated to Gloucester, Mass., in 1678. He 
was graduated from Harvard university in 1862; 
was appointed heutenant and aide-de-camp of 
U.S. volunteers in 1862; and was brevetted 
major of U.S. volunteers in 1865. 
sor of horticulture, 1872-78 ; director of the botanic 
garden at Harvard, 1878-79, and was chosen 
Arnold professor of arboriculture in 1879. He 
received the degree LL.D. from Harvard in 1901. 






UT 


THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. 


HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 
He was married, Nov. 27, 1878, to Mary, daughter 
of Andrew and Mary (Allen) Robeson of Tiverton, 


Lay © 
American woods for the Museum of Natural 
History, New York city; was chairman of the s 
commission for the preservation of Adirondack 
forests in 1885, and chairman of the commission 
appointed by the National Academy of Sciences, _ 
of which he was elected a member in 1895, to 
decide upon a forest policy for the American — 
woodlands, 1896-97. He was elected a member 
of the American Philosophical society ; of the 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of 
the Royal Horticultural society of England, and 


[610] 


He was profes- 


He planned the Jesup collection of North 





SARGENT 





_ the Scottish Arboricultural society, and president 
of the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agri- 
culture. Ue edited Garden and Forest. 1887-97, 
and is the author of: Catalogue of the Forest 
Trees of North America (1880); Pruning Forest 
— and Ornamental Trees, a translation from the 
French of Adolphe Des Cars (1881); Reports on 
the Forests of North America (1884); The Woods 
of the United States, with an account of their 
- Structure, Qualities, and Uses (1885); The Forest 
_ Flora of Japan (1894), and The Silva of North 
_ America (14 vols., 1883-1903). 
SARGENT, Epes, author. was born in Glouces- 
_ ter, Mass., Sept. 27, 1813; son of Epes and Han- 
nah (Dane) Sargent; grandson of John Osborne 
and Lydia (Foster) Sargent and great-grandson 
of Col. Epes and Catharine (Osborne) Sargent. 
In his youth he travelled with his father in Rus- 
sia, and returning to Boston, attended the Latin 
~ school, and Harvard college where he was assovi- 
ated with his brother John Osborne Sargent and 
Oliver Wendell Holmes, in the publication of the 
Harvard Collegian. He became connected with 
the Boston Daily Advertiser and the Atlas, and 
_in 1839 became assistant editor of the Mirror, New 
York city. On his return to Boston in 1846 he 
became editor of the Transcript, and later en- 
gaged in editing a series of educational works. 
He was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel 
ee of Roxbury, Mass. In 1836 he began to 
ite for the stage, and produced The Bride of 
enon (1837), Velasco, Change Makes Change, 
and Priestess. Among his poems are Songs of tle 
Sea (1847) ; The Woman who Dared (1869) ; and 
fe on the Ocean Wave, being a lyric on the 
death of Warren. His other works are, Wealth 
w d Worth (1840) ; What's to be Done, or the Will 
and the Way (1841) ; Fleetwood, or the Stain of a 
Birth (1845) ; Peculiar, a Sale of the Great Trans- 
ition (1863) ; Life and Services of Henry Clay 
(1843) ; American Adventure by Land and Seu (2 
vols. 1847) ; The Critic Criticised (1856) ; Arctic 
ntures by Sea and Land (1857) ; and Origi- 
Dialogues (1861). He edited the lives of 
ns, Campbell, Goldsmith, Gray, Hood and 
ers (1852-65); ‘‘ Works of Benjamin Franklin ” 
3); ‘* Works of Horace and James Smith” 
57); The Modern Drama (15 vols., 1846-58) ; 
1 Cyclopedia of English und American Poetry 
3). He died in Boston, Mass., Dec. 31, 1880. 
RGENT, Frederick Leroy, botanist, was 
. in Boston, Mass., Dec. 25, 1863; son of 
ge Frederick and Mary Motley (Gavett) Sar- 
‘ grandson of JohnG. and Martha (Bellamy) 
ent and of George B. and Catharine M. E. 
ey) Gavett, and a descendant of William 
ent of Ipswich, Newbury, Hampton, Salis- 
send Amesbury, who received a grant of 
at Agawam, now Ipswich, Mass., April, 









































SARGENT 


1633. He removed to New York city in 1866, 
where he attended the common schools, and the 
College of the City of New York, 187 9-81, com- 
pleting his studies by a special course in botany 
at the Lawrence Scientifie school, Harvard, 1883- 
86. He was an instructor in the summer school 
of botany, Harvard, 1886; head of the depart- 
ment of botany, University of Wisconsin, 1886- 
87, and instructor of botany in the medical school 
1894-95. He became pres- 
ident of the Columbine association, 1895, and was 
a delegate to and president of the National 
Flower convention at Asheville, N.C., Oct. 21-23, 
1896. He was married, July 9, 1908, to Helen 
M. C., daughter of Francis James and Elizabeth 
E. (Sedgwick) Child of Cambridge, Mass. He is 
the author of: Guide to Cryptograms (1886); 
Through a Miscroscope, in collaboration with 
Samuel Wells and Mary Treat (1886); 4 Key to 
North American Species of Cladonia, Cambridge 
(1898); How to Deseribe a Flowering Plant (1894); 
Corn Plants: Their Uses and Ways of Life (1899), 
and contributions on botanical subjects to the 
Popular pei and other scientific 
periodicals. In 1903 Mr, Sargent was residing in 
Cambridge, Mass. 

SARGENT, Henry Winthrop, horticulturist, 
Noy. 26, 1810: son of 
Henry and Hannah (Welles) Sargent ; grandson 
of Daniel and Mary (Turner) Sargent and of 
Samuel and Isabella (Pratt) Welles and a de- 
scendant of Thomas Wells, second colonial gover- 
nor of Connecticut in 1655,and again in 1658. 
He was graduated from Harvard in 1830 and 
practised law in Boston for a short time, but 
later engaged in the banking business with 
Archibald Gracie in New York city. After his 
marriage, Jan, 10, 1839, to Caroline, daughter of 
Francis and Maria (Wyckoff) Olmsted of New 
York, he retired from business and devoted him- 
self to horticulture. He purchased a tract on the 
Hudson which he called ** Wodenethe ” and which 
he made one of the most celebrated gardens in 
the United States. He is the author of : Treatise 
on Landscape Gardening (1859) ; Skeleton Tours 
through England, Ireland and Scotland (1866) ; 
A Supplement to Aridrew J. Downing’s Landscape 
Gardening (1875) ; and many articles in horticul- 
died at’ Fishkill-on-the- 
1882. 


of Boston university, 


Science 


was born in Boston, Mass., 


tural magazines, He 
Hudson, N.Y., Nov. 10, 
SARGENT, Herbert Howland, soldier, was 
born in Carlinville, Ill., Sept. 29, 1858; son of 
Jacob True and Maria Lucretia (Braley) Sargent ; 
grandson of Daniel and Deborah (Foss) Sargent 
and of Elliott and Lucretia (Bullard) Braley, and 
the ninth in descent from William Sargent (born 
in England about 1606; died at Amesbury, Mass., 
March, 1675). He was graduated from Black- 
birn university, B.S., 1878, and from the U.S. 


[611] 


SARGENT 


Military academy, 1883, being promoted 2d leu- 
tenant, 2d U.S. cavalry, June 13, 1883, and served 
on frontier duty until 1898, except one year, 
1886-87, when he was professor of military science 
at the University of Iinois. He was married, 
Aug. 11, 1886, to Alice 
Carey, daughter of 
Lindsay and _ Eliza- 
beth (Miller) Apple- 
gate of Ashland, Ore. 
He served at Wash- 
ington, D.C., May, 
1898, in organizing 
volunteers for the 
Spanish-American 
war; was appointed 
colonel, Fifth Volun- 
teer infantry, May 20, 
1898; organized the 
regiment and arrived 
at Santiago, Cuba, 
Aug. 12, and com- 
manded the regiment there under Gen, Leonard 
Wood until March 20, when he was ordered with 
his regiment to command the district of Guan- 
tanamo. He sailed from Guantanamo to the 
United States the following May, and was 
mustered out of service at Camp Meade, Pa., May 
31,1899. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel, 
29th infantry, U.S. volunteers, July 5, 1899; 
sailed with his regiment for Manila, Philippine 
Islands, Oct. 5, 1899, arriving Nov. 2; participa- 
ted in combats with insurgents on the island of 
Luzon; commanded the attacking forces at the 
battle of San Mateo, in which General Lawton was 
killed, Dec. 19, 1899; was honorably discharged 
from the volunteer service, May 10, 1901, and 
promoted captain, 2d U.S. cavalry, March 2, 1899. 
He is the author of : Napoleon Bonaparte’s First 
Campaign (1893), and The Campaign of Marengo 
(1897). His works on Napoleon’s campaigns gave 
him high standing as an authority on military 
strategy. 

SARGENT, John Singer, artist, was born in 
Florence, Italy, in 1856; son of Dr. Fitzwilliam 
and (Newbold) Sargent. His father, a 
well-known physician and surgeon of Boston, 
Mass., was the author of several books on surgery, 
and his mother, a water-color artist of ability. 
He was educated in Italy and Germany ; studied 
painting at the Academy of Fine Arts, Florence, 
Italy, and in 1874 entered the studio of Carolus- 
Duran of Paris, France, who was the subject of 
his first exhibited portrait in the Salon of 1877. 
This portrait was soon followed by the two pic- 
tures: En Route pour la Péche and Smoke of 
Ambergris. In 1879 he traveled through Spain, 
where he became a devoted student of the art of 
Velasquez and conceived his Hl Jaleo, which im- 








SARGENT 


mediately established his reputation as a master 
of technique. On his return to Paris, he opened 
a studio on the boulevard Berthier ; exhibited a 
full length portrait of a young woman in the 
Salon of 1881, which placed him among the fore- 
most portrait-painters 
of the contemporary 
world, and in 1884 
removed to London, 
where he continued 
to exhibit annually 
at the Royal Acad- 
emy, his work being 
distinguished by its 
‘‘cleverness of ex- 
pression, amazing 
vividness of insight 
into character and 
expert control over 
points of craftsman- 
ship.” He visited the 
United States in 1876, 
1887 and 1889, painting in 1887 a famous por- 
trait of Mrs. Henry Marquand, and again in 1895 
and 1903, to hang his mural paintings in the 
Boston Public library, having previously exhib- 
ited them in the Royal Academy at London. 
These canvases, some of them in the Byzantine 
style, combining bas-belief and painting, repre- 
sent ‘*The Progress of Religion.” Mr. Sargent 
was made a member of the Society of American 
Artists in 1880; an Associate National Acade- 
mician in 1894, and an Academician in 1897, and 
a member of the Société Nationale de Beaux Arts. 





floc b Lerg nde 


A loan exhibition of his most notable portraits 


since 1884, was held in Copley Hall, Boston, Mass., 
under the auspices of the Boston Art Students’ 


association, February-March, 1900. He also ex- © 


hibited at various times in the United States, at 


Boston, New York city, Philadelphia, Pittsburg — 


and Chicago, and in England, at the New English 
Art Club of London. His American portrait 
subjects include: Mr. Burckhardt (1880); Mr. 
Thornton K. Lothrop (1882); Mrs. Wilton Phipps — 


(1886); Mrs. Inches (1888); Mrs. R. H. Derby — 


(1889); Mrs. Kissam (1890); Thomas B. Reed 


(1891); Mrs. Manson (1891); Miss Helen Dunham i‘ 
(1891-92); Henry Cabot Lodge ; Mrs. Carl Meyer 


and her two children (1897); Calvin S. Brice — 
(1898); Mrs. Ralph Curtis (1898); 


(1903). Among his English subjects may be— 
mentioned: Lady Agnew: Lady Playfair (1885); 

The Hon. Laura Lister ; Coventry Patmore, in — 
the National Portrait gallery of London; Mr. 
Wertheimer (1898), in the same gallery ; Francis 

C. Penrose (1898), and Sir Thomas Sutherland — 
(1898). He also painted the portrait groups: 
Carnation Lily, Lily, Rose ; and Lady Echo, Mrs. 


(612) 


William M. y 
Chase (1902), and President Theodore Roosevelt — 





LEO Se ee eee 








SARGENT 












































Adeane and Mrs. Tennant (1900), and portraits 
of Ellen Terry as ** Lady Macbeth *; Ada Rehan ; 
© Carmencita ” Luxembourg gallery ; The Java- 
nese Dancing Girl, which was one of the series 
awarded a grand medal at the Paris exposition of 
1889 ; Venetian Bead-strings, and Spanish Court- 
yard. See: ‘‘The Art of J. S. Sargent, R.A.,” 
by A. L. Baldry in The Studio (February, 1900), 
and John S, Sargent’s Decorations” by Sylvester 
Baxter in Harper’s Weekly (June 1, 1895). 
SARGENT, Jonathan Everett, jurist, was born 
in New London, N.H., Oct. 23, 1816; son of Ebenez- 
er and Prudence (Chase) Sargent; grandson of 
Peter Sargent, and adescendant of William Sar- 
gent. Jonathan E. Sargent was graduated at Dart- 
mouth, A.B., 1840, A.M., 1843, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1842. He removed from Canaan to 
Wentworth in 1843, and was married, Nov. 29, 
1843, to Maria Cordelia Jones of Enfield. He be- 
came colonel in the New Hampshire militia, was 
solicitor for Grafton county, 1844-54, a represen- 
tative in the state legislature, 1851-53, being 
_ speaker of the house, 1852-53, and was president 
_of the state senate in 1854. In 1852 his wife 
died, and on Sept. 5, 1853, he was married to 
- Louise Jennie, daughter of Col. James K. Paige 
of Wentworth, N.H. He was chief-justice of the 
court of common pleas, 1855-59; associate justice 
of the New Hampshire supreme judicial court, 
\ 1859-73, and chief-justice of that court, 1873-74. 
He served as vice-president of the New Hamp- 
shire Historical society for several years; was 
president of the New Hampshire Centennial home 
for ‘the aged, and was prominent in financial and 
banking circles. Dartmouth conferred upon him 
‘the degree of LL.D. in 1869. He died in Con- 
cord, N.H., Jan. 6, 1890. 
SARGENT, Lucius Manlius, author, was born 
in Boston, Mass., June 25, 1786; son of Daniel 
and Mary (Turner) Sargent; grandson of Col. 
Epes and Catharine (Osborne) Sargent ‘and of 
Hon. John Turner of Salem, Mass. His father 
;a Boston merchant. He attended Harvard 
studied law, but did not practise. He early 
ume associated with the cause of temperance, 
elivering lectures and writing on that subject. 
ented to the Boston Transcript, under 
me ‘‘ Sigma,” and his papers on the coolie 
were republished in England. He was 
vice married, first on April 3, 1816, to Mary, 
fer of Horace Binney, and secondly on July 
1825, to Sarah Cutter, daughter of Samuel and 
ivah Dun of Boston. He is the author of: 
nslations from Minor Latin Poets (1807); Hu- 
ort nd Helen and other Verses (1812); Ode (1813); 
ree Temperance Tales (1848); Dealings with the 
(1856); Reminiscences of Samuel Dexter 
), and The Irrepressible Conflict (1861). He 
in West Roxbury, Mass., June 2, 1867. 


SARGENT 


SARGENT, Paul Dudley, soldier, was born 
in Salem, Mass., in 1745; son of Col. Epes and 
Catharine (Osborne) Sargent. He joined the 
patriot army at the outbreak of the Revolutionary 
war and commanded a regiment at the siege of 
Boston, being wounded at Bunker Hill. He com- 
manded a brigade at Harlem, Trenton, Princeton 
and White Plains, and after the war was elected 
chief justice of the court of common pleas of 
Hancock county, Maine. He was judge of the 
probate court, justice of the same, first repre- 
sentative to the general court, postmaster, and 
an overseer of Bowdoin college, 1794-96. He died 
in Sullivan, Maine, Sept. 28, 1828, 

SARGENT, Winthrop, patriot, was born in 
Gloucester, Mass., May 1, 1758; son of Winthrop 
and Judith (Saunders) Sargent; grandson of Col. 
Epes and Esther (Maccarty) Sargent and of 
Thomas and Judith (Robinson) Saunders, and a 
descendant of William and Mary (Epes) Sargent, 
who settled at Cape Ann. He was graduated 
from Harvard, A.B., 1771, A.M., 1774; was cap- 
tain of a merchant ship belonging to his father, 
and in 1775 entered the patriot army. He was 
naval agent at Glousester, Jan. 1-March 16, 1776; 
and captain in Gen. Henry Knox’s regiment of 
artillery, serving until the close of the war, and 
attaining the rank of major. In 1786 he became 
connected with the Ohio company and was ap- 
pointed by congress surveyor of the territory 
northwest of the He was commis- 
sioned secretary of the Northwestern Territory, 
Sept. 1, 1789 ; recommissioned, Dec. 10, 1794, and 
was commissioned governor of the Mississippi 
Territory, May 7, 1798, 1798-1801. He 
was married, Oct. 24, 1798, to Mary, daughter of 
William and Eunice (Hawley) Macintosh of In- 
verness, Scotland, and afterward of Natchez, 
Miss. Heserved in the Indian wars of 1791 and 
1794-95, taking part in the expedition under Gen. 
Arthur St. Clair, where he was wounded. He 
was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts 
and Sciences ; corresponding member of the Mas- 
sachusetts Historical society, a member of the 
American Philosophical society, and an original 
member of the Society of Cincinnati. In collab- 
oration with. Benjamin B. Smith, he published 
Papers Relative to Certain American Antiquities 
(1796), and Boston, a poem (1803). He died in 
New Orleans, La., June 3, 1820. 

SARGENT, Winthrop, author, 
Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 23, 1825; son of George 
Washington and Margaret Jessie Perey Sargent, 
and grandson of Winthrop Sargent, the patriot 
(q.v.). He was graduated from the University of 
Pennsylvania, A.B., 1845, A.M., 1848, and from the 
Harvard Law school, LL.B., 1847. He practised 
in Philadelphia and in New York, and devoted 
He was a member 


Ohio river. 


serving, 


was born in 


his spare time to literature. 


[613] 


SARTAIN 


of the Pennsylvania Historical society. He was 
married to Sarah, daughter of Ignatius Sargent 
of Boston. Among his books are: History of an 
Expedition against Fort Duquesne in 1775 under 
Major-General Braddock, edited from Original 
Manuscripts (1855); The Loyalist Poetry of the 
Revolution (1857); The Journal of the General 
Meeting of the Cincinnati (1858); Loyal Verses of 
Joseph Stansbury and Dr. Jonathan Odell (1860); 
Life and Career of Maj. John André (1861); Les 
Etats Confédérés et de Ul Escavage (1864), and an 
unfinished catalogue of classified books concerning 
America. He died in Paris, France, May18, 1870. 

SARTAIN, Emily, artist, was born in Philadel- 
phia, Pa.; daughter of Johnand Susannah Long- 
mate (Swaine) Sartain. She studied engraving un- 
der her father, and oil painting at the Pennsylva- 
nia Academy of Fine Arts, under Christian Schis- 
sele, 1864-71, and under Evariste Luminais, at 
Paris, France, 1871-75. She engraved many 
plates in mezzo-tint, including numerous portraits 
for book illustration, and executed some large 
etchings for framing. She exhibited oil paint- 
ings at the Paris Salon in 1875 and 1883; received 
a medal at the Centennial exhibition of 1876; 
honorable mention at the Pan-American exhibi- 
tion of 1901, and was awarded the Mary Smith 
prize by the Pennsylvania Academy in 1881 and 
1883 for the best painting by a woman. She was 
art editor of Our Continent, 1881-83; a member 
of the jury of awards of the Art Department, 
World’s Columbian exposition, 1895, and official 
delegate from the U.S. government to the Inter- 
national Congress on Instruction in Drawing, 
held at Paris in 1900. From 1886 she served as 
principal of the Philadelphia School of Design 
for Women, 

SARTAIN, John, artist, was born in London, 
England, Oct. 24, 1808. He attended private 
schools in London but left school in 1818, and 
in 1820 became assistant to Signor Mortram, the 
pyrotechnist and scene painter at the Covent 
Garden theatre. In 1822 he engaged as appren- 
tice to an engraver, and in 1823 received the order 
for eighteen steel plates for the illustrations of the 
early Florentine school of painters. He studied 
designing in water colors under Varley and Rich- 
ter, and painting in oils under Joshua Shaw and 
De Franca. He was married to Susannah Long- 
mate Swain, daughter of John Swain, his first 
master in steel engraving. Heremoved to Amer- 
ica in 1830; settled in Philadelphia and was the 
first to introduce into America the mezzotint 
style of engraving. He also engaged in painting 
portraits in oils and miniatures on ivory, design- 
ing bank-note vignettes and in making wood cuts 
for book illustration. In 1848 he bought Camp- 
bell’s Foreign Semi-Monthly Magazine, which he 
edited, and later he engraved the plates for the 


[614] 





















































SARTAIN 


Eclectic Museum. In 1848 he purchased a half 
interest in the Union Magazine, of New York, — 
which he removed to Philadelphia, and changed 
the name to Sartain’s Union Magazine. He pur- 
chased for his magazine Agassiz’s first contribu- 
tion to American current literature, entitled “ A _ 
Period in the History of Our Planet,” which he 
published in 1843, and received many contribu- 
tions from Edgar Allen Poe, including: * The 
Bells.” He was-a member of the Artists Fund 
society, the School of Design for Women, was a 
director of the Academy of Fine Arts in Phila- 
delphia, and was elected a member of the Society 
Artes in Amicitiz in Amsterdam, Holland, in ~ 
1862. He had charge of the Art department — 
at the Centennial exhibition at Philadelphia, 
and of the American exhibit in London in 1887. 
Among his most notable engravings are The 
County Election in Missouri, after Bingham 
(1855); Mrs. and Mrs. Robert Gilmor of Baltimore, — 
after Sir Thomas Lawrence ; David Paul Brown. 
after John Neagle; Christ Rejected, after Benja- 
min West (1862); Men of Progress, American 
Inventors (1862); Zeesberger, Preaching to the 
Indians at Gosgoshunk (1862); The Iron Worker 
and King Solomon (1876); John Know and Mary 
Queen of Scots, after Leutzé, Homestead of Henry 
Clay, after Hamilton and Edwin Forrest, and 
The Battle of Gettysburg, after Peter F. Rother- 
mel. He designed several monuments including 
one to Washington, one to Lafayette and two- 
medallion heads for monuments in the Laurel 
Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia. He died in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., Oct. 25, 1897. 

SARTAIN, Samuel, engraver, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 8, 1830; eldest son of John 
(q.v.) and Susannah Longmate (Swain) Sartain. 
He studied under his father, and at the Pennsyl- 
vania Academy of Fine Arts, and devoted himself 
to engraving on steel. He was a trustee of the 
Artists Fund society and a member of the board 
of managers and treasurer of the Franklin Insti-— 
tute. He received a silver medal at an exhibi- 
tion of the Franklin Institute and an ‘ honorable — 
mention ” with special approbation at the World’s 
Fair, New York. Among his best known en- 
gravings are, Clear the Track, after C. Schuessele 
(1854); Christ Blessing Little Children, after Sir 
Charles Locke ; Eastlake (1861); One of the Chosen. - 
after Guy; Christ Stilling the Tempest, after 
Hamilton; Song of the Angels, after Thomas 
Moran; Evangeline, after Thomas Faed and A 
Pompeian Water Carrier after Millet. His por- 
traits include, Benjamin West, Thomas Sully 
and John Nagle. 7 

SARTAIN, William, artist, was born in Phil 
adelphia, Pa., Nov. 21, 1843; son of John and 
Susannah Longmate (Swaine) Sartain. He at- 
tended the Philadelphia High school; studied 


» 


SARTORI 
















































engraving under his father until 1867: studied 
painting under Christian Schuessele, and at the 
‘Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; studied 
abroad with Léon Bonnat and at the Ecole des 
Beaux Arts, Paris, and on his return to the United 
_ States in 1877, settled in New York city. He was 

elected an associate of the National Academy of 
Design in 1880; was one of the original members 
of the Society of American Artists ; president of 
the New York Art club; received a silver medal 
in Boston in 1881,and honorable mention in 
‘Philadelphia in 1887 ; a bronze medal at the Pan- 
American exposition, Buffalo, 1901, and a silver 
medal at the Charleston exposition, 1902. He 
_ is represented in several public galleries, includ- 
ing the Corcoran Art gallery, Washington. He 
_was professor of life classes at the Art Students’ 
league, New York city, and contributed many 
_ articles on art to periodicals. His paintings in- 
clude: Tombs of the Saints at Bouzareah (1874); 
Italian Boy’s Head and Italian Girl’s Head (1876); 
Narcissus (1878); Nubian Sheik (1879); A Quiet 
Moment (1879-80); A Chapter of the Koran (1883): 
Paquita (1883); Sand Dunes of Manesquan (1892) ; 
The Valley (1902), and The Passing Shower (1903), 
SARTORI, Lewis Constant, naval officer, was 
born in Bloomsbury, N.J., June 3, 1812. He 
entered the U.S. navy asa midshipman in 1829; 
was promoted passed midshipman in 1837; lieu- 
tenant, Sept. 8, 1841, and served throughout the 
Mexican war on the bomb-brig Stromboli, 1847- 
48. He was attached to the Pacific squadron on 
the sloop John Adams, 1855-56, when he com- 
manded an expedition against the Feejee Islanders; 
was on shore duty at the Philadelphia navy yard, 
1857-58; was promoted commander, April 7, 
1861, and given command of the steamer Flag of 
South Atlantic blockading squadron. He 
;assigned to command the sloop-of-war Ports- 
th of the Western Gulf blockading squadron, 
3-65, and the steamer Agawam of the North 
Jantic squadron, 1865-66. He was promoted 
ain, Sept. 26, 1866; served in the North 
ic squadron, 1868-70 ; was in charge of the 
Island navy yard, San Francisco, in 1873; 
| promoted commodore, Dec. 12, 1873, and 
etired, June 3, 1874. He died in New York 
‘ity, Jan. 12, 1899. 

SATTERLEE, Henry Yates, first bishop of 
shington and 180th in succession in the Amer- 
h episcopate, was born in New York city, 
11, 1843; son of Edward and Jane Anna 
es) Satterlee; grandson of Edward Rath- 
200 e and Mary (Lansing) Satterlee and of Henry 
nd Katharine (Mynderse) Yates, and a descen- 
of the Rev. William Satterlee, vicarof Ide, 
mshire, England, 1645, and his son, Benedict 
rlee, who settled in New London, Conn., in 
-also of Lieut.-Col. Benedict Satterlee, an 


Le @ 





_« 


SATTERLEE 


officer in the colonial army, who was killed at 
the massacre of Wyoming. He was graduated 
from Columbia college, A.B., 1863. A.M., 1866; 
from the General Theological seminary in 1866; 
was ordained to the diaconate in 1865, and to the 
priesthood in 1866. He was married, June 30 
1866, to Jane, daugh- 
ter of Timothy Grid- 
ley and Patience 
(Lawrence) Churchill 
of New York city. 
He served as assistant 


minister of Zion 
church at Wappin- 
ger’s Falls), NvY:; 


1865-75 ; rector, 1875- 
82, and rector of Cal- 
vary church, New 
York city, 1882-96, 
He declined the elec- 
tion as bishop coad- 
jutor of Ohio in 1887, 
and as bishop of Mich- 
igan in 1889, and was consecrated bishop of 
Washington, March 25, 1896, by Bishops Coxe, 





Huntington, Dudley, Scarborough, Penick, 
Whitehead, Potter, Rulison, Paret, Leonard, 


Nelson and Cheshire. The honorary degree of 
D.D. was conferred on him by Union college in 
1882, and by Princeton university in 1896; and 
that of LL.D. by Columbia college in 1897. He 
is the author of : Christ and His Chureh (1878) ; 
Life Lessons from the Prayer Book (1890); A 
Creedless Gospel and the Gospel Creed (1894); 
New Testament Churehmanship (1899); The Call- 
ing of the Christian and Christ’s Sacrament of 
Fellowship (1902). 

SATTERLEE, Walter. artist, was born in 
Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 18, 1844; son of George Crary 
and Mary Le Roy (Livingston) Satterlee, and a 
descendant of Lieut. Col. Benedict Satterlee. He 
was graduated from Columbia, A.B., 1863, A.M., 
1866 ; studied at the National Academy of Design, 
and under Edwin White and Leon Bonnat. He 
was elected an Associate of the National Academy 
in 1879 ; a member of the American Water Color 
society, and the New York Etching club, and in 
1886 he won the Clarke prize at the Academy. 
He became well known asa book illustrator and 
as ateacher. Among his oil paintings are: Con- 
templation (1878); Extremes Meet (1881); The 
Convent Composer (1881); Autumn (1886) ; Good 
Bye, Summer (1886); The Cronies (1886) ; For- 
tune by Tea Leaves (1886) ; Lagging Hours, The 
First Patient, The Votive Offering : and his water 
colors include ; Solitaire (1878) ; Old Ballads (1878); 
Two Sides of a Convent Wall (1884) ; The Fortune 
Teller (1887); The Net Mender (1887), and The 
Lightened Load (1887. ) 


¥ [615] 


+ 


SAULSBURY 


SAULSBURY, Eli, senator, was born in Mis- 
pillion Hundred, Kent county, Del., Dec. 29, 1817 ; 
son of William and (Smith) Saulsbury. 
His father was sheriff in 1820, and soon after re- 
moved to Dover, where Eli attended school. He 
subsequently entered a select school at Denton, 
Md., attended Dickinson college regularly, but 
did not graduate, and engaged in cultivating his 
widowed mother’s farm at Mispillion, 1841-56. 
He was a representative in the state legislature, 
1852-54; went to Dover, Del., in 1856; studied 
law, and in 1857 was admitted to the bar. 
He was elected U.S. senator by the Democratic 
legislature in 1870, as successor to his brother, 
Willard Saulsbury ; was re-elected in 1877 and 
1883, serving till March 4, 1889, and during his 
entire service in the senate was chairman of the 
committee on engrossed bills. He voted against 
the 14th amendment. He contributed largely to 
the building of the Wilmington conference 
academy, and was elected president of the board 
of trustees to succeed his brother, Gove Saulsbury, 
in 1881, serving till 1898. Hedied in Dover, Del., 
March 22, 1898. 

SAULSBURY, Gove, governor of Delaware, 
was born in Mispillion Hundred, Kent county, 
Del., March 29, 1815; son of William and 
(Smith) Saulsbury. He attended the local 
schools, Delaware college, and the university of 
Pennsylvania: practised medicine in Dover ; was 
elected state senator on the Democratic ticket in 
1862, and was speaker during the second session. 
Upon the death of Gov. William Cannon, March 
1, 1865, he succeeded to the office of governor, 
and in 1866 was elected to the office for the term 
ending 1870. He died at Dover, July 31, 1881. 

SAULSBURY, Willard, senator, was born in 
Mispillion Hundred, Kent county, Del., June 2, 
1820; son of William and (Smith) Sauls- 
bury. He attended Dickinson college, Pa.; en- 
gaged in the practice of law in Georgetown, Del.; 
was state attorney-general, 1850-55, and was 
elected U.S. senator on the Democratic ticket in 
1858, serving till 1871. He favored the preserva- 
tion of the Union; served on the reconstruction 
committee in the 39th congress; was a delegate 
to the Democratic national convention of 1864, 
and was made a chancellor of Delaware in 18738. 
He died in Dover, Del., April 6, 1892. 

SAUNDERS, Alvin, senator, was born in Flem- 
ing county, Ky., July 12, 1817. He removed 
with his father to Illinois in 1829, and in 1836 
settled in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, then Wisconsin 
Territory ; was postmaster there for seven years ; 
studied law with Isaac Van Allen, and engaged 
in the mercantile and banking business. He was 
amember of the convention that framed the state 
constitution in 1846 ; was state senator for eight 
years ; adelegate to the Republican national con- 











SAUNDERS 


ventions of 1860 and 1868, and was appointed by 
congress a member of the board of commissioners 
to,organize the Pacific railroad company. He 
was governor of the Territory of Nebraska, 1861- 
67, and U.S. senator, 1877-88. He secured for 
Nebraska a vast tract of land by straightening 
the boundary line between that state and South 
Dakota. He died in Omaha, Neb., Nov. 1, 1899. 

SAUNDERS, Frederick, librarian, was born 
in London, Eng., Aug. 14, 1807; son of the senior 
member of the firm of Saunders and Ottley, book 
publishers of London. He received a superior 
education, and became a clerk in his father’s 
book store. He was sent in 1837 to New York to 
open a branch of the house, hoping to secure an 
American copyright on the publications of the 
firm in demand in the United States ; and he also 
petitioned congress for the passage of an act 
looking to the protection of both American and 
British authors. His object failed, although he 
was backed by Henry Clay, Washington Irving, 
William Cullen Bryant, and George Bancroft. 
He was for a time city editor of the New York 
Evening Post, William Cullen Bryant, editor; 
was employed by Harper and Brothers and by 
George P. Putnam, 1850-55, and was assistant 
librarian of the Astor lbrary through 
offices of Washington Irving, 1859-76, and 
librarian, 1876-96, when he was retired with full 
pay. He was married, Sept. 18, 1833, to Mary 


Ann Farr of London, Eng. The honorary de- — 


gree of A.M. was conferred on him by Madison 
university, Hamilton, N.Y., in 1853. 
editor of Our National Centennial Jubilee (1877); 
and with Henry C. Tuckerman, of Homes of 
American Authors (1853). He contributed to the 
Knickerbocker Magazine; Democratic Review; 
New York Quarterly ; and is the author of: 
Memoirs of the Great Metropolis, or London from 
the Tower to the Crystal Palace (1852) ; New York 
in a Nut-shell (1853) ; Salad for the Solitary (1853 ; 
rev, ed., 1856-1872) ; Salad for the Social (1856) ; 
Pearls of Thought, Religious and Philosophical, 
Gathered from Old Authors (1858); Mosaies 
(1856) ; Festival of Song, with 73 illustrations 
(1868) ; About Women, Love, and Marriage 
(1868) ; Evenings with the Sacred Poets (1869) ; 


Pastime Papers (1885) ; The Story of Some Fa-— 


mous Books (1887); Stray Leaves of Literature 
(1888) ; Story of the Discovery of the New World 
(1892) ; Character Studies (1894). He died in New 
York city, Dec. 12, 1902. “a 

SAUNDERS, Romulus Mitchell, statesman, 
was born in Caswell (then Orange) county, N.C., 
March 3, 1791 ; son of William Saunders (an officer 
in the 6th regiment, N.C. troops during the Revo- 
lutionary war, 1777-83, and an original member 
of the Society of the Cincinnati) and Hannah 
(Mitchell) Saunders, his wife; grandson of Wil- 


[616] 


the — 


He was the — 





el 








SAVAGE 










































liam and (Adams) Saunders of Dan River, 
y.C., and a descendant of the Saunders family of 
Lancaster county, Virginia, who settled on the 
great Wiscomico river in 1660. His father re- 
moved to Somerset county, Tenn., in 1791, on the 
death of his wife, and died there in 1803. Ro- 
mulus was adopted by his uncle, Col. James 
Saunders, a member of the Halifax congresses. 
He attended the University of North Carolina, 
809-11; read law with Judge Hugh Lawson 
White of Tennessee ; and was married Dec. 22, 
812, to Rebecca Paine Carter of Caswell county, 
LC. He practised law at Milton on the Dan 
river, N.C., 1812-15; and was a member of the 
state house vf commons, 1815-20, being speaker 
f the house, 1819. His wife died, Oct. 9, 1821, 
and he was married’ secondly, May 26, 1823, to 
Anna Hays Johnson, daughter of Justice William 
Johnson (q.v.). He was a Democratic represen- 
ve in the 17th, 18th and 19th congresses, 1821- 
7 attorney-general of North Carolina in 1828-31, 
ind a commissioner with George W. Campbell 
und John K, Kane, to distribute 25,000,000 frances 
secured by the treaty with France, 1831. He was 
judge of the superior court of North Carolina, 
40 ; was defeated for governor of the state 
John M. Morehead in 1840; was a representa- 
in the 27th and 28th congresses, 1841-45 ; 
. minister to Spain, 1846-49, and he conducted 
he confidential negotiations made by the govern- 
ment for the purchase of Cuba for $100,000,000, 
hich were frustrated by Reynolds, U.S. secre- 
wry of legation, who accepted a bribe for publish- 
the negotiations and was dismissed by the 
. government. Mr. Saunders was recalled at 
is own request in 1849; was again a member of 
he house of commons, 1850-52; was judge of the 
ior court, 1852-65, and was a member of the 
1 of commissioners to revise the laws of the 
He was a trustee of the University of 
Carolina, 1819-64. He died in Raleigh, 
April 21, 1867. 
VAGE, Ezra goon, Bererunr of CA hes 


5 / 
ie, 


(Campbell) aed and of 
John and _ Rachel (Rice) 
Perin, and a descendant of 
the Savages of Bangor, Me., 
formerly from the North of 
Treland, and the Perins, 
Rices, and Williams, pioneer 
settlers of Massachusetts. 
ma Pidulated at Iowa college, but left to volun- 
v in the Federal army, and served under Grant 
man, 1861-65. He was married, first. Oct. 
to Anna C., daughter of Charles and An- 
1ase) Rich, of Chicago, who died in 1883 ; 


SAVAGE 


and secondly, March 9, 1896, to Elvira, daughter of 
Daniel and Francis (Thorn) Hess of Lyons, Iowa. 
He engaged in business in Lyons, Iowa, 1866-73 ; 
began cattle-raising in Crawford county, Iowa, 
in 1873, and moved his ranch to Custer county, 
Neb., in 1879. He then engaged in business in 
South Omaha, Neb., and was first mayor of that 
city, 1886-88. In 1883 he laid out the town of 
Sargent. He was a member of the Nebraska 
legislature, 1883-84; was elected lieutenant- 
governor of Nebraska in 1900, on the Republican 
ticket, with C. H. Dietrich for governor ; and 
Governor Dietrich being elected U.S. senator in 
March, 1901, Lieutenant Governor Savage became 
governor in May, 1901, for the term expiring 
December 31, 1902, when he was succeeded by 
John H. Mickey. 

SAVAGE, George Martin, educator, was born 
near Rienzi, Miss., Feb. 5, 1849; son of Hamilton 
Giles and Eleanor Jane (Shields) Savage; grand- 
son of Martin and Mary (Hudspeth) Savage and of 
George and Margaret (McElbranan) Shields, and a 
descendant of Hamilton Savage. He was gradua- 
ted from Union university (now the Southwestern 
Baptist university) A.B. in 1871, A.M., 1874; and 
entered the Baptist ministry. He was married, 
July 26, 1871, to Fannie Forester, daughter of 
Chesley and Elizabeth (Jordan) Williams of 
Eagleville, Tenn. He was principal of Hender- 
son Male and Female institute, 1871-77 and 1880- 
84; professor of English and Frenchin the South- 
western Baptist university, 1877-80; principal of 
the Eagleville (Tenn.) high school, 1884-90, and 
in 1890 became president of the Southwestern 
Baptist university. He received the degree of 
LL.D. from the Southwestern Baptist university 
in 1890. 

SAVAGE, James, antiquary, was born in 
Boston, Mass., July 13, 1784; son of Habijah and 
Elizabeth (Tudor) Savage; grandson of Thomas 
and Deborah (Briggs) Savage and of John and 
Jane (Varney) Tudor, and a descendant of Maj. 
Thomas Savage, who came from St. Albans, 
England, to Boston, Mass. in 1635. He was grad- 
uated at Harvard, A.B., 1803, A.M., 1806 ; studied 
law under Isaac Parker in Portland and under 
Samuel Dexter and William Sullivan in Boston ; 
was admitted to the bar in 1807, and practised in 
Boston. He was a representative in the state 
legislature, 1812, 1813 and 1821; a member of the 
state constitutional convention, 1820; state sen- 
ator, 1826, anda member of the executive council, 
of the Boston common council, and of the board 
of aldermen. He founded the Provident Insti- 
tution for Savings in Boston in 1817, and served 
successively as its secretary, treasurer, vice- 
president and president, through a period of 
forty-five years. He was married, April 25, 

1823, to Elizabeth Otis, daughter of George Still- 


(617] 


* 


SAVAGE 


man of Machias, Maine, and widow of James 
Otis Lincoln of Hingham, Mass. He was an 
overseer of Harvard, 1838-53; librarian of the 
Massachusetts Historical society, 1814-18, its 
treasurer, 1820-39, and its president, 1841-55; a 
fellow of the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences, and a member of the Boston Anthology 
society. He received the degree LL.D. from 
Harvard in 1841. He devoted many years to 
antiquarian research ; was for five years an as- 
sociate editor of the Monthly Anthology, which 
led to the North American Review; revised the 
volume of charters and general laws of the Mass- 
achusetts Colony and the Province of Massachu- 
setts Bay, and edited William Payley’s works (5 
vols., 1823; new edit., 1830). He also published 
John Winthrop’s ‘* History of New England 1630- 
46” (2 vols., 1825-26; 2d edit. rev., 1853). His 
most notable work is his Genealogical Dictionary 
of the First Settlers of New England, Showing 
Three Generations of Those who came before May, 
1692 (4 vols., 1860-64), the result of twenty years 
of painstaking research. He died in Boston, 
Mass., March 8, 1873. 

SAVAGE, John, jurist, was born in Salem, 
N.Y. in 1779. He was graduated at Union col- 
lege, 1799, and practised law in Salem, N.Y., 
1800-19. He represented Washington county in 
the New York assembly in 1814; was Democratic 
representative from New York in the 14th and 
15th congresses, 1815-19, and subsequently served 
as U.S. district attorney for New York. He was 
state comptroller, 1821-23; chief-justice of the 
New York supreme court, 1523-37; assistant U.S. 
treasurer in New York city for some time, and a 
presidential elector for the 29th district on the 
Polk and Dallas ticket in 1845. He received the 
degree LL.D. from Union college in 1829. He 
died in Utica, N.Y., Oct. 19, 1863. 

SAVAGE, John, journalist, was born in Dub- 
lin, Ireland, Dee. 13, 1828; son of John and Eliz- 
abeth (Guest) Savage. He attended the art school 
of the Royal Dublin society; joined the revolu- 
tionary party, and published two journals that 
were suppressed by the British government. He 
organized bands of armed peasants in the south 
of Ireland, and when the Irish cause was lost, he 
fled to New York city in 1848, and engaged as a 
proof-reader on the New York Tribune. He be- 
came literary editor of the Citizen ; contributed 
to the Democratic Review, to the American Review, 
and in 1857 removed to Washington, D.C., where 
he purchased The States and made it the organ of 
Stephen A. Douglas. He organized the Irish 
brigade and the Irish legion in 1861, and served 
during the civil war in the 69th New York regi- 
ment. He was married, Oct. 3, 1854, to Louise 
Gouverneur, youngest daughter of Capt. Samuel 
Chester Reid (q.v.) and Mary (Jennings) Reid. 


[618] 


SAVAGE 

















































He was chief clerk of the New York marine — 
court, 1875-84. The honorary degree of LL.D, 
was conferred on him by St. John’s college, 
N.Y., in 1875. He wrote several popular war 
songs, including : The Starry Flag and The Muster 
of the North, and his published books comprise: 
Lays of the Fatherland (1850); ’98 and °48: The 
Modern Revolutionary History and Literature of 
Ireland (1856); Our Living Representative Men 
(1860); Faith and Fancy (poems, 1863); Campaign 
Life of Andrew Johnson (1864); Life and Publie 
Services of Andrew Johnson (1866); Fenian 
Heroes and Martyrs (1868); Poems: Lyrical, 
Dramatic and Romantic (1870); Picturesque 
Ireland, containing an interesting account of Mr. : 
Savage's family (edited, 1876), and several plays, - 
which are: Sybil,a tragedy, produced in 1858 
(1865); Waiting for a Wife, a comedy (1859); 
and Eva, a Goblin Romance (1865). A life-size 
marble portrait bust of Dr. Savage was placed in 
the Booth museum, Players club, New York city. 
He died in Spragueville, Pa., Oct. 9, 1888. 

SAVAGE, John Houston, representative, was 
born in McMinnville, Tenn., Oct. 9, 1815 ; son of 
George and Elizabeth (Kenner) Savage; grand- 
son of Abram and Anne (Bowman) Savage and of | 
Rodham and Malinda (Paine) Kenner, and a de- 
scendant of Capt. Richard Kenner, who recorded 
a deed of land in Northern Neck, Va., in 1667. 
He attended the common schools; joined the 
army as a private under Gen. Edmund P. Gaines, - 
serving on the Texas frontier and against the 
Seminole Indians in Florida, and practised law in 
Smithville, Tenn. He was colonel of the state 
militia; attorney-general of the 4th district of — 
Tennessee, 1841-47, and a presidential elector on 
the Polk and Dallas ticket in 1844. He took part 
in the war with Mexico as major, 14th infantry, 
U.S.A. : was wounded at Molino del Rey ; pro- 
moted lieutenant-colonel, 11th infantry, and 
succeeded Col. William Graham in the command 
of the regiment, He was a Democratic repre 
sentative from Tennessee in the 81st and 32nd 
congresses, 1849-53, and in the 34th and 35th con- 
gresses, 1855-59. He served as colonel, 16th 
Tennessee infantry, C.S.A., and was wounded at 
Perryville and Murfreesboro. He was a Demo- 
cratic representative in the state legislature in 
1877-79 and 1887. He was never married. His 
biography was in course of preparation under his 
personal direction in 1903. f 

SAVAGE, Minot Judson, clergyman, was born 
in Norridgewock, Maine, June 10, 1841; son of 
Joseph and Ann §. (Stinson) Savage, and a de- 
scendant of James Savage, a native of England, 
who came from London to Boston with his wife 
and one child about 1715. He fitted for Bowdoin 
college, but was prevented from going by ill 
health, and was graduated from Bangor Theolo- 


SAVAGE 
































gical seminary in 1864, He was ordained to the 
Congregational ministry in 1864, and was married 
in the same year to Ella A., daughter of the Rev, 
John and Ann (Godfrey) Dodge of Harvard, 
Mass. He was a home missionary to California, 
1864-67; pastor at 
Framingham, Mass., 
1867-69, and at Han- 
nibal, Mo., 1869-73. 
He joined the Uni- 
tarian body in 1873, 
and was minister in 
Chicago, 1878, and of 
the Church of the 
Unity, Boston, 1874- 
96, when he became 
the associate of the 
Rey. Dr. Robert Coll- 
yer at the Church 
of the Messiah, New 
York city. The hon- 
orary degree of D.D. 
was conferred on him by Harvard in 1896. 
‘He edited: Sacred Songs for Public Worship 
and a Unitarian Catechism; and is the author 
of: Christianity the Science of Manhood (1873); 
Light on the Cloud (1876); The Religion of Evolu- 
tion (1876); Bluffton: a Story of To-Day (1878); 
Life Questions (1879); The Morals of Evolution 
(1880); Beliefs about Jesus (1881); Belief in God 
(1882); Beliefs about Man (1882); Poems (1882); 
Beliefs about the Bible (1883); The Modern Sphinx 
(1883); Man, Woman and Child (1884); The 
Religious Life (1885); Social Problems (1886); 
ad Creed (1887); These Degenerate Days (1887); 
esous Reconstruction (1888); Signs of the 
es (1889); Helps for Daily Living (1889); 
L ife (1890); Four Great Questions Concerning 
God (1891); The Irrepressible Conflict between 
me World-Theories (1891); The Evolution of 
thristianity (1892); Is this a Good World (1893); 
sus and Modern Life (1893); A Man (1895) ; 
ion for To-Day (1897); Our Unitarian Gospel 
3); Hymns (1898) ; Psychics, Facts and Theo- 
s (1899); Life Beyond Death (1900), and The 
sing and the Permanent in Religion (1902). 

SAVAGE, Richard Henry, author, was born 
in Utica, N.Y., June 12, 1846; son of Richard 
nd Jane Moorhead eens t) Savage ; grandson of 
ard and Elizabeth Savage and of Robert and 
(Nevin) Ewart, and a descendant of the 
ges of Worcester, England, the Nugents of 
aferry, Ireland, and the Ewarts of Stirling, 
otland. His paternal grandfather, a civil 
ngineer, came from Great Britain about 1805. 
fe was graduated from the U.S. Military academy 
1868, and was promoted 2d lieutenant, corps 
engi neers, serving till 1871, when he joined 
Egyptian army with the rank of major. He 


SAWTELLE 


went to Marseilles, France, as U.S. vice-consul, 
and to Rome, Italy, as U.S. vice-consul in 1872. 
He was married, Jan, 2, 1873, to Anna Josephine 
Scheible, daughter of C: ash Scheible and Hortense 
Josephine (von Rapédius) von Ruthishausen of 
Berlin, Germany. He was joint commissioner 
on the Texan-Mexican frontier commission, 
1873-74, and was employed as chief engineer of 
the Corpus Christi and Rio Grande R.R. company 
in Texas, 1874-75. He was admitted to the bar 
of the U.S. supreme court in 1890. He was 
appointed senior major of 2d U.S. volunteer 
engineers in May, 1898, and served throughout 
the Spanish-American war, and in November, 
1898, personally hoisted the first American flag 
in Havana. He was senior captain with the rank 
of major of the 27th U.S. volunteer infantry, 
July 5-Dec. 1, 1899, and was appointed brigadier- 
general and chief engineer of Spanish war 
veterans, Oct. 10, 1900. He was elected com- 
mander-in-chief of the National Spanish-American 
War Veterans, Oct. 11, 1902. His many publish- 
ed books include : My Official Wife (1891); Delilah 
of Harlem (1892); The Little Lady of Lagunitas 
(1893); For Life and Love (1893); The Masked 
Venus (1893) ; The Flying Halcyon (1894); In the 
Old Chateau (1895) ; A Daughter of Judas (1895); 
After Many Years, poems (1895) ; Miss Devereux 
(1895); The Anarchist (1896); In the Shadow of 
the Pyramids (1896); In the Swim (1896); The 
Hacienda on the Hill (1900); The Shield of His 
Honor (1900); The Midnight Passenger (1900) ; 
Brought to Bay (1900), and other novels, stories, 
lectures and essays. 

SAWTELLE, Charles Greene, soldier, was 
born in Norridgewock, Maine, May 10, 18384; son 
of Cullen and Elizabeth (Lyman) Sawtelle ; 
grandson of Richard and Sarah (Ware) Sawtelle 
and of Josiah Dwight and Betsey (Whiting) Ly- 
man, and a descendant of Richard Sawtell (be- 
lieved to have first settled at Groton, Mass.), who 
died at Watertown, Mass., Aug. 21, 1694. He 
was graduated from the U.S. Military academy 
in 1854; was assigned to the infantry and served 
on frontier duty at Fort Ripley, Minn., 1854-55, 
and on the Sioux expedition of 1855, He was 
promoted 2d lieutenant, 6th infantry, March 3, 
1855, 1st lieutenant, July 1, 1859; served as quar- 
termaster, 1857-61 ; was stationed in California, 
1858-61, and appointed acting regiment adjutant, 
April 29, 1861. He was in charge of the quarter- 
master depot at Perryville, Md., 1861-62; was 
promoted captain of staff and assistant quarter- 
master, May 17, 1861, and served in the Virginia 
Peninsular campaign in 1862, and as acting chief 
quartermaster of the Army of the Potomac in 
the Maryland campaign. He was promoted lieu- 
tenant-colonel of staff, Nov. 12, 1862, was chief 
quartermaster of the 2d corps, in the Rappahan- 


[619] 


SAWYER . 

nock campaign, 1862-63; chief quartermaster of 
the right grand division in the battle of Fred- 
ericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862; chief quartermaster of 
cavalry corps, Army of the Potomac, Jan. 24- 
June 13, 1863; assistant chief quartermaster of 
the Army of the Potomac, June 21-Aug. 6, 1863 ; 
chief quartermaster of the cavalry bureau at 
Washington, D.C., 1863-64 ; chief-quartermaster 
of the forces on the Rio Grande river, Feb.—April, 
1864, having charge of the transports and sup- 
plies for the relief of General Banks’ army on its 
return from Red River. He was in charge of the 
steam transportation in the department of the 
Gulf, May 19-June 6, 1864; and was chief quar- 
termaster of the military division of West Missis- 
sippi, 1864-65. He was brevetted major, lieu- 
tenant-colonel and colonel U.S.A., March 13, 
1865, for faithful and meritorious services during 
the rebellion; was brevetted brigadier-general, 
U.S.A., March 13, 1865, for faithful and merito- 
rious services in the quartermaster’s department 
during the rebellion. He was promoted colonel 
of staff, U.S.V., May 25, 1865, was chief quarter- 
master of the military division of the Southwest, 
June 3-July 17, 1865; was appointed chief-quar- 
termaster of the military division of the Gulf in 
1865 and of the department of the Gulf in 1866. 
He was promoted major, Jan. 18, 1867; lieuten- 
ant-colonel and deputy quartermaster-general, 
Jan. 24, 1881 ; colonel and assistant quartermaster- 
general, Sept. 12, 1894; brigadier-general and 
quartermaster-general, Aug. 19, 1896, and was 
retired at his own request, Feb. 16,1897. He was 
married, March 30, 1869, to Alice Chester, daugh- 
ter of Edmund S, and Sarah (Clark) Munroe of 
Englewood, N.J. 

SAWYER, Caroline Mehitabel (Fisher), 
author, was born in Newton, Mass., Dec. 10, 1812; 
daughter of Jesse and Anna (Kenrick) Fisher ; 
granddaughter of John Kenrick, and a descen- 
dant of the Rev. Thomas Foxcroft of Boston 
—her maternal great-grand-mother, Mehitable 
(Foxcroft) Miriam, wife of Rev. John Miriam of 
Newton, being his daughter. She was educated 
at home by her uncle, Enoch Kenrick, and was 
married, Sept. 21, 1831, to Dr. Thomas Jefferson 
Sawyer (q.v.). They had seven children. She 
edited the Ladies’ Repository, 1861-64, and is the 
author of : The Juvenile Library (4 vols., 1845); 
The Poetry of Hebrew Tradition (1847); edited 
the ‘‘Poems” of Mrs. Julia H. Scott, with a 
memoir (1854); translated Van Horn’s ‘‘ Friedel” 
from the German (1856); and conducted The 
Rose of Sharon, an annual publication (1850-58). 
She died at College Hill, Mass., May 19, 1894. 

SAWYER, Charles Henry, governor of New 
Hampshire, was bornin Watertown, N.Y., March 
30, 1840; son of Jonathan and Martha (Perkins) 
Sawyer; grandson of Phinehas and Hannah 


[620] 


SAWYER 























(Whitney) Sawyer and of Cyrus and Martha 
(Childs) Perkins, and a descendant of Thomas 
and Mary (Prescott) Sawyer, who were among 
the first settlers of Lancaster, Mass., 1647. In 
1850 his parents moved to 
Dover, N.H., where he at- 
tended the public schools and 
Franklin academy. He was 
married, Feb. 8, 1860, to Susan 
Ellen, daughter of Dr. James 
W. and Elizabeth (Hodgdon) 
Cowan of Dover. He was su- 
perintendent of the Sawyer Woolen mills, 1865-81, 
and president of that company, 1881-98. He was 
representative in the New Hampshire legislature, 
1869-70 and 1876-77; a delegate to the Republi- 
can national convention of 1884, and governor of 
New Hampshire, 1887-89. He was commissioner 
from New Hampshire to the Paris exposition, 
1889, and officially connected with railways, banks — 
and other institutions, retiring from business in 
1898. He was a trustee of Dartmouth college, 
1887-89, and received from there the honorary 
degree of A.M. in 1887, and that of M.S. from 
the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and 
Mechanic Arts. 

SAWYER, Frederick Adolphus, senator, was 
born in Bolton, Mass., Dec. 12, 1822; son=or 
Joseph and Abigail (Bender) Sawyer, and grand- 
son of Peter Bender, a native of Germany. He 
earned his college tuition and expenses by teach- 
ing school, and was graduated at Harvard in 
1844. He taught in Gardiner, Maine, 1844-47; 
Wiscasset, Maine, 1847-51; Lowell, Mass., 1852; 
Nashua, N.H., 1852; Wakefield, Mass., 1853-55, 
and Boston, Mass., 1855-59. He was married in 
1854 to Delia E., daughter of Ira and Mary (White) | 
Gay of Nashua. He was principal of the state 
normal school at Charleston, §.C., 1859-63 ; was. 
active in promoting reconstruction measures, and — 
was collector of internal revenue for the 2d dis- 
trict of South Carolina, 1865-68. He was elected 
a delegate to the state constitutional convention 
in 1867, but was unable to be present, and was 
elected one of the first U.S. senators from South 
Carolina under the reconstruction laws of the 
state, serving from July 22, 1868, to March 3, — 
1873. From March, 1873, to June, 1874, he was — 
assistant secretary of the U.S. treasury, and with 
other officials was charged with procuring the 
payment of a fraudulent cotton claim, of which — 
he was acquitted on a second trial; was con- 
nected with the coast survey, 1874-80; was a_ 
special agent of the war department, 1880-87, and — 
conducted a preparatory school in Ithaca, N.Y., 
for several years. He died in Sewanee, Tenn., 
July 31, 1891. 

SAWYER, Horace Bucklin, naval officer, was 
born in Burlington, Vt., Feb. 22, 1797; son of 





J SAWYER 
Col. James Sawyer, and grandson of Colonel 
Ephraim Sawyer, who removed from Lancaster, 
Mass., to Grand Isle county, Vt., in i786. He 
was appointed midshipman in the U.S. navy, 
June 4, 1812, and served on Lake Champlain under 
Lieut. Sidney Smith in 1812, where he was taken 
prisoner and held as a hostage at Halifax, N.S. 
He served on the Constitution under Commodore 
Stewart in 1815, and fought in the battle result- 
ing in the capture of the Cyane and Levant. 
He shipped before the mast ona merchant ship 
for India, 1816-17: was promoted lieutenant in the 
U.S. navy, April 1, 1818; served on board the 
_-~ Dolphin onacruise to South America, 1818-21 ; 
on the Spark in the West Indies, and on the 
_ Warren in the Mediterranean. During the 
Canadian rebellion he commanded the northern 
frontier of Vermont. He was promoted com- 
mander in December, 1839; captain, April 12, 
1853, and was retired, Sept. 13, 1855, and in 1856 
was presented with a sword by the legislature of 
Vermont, for his services in the war of 1812-15. 
He removed to Plattsburgh, N.Y. He was mar- 
ried, first, to Miss Shaler of Middletown, Conn., 
and secondly, to Miss Wadsworth of Burlington, 
Vt. He died in Washington, D.C., Feb. 14, 1860. 
SAWYER, Leicester Ambrose, educator, was 
born in Pinckney, N.Y., July 28, 1807; son of 
Jotham and Lucy (Harper) Sawyer; grandson 
_ of Thomas and Susannah (Wilder) Sawyer ; great- 
grandson of Elisha and Mary (Hart) Sawyer, and 
a descendant of Thomas Sawyer, who came from 
_ Kent, England, in 1636, and married Mary Pres- 
-cott. He was graduated from Hamilton college, 
_N.Y., in 1828; attended Princeton Theological 
seminary, 1828-29, and was ordained to the 
Presbyterian ministry at Watertown, N.Y., Feb. 
23, 1832. He supplied pulpits at Adams, Smith- 
_villeand North Adams, N.Y., 1831-32 ; was pastor 
at Martinsburg, N.Y., 1832-35; New Haven, Conn., 
1835-40, and Columbus, Ohio, 1840-47, being 
president of Central college, Ohio, 1842-47, He 
was pastor at Sackett’s Harbor, N.Y., 1850-54; of 
the Congregational church at Westmoreland, 
f 8 4-59, and of the Unitarian church at South 
Hingham, Mass., 1859-60. In1860 he settled in 
Whitesboro, N.Y., where he engaged in literary 
work, and was connected with the Utica Morning 
Herald. He made a translation of the New 
stament (1858), and is the author of : Elements 
’ Biblical Interpretation (1836); Mental Philoso- 
phy (1839); Moral Philosophy (1845) ; Critical 
Exposition of Baptism (1845) ; Organic Christi- 
anity (1854) ; Reconstruction of Biblical Theories 
(1862); and The American Bible (1860-1888), 
He died in Whitesboro, N.Y., Dec. 29, 1898. 
s AWYER, Lemuel, representative, was born 
in Camden county, N.C., in 1777; son of Lemuel 
Sawyer. He prepared for college at Flatbush 


> 





























? 


SAWYER 
2 . 

academy, Long Island, N. Y., matriculated at the 
University of North Carolina, class of 1799; 
studied mathematics at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, and on returning to North Carolina served 
inthe house of commons, 1800-01. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1804; was a presidential elec- 
tor on the Democratic ticket in 1805, and a 
representative from North Carolina in the 10th, 
Lith, 12th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 19th and 20th con- 
gresses, serving 1807-13, 1817-23 and 1825-29. He 
resided for several years in Elizabeth City, N.C., 
and was a department clerk in Washington, D.C., 
1890-52. He is the author of: Life of John Ran- 
dolph (1844) ; Autobiography (1844); and he wrote 
several dramas, which were not successful as they 
were considered at the time immoral. He died 
in Washington, D.C., Jan. 9, 1852. 

SAWYER, Lorenzo, jurist, was born in Le- 
roy, N.Y., May 28, 1820. He removed to Penn- 
sylvania and later to Ohio, and attended Western 
Reserve university. He practised law in Illinois 
and Wisconsin, and in 1850 went to California 
where he engaged in mining. He was elected city 
attorney of San Francisco in 1854; was judge of 
the district court of California, 1862-63 ; justice 
of the supreme court, 1863-68, and chief-justice, 
1868--69. He was U.S. circuit judge for the 9th 
circuit that embraced the whole of the Pacific 
States, 1869-91. He received the honorary degree 
of LL.D. from Hamilton college in 1877, and 
was president of the board of trustees of Leland 
Stanford Junior university, 1887-91. He died in 
Washington, D.C., Jan. 9, 1891. 

SAWYER, Philetus, senator, was born in 
Whiting, Rutland county, Vt., Sept. 22,1816. His 


father, a farmer and blacksmith, removed in 
1817 to Crown Point, N.Y., where Philetus at- 
He obtained em- 


tended the district schools. 
ployment in a saw- 
mill, which he subse- 
quently operated, and 
was married in 1841, 
to Melvina M. Had- 
ley. who died in 1888. 
He removed with his 
family to Fond du 
Lac county, Wis., in 
1847; engaged in 
farming, and then 
entered the lumber 
business at Algoma 
and at Fond du 


Lac, accumulating ~“j-% ae 

an estate valued at Vile LiMylr 
$3,000,000. He was 

repeatedly elected to the city council; was a 
representative in the state legislature, 1857-63 > 
mayor of Oshkosh, 1863-64, and a Republican 
representative from the fifth district of Wiscon- 





[621] 


SAWYER 


sin in the 39th-43d congresses, 1865-75. He was 
elected U.S. senator, Jan. 26, 1881; was re- 
elected, Jan. 26, 1887, and was defeated for re- 
election in 1893 by John R. Mitchell, Democrat. 
He served in the senate as chairman of the com- 
mittee on post offices and post roads. He wasa 
delegate to the Republican national conventions 
of 1864, 1876 and 1880. He contributed to many 
religious and benevolent institutions ; gave 
$12,000 toward a building for the Young Men’s 
Christian association of Oshkosh, and bequeathed 
$10,000 to the Ladies Benevolent society of that 
place. He died in Oshkosh, Wis., March 29, 1900. 

SAWYER, Sylvanus, inventor, was born in 
Templeton, Mass., April 15, 1822. While a boy 
at work on his father’s farm he invented a 
practical reed organ. In 1839 he engaged in the 
gunsmith business with his brother-in-law in 
Augusta, Maine, and invented a steam-engine, a 
screw propeller and a foot-power car. In 1848 
he removed to Boston and invented a machine 
for making chair-cane from rattan ; and in 1851 
he established a manufactory at East Temple- 
ton. He was a director and manager of the 
American Rattan Co., formed in December, 1851. 
In 1853 he invented improvements in rifled can- 
non projectiles, arranging the percussion-cap so 
as to cause the explosion of the shell on impact. 
He made experiments with this invention in 
1857-58, and it was approved by the U.S. ord- 
nance bureau. During the civil war his guns 
were placed at Newport News and at Fort-Wood, 
and at the latter place they created havoc with 
the iron-clad batteries at Sewell’s Point, a dis- 
tance of three and one half miles. After the 
war, he furnished the first batteries of cast-steel 
rifled guns made in America. His other inven- 
tions include: patent dividers and calipers in 
1867; a steam generator in 1868; a sole sewing 
machine, 1876, and a centering watchmaker’s 
lathe in 1882. He died in Templeton, Mass., 
Oct. 25, 1895. 

SAWYER, Thomas Jefferson, educator, was 
born in Reading, Vt., Jan. 9, 1804; son of Ben- 
jamin and Sally (York) Sawyer; grandson of 
Joseph and Hannah (Hutchens) Sawyer; anda 
descendant of John Sawyer of Lincolnshire, 
England, whose son Thomas came to New Eng- 
land in 1639, was probably a resident of Rowley, 
Mass., in 1643, and was afterwards one of the 
first settlers of Lancaster, Mass. Thomas J. Saw- 
yer was graduated at Middlebury college, A.B., 
1829, A.M., 1833 ; studied theology, and was pastor 
of a Universalist church in New York city, 1830- 
45 and 1852-61. He was married, Sept. 21, 1831, 
to Caroline Mehitable Fisher (q.v.), of Newton, 
Mass. He was principal of Clinton Liberal 
institute, 1845-52, and lived ona farm in Clinton, 
N.Y., 1861-63. He was greatly interested in 


[622] 


SAXE 


training men for the Universalist ministry, and 
in 1847, with the Rev. Hosea Ballou, 2d, and the 
Rev. Thomas Whittemore, began the movement 
which resulted in the founding of Tufts college, 
chartered in 1852. He was also instrumental in 
establishing the theological school of St. Law- 
rence university, Canton, N.Y., in 1856, and be- 
tween the years 1861 and 1863 declined the pre- 
sidency of St. Lawrence university, of Lom- 
bard university and of Tufts college. He edited 


the Christian Ambassador in New York city, . 


1863-66, and lived on a farm in New Jersey, 
1866-69. In 1869 he accepted the Packard chair 


of systematic theology at Tufts, which position 


he held until 1892, when he was made professor 
emeritus. He was also the first dean of the 
faculty, 1882-92. He was secretary and librarian 
of the Universalist Historical society, 1834-99, 
and was a valiant champion of the Universalist 
faith, in magazinearticles and indebate. He re- 
ceived from Harvard the honorary degree of 
S.T.D. in 1850 and from Tufts that of LL.D. in 
1896. Heis the author of : Letters to Rev. Ste- 
phen Remington in Review of his ** Lectures on 
Universalism ” (1839) ; Review of Rev. E. F. Hat- 
field’s ‘* Universalism as it Is” (1843) ; Endless 
Punishment (1845); Memoirs of Rev. Stephen R. — 
Smith (1852); Discussions with Rev. Isaac West- 
cott on the Doctrine of Endless Misery (1853) ; 
The Doctrine of Universal Salvation (1854) ; 
Who is our God, the Son of the Father ? (1859), 
and Endless Punishment inthe Very Words of Its 
Advocates (1880). He died in Somerville, Mass., 
July 24, 1899. 

SAXE, John Godfrey, poet, was born in High- 
gate, Vt., June 2, 1816. He was brought up ona 
farm; attended St. Albans.(Vt.) grammar school 
and Wesleyan university, 1835-36, and was grad- 
uated from Middlebury college, A.B., 1839, A.M., 
1842. He studied law at Lockport, N.Y., and St. 
Albans, Vt.; was admitted to the bar in St. Albans 
in September, 1843, and practised in Franklin 
county, 1843-50, being also superintendent of the _ 
county schools, 1843-45. He became the pro- 
prietor of the Burlington, Vermont, Sentinel in — 
1850, which he edited until 1856; was state’s at- 
torney for Chittenden county, 1850-51 ; attorney- 
general of Vermont, 1856-59 ; deputy-collector of — 
customs, and the unsuccessful Democratic nomi- 
nee for governor of the state in 1859 and in 1860. — 
He removed to New York in 1860, and engaged | 
in literary work and lecturing until 1872, when — 
he removed to Albany and became editor of the 
Evening Journal. The honorary degree of LL.D. | 
was conferred on him by Middlebury college in — 
1860. He is the author of many poems which 
he contributed to the Knickerbocker Magazine ;— 
Harper's Magazine and the Atlantie Monthly. 
They include: Rhyme of the Rail ; The Briefless’ 





SAXTON 
















































Barrister ; The Proud Miss McBride ; Jerry the 
Miller; I'm Growing Old; The Old Church Bell, 
and Treasures in Heaven. Among his published 
‘works are: Progress, A Satirical Poem (1846) ; 
Humorous and Satirical Poems (1850); The 
Money King and other Poems (1859); Complete 
Poems (1861); The Flying Dutchman (1862); Clever 
Stories of Many Nations, Rendered in Rhyme 
(1865); The Times, The Telegraph, and other 
Poems (1865); The Masquerade and other Poems 
(1866); Fables and Legends of Many Countries 
(1872), and Leisure-Day Rhymes (1875). He died 
at the home of hisson, Charles G. Saxe, in Albany, 
N.Y. March 31, 1887. 

SAXTON, Joseph, inventor, was born in Hunt- 
ingdon, Pa., March 22, 1799; son of James and 
Hannah (Ashbaugh) Saxton. He worked in his 
father’s nail factory, learned the trade of watch- 

- making, made a printing press on which he 
printed a small newspaper, removed to Phil- 
adelphia in 1817, where he carried on the busi- 
ness of watch-making, and invented a machine 
for facilitating the making of the wheels 
for the works. With Isaiah Lukens he con- 
structed an ingenious clock which gave the 
movements of the planets, and he also made the 
town clock placed in the belfry of Independence 
Hall, Philadelphia. About 1828 he went to Lon- 
don, where he became associated with the Ade- 
laide Gallery of Practical Science, for which he 

constructed several mechanical toys. He there 
met Telford, Brunel, Whitwell,, Hawkins and 
Faraday, through whose influence he was ad- 
mitted to the meetings of the Royal institution. 
In June, 1833, he demonstrated before the British 
Association for the Advancement of Science, the 
workings of his magneto-electric machine, cap- 
able of decomposing water and of producing 
brilliant electrical sparks and steady light by 
bringing charcoal points near together. He also 
invented a pulley for measuring the velocity of 


the magnetism of the earth ; another for measur- 
_ ing the velocity of electricity, and several useful 
articles. He also perfected the medal-ruling 
machine, invented by Gobercht of the U.S. mint, 
and was awarded the Scott legacy medal of the 
Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, in 1834, for 
his reflecting pyrometer. He declined the office 
of director of the printing machinery of the 
‘Bank of England, and on his return to the United 
‘States in 1837, he became curator of the 
sta ndard weighing apparatus of the U.S. 
mint in Philadelphia, and superintended the 


asures for the branch mints and assay offices of 
»government. He alsoinvented an automatic 
chine for measuring the height of the tides; 


SAXTON 


one for determining the temperature of the deep 
sea ; an immersed hydrometer ; and applied his 
reflecting pyrometer to the construction of 
measuring rods. He was awarded a gold medal 
at the Crystal Palace fair, London, in 1851, 
for a nearly precise balance. He was a mem- 
ber of the Franklin Institute, and of the Ameri- 
can Philosophical society, 1837-78, and a charter 
member of the National Academy of Sciences, 
1863, which society preserved his memoirs, 
written by Joseph Henry, 1877. He was married 
in 1850 to Mary H. Abercrombie of Philadelphia, 
>a. He died in Washington, D.C., Oct. 26. 1873. 

SAXTON, Rufus, soldier, was born at Green- 
field, Mass., Oct. 19, 1824; son of Jonathan 
Ashley and Miranda (Wright) Saxton; grandson 
of Rufus and Tirzah (Ashley) Saxton and of 
Ashel and Merey (White) Wright, and a great- 
grandson of David and Rebecca (Barnard) Sax- 
ton and of the Rev. Jonathan Ashley and Capt. 
Salmon White of the Continental army of the 
Revolution. He entered the U.S. Military acade- 
my in 1845 and in 1849 was brevetted 2d lieuten- 
ant, 3d artillery. He served in the Seminole 
war and on Sept. 12, 1850, was commissioned 2d 
lieutenant, 4th artillery. He did frontier duty 
until 1858, when he was detailed to explore and 
survey a route for the Northern Pacifie railroad, 
through the unknown Northwest, from the Mis- 
sissippi river to the Pacific ocean. He was pro- 
moted Ist lieutenant, March 2, 1855, served on the 
coast survey, 1855-59, and was assistant instrue- 
tor of artillery tactics, U.S. Military academy, 
1859-60. In February, 1861, he went to the St. 
Louis arsenal, took part in its defense, was pro- 
moted captain, May 13, 1861, appointed quarter- 
magter on General Lyon’s staff, and under him 
commanded the regulars at the capture of Camp 
Jackson. Before the battle of Wilson’s Creek, he 
was transferred to McClellan’s staff in Virginia, 
and after McClellan tookthe Army of the Potomac, 
Captain Saxton was made chief-quartermaster of 
Thomas W. Sherman’s expeditionary corps, which 
captured Port Royal, S.C., Captain Saxton re- 
mained at Port Royal as chief quartermaster of 
the department of the South, and on April 15, 
1862, was commissioned brigadier-general of vol- 
unteers and given command of Harper's Ferry, 
being there at the time Jackson made his attack 
upon it, to gain time to remove his captured prop- 
erty from Winchester to Staunton. General 
Saxton received a medal of honor for his distin- 
guished gallantry and good conduct in the de- 
fense of Harper's Ferry. May 26-30, 1862. When 
General Sigel took command of the forces at 
Harper’s Ferry, General Saxton was transferred 
to Washington and in July, 1862, was appointed 
military governor of the department of the South. 
He enlisted several regiments of colored troops, 


[623] 


SAY 


including Col. T.W. Higginson’s regiment, the 
first colored regiment ever regularly enlisted in 
the U.S. service. General Saxton was made com- 
mander of the Beaufort district, February, 1863, 
and under protest superintended the colonization 
of the freedmen on deserted estates. He was 
married March 11, 1863, to Matilda Gordon, daugh- 
ter of Lewis and Rosanna Thompson of Philadel- 
phia. In January, 1865, he was relieved of his 
other duties and made assistant commissioner of 
the refugees, freedmen and abandoned lands for 
the states of South Carolina, Georgiaand Florida. 
He was brevetted major-general of volunteers, 
Jan. 12, 1865; and brevetted major, lieutenant- 
colonel and colonel, U.S.A., March 13, 1865, and 
brigadier-general, U.S.A., April 9, 1865. He was 
mustered out of the volunteer service, Jan. 15, 
1866, and returned to the quartermaster’s depart- 
ment U.S.A. He was promoted major July 29, 
1866, and was chief quartermaster on the frontier, 
1866-67, of the 8d military district and depart- 
ment of the South, 1867-69 ; of the department of 
the Columbia, 1869-73, and was promoted leu- 
tenant-colonel and department quartermaster- 
general June 6, 1872. He served in the depart- 
ment of the Lakes, 1873-75, department of Mis- 
souri, 1875-79, military division of the Pacific, 
1879-83; was promoted colonel and assistant 
quartermaster-general, March 10, 1882, and was 
in command of Jeffersonville department of the 
quartermaster’s department, 1883-88. He was re- 
tired by age limit, Oct. 19, 1888. 

SAY, Benjamin, representative, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., in 1756; son of Thomas Say 
(1709-1796), and grandson of William Say, an early 
Quaker settler in Philadelphia. His father was 
a prominent merchant of Philadelphia ; treasurer 
of the society for the instruction of blacks; a 
founder of the Pennsylvania hospital, and of the 
house of employment. Benjamin attended the 
Quaker schools, studied medicine in the Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania, and became a well-known 
physician. He sympathized with the colonies 
during the Revolution, and was a member of 
the fighting Quakers. He was a representative 
in the 10th and 11th congresses, 1808-11, sueceed- 
ing Joseph Clay, resigned. He was a founder of 
the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and 
its treasurer, 1791-1809; founder of the Penn- 
sylvania Prison society, and president of the 
Philadelphia Humane society. He is the author 
of : Spasmodic Affections of the Eye (1792), and 
A Short Compilation of the Extraordinary Life 
and Writings of Thomas Say Copied from his 
Manuscripts (1796). He died in Philadelphia, 
Pa.. April 23, 1813. 

SAY, Thomas, naturalist, was born in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., July 27, 1787: son of Dr. Benjamin 
Say (q.v.). Heengaged unsuccessfully in the drug 


SAYLES 


business, and devoted himself entirely to the 
study of natural history. He founded the 


Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia in — 


1812; took part in the scientific exploration of 
the islands and coasts of Georgia, and in 1819 
joined Maj. Stephen Long in his famous expedi- 
tion to the Rocky Mountains, as chief geologist. 
In 1820 he went on another expedition under 
Long to explore the sources of the Mississippi 
river, making the whole botanical collection. 
He joined the socialistic community of Robert 
Owen at New Harmony, Ind., in 1825, and after 
the failure of the community remained there as 
keeper and agent. He contributed largely tothe 
Transactions of 
society, and the American Journal of Science ; 
and is the author of: American Entomology (3 
vols., 1824-28); American Conechology, which he 
left unfinished, but which was completed and 
edited by William G. Binney in 1858. He died — 
in New Harmony, Ind., Oct. 10, 1834. 

SAYERS, Joseph Draper, governor of Texas, 
was born at Grenada, Miss., Sept. 23, 1841; son 
of Dr. David and Mary Thomas (Peete) Sayers, 
and a descendant of John Sayers, a major in the 
Continental army in the Carolina campaign. He 
removed with his father to 
Bastrop, Texas, in 1851, and 
attended Bastrop Military 
institute ; and in 1861 joined 
the Confederate army, serv- 
ing 1861-65, and reaching 
the rank of major. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1866 ; 
wasa Democratic senator in the Texas legislature 
in 1873; chairman of the Democratic state execu- 
tive committee, 1875-78, and lieutenant-governor 
of Texas, 1879-80. He was married in 1879 to 
Orline, daughter of Williams and Maria Walton of 
Bastrop, Tex. He was a Democratic representa- 
tive from the ninth and tenth districts of Texas 
respectively, in the 49th-55th congresses, serving 
from 1885 to 1898, when he resigned his seat to 
become Democratic candidate for governor, and 
he was elected, and re-elected in 1900, serving, 
1899-1903. 

SAYLES, John, jurist, was born in Vernon, 
N.Y., March 9, 1825; a descendant of John 
Sayles, who emigrated from England in the ship 





Lion, with Roger Williams, in 1631, and settled 


on Providence Plantations, R.I., in 1645, where he 
married Mary, daughter of Roger Williams. John 
Sayles the younger attended the public schools 
of Oneida county ; graduated at Hamilton col- 
lege, LL.B. in 1845, and removed to Georgia, 
teaching school there and in Texas. He was ad- 
mitted to the Texas bar in 1846; practised at 


Brenham; was a representative in the Texas — 


legislature, 1853-55; and was appointed special 


[624] 


the American Philosophical — 








SAYRE 






















































judge of the supreme court of Texas in 1851 ; 

brigadier-general in the Texas militia during the 

civil war, and was on the staff of Gen. John B. 
_ Magruder. He was professor of law at Baylor 

university, Waco, Texas, 1880-99, and is the 

author of: A Treatise on the Practice in the 

District and Supreme Courts of Texas (1858); 

Treatise on the Civil Jurisdiction of Justices of 

the Peace in the State of Texas (1867); Treatise 

on the Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions in 
the Courts of Texas (1872); Laws of Business and 

Form-Books (3872); Constitution of Texas with 

Notes (1872); Notes on Texan Reports (1874): The 
’ Masonic Jurisprudence of Texas, with Forms for 
the Use of Lodges and the Grand Lodge (1879); 
and Revised Civil Statutes and Laws, passed by 
the Legislature of Texas, with Notes (1888). He 
died at Abilene, Tex., May 22, 1897. 

: SAYRE, Lewis Albert, surgeon, was born at 
Bottle Hill, Madison, N.J., Feb. 29, 1820; son of 
Archibald and Martha (Sayer) Sayre ; grandson 

_. of Deacon Ephraim Sayre (born in 1746 in Madison, 

N.J., a soldier in the patriot army during the 

American Revolution) and Hannah (Meeker) 

Sayre, andof Jonathan and Mary (Morrell) Sayer, 

and a descendant of Thomas Sayre, who was 
_ born in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England, 

in 1597, settled at Lynn, Mass., before 1638 and 
removed thence to Southampton, Long Island, in 

1648, where he built a house, which was still 
_ standing in 1903. He prepared for college at 

Wantage seminary, Deckerton, N.J.; resided 

with his uncle, David Sayre, in Lexington, Ky., 

1830-38, and was graduated from Transylvania 
university, 1888. He returned to New Jersey and 

was graduated from the New York College of 
_ Physicians and Surgeons in 1842. He was pro- 
sector to Dr. Willard Parker (q.v.) in the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, 1842-52, and made 
prosector emeritus, 1852. He was surgeon of the 
Bellevue hospital, 1853-73 ; also surgeon in Charity 
hospital, Blackwell's Island, 1859-73. In 1873 he 
became consulting surgeon of both institutions. 
In 1861 he urged the establishment of a medical 
college at Bellevue hospital, and was a member of 
_ its faculty until it was consolidated with the New 
~ York university in 1898, when he was made emer- 
itus professor. He was resident physician of the 
city of New York, 1860-66, at which time he ad- 
_ yocated compulsary vaccination, the proper con- 
struction of tenement houses and efficient sewer- 
age of the city. He was a founder of the New 

York Academy of Medicine and of the New York 
Pathological society. In 1876 he was appointed by 
the American Medical association, of which he was 


- medical congress in Philadelphia. In 1877 he went 
as a delegate to the British Medical association, 


SAYRE 


where he gave many demonstrations of his original 
methods of treating hip and spinal diseases. He 
attended the International Medical congresses at 
Amsterdam in 1879, at London in 1881, at Copen- 
hagen, 1884, andat Washington, 1887, and ateach 
of these he read papers and gave demonstrations 
of methods of treating spinal and hip diseases. 
He invented many surgical appliances to aid him 
in his specialty, and was the first to use plaster of 
Paris in spinal diseases. Charles XIV, king of 
Sweden and Norway, made him a knight of the 
order of Wasa. He was married, Jan. 25, 1849, 
to Eliza A. Hall, daughter of Charles Henry and 
Sarah (Mullett) Hall of New York city. She 
died in 1894. His eldest son, Dr. Charles H. H. 
Sayre, was killed bya fall; a second son, Dr. 
Lewis H. Sayre, died of heart disease in 1890, and 
a third son, Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, was profes- 
sionally associated with his father, and succeeded 
him as professor of orthopedic surgery in the Uni- 
versity and Bellevue Hospital Medical college. 
His daughter, Mary Hall Sayre, assisted him in 
his literary labors. He is the author of: On 
Mechanical Treatment of Chronic Inflammation 
of the Joints of the Lower Extremities (1865); 
Practical Manual for the Treatment of Clubfoot 
(1869); Lectures on Orthopedic Surgery and Dis- 
ease of the Joints (1876); Spinal Curvature and 
its Treatment (1877); Spinal Disease and Spinal 
Curvature (1878), and Lectures on Orthopedic 
Surgery and Diseases of the Joints (1883). His 
works on orthopedic surgery and spinal diseases 
have been translated into French, German and 
Italian. He died in New York, Sept. 21, 1900. 

SAYRE, Pheebe Ann. See Osborne, Phoebe 
Ann Sayre. 

SAYRE, Stephen, patriot, was born at South- 
ampton, Long Island, N.Y., June 12, 1736; son 
of John (born 1692, died 1767) and Hannah 
(Howell) Sayre; grandson of John and Sarah 
Sayre; great-grandson of Francis and Sarah 
(Wheeler) Sayre, and great *-grandson of Thomas 
Sayre, who came from Bedfordshire, England, 
to Lynn, Mass., in 16388. Thomas and his son, 
Job, were two of the original undertakers who 
founded Southampton, L.I., in 1640, Lynn being 
overcrowded. Stephen Sayre entered the College 
of New Jersey at Newark in 1753, and was 
graduated in its first class after its removal from 
Newark to Princeton, A.B., 1757, A.M., 1760. 
In 1759 he was captain of a Suffolk county, N.Y., 
company, raised for the French and Indian war, 
but saw He went with his class- 
mate, Joseph Reed, to London in 1764-65, and 
entered the mercantile house of Dennis De 
Berdt, the Massachusetts agent, and in 1766 be- 
came partner. In June, 1766, he returned to 
America to collect bills from the debtors in the 
colonies, hoping to tide over a financial crisis, 


no service. 


[625] 


SAYRE 


but in 1770, on the death of De Berdt, the firm 
failed. Sayre established himself as a banker in 
London, becoming one of the sheriffs of the city, 
1773-74, William Lee, brother of Arthur Lee 
(q.v.), being the other. He was proposed as 
agent for Massachusetts, but when Franklin 
agreed to serve, withdrew in his favor. In his 
official capacity he carried the pro-American 
petitions in behalf of the city to Parliament and 
the King. His career as sheriff was marked by 
greater decorum in the execution of criminals and 
humanity in the treatment .of prisoners. He 
was a candidate for Parliament from Seaford 
Sussex in 1774, but his election was successfully 
contested by his opponent. On Feb. 18, 1775, he 
married an heiress, Elizabeth, daughter of the 
Hon. William Noel. His social prominence and 
known political beliefs made him a marked man, 
and on Oct. 20, 1775, he was arrested, as an ex- 
ample to the opposition, on a charge of high 
treason made by Francis Richardson, colonel of 
the royal guards and a renegade American, but 
the case was dismissed for lack of prosecution, 
and he sued the secretary of state for false im- 
prisonment and won. Meanwhile his banking 
business had been ruined, and in November, 
1776, a commission of bankruptcy was issued 
against him. Inthe spring of 1777 he left Eng- 
land for Paris, to offer his services to the Ameri- 
can commissioners there. In May, 1777, he ac- 
companied Arthur Lee to Berlin as his secretary, 
and was with Lee when Hugh Elliott, the Brit- 
ish minister, rifled his desk in search of secret 
documents. When Lee left Berlin, disappointed 
from his want of success, he left Sayre in charge 
of the office, and in December, Sayre went to 
Copenhagen to advance American interests and 
thence to Stockholm, returning to Paris by 
way of Amsterdam. In October, 1779, Sayre ap- 
plied to Franklin for command of the Alliance 
after Landais’s fiasco. In 1780 he went to St. 
Petersburg as agent from the United States to 
further the project of armed neutrality. Build- 
ing ships there, he was hindered by Sir James 
Harris, the British minister, who caused the 
ships to be burned, and in so doing destroyed 
much Russian property at the docks, laying the 
blame indirectly on Sayre. In August, 1781, on 
the arrival of Dana in St. Petersburg as ac- 
credited representative of the United States, 
Sayre returned to Paris, and in 1788, with his 
wife and son, Samuel Wilson Sayre. returned to 
America, purchasing ‘* Point Breeze,” a large 
estate at Bordentown, N.J., where his wife 
died, Nov. 29, 1789. 
New York city, instituted claims against the 
government for compensation for his services in 
Europe, and in 1789 returned to France and en- 
gaged in the snuff business in Havre. He was 


[626] 


Brandoh, Va. 


He engaged in business in . 


SCALES 


married in Paris, in 1790, to Mrs. Elizabeth 
Dorone, and transferred his business to that city. 
In 1792 he was sent to England as secret agent 
for France to purchase arms. He was the pro- 
poser of the French expedition of George Rogers 
Clarke against Louisiana inl 793. In 1794 he op- 
posed tbe policy of the administration. In 1807 
he was granted a small portion of his claim for 
compensation. In 1816 he sold his Bordentown 
property to Joseph Bonaparte and removed to 
He received the honorary degree 
of A.M. from Harvard in 1766, and is the author 
of: The Englishman Deceived, a political pam- 
phlet (1768); Memorial, reciting his claims to 
compensation (1803). His son, Samuel Wilson 
Sayre, married Jane, daughter of Philip L. 
Grymes of Brandon on the Rappahannock, Va., 
and in their home his father resided, 1816-18, and 
died, Sept. 7, 1818. 

SCALES, Alfred Moore, governor of North 
Carolina, was born in Reedsville, N.C., Nov. 26, 
1827 ; son of Alfred Moore Scales. He wasa 


student at Caldwell Institute, Greensboro, and | 
Carolina, 


the University of North 

taught school ; was admitted 
to the bar in 1851, practised 
in Madison, and was solici- 
tor of Rockingham county. 
1853. He was a member of 
the general assembly of 
North Carolina, 1852-53 and 
1856 ; a Democratic represen- 
tative in the 35th congress, 1857-59; clerk and — 
master of the Rockingham county court of equity, 
1859-61; presidential elector on the Breckinridge — 
and Lane ticket, 1860; and in April, 1861, enlisted 
as a private in the Confederate States army. He 
was promoted captain, and later colonel, and 
commanded the 13th North Carolina regiment in 
Pender’s 6th brigade, A. P. Hill’s light division, — 
Jackson’s corps, at Fredericksburg, December, 
1862, succeeding to the command of the bri- 
gade when Pender was wounded. He was 


1845-46 ; 





wounded at Chancellorsville, May, 1863; was 


promoted brigadier-general in 1863; and com- 
manded the 4th brigade, Pender’s division, A. 
P. Hill’s 3d army corps, at Gettysburg, July, 1863, 
where he was severely wounded. After his re- 
covery he rejoined the army and commanded 
the 2d brigade, Wilcox’s division, A. P. Hill’s — 
corps, in the Wilderness campaign and in the de- 
fence of Petersburg and Richmond, 1864-65, sur- 
rendering at Appomattox. He returned to the — 
practice of law in Greensboro, N.C.; again 
served in the general assembly of North Caro- 
lina, 1866-67 ; was a Democratic representative 
in the 44th-48th congresses, 1875-85, and governor 
of the state, 1885-89. He was engaged in bank- 
ing at Greensboro, where he died, Noy. 9, 1892. 


SCAMMELL 



















































SCAMMELL, Alexander, soldier, was born in 
Mendon, Mass., in March, 1747; son of Dr. 
Samuel Leslie and Jane (Libbey) Scammell. Dr. 

. Scammell, with his wife and brother Alexander, 
came from Portsmouth, England, to Mendon, in 
Ms 1737. Alexander Scammell was graduated at 

Harvard, A.B., 1769, A.M., 1772 ; taught school 

in Kingston and Plymouth, Mass., 1769-70; in 

Portsmouth, N.H., and Shapleigh, Me., 1771-72, 

and was employed under his cousin, Thomas 

Scammell, in exploring timber lands for the 

royal navy, and in making surveys for a map of 

New Hampshire. He studied law at Durham, 

N.H., under John Sullivan (q.v.), and was one 

of the force under Sullivan that seized Fort 

William and Mary, Newcastle, N.H., capturing 
- its armament with nflearly one hundred barrels of 

gunpowder, Dec. 14, 1774; which act was pro- 

nounced treasonable by the royal governor. 

During the absence of his preceptor in attend- 

ance on the First Continental congress, Mr. 

Scammell had charge of his legal practice, and 

for this reason was prevented from joining the 

army at Cambridge. He was major of New 

Hampshire militia and in April, 1775, when Sul- 

 livan was made a major-general in the Con- 
_ tinental army, Scammell was appointed on his 
staff as an aide-de-camp. He was transferred 
to General Lee’s division, Oct. 29, 1776, and 
was promoted colonel of the 8d New Hamp- 
shire regiment, Nov. 8, 1776. He served 
under Gen. Horatio Gates, and was wounded at 
Saratoga, Jan. 5, 1778. He was adjutant general 
of the Continental army on the staff of Gen- 
eral Washington, Jan. 5, 1778,-Jan. 1, 1781, 
and assumed command of the Ist New Hamp- 
shire regiment, light infantry, in March, 1781. 
He was captured by Hessian dragoons at York- 
town while reconnoitering the enemy’s position, 
Sept. 30, 1781, and was fatally wounded after he 
had surrendered. He was allowed to be carried 
to Williamsburg by Lord Cornwallis at the re- 
quest of Washington, dying there, Oct. 6, 1781. 
SCAMMON, Eliakim Parker, soldier, was 
born in Whitefield, Maine, Dec. 27, 1816; son of 
- Eliakim and——(Young)Scammon. He was grad- 
uated atthe U.S. Military academy, and promoted 
2d lieutenant, 4th artillery, July 1, 1887; was 
f ‘assistant ., Be eres at West 


: iahical beciner in the Bioriiat war, 1838-40, 
and in projecting a map of the territory west of 
the Mississippi, 1840-41. He was assistant pro- 
fessor and principal assistant professor of history, 
geography and ethics in the Military academy 
1841-46; was promoted Its lieutenant Sept. 21, 
1846, and was Bopemntguding atainee? on the 


» served on the staff of fio: Winfield. Scott 


SCAMMON 


early in 1847; took part in the siege of Vera 
Cruz, March 9-29, 1847; was engaged in the 
survey of the northwestern lakes, 1847-55; and 
in constructing military roads in New Mexico, 
1855-56; was promoted captain March 3, 1853, 
and was dismissed from the army June 4, 1856, 
for ‘Conduct to the prejudice of good order 
and military discipline and disobedience of 
orders.” He was professor of mathematics in 
Mount St. Mary’s college, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1885- 
59, and president of the Polytechnic college of 
the Catholic Institute in Cincinnati 1860-61 ; 
on June, 14, 1861, he was appointed colonel 
of the 23d Ohio volunteers, and he engaged in 
the campaign in Western Virginia, 1861-62; took 
part in the action of Carnifex Ferry ; com- 
manded the advance brigade at Fayette, Raleigh, 
Princeton, Va., Nov. 1861-Aug. 1862, and at Bull 
Run railroad bridge, Aug. 27, 1862; served at 
South Mountain and Antietam; was promoted 
brigadier general of volunteers, Oct. 15, 1862, and 
commanded the district of Kanawha, W. Va., 
Noy. 1862-Feb. 3, 1864. He was confined in 
Libby prison Feb. 3, Aug. 3-1864, commanded the 
‘separate brigade” at Morris Island off Charles- 
ton, 8.C., October 1864, and the district of Florida, 
November, 1864--April, 1865. He was president 
of the board for the examination of officers of 
volunteers in the Department of the South, May 
to August, 1865, and was mustered out Aug. 24, 
1865. He was U.S. consul at Prince Edward 
Island, 1865-71; a civil engineer in the U.S. 
servicein New York harbor, 1872-75 ; and profes- 
sor of mathematics in Seton Hall college, South 
Orange, N.J., 1875--85, becoming a resident of 
Chicago, Ill., in 1886. He received the honorary 
degree A.M. from Bowdoin in 1843, and from 
Trinity college in 1845. He died in New York 
city, Dec. 7, 1894. 

SCAMMON, Jonathan Young, educationist, 
was born in Whitefield, Me., July 27, 1812, son of 
Eliakim Scammon, and praniean of Tiny id Young, 
He was educated at Waterville college, Maine, 
studied law in Hallowell, and practised in Chicago, 
Ill.. 1855-57. He was assistant clerk of Cook 
county, 1835-36, prepared a new edition of 
Gale’s Statutes, published ‘*Scammon’s Reports ” 
(4 vols., 1832--43) ; became attorney of the State 
Bank of Illinois in 1887, and was reporter of the 
supreme court of the state, 1889-45. .He was a 
founder and director of the Galena and Chicago 
railroad, originated the public school system 
of Chicago, serving as inspector of schools and 
as president of the board of education ; was a 
founder of the Chicago Academy of Sciences ; and 
also of the Chicago Astronomical society, of which 
he was the first president. He built Dearborn 
observatory at his own expense, and conducted 
it for several years, purchasing for it the first 


[627] 


SCANLAN 


grand refractor telescope manufactured by 
Abram Clark & Sons. He was a director and 
president of various banks and insurance com- 
panies in Chicago; was a founder in 1844 of 
the Chicago American, established in support of 


Henry Clay for the presidency ; and in 1872 he » 


established the Inter Ocean, which he edited 
for several years. He also built the first Sweden- 
borgian church in Chicago, established the Society 
of the New Jerusalem and the Illinois society 
of the Swedenborgian church, and was vice- 
president of the general convention of the Swe- 
denborgian church in the United States, for 
ten years. He introduced homoeopathy into Chi- 
cago; founded Hahnemann hospital. and served 
as a trustee of that institution, and of Hahne- 
mann Medical college. He was also a trustee 
of the University of Chicago, and vice-president 
of its board of trustees; and was a delegate 
to the Republican national conventions of 1864 
and 1872. He traveled in Europe, 1857--60, and 
in the great fire of 1871 lost a large amount of 
property. The honorary degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred upon him by the University of Chicago in 
1862, and by Waterville college (Colby) in 1869. 
He died in Chicago, Ill., March 17, 1890. 

SCANLAN, Lawrence, R. C. bishop, was born 
in Ballintarsna, county Tipperary, Ireland, Sept. 
28, 1843; son of Patrick and Catherine (Ryan) 
Seanlan, and grandson of Thomas and Mary 
(Fogarty) Scanlan. He was graduated in 1868 at 
All Hallows college, Dublin, where he was 
ordained priest, June 24, 1868. In the same year 
he came to the United States and was assistant 
at St. Patrick’s, San Francisco, Cal., 1868-70, and 
at St. Mary’s cathedral there, 1870-71. He was 
sent to Pioche, Nev., in 1871, where he built the 
first church in that section of the state; and he 
was transferred to Petaluma, Cal., in 1872. In 
August, 1873, he was appointed pastor of Salt Lake 
city and Utah Territory, and subsequently vicar 
forane. Hecleared the church in Salt Lake from 
debt, and purchased land upon which he built an 
academy in 1875. He also built churches, schools 
and hospitals, and in 1886 founded the College of 
All Hallows. On Jan. 25, 1887, he was appointed 
bishop of ‘‘Lavenden” in partibus, and vicar 
apostolic of Utah, and was consecrated in St. 
Mary’s cathedral, San Francisco, Cal., June 29, 
1887, by Archbishop Riordan, assisted by Bishops 
O’Connell and Manogue. He was transferred 
as first bishop of the diocese of Salt Lake, Utah, 
Jan. 30, 1891. 

SCANNELL, Richard, R. C. bishop, was born 
at Cloyne, county Cork, Ireland, May 12, 18435. 
He was a student at the College of Middletown, 
Cork ; prepared for the priesthood at All Hallows, 
Dublin, and was ordained priest, Feb. 26, 1871. 
He came to the United States in 1871; was as- 


SCARBOROUGH 


sistant at St. Mary’s cathedral, Nashville, Tenn.; 
in charge of St. Columba’s church, and pastor of 
St. Mary’s cathedral, successively, 1871--85. 
After Bishop Feehan left to assume charge of the 
archdiocese of Chicago, Father Scannell was ad- 
ministrator of the diocese of Nashville, 1880-83, 
He organized and was pastor of St. Joseph’s 
church, West Nashville, Tenn., 1885-87. On Aug, 
9, 1887, he was appointed bishop of the newly 
created diocese of Concordia, Kan.,and was c6n- 
secrated in St. Mary’s cathedral, Nashville, Tenn. 
Nov. 30, 1887, by Archbishop Feehan, assisted by 
Bishop McCloskey of Louisville, and Bishop 
Rademacher of Nashville. 
to the diocese of Omaha, Neb., Jan. 30, 1891, as 
successor to the Rt. Rev. James O’Connor, D.D., 
deceased. 

SCARBOROUGH, John, fourth bishop of New 
Jersey and 111th in succession in the American 
episcopate, was born in Castlewellan, Ireland, 
April 25, 1881; son of John and Anna Bella 
Hannah Scarborough. He came to the United 
States with his mother in 1840; attended the public 
schools of Lansingburg, N.Y.,and was graduated 
at Trinity college, Connecticut, A.B., 1854, 
A.M., 1857, and at the General Theological semi- 
nary, New York city, in 1857. He was admitted 


to the diaconate, June 28, 1857; advanced to the — 


priesthood, Aug. 14, 1858, by Bishop Horatio 
Potter; was assistant at St. Paul’s church, Troy, 
N.Y., 1857-60 ; rector of the Church of the Holy 
Comforter, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 1860-67, and of 
Trinity church, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1867-74. He 
was married, May 23, 1865, to Catharine Elizabeth, 
daughter of Theodore and Caroline Elizabeth 
(Meeker) Trivett of Poughkeepsie, New York. 
He served as a deputy to the general convention 
in 1871 and 1874, and was elected bishop of New 


Jersey as successor to the Rt. Rev. W. H. Oden- — 


heimer, transferred to the diocese of Northern 
New Jersey in 1875. He was consecrated in St. 
Mary’s church, Burlington, N.J., Feb. 2, 1875, by 
Bishops Horatio Potter, Stevens, Kerfoot, Little- 


john, Doane, M. A. DeWolfe Howe, and Paddock. 


In 1900 was celebrated the twenty-fifth anniver- 
sary of his consecration. 

SCARBOROUGH, Robert Bethea, represen- 
tative, was born in Chesterfield, S.C., Oct. 29, 
1861; son of the Rev. Lewis and Ann (Bethea) 
Scarborough; grandson of Samuel and Mary 
(Andrews) Scarborough; and of William and 
Sarah (Hargrove) Bethea ; great-grandson of John 
and Nellie (Adams) Hargrove, and a descendant 


of John Bethea (Berthoir), who came from Eng-— 


land, and settled in Virginia in the seventeenth 
century. He attended the common schools and 
the academy, Mullins, S.C. ; subsequently taught 
school, and studied law. He was married, Dee. 
15, 1882, to Mary J. Jones; was admitted to the 


[628] 


3. (ome 


He was transferred 


Se} Soca eee 





SCHAEBERLE 





































bar, May 27, 1884, and began practice in Conway, 
$.C. He was a state senator, 1896-98, serving as 
president pro tem in 1898 ; lieutenant-governor of 
South Carolina, 1899 ; a Democratic representative 
from the sixth South Carolina district in the 57th 
congress, 1901-03, and re-elected without opposi- 
tion to the 58th congress for the term expiring, 
March 8, 1905. He served on the select com- 
mittee on the census in the 57th congress. 
SCHAEBERLE, John Martin, astronomer, 
was born in Wiirtemberg, Germany, Jan. 10, 
1853; son of Anton and Catherine (Végele) 
Schiiberle. He removed with his parents to Ann 
Arbor, Mich., in 1854; attended the common 
schools ; was apprenticed to a Chicago machinist, 
1868-71 ; continued his studies at the Ann Arbor 
high school, 1871-72, and was graduated from 
the University of Michigan, C.E., 1876, having 
‘ given particular attention to astronomy. He 
was private assistant to Dr. J. C. Watson; pro- 
fessor of astronomy in the university, 1876-78 ; 
assistant in the Ann Arbor observatory, 1878-85 ; 
instructor in astronomy, and acting assistant 
professor of astronomy in the University of Mich- 
igan, 1886-88, and astronomer of the Lick Obser- 
vatory, Mt. Hamilton, Cal., 1888-98. He had 





THE LICK OBSERVATORY.’ 


_ charge of the eclipse expeditions of the observa- 
tory, to Cayenne, Chile and Japan, 1889, 1893 and 
1896, respectively, and discovered three comets, 
one of which was revealed with a telescope of 
his own construction. He received the honorary 
degree of LL.D. from the University of California, 
1898, and is the author of extensive contributions 
_ to astronomical journals. Dr. Schiiberle resigned 
as astronomer of the Lick Observatory in June, 
1898, and after two years of travel returned to 
: Ann Arbor, Mich. In 1903 he was engaged in 
constructing a powerful photographic telescope 
for private use. 
_ SCHAEFFER, Charles Ashmead, educator, 
was born in Harrisburg, Pa., Aug. 14, 1843: son 
of the Rev. Charles William and Elizabeth Fry 
(Ashmead) Schaeffer; grandson of Frederick 
1aeffer and of James and Eve (Fry) Ashmead, 


SCHAEFFER 


and great-grandson of David Frederick Schaeffer, 
who came to America from Frankfort in 1776, 
and was an eminent Hebrew and classical scholar 
in the Lutheran chureh. He was graduatep 
from the University of Pennsylvania, A.B., 1861, 
A.M., 1864, and at the University of Géttingen, 
Ph.D., 1868. When, in the summer of 1863, Lee 
invaded Pennsylvania, Schaeffer served as ser- 
geant in Lande’s Philadelphia battery, and was 
promoted and specially commended for gallant 
conduct in battle. He was married, March 30, 
1871, to Evelyn, daughter of George Washington 
and Matilda (Seribner) Schuyler of Ithaca, N.Y. 
He was professor of chemistry and mineralogy 
at Cornell university, 1869-87, and was _ president 
of the State University of Iowa from 1887 until 
his death. He wasa member of the American 
Institute of Mining Engineers, a corresponding 
member of the New York Academy of Science, 
and was a contributor to scientific journals. He 
died in Iowa City, Iowa, Sept. 23, 1898. 
SCHAEFFER, Nathan C., educator, was born 
in Maxatawny township, Berks county, Pa., Feb. 
8, 1849; sonof David and Esther Ann (Christ) 
Schaeffer ; grandson of Philip and Elizabeth (Feth- 
erolf) Schaeffer and of Solomon and Elizabeth 
(Bieber) Christ, and a descendant of George 
Schaeffer and Marcus Christ, both pioneers, the 
latter killed on the Blue mountains by Indians in 
1865. He was graduated from Franklin and 
Marshall college, Lancaster, Pa., A.B., 1867 ; at- 
tended the Theological seminary of the Reformed 
church, located then at Mercersburg, now at 
Lancaster, Pa., 1870, and completed his studies 
at the universities of Berlin, Tibingen and Leip- 
zig, 1873-75. He was ordained to the ministry of 
the German Reformed church, 1875 ; was professor 
of Latin in Franklin and Marshall college, 1875- 
"7; principal of Keystone State Normal school, 
1877-93, and in the latter year became superin- 
tendent of public instruction in Pennsylvania, 
and also editor of the Pennsylvania School 
Journal. He was married, July 8, 1880, to Anna, 
daughter of John and Matilda (Mann) Ahlum of 
Applebachsville, Pa. He was a member of the 
commission of industrial education, 1889; was 
elected president of the medical and dental 
councils of Pennsylvania in 1894 and 1897, re- 
spectively, and secretary of the College and Uni- 
versity Council of Pennsylvania in 1895; chancellor 
of Pennsylvania Chautauqua in 1901, and member 
of the Capitol Building commission in 1902. In 
1900-01, he lecturer on pedagogy to the 
graduate students of the University of Penn- 
sylvania. He received the honorary degree of 
A.M. from Franklin and Marshall college in 1870 ; 
that of Ph.D. from the same college, 1880, and 
from Villanova, 1901; D.D. from Waynesburg 
college, 1885, and LL.D. from Western University 


was 


[629] 


SCHAFF 


of Pennsylvania, 1895, Ursinus college, 1900, and 
from Washington and Jefferson college in 1902. 
Dr. Schaeffer edited: Bible Readings for Schools 
(1897); is the author of: Thinking and Learn- 
ing to Think (1900); History of Education in 
Pennsylvania (1903), being part of a 3-volume 
history of the state, and contributed to the 
Mercersburg Review, articles on ‘‘ The Order of 
Jesuits;” ‘Church and State in Germany;” 
‘““ Education among the Greeks and Romans” and 
“School Life in Ancient Athens,” and also two 
articles on ‘‘ Pestalozzi” in the Reformed Church 
Review: ‘One-Sided Training of Teachers ;” 
«* Arrested Development in Education.” He wrote 
the introduction to Riddle’s “ Nicholas Comenius,” 
to Hinsdale’s *‘ Civil Government ” (Pennsylvania 
edition) and to ‘‘The Life of Rev. Henry Har- 
baugh, D.D.” 

SCHAFF, Philip, clergyman and author, was 
born at Chur, Graubiindten, Switzerland, Jan. 1, 
1819 ; son of Philip Schaff. He attended the 
gymnasium of Stuttgart and the universities of 
Tiibingen, Halle and Berlin, receiving the degree 
B.D., and obtaining a 
rating entitling him 
to a professorship in 
the University of Ber- 
lin in 1841. He was 
tutor to Henrich von 
Krocher, a Prussian 
nobleman, 1841-42, 
and lectured on exe- 
gesis and church his- 
tory at the’ Univer- 
sity of Berlin, 1842- 
44. He was.” or- 
dained at Elberfeld, 
Germany, April 12, 
1844. The same year 
he came to. the 
United States, having accepted a call as pro- 
fessor in the theological seminary of the Ger- 
man Reformed church at Mercersburg, Pa., 
1844-63 ; was tried, 1845, at York, Pa., for heresy, 
on the ground of his inaugural address, the 
‘*Principlo of Protestantism,” afterwards pub- 
lished. The charges were Roman Catholic errors. 
A full verdict of acquittal was rendered. He 
was married, Dec. 10, 1845, to Mary Elizabeth, 
daughter of David Schley of Frederick city, Md. 
He declined the presidency of Franklin and 
Marshall college, Lancaster, Pa., 1853. He rep- 
presented the German Reformed churches of the 
United States at Frankfurt and Basel in 1854. 
He removed to New York city in 1863, and was 
secretary of the New York Sabbath committee, 
1864-69 ; lectured on church history at Andover 
and Hartford Theological seminaries and at 
Union Theological seminary, 1869-70 ; was profes- 





[630] 


SCHAFF 


sor at Union Seminary of theological encyclopedia 
and Christian symbolism, 1870-1873 ; of Hebrew 
and the cognate languages, 1873-74 ; of sacred lit- 
erature, 1874-87, and of church history, 1887-93, 
and in 1893 was made professor emeritus. He was 
a founder and honorary secretary of the American — 
branch of the Evangelical alliance, and repre- 
sented that body in 1869, 1872 and 1873, arrang- 
ing for the general conference in New York city, 
in October, 1873. The Alliance made him a 
delegate to visit the Emperor of Russia in 1871, in 
behalf of the Christians in the Balkan provinces. 
He was selected in 1871 by the British com- — 
mittee on Bible revision, to organize the Ameri- 
can committee, and was elected its president, 
In 1875 he was present at the conference of the 
Old Catholics, Greeks and Protestants at Bonn, 
and at the meeting in London which organized 
the Alliance of the Reformed churches. He wasa 
delegate and speaker at the first general council 
of the Reformed churches in Edinburgh in 1877, 
and at its second council in Philadelphia, 1880, 
when he was chairman of the programme com- 
mittee. He wasadelegateto the general confer- 
ence of the Evangelical Alliance in Basel in 1879, 
and in Copenhagen in 1884; founded and was first 
president of the American Society of Church 
History in 1888, and was a member of various 
historical and literary societies in Europe and 
America. He received the degree D.D. from | 
the University of Berlin in 1854; from St, An- 
drews university, Scotland, in 1887, and from the 
University of New York, 1892, and LL.D., from — 
Amherst, 1874. He edited the Anglo-American — 
adaptation of Lang’s ‘‘ Critical, Theological and — 
Homiletical Commentary on the Bible,” (25 vols., — 
1864-80) ; Popular Illustrated Commentary on the 
New Testament (4 vols., 1878-83) ; Library of Re- 
ligious Poetry, with Arthur Gilman (1881) ; The 
Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knouwl- — 
edge (4 vols., 1884) ; Philosophical and Theologi- — 

cal Library, with Prof. Henry B. Smith (1878— 
79); and he founded and edited the Kirchen-— 
freund (1848-1854). He isthe author of numerous 
learned works, including: History of the Apos- | 
tolical Church (18538) ; Sketch of the Political, — 
Social and Religious Character of the United 
States (1855) ; Germany, its Universities, The- 
ology and Religion (1857) ; History of the Chris-— 
tian Church (2 vols., 1858-67; new ed., 6 vols., 
1882-92) ; German Hymn Book, with Introduction 
and Notes (1859); The Christ of the Gospels (1864); 
The Person of Christ, with Replies to Strauss — 
and Renan (1865) ; The Vatican Council (1875) ; 
History and Collection of the Creeds of Christen-— 
dom (8 vols., 1876) ; Harmony of the Reformed 
Confessions (1877) ; Through Bible Lands (1878); 
Dictionary of the Bible (1880); Companion to 
the Greek Testament and the English Version 















































_berne, N.C. 


the end of the war, when he resumed business with 


SCHANCK 


(1883) ; Historical Account of the Work of the 
American Committee of Revision of the English 
Version (1885) ; Christ and Christianity (1885) ; 
The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles (1885) ; 
‘Church and State in the United States, with Offi- 
cial Documents (1888); The Renaissance (1891) ; 
Literature and Poetry (1892); Propeedeutic, A 
General Introduction to the Study of Theology 
(1893), and The Reunion of Christendom (1893). 
Dr. Schaff was connected with the Presbyterian 
church. He was one of the most important con- 
tributors to theological literature and to the 
movement in favor of Christian Union of his 
day. He died in New York city, Oct. 20, 1893, 

SCHANCK, John Stillwell, educator, was born 
near Freehold, N.J., Feb. 24, 1817; son of Rulef 
R. and Mary (Stillwell) Schanck; grandson 
of Major John Stillwell of the Revolutionary 
army, and a descendant of Rulef Martino 
Schanck (b. 1619), who came to America in 
1650, and died on Lone Island in. 1704. His 
ancestry runs back to the thirteenth century to 
Reynier Schenck, Baron of Zoulenberg. He 
prepared for college at Lenox, Mass. His boy- 
hood interest in science was quickened by assist- 
ing Prof. Joseph Henry at Princeton. He was 
graduated from the College of New Jersey, A.B., 
1840, A.M., 18438, and from the University of 
Pennsylvania, M.D., in 1843. He was married, 
Oct. 20, 1842, to Maria, daughter of James W. 
and Maria (Egleston) Robbins of Lenox, Mass. 
He practised medicine in Princeton, N.J., 1843- 
65, becoming curator of the college museum 
and lecturer on zodlogy in 1847 ; was professor of 
chemistry, 1857-69 ; of chemistry and natural 
history, 1869-74 ; of chemistry, 1874-85 ; of 
chemistry and hygiene, 1885-92, and emeritus 
professor, 1892-98. He received the degree 
LL.D., from Lafayette college in 1866. He died 
at Princeton, N.J., Dec. 16, 1898. __ 

SCHARF, John Thomas, historian, was born 
in Baltimore. Md., May 1, 1843; son of Thomas G. 
Scharf, a merchant of that city. He left schoolin 
1859 to becomea clerk in his father’s store, and in 
1861 joined the 1st Maryland artillery, taking part 
in the battles on the Peninsula and in the Shen- 
andoah valley in 1862. He was wounded in the 
battles of Cedar Mountain, second Bull Run, and 
Chancellorsville. He transferred his services to 
the Confederate navy, June 20, 1863, having 
been appointed midshipman; and acted under 
Col. John Taylor Wood, Feb. 1, 1864, in the cap- 
ture of the steamer Underwriter, near New- 
In February, 1865, he again joined 
the Confederate artillery, was taken prisoner 


in Maryland while en route to Canada with dis- 


patches to the Confederate emissaries, and impris- 
oned in the Old Capitol of Washington, D.C., until 


*the rank of colonel, 1869-72. 


SCHAUFFLER 


his father. He married, Dec. 2, 1969, Mary, 
daughter of James McDougall of Baltimore, Md. 
He assisted in reorganizing the state militia, and 
was a member of the staff of Gov. Oden Bowie with 
He was admitted 
to the bar in 1874, became editor of the Balti- 
more Evening News in 1876, and subsequently 
an editor on the Telegram, Herald and Sun. He 
was a representative in the Maryland legislature 
in 1878, commissioner of the land office of Mary- 
land, 1884-92, and U.S. commissioner of Chinese 
immigration at the port of New York, 1893-97, 
He was a member of the executive committee of 
the sesqui-centennial celebration of Baltimore 
in 1880 ; of the Maryland committee to the Phila- 
delphia centennial in 1876; associate U.S. com- 
missioner from Maryland to the World’s Cotton 
Centennial exposition, New Orleans, La., 1884-85, 
and manager of the Maryland exposition in 1889, 
and of the Maryland state exhibit at the Col- 
umbian exhibition in 1893. He received the 
honorary degree A.M. from Georgetown college, 
and that of LL.D. in 1885. He was president of 
the Bureau of American History, Genealogy and 
Heraldry, and in 1891 presented Johns Hopkins 
university with his collection of rare Americana. 
He is the author of: Chronicles of Baltimore, 
Town and City (1874); History of Maryland (3 vols., 
1879); History of Baltimore, City and County 
(1881); History of Western Maryland (2 vols., 
1882); History of St. Louis (2 vols., 1884); History 
of Philadelphia (3 vols., 1884); History of West- 
chester County, N.Y. (2 vols., 1886); History of 
the Confederate States Navy from the Laying of 
the First Keel to the Sinking of the Last Vessel 
(1887): History of the State of Delaware (1888); 
History of the Natural Resources and Advantages 
of Maryland; and he left in manuscript several 
valuable works on subjects connected with the 
history of the Southern Confederacy. He died in 
New York city, March 28, 1898. 

SCHAUFFLER, William Gottlieb, missionary, 
was born in Stuttgart, Germany, Aug. 22, 1798 ; 
son of Philip Frederick and Caroline Henrietta 
(Schuckart) Schauffler. He settled in Odessa, 
Russia, with his parents in 1805, studied music, 
drawing and French, and learned to make wooden 
musical instruments, his father’s trade, at which 
he worked, 1812-25. He became interested in 
religion through the work done by Ignatius Lindl, 
a Roman Catholic evangelist, and servedas an 
independent missionary under Joseph Wolff, a re- 
formed Jew, in Turkey in 1826. The same year 
he came to the United States, where in spite of 
his poverty he was enabled through his own in- 
dustry to take a theological course at Andover, 
where he was graduated in 1830. He was or- 
dained, Nov. 14, 1831, and sent by the A. B. C. for 
F.M. asa missionary to the Jews and Armenians 


[631] 


SCHELL 


in Turkey, where he labored for forty-four years. 
He was married, Feb. 26, 1834, to Mary Reynolds, 
an American missionary, and resided in Vienna, 
where he was engaged in translating the Scrip- 
tures into Hebrew-Spanish, 1839-42. 
visited the United States, and resided in Austria, 
1874-77, and in New York city, 1877-83. He re- 
ceived the degree D.D. from the University of 
Halle in 1867, and LL.D. from the College of New 
Jersey in 1879. He translated the Bible into the 
Turkish language, and published Essay on the 
Right Use of Property (1882); and Meditations on 
the Last Days of Christ ; (1887 ; new eds., 1853 and 
1858). His sons published his Autobiography 
with an introduction by Prof. Edward G. Parks 
(1887). He died in New York city, Jan. 27, 1883. 

SCHELL, William Elias, educator, was born 
in Carroll county, Indiana, Oct. 25, 1861 ; son of 
Jacob and Elizabeth (Zeller) Schell; grandson of 
Jacob and Elizabeth (Kayler) Schell and of John 
and Susannah (Kumler) Zeller; great-grandson 
of Bishop Henry Kumler of the church of the 
United Brethren of Christ, and of Andrew Schell, 
who served in the Revolutionary war. His first 
Schell ancestor came from Amsterdam, Holland, 
in 1710, and settled in Lancaster county, Pa. He 
attended the district schools, and by teaching 
earned his college tuition, being graduated from 
Western college, Toledo, lowa, A.B., 1890, A.M., 
1898. He was married, Jan. 38, 1880, to Alice L., 
daughter of Nathan and Mary C. (Foster) Pierson 
of Dane, Wis.; was a minister in the church of 
the United Brethren in Christ, 1889-94 ; served 
as presiding elder, 1894-97, and in the latter year 
was elected president of York college, Nebraska. 
He was a member of the general conferences of 
his denomination, 1897 and 1901 ; a director of its 
board of education, and received the honorary 
degree of D.D. from Lane university, Lecompton, 
Kan., in 1902. 

SCHELLING, Felix Emmanuel, educator, was 
born at New Albany, Ind., Sept. 3, 1858; son of 
Felix and Rose (White) Schelling; grandson of 
Ulrich and Barbara (Mesmer) Schelling and of 
George Busby and Jane (Hamilton) White. He 
was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 
B.A., 1881, LL.B., 1883, M.A., 1884; practised 
law, 1884-86, and in March, 1886, was married to 
Caroline, daughter of James Alexander and 
Hannah (Palmer) Derbyshire of Philadelphia. 
He was at the University of Pennsylvania as in- 
structor in English, 1886-89, assistant-professor 
of English literature, 1889-91, professor of English 
literature, 1891--93, and in 1893 became John 
Welsh centennial professor of English literature. 
He received the degree of Ph.D. from Franklin and 
Marshall college in 1898. He was elected member 
of the Modern Language Association of America 
and of the American Philosophical society. 


[632] 


In 1857 he- 


SCHENCK 


He is the author of: Poetic and Verse Criticism 
of the Reign of Elizabeth (1891); The Dis- 
coveries of Ben Jonson (1892); Life and Writ- 
ings of George Gascoigne (1893); A Book of 
Elizabethan Lyrics (1895); A Book of Seventeenth — 
Century Lyrics (1899); The English Chronicle 
Play (1902). 

SCHEM, Alexander Jacob, author, was born 
in Wiedenbriick, Prussia, March 16, 1826. He 
came to the United States in 1851, having com- 
pleted a course in theology and philology in the 7 
Universities of Bonn and Tiibingen, and after 
teaching three years served as_ professor of 
ancient and modern languages in Dickinson _ 
college, Pa., 1854-60 ; as a member of the staff ‘ 
of the New York Tribune, 1860-69, as editor of 
the Deutsch-Amerikanisches Conversations-Lex- 
icon (11 vols.), 1869-74, and as assistant super- 
intendent of the public schools of New York city, 
1874-81. He edited a “ Latin-English Diction- — 
ary” with the Rev. George R. Crooks (1857) ; a 
‘* Cyclopedia of Education” with Henry Riddle 
(1877) ; and *‘ Year-Book of Education,” supple- 
ments to the latter (1878-79). He was also a 
regular contributor to the current cyclopeedias, 
and was an editor of the Methodist and of the © 
Methodist Quarterly Review. He published the 
‘‘ American Ecclesiastical Year-Book ” (1860); the 
“ Ecclesiastical Almanac” (1868-69), and several 
editions of ‘‘Schem’s Statistics of the World.” 
He died at West Hoboken, N.J., May 21, 1881. i 

SCHENCK, David, jurist and author, was 
born in Lincolnton, N.C., March 24, 1885; son of 
Dr. David Warlick and Susan Rebecca (Bevens) 
Schenck ; grandson of Michael and Barbara (War- 
lick) Schenck and of Simeon and Eliza Bevens. 
Tn 1813 his paternal grandfather built in Lincoln 
county, N.C., the first cotton mill erected south 
of the Potomac river. David was educated at 
the Lincolnton high school; was admitted to the 
bar in 1856, and practised in Greensboro, N.C. 
He was married, Aug. 25, 1859, to Sallie W., 
daughter of Jacob A. and Lucy (Dodson) Ram- 
seur. He was judge of the superior court, 1874- 
81, when he resigned; and was for fifteen 
years (1881-96) general counsel of the Richmond 
and Danville railroad company. He was projec- — 
tor and first president of the Guilford Battle 
Ground company, organized in 1887 to care for 
Guilford Battle Ground Park and for the preser-— 
vation of documents, autographs, relics and other — 
historical matter connected with the Revolution- 
ary history of North Carolina. He received the 
degree of LL.D. from the University of North 
Carolina in 1876. He is the author of: North 
Carolina Railroad Law (1889); North Carolina 
in 1780-81, a history of the invasion of the South- 
ern Colonies by Earl Cornwallis (1898), and 
other literary productions. 

































SCHENCK 


SCHENCK, James Findlay, naval officer, was 
born in Franklin, Ohio, June 11, 1807; son of 
Gen, William Cortenus and Elizabeth (Rogers) 
Schenck ; grandson of the Rev. William and 
Anna (Cumming) Schenck and of Capt. Wil- 
liam and Sarah (Potter) Rogers, and a descendant 
of Roelof Martense and Neeltje Geretsen (van Con- 
wenhoven) Schenck. Roelof Martense Schenck 
(or Schanck) emigrated from Amersfoort, Hol- 
land, to New Amsterdam in 1650, and settled at 
Flatbush, L.I., in 1660. Hewas a cadet at the 
_ US. Military academy, 1822-24, and resigned to 
enter the U.S. navy as midshipman, March 1, 
1825. He was married, July 27, 1829, to Dorothea 
Ann Smith of Smithtown, L.I. He was promoted 
passed midshipman, June 4, 1831; lieutenant, 
Dec. 22, 1835; and served on the St. Lovis of the 
West India squadron in 1837, and the Dolphin of 
the Brazil squadron in 1840. He was attached to 
the Congress of the Pacific squadron, 1846-47 ; 
and served as chief military aid to Commodore 
Stockton in the capture of Santa Barbara, San 
Pedro and Los Angeles, Cal., and afterward in 
the bombardment and capture of Guaymas and 
- the taking of Mazatlan. He served on the Con- 
_ gressin the East India squadron in 1848 ; com- 
- manded the mail steamship Oliio, 1848-52 ; was 
promoted commander, Sept. 14, 1855, and com- 
-manded the receiving ship New York in 1858, and 
the steamer Saginaw of the East India squadron, 
1860-61. He was promoted captain in 1861; com- 
-manded the frigate St. Lawrence of the West 
Gulf — blockad- 
ing squadron in 
1862; was pro- 
moted commo- 
dore, July 2, 
1863; command- 
seamed the Pow- 
e \ hatan of the 
= North Atlantic 
squadron from 
Oct. 7, 1864, and 
led the third di- 
ision of Porter’s squadron in the two attacks on 
Fort Fisher, 1864-65. He commanded the naval 
ion at Mound City, Ill., 1865-66; was pro- 


—— 


So ie 












U.S.S. POWHATAN, 


SCHENCK, Noah Hunt, clergyman, was born 
in Pennington, N.J., June 30, 1825; son of Peter C. 
S enck ; grandson of Capt. John Schenck, anda 
rendant of Roelof Martense Schenck, the inm- 
igrant, 
ege of New Jersey, A.B., 1844, A.M., 1847 ; 
wractised law in Trenton, N.J., 1847-48, and in 
& cinnati, Ohio, 1848-51. He was married, Nov. 
14, 1 850, to Anna Pierce, daughter of Col. Nathan- 


SCHENCK 


iel Greene Pendleton of Cincinnati, Ohio. He 
was graduated at Bexley Hall, Ohio, in 1853, and 
was admitted to the diaconate the same year. 
He was ordained priest in St. James’s church, 
Zanesville, Ohio, by Bishop McIlvaine in 1854, 
and was rector of St. Mary’s, Hillsboro, Ohio, 
1853-56; of Christ church, Gambier, Ohio, 
1856-57 ; of Trinity church, Chicago, Ill., 1857- 


59; of Emmanuel church, Baltimore, Md., 
1859-67, and of St. Ann's, Brooklyn, N.Y., 


1867-85. He founded and edited the Western 
Churchman, Chicago, IIL, 1858, and was co-editor 
of the Protestant Churchman, New York city, 
1867 ; was repeatedly chosen as a deputy to the 
general convention of the church, and was one of 
the three delegates sent to St. Petersburg in 1871 
by the Evangelical Alliance to obtain favor from 
the Czar in behalf of Russian Protestants. He 
was instrumental in erecting St. Mary’s church, 
Hillsboro, Ohio, and St. Ann’s church, Brooklyn, 
in 1869. He received the honorary degree D.D. 
from the College of New Jersey in 1865. He 
published letters from Europe and sixteen sermons 
and addresses delivered on notable occasions 
between 1856 and 1877. He died in Brooklyn, 
ING Yop dati 4) 188a. 

SCHENCK, Robert Cumming, diplomatist, 
was born in Franklin, Ohio, Oct. 4, 1809; son of 
Gen. William Cortenus and Elizabeth (Rogers) 
Schenck, and brother of James Findlay Schenck 
(q.v.). He was graduated at Miami university, 
A.B., 1827, A.M., 1830; was a tutor there, 1827- 
30, and studied law under Thomas Corwin at 
Lebanon, Ohio. He was married, Aug. 21, 1834, 
to Reunelche W. Smith of Smithtown, L.I. He 
practised law in Dayton, Ohio, 1831-48; was a 
representative in the Ohio legislature, 1841-43, 
and was a Whig representative from the third 
district in the 28th-31stand 38th-41st congresses, 
1843-51 and 1863-71, serving as chairman of the 
committee on roads and canals in the 380th con- 
gress, and as amember of the committees on ways 
and means and military affairs, and commerce, 
1863-71. He was U.S. minister to Brazil, 1851-54, 
where with John S, Pendleton (q.v.) he negotiated 
a treaty between the two countries; brought 
about the free navigation of the La Plata, and 
arranged treaties with Uruguay and Paraguay in 
1852, He was a projector and president of a 
railroad from Fort Wayne, Ind., to the Mississippi 
river, 1853-61, and was commissioned brigadier- 
general of volunteers, May 17, 1861. At Vienna, 
Va., in June, 1861, he had an encounter with 
the Confederate force and was driven back, but 
he recharged with such boldness that the Con- 
federates retreated. He commanded the 2d 
brigade in Tyler’s 1st division at Bull Run, July 
21, 1861; commanded Scammon’s brigade in 
Rosecrans’s army at Gauley Bridge, Va., Sept. 10, 


[633] 


SCHENCK 


1861; commanded the forces at McDowell, Va., 
May 8, 1862, composed of his own and Robert H. 
Milroy’s brigades, and under Fremont in the 
battle of Cross Keys, June7, 1862. He command- 
ed the ist division, Sigel’s Ist corps, at second 
Bull Run, where he was severely wounded ; was 
promoted major-general of volunteers, Sept. 18, 
1862, to date from Aug. 380, 1862, and commanded 
the Middle department and the 8th army corps 
at Baltimore, Md., in 1868. He resigned his com- 
mission, Dec. 3, 1863, to take his seat in the 38th 
congress. He procured while in congress the 
establishment of the military and naval asylum; 
and was president of the board of visitors of the 
U.S. Military academy in 1865. He was a dele- 
gate to the Philadelphia Loyalist convention 
of 1866, anda member of the Alabama claims 
commission, 1871. Hewas U.S. minister to Great 
Britain, 1871-76, resigning when charges were 
preferred against him of complicity in the cele- 
brated Emma mine fraud in 1876, and he appeared 
before a committee of the U.S. house of represen- 
tatives, where he wasacquitted. He wasa trustee 
of Miami university, 1835-39, After 1876 he prac- 
tised law in Washington, D.C., until his death, 
which occurred in that city, March 23, 1890. 
SCHENCK, William Edward, clergyman 
and editor, was born in Princeton, N.J., March 
29, 1819 ; son of John Conover and Annie Brooks 
(Hutchinson) Schenck ; grandson of Joseph and 
Margaret (Conover) Schenck and of Isaac and 
Annie (Brooks) Hutchinson ; and a descendant 
of Roelof Martense Schenck, who was born at 
Amersfoort, Holland, in 1619, and came to New 
York, June 28, 1650. He attended the Edgehill 
school in Princeton ; was graduated at the College 
of New Jersey, A.B., 1838, A.M., 1841; studied 
law, 1838-39, and was graduated at the Princeton 
Theological seminary in 1842. He was a mission- 
ary in the coal region, 1842 ; was ordained by the 
presbytery of New Brunswick, Feb. 28, 1848, and 
was pastor at Manchester, N.J., 1848-45, of the 
Hammond Street Presbyterian church, New 
York city, 1845-48, and of the First Presbyterian 
church, Princeton, N.J., 1848-52. He was super- 
intendent of church extension in the presbytery 
of Philadelphia, 1852-54, and was corresponding 
secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Publi- 
cation, 1854-86 ; being also editor of the board 
from 1862-70. He was made one of the directors 
of Princeton Theological seminary in 1865; sec- 
retary of the board, 1870-98, and chairman of the 
joint committee to prepare the general catalogue 
of 1894; and secretary of the Alumni associ- 
ation, 1872-97, being honorary secretary after 1897, 
He was a member of the Reunion committee, 
1867-70 ; a trustee of the General Assembly, 1865- 
87, and vice-president of its board, and in 1865 
was elected vice-president of the Pennsylvania 


SCHERESCHEWSKY 


Colonization society and in 1897 of the American 
Colonization society. He received the degree of 
D.D. from Jefferson college in 1861. He was 
married first, April 18, 1843, to Jane Whittemore 
Torry, daughter of William and Adeline (Whitte- 
more) Torrey of New York; and secondly, April 
3, 1861, to Mary Bates, daughter of the Rev. An- 
drew and Eliza (Gosman) Kittle of Elizabeth, 
N.J. He is the author of: Historical Account 
of the First Presbyterian Church of Princeton, 
N.J. (1851) ; Church Extension for Cities (1854) ; 
God Our Guide (1862); The Fountain for Sin 
(1864) ; Aunt Fanny’s Home (1865) ; Children in 
Heaven (1866), and Nearing Home (1867). 
SCHERESCHEWSKY, Samuel Isaac Joseph, 
third missionary bishop of Shanghai, China, and 
118th in succession in the American episcopate, 
was born in Tauroggen, Russian Lithuania, May 
6, 1831, of Jewish parents. He wasa student at — 
home and in different Rabbinical schools of 
Russia, then at Breslau, Germany, and came to 
the United States in 1854, when he embraced 
Christianity and was a student at the Western 
Theological seminary, Allegheny, Pa., 1855--58. 
He changed his creed, and joined the Protestant 
Episcopal church. He entered the General 
Theological seminary, New York city, class of 
1860, and in 1859 was appointed missionary to 
China. He was admitted to the diaconate in St. 
George’s church, New York city, July 7, 1859; 
sailed for China the same month with Bishop 
Boone, and was advanced to the priesthoed in the 
mission chapel at Shanghai, China, by Bishop 
Boone, Oct. 28, 1860. He was a missionary at 
Shanghai, 1860-63, and at Peking, 1862-75. He 
was married at Shanghai in 1868. He returned 
to America in 1875, when he was elected mis- 
sionary bishop of Shanghai, China, and declined. 
He was again elected in 1876 and declined, but 
upon his election in 1877 he accepted and was 
consecrated in Grace church, New York city, 
Oct. 31, 1877, by Bishops Smith, Potter, Bedell, 
assisted by Bishops Stevens, Kerfoot and Lyman. 
He returned to China via England where he at- 
tended the Lambeth conference of 1878, and in 
1881 was taken ill and returned to Europe in 1882 
with his family. He resigned his jurisdiction in 
1883, when in Switzerland, and returned to 
America in 1886, and engaged in revising the 


Mandarin Bible, translated by him while in Pe- — 


king, and in 1888 began the revision of the entire 
Bible in the classical language of China, In 
1890 he returned to China and had his work 
transliterated into the Chinese characters. In 
1892 he was invited by the American Bible 
society to accompany their agent, Dr. Hughes, to 
Tokyo, Japan, to superintend the printing of the 
revised Mandarin version, and the entire work 
was finished and put into circulation in 1902, - 


[634] 





4 SCHIMMELPFENNIG 


after which he engaged upon references to the 
Mandarin Bible. He received the degree of D.D. 
from Kenyon college in 1871. His published 
works consist chiefly of translations of the Book 
of Common Prayer in classical Chinese; the old 
Testament in Mandarin; Gospel of St. Mathew 
in Mongolian tongue in 1873; the entire Bible in 
classical Chinese (1903) ; Hand Book of Chinese 
; = Language; grammer of Mongolian Language, 
and a Dictionary of the Mongolian Language 
which he lost when nearly complete. He was 
one of the committee for translating the New 
. Testament from the Greek into Mandarin Chinese, 
Bishop Schereschewsky’s translations, are the 
more remarkable as being made by a Jew convert 
to Christianity, and as making possible the read- 
ing of both the Jewish and Christian books of the 
Bible in a language familiar to 400,000,000 people. 
SCHIMMELPFENNIG, Alexander, soldier, was 
born in Prussia in 1824. He was an officer in the 
Prussian army in Schleswig-Holstein in 1848. He 
came to the United States, and in 1861 became 
colonel of the 74th Pennsylvania regiment. He 
was in the ist brigade, 8d division, 1st corps, 
General Sigel, of the Army of Virginia under 
command of Gen. John Pope. During the second 
Bull Run, his brigadier, Gen. Henry Bohlen, was 
killed, and he succeeded to the command. After 
_ the battle he was nominated for brigadier-general, 
but the appointment was not confirmed until 
March, 1863, although the commission was dated, 
Noy. 29, 1862. He commanded a brigade in the 
11th corps, under General Howard, at Chancellors- 
ville and _also at Gettysburg, where General 
“a Howard was wounded, and when General Schurz 
took command of the corps, the command of the 
division fell to General Schimmelpfennig. Upon 
the evacuation of Charleston, Feb. 18, 1865, he 
took command of the city. He was very ill as 
the result of exposure, and was soon relieved of 
his command, and returned to Minersville, Pa. He 
_ published The War Between Russia and Turkey 
(1854). He died in Minersville, Pa., Sept. 7, 1865. 
- SCHLEICHER, Gustave, representative, was 
born i in Darmstadt, Germany, Nov. 19, 1823. He 
was graduated from the University at Giessen, 
and engaged in railroad building in Europe. In 
1847 he immigrated to Texas, and after spending 
/ three years on the frontier, settled in San Antonio. 
He was a representative in the state legislature, 
1853-54; a state senator, 1859-61 ; served in the 
¢ onfederate States army, 1861-65; and was a 
Democratic representative from Texas in the 
; 4 ith, 45th and 46th congresses, 1875-79. He died 
in’ Re instos: DiGy dan, 1191879; 
i SCHLEY, William, governor of Georgia, was 
born in Frederick, Md., Dec. 15,1786. His father 
removed to Augusta, Georgia, and engaged in 
lanufacturing near that city. William was edu- 







































. 


SCHLEY 


cated at the academy of Louisville, Ga., and later 
at the academy in Augusta; practised law in 
Augusta, and was judge of the superior court, 
1825-28. In 1830 he was elected a Democratic 
representative in the state legislature, and in 
1832 a representative to the 23d congress, 1833- 
35. He was governor of Georgia, 1835-37. He 
was president of the Georgia Medical college, 
Augusta, for several years, and is the author of: A 
Digest of English Statutes in Force 
(1826). He died at his home near 
Noy. 20, 1858. 

SCHLEY, Winfield Scott, naval officer, was 
born at Richfield Farm in Frederick county, Md., 
Oct. 9, 1839; son of John Thomas and Georgiana 
Virginia (McClure) Schley ; grandson of 
and Mary Ferree (Shriver) Schley 
and Mary McClure, 
and great-grandson of 
John Thomas Schley 
who came to Amer- 
ica from Germany 
in 1745, went first 
to Pennsylvania, and 
later made his home 
in what became the 
town of Frederick, 


in Georgia 
Augusta, Ga., 


John 
and of John 





Md. Winfield Scott “@% y =~ tee 
Schley entered the ™ SZ 
U.S. Naval academy pn 

from Maryland, Sept. 

£0, 1856, graduating HIME ae 
in 1860. He served V 

on the frigate Niag- 

ara, on duty in China and Japan in 1860-61, 
carrying back the ambassador from Japan sent 
from that country to the United States in 1859. 


He was advanced to master, Aug. 31, 1861, and 
served on the frigate Potomac, 1861-62; was 
commissioned lieutenant, July 16, 1862, and 


served on the Winona, Monongahela and Rich- 
mond under Farragut in the Mississippi river 
campaign and about Port Hudson from March 14 
until July 9, 1863, participating in 
gagements. On Sept. 10, 1863, 
Annie R. Franklin, daughter of George E. and 
Maria C. Franklin of Annapolis, Md. He served 
as the executive officer on the gun-boat Wateree 
in the Pacific, 1864-66, and in 1865 he put 
down an insurrection of Chinese coolies in the 
Chincha Islands, and later, during a revolu- 
tion at La Union, San Salvador, 100 men 
there and protected the United States’ interests. 
On July 25, 1866, he was promoted licutenant- 
commander, and served as an instructor at the 
Naval academy, 1866-69. He served as executive 
officer of the U.S.S. Benicia, on the Asiatic 
station, 1869-72, and in June, 1871, took anactive 
part in the capture of the forts on the Salee river 


many en- 
he was married to 


landed 


[635] 


SCHLEY 


in Korea, Lieut. Hugh K. McKee was killed at 
his side on the parapet while attacking the main 
fortifications. He served as head of the depart- 
ment of modern languages at the Naval academy, 
1872-76, and was promoted commander, June 10, 
1874. He was on the Brazil station in the Essex, 
1876-79, rescning from the Island of Tristam 
d’Acamba an American crew shipwrecked there. 
In 1884, he commanded an expedition that res- 
cued Lieut. Adolphus W, Greely and six compan- 
ions from death at Cape Sabine in Grinnell Land. 
For this, the Maryland legislature gave him a 
vote of thanks and a gold chronometer watch, 
and the Massachusetts Humane Society presented 
him with a gold medal. He was made chief 
of bureau of equipment and recruiting for the 
navy department at Washington in 1885; was 
promoted captain, March 31, 1888, and when the 
Baltimore was put into commission, he took 
command of her, 1889-92, commanding that ves- 
sel in Valparaiso where a number of her crew 
were killed and wounded by a mob on shore. In 
October of the same year he settled this difficulty 
at Valparaiso, the Chilian government apologizing 
for the insult, and paying an indemnity of $75.- 
000. In August, 1891, he carried the body of 
John Ericsson, the inventor of the monitor, to 
Sweden, and was presented with a gold medal by 
the king. He served as light-house inspector, 
1893-95, and on the cruiser New York, 1895-97, 
and as chairman of the lighthouse board, 1897-98. 
On Feb. 6, 1898, he was promoted commodore, 
was later selected to command the flying squad- 
ron to protect the Atlantic seaboard with the 
U.S. cruiser Brooklyn as his flagship. He was 


--*BROOKLYN::: 


























present in the battle which destroyed Cervera’s 
squadron and captured its personel off Santiago, 
July 3, 1898. On Aug. 10, 1898, he was pro- 
moted by the President to the rank of rear- 
admiral, ‘‘for eminent and conspicuous conduct 
in battle,” and on August 29, was appointed one 
of the commissioners to direct the evacuation 
of Porto Rico. In December of the same year 
he was presented with a jewelled medal by the 
Maryland legislature, and given its vote of thanks 
and a service of silver by Maryland friends. He 
was assigned to duty on the naval examining 
board, April 14, 1899, and on April 27, was trans- 


SCHMIDT 


ferred to the naval retiring board as senior mem- 
ber. In December, 1898, the people of Penn- 
sylvania presented him a gold and jewelled sword, 
He received the degree of LL.D. from George- 
town university, June 22, 1899, and on Nov. 4 of 
the same year, the people of Atlanta presented 
him with a silver loving cup. He was assigned 
to duty as commander of the South Atlantic 
squadron, Novy. 18, 1899, and was retired Oct. 9, 
1901, having reached the age limit fixed by law. 
The fact that Commodore Sampson was tempo- 
rarily absent, by order of the President, from San- } 
tiago on the morning Cervera made his effort to 
escape from the harbor, caused a dispute between 
the respective friends of Sampson and Schley as 
to who was actually in command of the United 
States fleet on that day. The third volume of 
‘A History of the United States” by E. S. Mac- 
lay (the first two volumes of which had been 
adopted as a text-book by the Naval academy) 
contained reflections on Schley’s conduct, charg- 
ing him with irregularities. At Schley’s request 
a court of inquiry convened Sept. 1, 1901, to in- 
vestigate his conduct during the fight, and the 
majority report, which was not wholly favorable 
to Schley, was strongly excepted to by Admiral 
Dewey, the president of the court, in all important 
particulars. The report freed Schley of the 
charge of irregularity and the congress of the 
United States thereupon prohibited the use of 
Maclay’s history in the U.S. Naval academy. 
Admiral Schley is the author of The Rescue of 
Greely (1886). 4 

SCHMIDT, Frederick Augustus, clergyman, 
was born in Leutenberg, Thuringia, Germany, 
Jan. 3, 1837: son of John Frederick and Helena 
(Wirth) Schmidt. His father died in 1889, 
and his mother, having relatives in Martin 
Stephen’s colony in Missouri, came to America in 
1841. In 1853 he was graduated at Concordia 
college, St. Louis, Mo.,a member of the first 
class, and in 1857 was graduated from the Con- 
cordia Theological seminary at St. Louis, Mo. 
He was married, Dec. 8, 1858, to Carolina, daugh- 
ter of Joachim and Elisabeth (Weishaha) All- 
wardt of Plato, N.Y. He was pastor at Eden, 
N.Y., 1857-59, of St. Peter's, Baltimore, Md., 
1859-61, and was professor in the Norwegian 
Lutheran college at Decorah, Iowa, 1861-71, at 
Concordia Theological seminary, 1871-76. and at 
the Norwegian Lutheran seminary, Madison, 
Wis., 1876-86. In 1886 he became professor of 
systematic theology at the Norwegian Lutheran 
Divinity school, Northfield, Minn. Upon the 
formation of the United Norwegian Lutheran 
church in 1890, he became senior professor of its 
theological seminary, at St. Anthony Park, St. 
Paul, Minn. He received the degree of D.D. 


‘from Capitol university, Columbus, Ohio. He 


[636] 





SCHMUCKER 


















































edited several Lutheran papers in the English, 
German and Norwegian languages, and is the 
author of Intuitu Fidei. 

SCHMUCKER, Samuel Mosheim, author, was 
born in ‘New Market, Va., Jan. 12, 1823; son of 
Dr. Samuel S. Schmucker (q.v.). He was grad- 
uated from Washington college, Pa., in 1840, and 
from the Lutheran seminary at Gettysburg in 
1842; and was pastor of Lutheran churches at 
Lewistown, Pa., 1842-45, and Germantown, Pa., 
1845-48. He was a student and secretary at the 
Philadelphia Law academy, 1848-50, and practised 
law in Philadelphia, 1850-53; in New York city, 
1853-55, and in Philadelphia, 1855-63. He is the 
author of: Errors of Modern Infidelity (1848); 
Election of Judges by the People, and Constitu- 
tionality of the Maine Liquor Law (1852); The 
Spanish Wife, a Play, with Memoir of Edwin 
Forrest (1854); Court and Reign of Catherine II, 
Empress of Russia (1855); Life and Reign of 
Nicholas I of Russia (1856); Life of John C. Fré- 
mont with his Explorations (1856); Life and 
Times of Alecander Hamilton (1856); History of 
the Mormons, Edited and Enlarged (1856); Life 
and Times of Thomas Jefferson (1857); The Yan- 
kee Slave-Driver (1857); Memorable Scenes in 
_ French History (1857); Arctic Explorations and 
Discoveries (1857); Life of Dr. Elisha Kent Kane 
and Other American Explorers (1858); History of 
_ Napoleon IIT (1858); History of the Four Georges 
— (1859); History of all Religions (1859); Life, 
Speeches, and Memorials of Daniel Webster (1859) ; 

_ Lifeand Times of Henry Clay (1860); Life of 

Washington (1860); Blue Laws of Connecticut 
— (1860); History of the Modern Jews (1860); and 
A History of the Civil War in the United States 
(vol. I., 1863). He died in Philadelphia, Pa., 
_ May 12, 1863. : 
SCHMUCKER, Samuel Simon, educator, was 
born in Hagerstown, Md., Feb. 28, 1799; son of 
the Rev. John George (1771-1854) and Catherine 
(Gross) Schmucker. He was a student at the 
University of Pennsylvania, 1814-16, and at 
ar inceton Theological seminary, 1817-18; was 
principal of the academy at York, Pa., 1818-20, 
eu served the Lutheran church, New Market, 
Va., as pastor, 1820-26, receiving ordination, Sept. 
a “SNe He founded the Lutheran Theological 

ety: at Gettysburg, Pa., in 1825; was its 
only instructor, 1826-30; its professor of dogma- 
tie theology, 1826-64, and professor of intellectual 
science in Pennsylvania college, 1832-33. He 
helped to organize the Evangelical Lutheran 
church in 1827, and in 1846 to connect it with the 
rent body in Europe, being a delegate to the 
vention of that year in London, He was 
; ied to Catherine Steenbergen of Mt. Airy, 
_and after her death to Esther Wagner of 

delphia, Pa. He received the honorary de- 


SCHNEIDER 


grees, A.B., 1819, and A.M., 1823, from the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, and D.D. from Rutgers 
college in 1832. He is the author of: Biblical 
Theology (2 vols., 1826); Elements of Popular 
Theology (1884); Kurzgefasste Geschichte der 
Christlichen Kirche auf der Grundloge der 
Busel’en Werke (1834); Fraternal Appeal to the 
American Churches on Christian Union (1838); 
Portraiture of Lutheranism (1840); Retrospect 
of Lutheranism (1841); Psyehology, or Elements 
of Mental Philosophy (1842); Dissertation on 
Capital Punishment (1845); The American Luth- 
eran Church, Historically, Doctrinally and Prae- 
tically Delineated (1851); Lutheran Manwal (1855) ; 
American Lutheranism Vindicated (1856); Ap- 
peal on Behalf of the Christian Sabbath (1857); 
Evangelical Lutheran Catechism (1859); The 
Church of the Redeemer (1867); The Unity of 
Christ's Church (1870), and various contributions 
to periodical literature. He died in Gettysburg, 
Pa., July 26, 1878. 

SCHNEIDER, Albert, botanist and author, 
was born in Granville, Putnam county, Ill., April 
3, 1862; son of John and Elizabeth (Burcky) 
Schneider ; grandson of Johannes and Elisabeth 
(Strack) Schneider and of Jacob and Madeline 
(Krehbiel) Burcky. and a descendant of Dr. John 
Burcky, who first arrived in New Orleans, and 
later, 1804, settled in Cincinnati, Ohio. He at- 
tended the district schools and the Northern 
Illinois Normal school; was graduated from the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago, IIL, 
M.D., 1887, and from the University of Illinois, 
B.S., 1894. He was married, June 28, 1892, to 
Marie, daughter of Mitchell and Mary (Driscoll) 
Harrington of Avoca, Minn. ; was instructor in 
botany in the University of Minnesota, 1893; a 
fellow in botany at Columbia university, 1894- 
96, and in 1897 was made professor of botany, 
pharmacognosy, materia medica and_ bacteri- 
ology in the Northwestern University School of 
Pharmacy, Chicago, Ill. He received the gradu- 
ate degree of M.S. from the University of Min- 
nesota, 1894, and that of Ph.D. from Columbia, 
1897, and was elected a member of the Deutsche 
Botanische Gesellschaft ; Societé Botanique In- 
ternationale ; the Society of American Authors, 
and other organizations. Dr. Schneider is the 
author of : Primary Microscopy and Biology 
(1890) ; A Text-Book of General Lichenology 
(1897) : Guide to the Study of Liichens (1898) ; 
Hints on Drawing for Students of Biology (1899); 
General Vegetable Pharmacography (1900); The 
Limitations of Learning, and Other Science 
Papers (1900) ; Powdered Vegetable Drugs (1902); 
Tseful Plants (1903); and numerous contribu- 
tions to scientific and other journals. He also 
translated Westermaier’s ‘“ Compendium der 
Allgemeinen Botanik ” (1896). 


[637] 


SCHOFF 


SCHOFF, Stephen Alonzo, engraver, was 
born at Danville, Vt., in 1818; son of John Chase 
and Eunice (Nye) Schoff ; grandson of John and 
Priscilla (Chase) Schoff, and of Elisha Nye; of 
German ancestry on his father’s side, and English 
on his mother’s. He attended the public schools 
at Newburyport, Mass., and went to Boston in 
1834, to study and work at line engraving. In 
1839-41, with his employer, Joseph Andrews, he 
went to Paris, where he- studied drawing and 
line engraving. Upon his return he began bank- 
note work in New York. He was employed in the 
bureau of engraving in Washington, and later 
resided in Boston, New York, Newtonville, Mass., 
and Brandon, Vt. His best known works are: 
Caius Marius on the Ruins of Carthage (1848) ; 
William Penn ; a portrait of R. W. Emerson, after 
Rowse; The Bathers, after William M. Hunt; 
Moonlight Marine, after Dr. Hess. 

SCHOFIELD, John McAllister, soldier, was 
born in Gerry, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1831; son of the 
Rev. James and Caroline (McAllister) Schofield ; 
grandson of James and Margaret (Wheeler) 
Schofield and of John and Sara (Brewster) 
McAllister, and a de- 
scendant of Elder 
William Brewster of 
the Mayflower. He 
attended the public 
schools of Gerry, Bris- 
tol and Freeport, and 
was graduated from 
the U.S. Military 
academy and ap- 
pointed brevet 2nd 
lieutenant, 2nd artil- 
lery, July 1, 1853. 
He served on garri- 
son duty at Fort 
Moultrie, S.C., and 

in Florida, 1853-55 ; 
was promoted 2nd lieutenant, 1st artillery, Aug. 
31, 1853, and 1st lieutenant, March 3, 1855; was 
assistant professor of natural and experimental 
philosophy at the U.S. Military academy, 1855-56, 
and principal assistant professor, 1856-60 ; and 
was professor of physics in Washington univer- 
sity, Mo., 1860-61. He was appointed major, 1st 
Missouri volunteer infantry, April 26, 1861, that 
regiment being converted into artillery, August, 
1861; and he was promoted captain, Ist artillery, 
U.S.A., May 14, 1861. He served as mustering 
officer for the state of Missouri; was chief of 
staff to General Lyon, and took part in the 
action of Dugspring, the battle of Wilson’s 
Creek, when Lyon was killed, and the action at 
Fredericktown. He was appointed brigadier- 
general, U.S. volunteers, Nov. 21, and brigadier- 
general, Missouri militia, Nov. 26, 1861, and com- 


ool = 





SCHOFIELD 


manded the militia of Missouri, 1861-62. and the 
army of the frontier and district of south-west 
Missouri, 1862-63. He was appointed major- 
general, U.S.V., Nov. 29, 1862, his commission 
expiring by constitutional limitation, March 4, 
1863, when he again became brigadier-general, 
U.S.V. He wasa member of the board of ex- 
aminers of Mississippi river mortar boats, Dec. 
9-31, 1862 ; and commanded the 8rd division, 14th 
army corps, Army of the Cumberland, April 20 
to May 31, 1863. He was re-appointed major- 
general, U.S.V., May 12, 18683, and commanded 
the department of the Missouri, 1863-64, and the 
department and Army of the Ohio, 1864-65. He 
commanded the Army of the Ohio in the invasion 
of Georgia, May 2-Sept. 7, 1864, and commanded 
the force that opposed General Hood in his ad- 
vance from Florence, Ala., into Tennessée. He 
defeated Hood’s army at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 
30, 1864, being appointed brigadier-general, 
U.S.A., on the same day, and brevetted major- 
general, U.S.A., March 13, 1865, for gallant and 
meritorious services in the battle of Franklin, 
Tenn. He commanded the 23rd army corps in 
the battle of Nashville, Dec. 15 and 16, 1864, and 
was in command of the department of North 
Carolina, February to May, 1865, being engaged 
in the capture of Forts Anderson and Wilming- 
ton, the occupation of Kinston, the march to 
Goldsboro, and in the surrender of the Confeder- 
ate States army under Gen. J. E. Johnston at 
Durham Station, North Carolina, April 26, 1865, 
where he was detailed to execute the military 
convention of capitulation. He remained in 
command of the department of North Carolina 
until June, 1865, and was sent on a special mis- 
sion to Europe, 1865-66. He commanded the de- 
partment of the Potomac with headquarters at 
Richmond, Va., 1866-67, and the first Military 
district, state of Virginia, 1867-68. He was 
honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, 
Sept. 1, 1866; succeeded Edwin M. Stanton as 
secretary of war, June 2, 1868, and served in 
Johnson’s and Grant’s administrations until 
March 12, 1869. He was promoted major- 
general, U.S.A., March 4, 1869, and took com- 
mand of the department of the Missouri in that. 
month. He commanded the division of the Paci- 
fic, 1870-76 and also in 1882-83 ; was superin- 


tendent of the U.S. Military academy, 1876-81 ; «4 


commanded the division of the Missouri, 1883-86, 

and the division of the Atlantic, 1886-88. He 

then commanded the Army of the United States, — 
1888-95. He was promoted lieutenant-general, 
U.S.A., Feb. 5, 1895, under a special act of con- 
gress, and was retired, Sept. 29, 1895, on reaching 
the age limit. He was president of the board 
that adopted the tactics for the army in 1870; 
and president of the board of review of the Fitz- 


[638] 





SCHOLFIELD 

























































John Porter case in 1878. He was sent on a 
special mission to Hawaii in 1873. He was 
awarded a medal of honor for conspicuous gal- 
_____ Jantry at the battle of Wilson’s Creek, Mo., Aug. 
iy 10, 1861. The honorary degree of LL.D. was 
' conferred on him by the University of Chicago 
in 1885. He was married, first, June, 1857, to 
Harriet, daughter of William Holmes Chambers 
and Harriet (Whitehorn) Bartlett of West Point, 
N.Y.; she died in December, 1888. In June, 
1891, he married, secondly, Georgia Kilbourne, 
daughter of Mrs. Augusta Wells Kilbourne of 
Keokuk, Iowa, He is the author of: Forty-six 
Years in the Army (1898). 

SCHOLFIELD, John, jurist, was born in 
Clark county, Ill., Aug. 1, 1884; son of Thomas 
and Ruth (Beauchamp) Scholfield. The Schol- 
fields came from England to Pennsylvania at an 
early date in the pioneer immigration to the pro- 
vince, settled in West Chester, and after the Rev- 
olution removed to Loudoun county, Virginia: 
a part of the family removing thence to Musk- 
ingum county, Ohio, and thence to Clark county, 
Ill. He was brought up on a farm; taught a 
district school and studied law, 1851-54; was 
graduated at the Louisville law school, LL.B., 
1855; was admitted to the bar, and elected state 
attorney for the 4th judicial circuit in 1856. He 

. was married, Dec. 29, 1859, to Emma J., daughter 
of Johr and Jane (Archer) Bartlett of Mar- 
shall, Ill. He canvassed his district for the 
Democratic national ticket in 1856; was elected 
a representative in the state legislature in 1860, 
and was a delegate to the state constitutional 
convention of 1869. He was a justice of the 
supreme court of the state, 1873-90 and 1890-93, 
and chief justice, 1891. He refused a seat on the 
bench of the supreme court of the United States, 
offered him by President Cleveland in 1888. He 
died at Marshall, Ill., Feb. 13, 1893. 
SCHOOLCRAFT, Henry Rowe, ethnologist, 
was born in Watervliet, N.Y., March 28, 1793; 
son of Col. Lawrence and Margaret Anne Barbara 
(Rowe) Schooleraft ; grandson of John and Anna 
Barbara (Boss) Schoolcraft, and great-grandson 
of James Calecraft, who came from England to 
- Canada in the military service of the crown in 
1727, and subsequently settled in Albany county, 
_ N.Y., where he engaged in surveying and school- 
; teaching, and changed his name to Schoolcraft. 
_ Col. Lawrence Schoolcraft served in the Revol- 
ution and as an officer in the warof 1812. Henry 
_ R. Schooleraft was a student at Middlebury col- 
lege, Vt., and at Union college, Schenectady, 
_N.Y.; learned the trade of glass-making under 
his father, and during 1817-18, made acollection 
of minerals in Missouriand Arkansas. He joined 
en. Lewis Cass’s exploring expedition to Lake 
Superior and the head-waters of the Mississippi in 


a. 


SCHOOLCRAFT 


1820 ; was secretary of the board of Indian commis- 
sioners at Chicago, IIL, in 1821, and Indian agent 
at Sault Ste. Marie and Mackinaw, 1822-36. In 
October, 1823, he married Jane, daughter of John 
Johnston, and maternal granddaughter of Waboo- 
jeeg, the Ojibway chief. He was a memberof the 
Michigan territorial legislature, 1828-31; con- 
ducted a party of explorers to Lake Itasca in 1832, 
and through a treaty which he made with the In- 
dians on the upper lakes in 1836, the United States 
gained possession of 16,000,000 acres of Indian 
lands. He superintended Indian affairs and was 
disbursing agent on the northwest frontier, 1837- 
41. He removed to New York city in 1841; 
visited Europe in 1842, and also Virginia, Ohio, 
and Canada, 1843-44 ; collected the U.S. census of 
New York Indian tribes, 1845, of the Six Nations 
for the New York legislature, 1845-47 ; and con- 
gress authorized him on March 38, 1847, to collect 
and edit information relative to the condition of 
the Indian tribes. This work occupied the re- 
mainder of his life, and congress expended in its 
preparation $150,000, He was married in January, 
1847, to Mary Howard of Beaufort district, S.C., 
who was his assistant in the preparation of his 
later works, which were written when he was 
confined to his chair by paralysis. She is the 
author of: ‘* The Black Gauntlet, a Tale of Planta- 
tion Life in South Carolina” (1860). Mr. School- 
craft received the degree of LL.D. from the Uni- 
versity of Geneva in 1846; was a founder of the 
Michigan Historical society in 1828; of the Algic 
society in1831, and of the American Ethnological 
society in 1841, anda member of numerous histori- 
caland scientific societies of the United States and 
Europe. He was awarded a gold medal from the 
French Institute for his lectures on the construc- 
tion of the Indian language. His published 
volumes include the following: Mineralogy and 
Geology of Missouri and Arkansas (1819); Trans- 
Allegania, or the Groans of Missouri (1820); 
Journal of a Tour in the Interior of Missouri and 
Arkansas (1820); Travels from Detroit to the 
Source of the Mississippi (1821); Travels in the 
Central Portions of the Mississippi Valley (1825); 
The Rise of the West, poem (1827); Indian 
Melodies (1830); The Man of Bronze (1884): Nar- 
rative of an Expedition through the Upper Mis- 
sissippi to Itasca Lake (1834); Iosco, or the Vale 
of Norma (1834); Algie Researches (1839); Alhalla 
or the Land of Talladega, poem (1843); Oneota 
or Characteristics of the Red Race of America 
(1844-45); Plan for Investigating American Ethiio- 
logy (1846); Notes on the Iroquois (1846); The 
Red Race of America (1847); Notices of Antique 
Earthen Vessels from Florida (1847); Life and 
Character of Gen. Lewis Cass (1848); Bibliograph- 
ical Catalogue of Books * * * in the Indian 
Tongues of the United States (1849); American 


[639] 


SCHOONMAKER 


Indians (1850); Personal Memoirs of a Residence 
of Thirty Years with the Indian Tribes on the 
American Frontier, 1812-42 (1851); Historical and 
Statistical Information, respecting the History, 
Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of 
the United States (6 vols., 1851-57); Swmmary 
Narrative of an Exploratory Expedition to the 
Sources of the Mississippi River in 1820, resumed 
and Completed by the Discovery of its Origin in 
Itasca Lake in 1832 (1854); Helderbergia, poem 
(1855); and The Myth of Hiawatha and notes for 
The Indian Fairy Book from Original Legends 
(1855). He died in Washington, Dec. 10, 1864. 
SCHOONMAKER, Cornelius C., representa- 
tive, was born in Shawangunk, Ulster county, 
N.Y.,in June, 1745; a descendant of Henry 
Schoonmaker, who emigrated from Germany, 
and settled in Albany prior to 1653, subsequently 
removing to Ulster county. He was a surveyor 
by profession; was an active member of the 
committees of vigilance and safety during the 
Revolution; and upon the adoption of the New 
York state constitution in 1777 he was elected a 
member of the assembly, and continued to serve 
in that body until 1791. He was a member of 
the state convention to decide upon the adoption 
of the U.S. constitution ; was a representative in 
the 2d congress, 1791-93, and was again a member 
of the New York assembly, 1795-96. He died in 
Shawangunk, Ulster county, N.Y., early in 1796. 
SCHOONMAKER, Cornelius Marius, naval 
ofticer, was born in Kingston, N.Y., Feb. 2, 1839; 
son of the Hon. Marius (q.v.) and Elizabeth Van 
Wyck (Westbrook) Schoonmaker. He was grad- 
uated from the U.S. Naval academy in 1859 ; was 
promoted passed midshipman, Jan. 19, 1861, and 
master, Feb. 23, 1861; and was ordered to the 
Minnesota, the flagship of Flag-Officer Stringham, 
of which he was appointed acting-master, and 
participated in the capture of Forts Hatteras and 
Clark. He was commissioned lieutenant, Aug. 
81, 1861, and appointed executive officer on the 
gun-boat Wyandotte, South Atlantic blockading 
squadron, being transferred to the Octorora, Oct. 
1, 1862, in Rear-Admiral Wilkes’s flying squadron, 
where he remained until February, 1864. He 
was later executive officer of the iron-clad Man- 
hattan, with which he participated in the battle 
of Mobile Bay and the destruction of Fort Morgan; 
executive officer of the U.S.S. Augusta and of 
the monitor Catskill successively until June, 1865, 
when he was ordered to the Juniata and 
joined the Brazil squadron. He was commis- 
sioned lieutenant-commander, Dec. 24, 1865: was 
detached from the Juniata in July, 1867, and was 
on duty first as navigator and later as executive 
officer of the U.S.S. Delaware. He was engaged 
in torpedo instruction at Newport, 1872; com- 
manded the Frolic, 1872-73 ; was promoted com- 


' captain, Oct. 7, 1886. 


SCHOONMAKER 


mander, Feb. 14, 1873; and in May, 1873, went on 
the Frolic to St. John’s, Newfoundland, and 
brought to Washington the survivors of the crew 
of the Polaris. He was on duty at the New York 
navy yard, 1873-74; inspector of the eighth light- 
house district, New Orleans, 1874-78 ; was in com- 
mand of the U.S.S. Nipsie, 1879-81, on which he 
executed a special mission for the government to 
South America; was 
at the Norfolk navy — 
yard, 1882-86, and 
was commissioned 


In February, 1888, he 
was ordered to Hon- 
olulu to take com- 
mand of the U.S.S. 
Vandalia, attached 
to the Pacific squad- 
ron. Upon the break- 








ing out of the 
troubles at Samoa he 
was ordered there 


with his vessel, which, 
with every other vessel in the harbor of Apia, 
was wrecked, and Captain Schoonmaker, with 4 
other officers and 39 men of the Vandalia, were 
drowned, during the cyclone of March 15, 1889. 
SCHOONMAKER, Marius, representative, was 
born in Kingston, N.Y., April 24, 1811; son of 
Zachariah, grandson of Cornelius C. (q.v.), and 


a descendant of Henry Schoonmaker, the im- | 


migrant, 1653. His father was a lawyer. He 
prepared for college at Kingston academy; was 


graduated from Yale in 1830, and was admitted — 


to the bar in 1833. He was married in 1887 to 
Elizabeth Van Wyck, eldest daughter of the Rev. 
Dr. Cornelius D. Westbrook, a clergyman of the 
Reformed Dutch church. Mrs. Schoonmaker 
died in December, 1887. In 1849 he was elected 
as a Whig to the state senate, and was chairman 
of the committee on claims; and at the extra 
session in 1850 he was chairman of the joint com- 
mittee on the revision of the code. He was a 
representative from the tenth New York district 
in the 382d congress, 1851-53 ; auditor of the canal 
department, 1854-55, resigning early in 1855 to 
accept the superintendency of the banking depart- 
ment; delegate to the state constitutional con- 
vention of 1867, and president of the board of 
directors of Kingston for several years. He was 
president of the board of trustees of Kingston 
academy, 1842-54, and of the Kingston board of 
education, 1863-72. During his service in the 
latter office the graded system of free schools was 
put into operation, 
History of Kingston from its First Settlement to 
the Year 1820 (1888). Hediedin Kingston, N.Y., 
Jan. 5, 1894. : 


[640] 


He compiled and prepareda 








SCHOTT 


SCHOTT, Charles Anthony, meteorologist, 
was born in Manheim, Baden, Germany, Aug. 7, 
1826. He was graduated at the Polytechnic 
school, Carlsruhe, C.E., 1847; came to the 
United States in 1848, and was employed in the 
U.S. coast and geodetic survey, being made as- 
sistant in 1850, and in 1855 chief of the comput- 
ing division, in which latter office he served 
until his death. He was a member of the gov- 
ernment expedition to Springfield, Illinois, to 
observe the total eclipse of the sun in August, 
1869, and to Catania, Sicily, in December, 1870; 
and a delegate to the International Conference 
on Terrestrial Magnetism at Bristol, England, in 
1898. He was married, first, June 6, 1854, to 
Theresa Gildermeister; and secondly, Sept. 28, 
1863, to Bertha Gildermeister. He was elected a 
member of the more important scientific societies 
of America, and of several foreign societies. He 
contributed to the annual reports of the U.S. 
coast and geodetic survey from 1854; and to the 
publications of the Smithsonian Institution, 
1858-85, his contributions to the latter being 
largely made up from observations in the Arctic 
seas by Kane and Hayes and meteorological ob- 
servations made in various parts of the United 
States. He received the Wilde prize of 4000 
francs from the Academy of France in 1899, for 
his investigations into the laws of terrestrial 
magnetism. He died in Washington, D.C., July 
31, 1901. 

SCHOULER, James, lawyer and _ historian, 
was born in Arlington, Mass., March 20, 1839; 
son of William and Frances (Warren) Schouler ; 
grandson of James and Margaret (Clark) 
Schouler and of Isaac and Frances (Wilkins) 
Warren. James 
Schouler, his grand- 
father, emigrated to 


the United States 
with his family in 
1816, from Kilbar- 


chan, a manufactur- 
ing town near Pais- 
ley, Scotland. On 
his mother’s side, his 
ancestors are of the 
Warren family and 
among the earliest 
English settlers in 
Massachusetts. His 
father (1814-72) was 
a journalist, and 
served five years in the general court of Mass- 
achusetts, one year in the senate, and four 
years in the house; was adjutant-general of 
Massachusetts, 1860-66; and the author of the 
“History of Massachusetts in the Civil War ” (2 
vols., 1868-71). James Schouler was graduated 





SCHOULER 


at Harvard in 1859, and after teaching for one 
year, studied law and was admitted to the Bos- 
ton bar in 1862. He served one year in the 
civil war as lieutenant the 43d Massachusetts 
volunteers, and on the Signal corps. He re- 
sumed his practice in Boston and in Washington, 
D.C., being admitted to practise in the U.S. 
supreme court in 1867. From 1885 to 1903 he 
was a lecturer and professor in the Boston Uni- 
versity Law school, and was a lecturer on 
American history in the Johns Hopkins university 
after 1891, and also visiting professor on the 
staff of the National University Law school at 
Washington, D.C. He was married in 1870 to 
Emily F., daughter of Asa F. and Mehitable 
(Fuller) Cochran, of Boston. He is the author 
of: The Law of Domestic Relations (1870); The 
Law of Personal Property (1873); The Law of 
Bailments (1880); The Law of Husband and 
Wife (1882) ; Law of Executors and Administra- 
tors (1883) ;- Law of Wills (1887); Life of 
Thomas Jefferson (1893); Historical Briefs (1897); 
History of the United States, 1783-1865 (6 vols., 
1880-1899), and the Life of Alexander Hamilton 
(1901). He received the degree of LL.D. from 
the National university, Washington, D.C., in 
1891, and from Johns Hopkins university, Balti- 
more, Md., Feb. 22, 1902. 

SCHOULER, John, naval officer, was born in 
Lowell, Mass., Nov. 30, 1846; son of William and 
Frances E. (Warren) Schouler, and brother of 
the historian, James Schouler. He was gradu- 
ated from the U.S. Naval academy, Annapolis, 
1864; served on the steam frigate Colorado, on 
the European station, 1865-66 ; 
sioned ensign, Nov. 1, 1866 ; promoted master, 
Dec. 1, 1866, and served on the steamer Frolic, 
1866-68 ; was promoted lieutenant, March 12, 
1868, and served on the sloop Portsmouth, 1868- 
70; and was promoted leutenant-commander, 
June 3, 1869. He was executive officer on the 
monitor Terror, 1871-72; was in the hydro- 
graphic office, 1872-73 ; was stationed at the 
Naval academy, 1873-76 ; and was on the prac- 
tice ship Constellation, 1874. He served on the 
Essex, 1876-79, at the Naval academy again, 
1880-84, on the Lancaster, 1884-85; 
moted commander, June, 1885; 
at the Naval academy, 1885-88, and commanded 
the training ship Portsmouth, 1889-91. He was 
on special duty in the bureau of navigation, 
1891-92 ; was a member of the examining and 
retiring board, 1893-95, and chief of staff, 
North Atlantic station, 1895-97 ; again served on 
special duty for the bureau of navigation, 1897- 
98; was promoted captain, June 5, 1898, and 
served on the examining and retiring boards, 
1898-99. He was retired with rank of rear-ad- 
miral in November, 1899. 


was commis- 


Was pro- 


was stationed 


[641] 


SCHRIVER 


SCHRIVER, Edmund, soldier, was born in 
York, Pa., Sept. 16,1812. He was graduated at 
the U.S. Military academy, and assigned to the 
2d artillery, July 1, 1833; served in Tennessee 
and Alabama, 1833-34; was assistant instructor 
in infantry tactics at the Academy, 1834-35 ; was 
promoted 2d lieutenant, July 31, 1884, and 1st 
lieutenant, Nov. 1, 1836; served in the adjutant- 
general’s office, 1835-39, and again, 1839-41, be- 
ing assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of 
captain, in 1839; and served in the Florida war 
in 1839. He was at the headquarters of the 
Department of the East, 1841-46; was promoted 
captain, Aug. 17, 1842; resigned from the army, 
July 31, 1846, and engaged in railroad enter- 
prises in New York, 1847-61. He served as aide- 
de-camp on the staff of Governor Morgan of 
New York, with the rank of colonel, April to 
July, 1861; was commissioned leutenant-colonel 
of the 11th U.S. infantry, May 14, 1861, and 
colonel, May 18, 1862; was chief of staff, Army 
of the Potomac, March 15, 1862 to January, 1863 ; 
took part in the occupation of Fredericksburg, Va. ; 
the Shenandoah campaign; the Northern Vir- 
ginia campaign, where he was chief of staff of 
the 3d corps, and engaged in the battle of Cedar 
Mountain, the passage of the Rappahannock, and 
the battle of Manassas. He was acting inspec- 
tor-general of the Army of the Potomac, January 
to March, 1863 ; was promoted inspector-general, 


U.S. army, March 13, 1863, and assigned to the — 


Army of the Potomac; and participated in the 
battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, the 
Mine Run expedition, the Richmond and Peters- 
burg campaign, and was brevetted brigadier- 
general, U.S.A., Aug. 1, 1864, for services in the 
field, and major-general, U.S.A., March 13, 1865, 
for services during the war. He was attached to 
the office of the secretary of war, 1866-72, hay- 
ing charge of the inspection bureau, 1866-69 and 
1871-76; was inspector of the U.S. Military 
academy, 1866-71, and on a tour of inspection in 
Texas, New Mexico, and Kansas, 1872-73 ; was 
inspector-general of the division of the Pacific, 
1876-81; a member of the retiring board at San 
Francisco, Cal., in 1877, and of the board to 
examine the case of Dr. William A. Hammond 
(q.v.), 1878-79; and was retired, Jan. 4, 1881, 
having served beyond the age limit. He died in 
Washington, D.C., Feb. 10, 1899. 

SCHROEDER, Seaton, naval officer, was born 
in Washington, D.C., Aug. 17, 1849; son of 
Francis and Caroline (Seaton) Schroeder; grand- 
son of Henry and Henrietta Maria (Gheguiere) 
Schroeder and of William Winston and Sarah 
(Gales) Seaton. He passed his boyhood in Europe; 
was appointed acting midshipman, Sept. 27, 1864; 
graduated from the U.S. Naval academy, 1868 ; 
promoted ensign April 19, 1869 ; master, July 12, 


SCHULTZ 


1870, and lieutenant, Oct. 29, 1872. Heserved as 
midshipman in the Saginaw and Pensacola on 
the Pacific station, and in the Benicia, Asiatic — 
squadron, 1869 to 1872, taking part in Admiral 
John Rodgers’s Corean expedition in 1871, and 
being mentioned for gallant conduct. He served 
in the Worcester, Canandaigua and Pinta in the 
North Atlantic squadron, 1872-74 ; in the Swatara 
around the world, 1874-75; and was on special 
duty in the Gettysburg in the Mediterranean, 
1876-78. He was married in January, 1879, to 
Maria, daughter of Richard and Sarah (Bache) 
Wainwright of Washington, D.C.. He was on 
leave of absence to take part in the removal of 
the obelisk from Egypt to New York, 1879-80 ; 
and on duty at intervals in the bydrographic 
office and the office of naval intelligence and the 
board of inspection and survey. He served in 
the Despatch an1 Albatross, 1882-85, and in com- 
mand of the Vesuvius, 1890-93. He was promoted 
lieutenant-commander, Sept. 27, 1893 ; assigned 
to the Massachusetts in December, 1896, and 
served on board that vessel during the Spanish- 
American war, 1898, being promoted commander, 
March 38,1899. In the spring of 1900 he was | 
appointed governor of the island of Guam, to 
succeed Capt. R. P. Leary, and returning in 1903 
was appointed chief naval intelligence officer, 
succeeding Capt. Charles D. Sigsbee. Heis the 
author of Fall of Maximilian’s Empire (1887), 
and in 1894 received a gold medal for an essay 
read before the U.S. Naval institute. 

SCHULTZ, Jackson Smith, merchant, was 
born in Hyde Park, N.Y., Nov. 9, 1815; son of 
Abraham and Mary (Smith) Schultz; grandson 
of John and Anna (Van Steenburg) Schultz, and 
of Maurice Smith ; great-grandson of Christian - 
Otto and Christina Margaret (Sharpstein) Schultz, 
who came from Germany before 1787. He 
worked at his father’s tannery, Middletown, Del- 
aware county, N.Y., 1824-27, and in his father’s. 
store, New York city, 1828-34; attended Gould 
Brown’s academy in New York city, during the 
winter months of 1828-34, and Waterville col- 
lege, Maine, 1834-36. He was connected with 
the leather business of his father and his unele, 
Morgan L. Smith, in New York city, 1836-37, 
and was a member of the firm of Young and 
Schultz, 1887-91. He was married first, Jan. 11, 
1887, to Catharine, daughter of Abner Chichester, 
and after her death in November, 1877, secondly, 
May 8, 1879, to Mary (Fay) Wells, daughter of 
the Rev. Dr. Fay, who survived him. He was 
a charter member of the Eclectic association, 
founded in 1837; a member of the Mercantile 
Library association; president of the board of 
health of New York city, and of the excise com- 
mission, 1866-77; and a member of the Union 
League club, 1861-91. He was a Hard Money, 


[642] 








. 











SCHUMAKER 


and subsequently a Free Soil, Democrat, and in 
1856 joined the Republican party. He was New 
York, and subsequently United States, commis- 
sioner to the Vienna exposition of 1873; director 
of the Park bank from its organization to 1880: 
one of the governors of the New York hospital 
and Bloomingdale asylum, 1860; member of the 
committee of seventy in exposing the Tweed 
conspiracy ; a member of the New York Hide 
and Leather club, and of the chamber of com- 
merce, 1865-91, and of the board of management 
of the Veteran Association of the Seventh Regi- 
ment of New York. He received the honorary 
degree of A.M. from Colby in 1867. He is 
the author of: Leather Manufacture in the 
United States. He died in New York city, 
March 1, 1891. His pall bearers, March 5, 1891, 
included: Abram S. Hewitt, Cyrus W. Field, 
L. G. B. Cannon, C. M. Depew, D. B. Eaton, 
Joseph H. Choate, George Bliss, T. C. Acton, 
Isaac H. Bailey, Charles S. Smith, H. E. Tremain, 
and other leading New York citizens. 

SCHUMAKER, John Godfrey, representative, 
was born in Claverack, N.Y., June 26, 1826; son 
of John M. and Maria (Vanderpoel) Schumaker ; 
grandson of John Godfrey and Anna Maria 
Schumaker and of Barent and Catharine Van- 
derpoel. His first maternal ancestor in America, 
Wynant Gerritse Van Der Poel, was born in 
Amsterdam, Holland, about 1620, and arrived in 
Beverwyck (now Albany) in 1654; he died in 1699. 
The first paternal ancester in America, Daniel 
Schumaker, came from the Palatine, Germany, 
Noy. 10. 1711. He attended the Lenox, Mass., 
academy, 1841, and was admitted to the bar in 
1847. He*was married, Aug. 2, 1852, to Caroline, 
daughter of Thomas and Mary Mills of London, 
England. He removed to Brooklyn in 1853, and 
three years later was elected district-attorney 
for Kings county. He wasa member of the 
state constitutional conventions, 1862, 1867 and 
1894; was corporation counsel for Brooklyn in 
1862 and in 1864, and was a delegate to the 
Democratic national convention of 1864. He 
was a Democratic representative in the 41st 
congress, 1869-71, and in the 43d and 44th con- 
gresses, 1873-77. In 1903 he was a resident of 
Brooklyn, N.Y., and was engaged in the practice 
of law in New York city. 

SCHUREMAN, James, senator, was born in 
New Brunswick, N.J., Feb. 12, 1756; son of John 
and Antje (de Riemer) Strycker Schureman ; 
and a grandson of Jacobus and Antje (Terhune) 
Schureman and of Isaac and Antje (Woertman) 
de Riemer. Jacobus Schureman came from 
Holland in 1717, and settled at Three Mile Run, 
N.J. James Schureman was graduated at 
Queen’s college, A.B., 1773, A.M., 1776 ; com- 
manded a volunteer company at the battle of 


SCHURMAN 


Long Island in 1775, and was commissioned 2d 
lieutenant, Colonel Neilson’s battalion of minute 
men, Jan. 10, 1776. He was 2d lieutenant in the 
Middlesex militia, and in 1777 was captured near 
New Brunswick, and imprisoned in the New 
York sugar house. He subsequently escaped 
with a companion by digging through the wall, 
and joined the army at Morristown, N.J. He 
was married, Jan, 28, 1778, to Eleanor, daughter 
of David and Eleanor Schuyler Williamson of 
Cranberry, N.J. He was a representative in the 
general assembly of New Jersey, 1783-85 and 
1788; a delegate to the convention at Annapolis, 
Md., in 1786, and to the Continental congress in 
1786 ; and was a Federalist representative from 
New Jersey in the 1st, 5th and 13th congresses, 
1789-91, 1797-99 and 1813-15. He was elected 
to the U.S. senate to succeed Franklin Davenport 
and complete the term of John Rutherford, re- 
signed, and after serving, 1799-1801, he resigned in 
1801, and was succeeded by Aaron Ogden, He 
was a member of the state council and senate, 
1808-12 ; mayor of New Brunswick, N.J.; anda 
trustee of Rutgers college for several years. He 
died in New Brunswick, N.J., Jan. 22, 1824. 
SCHURMAN, Jacob Gould, educator, was born 
in Freetown, Prince Edward Island, May 22, 
1854; sonof Robert and Lydia (Gouldrup) Sehur- 
man; grandson of Caleb and Mary (Lefurgey) 
Schurman and of Jacob and Charlotte (Davis) 
Gouldrup and a de- 
scendant of Jacobus 
Schureman, who 
came from Holland 
in 1717 to New Am- 
sterdam, and settled 
at Three Mile Run, 
N.J. His grand- 
father, Caleb Schur- 
man, was born in 
New Rochelle, N.Y., 
1782, and in 1784 was 
earried by his father, 
who belonged to the 
Tory party, to the 
British provinces. 
Jacob Gould Schur- 
man was brought up on his father’s farm; at- 
tended the common schools until 1867; clerked 
in a general store in the neighboring town of 
Summerside, 1867-69, where he attended the 
grammar school in 1869, and the following year 
entered Prince of Wales college, Charlottetown, 
having won the first government scholarship of 
$60. He completed the course in 1872; taught 
school for one year, and was a student in Acadia 
college, Nova Scotia, 1873-75. In the latter year 
he was awarded the Canadian Gilchrist annual 
scholarship of $500 for three years to be spent at 





[643] 


SCHURZ 


London or Edinburgh. He was graduated from 
the University of London, A.B., 1877, A.M., 1878, 
attending during his course James Martineau’s 
lectures on philosophy, and having won the uni- 
versity scholarship of $250 a year for three years’ 
study of that subject, continued his studies at the 
University of Edinburgh, being graduated, D.Sc., 
1878. While in Edinburgh he competed with 
sixty-four other students for the Hibbard travel- 
ing fellowship of $2000, open to all graduates of 
Great Britain. Asa result of the competition, 
two fellowships were established and awarded to 
young Schurman and his fellow-student, Andrew 
Seth. After studying two years in Heidelberg, 
Berlin and Germany, he returned to America, 
and was professor of English literature, political 
economy and psychology in Acadia college, 1880- 
82, and of metaphysics and English literature in 
Dalhousie college, Halifax, 1882-86. He was mar- 
ried, Oct. 1, 1884, to Barbara Forest, daughter of 
George and Catherine (Forest) Munro of New 
York city. He was Sage professor of philosophy 
at Cornell university, 1886-92; dean of the Sage 
school of philosophy, 1891-92; and in the latter 
year succeeded Charles Kendall Adams as presi- 
dent of the university. He was non-resident 
lecturer on ethics at the Leland Stanford, Jr., 
university, 1892; and delivered a course of lec- 
tures on “ Belief in God” at Andover Theolo- 
gical seminary in 1890. In January, 1899, Dr. 
Schurman was appointed a member of the Phil- 
ippine commission and served as chairman of 
the commission, spending nearly the entire year 
in the islands, and subsequently lecturing ex- 
tensively throughout the United States on the 
condition of the Philippines and the duty of the 
government toward advancing their educational 
and political welfare. He received the honor- 
ary degree of LL.D. from Columbia university 
in 1892; from Yale in 1901, and from Edinburgh 
university in 1902; was elected a fellow of the 
American Association for the Advancement of 
Science in 1895. He served as editor of the 
Philosophical Review, 1891-1903. He is the author 
of: Kantian Ethics and the Ethics of Evolution 
(1881); The Ethical Import of Darwinism (1887); 
Belief in God (1890); Agnosticism and Religion 
(1896); A Generation of Cornell (1898); Phtlip- 
pine Affairs: A Retrospect and Outlook (1902); 
and is joint-author of the Report of the Philip- 
pine Commission (1900). 

SCHURZ, Carl, diplomatist, was born in 
Liblar, near Cologne, Prussia, March 2, 1829; 
son of Christian and Marianne Schurz. He was 
educated in the gymnasium of Cologne; at- 
tended the University of Bonn, 1846-49, and in 
1848, in partnership with Gottfried Kinkel, pub- 
lished a liberal newspaper in Bonn. He was an 
active revolutionist, and being for this reason 


SCHURZ 


forced to leave the city, he joined the revolu- 

tionary army, in which he was made adjutant, 
and after the fall of Rastatt, he fled to Switzer- 
land. On Nov. 6, 1850, he returned to Germany 
and succeeded in liberating the poet, Gottfried 
Kinkel, who was im- 

prisoned at Spandau. 

He served as corre- 

spondent for German 

newspapers, residing ~ 
in Paris in 1851; and 

in ,1852 removed to 

London, where he 

taught school, and 

was married in July, 

1852, to Margaret, 

daughter of Heinrich 

Christian and Agathe 

Meyer of Hamburg, 

Germany. He came 

to the United States 

in 1852; resided in 

Philadelphia, Pa., 1852-55, and in 1855 removed to 
Watertown, Wis. He was defeated on the Repub- 
lican ticket for lieutenant-governor of Wisconsin, 
by E. D. Campbell of LaCrosse, and engaged in the 
practice of law in Milwaukee after 1858. He was 
a delegate to the Republican national convention 
of 1860, and U.S. minister to Spain in 1861, resign- — 
ing in December of that year to enter the U.S. vol- 
unteer army, and in which he was appointed 
brigadier-general in April, 1862. He com- 
manded the 38d division, 1st corps, Pope’s Army 
of Virginia, at second Bull Run, Aug. 16-Sept. 
2, 1862; was promoted major-general of volun- 
teers, March 14, 1868, and transferred to the 3d 
division, Gen. O. O. Howard’s 11th corps, in the 
campaigns of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and 
Chattanooga. At Gettysburg, on the first day, 
when, in consequence of the death of General 
Reynolds, Howard was put in command of the — 
field, Schurz commanded the 11th corps. He 
was chief of the staff to the Army of Georgia — 
under Gen. H. W. Slocum, at the surrender of 
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston’s army in 1865. The 
same year he was special commissioner, appointed — 
by President Johnson, to visit and report upon — 
the condition of the Southern states with a view 
to reconstruction. He was a Washington cor- 
respondent of the New York Tribune, 1865-66; — 
founded and edited The Post, Detroit, Mich., — 
1866, and edited the Westliche Post, St. Louis, — 
Mo., 1867. He wasa delegate to and temporary — 
chairman of the Republican national convention | 
of 1868, and his recommendation of a general 
amnesty plank in the platform was adopted. — 
While serving as U.S. senator from Missouri, — 
1869-75, he opposed some of the measures of ad- 
ministration, especially the annexation of Santo — 














ZL YY 
ZZ 
hs 






[644] 





Saar 








SCHUSSELE 


Domingo, and in 1872 organized the Liberal Re- 
publican party and presided over the national 
convention at Cincinnati, May 1, 1872, that 
nominated Horace Greeley for President. He 
favored the resumption of specie payment and 
the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the Southern 
states. He supported Rutherford B. Hayes for 
President in 1876; was secretary of the interior 
in Hayes’s cabinet, 1877-81; editor of the New 
York Evening Post, 1881-84; and a leader in the 
Independent Republican movement in 1884, 
when he supported Cleveland, the Democratic 
candidate for President. He visited Europe 
in 1888, where he was accorded the honors due 
an American citizen by Prince Bismarck and 
other German leaders. He was a member of the 
American Philosophical society and an honorary 
member of the Massachusetts Historical society ; 
and was president of the Civil Service Reform 
league, 1892-1901. The degree of LL.D. was 
conferred upon him by the University of Mis- 
souri, 1874, by Harvard, 1876, and by Columbia, 
1899. He isthe author of : Speeches (1865) ; Life 
of Henry Clay (1887) ; Abraham Lincoln: An 
Essay (1889). 

SCHUSSELE, Christian, painter, was born in 
Guebwiller, Alsace, April 16, 1824. He studied 
art in Paris, 1842-48, Adolphe Yvon and Paul 
Delaroche being his instructors, and he also 
learned the artof chromo-lithography. He came 
to the United States in 1848, where he first engaged 
as a lithographer, but subsequently as a painter. 
He suffered from palsy in his right hand from 
1863, which did not yield to treatment either in 
America or Europe. He was professor of draw- 
ing and painting in the Pennsylvania Academy 
of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, 1868-79. Several 
of his paintings were reproduced by eminent en- 
gravers and largely circulated. His works in- 
clude: Clear the Track (1851); Franklin before the 
Lords in Council (1856) ; Men of Progress (1857); 
Zeisberger preaching to the Indians (1859); The 
Tron Worker and King Solomon (1860) ; Wash- 
ington at Valley Forge (1862) ; Homeon Furlough 
(1863); McClellan at Antietam (1863); Queen 
Esther Denouncing Haman (1869), and The Alsa- 
tian Fair (1870). He diedin Merchantville, N.J., 
Aug. 20, 1879. 

SCHUYLER, Aaron, educator, was born in 
Seneca county, N.Y.. Feb. 7, 1828; son of John 
B. and Elizabeth (Turner) Schuyler; grandson 
of Arent Schuyler, and a descendant of Philip 
Schuyler (q.v.) through Arent and Casper Wil- 
liam Schuyler. He attended Seneca academy and 
the Ohio Wesleyan university ; was principal of 
Seneca academy, 1851-62; professor of mathe- 


matics at Baldwin university, Ohio, 1862-75 ; 


president of Baldwin university, 1873-85 ; and was 
elected professor of mathematics and mental 


SCHUYLER 


philosophy at Kansas Wesley an university in 1885. 
He was married, Nov. 13, 1851, to Amanda, daugh- 
ter of Giles and Content Pearce ; and secondly, 
July 29, 1886, to Mrs. Josephine Campbell of Bera, 
Ohio. The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred 
on him by Ohio Wesleyan university in 1860, and 
that of LL..D by Otterbein university in 1875. 
He is the author of: Higher Arithmetie (1860); 
Principles of Logie (1869); Complete Algebra 
(1870) ; Surveying and Navigation (1873); Ele- 
ments of Geometry (1876) ; Empirical and Rational 
Psychology (1882) ; Outlines of Psychology (1893) ; 
and Systems of Ethies (1902). 

SCHUYLER, Eugene, diplomatist, was born 
in Ithaca, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1840; son of George 
Washington and Matilda (Scribner) Schuyler. 
His father (1810-88) was state treasurer, 1863-65 ; 
superintendent of the banking department of 
New York, 1866-70, and a representative in the 
state legislature in 1878, Eugene was graduated 
from Yale college in 1859, and from the Columbia 
Law school in 1863; and practised law in Ithaca 
and in New York city until 1866. He was U.S. 
consul at Moscow, 1866-69 ; at Reval, 1869-70 ; and 
secretary of legation at St. Petersburg, 1870--73. 
While acting chargé d'affaires at St. Petersburg 
in 1873, he made a journey of eight months 
through Russian Turkestan, Bokhara, Khokand 
and Kuldja. He was secretary of legation and 
consul-general at Constantinople, 1876-78, and in 
this official capacity was sent to Bulgaria to inves- 
tigate the Turkish massacres, making an official 
report that was partly instrumental in putting 
an end to the outrages. He was married in 1877 
to Gertrude Wallace, daughter of Charles (q.v.), 
and Henrietta (Low) King. He was U.S. consul 
at Birmingham, England, 1878-79, and consul- 
general at Rome, Italy, 1879-1880; chargé d’af- 
faires and consul-general in Bucharest, 1880-82, 
and concluded the commercial and consular 
treaties between the United States and Roumania 
and Servia. He was U.S. minister resident, and 
consul-general to Greece, Servia and Roumania, 
1882-84, and after 1884 devoted himself to literary 
work. He was named by President Harrison for 
first assistant-secretary of state in March, 1889, 
but his name was not confirmed by the senate 
for political reasons. He was U.S. consul-general 
at Cairo, Egypt, 1889-90. He was a correspond- 
ing member of the Roumanian academy and of 
the London, Russian, Italian and American 
geographical societies, and received decorations 
from the governments of Russia, Greece, Servia, 
Roumaniaand Bulgaria. The honorary degree of 
Ph.D. was conferred on him by Yale in 1861, that 
of LL.B. by Columbia in 1863, and that of LL.D. 
by Williams in 1882, and by Yale in 1885. He 
edited John A. Porter’s ‘‘ Selections from the 
Kalerala’’ (1867); translated Ivan Turgenieff’s 


[645] 


SCHUYLER 


‘*Fathers and Sons” (1867) and Tolstoi’s ‘‘ The 
Cossacks, a tale of the Caucasus ” (1878), and is 
the author of: Turkestan: Notes of a Journey 
in Russian Turkestan, Khokand, Bokhara and 
Kuldja (1876); Peter the Great, Emperor of 
Russia (2 vols. 1884) ; and American Dipolmacy 
and the Furtherance of Commerce (1886) ; besides 
many articles in the leading American perio- 
dicals. He died in Cairo, Egypt, July 16, 1890. 

SCHUYLER, Montgomery, clergyman, was 
born in New York city, Jan. 9, 1814; son of 
Anthony Dey and Susan (Ridge) Schuyler, and a 
descendant of Arent, brother of Peter Schuyler. 
He attended Hobart college, and was graduated 
from Union college, Schenectady, N.Y., in 1834; 
studied law ; engaged in mercantile business, and 
was ordained deacon in 1840 and priest in 1841. 
He was rector of Trinity church, Marshall, Mich., 
1841-44; Grace church, Lyons, N.Y., 1844-45; 
St. John’s, Buffalo, N.Y., 1845-54; and Christ 
church cathedral, St. Louis, Mo., 1854-96. He 
was dean of the cathedral at the time of his 
death. He was president of the standing com- 
mittee of the diocese of Missouri, 1858-96, and was 
president of the diocesean conventions of 1868 
and 1886, that elected Bishops Robertson and 
Tuttle. In 1891, upon the fiftieth anniversary 
of his ordination, the Schuyler memorial house, 
an adjunct to Christ church cathedral, was 
founded. He was three times married: first, 
Sept. 7, 1836, to Sarah Sandford ; secondly, Oct. 
10, 1848, to Lydia Eliza Roosevelt, and thirdly, 
May 29. 1855, to Sophia Elizabeth Norton. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him 
by Hobart college in 1856. Heis the author of: 
The Church, its Ministry and Worship (1853) ; 
The Pioneer Church (1867) ; Historical Discourse 
of Christ Church, St. Louis (1870). He died in 
St. Louis, Mo., March 19, 1896. 

SCHUYLER, Montgomery, journalist, was 
born in Ithaca, N.Y., Aug. 19, 1848; son of the 
Rev. Anthony (1816-1900) and Eleanor (John- 
son) Schuyler; grandson of Peter and Caroline 
(Prother) Schuyler and of Ben and Jane (Dey) 
Johnson and a descendant of Philip Pieterse and 
Margaretta (van Schlectenhorst) Schuyler of 
Albany, both born in Holland. Their marriage 
(Dec. 12, 1650) was the first celebrated in Albany, 
N.Y. Anthony Schuyler was the rector of Christ 
church at Oswego, N.Y., 1852-62; Christ church, 
Rochester, N.Y., 1862-68 and Grace church, 
Orange, N.J., 1868-1900. He attended Hobart 
college in 1858; engaged in the newspaper busi- 
ness as a member of the staff of the New York 
World, 1854-83, and became a member of the 
editorial staff of the New York Times in 1883. 
He was married, Sept. 16, 1876, to Katherine 
Beeckman, daughter of Robert Dwight and Mary 
(Armour) Livingston of New York. He pub- 


SCHUYLER 


lished papers on architecture in the leading 
magazines, and is the author of: The Brooklyn 
Bridge (in conjunction with William C. Conant, 


1883), and Studies in American Architecture 
(1892). 
SCHUYLER, Peter, soldier, was born in 


Albany, N.Y., Sept. 17, 1657 ; son of Philip Pieter- 
sen and Margarita(Van Slichtenhorst) Schuyler, 
and grandson of Brant Arent Van Slichtenhorst, 
who immigrated to America in 1647, and was 
commissioned director of the Rensselaerwyck, 
president of the court of justice, and im-~ 
mediate manager of the whole estate of the Van 
Rensselaer family. Philip Pietersen Schuyler 
emigrated from Amsterdam, Holland, in 1650, 
and died at Albany, N.Y., March 9, 1684. Peter 
was appointed justice of the peace in 1685, and 
upon the incorporation of Albany as a city he 
was sent to New York in company with Robert 
Livingston to procure the charter, under which he 
was appointed first mayor of the city in 1686, 
serving till 1694. He was commissioned lieu- 
tenant of state militia in March, 1688, became 
commander of militia in the northern depart- 
ment of New York, and was given command of 
the fort at Albany, where he successfully re- 
sisted the attack upon the fort made by Milborne. 
In June, 1700, he led a small force into Canada 
and penetrated to Laprairie, and after several 
skirmishes with the French and Indians, returned 
to Albany. He wasa member of the New York 
assembly, 1701-03. In 1710 he went to England P 
with five chiefs of the Five Nations, for the pur- 
pose of impressing them with the greatness of 
the English nation. He was appointed a mem- 
ber of the King’s council in New York in 
1714; served for a time as president of the 
council, and during the absence of Peter Burnet, 
served as acting governor, 1719-20. He was 
commissioner of Indian affairs, obtaining great 
influence over the Five Nations. He was twice 
married ; first, in 1681, to Elizabeth Van Schaick, 
and secondly to Maria Van Rensselaer. He died 
in Albany, N.Y., Feb. 19, 1724. 

SCHUYLER, Peter, soldier, was born at New- 
ark, N.J.. in 1710; son of Arent Schuyler, He 
was authorized by the colonial government to 
recruit men in New Jersey for the proposed in- 
vasion of Canada; was commissioned colonel, 
Sept. 7, 1746, and although the expedition was 
abandoned he commanded his regiment, the 
** Jersey Blues,” at Fort Clinton, Saratoga, N.Y., 
until 1747, when he was forced to leave the post 
on account of scarcity of provisions. In 1748 he 
returned to New Jersey, and in 1754 was stationed 
at Oswego, where he was taken prisoner with 
half his regiment by General Montcalm, and 
was imprisoned at Montreal and Quebec, until 
Oct., 1757, when he ‘was released on parole. In 


[646] 











































generals of the Continental 


SCHUYLER 


1759 he joined Gen. Jeffrey Amherst’s army, and 
served until the conquest of Canada. He died 
at Peterborough (Newark), N.J., March 7, 1762. 
SCHUYLER, Philip (John), soldier, was born 
in Albany, N.Y., Nov. 20. 1733; second son of 
John and Cornelia (Van Cortland) Schuyler ; 
grandson of Capt. John and Elizabeth (Sloats) 
Wendell Schuyler and of Stephen Van Cortland, 
and great?-grandson 
of Philip Pietersen 
and Margarita (Van 
Slichtenhorst) Schuy- 
ler. Philip inherited 
his father’s vast es- 
tate, and the Sara- 
toga estate of Col. 
Philip Schuyler. He 
attended the schools 
of Albany and studied 
under a private tutor 
at New Rochelle, 
N.Y. In 1755 he re- 
cruited a company in 
Albany,and was com- 
missioned captain, 
June 14, 1755. He served under Gen. Phineas 
Lyman in the battle of Lake George, Sept. 8, 
1755; was stationed at Fort Edward, 1755-56, 
and was appointed a commissary in the army in 
1755. He was chief commissary to Col. John 
Bradstreet in the spring of 1756, and accompanied 
that general to Oswego, N.Y., to provision the 
fort there, taking part in the action with the 
French and Indians near the fort. He resigned 
from the British army in 1757, and in 1758 re- 
joined General Bradstreet as commissary with 
therank of major. In 1758 he was sent to England 
as Bradstreet’s agent to settle the colonial claims, 
and on his return in 1763, engaged in the lumber 
business at Saratoga. He also built the first flax 
mill in America, for which he received a medal 
of the Society for Promoting Arts. He was a 





boundary commissioner to settle the line between 


New York and Massachusetts in 1764, and later 
served on the commission that settled the New 
Hampshire boundary. He was a representative 
in the colonial assembly in 1768 ; and nominated 
Edmund Burke (q.v.) as agent in England for the 
colony. He wasa delegate to the Continental 
congress, 1775-77, and served with George Wash- 
ington on the committee to draw up rules and 
regulations for the Continental army. On June 
19, 1775, he was appointed one of the four major- 
army, and was 
assigned to the command of the northern depart- 
ment of New York, with headquarters at Albany. 
He began the organization of an army for the 


invasion of Canada, but after going with the army 
_ so far as Lake Champlain, and placing Ticon- 


SCHWAB 


deroga in a state of defence, he relinquished his 
command to Gen. Richard Montgomery (q.v.), 
his lieutenant, and returning to Albany continued 
his work of raising troops. In 1776 he led the 
expedition to Johnstown and seized the military 
stores collected by Sir John Johnston. He was 
opposed to the expedition to Canada, and came 
in conflict with Gen. Horatio Gates, who was in 
command of the army in Canada. On Sept. 14, 
1776, he formally offered his resignation, which 
Was not accepted, and President Hancock of the 
Continental congress requested his continuance 
in command. He was appointed chief of the 
militia in the state of Pennsylvania in 1777. He 
was returned to his command of the northern de- 
partment of New Yorkin June, 1777. Burgoyne’s 
advance from Canada caused the evacuation of 
Ticonderoga by Gen. Arthur St. Clair, July 4, 
777, but at Bennington a great victory had been 
won by the Patriot army. On Aug. 19, 1771, 
Gates was selected to command the army, and a 
court-martial was held to investigate charges 
made against Schuyler to the effect that he was 
guilty of neglect of duty in allowing the capture 
of Ticonderoga. The court found him not guilty 
and acquitted him with the highest honor. He 
was again a delegate to the Continental congress, 
1778-81 ; resigned from the army, April 19, 1779, 
and was chosen to confer with Washington on 
the state of the department of the south. He 
was state senator from the western district of 
New York, 1780-84, 1786-90 and 1792-97. In 
1781 he withdrew from military service and re- 
turned to Albany. He was chairman of the 
board of commissioners for Indian affairs; was 
appointed state surveyor-general in 1782, and was 
a member of the council of appointment of New 
York. He was chosen one of the first U.S. sen- 
ators from New York in 1789, and drew the short 
term expiring, March 38, 1791, when he was suc- 
ceeded by Aaron Burr. He was deeply interested 
in the question of a canal system connecting the 
Hudson river with Lake Champlain, and later 
advocated a canal between the Hudson and Lake 
Erie. He was married, Sept. 17, 1755, to Cath- 
arine, daughter of John Van Rensselaer. She 
died, March, 7, 1803. General Schuyler died at 
Albany, N.Y., Nov. 18, 1804, and was buried 
with military honors. In 1871 a Doric column of 
Quincy granite was erected to his memory. 
SCHWAB, John Christopher, political econ- 
omist, was born in New York city, April 1, 1865 ; 
son of Gustav and Catherine Elizabeth (von Post) 
Schwab; grandson of Gustay and Sophie (Gme- 
lin) Schwab and of Lawrence Henry and Hen- 
rietta M. (Meier) von Post, and a descendant of 
John Christopher Schwab, German philosopher 
and statesman, and of Conrad Weiser, Henry 
Melchior Muhlenberg and John Christopher 


[647] 


SCHWAN 


Kunze, missionaries and theologians in Philadel- 
phia and New York. He was graduated from 
Yale. A.B., 1886; A.M., 1888 ; wasa post-graduate 
at Yale, 1886-87; at Berlin university, 1887-88, 
and at Géttingen university, 1887-89, receiving 
from Gottingen the degree of Ph.D., 1889. He 
was married, Oct. 5, 1893, to Edith A., daughter 
of Samuel S, and Aurelia S. (Crossette) Fisher of 
Cincinnati. He was assistant professor of poli- 
tical economy at Yale, 1893-98, and in the latter 
year was promoted professor of the same. He 
was elected a member of the American and 
British Economical associations, and is the author 
of : ‘‘ History of New York Property Tax,” in the 
Proceedings of the American Economical Associa- 
tion (vol. V., 1890); Revolutionary History of 
Fort Number Hight, New Haven (1897); The Con- 
federate States of America (1901); and articles on 
the ‘‘ History of the Confederate States,” in the 
Political Science Quarterly (1897). He also con- 
tributed editorials to the Yale Review, 1892-1903, 
and in 1898 a set of statistics dealing with the 
vocations of Yale graduates, 1800-93. 

SCHWAN, Theodore, soldier, was born 
in Hanover, Germany, July 9, 1841; son of 
the Rev. H. C. Schwan. He attended the gym- 
nasium at Stade, and came to the United States 
in 1857. He enlisted in the U.S. army as private 
in the 10th infantry, and was advanced to the 
position of quartermaster-sergeant and served 
in the Utah expedition, 1857-58, proceeding from 
the winter camp at Fort Bridger, where the army 
suffered great hardships, to the Salt Lake Valley 
in the spring of 1858. His regiment was ordered 
east in 1862, and he was promoted 2d leutenant, 
Oct. 31, 1863, and 1st lieutenant, April 9, 1864. 
His services in the Army of the Potomac included 
the Chancellorsville and Gettysburg campaigns, 
and Grant’s operations in the Wilderness and at 
Petersburg. He commanded his regiment at the 
battle of Spring Church and Chapel House, Sep- 
. tember—-October, 1864. He was brevetted captain, 
Dec. 1, 1864, for Chapel House and awarded a 
gold medal of honor for most distinguished gal- 
lantry in action at Preble’s Farm, Va., in dragging, 
at the imminent risk of his own life,a wounded 
and helpless officer to the rear, thus saving him 
from death. He was promoted captain, U.8.A., 
March 14, 1866, and brevetted major, March 2, 
1867, for gallant and meritorious services during 
the civil war; served in Minnesota, Texas and 
Dakota, 1866-86, and was instructor at the Fort 
Leavenworth School of Application. He was 
promoted major and assistant-adjutant-general, 
July 6, 1886 ; lieutenant-colonel, Feb. 19, 1895 ; col- 
onel,May 18, 1898, and at the beginning of the Span- 
ish war, was appointed brigadier-general of volun- 
teers, May 9, 1898, in command of the 1st division, 
4th army corps. He was in camp near Mobile, 


SCHWATKA 


Ala., June 4-July 20, 1898, and at Miami, Fla., 
to July 1, 1898, and commanded his regular 
brigade, 2d division, 4th army corps, at Tampa, 
Fia., to July 23, and at Ponce, Porto Rico, July 
31,1898. He engaged the Spanish troops at 
Homiguero, Aug. 8, and at the crossing of the 
Rio Tietro, Aug. 18, the last engagement in the war 
with Spain, for which he received from General 
Miles the message : ‘‘ Commanding General sends 
congratulations and thanks. He relies implicitly 
on your skill, good judgment and generalship.” 
He was chief of staff to the commanding general, 
8th army corps, and principal assistant to the 
military governor of the Philippine Islands, Aug. 
10, 1899-April 15, 1900. He commanded an ex- 
pedition (Oct. 7-17, 1899) instructed to destroy or 
scatter insurgent forces in Cavite province. 
Concerning the results accomplished, General 
Lawton reported: ‘‘ In the exercise of good judg- 
ment, perseverance and energy General Schwan 
has successfully conducted his expedition, through 
a country almost impassable for an army at the 
most favorable period, during the rainy season 
upon which the enemy depended for their safety; 
and I recommend that for personal gallantry dis- 
played on this occasion, and for the successful 
conduct of this difficult expedition he be awarded 
a brevet in the regular army.” With an army 
of 4000 men of all arms he conducted an expedi- 
tion to clear the Cavite, Batangas, Laguna and 
Tayabas provinces of insurgents, accomplishing 
the purpose between Jan. 3, and Feb. 8, 1900, and 
permanently occupying twenty-one towns. He 
was appointed brigadier-general, U.S.A., Feb. 2, 
1901, and was retired from active service, Feb. 
21, 1901. 

SCHWATKA, Frederick, explorer, was born 
in Galena, Ill., Sept. 29, 1849. He removed to 
Oregon with his parents in 1853, attended Wil- 
lamette university at 
Salem, Ore., worked 
as a printer, and in 
1867 entered the U.S. 
Military academy. 
He was graduated 
and commissioned 2d 
lieutenant in the 3d 
cavalry, June 12, 
1871; was admitted 
to the bar, May 5, 
1875, and was gradu- 
ated from Bellevue 
Hospital Medical col- 
lege in 1876. He 
participated in the 
actions at Tongue 
River Heights, June 9, 1876; Rose Bud Hills, 
June 17, 1876, and Slim Buttes, Sept. 9, 1876. 
Schwatka heard from Thomas F. Barry, a captain 





[648] 








+ 


we 





SCHWATKA 


of a whaling vessel, an account of some utensils 
he had seen in Alaska, that might have belonged 
to Franklin’s ill-fated expedition, and obtaining 
a leave of absence, he organized the American 
Franklin search party, June 19, 1878, with Will- 
iam Henry Gilder (q.v.) as second officer. They 
sailed, June 19, 1878, on the Eothen, disembarked 
at King William Land and visited the district 
. mentioned by Captain Barry. The entire party 
| 2 consisted of four white men and about twenty 
. Eskimos. They found cairns in which were 
deposited papers and other property of the 
Franklin expedition ; and also found the skeletons 
of many of the party, all of which they buried. 
They discovered the grave of Lieut. John Irving, 
and records showing that Franklin died, June 7, 
1847, in his attempt to return south. Schwatka 
made the longest sledge journey ever known, 
traveling 3250 miles in eleven months and 
twenty days; encountered exceedingly cold 
_ weather, and supported his party by forage. He 
returned to the United States, Sept. 22, 1880. He 
had been promoted 1st lieutenant, March 20, 1879; 
from October, 1881. until May, 1883, was aide-de- 
camp on Brig.-Gen. Nelson A. Miles’s staff, and 
Jan, 31, 1884, resigned his commission. In 1883 
he took command of the Alaskan exploring ex- 
pedition, sent out by General Miles. This party, 
consisting of seven white men, landed at Chilkat 
inlet, and with native hunters crossed the Alaskan 
-- coast range of mountains, and traveled to the 
- head of the Yukon river. Here a large raft was 
constructed, and the party drifted down the river 
for two months, mapping, surveying and exam- 
ining this unknowncountry. In1886 Lieutenant 
 Schwatka, under the patronage of Mr. George 
Jones of the New York Times, explored the region 
among the northern spurs of the St. Elias Alps of 
Alaska. <A large river he discovered running 
_ through the deep glaciers, he named the Jones 
river, and a glacier covering 1000 square miles 
he called the Agassiz glacier. He also discovered 
é' and named Guyot and Tyndall glaciers. In 1889 
Schwatka led an expedition into the northern 
part of Mexico. Here he found a branch of the 
-Tarahumari tribe, living in cliffs and caves in 
the backbone ridge of the Sierra Madre, between 
Sonora and Chihuahua. The results of this ex- 
‘pedition were so interesting that in 1889 he made 
another trip to the same locality and brought a 
number of these aborigines to the United States, 
where he used them to illustrate his lectures, 
Lieutenant Schwatka was made an_ honorary 
member of the Bremen Geographical society, of 







































ig member of the Royal Italian Geographical 
ciety. He received the Roquette Arctic medal 
om the Paris Geographical society and a medal 
m the Imperial Geographical Society of Russia. 


SCHWEINITZ 


He is the author of : Along Alaska’s Great River 
(1885); Nimrod in the North. or Hunting and 
Fishing in the Arctic Regions (1885); The Child- 
ren of the Cold (1886). He died in Portland, 
Ore., Nov. 2, 1892, 

SCHWEBACH, James, R.C, bishop, was born 
at Platen, Luxemburg, Aug. 15, 1847; son of 
Nicholas and Margaret (Busch) Schwebach. He 
studied under private teachers three years, then 
at the College of Diekirch two years and in 1864 
came to the United States and settled in Wiscon- 
sin. He attended the Seminary of St. Francis 
near Milwaukee, finishing there his classical 
studies, philosophy and theology. In 1869, not 
having reached the canonical age for ordination, 
he went to LaCrosse to Bishop Heiss, and was there 
ordained deacon. He was ordained priest, June 
16, 1870, at St. Paul’s Cathedral, by Bishop T. L. 
Grace. He was pastor of St. Mary’s church, 
LaCrosse, Wis., 1870-92; vicar-general of the 
diocese, 1882-92, and on the death of Bishop 
Flasche, Aug. 3, 1891, became administrator of 
the diocese, and in the same year was appointed 
his suceessor, and was consecrated, Feb. 25, 1892, 
by Archbishop Katzer, assisted by Bishops Jans- 
sen and Cotter. 

SCHWEINITZ, Edmund Alexander von, 
Moravian bishop, was born in Bethlehem, Pa., 
March 20, 1825; son of Lewis David and Amelia 
Louise (Le Doux) Schweinitz. He was 
graduated from the Moravian Theological sem- 
inary, Bethlehem, Pa., in 1844; completed his 
education in the University of Berlin, and ~was 
ordained to the ministry in 1850. He was pastor 
of churches at Lebanon, Philadelphia, Lititz and 
Bethlehem, Pa., 1850-70; was a delegate to the 
General Synod at Herrnhut, Saxony, in 1857, and 
its president in 1879, and president of the Mora- 
vian Theological seminary, 1867-84. He was 
consecrated a bishop of the Moravian church at 
Bethlehem, Aug. 28, 1870, and at the time of his 
death was presiding bishop of the northern dis- 
trict of the Moravian church. He received the 
honorary degree of S.T.D. from Columbia college 
in 1871. He was married in 1850 to Lydia von 
Tschirschky of Saxony, and in 1868, to Isabel 
Allison Boggs of Greencastle, Pa. He founded 
and edited The Moravian, 1856-66; and is the 
author of: The Moravian Manual (1859); The 
Moravian Episcopate (1865); The Life and Times 
of David Zeisberger (1870); Some of the Fathers 
of the American Moravian Church-(1881); Unitas 
Fratrum (1885), and History of the Renewed 
Unitas Fratrum (MS.). He died in Bethlehem, 
Pa., Dec. 18, 1887. 

SCHWEINITZ, Emii Adolphus de, Moravian 
bishop, was born in Bethlehem, Pa., in October, 
1816; son of Lewis David von Schweinitz (q.v.). 
He was married to Sophia, daughter of Bishop 


von 


[649] 


SCHWEINITZ 


John G. Hermann. He was’ prominent in the 
management of Moravian church affairs, espe- 
cially in the south, and was for forty years di- 
rector of the affairs of the Province and Bishop of 
the Southern Moravian church, with headquar- 
ters at Salem, N.C. He was prominent in the 
forwarding of educational interests, especially in 
connection with the Moravian church, and deeply 
interested in building it up in North Carolina. 
His only son was Emil Alexander de Schweinitz 
(q.v.). Bishop Schweinitz died in 1879. 

SCHWEINITZ, Emil Alexander de, bacteri- 
ologist and chemist, was born in Salem, N. C., 
Jan. 18, 1866; son of Bishop Emil Adolphus de 
Schweinitz (q.v.) and Sophia Amelia (Hermann) 
de Schweinitz. He attended Salem schools, Naz- 
areth Hall and the Moravian College at Bethle- 
hem, Pa., was graduated from the University of 
North Carolina, A.B., 1882, Ph.D., 1884, from 
G6ttingen university, Germany, Ph.D., 1886, and 
from Columbian university, Washington, D. C., 
M.D., 1894. He was in 1890 made director of the 
Biochemic Laboratory of the department of agri- 
culture. He was appointed in 1894 professor 
of chemistry in Columbian University Medical 
school and became dean of the faculty. He was 
president of the Washington Chemical society in 
1896 ; a member of numerous American and for- 
eign bacteriological, medical and chemical socie- 
ties; was the U.S. delegate to the fourth Inter- 
national Congress on Tuberculosis at Paris in 
1898 and at Berlin in 1899, and was U.S. delegate 
to the International Medical Congress and Con- 
gress for Hygiene at Paris, 1900. Heisthe author 
of numerous reports, monographs and articles, 
among which are: The Production of Immunity 
to Swine Plague by Use of the Products of the 
Germ (1891); The Composition of Osage Orange 
Leaves and Adaptability as Siulk-Worm Food 
(1891); The Use of Mullein and its Active Princi- 
ples (1892); A Preliminary Study of the Poisons 
of the Tuberculosis Bacillus and the Practical 
Value and Use of Tubereulin (1892); Artificial 
Media for Bacterial Cultures (1893); The Effect 
of Tuberculin on the Milk of Cows (1894); The 
Production of Artificial Immunity to Tuberculo- 
sis in Small Animals by Attenuated Bacilli (1894); 
The Chemical Composition of the Tuberculosis and 
Glanders Bacilli (1895); A Hygienic Study of 
Oleomargarine (1896); Serum for the Treatment 
of Tuberculosis (1896); Warwith Microbes (1897); 
The Interconmunicability of Bovine and Human 
Tuberculosis (1901); Further Studies in Tuber- 
culosis (1902), etc., ete. 

CHWEINITZ, Lewis David von, Moravian 
minister and botanist, was born in Bethlehem, 
Pa., Feb. 13, 1780; son of Rev. Hans Christian 
Alexander von Schweinitz, anative of Silesia, and 
a prominent member of the Unitas Fratrum, or 


SCOFIELD 


Moravian Church, and of Anna Dorothea Eliza- 
beth von Schweinitz, by birth Baroness von 
Watteville, and granddaughter of Count Zinzen- 
dorf. Lewis David von Schweinitz’was educated 
in the classical and theological schools of Ger- 
many, and on May 24, 1812, was married to 
Louise Amelia Le Doux, a descendant of Hugue- 
nots who had left France during the persecution. 
Returning to the United States soon after his 
marriage, he held many important positions in 
the Moravian church. Jn 1816 he was elected 
president of the University of North Carolina, 
but declined to accept the position. Throughout 
life he devoted his leisure time to botanical re- 
search, and added 1400 new species to the list of 
American flora, more than 1200 being fungi. 
His private herbarium, the largest in America, 
he bequeathed to the Academy of Natural 
Sciences, of which he was a member. He was 
also a member of the American Philosophical 
society, corresponding member of the Linnean 
society of Paris, and of, the Society of Natural 
Sciences of Leipzig. The University of Kiel, Den- 
mark, conferred on him the honorary degree of 
Ph.D., and the botanist Elliot nameda new genus 
of plants in his honor. He wrote ten botanical 
treatises, monographs and other works, chiefly in 
Latin, among them being : Conspectus Fungorum 
Lusatice (1805) ; Synopsis Fungorus Caroline Su- 
perioris, edited by Dr. Schwaegricheu (1818) ; 
Specimen Flore Americcee Septentrionalis Crypto- 
gamice (1821) ; Monograph of the Linnean Genus 
Viola (1821) ; Catalogue of Plants collected in the 
North Western Territory by Say (1824) ; Mono- 
graph of the American Species of the Genus Carex 
(1825) ; Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali 
Media Degentium (1882). A memoir was pub- 
lished in 1835 by the Academy of Natural Sciences, 
and a brief account of his life and work appeared 
in the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific 
society, University of North Carolina, in 1886. 
He died in Bethlehem, Pa., Feb. 8. 1834. 

SCIDMORE, Eliza Ruhamah, author, was 
born in Madison, Wis., Oct. 14, 1856. She was 
educated in private schools, and officiated as cor- 
responding and foreign secretary of the National 
Geographic society, 1890-1903. Her publications 
include: Alaska, The Southern Coast and the 
Sitkan Archipelago (1885); Jinrikisha Days in 
Japan (1890); Westward to the Far East; From 
East to West; Guide to Alaska (1890; 2d ed., 
1898); Java, the Garden of the East (1897); China, 
the Long-Lived Empire (1909); Winter India 
(1908). 

SCOFIELD, Edward, governor of Wisconsin, 
was born at Clearfield, Pa., March 28, 1842. He 
attended the district school, worked in printing 
offices, 1855-61; enlisted as a private in the 11th 
Pennsylvania regiment in 1861, and rose to the 


[650] 








SCOFIELD 




















































rank of major. He was captured by the Confed- 
erate army in May, 1864, and was a prisoner until 
March, 1865, and on reaching Washington he was 
honorably discharged and returned to his home 
in Pennsylvania. He was a railroad surveyor, 
: 1865-68 ; foreman of a lumber mill at Oconto, 
‘ Wis., 1868-76, and in 1876 became a lumber man- 

ufacturer in that place. He was a Republican 

member of the state senate, 1887 and 1889; was 

elected governor in 1896 and re-elected in 1898 

over Hiram W. Sawyer, Democrat, by 37,802 

plurality, his term expiring January, 1900. 

SCOFIELD, Glenni William, jurist, was born 

at Dewittville, Chatauqua county, N.Y., March 11, 

1817. He was apprenticed to a printer, 1831-36; 

was graduated from Hamilton college in 1840; 

taught school, and studied law until 1842, 

when he began the practice of law in Warren, 

Pa. He was district attorney for his district, 

1846-48 ; a representative in the Pennsylvania 

legislature, 1850-51, and a member of the state 

senate, 1857-59. Governor Curtin appointed him 
president judge of the eighteenth judicial dis- 
trict in 1861. He was a representative from 

Pennsylvania in the 38th-43rd congresses, 1863-75, 

being one of the three representatives at large from 
_ Pennsylvania in the 43d congress, and was chair- 

man of the committee on naval affairs. He was 
register of the U.S. treasury, 1878-81, and associ- 
ate justice of the U.S. court of claims, 1881-91. 
He received from Hamilton college the honorary 
degree of LL.D. in 1884. He died at Warren, 
Pa., Aug. 31, 1891. 

SCOLLARD, Clinton, author, was born in 
Clinton, N.Y., Sept. 18, 1860; son of James Isaac 
and Elizabeth (Stephens) Scollard ; grandson of 
William Ross and Hannah (Sennett) Scollard and 
of John Davison and Abby (Crombie) Stephens. 
He was graduated at Hamilton college in 1881, 
and studied two years at Harvard and several 
months at Cambridge, England, visiting, while 
abroad, Greece. Egypt and Palestine, and re- 
turning in 1837. He was assistant professor 
of rhetoric and literature in Hamilton col- 

lege, 1888-91, and professor of English litera- 
* ture and Anglo-Saxon, 1891-96. He was mar- 
ried, July 3, 1890, to Georgia, daughter of George 
- Densmore and Celestia (Scollard) Brown of 
5 Jackson, Mich. He is the author of: Pictures 
in Song (1884); With Reed and Lyre (1886) ; Old 
and New World Lyries (1888) ; Giovio and Giulia 
(1891); Songs of Sunrise Lands (1892); Under 
_ Summer Skies (1892) ; On Sunny Shores (1898) ; 
The Hills of Song (1895); Boy’s Book of Rhyme 
(1896); Skenandoa (1896); A Christmas Garland 
(1897) ; A Man at Arms (1898) ; Lawton (1900) ; 
Son of a Tory (1900); The Lutes of Morn (1901); 
A Knight of the Highway (1901): The Cloistering 


SCOTT 


SCOTT, Abram M., governor of Mississippi, 
was born in South Carolina. He removed to 
Mississippi Territory, when a young man ; com- 
manded a company in a regiment called 
out by Governor Holmes in 1811, to punish the 
Indians for the massacre at Fort Mims, in what 
is now Alabama, and subsequently settled in 
Wilkinson county, which he represented in the 
state constitutional convention of 1817. He re- 
presented Wilkinson county in the state legisla- 
ture for several terms; was elected lieutenant- 
governor of the state on the ticket with Gerard C. 
Brandon for governor, serving, 1827-31; and was 
governor of Mississippi from January, 1832, until 
his death at Natchez, Miss., in November, 1833. 

SCOTT, Austin, educator, was born in Maumee, 
Ohio, Aug. 10, 1848; son of J. Austin and Sarah 
(Ranney) Scott; grandson of Jere and Amelia 
(Wakeman) Scott and of Reuben and Elizabeth 
(Gibbons) Ranney. He removed with his parents 
to Toledo, Ohio, in 
1859; attended the 
public schools; was 
graduated from Yale, 
A.B., 1869, editing 
the College Courant ; 
was a post-graduate 
student at the Uni- 
versity of Michigan, 
1869-70, receiving the 
degree of A.M., and 
continued his studies 
at the universities 
of Leipzig and Ber- 
lin, 1870-73. While 
abroad he was private 
secretary to George 
Bancroft, U.S. minister, was 
made bearer of dispatches from the emperor 
of Germany to the state department, Washington, 
relative to the northwestern boundary agitation. 
He was an instructor in German at the Univer- 
sity of Michigan, 1873-75; an associate in history 
at Johns Hopkins university, 1875-81, establish- 
ing there the Seminary of American History, and 
at the same time occupied in collecting materials 
for Bancroft’s ‘‘ History of the Constitution of 
the United States.” He was married, Feb. 21, 
1882. to Anna Prentiss, daughter of Jonathan 
French and Anna (Prentiss) Stearns of Newark, 
N.J. He was acting professor of history in Rut- 
gers college. New Brunswick, N.J., 1888 ; Voor- 
hees professor of history, political economy and 
constitutional law, 1883-90, and on Nov. 25, 1890, 
was elected to the presidency of the college. He 
received the degree of Ph.D. from Leipzig in 1873, 
and that of LL. D. from Princeton in 1891. He is 
the author of New Jersey (1903), in American Com- 
monwealths series, and contributions to reviews. 





and meantime 


[651] ‘ 


SCOTT 


SCOTT, Charles, governor of Kentucky, was 
born in Cumberland county, Va., in 1733. He 
served under General Braddock in 1755. In 1775 


he raised and commanded the first company of 


patriots south of the James river; was commis- 
sioned colonel of the 8d Virginia battalion, Aug. 
12, 1776; was promoted brigadier-general, April 
2, 1777, and served with the army in New Jersey, 
1777-79, and under Gen. Anthony Wayne at Stony 
Point in 1779. He was taken prisoner at Charles- 
ton in 1780 and confined until near the end of the 
war. He removed to Woodford county, Ky., in 
1785 ; commanded troops in the Indian outbreaks 
of 1791-94, and the battle of Fallen Timbers. He 
was governor of Kentucky, (808-12, and a town 
and county in that state were named in his honor. 
He died in Kentucky, Oct. 22, 1813. 

SCOTT, Charles, jurist, was born in Knox- 
ville, Tenn., Nov. 12, 1811; son of Edmond and 
Sarah (Corde) Scott; grandson of Major Joseph 
Scott, and a descendant of the celebrated Scott 
family of Virginia. Major Joseph Scott was a 
soldier in the Continental army during the Re- 
volution, and after the close of the war was 
appointed U.S. marshal of Virginia, by Presi- 
dent Jefferson. Edmond Scott was a prominent 
lawyer of Tennessee, and judge of the state cir 
cuit court, 1815-46. Charles Scott established 
himself in the ‘practice of law in Nashville, 
Tenn., but later removed to Jackson, Miss., 
where he entered into partnership with George 
S. Yerger. He was married to Elizabeth M. 
Bullus. He was chosen chancellor of the super- 
ior court of chancery of the state in 1852, and 
in 1859 removed to Memphis, Tenn. He is the 
author of: Analogy of Ancient Craft Masonry to 
Natural and Revealed Religion (1849) ; The Key- 
stone of the Masonic Arch (1856). He died in 
Jackson, Miss., May 30, 1861. 

SCOTT, Charles Frederick, representative, 
was born in Allen county, Kan., Sept. 7, 1860; 
son of John W. and Maria (Protsman) Scott. 
He was brought up on his father’s farm; at- 
tended the common schools, and was graduated 
from the University of Kansas, B.S., 1881. He 
was engaged in clerical work in Colorado, New 
Mexico and Arizona, 1881-82, returning in the 
latter year to Iola, Kan., where he purchased an 
interest in the Register, a weekly newspaper, of 
which he subsequently became sole proprietor, 
as well as editor and publisher. He served as 
state senator, 1892-96; was married, June 15, 
1893, to May Brevard, daughter of Henry A. and 
Elizabeth (Merriman) Ewing of Iola, and was a 
presidential elector on the McKinley and Hobart 
ticket, 1896. He was a Republican representa- 
tive from the state-at-large in the 57th con- 
gress, 1901-03, and re-elected to the 58th congress 
for the term expiring March 3, 1905. He re- 


SCOTT 


ceived the honorary degree of M.S. from the 
University of Kansas, 1888, serving as regent 
of the university, 1891-95, 1895-99 and 1899- 
1903; was president of the State Editorial as- 
sociation, 1893; of the Kansas League of Re- 
publican Clubs, 1896, and of the Kansas Day 
club, 1900. He is the author of: Letters Written 
from Mexico and Europe (1891); History of Allen 
and Woodson Counties, Kansas (1900). 

SCOTT, Elmon, jurist, was born in Isle La 
Motte, Vt., Nov. 6, 1853; son of Anson and Ann 
Barbara (Pike) Scott; grandson of Henry and 
Cornelia (Wicker) Scott and of Ezra Pike. He 
removed with his parents to a farm in Chester, 
Eaton county, Mich., 1864, and attended the 
public schools, subsequently studying law at 
Charlotte, Mich. He was admitted to the bar, 
1877 ; commenced practice in Charlotte, where 
he served as city-attorney ; removed to Wash- 
ington Territory in October, 1881, and located at 
Pomeroy in January, 1882. He was married, 
Oct. 23, 1882, to Eleanor, daughter of Francis 
and Rebecca McBrearty of Pomeroy ; was mayor 
of the city three times, and elected to the su- 
preme court of Washington, 1889. He removed 
to Whatcom, Wash., 1890; was re-elected to the 
supreme court in 1892, and was chief-justice at 
the expiration of his term in 1899. He subse- 
quently resumed the practice of law in What- 
com, Wash. 

SCOTT, Gustavus, delegate, was born in 
Prince William county, Va.; son of the Rev. 
James Scott, a minister of the Established church, 
who settled in Virginia in 17380. Gustavus at- 
tended Kings college, Aberdeen, Scotland ; re- 
turned to America, and when his friend, Sir 
Robert Eclen, was made governor of Maryland, 
he established a law practice in Somerset 
county, and was a delegate to the Annapolis 
convention of July 22, 1774; a member of the 
Association of the Freemen of Maryland; a 
member of the first constitutional convention of 
Maryland ; a representative from Dorchester 
county in the state assembly of 1780 and of 1784, 
and a delegate to the Continental congress, 1784- 
85. He was an advocate of the claim of James 
Rumsey to the right to the support of the legis- 
lature for his steamboats, and was one of the 
first promoters of the Potomac Canal company, 
1784. He was one of the commission to super- 
intend the erection of the capitol at Washington, 
and gave his personal bond to the state of Mary- 
land, as security for the loan of several thousand 
dollars, to complete the work. He died in Wash- 
ington, D.C., in 1801. 

SCOTT, Gustavus Hall, naval officer, was, 
born in Fairfax county, Va., June 13, 1812; son 
of Gustavus Hall Scott, a graduate of the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, A.B,, 1805, A.M., 1808 ; pro- 


[652] 








SCOTT 


bably grandson of Gustavus Scott, the delegate 
(q-v.). He was warranted midshipman, U.S.N., 
Aug. 1, 1828; was advanced to passed midship- 
man, June 14, 1834, and served on the Vandalia 
in Charleston harbor, S.C., 1835-36, and in the 
Seminole war, 1839-40. He was commissioned 
lieutenant, Feb. 25, 1841; was flag-lieutenant on 
the St. Lawrence of the Pacific squadron, 1852- 
53; was promoted commander, Dec. 27, 1856, 
and was inspector of lighthouses, 1858-60. He 
commanded the Keystone State and the Maran- 
tanza, 1861-63; was commissioned captain, Noy. 4, 
1863 ; commanded the De Soto and Canandaigua 
on blockade duty, and was senior officer at the 
surrender of Charleston, S.C., in 1865. He 
served on the board of examiners for the admis- 
sion of volunteer officers to the U.S, navy in 
1868; was light-house inspector, 1869-71; was 
promoted commodore, Feb. 10, 1869; rear ad- 
miral, Feb. 14, 1873 ; was commander-in-chief of 
the North Atlantic squadron, 1878-74, and was 
retired upon reaching the age limit, June 13, 1874. 
He died in Washington, D.C., March 23, 1882. 
SCOTT, Irving Murray, mechanical engineer, 
was born at Hebron Mills, Baltimore county, 
Md., Dec. 25, 1837; son of John and Elizabeth 
(Lettig) Scott; grandson of Thomas and Eliza- 
beth (Matthews) Scott ; great-grandson of Abra- 
ham and Elizabeth (Rossiter) Scott, and great ?- 
grandson of Abraham Scott, a Quaker, who emi- 
grated from Cumberland county, England, June 
22, 1722, and settled in Pennsylvania, where he 
was married in 1726 to Elizabeth Dyer. He at- 
tended Milton academy, Md., three years, and 
evening ciasses at the Baltimore Mechanics In- 
stitute, and obtained employment in the machine 
shop of Obed Hussey, the inventor, and later in 
larger works in Baltimore. He devoted himself 
to draughting of mechanical construction, and 
in 1850 removed to San Francisco, where in 1861 
he became chief draughtsman of the Union iron 
works. He was superintendent of the Union 
iron works, 1863-65, general manager, 1865-1903, 
and vice-president, 1873-1903, when it was pur- 
chased by the United Ship Building company. 
He was married, Oct. 7, 1868, to Laura Hordl 
of Covington, Ky. He designed the machinery 
for working the Comstock mines; invented the 
Scott and Eckart, and Scott and O'Neill cut-off 
engines and many other mechanical devices. 
He was president of the Art Association (1876- 
81), San Francisco, and the Mechanics Institute 
(1878-80) and of several other organizations, and 
a member of the principal clubs on the Pacific 
coast. He was the builder of the U.S. battle- 
ships Oregon and Olympia. He wasa presidential 
elector on the Republican ticket in 1896. In 1898 
he visited Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, 
- Belgium and England in the interests of Ameri- 


SCOTT 


can shipbuilding. He was a regent of the Uni- 
versity of California, 1878-80; a trustee of the 
Leland Stanford Junior university, 1891-98 ; and 





THE OREGON. 


appointed U.S. commissioner to the commercial 
congress held at Ostend, Belgium, in 1902. He 
was married in 1863 to Laura Horde of Covington, 
Ky. The degree of Ph.D. was conferred on him 
by Santa Clara university in 1901. He died in 
San Francisco, Cal., April 28, 1903. 

SCOTT, John, representative, was born in 
Hanover county, Va., in 1782. He removed with 
his parents to Indian Territory in 1802, and later 
to Missouri territory, where he practised law, 
1806-61. He was a delegate from Missouri Ter- 
ritory to the 14th congress as successor to Rufus 
Easton, and to the 15th and 16th congresses, 
serving, 1816-21. Missouri was admitted to the 
Union in 1821, and he was the Missouri represen- 
tative in the 17th-19th congresses, 1821-27. He 
died at St. Genevieve, Mo., Oct. 1, 1861. 

SCOTT, John, soldier, was born in Fauquier 
county, Va., April 23, 1820; son of Judge John 
and Elizabeth B. (Pickett) Scott; grandson of 
Rey. John and Eliza (Gordon) Scott and of Col. 
Martin and (Blackwell) Pickett, and a descend- 
ant of a distinguished Scottish family, and on the 
paternal side collaterally descended directly 
from Professor Thomas Gordon, of Aberdeen 
(Scotland) university. He studied law with his 
father, and after graduating from the University 
of Virginia was admitted to the bar in 1841. He 
was married, Nov. 14, 1850, to Harriet Augusta, 
daughter of James and Eliza R. (Pinsham) 
Caskie of Richmond, Va. He was editor of the 
Richmond Whig, 1850-51, and in 1858 he organ- 
ized and commanded the ‘*‘ Black Horse cavalry ” 
of Fauquier county, which constituted the state 
guard during the imprisonment, trial and execu- 
tion of John Brown, Heentered the Confederate 
army in 1861 as captain of cavalry ; recruited a 
company over which he was promoted major ; 
and was promoted colonel and transferred to the 
trans-Mississippi department. In 1870 he was 
appointed commonwealth’s attorney for Fau- 
quier county, Va. He is the author of : The Lost 
Principle of the Federal Government or the Sec- 


tional Equilibrium (1860); Partisan Life with 


[653] 


SCOTT 


Mosby (1867); and The Republic as a Form of 
Government, or the Evolution of Democracy in 
America (1890). 

SCOTT, John, author, was born in Jefferson 
county, Ohio, April 14, 1824; son of John and 
Eliza (Skelley) Scott ; grandson of Alexander and 
Rachel (McDowell) Scott and of John and Mar- 
garet (Simrall) Skelley, and a descendant of Hugh 
Scott, who was born in Ulster, Ireland, and 
came to Chester county, Pa., about 1680. He 
matriculated at Franklin college, New Athens, 
Ohio, 1841, but did not graduate; studied law in 
Steubenville, Ohio, and was admitted to practice 
by the supreme court, 1845. Heservedin Mexico 
as a private in the Kentucky mounted volunteers, 
1846-47, being captured with Cassius M. Clay at 
Encarnacion, January, 1847. In 1851 he located 
at Mt. Sterling, Ky., where he published the 
Kentucky Whig, 1852-54; removed to Iowa in 
1856; was a state senator, 1860; commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel, 8rd Iowa infantry, 1861, and 
served as colonel of the 32d Iowa infantry, 1862- 
64. He was married, Nov. 24, 1863, to Mary 
Sophia, daughter of Orestes H. and Mary (Atkin- 
son) Wright of Freeport, Ill. He was leutenant- 
governor of Iowa, 1868 ; U.S. assessor of internal 
revenue, 1870-71: published the Farmers’ Jour- 
nal, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1872, and was state 
senator, 1886. He was president of the State 
Agricultural society of Iowa, 1872-73; of the 
State Improved Stock Breeders’ association, 1875, 
and of the State Road Improvement association, 
1878. He was also president of the State Society 
of Scotch-Irish, and of the Pioneer Law Makers’ 
association, and Past Grand Master of Iowa Free 
Masons. He is the author of: Encarnacion or 
the Prison in Mexico (1848); Hugh Scott and 
His Descendants (1894); and History of the 
Thirty-Second Iowa Infantry (1895). Colonel 
Scott was residing in Des Moines, Ia., in 1903. 

SCOTT, John, senator, was born at Alex- 
andria, Pa., July 24, 1824; son of Maj.-Gen. John 
Scott, an officer in the war of 1812 and a repre- 
sentative in the 21st congress, 1829-31. John 
attended the common schools and the law de- 
partment of Marshall college, Chambersburg, Pa., 
was admitted to the bar in 1846, and practised 
law in Huntingdon, Pa., 1846-69. He was prose- 
cuting attorney for Huntingdon county, 1846-49 ; 
a member of the revenue commission in 1851; a 
Republican representative in the state legislature 
in 1862; presided over the Republican state con- 
vention of 1867, and was elected U.S. senator to 
succeed Charles R. Buckalew, serving 1869-75. 
While in the senate he served on the committees 
on naval affairs, claims, and Pacific railroads, 
and was chairman of the special committee to 
investigate Ku-Klux outrages in the South. He 
declined the secretaryship of the interior and re- 


SCOTT 


turned to his law practice in Pennsylvania in 
1875. He was special counsel of the Penn- 
sylvania railroad, at Pittsburg, Pa., 1875-77; 
and general solicitor, 1877-95. He was a trustee 
of the University of Pennsylvania, 1884-96, and 
a director and trustee of the Princeton Theolo- 
gical seminary, 1889-96. He died at Philadel- 
phia, Pa., Nov. 29, 1896. 

SCOTT, John Hart, educator, was born in 
Northville, Mich., Jan: 4, 1847; son of George 
and Abigail (Hart) Scott ; grandson of Jer- 
emiah and Phoebe (Bloomer) Scott, and of Seth 
and Patience (Burdick) Hart. He graduated 
from the University of Rochester, A.B., 1871, 
and from the Rochester Theological seminary, 
B.D., 1874. He was married, July 23, 1878, to 
Florence Madeleine, daughter of Maynard and 
Emily (Barrett) Davis, of Des Moines, lowa. He 
was ordained to the Baptist ministry, 1874; was 
pastor of Cleveland, Ohio, 1874-79; at Ypsilanti, 
Mich., 1879-81; engaged in business at Minne- 
apolis, Minn., 1882-90 ; business manager of The 
Ensign, Minneapolis, Minn., 1890-92; of the 
Young People’s Union, Chicago, Ill., 1892-98 ; 
engaged in business, 1893-96 ; was professor of 
theology in Shaw university, Raleigh, N.C., 1896- 
97, and in the latter year was made president of 
Indian university, Bacone, Indian Territory. 

SCOTT, John M., jurist, was bornin St. Clair, 
Tll., Aug. 1, 1824; son of Samuel and Nancy 
(Biggs) Scott. Heattended the common schools ; 
was instructed by private tutors, and studied 
law in the office of William C. Kinney, Belle- 
ville, Ill., being admitted to the bar in 1847. He 
commenced practice in Bloomington, Ill., in 
1848; was judge of the McLean county court, 
1852-62; judge of the circuit court, 1862-70, and 
of the supreme court, 1879-88, serving as chief- 
justice by allotment in 1875, 1883 and 1886. 
After his retirement from the bench in 1888 
Judge Scott devoted himself to literary work, 
He bequeathed to the city of Bloomington, 
Illinois, the principal of his estate, estimated at 

2,000,000, on the death of heirs, for a public 
hospital. He is the author of biographical 
sketches of Browne, Foster, Phillips and Rey- 
nolds, the four first judges of the Illinois supreme 
court, and Rewritten Chapters of Illinois History 
Prior to 1819. His opinions are contained in the 
**Tllinois Reports ” (8rd-126th vols.). He died in 
Bloomington, Ill., Jan. 21, 1898. 

SCOTT, John Morin, delegate, was born in 
New York city, in 1730; grandsen of John Scott, 
the immigrant. He was graduated from Yale, 
A.B., 1746, A.M., 1749; was one of the founders 
of the Sons of Liberty; a member of the New — 
York general committee in 1775, and a member 
of the provincial congress in 1775. He was 
appointed brigadier-general and commanded a 


[654] 








SCOTT 


brigade at the battle of Long Island, but in 177 
resigned his commission to accept the appoint- 
ment of secretary of state of New York, made 
March 13, 1778, in which office he served until 
Oct. 23, 1780. He was a delegate to the Con- 
tinental congress, 1780-83. He died in New York 
city, Sept. 14, 1784. 

SCOTT, John Witherspoon, educator, was 
born in Hookstown, Pa., Jan. 22, 1800; son of 
the Rev. George McElroy and Anna (Rea) Scott. 
His father was a Presbyterian clergyman. He 
was graduated at Washington college, Pa., 1823 ; 
was a post-graduate student at Yale, 1823-24, and 
finished his theological studies under private in- 
struction. He held the professorship of mathe- 
matics and natural sciences at Washington col- 
lege, 1824-28, and the same position at Miami 
university, Oxford, Ohio, 1828-45. He was mar- 
ried, Aug. 18, 1825, to Mary P., daughter of John 
Neal, of Washington, Pa. In April, 1830, he was 
licensed to preach, and in October, 1831, he was 
ordained. He received the degree of D.D. from 
Augusta college in 1840. In 1845 upon his re- 
moval to College Hill, Hamilton county, he as- 
sisted in the founding of Farmers’ college (which 
became Belmont college in 1884), and continued 
a member of its faculty until 1849, when he 
accepted the presidency of the Oxford, Miss., 
female college, serving as such until 1849. He 
was a professor of natural science at Hanover col- 
lege, Ind., 1860-68 ; principal of the Presbyterian 
academy, Springfield, Ill.; professor at Mon- 
ongahela college, Jefferson, Greene county, Pa., 
1875-81, and clerk in the pension office at Wash- 
ington, D.C., 1881-89. His daughter, Caroline 
Scott, married Benjamin Harrison, and upon 
the inauguration of Harrison as President, Dr. 
Scott resigned his clerkship and became a mem- 
ber of his daughter’s family at the White House, 
where he resided until his death, which occurred 
in Washington D.C., Nov. 29, 1892. 

SCOTT, John Work, educator, was born at 
Slate Ridge, York county, Pa., Nov. 27, 1807. 
He was prepared for college at a classical school 
kept by the Rev. Samuel Morton at Chaceford, 
Pa., was graduated at Jefferson college, Canons- 
burg, Pa., 1827, was professor of mathematics at 
Washington college, Pa., 1829-30; and entered 
the Princeton Theological seminary, 1830, grad- 
uating in 1832. He was licensed, Oct. 3, 1832, by 
the presbytery of New Castle, and was ordained at 
Poland, Ohio, April 3, 1834, by the presbytery of 
Hartford. He was stated supply at Three Springs, 
Pa., and Free church in Steubenville, Ohio, 1836- 
47. Here he founded Grove academy in 1836, 
and was its principal, 1836-47. He was princi- 
pal of Lindsley institute, Wheeling, Va., 1847-53, 
president of Washington college, Pa., 1853-65, 
principal of Woodburn Female seminary, Mor- 


SCOTT 


gantown, W.Va., 1865-67 ; vice-president and pro- 
fessor of ancient languages in West Virginia 
university, 1867-77, and professor at Biddle uni- 
versity at Charlotte, N.C., 1879. He received 
the degrees of D.D. from Washington college, 
Penn., in 1852, and LL.D. 
and Jefferson college in. 1865, 
way, N.C., July 25, 1879. 

SCOTT, Julian, historical painter, was born in 
Johnson, Lamoille county, Vt., Feb. 15, 1846; 
son of Charles Walter and Lucy 8S. (Kellum) 
Scott ; grandson of Jonathan and Sophia (Lathe) 
Scott and of Jonathan K. and Lydia Turner 
(Bryant) Kellum ; and a descendant of Jonathan 
Scott (Sr.) a native of Scotland, a graduate of 
Edinburgh university, and a lieutenant in the 
Revolutionary war, from Vermont, and of the 
Rev. Joshua Lathe of Birmingham, England, 
who with his wife came to America and settled 
in Hanover, N.H., in the latter part of the eigh- 
teenth century; and on his mother’s side of 
Nehemiah Bryant (uncle of William Cullen 
Bryant) and of the artist Turner. He joined the 
Federal army in 1861, and served with the Army 
of the Potomac until 1863, meanwhile making 
numerous sketches in the field and in military 
hospitals. By act of congress he was awarded 
a medal of honor for distinguished bravery and 
was placed on the staff of Gen. William F. Smith. 
In 1863 he entered the art school of the National 
Academy of Design, New York, and later 
studied under Emanuel Leutzé in New York city, 
going to Paris in 1866, to pursue his studies. He 
was married Oct. 13, 1870, to Mary, daughter of 
William and Mary Burns, of New York city. 
He exhibited at the National Academy in 1870, and 
was madean associate Academician in 1871. He 
was elected a life-fellow of the American Geo- 
graphical society in 1873. In 1890 he was in 
Arizona and New Mexico, gathering material for 
the report on the 11th census on the Indians in 
the southwest. His reports, profusely illustrated, 
are embodied in the U.S. Indian Census, 1890. 
He made his residence in Plainfield, N.J., and 
was elected colonel of Drake’s Zouaves of New 
Jersey. His paintings are chiefly on the military 
order, and include: Rear Guard at White Oak 
Swamp. (1870); Battle of Cedar Creek (1871); 
Battle of Goldings Farm (1871); The Recall 
(1872) ; On Board the Hartford (1874) ; Old Re- 
cords (1875); Duel of Burr and Hamilton 
(1876) ; Reserves Awaiting Orders (1877) ; In the 
Cornfield at Antietam (1879); Charge at Peters- 
burg (1882); The War is Over (1855) ; The Blue 
and the Gray (1886); and Death of General 
Sedgwick (1889). He died in Plainfield, N.J., 
July 4, 1901. 

SCOTT, Levi, M.E. bishop, was born at Cant- 
wells Bridge, near Odessa, Newcastle county, 


from Washington 
He died at Ridg- 


[655] 


SCOTT 


Del., Oct. 11, 1802. He was brought up on a farm, 
was a carpenter and cabinetmaker with limited 
education, prepared for the ministry, 1823-26 ; 
joined the Philadelphia conference of the M.E. 
church, in April, 1826, and was transferred to 
the Dover circuit, Delaware, in 1827. He was 
ordained deacon in 1828; and was pastor of St. 
George’s, Philadelphia, 1828-30. He was mar- 
ried, in 1880, to Sarah H. Smith of Westchester ; 
was made presiding elder of the Delaware dis- 
trict. 1834-40, principal of Dickinson College gram- 
mar school, 1840-48; an agent of the Methodist 
Book Concern in New York city, 1848-52; and 
was elected and ordained bishop by the gen- 
eral conference at Boston, Mass., in 1852, and 
served till 1872. The honorary degree of M.A. 
was conferred on him by Wesleyan university in 
1840, and that of D.D. by Delaware college in 
1846. He died on the farm where he was born, 
near Odessa, Del., July 18, 1882. 

SCOTT, Nathan Bay, senator, was born in 
Guernsey county, Ohio, Dec. 18, 1842. He at- 
tended the county schools, engaged in mining in 
Colorado, 1859-62, and served as a private in the 
Ohio volunteers, 1862-65, Heremoved to Wheel- 
ing, W. Va., and engaged in the manufacture 
of glass asmanager and president of the Central 
Glass company. He was a member and presi- 
dent of the city council, 1880-82 ; a state senator, 
1882-90; passed the mutual savings bank law 
and organized the first savings bank in the state 
in 1887, of which he was president ; a member of 
the executive committee of the Republican na- 
tional committee, 1888-1902; commissioner of 
internal revenue, 1898-99 ; and was a Republican 
U.S. senator from West Virginia, 1899-1905, hav- 
ing been elected after a prolonged contest, Jan. 
25, 1899, by one majority, and serving in the sen- 
ate as chairman of the committee on mines 
and mining, and as a member of the committees 
on military affairs, pensions, railroads, public 
buildings and grounds. He traveled extensively 
in the United States and in the Old World, 
where he visited the unfrequented regions. He 
was a generous benefactor, and served as a 
trustee and director of the Wheeling city hos- 
pital and of the Altenheim Home for Aged 
Women. 

SCOTT, Orange, founder of the Wesleyan Meth- 
odist church, was born in Brookfield, Vt., Feb. 
13, 1800. He resided with his parents in Canada 
for six years, and after his return to Vermont 
attended the common schools, and in 1822 was 
ordained to the Methodist ministry. He was 
presiding elder of the Springfield district, Mass., 
1830-34; andof Providence district, R.I., 1834-35. 
He was so active in the anti-slavery cause as to 
have charges preferred against him by his bishop 
in 1838, but they were not sustained. In 1842, 


SCOTT 


finding he could not conscientiously remain in 
a church which sustained the slavery cause, he 
withdrew, and was one of the founders of the 
Wesleyan Methodist cliurch ; assembled a con- 
vention at Utica, N.Y., May 31, 1843, where he was 
made president of the Gonvention, and directed the 
formation of its platform, which excluded bishops 
and presiding elders, substituting presidents of 
conferences and district chairmen. He was editor 
of the True Wesleyan, 1848-44, and in 1846 he re- 
tired from the ministry. He is the author of 
An Appeal to the Methodist Episcopal Church 
(1888), and numerous contributions to the True 
Wesleyan. Hediedin Newark, N.J., July 31, 1847. 

SCOTT, Robert Kingston, governor of South 
Carolina, was born in Armstrong county, Pa.. 
July 8, 1826. He studied medicine in Navarre, 
Ohio, and at the Starling Medical college, 
Columbus, Ohio; practised in Henry county, 
Ohio, 1851-57, and engaged in 
mercantile business, 1857-61. 
On the outbreak of the civil 
war he joined the Federal 
army as lieutenant-colonel, 
68th Ohio volunteers, and the 
regiment was assigned to the 
od brigade, 3d division, Army 
of the Tennessee, under Gen. U.S. Grant. He was 
engaged at Fort Donelson and Shiloh; was pro- 
moted colonel of the regiment, and was in the 2d 
brigade, 3d division, 17th army corps, in the 
Vicksburg campaign. He commanded this bri- 
gade in the Atlanta campaign, and was taken 
prisoner, but was exchanged Sept. 24, 1864, in 
time to take part in the struggle for Atlanta and 
in the march to the sea, and through the Car- 
olinas. He was appointed brigadier-general of — 
volunteers, Jan. 12, 1865, and was brevetted 
brigadier-general, U.S.V., Jan. 26, 1865, and 
major-general, U.S.V., Dec. 2, 1865. He was as- 
sistant commissioner of the Freedmen’s bureau, 
1865-68 ; resigned his commission July 6, 1868, 
and was elected by the Republican party first 
governor of South Carolina, under the recon- 
struction act in 1868; was re-elected in 1870, and 
served until 1874. In 1871 he was charged with 
over-issuing state bonds, but defeated a resolu- 
tion of impeachment by a justification of his ac- 
tion in a message to the legislature. He ob- 
tained from the President troops to suppress 
the Ku Klux outrages in South Carolina. He 
engaged in the real estate business in Columbia, 
8.C., and removed to Napoleon, Ohio, where he 
continued the business. On Dec. 25, 1880, he 
accidentally shot and killed Warren G. Drury, of 
Napoleon, Ohio; was tried for manslaughter, and 
acquitted, Nov. 5, 1881. He was stricken with 
apoplexy in May, 1899, and died in Napoleon, 
Ohio, Aug. 13, 1900. 





[656] 








SCOTT 


SCOTT, Sutton Selwyn, author, was born in 
Huntsville, Ala., Nov. 26, 1829; son of James 
Greene and Ann (Biddle) Scott; grandson of 
John or Ijohn Scott, great-grandson of John or 
Tjohn Scott, who emigrated to this country from 
Scotland, and settled on a plantation in Dinwid- 
die county, Va., near the line separating it from 
Brunswick county. He was graduated from 
East Tennessee university (University of Ten- 
nessee), A.B., 1850; began the practice of law at 
Huntsville, Ala., about the year 1855; was a 
member of the state legislature from Madison 
county, 1857-58 and 1859-60; was elected at the 
latter session of that body a trustee of the Uni- 
versity of Alabama ; was one of the comunittee 
appointed by Goy. A. B. Moore of Alabama to 
meet Mr. Davis, the Confederate president-elect, 
at West Point, Ga., Feb. 16. 1861, and escort him 
to his inauguration at Montgomery ; and served 
as Confederate commissioner of Indian Affairs 
from 1863 to the close of the war. He was mar- 
ried at Columbus, Ga., Nov. 10, 1864, to Loula 
Marie, daughter of William and Polly (Bass) 
Hurt of Russell county, Ala. 
his plantation near Uchee, Ala., 1865, and after 
that time was mainly engaged in agricultural 
pursuits. He was a delegate to the Alabama 
constitutional convention, 1875; to the Demo- 
cratic national convention at Cincinnati, Ohio, 
1880; a member of the state legislature from 
Russell county, 1884 and 1890; U.S. commis- 
sioner to adjudicate claims in New Mexico and 
Colorado, 1885-87, and chairman of the commis- 
sion to the Indians of Utah, 1894-96. He is 
the author of: Southbooke-Southern Tales and 
Sketches (1880) ; The Mobilians, or Talks about 
the South (1897) ; and contributions to numerous 
periodicals. In 1903 he was residing in Auburn, 
Ala. 

SCOTT, Thomas Alexander, railroad president, 
was born in London, Franklin county, Pa., Dec. 
28, 1824; son of Thomas Scott, the keeper of 
‘“* Tom Scott’s Tavern” on the old limestone turn- 
pike from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. He at- 
tended the country schools in winter, worked on 
the farm in summer, and served as clerk in stores 
in Waynesboro, Bridgeport, and Mercersburg. 
He was clerk to the toll collector at Columbia 
on the state road, 1841-47; chief clerk to the col- 
lector of tolls in Philadelphia, and in 1851 entered 
the employ of the Pennsylvania railroad. He 
was general-superintendent of the mountain 
district, with headquarters at Duncasville, 1852- 

7; general agent of the Pittsburg office, 1853-05 ; 
general superintendent of the entire line as 
successor to General Lombaert, 1855-59; and vice 
president, 1859-61. He was appointed on the staff 
of Gov. Andrew G. Curtin, and in 1861, with the 
aid of the U.S. troops, opened the new line of 


He settled upon _ 


SCOTT 


railway from Washington to Philadelphia. He 
was commissioned colonel of volunteers May 3, 
1861, and was put in control of all government 
railways and telegraphs. He was assistant sec- 
retary of war under Secretary Cameron, 1861, 
and under Secretary Stanton, until May, 1862. 
He utilized the transportation of the northwest 
and of the western rivers for the benefit of the 
U.S. army. On Sept. 24, 1863, he accepted a 
government commission to repair the railroads 
and superintend the transportation of the 11th 
and 12th army corps sent through Nashville to 
General Rosecrans at Chattanooga, and he 
served as assistant quartermaster general on the 
staff of General Hooker. He was chosen presi- 
dent of the western division of the Pennsylvania 
railroad in 1864, president of the Pennsylvania 
Company, the agency through which the Penn- 
sylvania railroad obtained leases of connecting 
roads tothe west and of the ‘‘ Pan Handle Route” 
1871. He was also the president of the Union 
Pacific railroad, 1871-72, and of the Pennsylvania 
railroad, 1874-80, resigning in 1880, on account 
of failing health. He was the founder and first 
president of the Texas Pacific railroad. He died 
in Darby, Pa., May 21, 1881. 

SCOTT,Thomas Fielding, first bishop of Oregon 
and Washington territories, and 60th in succession 
in the American episcopate, was born in Iredell 
county, N.C., March 12, 1807. He was graduated 
from the University of Georgia, A.B., 1829, A.M., 
1832 ; was admitted to the diaconate in Augusta, 
Ga., March 12, 1843; and advanced to the priest- 
hood in Macon, Ga., Feb. 24, 1844, by Bishop 
Stephen Elliott. He was rector of St. James’s, 
Marietta, Ga., and Trinity, Columbus, Ga., and 
was elected in 1853 first missionary bishop of 
Oregon and Washington territories, being con- 
secrated at Christ church, Savannah, Ga., Jan, 
8, 1854, by Bishops Elliott, Cobbs and Davis. The 
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him 
by the University of Georgia in 1853. When on 
his way to attend the general convention, 1867, 
he contracted a fever while crossing the Isthmus 
of Panama, and died in New York, July 14, 1867. 

SCOTT, William Amasa, political economist, 
was born in Clarkson, Monroe county, N.Y., 
April 17, 1862; son of Thomas and Huldy Ann 
(Richards) Scott; grandson of Amasa and Mar- 
garet Scott and of William I. and Margaret 
Richards. He attended the public schools and 
the State Normal school, Brockport, N.Y., 1878- 
82, and was graduated from the University of 
Rochester, N.Y., in 1886. He was professor 
of history and political science in the University 
of South Dakota, 1887-90; a graduate student 
and instructor in history at Johns Hopkins uni- 
versity, 1890-92, receiving from this institution 
the degree of Ph.D. in 1892, and was associated 


[657] 


SCOTT 


with the University of Wisconsin as assistant 
professor of political economy. 1892-93, associate 
professor of the same, 1892-97, professor, 1897- 
1900, and in the latter year was made director 
of the school of commerce and professor of econ- 
omic history and theory. He was twice married: 
first, June 11, 1889, to Lizette F., daughter of 
Charles and Adaline 8. Rockwell of Chicago, I1., 
who died in 1896; and secondly, June 13, 1899, 
to Irene, daughter of Thomas E. and Ella Nash, 
of Centralia, Wis. Dr. Scott was elected a 
member of the American Economic and the 
American Statistical associations; of the American 
Academy of Political and Social Science ; of the 
Wisconsin State Historical society ; and of the 
International Society for the Promotion of Com- 
mercial Education. Heistheauthor of: Repudi- 
ation of State Debts (1893); Money and Banking 
(1903); Bohni-Barvork’s Interest Literature of 
the Last Fifteen Years (1903); and of the articles : 
“Social Aspects of Pauperism and Crime "(Reports 
of the Wisconsin State Conference of Charities 
and Corrections, 1894); ‘‘ Distribution of Wealth 
in the United States” (Chautauquan, June, 
1894); ‘‘ Quantity Theory of Money” (Annals of 
the American Academy of Political and Social 
Science, 1897); ‘* Henry George and His Economic 
Philosophy” (New World, 1898); ‘* Commercial 
Education at State Universities ” (Wisconsin 
State Teachers’ Association, 1900); ‘‘ The Tech- 
nical Education of Business Men” (Railroad 
Gazette, 1900); ‘*‘ Commercial Education ” (The 
Manufacturer, 1901). 

SCOTT, William Anderson, clergyman, was 
born at Rock Creek, Bedford county, Tenn., Jan. 
31,1813. He was licensed to preach in 1829 by 
the presbytery of Hopewell; was graduated 
from Cumberland college (Lebanon university) 
Tenn., in 1833; attended Princeton Theological 
seminary, 1833-34; and was ordained by the 
presbytery of Louisiana, May 17, 1835. He was 
a missionary to Arkansas and Louisiana, 1835-36; 
was principal of the Female college at Winchester, 
Tenn., 1836-38 ; principal of Nashville Female 
academy, and stated supply at Hermitage church, 
1838-40; pastor at Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1840-42; 
New Orleans, La., 1848-55; San Francisco, Cal., 
1855-61; New York city, 1863-70; St. John’s, 
San Francisco, 1870-85; and was professor of 
mental and moral philosophy and of systematic 
theology at the San Francisco Theological school, 
1871-85. The honorary degree of D.D. was con- 
ferred on him by the University of Alabama in 
1844, and that of LL.D. by the University of the 
City of New York in 1872, He was editor of the 
New Orleans Presbyterian ; founded the Pacific 
Expositor, and was the author of: Daniel, A 
Model for Young Men (1854); Achan in El Dorado 
(1855); Trade and Letters (1856); The Giant 


SCOTT . 


Judge (1858); The Bible and Politics (1859); The 
Church in the Army, or the Four Centurions of 
the Gospels (1862); and The Christ of the Apostles’ 
Creed (1867). He died in San Francisco, Cal.,. 
Jan. 14, 1885. 

SCOTT, William Henry, educator, was born 
in Chauncey, Athens county, Ohio, Sept. 14, 1840; 
son of Alexander Bothwell and Susan (Rutledge), 
Scott; grandson of John and Mary (Bothwell) 
Scott, and of John and Mary (Burns) Rutledge. 
He was graduated at the Ohio university, Athens, 
A.B., 1862, A.M., 1865; and was superintendent. 
of schools in Athens, Ohio, 1862-64. He was. 
married, Aug. 9, 1863, to Sarah, daughter of the. 
Rey. Erastus and Fanny (Beardsley) Felton, of 
Athens, Ohio. He was principal of the prepara- 
tory department of Ohio university, 1864-65 ; 
pastor at the Main Street (Trinity) Methodist, 
church at Chillicothe, 1865-67 ; and of the Town 
Street (First) Methodist church at Columbus, 
1867-69 ; was professor of Greek at Ohio uni- 
versity, 1869-72, and its president and professor 
of philosophy, 1872-83. _He became president of 
the Ohio State university, Columbus, Ohio, in 
1883, and professor of philosophy, but he resigned 
from the presidency in 1895, continuing to hold 
the chair of philosophy. He received the degree 
of LL.D. from Ohio university and Ohio Wes- 
leyan university, 1884. 

SCOTT, Winfield, soldier, was born in the 
vicinity of Petersburg, Va., June 138, 1786; son 
of William and Ann (Mason) Scott, and grand- 
son of a Scotch soldier, who engaged in the battle — 
of Culloden, where he lost a brother, and fled ta 
America, settling in 
the neighborhood of 
Petersburg , Va., 
where he _ practised 
law. William Scott 
died in 1791, and his 
wife in 1808; and 
Winfield, after at- 
tending a high school 
in Richmond, matric- 
ulated at the College 
of William and Mary, 
and after a two years’ 
course took up the 
study of law. He 
was admitted to 
the bar in Rich- 
mond, Va., in 1806, removed to Charleston, S.C. 
in 1807, where he was made captain of light 
artillery in the U.S. army, and was ordered t¢ 
New Orleans in 1808, where General Wilkin- 
son, after being unsuccessful in winning the 
youthful officer over to the questionable scheme 
of Burr, caused his court-martial and suspension 
from the service for twelve months. Captain 





[658] 








SCOTT 


Scott, however, obtained a remission of the sen- 
tence at the end of three months, and was com- 
plimented bya public dinner. Onthe declaration 
of war with Great Britain, June 18, 1812, he was 
promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the 
2d artillery, and ordered to the Niagara frontier ; 
and at Queenstown Heights, Oct. 13, 1812, he 
was taken prisoner and exchanged after a few 
months. He was promoted brigadier-general, 
March 9, 1814; established a camp of instruction 
at Buffalo, and on July 3, 1814, transferred his 
brigade to British soil and on July 5, directed 
the battle of Chippewa, winninga signal victory, 
as he did at Lundy’s Lane, July 25, where he 
had two horses shot under him, was badly wound- 
ed and finally gained the field, capturing General 
Riall and several other officers, and inflicting a 
loss of 878 men to the British, hisown loss nearly 
equalling it. These were the only two American 
victories on Canada soil ; and gained for him the 
rank of major-general. General Scott was re- 
moved to Buffalo, N. Y., where his wounds were 
dressed, and on his partial recovery he was trans- 
ferred to Philadelphia by slow stages. He visited 
Europe in 1815, after declining the cabinet  posi- 
tion of secretary of war, made vacant in President 
Madison’s cabinet and held temporarily by James 
Monroe, secretary of state. On his return to the 
United States he was given command of the At- 
lantic seaboard, with headquarters in New York, 
and he made his home at Elizabeth, N.J., where he 
resided, 1816-86. He was married in March, 1817, 
to Maria, daughter of John Mayo of Richmond,Va. 
He took part in the Seminole war in Florida, and 
in the expedition against the Creek Indians, 
1836-87. Criticisms of his conduct of the cam- 
paign caused him to be recalled in 1837, but a 
court of inquiry found no cause for his recall, 
and in 1888 he effected the peaceful transfer 
of the Cherokees to the Indian territory. He was 
also mainly responsible for the Webster-Ashbur- 
ton treaty of 1842. On the death of Gen. Alex- 
ander Macomb, June 25, 1841, he became general- 
in-chief in command of the United States army, 
with headquarters at Washington, D.C, On the 
declaration of war with Mexico in 1846, he planned 
the campaign and accompanied the army to Vera 
Cruz, where he landed his force of 12,000 men 





VERA CRUZ. 


_ under cover of the naval fleet of Commodore Con- 


ner. Aftera siege of twenty days, March 9-29, 
1847, he captured the castle of San Juan de Ulloa, 


SCOTT 


and 5,000 of the Mexican army. On April 17-18, 
he fought the successful battle of Cerro Gordo; 
that of Contreras, August 19-20: Churubusco, 
August 20; Molino del Rey, September 8 ; Chapul- 
tepec, September 13; and the assault and capture 
of the City of Mexico, Sept. 18-14, 1847, which 
ended the war. General Scott had been looked 
upon as an available candidate of the Whig party 
for President as early as 1839, when the national 
convention met at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 4, and 
again in 1844. In 1852 he received the nom- 
ination from the Whig national convention con- 
vened at Baltimore, June 16. In the election 
that followed, the Scott and Graham electors. 
received 1,380,576 popular votes to 1,601,474 for 
Pierce and King, and 156,147 for Hale and Julian, 
and when the electoral college met in 1853 he 
received the 42 electoral votes of Vermont, 
Massachusetts, Tennessee and Kentucky ; Pierce 
receiving those of all the other states and num- 
bering 254. In 1859 he was commissioner on the 
part of the United States in the settlement of the 
northwestern boundary question, and he success- 
fully accomplished the purposes of his govern- 
ment. He wasin command of the U.S. army 
during the early part of the civil war, and suc- 
ceeded in placing the national capital in a con- 
dition of defence and directed the early move- 
ments of the troops until succeeded, Nov. 1, 1861, 
as general-in-chief, by George B. McClellan, and 
he was placed on the retired list, with the brevet 
rank of lieutenant-general, being seventy-five 
years of age. He visited Europe in 1861-62, and 
on his return in 1862 made his home at West. 
Point, N.Y. He received the honorary degree of 
A.M. from the College of New Jersey in 1814, 
and that of LL.D. from Columbia college in 1850, 
and from Harvard in 1861, and was elected an 
honorary member of the Massachusetts Historical 
society. In November, 1814, congress ordered a 
gold medal struck in his honor, and an equestrian 
statue to his honor executed by Henry K. Brown 
was erected on Scott Circle, Washington, D.C, 
He was physically a man of stately proportions, 
possibly the most imposing of the illustrious 
soldiers of his time, if not of all modern times. 
In the selection of names for a place in the Hall of 
Fame for Great Americans, New York university. 
October, 1900, his name in Class A, Soldiers and 
Sailors, received 16 votes, standing tenth in the 
class of 20names. His published works include : 
a pamphlet against the use of intoxicating liquors 
(1821); General Regulations for the Army (1825); 
Letters to the Secretary of War (1827); Infantry 
Tactics (3 vols., 1835, 1847 and 1854); Letters on 
the Slavery Question (1848): Abstract of Infuntry 
Tactics (1861); Memoirs of Lieut.-General Seott, 
written by Himself (2 vols., 1864). He died at 
West Point, N.Y., May 29, 1866. 


[659] 


SCOVEL 


SCOVEL, Sylvester Fithian, educator, was 
born in Harrison, Ohio, Dec. 29, 1835; son of the 
Rev. Dr. Sylvester 8. Scovel. He was graduated 
from Hanover college, Ind., A.B., 1853, A.M., 
1856, and from the New Albany Theological 
seminary in 1856 ; was pastor at Jeffersonville, 
Ind., 1857-61; Springfield, Ohio, 1861-66, and 
Pittsburg, Pa., 1866-83. He was president of the 
University of Wooster, 1883-98 ; acting president, 
1898-99 (being succeeded by Louis E. Holden 
(q.v.), and Hoge professor of morals and sociology 
there from 1883. Onrelinquishing the presidency 
in 1899 he retained the Hoge chair. He was 
elected president of the National Reform associa- 
tion at the annual meeting of 1897. 

SCREVEN, James, soldier, was born in 
Georgia in 1738; son of James and Mary Hyrne 
(Smith) Screven; grandson of William and 
Catherine (Stoll) Screven, and of Thomas and 
Mary (Hyrne) Smith, and great-grandson of the 
Rev. William and Bridget (Cutt) Screven. The 
Rev. William Screven came from Somerton, 
England, and settled in Piscataway, N.H., in 1640, 
removing from there to Charleston, §.C., on 
account of religious persecution. James Scre- 
ven was married in 1764 to Mary, daughter of 
Charles Odingsell of Edisto Island, $.C. He 
was a member of the committee that drew up 
the articles of association for the defence of 
liberty in: Georgia in 1774, and served succes- 
sively as colonel and brigadier-general of Georgia 
militia, 1775-78, leading a brigade in several 
skirmishes with the British, between Sunbury 
and Savannah, Ga. He was severely wounded at 
Midway Meeting-House, Ga., and fell into the 
hands of the British, who killed him. On learn- 
ing of his death, congress directed the erection 
of a monument to his memory. He died near 
Midway Meeting-House, Ga., Nov. 24, 1778. 

SCRIBNER, Charles, publisher, was born in 
New York city, Feb. 21, 1821; son of Uriah 
Rogers and Betsey (Hawley) Scribner ; grandson 
of the Rev. Matthew and Abigail (Rogers) Scrib- 
ner, and of Thomas and Keziah (Scribner) Haw- 
ley, and a descendant of Benjamin Scrivener, 
who emigrated from England, and settled in 
Norwalk, Conn., before 1680, and Hannah Cramp- 
ton, his wife. Charles Scribner matriculated 
at the University of the City of New York in 
1837 ; changed to the College of New Jersey, where 
he was graduated, A.B., 1840; A.M., 1848; and 
studied law under Charles King, 1843-46, but never 
practised. He engaged in the business of book- 
seller and publisher in partnership with Isaac D. 
Baker in 1846, and after Mr. Baker’s death in 
1850, he conducted the business alone, 1850-57. 
He was married in 1848 to Emma E., daughter of 
John I. Blair of Blairstown, N.J. In 1857 he 
bought the importing business of Banks, Merwin 


SCUDDER 


and Co., and Charles Welford, the London repre- 
sentative of the house, became his partner, doing 
business in New York as Charles Scribner and Co., 
and in London as Scribner, Welford and Co. Mr. 
Welford died in 1885. Myr. Scribner established 
The Hours at Home in 1865, which became 
Seribner’s Magazine in 1870, under the editorship 
of Dr. Josiah G. Holland. He died in Lucerne, 
Switzerland, Aug. 26, 1871. 

SCRUGGS, William Lindsay, journalist and 
diplomatist, was born near Knoxviile, Tenn., 
Sept. 14, 1836; son of Frederick and Margaret 
(Kimbrough) Scruggs ; grandson of Frederick and 
Rebecca Lyndsay (Conway) Scruggs, and of 
Gross and Annie Keith (Hale) Scruggs of Vir- 
ginia, and a descendant of the Scruggs (or 
Scroggs) family of England, whereof Sir William, 
Chief Justice of the King’s Bench, was a mem- 
ber. His ancestors emigrated to Virginia from 
England and Scotland, 1640 and 1667; his mater- 
nal ancestors being Scotch. He was educated in 
the common schools and under private instruc- 
tion; attended Strawberry, Plains college, East 
Tennessee, 1854-58; studied law, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar, 1861, but did not practise, be- 
coming interested in journalism in 1862. He was 
married, Aug. 3, 1858, to Judith Ann, daughter of 
John H.8. and Susan (Terry) Potts of Fredericks- 
burg, Va., who died in 1897. Mr. Scruggs was 


. chief editor of the Daily Sun, Columbus, Ga., 


and of the Daily New Era, Atlanta, Ga., 1862-72 ; 
U.S. minister to Colombia, South America, 1873- 
77 and 1882-87 ; U.S. consul to Cheng-Kiang and 
Canton, China, 1878-81; ambassador extraordi- 
nary and minister plenipotentiary to Venezuela, 
S.A., 1889-93 ; and legal adviser and special agent 
of the Venezuelan government, charged with 
settlement of the Anglo-Venezuelan boundary 
dispute, 1893-98, bringing the question to arbi- 
tration, 1897; after which he resumed his resi- 
dence in Atlanta, Ga. He isthe author of: 
British Aggressions in Venezuela (1894) ; Official 
History of the Guayana Boundary Dispute 
(1895); Lord Salisbury’s Mistakes (1896); Fallacies 
of the British Blue Book (1896); The Colombian 
and Venezuelan Republics (1900) ; The Monroe 
Doctrine on Trial (1902) ; Evolution of American 
Citizenship (1902) ; and contributions to various 
periodicals. 

SCUDDER, Henry Martyn, missionary, was 
born in Panditeripo, Ceylon, Feb. 5, 1822; son of 
the Rey. John and Harriet (Waterbury) Scudder. 
He came to the United States in 1832 ; matric- 
ulated at Williams college with the class of 1840; 
left in 1837 to enter the University of the City 
of New York, and was graduated there, A.B., 
1840, A.M., 1843, and from Union Theological 
seminary in 1843, being ordained by the 
presbytery of New York, Nov. 12, 1843. He was 


[660] 





. 
) 





SCUDDER 


married, April 18, 1844, to Fannie, daughter of 
John Lewis. He was stated supply at New 
Rochelle, N.Y., 1848-44; was stationed at 
Madura, India, under the A.B.C.F.M., 1844-46; 
was a missionary at Madras, India, 1846-50 ; 
studied medicine, and became connected as a 
missionary with the Reformed Dutch church. 
He founded the mission at Arcot, India, where 
he served, 1850-57 and 1860-638, becoming profi- 
cient in the Sanskrit, Tamil, and Telugu lan- 
guages. He resided in America, 1850-57; was 
pastor of the Reformed Dutch church at Jersey 
City, N.J., 1864-65 ; pastor of the Howard Pres- 
byterian church at San Francisco, Cal., 1865-71 ; 
of the Central Congregational church at Brook- 
lyn, N.Y., 1871-83, and the Plymouth Con- 
gregational church, Chicago, Il., 1883-87, He 
was independent missionary to Japan with his 
son, the Rev. Doremus Scudder, and his daughter 
Catharine, 1887-89. He resided in Pasadena, 
Cal., 1889-90 ; Chicago, Ill., 1890-92, and at Win- 
chester, Mass., 1892-95. The honorary degree of 
M.D. was conferred on him by the University of 
the City of New York in 1853, and that of D.D. 
by Rutgers college in 1859. He is the author of 
a number of books in the Tamil language, pub- 
lished in India, including: Liturgy of the Re- 
formed Presbyterian Dutch Church (1862) ; The 
Bazaar Book, or the Vernacular Teacher's Com- 
panion (1865); Sweet Savors of Divine Truth 
(1868), and Spiritual Teaching. On April 14, 1903, 
a bronze tablet to his memory was unveiled in 
the Central Congregational church, Brooklyn. 
He died in Winchester, Mass., June 4, 1895. 
SCUDDER, Horace Elisha, author, was born 
in Boston, Mass., Oct. 16, 1838; youngest son 
of Charles and Sarah Lathrop (Coit) Scudder ; 
grandson of David and Desire (Gage) Scudder, 
and a descendant of 
John Scudder, who 
emigrated from Lon- 
don, England, in 
1635, settling in 
Charlestown, Mass., 
and in 1640 at Barn- 
stable, Mass. He pre- 
pared for college at 
the Roxbury and Bos- 
ton Latin schools ; 
was graduated = at 
Williams college, 
1858, taught private 
pupils in New York 
city, 1858-61, and 
meanwhile wrote 
several short stories for children. Upon the 
death of his father, a well-known merchant, he 
returned to Boston and continued his literary 
career, his children’s stories making him widely 





SCUDDER 
known. He became a reader for Hurd and 
Houghton soon after the close of the civil war, 
and projected and edited the Riverside Magazine 
for Young People during its existence, 1867-71. 
In 1872 he became a member of the firm, and in 
1873 he was married to Grace Owen, of Cam- 
bridge, Mass. He retired from the firm in 1875, 
retaining his connection with the house as liter- 
ary adviser, however, and he continued in that 
capacity through the successive changes of the 
firm (Houghton, Osgood and Company and Hough- 
ton, Mifflin and Company) until his death. He 
was for several years, and until its discontinu- 
ance, the editor of the Riverside Bulletin. He 
devoted a large portion of his time to the study 
of American history. In 1890 he succeeded T. B. 
Aldrich as editor of the Atlantie Monthly, re- 
signing that position in 1898 to take up what 
proved to be his last, and in some respects his 
most important work, the Life of Lowell. In 
1882 he delivered a course of lectures on ‘‘ Child- 
hood in Literature and Art” before the Lowell 
Institute. He was a trustee of Williams college, 
1884-1902; of Wellesley college, 1887-1902, and of 
the Episcopal Theological school, Cambridge, 
1898-1902. Heserved on the Cambridge school 
committee, 1877-84, and on the Massachusetts 
State board of education, 1884-89, preparing for 
the reports of the lattersome of his most elabor- 
ate studies. He wasalso president of the Church 
Library association. Princeton university con- 
ferred upon him the honorary degree of Litt.D. 
in 1896. Following isa list of his published books : 
Seven Little People and Their Friends (1862) ; 
Dream Children (1863) ; The Life and Letters of 
David Coit Seudder (1864); Stories from My 
Attic (1869) ; The Bodley Books, stories for chil 
dren (8 vols., 1875-84); The Dwellers in Five- 
Sisters Court, novel (1876) ; Men and Manners tit 
America (1876); Recollections of Samuel Breck 
(1877) ; Stories and Romances (1880) ; The Chil- 
dren's Book (1881); Boston Town (1881); Noah 
Webster, in American Men of Letters Series 
(1881); The Book of Fables ; Chiefly from A®sop 
(1882) ; A History of the United States (1884) ; 
George Washington (1886); The Book of Folk 
Stories (1887) ; Men and Letters, essays (1887) : 
Literature in School (1888); A Short History of 
the United States (1890) ; Chiidhood in Literature 
and Art: A Study (1894); The Book of Legends 
(1899) ; James Russell Lowell (2 vols., 1901). He 
was also a contributor to Justin Winsor’s ‘*‘ Me- 
morial History of Boston” (1880-81) and joint 
author with Mrs. Taylor of ** The Life and Letters 
of Bayard Taylor” (1884). His anonymous writ- 
ings, if collected, would make several volumes. 
Mr. Scudder edited several important works, in- 
cluding : the Cambridge Edition of the Poets: 
the Riverside Literature Series; Masterpieces of 


[661] 


SCUDDER 


British Literature; American Poems (1879) ; 
American Prose (1880); American Common- 
wealths (1883-92) ; and others. See ‘* Horace E. 
Scudder: An Appreciation,” by Alexander V. G. 
Allen (Atlantie Monthly, April, 1903). Mr. Scud- 
der died in Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 11, 1902. 

SCUDDER, John, missionary, was born in 
Freehold, N.J., Sept. 3, 1793; son of Dr. Joseph 
and Maria (Johnson) Scudder, and a grandson of 
Col. Nathaniel and Isabella (Anderson) Scudder, 
and of Col. Philip Johnson. He was graduated 
at the College of New Jersey, A.B., 1811, A.M., 
1814, and at the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, New York city, in 1813. He practised 
medicine in New York city, 1818-18. He was 
married in 1816 to Harriet, daughter of Gideon 
Waterbury of Stamford, Conn., and their two 
daughters and seven of their eight sons became 
missionaries. He sailed for India as a mission- 
ary, having been ordained by the classis of the 
Dutch Reformed church in 1820, and was 
stationed at Tillipally, Ceylon, 1820-39, where, in 
addition to his religious duties, he established 
and conducted a hospital. He was stationed at 
Madras, India, 1839-42 ; was in the United States, 
where he advanced the cause of the American 
Board of Foreign Missions, 1842-46; at Madras, 
1846-54 ; and in 1854 went to the Cape of Good 
Hope, Africa, with a view to restore his failing 
health. He is the author of: Letters from the 
East (1833); Appeal to Youth in Behalf of the 
Heathen (1846); Letters to Piows Young Men 
(1846) ; Provision for Passing Over Jordan 
(1852) ; and many contributions to the Mission- 
ary Herald. See ‘‘Memoir” by Rev. John B. 
Waterbury (1856). He died at Wynberg, Cape of 
Good Hope, Africa, Jan. 138, 1855. 

SCUDDER, Nathaniel, delegate, was born at 
Huntington, Long Island, N.Y., May 10, 1733; 
son of Jacob and Abia (Rowe) Scudder ; grand- 
son of Benjamin Scudder, and a descendant of 
Thomas Scudder, who came from London, Eng- 
land, to Salem, Mass., about 1635. Nathaniel 
Scudder was graduated from the College of 
New Jersey, A.B., 1751, A.M., 1754. He was 
married, March 23, 1752, to Isabella, daughter of 
Col. Kenneth and Anne (Reed) Anderson of 
Monmouth county, N.J. He was a practising 
physician in Monmouth county, N.J.; a member 
of the committee of safety ; lieutenant-colonel 
in 1775; and subsequently colonel of the 1st 
Monmouth county regiment, and was killed 
while leading a battalion of his regiment against 
the British, at Black's Point, N.J., Oct. 16, 1781. 
He represented Monmouth county in the New 
Jersey legislature several terms ; was speaker in 
1776; a delegate to the Continental congress, 
1777-79 ; and on July 138, 1778, visited the legisla- 
ture of New Jersey to urge upon that body the 


SCUDDER 


policy of signing the Articles of Confederation. 
He was atrustee of the College of New Jersey, 
1778-81. He died at Black’s Point, near Shrews- 
bury, N.J., Oct. 16, 1781. 

SCUDDER, Samuel Hubbard, naturalist, was 
born in Boston, Mass., April 138, 1837; son of 
Charles and Sarah Lathrop (Coit) Scudder. He 
entered Williams college with the class of 1857 ; 
was graduated, A.B., 1857, A.M., 1860; took a 
post-graduate course at the Lawrence Scientific 
school, Harvard university, and received his 
degree, S.B., 1862. He was assistant in the 
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, 1862-64; was 
University lecturer at Harvard, 1863-64, and 
assistant librarian, 1879-82. He was connected 
with the Boston Natural History society, as sec- 
retary, 1862-70, as custodian, 1864-70, and as 
president, 1880-87. He was married, June 25, 1867, 
to Jeannie, daughter of Edgcumbe Heath and 
Mary Ann Blatchford of New York. He wasa 
member of the American Association for the Ad- 
vancement of Science and chairman of the sec- 
tion on natural history in 1874 ; general secretary _ 
in 1875; librarian of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences, 1877-85, and paleontologist on 
the U.S. geological survey, 1886-92. He was also 
a member of the National Academy of Sciences 
and the American Philosophical society; an 
honorary member of the Society of Physics and 
Natural History at Geneva, of the Entomological 
societies of London and of St. Petersburg, and 
the Natural History society of Madrid, and a 
corresponding member of various other learned 
societies of Europe. He received the degree 
S.D. from Williams, and LL.D. from Western 
university, in' 1890. He reported on the entomo- 
logical specimens obtained by the government 
expedition to the Yellowstone survey, on the 
boundary between Canada aud the United States. 
He edited Science (1883-85) ; and his bibliography 
of more than five hundred titles includes: Cata- 
logue of the Orthoptera of the United States 
(1868) ; Entomological Correspondence of Thaddeus 
William Harris (1869) ; Fossil Butterflies (1875); 
Catalogue of Scientific Serials of all Countries 
1633-1876 (1879) ; A Century of Orthoptera 
(1879) ; Butterflies (1881) ; Nomenclator Zodlogi- 
cus (1882); Systematic Review of Our Present 
Knowledge of Fossil Insects (1886) ; Winnipeg 
County ; or Roughing it with an Eclipse Party 
(1886) ; Butterflies of the Eastern United States 
and Canada (1889); Bibliography of Fossil In- 
sects (1890) ; Index to the Known Fossil Insects of 
the World (1891) ; Tertiary Rhynchophorous 
Coleoptera of the United States (1893) ; Brief 
Guide to the Common Butterflies (1893); The Life 
of a Butterfly (1893) ; Frail Children of the Air 
(1895); Guide to the Genera and Classification of 
North American Orthoptera (1897); Everyday 


[662] 








SCUDDER 


Butterflies (1899); Catalogue of the Described 
Orthoptera of the United States and Canada 
(1900) ; Adephagous and Clavicoru Coleoptera 
from the Tertiary Deposits at Florissant, Colo. 
(1900) ; Index to the Orthoptera of North 
America described in the Eighteenth and Nine- 
teenth Centuries (1902. ) 

SCUDDER, Vida Dutton, educator, was born 
in Madura, India, Dec. 15, 1861; daughter of the 
Rev. David Coit (1835-1862) and Harriet Louisa 
(Dutton) Scudder; grand-daughter of Charles 
and Sarah (Coit) Scudder, and of George and 
Mary (Pomeroy) Dutton of Boston, Mass. She 
was graduated from Smith college, Northampton, 
Mass., A.B., 1884; continued her education in 
Oxford, England, and in Paris, France, and be- 
came connected with the formation of college 
settlements. She was an instructor in English 
literature at Wellesley college, Mass., 1887-92, 
and in 1892 became associate professor of Eng- 
lish literature. She edited: ‘Selected Poems ” 


from George MacDonald (1887); Macaulay’s 
“Lord Clive,” (1889) ; ‘‘Introduction to the 


Writings of John Ruskin” (1890), and Shelley’s’ 


“Prometheus Unbound” (1892); and is the 
author of: How the Ruin Sprites were Freed 
(1883); The Life of the Spirit in the Modern Eng- 
lish Poets (1895); The Witness of Denial (1896) ; 
Social Ideas in English Letters (1898); Introduc- 
tion to the Study of English Literatwre (1901); A 
Listener in Babel ; Being a Series of Imaginary 
Conversations (1903). 

SEABROOK, Benjamin Whitemarsh, gover- 
nor of South Carolina, was born in 1795. He was 
graduated from the College of New Jersey in 
1812; became a planter at Edisto Island, S. C., 
and served as a state senator, 
and was governor of the state, 
1848-50. He was president 
of the State Agricultural so- 
ciety, and is the author of: 
Essay on the Management of 
Slaves (1834) and a Memoir 
of the Origin, Cultivation and 
Uses of Cotton (1844). He died in St. Luke’s 
parish, 8. C., April 16, 1856. 

SEABURY, Samuel, first bishop of Connecti- 
cut, and 1st of the succession in the American 
episcopate, was born in Groton, Conn., Nov. 30, 
1729; son of the Rev. Samuel (1706-1764) and 
Abigail (Mumford) Seabury; grandson of John 
and Elizabeth (Alden) Seabury and of Thomas 
and Hannah (Remington) Mumford, and a de- 
scendant of John Seabury, who emigrated from 
Porlock, Somersetshire, England, to the Barba- 
does, and from there in 1639 to Boston, Massa- 
chusetts Bay Colony. Samuel Seabury (1706- 
1764) after being ordained in England, organized 
the parish of St. James, New London, Conn., of 





SEABURY 
which he was rector, 1732-43; and resided at 
Hempstead, N.Y., as rector of St. George's 
church, 1743-64. It was amid this atmosphere of 
church influence that the son spent his boyhood 
and received his preparation for college and for 
the priesthood. He was graduated from Yale, 
A.B., and fourth in the class of 1748 (A.M. 1751), 
and served as catechist and pursued a course in 
theology under the direction of his father, 1748- 
51. He was then sent to England to receive 
orders, and before ordination studied medicine in 
the University of Edinburgh. He was ordered 
deacon by the Bishop of Lincoln (Dr. John 
Thomas) Dec. 21, 1753, and advanced to the 
priesthood by the Bishop of Carlisle (Dr. Richard 
Osbaldiston) two days later. On his return to 
America, with the license of Sherlock, Bishop of 
London, to officiate in New Jersey, he was elected 
rector of Christ Church, in New Brunswick in 
that province, and served this parish, 1754-57. 
While at New Brunswick, he was married, Oct. 
12, 1756, to Mary, daughter of Edward Hicks of 
New York. He was then called to Grace church, 
Jamaica, L.I., N.Y., where he was rector, 1757- 
66, and in 1766 was inducted into the rectorship 
of St. Peter’s, West Chester, which he held for 
about ten years. In November, 1775, he was 
taken by a band of armed men under Sears to 
New Haven, where he was imprisoned for six 
weeks, being finally released on requisition of the 
governor of New York as a citizen taken from his 
province without process of law. Returning to 
his parish he found hostilities commenced, and 
being unable to continue his duties he closed the 
church and took refuge in New York where he 
in part supported his family by the practice of 
medicine, serving also through the war as chap- 
lain of the King’s American Regiment, under 
commission of Sir Henry Clinton (Feb. 14, 1778). 
Upon the recognition of the Independence of the 
American States he was elected by the clergy of 
English ordination in Connecticut (Woodbury, 
March 25, 1783), to be the bishop of the church in 
that state. and sailed for England with credentials 
as an applicant for consecration by the English 
bishops, with instructions that failing in this 
quest he should apply to the bishops of the Scot- 
tish church, whose line of succession back of the 
time of Charles II. was identical with that of the 
English episcopate, but who had lost their civil 
status by refusal to swear allegiance to the sue- 
cessors of James II. The English bishops could 
not legally confer consecration without the oath 
of allegiance to the king, which could not be 
taken by one who was to exercise his office in a 
Various other difficulties were sug- 
gested, but this was the main point. The bishops 
could not dispense with the oath; the king 
and privy council would not: and, in the vain 


foreign state. 


[663] 


SEABURY 


hope that Parliament would, the applicant re- 
sided for about sixteen months in England; after 
which, concluding that he had been *‘ amused if 
not deceived,” he went to Scotland where at 
Aberdeen, Nov. 14, 1784, he was consecrated by 
the Scotch Bishops Kilgour, Petrie, and Skinner, 
returning to America as the first Bishop of Con- 
necticut, as well as of the American Church, In 
the General Convention of 1789, by action of the 
House of Bishops, he became by virtue of senior- 
ity of consecration the first to hold the office of 
presiding bishop. During the exercise of his 
episcopate he resided in New London, being rec- 
tor of St. James church, 1785-96, and Nov. 18, 
1790, was also made bishop of Rhode Island. His 
first and only act of consecration wason Sept. 17, 
1792, when he co-operated with Bishops Provoost, 
White and Madison, all consecrated by the Arch- 
bishop of Canterbury, in the consecration of 
Thomas John Claggett, bishop of Maryland, 
through whom, however, every subsequent bishop 
of the American Church traces his episcopal 
lineage. He received the degree of A.M. from 
Columbia in 1761, and that of D.D. from the 
University of Oxford in 1777. He is the author 
of : Free Thoughts on the Proceedings of the Con- 
tinental Congress, The Congress Canvassed, and 
A View of the Controversy between Great Britain 
and Her Colonies, all in 1774, under signature 
“A, W. Farmer”; Sermons (2 vols. 1791; 1 vol. 
1798). The Rev. Eben E. Beardsley, D.D., wrote 
‘‘Life and Correspondence of Samuel Seabury” 
(1881), and the Rev. William Jones Seabury, D.D. 
read a sketch of Bishop Seabury before the New 
York Genealogical and Biographical society, Dec. 
14, 1888, which was published in the Record of 
the society, April, 1889, and subsequently reprinted 
in pamphlet form. Bishop Seabury died in New 
London, Conn., Feb. 25, 1796, in the 12th year of 
his episcopate, having been in orders nearly 
forty-three years. 

SEABURY, Samuel, clergyman, was born in 
New London, Conn., June 9, 1801; son of the 
Rev. Charles and Ann (Saltonstall) Seabury ; 
grandson of Bishop Samuel (q.v.) and Mary 
(Hicks) Seabury, and of Roswell and Elizabeth 
(Stewart) Saltonstall. He was instructed at 
home by his father, but chiefly by his own unre- 
mitting studies, for some years also keeping a 
school for boys; was admitted to the diaconate 
by Bishop Hobart in 1826, and was advanced to 
the priesthood in 1828. He was professor of 
languages in St. Paul’s college, Flushing, L.I., 
1828-33 ; edited The Churehman, 1833-49; was 
rector of the Church of the Annunciation, New 
York city, 1838-68, and in 1868 was succeeded by 
his son, the Rey. William Jones Seabury (q.v.). 
He was professor of Biblical learning in the Gen- 
eral Theological seminary, New York, 1862-72. 


SEARING 


He was three times married, first to Lydia Hunt- 
ington, daughter of Gurdon and Betsey (Tracy) — 
Bill; secondly, Nov. 17, 1835, to Hannah Amelia, 
daughter of William and Kezia (Youngs) Jones 
of Oyster Bay, L.I., N.Y., and thirdly to Mary 
Anna Schuyler, daughter of Samuel and Cathe- 
rine (Schuyler) Jones, who survived him. He 
received the honorary degrees A.M. in 1823 and 
D.D. in 1837 from Columbia college. He is the 
author of: Historical Sketch of Augustine, Bishop 
of Hippo (1833) ; The Continuity of the Church 
of England in the 16th Century (1858); The Su- 
premacy and Obligation of Conscience (1860) ; 
American Slavery Distinguished from the Slavery 
of English Theorists and Justified by the Law of 

Vature (1861); Mary, the Virgin (1868) and 
Theory and Use of the Church Calendar in tlhe 
Measurement and Distribution of Time (1872) ; 
and many occasional papers. He died in New 
York city, Oct. 10, 1872. 

SEABURY, William Jones, clergyman, was 
born in New York city, Jan. 25, 1837; son of the 
Rey. Samuel Seabury (q.v.) and Hannah Amelia 
(Jones) Seabury, He was prepared for college 
in New York city; was graduated from Colum- 
bia, A.B., 1856, A.M., 1859; was admitted to the 
bar in 1858, and practised in New York city, 
1858-64. He abandoned the practice of law in 
1864; was graduated from the General Theolog- 
ical seminary in 1866 ; received orders as a deacon, 
July 5, 1866, and was advanced to the priest- 
hood, Nov. 30, 1866, by Bishop Horatio Potter. 
He succeeded his father as rector of the Church 
of the Annunciation, New York city, in 1868, and 
was married, Oct. 29, 1868, to Alice Van Wyck, 
daughter of Thomas Marston and Mary Susan 
(Saltonstall) Beare of New York city. He was 
elected Ludlow professor of ecclesiastical polity 
and law in the General Theological seminary in 
1873. He received the honorary degree D.D. 
from Hobart in 1876, and from the General 
Theological seminary in 1884. He edited Dr. 
Samuel Seabury’s ‘‘ Memorial” (1873), and 
**Discourses on the Nature and Work of the 
Holy Spirit ” (1874); and is the author of : Sug- 
gestions in Aid of Devotion and Godliness: A ~ 
Manual for Choristers (1878) ; The Union of Di- 
vergent Lines in the American Succession (1885) ; 
Lectures on Apostolical Succession (1893); An 
Introduction to the Study of Ecclesiastical Polity 
(1894) ; Notes on the Constitution of 1901 (1902) ; 
and many sermons, reviews and pamphlets. 

SEARING, Laura Catharine (Redden), author, 
was born in Somerset, Md., Feb. 9, 1840; a de- 
scendant of Edmund Waller, the poet, and of 
John Hampden, the patriot. She removed with 
her parents to St. Louis, and in 1851, after recover- 
ing from a dangerousillness, she was left entirely 
deaf. She attended the Missouri: Institute for 


[664] 








SEARLE 


Deaf Mutes, and Clark Institute, and engaged in 
editorial work as assistant editor of the St. Louis 
Presbyterian, 1857-58. She contributed frequently 
to the St. Louis Republican under the pen name, 
‘* Howard Glyndon,” and in 1861 wrote an article 
protesting against the call for fifty thousand 
men, made by Governor Jackson of Missouri, 
which was so widely copied that the editors of a 
Confederate organ in St. Louis published an 
appeal to the reading public, not to be influenced 
by the opinion of an inexperienced girl, to which 
she replied in *‘ An Appeal from Judge to Jury.” 
She was Washington correspondent to the Jis- 
souri Republican, 1866-67 ; went to Europe, Feb- 
ruary, 1865, as correspondent to the Republican, 
and later was employed in the same capacity by 
the New York Times, remaining abroad until 
1868. She removed to New York, where she was 
employed on the Jail, and contributed to the 
Tribune. She was married in 1876 to Edward 
W. Searing, a native of Sherwood, Cayuga 
county, N.Y., a well known lawyer of New York 
city. She was greatly interested in the educa- 
tion of deaf mutes, and in 1886 went to Califor- 
nia with a teachers’ convention held at Berkeley 
in July, 1886. She then settled in Santa Cruz, 
Cal., where she was residing in 1903. She is the 
author of : Idyls of Battle (1864); Notable Men 
in the House of Representatives (1864); A Book 
for Little Boys (1870) ; Sounds from Secret Cham- 
bers (1874). 

SEARLE, Arthur, astronomer, was born in 
London, England, Oct. 21, 1887; son of Thomas 
Searle, who was born in Newburyport, Mass., in 
1795, and was married in England to Anne Noble. 

The family returned to America in 1840, and 
Arthur was graduated from Harvard, A.B., 1856, 
A.M., 1859. Early in 1861 he went to California 
with a party of young men who intended to en- 
gage in sheep-farming; but he afterward sup- 
plied a temporary vacancy among the professors 
of the University of the Pacific, returning to 
Massachusetts in 1862. In 1866-67, he served for 
a time in the statistical department of the U.S. 
Sanitary commission. In April, 1868, he began 
work at the Harvard observatory, becoming as- 
sistant in 1869, and Phillips professor of astron- 
omy in 1887. He was married, Jan, 1, 1873, 
to Emma, daughter of Robert and Ferdinande 
Emilie (Hecker) Wesselhoeft of Jena, Germany, 
afterward of Brattleboro, Vt. He was elected a 
fellow of the American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences, and is the author of: Outlines of As- 
tronomy (1874), and of contributions to the Pro- 
ceedings and Memoirs of the American Academy 
and to the Annals of the Observatory. 

SEARLE, George Mary, astronomer and 
clergyman, was born in London, England, June 
27, 1839; son of Thomas and Anne (Noble) 


[665] 


SEARLE 


Searle. His father, who was an American, a 
direct descendant of Robert Searle who lived in 
Dorchester in 1662, brought the family to this 
country in 1840. George was graduated at Har- 
vard A.B., 1857, A.M., 1860, and in 1857 was ap- 
pointed computer on the Nautical Almanac and 
was assistant at the Dudley observatory at 
Albany, N. Y., 1858-59, during which time he 
discovered the asteroid Pandora, the first found 
by regular search in America. He served under 
Dr. B. A. Gould on the U.S. coast survey, 1859- 
62, and was assistant professor of mathematics 
at the U.S. Naval academy, 1862-64. Mr. Searle 
had been a member of the Unitarian Congrega- 
tional church, but in 1859 he joined the Protestant 
Episcopal communion, and on Aug. 15, 1862, he 
was received into the Roman Catholic church. 
He became an assistant at the Harvard obser- 
vatory in 1866, but resigned in 1868 to join the 
Paulist community in New York, in which he 
was ordained priest, March 25, 1871. In 1889 he 
removed to the Paulist house connected with the 
Catholic university in Washington, D.C., and 
that year took charge of the observatory con- 
nected with the university, and was professor 
of mathematics in the Catholic university, 1895- 
97. He received the degree of Ph. D. from the 
Catholic university at Washington, 1896. He is 
the author of the Elements of Geometry (1877) and 
Plain Facts for Fair Minds (1895). 

SEARLE, James, delegate, was born in New 
York city about 1730. He received a commer- 
cial training in the office of his brother, John 
Searle, in Madeira ; was admitted as a member of 
the firm and returned to America in 1763, having 
married, in 1762, Nancy, daughter of Patrick 
Smith of Waterford, England. He established 
a mercantile house in Philadelphia in 1763; 
signed the non-importation agreement of Oct. 25, 
1765; was made a manager of the United States 
lottery by congress in 1776, and served as a dele- 
gate to the Continental congress, 1778-80, and 

CONGRESS HALL 


PHILADELPHIA , PA. 
1774-1783. { 






Sept. 28, 1778, when he resigned on finding that 
he could not work in harmony with the board. 
He was chairman of the commercial committee 


SEARS 


and a member of the committee on foreign 
affairs. In 1780 he was sent to Holland and 
France, to negotiate a loan for the state of Penn- 
sylvania, but .failing in the negotiation he re- 
turned home in 1782. He removed to New York 
in 1784, as agent for his brother’s Madeira house, 
and in 1785 was married, secondly, to Isabella, 
daughter of George West of Monmouth city, 
N.J., and again took up his residence in Philadel- 
phia. He was a member of the Friendly Sons 
of St. Patrick, and a trustee of the University of 
the State of Pennsylvania, 1779-81. He died in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 7, 1797. 

SEARS, Barnas, educator, was born in Sandis- 
field, Mass., Nov. 19, 1802; son of Paul and 
Rachel (Granger) Sears; grandson of Paul and 
Elizabeth (Slawter) Sears, and a descendant of 
Richard Sears, Yarmouth, Mass., 1633, Marble- 
head, 1637. His parents were Baptists, and he was 
graduated at Brown university with the highest 
honors, A.B., 1825, A.M., 1828. He then at- 
tended the Newton Theological Institution, 1825- 
28; and was married to Elizabeth Griggs, 
daughter of Timothy and Elizabeth (Griggs) 
Corey of Brookline, Mass. He was pastor of the 
First Baptist church, Hartford, Conn., 1827-29 ; 
resident licentiate at Andover, 1830; professor 
of languages, Madison university, 1831-33 ; 


student in the universities at Halle, Leipsic and 

Berlin, 1833-35; president of the Newton Theo- 

logical Institution, 1836-47 ; successor to Horace 
: 9? 






So 
NEWTON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEWTON-CENTRE,MASS. 
Mann as secretary and general agent of the 
board of education, 1848-54; president of Brown 
university, 1855-66 ; and general agent of the 
Peabody Education Fund, 1867-80, with  resi- 
dence at Staunton, Va. He was a fellow of 
Brown, 1841-51; of the American Academy of Arts 
and Sciences; and corresponding and honorary 
member of the Massachusetts Historical society. 
He received the honorary degree of D.D. from 
Harvard in 1841, and that of LL.D. from Yale in 
1862. He was editor of the Christain Review for 
several years, and is the author of various refer- 
ence and text books and translations, and of : Life 
of Martin Luther (1850), and Discourse at the Cen- 
tennial Celebration of Brown University (1864), 
and of numerous contribution to periodicals 
He died at Saratoga Springs, N.Y., July 6, 1880. 






SEARS 


SEARS, Edmund Hamilton, clergyman, was 
born in Sandisfield, Mass., April 6, 1810 ; son of 
Joseph and Lucy (Smith) Sears; grandson of 
Joshua and Sarah (Blackmore) Sears and of 
Silas Smith, and a descendant of Richard Sears. 
He was graduated at Union, A.B., 1834, A.M.. 
1837; and at Harvard, B.D., in 1887, and .en- 
gaged in missionary work in Toledo, Ohio, 1837- 
389. He was married, Nov. 7, 1839, to Ellen, 
daughter of the Hon. Ebenezer and Abigail 
(Crocker) Bacon of Barnstable, Mass. He was 
ordained to the Unitarian ministry in 1839 ; was 
pastor at Wayland, Mass., 1839-40 and 1848-64; 
at Lancaster, Mass., 1841-48; and at Weston, 
Mass., as colleague of Dr. Field, 1865-69, and as 
pastor, 1869-76. He was a member of the Massa- 
chusetts Historical society, and received the de- 
gree D.D. from Union in 1871. He edited The 
Monthly Religious Magazine with the Rev. R. 
Ellis for several years, andis the author of : Re- 
generation (1853; 9th ed., 1873) ; Pictures of the 
Olden Time (1857); Christian Lyrics (1860); 
Athanasia (1860) ; The Fourth Gospel: the Heart 
of Christ (1872) ; and Sermons and Songs of the 
Christian Life (1875). He died in Weston, Mass., 
Jan. 16, 1876. 

SEARS, Lorenzo, clergyman, educator and au- 
thor, was born at Searsville, Mass., April 18, 1838; 
son of Nathaniel and Cordelia (Morton) Sears ; 
grandson of Rufus and Priscilla (Sears) Sears 
and of Dexter and Hannah (Munson) Morton ; 
and a descendant of the immigrants: Richard 
(1590-1676) and Dorothy (d. 1678) Sears of Yar- 
mouth, Mass., and of George (1590-1624) and 
Juliana (d. 1665) (Carpenter) Morton of Ply- 
mouth, Mass. He was graduated at Yale in 1861, 
and at the General Theological seminary, New 
York city, 1864; was admitted to the diaconate 
in 1864, and advanced to the priesthood in 1865 ; 
and held rectorships in Connecticut, Rhode Is- 
land and New Hampshire, 1864-85. He was mar- 
ried to Adeline, daughter of James T. and 
Sophia (Knight) Harris of Wyoming. R.I., Jan. 
2, 1866. He was professor of rhetoric and Eng- 
lish literature in the University of Vermont, 
1885-88 ; librarian, 1886-88; associate professor 
of rhetoric, Brown university, 1890-92, and in 
1892 was made associate professor of rhetoric 
and oratory, and of American literature in 1895. 
He received the honorary degree of A.M. from 
Trinity in 1887, and L.H.D. in 1892. He is the 
author of: The History of Oratory (1896) ; The 
Occasional Address, Its Composition and Litera- 
ture (1897) ; Principles and Methods of Literary 
Criticism (1898); ‘‘ An Historical Introduction 
to the ‘ Library of Modern Eloquence’ ” (1901) ; 
American Literature in the Colonial and National 
Periods (1902). He is also the author of various 
pamphlets and reviews. 


[666] 


END OF VOLUME VI. 








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